The rock tombs of el-'Amarna: Tombs of Penthu, Mahu and others, Volume 4

NYU

31

I

FA LIBRAR'

62028585991

ODD

D

D

D

:C^

3 ^^

ir::^

(C^

(?\

^Z:^

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT Edited

by

GRIFFITH

LL.

F.

SIXTEEN Til

.1/

EMC) 111

THE KOCK TOMBS OP

EL TAltT

IV.

AMA

NA

Pi

-TOMBS OF PE^TllU, MAHU,

A^i

D Ollll-ms

BY

DE

N.

DAY IKS

O.

FORTY-FIVE PLATES

r, ()

N DO N AT

SOI.l)

The offices OF

THM EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND, ANii PiKiicK Huii.uiNii. (;ori,R>

AND BY U.

KEGAN

PAIU-, 'I'KI;N(MI.

QUARITCU,

1.-..

I'licADiij.v,

AND

TlUTHNKli

W.

;

UIONRY

.V

ASIJKl.

;37.

Gufat

Ki'ssf.ll

Stueet. W.C.

SyUAUK. Huston. Mass., U.S.A. (X).,

k

Co.,

I'llOWDI';,

i'JOG

Dkvden l::,

IIoiisk.

W!,

CkuuahI)

Ukiifoiui .Strket. r.ivKM

Ames Couneu,

E.G.

.Stiikkt, Son... \V.

Cmm.kn, W.C.

gi^^SKUNivERsrrY

r

'"';

T^ONDOX

PRINTKD BY

«. JOHN'S

filLllKKT

:

AND ItlVINCTON

ItlUHE, CLKRKKNWEI.r.,

LTD., V..V

EGYPT EXPLOEATION FUND ipcesiOcnt P.

HILTON PRICE,

G.

Dm.S.A.

Esq.,

\l)icc=prc6t?ciit3

Thk Sir John

Rt. Hon.

Evans,

The Emil

K.C.B.,

oi'

Cuomeu, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., K.C.S.I. (Egypt) The Hon. Ciias. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.)

LL.D.,

D.G.L.,

PuoE. T. D.\y Seymouu (U.S.A.) Pkoe. Au. Eii.MAN, Pli.D. (Gcniiimy)

F.K.S., F.S.A.

SiK E. Maunde-Thomi'hon, K.G.B., D.C.L.,

PiioF. G. Masi'kuo, D.C.L. (France) JosiAH Mullens, Esq. (Australia)

LL.D.

Tub

Ri;v.

Pnor.

Pkof. A.

H. Sayce, M.A., LL.D.

W. W. Goodwin

(U.S.A.)

toil. CrcaeurctB

Edwaud

H. A. Gruebek, Esq., F.S.A.

fjoii.

J.

S.

R. Waui.kn, Esq. (U.S.A.)

Sccictarc

Cotton, Esq., M.A.

rticmbcifi of aoninUttcc

T. C.

Prof. Alkxandi;r Macalisteh, M.D.

PL Baylis, Esq., M.A., K.C., V.D. F. Mobeuly Bell, Esq.

The Hon.

J.

R.

]

The Rev. W. MacGreoor, M.A.

Carter (U.S.A.)

Robert Mono, Esq., F.R.S.E. The Marquess of Northami'ton.

SoMisRS Clarke, Esq., F.S.A.

Newton Crane, Esq. (U.S.A.) W. E. CuuM, Esq., M.A. Louis Dyer, Esq., M.A. (U.S.A.) .Vrthur John Evans, Esq., M.A., D. F.R.S.

Prop. Ernest A. Gardner, M.A. F. Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A. F. G.

Kenvon, Esq., M.A.,

D.Litt.

Mrs. McClure.

Francis

Wm.

Peucival,

Es(i.,

M.A., F.S.A.

Sir Herbert Thompson, Baut. Litt.,

Mrs. TiKARU.

Emanuel M. Underdown, Esq., K.C. John Ward, V.sq., F.S.A. T. Herbert Warren, Esq., M.A. E. TowKY Whvte, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.

