The Sekoddesatika by Naropa (Paramarthasamgraha)

SERlE

ORIENTALE

ROMA

XCIX

/

THE SEKODDESATIKA - • BY NAROPA (PARAMARTHASAlylGRAHA) Critical Edition of the Sanskrit Text by Francesco Sferra Critical Edition of the Tibetan Translation by Stefania Merzagora

ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER L'AFRICA E L'ORIENTE

2006

R'OME

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III. IV.

v. VI. VII. VIII. IX, 1-2 X, 1 X,2 X, 3 XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI.

XXII. XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV. XXVI.

XXVII. XXVIII, 1-2 XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII.

ORIENTAL

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TAKASAKI J., A Study on the Ratnagotravibhtiga (Uttaratantra). Being a Treatise on the Tathagatagarbha Theory of Mahayana Buddhism. RUEGG D.S., The Life of Bu ston Rin po che. With the Tibetan Text of the Bu ston rNam tht;~r. SoPER A. C., Chinese, Korean and Japanese Bronzes. A catalogue· of the Auriti Collection donated to IsMEO and preserved in the Museo Nazionale d' Arte Orientale in Rome. Orientalia Romana. 2, Essays and Lectures by V.S. AGRAWALA, P. BEONIO-BROCCHIERI, P. CORRADINI, L. LANCIOTII, N; NORBU. PENSA C., L'Abhisamayl7laf!lkliravrtti di Arya-vimuktisena. Primo Abhisamaya. Testo e note critiche. BOYCE M., The Letter of Tansar (Literary and Historical Texts from Iran, I). Orientalia Romana. 3, Ghalib. Two Essays by AHMED ALI am! A. BAUSANI. AHMAD Z., Sino-Tibetan Relations in the. Seventeenth Century. MoLE G., The T'u-yii-hun from the .Northern Wei to the Time of the Five Dynasties. WYLIE T.V., A Tibetan Religious Geography of Nepal. Tuccr G., Minor Buddhist Texts. Part III: Third Bhiivanlikrama. Orientalia Romana. 4, Essays by ·w. HEISSIG, A. TAMBURELLO, R. BEVIGLIA, L.P. MISHRA. PETECH L., Aristocracy and Government in Tibet (1728-1959). CONZE E., The Gilgit Manuscript of the A~flidasasahasrikliprajiilipliramitli. Chapters 70 to

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CICUZZA C., The Laghutantraflkli by Vajrapfi!zi. Tabo Studies II. Manuscripts, Texts, Inscriptions, and the Arts. Edited by CA. SCHERRERSCHAUB and B. STEINKELLNER. LXXXVIII. PIRAS A., Hiidoxt Nask 2. Il racconto zoroastriano della sorte dell'anima. LXXXIX, 1-2 SUNDERMANN W., Manichaica Iranica. Ausgewiihlte Schriften. Edited by CH. RECK, D. WEBER, C. LEURINI and A. PANAINO. XC, 1-3 South Asian Archaeology 1997. Edited by M. TADDEI and G. DE MARCO. XCI. GIGNOUX PH., Man and. Cosmos in Ancient Iran. XCII, 1-2 - .Le parolee i marmi. Studi in onore di Raniero Gnoli nel suo 70° compleanno. A cura di R. TORELLA. XCIII. Essays on the Late Prehistory of the Arabian Peninsula. Edited by S. CLEUZIOU, M. Tosi and J. ZARINS. XCIV. PANAINO A., The List of Names of Ahura Mazda (Yast I) and Vayu (Ya!t XV). XCV. Guide to the rDzing phyi Monastery. Edited and Translated by F: VENTURI. ·xcvi. DE MEISS., Eclipses. An Astronomical Introduction for Humanists. XCVII. Orientalia Romana. 7, Varia1ranica. Edited by C.G. CERETI, B. MELASECCHI and FARROKH VAJIFDAR. Orientalia Romana. 8, Middle Iranian Lexicography. Edited by C.G. CERETI and M. MAGGI. XCVIII. SFERRA F. and S. MERZAGORA, The Sekoddesaflkli by Nliropa (Paramarthasa'!lgraha). XCIX.

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To Raniero Gnoli

CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. THE SANSKRIT TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. THE TIBETAN TRANSLATION...............................

13 13 22

NOTE TO THE EDITION ............, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29

SANSKRIT SOURCES OF THE SU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33

INDEX OF PARALLEL TEXTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

37

ABBREVIATIONS AND-BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. SIGLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. SANsKRIT AND TmETAN SouRcEs OF THE SEKODDESA!lKA. • • • • • • • • • • 3. PRIMARY SoURcES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. STUDIES AND TRANSLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. S_YMBOLS AND A~BREVIATIONS IN THE TEXT AND IN THE APPARATUS...

41 41 41 42 49 56

SANSKRIT TEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. THE INITIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. THE SIXFOLD YoGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 The Sixfold Yoga- According toGS 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3.1.1 Corrimentary on GS 18.139cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Commentary on GS 18.142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3 Commentary on GS 18.143-146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4 Commentary on GS 18.147-148ab. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.5 Commentary on GS 18.148cd-149ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-.1.6 Commentary on GS 18.149cd-151 ......... ·. . . . . . . . 3.1.7_ Commentary on GS 18.152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.8 Commentary on GS 18.153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.9 Commentary on GS 18.154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.10 Commentary on GS 18.155-157 .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 The Sixfold Yoga According to the LKCT and the VP . . . . . . . . 3.3 The Sixfold Yoga According to Vajrapfu:ti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 The Sixfold Yoga According to the SU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.1 Pratyiihiira and Dhyiina·.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

59 61 75 109 109 112 112 113 114 115 115 116 116 117 118 118 123 136 136

3.4.2 Priif}iiyiima and the Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. THE DEATH-SIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 The Sun Death-Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 The Moon Death-Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. THE DELIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. THE MuDRA.s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 6.1 The Fourth Body. Commentary on KCUT 21 I Pif}{/Tkramasiidhana 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Commentary on Stanza 93 (Continuation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. THE PASSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Interpretations of the word ak~ara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. THE CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP .................... •.. . . . . 9. THE Six SuPRAMUNDANE BEINGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. THE Six FAMILIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. CONCLUSION . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

