The Harmonic Mind: From Neural Computation to Optimality-Theoretic GrammarVolume I: Cognitive Architecture (Bradford Books)

Now

AVAILABLE

IN

PAPERBACK

ADAPTINGMINDS EvoLUTIoNARY PsYcHoLoGY ANo THE PERSISTENT QuesT FoR HUMAN NATURE

David

I. Buller

EVOLUTIONIN FOUR DIMENSIONS G E N E T I C , E P I G E N E T I CB , EHAVIoRAL, AND S Y M B o L I C V A R I A T | o NI N T H E H I s T o R Y o F L I F E

Eva /ablonka and Marion /. Lamb

Was human nature designedby natural selectionin the pleistoceneepoch?The dominantview in evolutionarypsychologr holds that it was - that our psychologicaladaptaiions were designedtens of thousandsofvears ago to solveproblems

we cannotapply evolutionarvtheory to hu_ man psychologr,says eulter,but thlt the conventionalwisdom in evolutionarypsy_ chologzis misguided. In.thecarefullyarguedcentral chapcersof Adapting Minds, Buller scrutinizej severalof evolutionarypsycholory'smost highlypubli_ clzeo"olscoveries," and showsthat noneis actuallysupportedby the evidence. Buller arguesthat our minds, like the im_

Ideasabout heredityand evolution are undeigoing a revolutionarychahge. New findingsin molecular biologychallengethe gene-centered versionof Darwinian theoryaccording to which adaptation occursonly through natural selectionof chanceDNAvariations. ln Evolution in Four Dimensions Eva lablonka and Marion Lambarguethat thereis more to hereditythan genes.Theytracefour ,,dimen_ sions" in evolution- four inheritancesys_ tems that play a role in evolution:genetic, epigenetic(or non-DNAcellular traismission of traits), behavioral,and symbolic(transmis_ sion through languageand other foims of symboliccommunication). Thesesystems, they argue,can all providevariationson which natural seleclion can act.Evolutton in

After discussingeachof the four inheritance

not only the quest for human naturebut the very idea of human nature itself.

A BradfordBook Apnl2006- SS2pp.- paper0-262-52460-O (cloth 2005)

Coverdrawing by Miriam Dym

chapterendswith a dialoguein which the authors engagethe contrarietiesof the fic',t.M.," tional (and skeptical) or Ifcha Mistabra - Aramaicfor ,,theoppositeconjec- refiningtheir argumentsagainst !qrj" I.M.'svigorouscounterarguments. 'Another valuable perspective to the discuss.ion.. .,. Iifound it relfreshingto read a science grg.g,/E1L,gs book that is a consciousatiempt at good Iiterature. " - MassimoPigliucci,Nature A BradfordBook 2Oo5- 472 pp.- 6J illus. - gs4.g\tlz2,gs o-262-rOt07-6 Llfe.and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biologt and Psychologt series

NOYYAVAILABLEIN PAPERBACK

NEW

S E M A N T I CC O G N I T I O N

T H E H A R M O N I CM I N D

A PARALLEL

DISTRIBUTED

PROCESSING

APPROACH

Timothy T. Rogers and /ames L. lvlcclelland This groundbreaking monographoffersa mechanistictheory of the representation and use of semantic knowledge,integrating the strengths and overcoming manv of the weakof hierarchiness-es cal, categorizationbasedapproaches, similariW-based approaclies,and the approachoften called "iheory theory."Buildingon earliermodels bv CeoffrevHinton in the 1980sand David n"umelharlin the early 1990s,the authors

FRoM NEURAL

COMPUTATION

TO OPTIMALITY.