CONTENTS

.....

List of I'lates CllAl'TKU

TUK To.MB OF

1.

PAGE vii

I'lON'I'llU.

.... ....

A. Architecturul Features.

The exterior The wiiU-tliickuesses The interior The condition of the 13.

The Sculptured Nortli

Scenes^.

Wall— Upper

„

Tart

Lower

,,

South

tuinl)

I

Wall— Lower

.

'art

i'art

.... .... Upper

Tiiio

II.

.5

i'art

Titles of I'eatliu

Chapter

2

6

Sitk of tiik Southeun Tombs

Situation

7 7

Number

.

.

7

Previous records

.

Change of Necropolis Architecture

Tomb-forms Sequence

.... ....

Methods of construction

.....

Later burials

Koads CiiArri;K

111.

Tiik,

'\\n\n

K 9

9 9

10 II

of Maiiii. 12

A. Site and condition B. Architectural Features

12

C. Scenes and inscri])tions.

The wall-thicknesses The rewards of Mahu

An

insi)i'cli()ii

nf

I

he ilufences

ri>li(ing the capital

\S \i \h

Hi

CONTENTS.

The Tomb

Chaptei; IV.

The Tomb

Chai'J'ei:

VI.

CUAI'TKI;

VII.

Chapter VIII.

Till:

To.Mi;

A. Their character

Shorter prayers

D. Burial petitions

Index

..... ....

of NEFER-icnEi>EKU-HEi;-.sEici[Ei'Eii liF

SlITI

....

....... ....... .... ... .......

PAGE

19 21 2.S 2.T

Thi; Religious Text.s.

B. Louger prayers

Appendix.

Aty

The Tomb ok Rames

(Jhai'tku v.

C.

of

Decorative Teciinique at

Ei,

Amaiina

26 27

30

30 32 34

LIST OF PLATES WITH UKFEKKNCKS TO

T.

..... ....... ......

Plan and Sections

Facade

III.

N. thickness

IV.

S. thickness

V.

N. wall

VI.

VII. VIII.

:

A

Upper Scene.

visit to the

„

'The Teinjilt' Court

,,

„

The Lesser Sanctuary

N. and

Lower

S. walls.

S. wall.

XI.

Tombs Tombs

scenes

Fragments

„

X.

.

The King and Queen of

at

Penthu and Rames.

Southern tombs.

XIV.

Plans and Sections

I'liotographs

General Plan

..... Tomb

N. thickness.

XVI. XVII.

Pack

XVill.

„

N. end

XIX.

„

XX.

Back

XXI. X.Xil.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV. X.WI.

XXV 11. XXVI II. XXIX.

S.

Avail.

wall

wail

Back wall: S.

end wall.

Front wall. S.

end wall,

.

:

Mahu

„

{coiiii)inatio)i)

false

door

.

.

.

side

Mahu

Doorway

Fragments

....

exercising office

Hack

Exterior.

Temple

.... .... .... ......

li'ight

Front wall. wall.

visits the

Passing the sentries

S. side.

Mahu

.

The Royal Chariot

Leftside

The

.

^lahu and his train

,,

S. side.

:

end wall

of iMahu.

The Royal Family The Stela /

N. side.

:

meat

Photographs

Mahu.

of Pentliu and

XIII.

XV.

TciupK

„

IX.

XII.

DN WHICH THKY

Tonil) of I'enthu.

PLATE

II.

TlIK I'AnES

brings prisoners

Door-jambs

A1!K

DESCUIHED.

PAOK

LIST OP PLATKS.

XXXI. XXXII.

Tomb

Hymn

Kntrance

Apy.

of

to the

Aten.

Collixtion of texts

XXXIII.

{The same rontinnrd.)

XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI.

Tomlis 7a, 7b, 9b, 11 (Rames).

XXXVII. XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

Tomb m.

I

I'lans

Entrance

Toml) of Ramcs.

and section

'lau

.

Sections and inscription

„

TomliofSuti,

.

and sections

i'lan

Tomlis of Suti and Apy.

.