146 157 157 160 165 169 172 177 187 193 197 203 205 207

TIBETAN TRANSLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 2. THE INITIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 3. THE SIXFOLD YoGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3.1 The Sixfold Yoga According toGS 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3.1.1 Commentary on GS 18.139cd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 3.1.2 Commentary on GS 18.142 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 3.1.3 Commentary on GS 18.143-146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3.1.4 Commentary on GS 18.147-148ab.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 3.1.5 Commentary on GS 18.148cd-149ab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 3.1.6 Commentary on GS 18.149cd-151 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 3.1.7 Commentary on GS 18.152.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 3.1.8 Commentary on GS 18.153 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 3.1.9 Commentary on GS 18.154 ................ : . . . . . . 283 3.1.10 Commentary on GS 18.155-157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 3.2 The Sixfold Yoga According to the LKCT and the VP . . . . . 286 3.3 The Sixfold Yoga According to Vajrapfu)i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 3.4 The Sixfold Yoga According to the SU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 3.4.1 Pratyiihiira and Dhyiina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 3.4.2 Priif}iiyiima and the Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 4. THE DEATH-SIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 · 4.1 The Sun Death-Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 4.2 The Moon Death-Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 5. THE DELIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 6. THE MuDIMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 6.1 The Fourth Body. Commentary on KCUT 21 I Pif}{/Tkramasiidhana 1 ....... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 6.2 Commentary on Stanza 93 (Continuation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

8

7. THE PASSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 7.1 Interpretations of the word ak~ara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. THE CAusE-EFFEcr RELATioNsHIP • . . . . . . . • . • . • • . • . . . • . . . • . 9. THE SIX SUPRAMUNDANE BEINGS . . . . • . • • • • • • • . . • • . . • . • • • • • 10. THE SIX FAMILIES . • • • . . . . • • . • . . . . . • • . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . • 1l.·CoNCLUSION . . • . . • . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 11.1:Colophon of the Tibetan Translation . • • • • • • • • • • . . • . . . .

375 382 385 393 395 397 397

APPENDIX • • . . . . . . • . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . • . • • • . • . . . . APABHRA.¥SA STANZAS QuOTED IN THE AND THE AK WITH VIBHOTICANDRA's COMMENTARY ........••...•..•.•..••..••• 1. Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • 2. Text and Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . 3. Synopsis ofthe Tibetan Translations . . . . . . • . . . . • . . • . . • . • . . 4. Word List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . .. • • . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . .

399

399 402 413 416

TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . • . . • . . . • . . 1. THE FouR VAJRAYOGAS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2. CAKRAS AND BEINGS • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. THE UNTIMELY DEATH AND THE NATURAL DEATH . • . . . . • • . . . . • . . 3.1 Moon Ari~fa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Sun Ari~fa . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Natural Death . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . • • . . • • . . . . . . . 4. THE FouR VAJRAS AND THE FouR BINmls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

421 421 421 422 423 424 425 426

INDICES . • • • • • • • . . . • • • . . . . • . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . 1. PADAS OF THE SU . • • • • . . . • . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . • . . . . . 2. QUOTED STANZAS IN THE SANSKRIT ThxT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. QUOTED STANZAS _IN THE TIBETAN TRANSLATION •...•...... ; . . . . 4. MAIN TE-RMs oF THE SANSKRIT TExT • . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. MAIN TERMS OF THE TiBETAN TRANSLATION . . . . . • . . . . . . • • • . . . .

427 427 436 441 445 452

sur

9

PREFACE

This work is a new and complete critical edition of the Sanskrit. text and of the Tibetan translation of the Sekoddesatika (also known as Paramfuthasarp.graha as we read in the Tibetan colophon) by Nliropli (Narjapiida, Nliropa, Niiro), and one of the most famous and important texts of Buddhist Kalacakra literature. It was composed during the first half of the eleventh century as a commentary on the Sekoddesa, the longest surviving fragment of the .Adibuddha, the root-tantra of the Klilacakra system. To assist the reader, the volume also contains a . reprint, with some changes, of the Sanskrit text of the Sekoddesa recently published and partially retranslated from Tibetan by· Raniero Gnoli (1999b). Prof. Gnoli himself has taken the· opportunity to correct some misprints and to modify a few readings of the text. More than ten· years ago, Raniero Gnoli and Giacomella Orofino began to study the Sekoddesa. and the Sekoddesatika using numerous Sanskrit manuscripts and Tibetan sources. Among other things, their work resulted in the publication of the critical edition of the two Tibetan translations of the Sekoddesa (Orofino 1994)_and of an Italian translation of the Sekoddesatika (Gnoli and Orofino 1994). Prof. Gnoli,. in particular, made a preliminary study of the available Sanskrit manu-script sources of the Sekoddesatika, which necessitated the transcription of some parts of the text that were absent from the pioneer edition by Mario E. Carelli ( 1941) but present in a manuscript kept in Kathmandu, and the transcription of some parts of chapters 3~5 of the Vimalaprabha by Pu7Jrjarika which were still unpublished at that time. Moreover, Prof. Gnoli transcribed and translated into Italian several other manuscripts of works belonging to the Kiilacakra tradition, including the Sekoddesatippa:r).I, the Sekoddesapafijika and the Paramak~arajfianasiddhi (an independent work that was later incorporated into the fifth chapter of the Vimalaprabha). Other commitments .prevented Prof.. Gnoli from publishing all the works he studied. As for the Sekoddesatika, he decided to entrust me with the task of continuing and completing the edition of the text he began. Thus, for the present work I was able to take advantage not only of the material that he placed at my disposal (photos of manuscripts, notes and·transcriptions), but also of his valuable advice. I shall always be deeply indebted to him for this. .

Some years ago, I asked Stefania Merzagora, q Sanskritist and Tibetologist, to edit the Tibetan translation of the Sekoddesatika. She readily agreed and proved to be an enthusiastic, competent and painstaking collaborqtor. She is responsible for the edition of the Tibetan translation, Chapter Two of the Introduction, the Appendix and Table 3. The Index of Parallel Texts, the Bibliography and the other Tables were compiled by us ·both. Notes to the Edition and Sanskrit Sources of the SU were compiled · by myself. The volume published by Carelli did not contain any indices, nor did. he establish the source of many of the quotations in the text. A list of these quotations and an index were published in 1986 by Vrajavallabha Dvivedf and Mahendraratna Vajriiciirya (see also Nihom 1984). The indices in this volume, which were compiled by Margherita Serena Saccone, are partially based on their work. We are grateful to all those who, in different ways, have helped us to publish this work: Dragomir Dimitrov, Pasquale Faccia, Giancarlo Lacerenza, Mauro Maggi, Sarala Manandhar, Giacomella Orofino, Federico Squarcini, Helmut Tauscher, Susan Ann White, Stefano Zacchetti and, especially, Gherardo Gnoli, President of the Istituto Italiano per !'Africa e !'Oriente, and the members of the Scientific Committee of the Institute, who agreed to publfsh this volume in the Rome Oriental Series. We would like to thank the Department of Asian Studies of the University of Naples "L'Orientale", without whose contribution the book would have never been published. · A speCial thank-you also to Diwakar Acharya for his help in establishing the dates of the Sanskrit manuscripts we have used. We are extremely indebted to Harunaga Isaacson, who very kindly and most attentively read the proofs of this volume in the spirit offriendship and with scholarly discipline, ,giving us many invaluable suggestions and references.. This work would not have been possible without the help of Raniero Grioli, and Stefania Merzagora and I would like to dedicate it to him. Francesco Sferra Rome, February 2006

12

INTRODUCTION

1.

