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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
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ISBN 0-203-34060-4 (Adobe eReader Format)
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1
An Introduction to Transport Signs and an Overview of This Book Tim Horberry, Cándida Castro, Francisco Martos, and Patricie Mertova
CONTENTS
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1.1 INTRODUCTION 7UDQVSRUWVLJQVDUHXELTXLWRXVDTXLFNORRNDORQJDOPRVWDQ\KLJKZD\UDLOOLQHRU DLUSRUW UDPS ZLOO FRQÀ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
1
2
The Human Factors of Transport Signs
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1.1.1 WHAT IS
A
TRANSPORT SIGN?
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1.2 INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC SIGNS :LWKJUHDWHULQWHUQDWLRQDOWUDYHOE\URDGUDLORUDLUWKHGHVLUHLVXQGHUVWDQGDEO\WR DFKLHYHJUHDWHUFRQVLVWHQF\LQWKHUXOHVJRYHUQLQJWUDIÀFPRYHPHQW/RRNLQJSXUHO\ DW URDG WUDQVSRUW LQ (XURSH PHHWLQJV VXFK DV WKH &RQYHQWLRQ RQ 5RDG 6LJQV DQG 6LJQDOV KHOG LQ9LHQQD RQ 1RYHPEHU DQG VXEVHTXHQW DPHQGPHQWV WR WKH FRQYHQWLRQHJRQ1RYHPEHU KDYHWULHGWRDWWDLQVXFKXQLIRUPLW\8QLWHG 1DWLRQV (FRQRPLF &RPPLVVLRQ IRU (XURSH 7KH FRQWUDFWLQJ SDUWLHV LQ WKLV &RQYHQWLRQUHFRJQL]HWKDWLQWHUQDWLRQDOXQLIRUPLW\RIURDGVLJQVVLJQDOVV\PEROV DQGURDGPDUNLQJVLVQHFHVVDU\WRIDFLOLWDWHLQWHUQDWLRQDOURDGWUDIÀFDQGWRLQFUHDVH URDGVDIHW\ 7KH V\VWHP SUHVFULEHG DW WKLV &RQYHQWLRQ GLIIHUHQWLDWHV EHWZHHQ WKH IROORZLQJ FODVVHVRIURDGWUDIÀFVLJQV8QLWHG1DWLRQV(FRQRPLF&RPPLVVLRQIRU(XURSH
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An Introduction to Transport Signs and an Overview of This Book
3
FIGURE 1.1 6LJQLQJWKDWZDUQVRIWKHLQWHUVHFWLRQRIDURDGDQGUDLOZD\
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4
The Human Factors of Transport Signs
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1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF TRANSPORT SIGNS 7REHHIIHFWLYHVLJQVLQDOOWUDQVSRUWPRGDOLWLHVPXVWDWWKH YHU\OHDVWEHQRWLFHG FRPSUHKHQGHGDQGIROORZHGRULQRWKHUZRUGVVHHQXQGHUVWRRGDQGKHHGHGVHH &KDSWHUIRUDPRUHGHWDLOHGDQDO\VLV ,QVRPHFDVHVSRRUDFTXLVLWLRQDQGLQWHU SUHWDWLRQRIWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQYH\HGE\WUDIÀFVLJQVFDQLQFUHDVHDFFLGHQWV+RUE HUU\ KRZHYHUEHWWHUFRQIRUPLW\WRWUDIÀ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ÀQHG YLVXDO FRQVSLFXLW\ DV WKH FRPELQDWLRQ RI SURSHUWLHVRIDYLVLEOHREMHFWLQLWVEDFNJURXQGWKDWDWWUDFWVDWWHQWLRQYLDWKHYLVXDO V\VWHPDQGLVVHHQDVDFRQVHTXHQFH&ROHDQG-HQNLQV DQG&ROHDQG+XJKHV UHGHÀQHG FRQVSLFXLW\ RI WKH VLJQ DV WKH SUREDELOLW\ WKDW WKH VLJQ ZLOO EH QRWLFHGE\DQREVHUYHUZLWKLQDÀ[HGWLPHRUFRQYHUVHO\DVWKHWLPHWKDWDQREVHUYHU QHHGVWRQRWLFHWKHVLJQ/RRNLQJIXUWKHUDWWKHLVVXHRIYLVLRQDQGDWWHQWLRQ+XJKHV DQG&ROH VWDWHGWKDWGULYHUV·YLVXDODWWHQWLRQLVRIWHQDWWUDFWHGE\DGYHUWLVH PHQWVDQGE\RWKHU´LUUHOHYDQWµREMHFWVLQWKRVHVHFWLRQVRIWKHURXWHZKHUHDGYHU WLVLQJIUHTXHQF\LVORZ:KHQDQDO\]LQJWKHH\HPRYHPHQWGDWD RQO\DERXWWR RI GULYHUV· À[DWLRQV DUH IRFXVHG RQ WKH WUDIÀF GHYLFHV 6LPLODUO\ +RUEHUU\ IRXQG WKDW IRU YDULRXV ZDUQLQJ DQG LQIRUPDWLRQ VLJQV WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI GULYHUVZKRDFWXDOO\ORRNHGDWWKHVHVLJQVZDVDVORZDVDQGHYHQIRUWKHEHVW VLJQRQO\DSSUR[LPDWHO\ 7KHUHIRUHLWLVQRWFHUWDLQWKDWGULYHUVQRWLFHDOORU HYHQPRVWWUDIÀFGHYLFHV
An Introduction to Transport Signs and an Overview of This Book
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The Human Factors of Transport Signs
Anglo-Saxon and Spanish version of obligatory direction sign
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1.4.1 WARNING
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The Human Factors of Transport Signs
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An Introduction to Transport Signs and an Overview of This Book
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The Human Factors of Transport Signs
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Design of Traffic Signs
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The Human Factors of Transport Signs
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Design of Traffic Signs
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