Inscriptions riiotoorapliic

XL.

Tomb The

XLI.

.....

Mahu.

of

sentries

Mahu and

Entrance

the city officials

The Koyal Family driving out

XLI I.

Malm's Chariot,

Mahu. XLIIl.

XLIV.

Tomb Tomb ,,

Nefertiti

Exterior.

1.1.

of

Apy. ,,

„

X

[iV.

.

....

{hil-

Hymn

drsign)

.

Interior to

Aten

Votive pieces

.

.... ....

The Royal Family

Rames at prayer Rnmcs and his wil'e

.

ates.

THE

TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

EOCIv

PART

IV.

CHAPTEE

I.

THE TOMB OF PENTHU (°

ExTKiiioii.

the

in

(I'liitcs

ii.)

i.,

—This

yards or

.

coloured sketch remain.

Mon.

'

Text, xi.).

ii.,

p.

Dr.

1.'33.)

They must

Schiiefer

lie

drawing of the fragment (No. 521 which is reproducetl on Plate ii.

from this group

me an

excellent

in the Berlin

Museum)

kindly sent

THK TOMB OF rivVTHU. and the

joints of

meat stacked on tables and

shrines are a similar

feature

in

but Avhere the

;

Smaller Sanctuary, like the Greater,

indicated

is

and one or two fellow-priests meet

I'entliu

that

King presently took

had

fail,

by substantial

could (PI.

Possibly

similar

the

scene

dustry as Chancellor, that on the South the honour done

him

and

Councillor,

M'all

as Chief Physician, or Privy

recompense

this his

true

for

by

work

his

oil"

further,

finding his basis best

as

he

xii. d).

Dehind the Royal party

belov/

records the reward of Peuthu's in-

viii.)

;

had gone no

in plaster,

round

to

figure for,

slovenliness, the cutting out

and the modeller

opportunity to

Pis.

(cf.

The

not convincing.

is

of the matrix for the figure

tlie

rewards. (I'l.

picture suggests

tlie

his favour to this wortliy

tlie

show

and

XV., xxxi.)

does not extend below the collar-bones

some inexplicable

oidy by furniture and gates.' the King at the gates, and

and from other portraits of the Queen

columned

pylon,

entrance

the

been

already

has

gate

the

to

The appearance of

Smaller Saiictuary. building

seen the familiar

is

better representations

(III.

this

described

from

21-1'5).

The

pp.

discharge of his duties as Chief Servitor of Aten,

walls screening the entrance inside are shown,

the scene of his exertions being in each case

but

The

chosen as the scene of his reward. described

is

as

Intimate of the

King, "

Aten courtier

Over

— " Abounding

Avho l)estows

the

I'cnthu's head

by

is

the

lucky

tiie

The

fiices

with the

"

A

^

and neck of the

makes us regret the

The mannerism

Tiic chin,

undi'i-.

unexaggerated, and the neck, though

is

lean,

such

is

loss of the re-

of the earliest period

indeed not entirely kept

liowcver,

as

Itossctti

might have diawn. cliceks

are hollow, giving prominence

check-

and suggest

a

thus conveys a

Tlie inference

was

the South

tlie

mascidine

Iiaid,

dill'erent

wouUl

ilccoriitml

at,

lie llial

impression

tliis

from x.),

part of the Koyiil

But lliis seems imthe room which represents

to the Nortli nceropoUs.

for Melcctaten

were docorateil

'

Emending

to

Cf.

III., p.

I., viii.;

i;j,

Plates

viii., ix.

to

show that

perluqjs

the

Mcryra,

which

(I.

it

it

in

the

rcsendiles

in

all

It

injured

greatly

was the fellow

of one

original

xxix.-xx.xi.).

of this

and

tondj of essentials

has been suggested already

that the same subject once had a place in the of J'anehesy

hall

us

how

forcibly

As

(11. little

p.

I'D),''

may

there

pci"soual to

is

and

warns

this

be in

these

the owner of the

the selection of verses on

tlic

jjravo-

* Possibly at tho time of Ihcso cnrly designs the gi-cat temple of the Aten was, in fact, little more than a scries

of courts entered Cf.

by pylons, and tho furniture

PI.

xx.