THE SANSKRIT TEXT

1.1 Narop~i.l (956-1040 AD)2, a celebrated master of the Kalacakra tradition, wrote several works dedicated to various -Buddhist Tantric cycles3. The Paramiirthasaf!Zgraha is one of the author's most famous writings 'and certainly the most important of the three commentaries on the Sekod4esa that still exist in Sanskrit4. The Sekoddesafippa1Jf by Sadhuputra Sridharananda (probably a contemponiry of Naropa's) and the anonymous Sekoddesapafijikli are, indeed, shorter and less detailed. The Sekoddesapafijikli, in particular, lacks true originality - it is little more than ·a su~mary of the Paramlirthasaf!Zgraha. It is well known that the Sekoddesa, despite its title, deals briefly with not only the proc~dures for initiations (seka), but also the pivotal doctrines The name of this master is rendered in several' ways, as Naro, Naropa, Naropa, Na9apada and Na9apada, which are all plausible and correct to some extent. The spelling Nampa - which has parallels in names like Avadhiitrpa, Maitripa, :Qombipa and so on is most likely the abbreviation of Naropada, which we find for instance in the AKU (p .. 1699 and p. 216 13). Names ending with the honorific word piida are quite frequent among Buddhist masters (cf. the list given in Dhifl9: 68-70). The form Naropa occurs along with similar names (Indrabhiitipa, Tilopa, Advayavajrapa, Dhyayipa, etc.) for example in the· second text (fol. 2r34) of a MS belonging to the collection of General Kesar Sham Sher Jung Bahadur Rana that was photographed and edited by G. Thcci (1930: 150 = 1971: 220) and, independently, by S. Levi (1931). This codex contain~ nine short works, and on fol. 1r4 of the sixth text we find the spelling Naropada (Thcci 1930: 152 :d 1971: 221). The form Naropa is found frequently in Tibetan sources (cf. e.g. BA, ed. fols. 2173 , 225 1; Roerich 1976~: 243, 252). Cf. also Newman 1987a: 105 and note 77. 2 J. Newman has pointed out to me that there is no convincing evidence that establishes Naropa's birth date at 956 CE. It is probably a relatively late Tibetan 'reconstruction' or 'invention' (cf. also Newman 1998a: 315-316, note 8; 1998b: 347, note 10). On the date of Naropa's death cf. Wylie 1982. 3 A long list of works attributed to him_appears in Naudou 1968: 149-50. His main works available only in their Tibetan translations are: the *Sarvaguhyapradfpafikii (Q vol. 60 #2652), the *Srfhevajraniimatantriirthasarpgraha (Q vol. 54 #2323), the *Srfguhyasamiijopadesapaiicakrama (Q vol. 85 #4789) and the *Vajrapadasiirasarrzgrahapaiijikii (Q vol. 54 #2316). · 4 Other commentaries on the Sekoddesa have come down to us in Tibetan translation only. See below,·§ 2.1. 1

Introduction

and practical teachings of the Kalacakra system regarding the sixfold yoga, the mudriis, the concept of paramiik~ara, the death-signs (ari~ta) and other religious and philosophical matters. These topics are dealt with and explored in the Para,miirthasaiJlgraha by means of long glosses and digressions. Naropa explains the Sekoddesa not only 'directly' in his own words, but also 'indirectly' by extensively quoting and commenting on stanzas that are conceptually related to the Sekoddesa but belong to other works, such as the Laghukiilacakratantra, the Guhyasamiijatantra and the Dharmadhiitustava. Moreover, many of his glosses on stanzas of these texts are, in their turn, quotations ex silentio from other works, and in primis froin the Vimalaprabhii by Pm;u;Iarika, with the exception of the allusion to the latter he.makes at the very beginning (uddhrtya viikyasalilal'fl vimalaprabhiidipayonidher jalamuceva maya vimuktam) and the explicit reference to it in other parts of his work (cf. pp. 70, 75, 118, 192). The ParamiirthasaiJlgraha has always been seen as a work of great significance, and is still rightly considered .an indispensable instrument for the study of the Buddhist Kalacakra tradition. However, it is not necessary to provide here further information on the text, its content and importance, since the exhaustive introduction and annotated translation by R. Gnol1 and G. Orofino, published in 1994, will fully enlighten the reader. In addition to the information supplied by ancient Tibetan sources, further insight into Nampa's life and teachings can be gained from related works by A. Griinwedel (1933), G. Tucci (1935a), H.V. Guenther (1963) and T.V. Wylie (1982)5. Here it is simply my intention to inform the reader about the manuscripts used for the present edition, the main characteristics of the text and the criteria adopted for this work.

1.2 The Sanskrit text of the Paramiirthasaf[lgraha was first published in the early Forties by Mario E. Carelli. The actual story of the editio princeps began about ten years previously and was beset by difficulties. Around the end of the Twenties and in the early Thirties, Giuseppe Tucci read and studied numerous Sanskrit manuscripts in the Royal Library of Kathmandu, as he himself writes in the preface to his Tra giungle e pagode while remembering his first expeditions to Nepal: Ero [ ... ] stato altre volte nel Nepal. Allora m 'ero sepolto nelle biblioteche e avevo tratto dal sonno polveroso antichi manoscritti molto rilevanti per la storia del pensiero indiano e in ispecial modo del Buddhismo (19962: 7)6. J. Naudou (1968: 125-28, 144-52), D.L. Snellgrove and T. Skorupski (1979-80, vol. 2: 90 ff.) and J.R. Newman (1987a: 90-1, 104-8). 6 "I had been to Nepal on other occasions. I had buried myself in the libraries and had 5 Additional information is provided in works by S.K. De (1938),

14

Sekoddesa{fkii (Paramiirthasarrzgraha)

There is every reason to suppose that during his visits he had many palm-leaf manuscripts copied, since there are more than forty modern copies on Nepalese paper in Tucci's collection at the IsiAO Library. These copies sometimes bear a date of the late Twenties in coloured pencil on the last page, which almost certainly was not written by the copyist but by a reader (probably Tucci himself) at a later time. It is plausible that during his visits he was also able to borrow some palm-leaf MSS, and we know for sure that in 1931 he was indeed lent a palm-leaf copy of the Paramiirthasaf[lgraha, as confirmed by Carelli's short communication to the Tenth Oriental Conference held in Tirupati on March 1940: In 1931 Dr. Giuseppe Tucci, [... ] coming back from one of his several expeditions to Tibet, brought a palm leaf manuscript that he had borrowed from the Maharaja's Library in Kathmandu. [ ... ] Its name is Sekoddesaffkii (Carelli 1941: 333).

