THE MAMMALS OF TEXAS
Number Fifty-nine THE CORRIE HERRING HOOKS SERIES
THE MAMMALS BY IJAVm.K SCI :j ^H H \
OF TEX...
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THE MAMMALS OF TEXAS
Number Fifty-nine THE CORRIE HERRING HOOKS SERIES
THE MAMMALS BY IJAVm.K SCI :j ^H H \
OF TEXAS RevL*e3 Edition
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PRESS, AUSTIN
Publication of this book has been made possible in part by subsidies from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Wildlife Division, and by the Harvey Weil Sportsman Conservationist Award Trust. Copyright © 1994 by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Sixth edition (first University of Texas Press edition), copyright © 2004 by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to Permissions, University of Texas Press, Box 7819, Austin, TX 78713-7819. ©The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R1997) (Permanence of Paper). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schmidly, David J., 1943The mammals of Texas / David J. Schmidly.— Rev. ed. p. cm. — (The Corrie Herring Hooks series ; no. 59) Rev. ed. of: Mammals of Texas / William B. Davis. Rev. 1974. ISBN 0-292-70241-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Mammals—Texas. I. Davis, William B., 1902- Mammals of Texas. II. Title. III. Series. QL719.T4S345 2004 599'.09764—dc22 2003026430
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
XIII
\* u \< iv> f * "i H .ytr\ rs
XVII
I ! Y \ \ M . * M M > > -«
1
Diversity of Land Mammals
2
Geographic Distribution of Land MammaL
7
Mammals of the Barrier Islands of Texas
15
Diversity of Mammals in the Coital Waters and Gulf of Mexico
16
Historical Changes in the Texas Mammal Fauna
22
History of Mammalogy in Texas
30
Conservation Strategies
33
Key to the Major Groups (Orders) of Mammals in Texas
37
o**i M K i Hj H-» pfimi iMi in \ ,/_•$', )ssr,\\s /\\i> y i n
38
FamilyD'Mphidae (opossums)
38
Virginia Opossum, Didelphis virginiana
ORDER XENARTHRA (ARMADILLOS, SLOTHS, AND ALLIES) Family Dasypodidae (armadillos) Nine-banded Armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus
39
43 43 44
o u n i ^ K i x s i i i n v o K \ ( s i i K i - ; \ v s \ N I > M!j-;s)
49
A^y to the Insectivores of Texas
49
Family Soricidae (shrews)
50
Southern Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina carolinensis
50
Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina hylophaga
53
Least Shrew, Cryptotis parva
54
Desert Shrew, Notiosorex crawfordi
56
vi
THE MAMMALS OF TEXAS
Family Talpldae (molej)
58
Eastern Mole, Scalopus aquaticus
58
ORDER CHIROPTERA (BATS)
62
Key to the Bate of Texcu
63
Family Mormoopidae (mornioopu) bate)
Ghost-faced Bat, Mormoops megalophylla Family PhylLodtomidae (leaf-nod eo* bate)
Mexican Long-tongued Bat, Choeronycteris mexicana
66
66 69
69
Mexican Long-nosed Bat, Leptonycteris nival is
71
Hairy-legged Vampire Bat, Diphylla ecaudata
73
Family Vejpertltionidae (vedpertiiionu) bate)
74
Southeastern Myotis, Myotis austroriparius
75
California Myotis, Myotis californicus
77
Western Small-footed Myotis, Myotis ciliolabrum
79
Southwestern Little Brown Bat, Myotis occultus
81
Northern Long-eared Myotis, Myotis septentrional is
83
Fringed Myotis, Myotis thysanodes
84
Cave Myotis, Myotis velifer
86
Long-legged Myotis, Myotis volans
88
Yuma Myotis, Myotis yumanensis
90
Western Red Bat, Lasiurus blossevillii
92
Eastern Red Bat, Lasiurus borealis
93
Hoary Bat, Lasiurus cinereus
95
Southern Yellow Bat, Lasiurus ega
97
Northern Yellow Bat, Lasiurus intermedius
99
Seminole Bat, Lasiurus seminolus
101
Western Yellow Bat, Lasiurus xanthinus
102
Silver-haired Bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans
105
Western Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus Hesperus
106
Eastern Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus subflavus
108
Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus
110
Evening Bat, Nycticeius humeral is
112
Spotted Bat, Euderma maculatum
114
Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus rafinesquii
117
Townsend's Big-eared Bat, Corynorhinus townsendii
119
Pallid Bat, Antrozous pallidus
120
Family Molo^i^ae (free-tailed bate)
122
Brazilian Free-tailed Bat, Tadarida brasiliensis
123
Pocketed Free-tailed Bat, Nyctinomops femorosaccus
129
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
Big Free-tailed Bat, Nyctinomops macrotis
130
Western Mastiff Bat, Eumops perotis
1 33
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