The

sun's

building everywhere would then be even

still

of the

entering

rays

the

more noticenble

than at later periods.

Panehesy, as Superintendent of the Gran.irics and would seem to have the best claim to the for his tomb design, and possibly it originated with him •

Cattle of Aten,

;

later.

where the rendering

remains

Sidlicient

design

bo contemporary with Pontbu's. Whether his fcllow-olVicials adopted it with eijual justice, or any justice, we cannot determine.

might •

Part.

as])ect.

the pcvioil of the chanRo from

possihle unless the one wall of

mourning

Lower

Noi'th Wall.

simplest. '

supporting moun-

The Rewaud of Penthu.

2.

tomb. to

the painted profile on the opposite wall (PI.

Toinl)

rays

and the sky extends

I'eaches the

it

till

Tbo

sun's

tains.

pictures that

The muscles arc strongly indicated; the bones,

building,

the

overhead

of the royal pair, ton, Imvc pcriidied,

care,

mainder.

It

penetrate

longer inscrip-

Queen, a fragment which, being moulded with

is

with

stacked

shrines

meat.'

now

interior

fallen fi'om its setting.

ex(:e])tion of the chin

extreme

and

bread

of the

numerous

of

consists

visible

which, no doubt, gave the reason for the

ceremony, has

furniture

wealth and knowintr

in

it

occasion

-

Chief Servitor of

the

acknowledgment

stereotyped

tion,

" Rewarding

only

t!ie

is

incorrect.

ROCK TOMES OF KL AMARNA.

TTTR

stones of an Rnoiish rliurclivard are detcrniineil iiioro

iniicli

deceascti, ori

for

columns of liieroglyphs.

tomb

of

left (l*]ast) side is

on

fornuda.

.\py

31

column is

loyal Scribe

).

trolled, sn

service.

the

(,*f

ti'aiislation

p.

and Steward.

that he

latter

ink

of

began

given no other

it

by three onl\'

cut (Plate xxxii.

Traces

also

was marked

colouring

that on the

1

the

in

ceiling of the entrance-way

formed what household fictitious.

been

(III. xxviii.).

CiiJlc iVAtoiioii, I., pp. 00, 91,

but the iiguve appears to be

have

blank, in order that the

left

is

this

tills

into

oft'

of 1

would

figure

sometimes coloured

that the right

lives again."

The

kneeling

text might be read wlien the door was thrown

was only another and

latter

abbreviated copy of the

nal

A

back against

Apy and

\v'all.

'

occupy the whole of the wall-

ailded liehny, and the space to the right, here

and elsewhere,

followed by her three daughters with

The space below

nearly

;

tombs of Malm, Rames, Tutu

iVy, does not

space.

always and for ever."

sistra.

of

28.

^vith the

titles

:

show same

than those

"We are not

in-

was which he con-

mav have

lieen

past active

21

CHAPTER

V.

TOMB OF RAMES A. Arcihtkotuuai- Fkatukks.

(?

tained

usual form, and a

of the

te.Kts

given

tition of the titles

repe-

l\ames elsewhere.

to

I'lalc xxxiv.

The Tins tuuib

a small onv, and of the simplest

is

cross-corridor

There

type.

cncourajietiient

to

indeed

^vas

for

chamber

showed

of enlarging or fully dccoivatiug the

i

'

abandoned, and the walls were not

\vas

much

in

same

the

The

state.

Rames adoring

figures of

lintel

cartouches.

The columns on the jambs began with a

a

broad vein of gravel intersects the chamber.