We also know that Tucci immediately had the idea of publishing the Sanskrit text of the Paramiirthasaf[lgraha, and that, aware 0f the importance of the work, he entrusted its transcription to his pupil Mario E. Carelli, in the early Thirties. In 1935 Tucci wrote: · Many of his [Naropa's] works have been rendered into Tibetan by his pupil Marpa, and are to be found in the bsTan q.gyur, the only book from his pen still preserved in Sanskrit being the Sekoddesaffkii, a treatise concerned with the tantric initiation and its rituals according to the Kalacakra and the Vimalaprabha system. This text has been discovered by me in Nepal, and is being edited and translated by my pupil, Dr. M. Carelli (1935: 677) ..

The work should have been begun four years previously, as Carelli himself states in the brief preface to his volume, parts of which 1 quote- verbatim - below: The edition of the present work had been undertaken in 1931 when my master, Dr. G. Tucci, entrusted me with the transcription of the palmleaf ms. of Sekoddesatika he had borrowed from the Maharaja's · library, Kathmandu, Nepal. -

In this preface Carelli does not describe the palm-leaf manuscript that he transcribed. H~ studied and compared this manuscript with the Tibetan translation, but did not use other sources. Carelli provides· another piece of information on this MS. in his above-mentioned paper (1941: 333): awoken· from their dusty sleep ancient manuscripts most relevant to the ~istory of Indian thought, and particularly of Buddhism."

15

Introduction

This manuscript,.. that he [G. Thcci] trusted me. for transcription, and which is going to be shortly published at Baroda [... ] consists of 97 leaves written in old Nevari characters. Thus, th~ only information we have on the manuscript he used is contained in the above-quoted references he makes to it and, implicitly, in his work: as we know, the original palm-leaf manuscript contained some lacunas - those indicated by Carelli are on pp. 14, 21, 32 and 52 (those on pp. 21 and 52 are the longest)- and .some illegjble parts (cf. p. 48/4)7. The outbreak of the Second World War combined with various difficulties prevented Carelli from completing and perfecting the work. Consequently~ apart from the lacunas that correspond to approximately 16% of the text, there are many misprints and mistakes in Carelli's work, as he himself notes in the preface: Owing to many delays in my work the printing could not be started before the early months of 1939, when this book had been virtually completed for three ·years. Again my _internment in June 1940, stopped the publishing in its middle for several months until Dr. Bhattacharyya very kindly volunteered to revise the proofs and look after the printing of the remainder. This work therefore reflects rather an early stage of my researches and views on the Buddhist Tantras. The edition of the text itself could have been carried up tb a higher level of correctness and faithfulness to the ms. had it been possible to revise it throughly on the palm-leaf original again. But the Director of the Maharaja's library, Kathmandu, to whom I am indebted for the first loan of the ms. could not afford to let me have it again during the proof correction, and a photographic reproduction proved too expensive. Such as it is, therefore, this work may have to be subjected to a through revision before its second edition. Thus it would appear that the MS was returned to the Maharaja's Library, and kept thereat least until the early Forties. Carelli's edition was published in Baroda in 1941 as volume XC of the Gaekwad's Oriental Series, under the ·title SekoddesaJfka of NarJapada (Naropa) with the subtitle Being a Commentary of the Sekoddesa Section of the Kalacakra Tantra. The Sanskrit Text ·edited for the first time with an introduction in English by. The translation that Carelli was to have done, announced by Ibcci, never appeared. ""· ' It is worth mentioning that many of the asterisks in the text by Carelli do not always correspond to lacunas but more often to intentional omis7 On p. 74 of his edition, Carelli informs us that the MS he used ends with the copyist's phrase: sarrt 514 vaisii~akr~IJa II bhofnerbhange II (sic). The abbreviation sarrt 514 probably means NS [= Newari Sarp.vat] 514, which corresponds to CE 1394.

16

Sekoddesa{fkli (Pa_ramlirthasarrtgraha)

sions of some words that the General Editor, B. Bhattacharyya, considered indecorous. However, Carelli compiled a list of these words and included it at the end of the volume (Addenda, p. 75); thus, he finished up by .highlighting what the General Editor, with his strong sense ofdecorum, wanted to censor. Naturally, before starting the present work, I tried to locate the palm~ leaf MS used by Carelli and kept in Kathmandu, but it has apparently been lost. Thus, for the moment, Carelli's edition is the only document through which we can access the readings of the manuscript he used. In light of this, I have recorded in the critical apparatus all the significant variant readings of the edition by Carelli with the letter C, because there is reason to believe that it preserves the variants of the manuscript under discussion. I have not pointed out the differences between the present edition and the one by Carelli, where these concerned punctuation or sandhi (euphonic assimilations, gemination of consonants, etc.). Luckily, we have two other manuscript sources of the work, which I have indicated in the critical apparatus with the letters A a:nd B. One manuscript is kept in Kathmandu and the other in Oxford. Professor R. Gnoli put at my ·disposal Mf. copies of both MSS. In October 2002, during a short stay in Oxford, I had the opportunity to check personally the MS kept in the Bodleian Library and to ascertain more precisely its variant readings s. A

MS 5-116 kept in the National Archives of Kathmandu, Nepal. Nepal-German Preservation Project Mf. No~ A 940/6 (No. B 94/9 according to Moriguchi 1989: 138). The MS consists of 90 leaves (paper) and is incomplete: folios 42rv, 71rv, 82rv, 86rv, 89rv are missing. It begins with orrz namafz kiilacakrliya and ends with iti sekoddesa!fkli samliptli. The MS is in Newari script and is fairly recen.t; it cannot be'placed before NS 800 (CE 1680). Each folio, which is numbered in the right margin of the verso, contains 7 or 8 lines, except folios 23rv and 60r that have lacunas. Fol. 23r and fol. 23v have only five lines at the top and one line at the bottom, respectively. The copyist, aware of the lacuna (or having a damaged or illegible original) probably deliberately left a large space, with a view to it being filled in later. The corresponding lacuna coincides with that indicated by Carelli at the beginning of p. 2.1 of his edi.:: tion. It would actually consist in a space more or less the size of three leaves .. Folio.60r has one line at the top, followed by a large blank space that corresponds to about one MS folio. Folio 67v has 8 lines (the eighth has been added below the last Ilne, ~pparently by

8Jt is perhaps the MS seen by J. Naudou, who writes:"[ ... ] !'original sanskrit existe en manuscrit ala Bodleian Library" (1968: 149).

