The industrial reformation of English fiction: social discourse and narrative form, 1832-1867

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THE INDUSTRIAL REFORMATION OF ENGLISH FICTION Sacial Discourse and-Warrative Form . 1.8 32-1867 "

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C;!·a therine Gallag.h er

The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London

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Catherine Gallagher is associate professor of English at the Univers~ty of California, Berkeley.

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A portion of chapter 7 was first published in the Arizona Quarterly, Spring 1980, ©. 1980 by Arizona Quarterly. Portions of chapter 9 first appeared in R epresentations, no. 5, Winter 1984, ll 5--47, C J984 by The Regents of the University of California, and in Nineteenth Century Fiction 35, no. 3 (December 1980): 372-84, © 1980 by The Regents of the University of California . .Pef mission to reprint the · above is gratefully acknowledged .

The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 T he University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London @ 198? by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1985 Printed in the Un1ted States of America

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gallagher, Catherine. The industrial reformation of English fiction. Bibliography ~

p. Includes- index. I. English fiction-19th century-History and criticism. 2. lrldustry in literature. 3. Social problems in literature. 4. Free will and determinism in. literature. 5. Family in literature. 6. Politics in literature. L Title. PR878.I62G35 1985 823'.8'09355 84-16272 ISBN 0-226-27932-4

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T o my mother and father, Mary and John Sullivan

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Contents

Acknowledgments Introduction · Part One: Free Will versus Determitiism 1 Workers and Slaves: /the Rhetoric of Freedom in the Debate over Industrialism 2 The Providential Plot f ~.,t::Causality versus Conscience: 1The Problem of Form in Mary Barton 4 The Tailor Unraveled: The Unaccountable 'T' in Kingsley's Alton Locke: Tailor and Poet Part Two: The Family versus Society and Society~ The Rhetoric of Reconciliation in the Debate o:ver Industrialism ~v-tY,.,.,..Family and Socie,~: 3'he Tropes of Reconciliation in Popular Indu~trial Narratives . ~