The hope

door are

little

ambitious,

anvthiiifr

inscriptions on the framing of the outer

i

even smoothed.

kflp.p-sdt'H

for

with

proceeded

formula;

(///-

requests

such favours as "the loaves which are

set

out in the I'resence, bread, beer, birds," &c.

and ended,

;

for the kn of the Royal Scribe,

''

]

A

door, however,

was fashioned

the back

in

Commandant

Lord of the

of the soldiery of the

I

and

wall,

where seated wife

his

in

oil'

plaster,

and of

I

They were evidently thoroughly

g^

^

^^

-,^

and carefully worked,

pleasing

P

the

7

elaborate

chamber now contains jamb (?) of Rames, which is said to have been bnt found near the tomb by M. Barsanti which, as a matter of

town-ruins bv

TroiV'^or

him

common

with

arm.

her

has l)een written

Apparently

her lap.

known

a

it is

name

on

Ncbt-

of

the

The inscriptions on the door-framing

The

there.

a

in

a

tomb

Would well it

While

name. for

such

suit the

reads, " provisions

a

may

joy

name

house-mistress, liny."''

cartouches, with a figure

(?)

and a short prayer

The jambs appear

to

have cou-

[7-](.'«./"),

the

scribe

The

loinh

d'Aloiion,

(No.

^

spult

11)

I., x,\.\vii.

is

and

[m

'

v

pubUshud pjj.

83-85.

°"

''''°

outer

J/c»i.

1

literary

so little

-witli

make sense,

often scarcely

no instinct

exliibit

nor even for the

known

A

composition,

multitude of short phrases

the Royal

culled i'rom

in a single sentence.

reproduction of well-

faithi'ul

liturgies.

llymn

His longer

a

number

texts

pr(_)fessiunal

made up

^\'ere

of

of these liturgical expressions, strung

together with

little

tediously alike

regard for literary

sentiment and

in

most of the hymns

i'orm.

If

plirascology,

com-

are, in a sense, original

and allbrd us some insight into the

positions,

mind of the ordinary hension

have

to

new

the

of

faith.

surprising that there should originality,

if,

as

it

and

I*]gyptian

It l>e

his

compre-

somewhat

is

even so

niucli

appears, uKJst of the toml)s

were made to the order of the Iving

;

orthodoxy of the pious ])hrases and

but the the long

adulations of Akhenaten might counterbalance this latitude in his eyes. to compilation

tonilis

word

of

for

tiie

new

Avas

propensity

llie

a Theban

piety, simply

Ahmes and

word

this

was not everywhere apparent.

Huya, who [lerhaps instructed in

Yet

I'enthu,

and

went

the

little oflicial

less

to the

and l)orrowed

four longest prayers wliich

'

fifth

lie

help

from

who

.Mahu,

and sixth time

prayer which had been written

But Apy's more

iiave

been specially

dull.

do nothing

capalile scribe can

better ^vith his second wall -space thnn repeat

the same composition

;

while the Royal Hyuni.

though incomparably superior, was plagiarized

and mutilated, but never recopied.

Hymn

Royal

Perhaps

and that feeble echo of

whicli, in distinction, I liave called the

Hymn

to the

it,

Shorter

Aten, wore the only two com-

committed

positions that were

to writing,

and

of these the shorter and less poetic compilation

seems speedily to have gained po})ular It

^vc

favoiu'.

might have been thought that here,

have

a

\\'here

Ireshly-composed and local hymn,

containing the creed of a

new and

victorious

propaganda, with the Iving himself as auth(jr

and

we

preacher,

t}'ped

have

should

text free from

all

a

stereo-

corruption and

the

variance that years and repeated transmission

Nothing

liring.

farther

is

from

the

truth.

The great hymn is only known in one copy, and that not exempt from suspicion. As to this Shorter plete

Hymn, no one

version

can

feel

original composition

reading that lor

;

it

it

com-

in its

rci)resents

it

an

contains no pro-

gression of thought and no unity.

It separates,

indeed, on consideration, into two distinct hymns.