17

Introduction

the same hand). Some folios are damaged: folio 90rv is damaged· on the right side, folios 62r-66v are damaged on the feft side. The first four lines and five ak~aras of folio 12v, which contain a repetition (= 12r1_5 : Olfl siikyamunaye namaJ:t [ ... ] OIJ'l sarvamudriibhyo namaJ:t 1), have been cancelled with a line. The viriima ·is sometimes used by the copyist in order to facilitate the reading of long compounds: e.g. sita\rakta\priilJiiyiima\vijfiiina\lak~alJO (fol. 6r7). B

MS Sansk. c. 28 (r) 01142/93 kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The MS (palm-leaf).is in Vartula script. It was probably not copied in Nepal but somewere in Pala Territory around CE 1200. It is incomplete and contains 11 folios (lv-llr) numbered from 1 to 10 in the right margin of the verso. The number of lines on the folio varies: 7 (fols: 3rv, 4r, 5rv, llrv), 8 (fols. 2r, 4v, 6rv, 7rv, 8rv, 9rv) and 9 (fols. 1v, 2v, lOrv). The MS begins with namo vajrasattviiya and ends with ato na kartavyiinfti niyamaJ:t I (which corresponds to A 17v 1 and C.163). Folios 1v and 2rv are slightly damaged on the sides, and here and there in the MS small areas are eaten away (some syllables are therefore missing). In the top margin of folio 7v laka or perhaps lak~a is written in small characters. In the bottom margin of folio 9v some letters (probably atiriktii) have been added. The consonant groups ndra and tta are often indistinguishable (see, for instance, fols. 2r6, 2v7). Folio .11 v appears to have been written by a different copyist.

MSS A and B present the typical characteristics of many manuscripts written in Indian scripts, and particularly in Newari. It suffices here to give so'me examples from the first folios. We often meet the gemination of consonants after r (and in A we sometimes find the gemination also after r, e.g. samvrtti for samvrti 36r4), the irregular application of sandhi rules - e.g. vadhako afavyiim for vadhako 'favyiim (A 2r1) - also when this seems to be unintentional and does not indicate a logical pause in the sentence, and the inconsistent use·of da1Jrj.as and avagrahas. The ligatures jjv ~nd ttv are often simplified to jv and tv. The sibilants, palatal (s), retroflex (~) and dental (s), are frequently interchanged. We read, for instance, prasama for prasama (B 1v 1), sviisa for sviisa (B 1v7), 0 salilaf!'l (A 1v2) for 0 salilalfl, 0 saudha1Jl (A 1v1) for 0 saudha1Jl, sftii 0 (A 1v ) for Sftii 0 , yasasaJ:t (B 2v ) for yasasaJ:t, siisaka (B 3 3 2r7) for tiisaka, sambhala (A lv4, A 2v4, B 1v3, B 2r5) for sambhala, which is the reading of C (C 19 , C 221 )and T, sniito (B lOr) for sniito, seka (B 6v) and ~eka (A 25v) for seka, si~ya (A 9r, B lOr) for si~ya, susumnii (A 46v) for su~umnii, susupta (A 30r) for su~upta, susira (A 31 v) for su~ira. In MS A th~ graphic sign for the ~! group is not used regularly. In its place we often find ~t (e.g. a~ta 15v; iivi~ta 15v, 16r; ~pa~ta [sic for 18

Sekoddeiaffkii (Paramiirthasarrtgraha) ·

spa~fa] 30v; ~a~ti 31r; dr~ta 31v) and sometimes also st (e.g. naste 7v1;

astiidasa 0 8v5 ; ~asti l3r; pratisthiipita 18v; catustayaf!l 32r). In both A and B we can find the nasal n when we expect ~: e.g. ~a~navati (B 1v2) instead of ~afl~avati; in A we find the irregular sandhi tjn for flfl: ~arjniid~u instead of ~aflflildf~u (A 4v4). As in other manuscripts (e.g. NAK 5-7235 = NGMPP Mf. B 30/31, fol. 3r2), the ak~ara k~a is often used by the copyists where the ak~ara k~ya would be the norm; in particular, in A 2v7 , 3r5 , 76v7 and B 2r7 , 2v2 , 3r7 we find vak~amii~Ja instead of vak~yamii~Ja, which is the reading of C and possibly of A 4v4 (the reading is not clear), and the one I have maintained in the text. -As in many other manuscript sources, in A, and even in C, the orthography of words like ni~panda and nilyspanda is inconsistent. These two forms do not indicate different meanings in this text. As a general rule I have not indicated all the scribal idiosyncrasies; in fact, my editing approach is similar ·to the policy adopted recently by other scholars (cf. e ..g. Steinkellner 2001: 838). I have not always standardized the sandhi, especially between vowels when it may have indicated a pause or a .hiatus in the metre; nor have I applied sandhi rules to bfjas and mantras (e.g. sviihii iti for sviiheti), even if tp.ese are sometimes observed by the copyist. As regards orthography, I have not recorded the variants regarding: a) the alternate use of s,· ~·and s, except in specific cases (personal names and toponyms); however, it is worth noting that some words are written always in the same, although not standard, way by the copyist (e.g. iisakti for iisakti in A and B; sarrzsiira for sarrzsiira and §uta for suta in B); b) the apparently random use of~!. ~t and st in A; c) the alternation of b and v (e.g. vahir for bahir A 68v2 ; viihya for biihya A 68v5 ; valena for balena A 69v7 ; savalitam for sabalita A 69r, C 55 and SUP 61 3 ; vimba for bimba A75v 1 ; vabhilva for babhilva A 77r3); d) the alternation of rand l (e.g. kura for kula A 9r, liihu for riihu A 40v, kiira for kiila A 9v, piirayiimi for piilayiimi A 15r, vala for vara A 15v, uttala for uttara A 31 v, pharam for phalain A 36v, kumiila for kumiira A 47v, iikiila for iikiira A 52v, sakara for sakala A 55v, sambhiila for sambhiira 28v). It should be noted that in all the sources, the word wigulf is regularly written with the r instead of the l (cf. A 7r5 , B 5r2 , C 624). I have recorded the variants when ril is sometimes written inco~rrectly as ru in A, and when the copyist sometimes omits the viriima, especially with the final t, also in A. This is worthy of note, since the copyist has two alternatives at his disposal: to add the viriima to the letter t, or to use the graphic sign for the combination.of t and virama. Alternatives that he often adopts. This introduction does not include a stemma codicum since the pres.:_ 19