THEORETIC GRAMMAR VOLUME I: COGNITIVE VoLUME

II: LINGUISTIC

ARCHITECTURE AND PHILOSOPHICAL

IMPLICATIONS

Paul Smolenskv and Gdraldine Legendre

Despitetheir apparentlydivergent accountsot higher cognition, cognitivetheoriesbasedon neuralcomputation and those employingsymbolic computation can in fact strengthenone another.To substantiatethis controversial claim,this landmark work developsin dePth a cognitivearchitecturebased in neuralcomputationbut supportingformally inexplicithigher-levelsymbolicdescriptions, cludingnew grammarformalisms. Oetailedstudiesin both phonolory and syntax providearguments that these grammaticalcheoamongthem.Seman- iies and thtir neural network realizationsenweightedconnections tic knowledgeis acquiredthroughthe, gradual adjustmentof the strengthsof theseconnectionsin the courseof day-today experience. The authors show how a simplecomputational model proposedby Rumelhartexhibits a progressivedifferentiationof concepalso given propertreatment. tual knowledge,parallelingaspectsof cognitivedevelopmentseenin the work of The work is made accessibleto scholarsin differFrank Keil and fean Mandler.The authors ent fields of cognitive sciencethrough tutorial extendthe modelto addressaspectsof chaptersand numerous expositoryboxesprovidin inconceptualknowledgeacquisition disciplines. und material from severaldisciplines rngbackground lng fancy,disintegrationof conceptualknowlnxlampleicommon to different chaptersfacilitate edgein dementia,"basic-level"effectsand the transitionfrom more basicto moresophistitheir interactionwith expertise,and many catedtreatments.Details of method,formalism, findings introducedto supportthe idea and foundationare presentedin later chapters, that semanticcognitionis guidedby naive, offeringa wealth of-newresultsto specialistsin theories. domain-specific psycholinguistics, language acquisition, theoretiiai linguistics,computationallinguistics,compuBradford Book A connectionistmodeling, March2006 - 448 pp.- 56 illus. - paper tationtl neuroscience, and philosophyof mind. s28.00t8r8.95 o-262-68157-9 A BradfordBook (Cloth 2oo4) 2005 - Volume I - eo4pp.- $55.00/t35.e5 0-262-19526-7 Volumell - 896 p p.- g55.ool tTs.e5 0-262-19527-5 2-volumeset - 18oopp.- $100.001t63.95 0-262-t9528-3

CocurTroNANDPsycHoLocy NEW

P S Y C H I A T R YI N T H E S C I E N T I F I CI M A G E Dominic Murphv

B R A I NF I C T I O N S E L F . D E C E P T I o NA N D T H E R I D D L E o F CoNFABULATIoN

William lfirstein Someneurologic_al patientsexhibit a striking tendencyto confabulate- to constructfalsd

mentalillness,what is mentalabout it? examinesconfabulationand arguesthat its causesare not merelytechnical-issues in neu_ rologyor cognitivesciencebut deeplyrevealing about the structureof the humanihiellect. Hirsteindescribes confabulationas the failureof a

causalstructureof the normalmind. 2OO5-400pp.-Jiilus. $35.Oot822.9s 0-262-13455-r Ph i Iosop h ic aI psy ch opa t hoIogt : Disord.ers i n Mind series

about the distributionof certainbloodvesselsin the prefrontallobesof the brain, for example,or the behaviorof split-brain-patients cansh^ed light of philosophy of mind] 9n Jhgclassicquestions includingquestionsaboutthe funftidn of consciousness. This first book-lengthstudvof con_ fabulation breaksground in bJrh philoiophy and cognitivescience. A BradfordBook 2OO5- 288 pp. - 16 illus.- gr5.0o/[2z.ss o-262-08338-8 Phi Io,sop h i caI fsyc hop ath oIogt : Di sorders i n Mtnd series

WHEN SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS BREAKS A L I E N V o I c E s A N o I N s E R T E DT H o U G H T S

In this book, G. Lynn stephensand GeorgeGrahamexamineverbalhallucinations and thought insertion as examplesof alienat"edself-consiiournesr,in which a subjectis directlyor introspectivelyaware of an ep.isode in his or her *"ntui tG uut e*peiien..i-ii'ur alien- as somehowattributable to anoiherperson. A BradfordBook 2OO3- 212 pp.- paper- g2O.OOlEtZ.9S 0-262-69284-8 (Cloth2000) Philosophical psychopathologt: Disord.ers in Mind series