The

first

" thy son thee,

I must again acknowlLTlj^c substantial the Editor in luatteis of tiansiiition.

poverty of feeling was

The worthy

may

doAvn ibr him,

its

memory from

some "teaching of the King," seems formed the stock-in-trade of the

more marked.

still

this

echoing

or

thoughts, or else lingering in the

scribe.

they

skill tiiat

for true

tliis

iiiaiiit'est

the pronouns changing

from one person to another

They

Karlier,

could only repeat for the

provided slmw

is

uvery

-which

and subtraction, and are put

signs of addition

together

with

Atcii

needed.

ends, is

perhaps,

pure, doing

with

what

is

the

sentence,

well-jileasing to

living Aten, whenevei' he appears "

the secojid begins with the words, the Sun."

What

lies

"The

;

and

son of

lietween the two seems an

TilK KELIUIOUS TEXTS. intcrpulatioii, pfrliaps itself tiikcu bodily

some due

from

The addition inuy hiivc been

third source.

to a misuuderstaadiu;.;- of tlie plu'ase, "

when-

anything,

if

former

the

ground of variance, and to a great length

the rising of the Aten, and tu need expansion.

insight.

hymn,

the te.Kt in Meryra,' hiulogizing

god,

lias

unity and development,

the appearance of the visible

first

goes on to notice his creative and

it

life-

giving power, and then his ability to bestow

With the day comes

happiness. finds its

joy,

and

this

expression in the temple worship.

fit

This leads

mention of the King as chief

to

Meryra

^vhich roughly corresponds to

Any

from

that

passage

passage repeats the picture

and

King,

all

creation, the

god rejoicing

the

grammatical

ol'

and

disconnection

hymn

second

variant

the

" he says "

out, or are represented

King, &c.," which

have been dro])ped

by a sentence

fnun

creation

the

plants

Perhaps we have not the end of

borrows

It

its

Which

lonely

it,

upward.

for finish

thought wholly,

very words, from the Royal

its

is

and

Hymn.

of the texts collated on Pis. xxxii.,

then,

.xxxiii.,

his

be a creator and a sustainer of a

to

lacking.

goes on to

it

Aten passes from

the

is

to bt; relied ui)nn ?

shows us that we are

from the original,

far

though we have aj)parently

Study soon

all

have

to

curtailed since

His long omission, too, though

seems

Avhich

hymn,

elements of the saitli

but only

if

as

it,"

And,

the priest, this

precisely

is

He

intei'polated.

if

as the

may

even adds to

lie

a

little

of

possibly have lieen the case

we suppose

;

that his scribe wiu; using

up

fill

space,

phrase "without ceasing" as a

to secure tiie

oi-

it,

were iiimself the

lie

hymn smacks

the extended version, and that to

fitting conclusion, lie

borrowed some incongruous

passages from the supplement.

had also the

It

advantage of adding a short laudation of the

King

to the very curt ix'ference of the original.-

Apart altogether from the

This second part also has

of the King's loyalty to the Aten,

eternity

by the

Beginning with an expression

a certain unity.

grateful

"

often added near the outset

is

in the complete text.

show how

The

a laudation of the ,\ten bv the

is

The words

King.

its

;

however, suggest an alien origin.

texts,

often

unison

in

plainly

seems, therefore, to be aware of the original

composer.

interpolated

these have gone

or perhaps from his source,

verbally alike.

celebrant in the Aten wcjrsliip, and so to a con-

The

Tutu

apparently due to lack of space,

cluding Word

his praise.

seems ;

in

and not with advantage or

he omits an error of Auy's, though elsewhere

" J\'[eryra

in

the

Capricious alterations seem the chief

original.

ever he uppcjirs," whieli was thuu^dit to refer to

Tiie first

from

further

is

tlie

appearance

(lie

In'iini,

character and

causes

to

of variation, of

slud\

when

iuimi)er

cumstances ought

ma\'

wliich

textual criticism.

I

clearer j)erccption ol

intrinsic merit of

ol'

\ariants of this peculiar cir-

the

ha\e eliminated a

presents

all

the

jn'oblem,

the

much

have

hope others

value

will

lor

reach

a

the process by which the

original hynni

has taken the forms before us.

At present

plain that both oral

it is

transmission played a pari clear

what

their

iierc.

and written

nut

it

is

not

mutual relations weie.

the tomb-copies,

through which corruption and alteration might

groups other

:

15.