Introduction ence of contaminationes is clearly evident in the MSS. However it must be noted that concerning the quotations from the LTf, MS A always con-· curs with MS NAK 3-715 (= NGMPP, Mf. A47/20) of the LT'f (= MS B in the edition by C. Cicuzza, 2001), and that, as regards the quotations from the Vimalaprabhii, the Sanskrit sources of the Sekoddesa{fkii and its Tibetan translation often concur with the readings of MS cA used for the editio princeps of the Vimalaprabhii (e.g. VP vol. 2, p. 85, notes 14, 18; p. 86, note 1; p. 89, notes 5, 11-2). Seemingly MSS A and C belong to the same family. They have one lacuna in common (cf. pp. 92-5) and sometimes share the same significant readings (cf. e.g. p. 62, note 41; p. 64, note 80) and mistakes. For instance, ad SU 1 both have saptadhiitmakal:z for saptadhii sekal:z; this mistake probably occurred when a copyist misread the letters se as tm: it is well known that in many forms of Eastern Indian, including Newari (which was probably used for the early copies of the text), scripts the preconsonantic t is sometimes very similar to the e, and that sa and ma, in their turn, can easily be confused. It is worth noting that with respect to A and C, B contains some diaphoretic readings, which have been retained here~ especially when they find a parallel in the Tibetan translation. The Sanskrit of the work does not differ from that of other Tantric texts and, in particular, those belonging to the Kalacakra tradition, and I would refer the reader to the paper by John R. Newman (1988) on this topic9. As we find in several other Hindu and Buddhist texts, some words appear here both in the masculine and neuter gender. For instance, we find that vajral:zlvajraf{t (A 5v-A 6v), udayal:zludayaf{t (SU 108-109) and bhagal:zlbhagaf{t (pp. 64-5) are used alternately; the word seka, which is usually masculine in the text, is neuter in the I)iikinfvajrapaiijara stanzas quoted on page 105 (cf. C 27, A 30v). More generally, it is worth noting that we find frequent hiatuses in stanzas to maintain the metre (cf. e.g. SU 66ab, 71cd, 84cd and stanzas quoted at the end of commentary on SU 1)10. This too is not an exclusive characteristic of the Sanskrit of this literature.

1.3 The text of the Paramiirthasaf{tgralia, like other similar works, is mainly composed of quotations from other texts and, in particular, from the Laghukiilacakratantra and its commentary, i.e. the Vimalaprabhii by Pul). pp. 27374. Bu ston vol. KHA, fols. 571 75736 Q fols. 145r3-145v3, p. 274. Bu ston vol. KHA, fols. 5755-5772 Q fols. 202v8-203v2, p. 297. Bu ston vol. GA, fols. 907-923

Sekodde.Saffkii (Paramiirthasaf!lgraha)

ao ... ao Ce' rut ... an

Ce

ant. .. an1 T' ~ ... an2 T' an3 ••• a~ T' an4 ~ .. an4 Ce

Q fol. 203v2_8, p. 297. Bu ston vol. GA, fols. 923-93 1 LTT Cicuzza 2001: 1374-143 13 Q fols. 61 v3-65v4, pp. 168-70, Cf. ~y Sferra 2000: 1227-1357 Cf. ~Yv fols. 203r2rr DKT p. 145~14 TJSPafijikii p. 478_10 cf. AK p. 45 24-465 VP vol. 3, pp. 5425-554

A~Jasiihasrikii

Prajfiiipiiramitii

section 8 (ed. Vaidyap. 98 11 _14). VP vol. 2, pp. 20721 -208 14 Q fols. 141v8-142v4, pp. 272-73. Bu ston vol. KHA, fols. 5671-5686 cf. AK p. 31 1-4 Q fols. 142v4-143r8, p. 273. Bu Ce' VP vol. 2, pp. 208 15-209 14 a~ ... a~ . ston vol. KHA, fols. 5686-5706 a't ... a't Ce' VP vol. 2, p. 211 4_27 Q fols. 144v1-145r1, p. 274. Bu ston vol. KHA, fols. 5736-5747 Q fol. 145r1_3, p. 274. Bu ston au ... au Ce' VP vol. 2, p. 212 1-4 cf. ~y Sferra 2000: 107 10-108 1 vol. KHA, fols. 575 1-575 5 cf. AK p. 293_7 Q fol. 202v1_8, p. 297. Bu· ston acp ... acp Ce' VP vol. 3, p. 53 20_29 vol. GA, fols. 897-906 Q fol. 205v3_8, p. 298. Bu ston ax ... ax Ce' VP vol. 3, P·. 573-15 vol. GA, fols. 965-97 3 mjJ ... a'ljJ Ce' VP vol. 3, pp. 57 16-58 2 Q fol. 206rw p. 298. Bu ston vol. GA, fols. 974-982 aw .. .aw T' cf. AK pp. 3228-3632 Cf. Q fols. 66v6-69r6, pp. 28-9 GBh Sferra 2000: 11529-1I722 aw 1... aw 1 T' 2 2 GBh Sferra 2000: 11722_25 aw ... aw T' j3a ... j3a Ce' VP vol. 2, pp. 24922-2507 Q fols. 164v4-165r4, p. 282. Bu ston vol. KHA, fols. 6I94-6206 cf. AK p. 3I 5_21 j3j3 ... j3j3 T' Cf. Q fol. 65v2_7, p. 28 j3y ... j3y T' cf. GBh S(erra 2000: 1I816_19 Cf. Tib. ed. p. 220 (ad SU 29) GBh Sferra 2000: 11821 -119 18 13~ ... j3~ T' j3E ... j3E Ce' VP vol. I, p. I6625-26 Q fol. 139r7 , p. 177. Bu ston vol. KHA, fol. 2I4-5 VP vol. I, p. I672_3 Q fol. 139v3, p. 178. Bu ston /3~ ... j3~ Ce' vol. KHA, fol. 222 VP vol. I, p. 167 ~ Q fol. 139v2, p. 178. Bu ston Ce' 2 1 1311·. ·1311 vol. KHA, fol. 221_2 j3tt... j3tt Ce' cf. VP vol. I, p. 1933_5 Cf. Q fol. 16I v6-7, p. I86. Bu ston vol. KHA, fol. 734_6 j3L ... j3L Ce' VP vol. I, p. 19I21-23 Q fols. I60r5_6, p. I86. Bu ston vol. KHA, fol. 702_3 j3K ... j3K T' AK p. 932a-24 Q fol. 109r1-4, p. 45 AKp. 943_6 j3/.. ... j3/.. T' Q fols. 109r7-109v1, pp. 45-6 AK p. 947_20 Q fols. 109v2-110r3, p. 46 13~-t· .. j3Jl T' j3v ... j3v Ce HTPT Kaiser Library, Q fols. 45v8-46r4 , p. 20 Kathmandu, MS I28 ap ... ap Ce'

39

Index of Parallel Texts

p; ... p;

Ce

po ... po T'

prr ... p:n;

T'

pu ... pu

T'

40

(= NGMPP Cl4/6) fol. 56v2_3 HTPT section 10, ad HT 1.5.1, NAK MS 3-693 (= NGMPP vi/230) fols. 51 v-52r AK p. 79 13_23 (ad NS 9.4) AKU p. 1878_11 (adAK 9.4) (AKUg fol. 67v, AKlJk fol. 65v) PAJS (VP vol. 3, pp. 6023-61 7) Q fols. 208v3-209r5 , p. 299. Bu ston vol. GA, fols.103 2-1044 AKp. 88 20 Cf. Q fol. 105r1, p. 44 Cf. Q fol. 57v5 , p; 25 AK p. 206-7 Cf. Q fol. 57v5, p. 25 AKp. 207 Cf. Q fol. 57v6 , p. 25 AK p. 208_9• Cf. NS 5.1 CMP pp. 2 15-34 Q fol. 65r+7 , p. 294 Q fols. 235v5-236v2 , p. 310. Bu PAJS (VP vol. ·3, p. 82 13•30) ·ston vol. GA, fols. 1627-1644 AKU p. 11518-22