The texts plainly fall into two Any and Meryru on the one side on the

have crept

l,oMii;i;

l'l;.\vl•;l!^;.

in.

I.

;

Apy and Tutu,

be considered

in

with I\Iahn (too corrupt to

detail).

The

tween the two groups are largely

differences in

be-

\ocabulary

Tomb Tomb

xxxvii.

:

tninslation

ib., p.

5U.

of

Smoktku llvMN

Apy.

of .\iiy.

]Jol.li

Id TUi; .\ti:x.

enlrancu-walls (Plule

xliii.).

Left ontraiice-Wiill.

;

•

1.

TiiK

This prolmbly was the reason

iiivmiublc addition of the suooiid part.

for

the othcnvisc

nocK tomrr of

'rriK

28

Toml)

Malm.

of

Vouf texts (Plates

xxix.,

xvi., xxiii.,

Loft entrance-wall.

Tonili of Tutu.

Toml)

Mcryra.

of

entrance-wall

inner

Eiylit

(I.,

xxxvii.).

collation of all the texts on Plates xxxii.,

Previous copies or publications are Moit. dii Cidtc d'Atonon,

(Apy)

plate xxviii.

:

pp. OG,

H.\Y,

"

29,814,

L'lloTE,

(Tutu).

An

plates

;

I

the

p.

;

xlviii.

:

i.

(Tutu).

106/).

iii.

;

112 (Tutu).

29,847,

15

fol.

27 (Meryra).

r "

May

life.

(/) "

me

fair hm-ial

c.

Two

who

(?)]

Lord

living Aten,

of

who

gives

(?).

"

who hears

Nefer-kheperu-i-a, the god

He

King.

the

of

does what

".

May

ka

the

live at (sic)."

the

of

Commandant

the

of

police

of

Akhetaten, Mahu, maakhcrn."

Right Jam!)

Apy.

4.

(n)

Salutation

three

(It)

heaven on the King

Powers

(tho

(c)

Sun

"

name

They

.Men,

May

.

.

.

to bcr eternity as her

King

great wife of the of

May

(etc.).

(etc.).

May

he

in

life,

the

to the

[she] grant a sight

Aten in the necropolis (?) of Akhetaten." For the ka (of) the Steward Apy." Nefer

-

kheperu

-

her

-

sekh(!per.

(PI. xxxix.)."

columns

{a,

"

tho deceascal

man

Left

is

jamh

(PI.

followed hy the

papyrus-flower and huds, which at a later peiiod was in frequent use after najnes of deceased women in place

"maalkhcrn."

of Its

use

here

It

rarely occurs after

men's names.

probably one more solecism

is

of

Mon.

^

All

(Ill

Ciiltc d'Atonoii,

these

petitions

of

I.,

li.

Mahu

consist

incomplete and bungled, from already occurs fo\n- times in the tomb.

often

strictly followeil, * '-

Mon. lb.,

till

of

./'

\l. iioii,

pi. xxxviii.

snatches,

liynin

which

The hieroglyphs,

would often make nonsense.

i'lillr

p. 7H.

the

salutations of the

.

May

.

....

he grant

that

".

.

.

the Light, lord of food, great in

[like?]

.

by food of whose giving the land

liveth.

May

he

....

"

of

lofty

diadem (?), beloved (?) Mayest thou (fcni. ?) he grant .

.

.

."

.

.

gleaming with the Lord of the Two Lands. grant a sight of Aten .... plumes,

of the

.

.

who

illumines

land

the

all

give a fair burial after

....

by bis

ka.

old age, and

my

"

who

(?)

illumines (?)

of

Akhetaten

(?),

a fitting seat."

the land by his rising.

all

May

he grant the bounty of the good god, the daily ofTering tho Presence, that which

is

set out

on

in

tlie

a reception of that which he giveth and his food (?)."

Do thou grant departure in tho morning (//) ". from the Uiulcrworld to see Aten as he rises daily without .

.

ceasing." " For the

ka of the standard-bearer of the guild of

Nefer-kheperu-ra, Suti, iiuiaklioii, possessor of the good

Apy.

7.

.\

(lij

Ceiling (PI. xxxii.).' ItcUp

of

sclen

Truth every day.

the living Flawk

goil

of

the two

noble and beloved, living

in

May

be grant the smell of incense, the reception of ointment, a draught of water at the swirl of the stream,"

that which

it

and that

my

soul ho not debarred

fi-oiu

desires."

this

ignorant scribe. -

.

.

horizons (Ilorakhti)," a sign of

contain

e)

send the pleasant breezes of the norlh wind."

"

The

of

guerdon."

xxxvii.).''

'

the (Governor

Palace,

in

"

5.

the

and

for ever

entering the Presence

olTored in the Presence."

is

.

he grant a reception of loaves

.

(?)....

part of

(Right jamh)

(li)

which

(;/)

in Akhetat(!n."

temple of Aten." Grant ((/) "

of Akhetaten, N.,

tlie

(thy rays ?) emhrace thy son, the Son of the

(etc.).

he

called

iiuiaklicrii."

Jambs

first

May he

duration as Alen

(thy)

South and North

of

Governor

Lands, Nefertiti, living

rest in tho necropolis

Bestow

grant a good

reserved

(/) "

King, and the Queen). "

He was

him.

three Powers. " A dy hctcp Helen of the living Aten,"

May

(PI. xxxix).»

the

of

May

in his duration.

for

the great wife of the King, beloved of him,

.

Two

[she] give

Suti.

(!.

((/)

" For

.

.

ever.

(^*««*Anj;,vi.T;,^'-

'.. u-j-^^\

:j-

X

X X SI

a!

XII

SOUTHERN T0^ El Amarna

IV.

m ^$0fll^ c-*"'? **•'

.*S*^ ..^•^

.#^-

^^•1

JSP v^!?^^

^e;#

i

It

i^cale

5co/e-L

(S-GENERAL PLAN.

Plate

SS>^

k^

^?'

f g

^

m.. V

(

*""'

J'J'''

,i

1

!

OWNERS OF TOMBS. I

7

PAR

8

TUTU.

9

MAHU

10

APY

I

I

12

.

.

I

'

RA-MES NEKMT-PA-ATEN

I*

NEFERKMEPERUMER-SEKMtPER MAY

IS

SUTI.

10

SUTAU.

as

ANY.

94

PA-ATENEMMEO

as

AY.

la

I

.

1

;

XIII.

El Amarna

Plate XIV.

TOMB OF MAHU.

IV.

LONGITUDINAL SECTION, LOOKING WEST.

'-''

\

Chamber

1

El Amarna

IV.

MAHU NORTH THICKNESS.

THE ROYAL FAMILY WORSHIPPING ATEN. ScaU

i

Plate XV.

El Amarna

Soiile

IV.

MAHU NORTH END WALL.

THE STELA. \

Plate XVI.

El Amarna

MAHU BACK WALL,

IV.

N. SIDE.

Plate XVII.

k

Q Z < I < 5

El Amarna

IV.

MAHU-BACK WALL,

N.

SIDE.

Plate XVIII.

_l a.

u U I I(/)

h

> X




I < 2

El Amarna

IV.

MAHU-BACK^

THE ROYAL CHARIOT

Scale

I

^LL, S. SIDE.

:.AVING

THE TEMPLE.

Plate XX.

El Amarna

IV.

MAHU-SOUTH END WALL.

£L.a_[L-a. n.n

Plate XXI.

nn^n iiiinnnr

a

t

!

\

d

a

a.

Scale

(Complclioit of Scenes on

I'ls.

XX, XXtl).

El Amarna

IV.

Scale i

THE ROYAL

CI

•BACK /ALL.

S.

SIDE.

RIOT SSING THE SENTRIES.

Plate

XXII,

El Amarna

MAHU-SOUTH END WALL.

IV.

v///////y^;r^////////y/////yy^-^^^^^^

Plate XXI

y^

9j^

I I

1^

o

t

^1 ^=5='

i