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. CIHTS D

Dhzft EW IAL IIJ NAK NGMPP Q

RBT SOR

Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies sDe. dge Edition: .Chibetto Daizokyo Somokuroku I A Complete Catalogue of the Tibetan Buddhist Canons, by Ui H., Suzuki M., Kanakura Y., Tada T., Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai 1934 - When D is not followed by "N,o." plus a number it refers to the Tib. trans. of Naropa's SU'f: D No. 1351 (vol. NA), fols. 220v1-289r, Dhzft. Review of Rare Buddhist Texts (Nos. 1-14) Journal of Rare Buddhist Texts (Nos. 15-) East and West Indo-Asian Literatures Indo-Iranian Journal National Archives of Kathmandu, Nepal Nepal-German Manuscript Preservation Project (Quianlong) Peking Edition: The Tibetan Tripifaka . .Peking Edition, Otani University, Kyoto, ed. by Suzuki Daisetz T., Kyoto 1955-61 - When Q is not followed by ~·vol." plus a number, and/or "#" plus a number, it refers to the Tib. trans. of Naropa's SU'f: Q vol. 47, #2068, fols. 258v3-337v4, pp. 105-37 Rare Buddhist Texts Series Serie Orientale Roma (Rome Oriental Series)

2. A B C

Cn

D G N Q

SIGLA

SANSKRIT AND _TIBETAN SOURCES OF THE SEKODDESATiKA

MS: NAK, MS 5-116 = NGMPP, Mf. A 940/6 MS: Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Sansk. c. 28 (r) 0/142/93 Editio princeps: Sekoddesatfkii of Natjapiida (Niiropii); The Sanskrit Text edited for the first time with an introduction in English, ed. by Mario E. Carelli, Gaekwad's Oriental Series 90, Baroda 1941 Cone bsTan 'gyur, rgyud na, fols. 220r-289r (collated from "The Tibetan collated edition of Tripitaka", China Tibetology Publishing House, vol. 7, bsTan 'gyur, rgyud na, pp. 560-730) · ~ee above under Sigla dGa' ldan bsTan 'gyur, rgyud ga, fols. "321r-419r (Tianjin edition, 1988) sNar thang bsTan 'gyur, rgyud ga, fols. 244r-321r see above under Sigla .

Abbreviations and Bibliography 3. PRIMARY SouRcEs Advayavajra, Vi~amapadabhaiijikii: see Bagchi 1938: 72-148 Ahirbudhny(isarrzhitii: Ahirbudhnya-Sarrzhitii of the Piiiicariitriigama, ed. by · M.D. Ramrumjacharya under the supervision of F. Otto Schrader, second Edition revised by V. Krishnamacharya, 2 vols., The Adyar Library and Research Centre, Adyar 1986 AK RavisrijiUina, Amrtaka1Jikii: · - MSS: 1) AKc: Cambridge University Library, MS 1108; 2) AIiikinfjiilasarp.vatarahasya: J;>iikinfjiilasarp.vararahasyam by Anaftgayogf, ed. by Samdhong Rinpoche and Vrajavallabha Dwivedi,·RBTS 8, CIHTS,.Sarnath 1990 DK Dohiiko~a: S~e:· "1) Shahidullah 1928; 2) Bagchi 1938; 3) Bhayani

43

Abbreviations and Bibliography 199~ 1998a, 1998b Amrtavajra, Dohliko~affkli: -Ed.: "Dohako~a of Kr~Qavajrapada with Commentary by Pal) >

... ) [... ]

(

t~ .. t

{ ... }

]

" , =

* a, b, c, d, e; f ac ace. Apa. Cf./cf. conj. de est Ed./ ed. (ed.)/(eds.) em.

enclose expected letters, words or sentences restored from parallel texts or retranslated from Tibetan I Sanskrit enclose lacunas in the Sanskrit MSS. Letters, words or sentences contained are restored from parallel texts or retranslated from Tibetan enclose numerical or bibliographical references that are not . present in MSS or editions enclose the pagination of MSS and editions cruces desperationis · enclose probable interpolation or ak~ara(s) that should oe deleted. separates the accepted reading, emendation (em.) or conjectUre (conj.) from other readings separates the commentary on different lemmas within the same compound or series of words that are graphically connected enclose quotations in prose or direct speech corresponds to I recurs identical in precedes a word or a title retranslated into Sanskrit from Tibetan (the asterisk is not used for the variants in the apparatus, where it is usually understood) first piida, second piida, etc. ante correctionem accusative ApabhraJ!lsa conjer conjectUre omitted in I absent in edition (for each correspondence see above under Primary Sources); edited (editor)/(editors) emendation (i.e. a correction based at least in part on MS evidence; conjectUre lacks this evidence)

57

Abbreviations and Bibliography

ep gen. 1.111. Mf. MS/MSS

n. No. pc plur. r

s

sing. Skt. st. T Tib./ t v

Ce Ce' Ci R

T'

58

equally possible genitive line/lines microfilm manuscript/manuscripts note number post correctionem plural re'cto Sanskrit text of the sur (this sigla occurs only in the criti· cal apparatus of the Tibetan translation) singular Sanskrit stanza Tibetan translation of the sur (this sigla occurs only in the critical apparatus of the Sanskrit text) Tibetan · verso citatum ex alia (see Steinkellner 1988) citatum ex alia ad usus secundarii (idem) citatum in alia (idem) citatum in alia modo referendi (idem) textus usus secundarii (idem)

Sanskrit Text

1.

INTRODUCTION

[A 1v B 1v C 1] .jij rr+r: "hl~'9*1'4 1 ,11

{' Fa

1

f. {' . {'f. '"\{'0~~2

tlGf'iiY I f01: I Cff;t~fol"hllf: '8'9.-~l ~~~llfu 40 JJ I~ ·~IHCI~ 11 ~

b

~

~

.

The passage between ~ and ~ is part of the commentary on the compound sucandriidhye~itena, which appears in the first lines of the tantradesanoddesa of the VP (vol. 1, p. 127). The passage has not been quoted verbatim by Naropa. The first sentence, in particular, runs as follows: sarvatathiigatasrotrbhiitafz, vajrenduvimalaprabha!z, sarvasattvabhii~iintare!la tathiigatoktadharmiif!iirrt sarrtgriihakatviit sarvatathiigatakar!labhiita!z (VP vol. 1, p. 172o.21 ). The words tatra guhyaf(t sriivakapratyekayiinayor uttararrt vajrayiinam recur also in the AK (p. 4 9_10). Srotrabhiitatviit B T] 0Srobhiitatviit A; 0Srotrtviit C; in the VP we read: 0 Srotrbhiita!z (line 20) and 0 karf!abhiita!z (line 21). 14 vajrendu 0 B T VP] candra° C; vajanu0 A 0 °prabhatviic ca A B•] 0prdbhiitviic ca C. 1s 0 S ce 0 are broken in B. 16 guhyakiidhipatir B T VP (line 23)] guhyiidhipatir A C 0 atjakavatf' A B] iitjhakavatf' C. 17 0 pratyeka0 B C VP] 0 pratyekaka0 A. 18 0 ii gu 0 are broken in B. 19 guhyiidhipati!z C T ] guhyiidhipati A; yak~iidhipati!z B; guhyakiidhipati!z VP. 20 'tjaka 0 A B VP ] ''dhaka° C. 21 adaka C. 22 mahii0 A B T VP ] sadii C. . . 0 A B VP ] iidhaka° . 23 sattviiniirrt B C VP ] sattviinii A. 24 0Vighna 0 is broken in B ( 0 Vi 0 is partially readable). 2s vadhako A B T VP] biidhako C. 26 0iidakavatf' A B VP] 0iidhakavatf' C. . . 27 0prasviisiiniirrt A C] 0 prasviiniirrt B. 28 0trirrtfacchato 0 A B VP] 0trirrtsaccato° C. 29 nirodho A C ] nirodha B ( 0ro 0 is broken). 30 'tjaka!z A B VP] ''tjhaka!z C. 31 'syiim astfty B T VP ] 'syastfty A C 0 atjak0 A B ] iitjhaka° C. 32 0 meghiibhiimi!z A B VP 33 tasyiif(t A B C (tasyiin) T] tasyii VP. 34 atjaka 0 A B VP] ] 0 meghabhiimf C. titjhaka C. 3s 0yak~ti!ltirrt A B ] .0yak~iiniirrt C. 36 vadhako A B T VP ] biidhako C. 37 0Sif!t 0 is broken in B. 38 pratyeka0 B C] pratyekaka 0 A. 39 guhytidhipati!z ACT] guhyakiidhipati!z B'. 40 'dhye~ayati B C ] 'dhe~ayati A. 41 miilatantre A C T ] miilasiitre B. 13 0

62

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87

The Initiations I

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89

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The Initiations

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rabh 0 c] 0 raTJlbh 0 A. 2 0 thamiilig 0 c] 0 thamam ang 0 A (ep). 3 0 1igamC] 0 1igama A. 4 0 nirdesapratinird° C] 0 niddesapratinidd0 A. s 0 ddhi 0 ACT] 0 ddhii.J:z GS. 6 0 tam C] 0 tama A. 7 sas 0 A GS ] saTJlS° C. 8 0 inii.TJl ACT] 0 inii. T (G) GS~ ' 9 0 dhii.naTJl C ] 0 dhii.na 0 A. I 0

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h In the Tattvasiddhi by Aryadeva we find a similar verse attributed to the Sarvakalpasamuccayatantra (cf. Steinkellner 2001: 849): paficabuddhiif:l samiisena paficakiimagw;.iif:l smrtiif:l.

dhana'f!l c] 0 dhana 0 A. II ca AcT] tuGS. 12 0 nyottamii ~atjbhir arigataf:l A 13 0 dhir A C ] 0 d~i'f!l GS ( 0 nyii uttamii) C T] 0 nyam uttamal'JZ jfiiiniimrtena ca ·as. HT HTP'f. 14 bfja 0 c] vija 0 A. IS 0 pattis A c GS HTPT] 0 patti'f!l HT. 16 bk~aram ·c 17 0 dhanain C J 0 dhane A. 18 seviijfiiiniimrtenaiva kariavyii sarvataf:l ] 0k~arama A. sadii A C T ] uttame jfiiiniimrte caiva kiirya'f!l yoga~ptjarigataf:l GS. 19 sevii'f!l A C ] sevii0 GS. 20 0 iiyiimo 'tha A (unclear: stha) C GS ] 0 iiyiimas ca GSPU LTf. 21 0 arigo A GS GSPU I;>JSR LTf ~Ya VP ] 0 ariga° C AK. 22 0Yii1J.ii'f!l tu A C T GS GSPU ] 0 yiirthiiniil'JZ GBh. 23 0 stha1J1 ACT] 0 sthiiniin GS. 24 0 iihiira A C] 0 iihiiram GS GBh (MS). 25 0 ktaf:l A C ] 0 ktam GS GBh (MS). 26 kiimiihiira'f!l prati prati A C T GBh ] iihiirapratipattaye GS. 27 ucyeta A C ] ucyate GS. 28 0 dhii GS GSPU GBh ] 0 Vidha'f!l A C (contra metrum). 29 0 rkas ca viciiras A C] 0 rka'f!l ca viciiral'JZ GS GSPU GBh. 30 prftis A C ] prfti1J1 GSPU. 31 caiva A C GS ] ceti GBh. · 10 0

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bp This st. is also quoted in Vij. (fol. 10b3-4) and, as H. Isaacson pointed out to me, with slightly different readings in Munidatta's Vrtti on CGK 36 (Kvrerne 1977: 217).

anyadiidarsanlit A ( 0 nlita) C GBh; the Tibetan rendering might be based on anyli.darsanlit. S26 °Viid c ] 0 Vad A. SZ7 °palambha 0 c ] 0 panambha 0 A (probably a lapsus calami for/from 0parambha 0 ). S28 sayanli 0 A 1supinli 0 GBh (ep). s29 ca mrtaf!t A] deest in c. SlO 0 yet c ] 0 yeta A. S3l jlinata A ] jfilinataiJ. C; jlinatha ed. P.L. Vaidya. S32 tat ta° C] tatra A.· sD dr~!e bimba ityiidi retranslated from T] deest in A and C; in SUP we have drna ityiidi. Sl4 0 yvor A ] 0 yor c. SlS 0 rylit c ] 0 ryylita A. Sl6 iir0 C] ur0 A. 525

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Folios 62r-66v are damaged on the left side in A. Unless indicated otherwise, the hooked parentheses indicate that the text has been retranslated from T. 636 0yam ak~ao conj. ] 0yamahtik~a 0 M. 6YI 0rii. 0 em. ] 0rU 0 A. 638 0k~ya 0 em. ] 0k~a 0 A. 639 kula A] deest in T. 640 0kulti 0 A] 0 ~a~!hakulti 0 T. 641 yadti tadti is confirmed by Vij. and partly byT; the missing part of the folio would have contained seven/eight syllables. ~ 42 0 ryti~ em. ] 0ryii. A. 643 k~u 0 em. ] ku 0 A. 644 karttZO em. ] kartti 0 A. 645 The beginning a is partially broken in A 0 °lak~aya 0 conj. ] 0lak~a 0 A. 646 0cittam iirdhva0 em. ] 0cittorddhva 0 A (partially broken at the bottom). 647 vajra 0 em. ] vajrarp. A. 648 0rii. 0 em. ] 0ru 0 A. 635

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