HOWTHE MIND EXPLAINSBEHAVIOR FoLK

ExPLANATIONS,

MEANING,

AND SOCIAL

INTERACTION

Bertram E lfialle as having-a explanations behavior Malledescribes Bertram monograph, In thisprovocative theoa comprehensive andsocialacts- andproposes dualnaiure- as beingbothcognitive

puzzlingtruman ro unoers[anq understandpvzzltng,trullralr try'to Wnen peopletry inte/ratesthe two aspects.When that integrates reticalmodelthat behavior,they construit behaviorexplanations,which are a fundamentaltool of socialcogniovert are also also overt mind:Iney mind; they they are in tne the filflO; ri^n But, Rur Malle Maileargues, arsrres,behavior behavior exnlanations onlv ln only exist not exist not only explanations behaviorexplanations tion. verbal actions used for social purpo3es. When people explain their own behavior or the behav-

ior of others,they are using the explanationto managea socialinteraction-- byoffering clarification,trying to savJface,of castingblame.Malle's accountmakesclearwhy these.two aspecrsof behavioi explanationexist and why they are closely.linked;along the way, he illustrates the astonishingiy sophisticatedand subtle patterns of folk behavior explanations.

future researchapplications. A BradfordBook 2004- 328 pp. 0-262-13445-4

- $38.00/€24.95 HonorableMention in Psychologr,2002, AAP/PSPAwards

INTENTIONSAND INTENTIONALITY FoUNDATIONS

OF SOCIAL COGNITION

edited by Bertram E Malle, Louis /. Moses, and Dare A. Baldwin Foreword bv lerome S. Bruner Socialinteractionrequiressocialcognition - the abiliry to perceive,interpret,and explainthe actionsof others.This ability relieson the conceptsof intentionand intentionality.Forexample,peopledistinguish sharplybetweenintentionaland unintentional behavior;identiff the intentionsunderlyingthe behaviorof others;explain completedactionswith referenceto intentions,beliefs,and desires;and evaluatethe socialworth of actionsusing the conceptsof intentionalityand responsibiliry. In tentions and In ten tional i t1thighlights the rolestheseconceptsplay in social cognition.Taking an interdisciplinary approach,it offerscutting-edgework from researchers in cognitive,developmental, and socialpsychologrand in philosophy, primatologr,and law. It includesboth conceptualand empiricalcontributions. A BradfordBook 2OO3- 433 pp. $ 3 o . o o /1€9 . 9 5 0-262-63267-5 (Cloth2001)

23 illus. -

Paper

E M O T I O N A LI N T E L L I G E N C E SCIENCE

AND MYTH

Gerald Matthews, Moshe Zeidnef and Richqrd D. Iloberts Emotional intelligence(EI) is one of the most widely discussedtopicsin current psychologr. the t6rm "emotionalintelligence"refersto the ability to identify,exptess,and understandemotions; to assimilateemotionsinto thought;and to regulateboth positiveand negativeemotions in oneselfand others.Yetdespitethe flourishing researchprogramsand broadpopularinterest, scientificevidencefor a clearlyidentifiedconstruct of EI is sparse. This book offers a comprehensivecritical review of EI. It examinescurrentthinking on the nature, of and consequences components,determinants, EI, and it evaluatesthe state of the art in El and applications. theory research,assessment, The book highlights the extent to which empirical evidencesupportsEl as a valid constructand debunkssomeof the more extravagantclaims that appearin the popular media. Finally,the book efaminesthe potentialuse of EI to guide practicalinterventionsin variousclinical,occupational,and educationalsettings. A BradfordBook 2OO4- 72Opp.$30.oo18r9.95 0-262-63296-9 (Cloth2002)

29 illus. -

Paper

CocrvrTroN ANDPsycnolocy MIND I N T R o D U C T I o NT o C o e I I r I v E SEcoND EDITIoN

scIENcE

THE RATIONAL IMAGINATION How PEoPLE CREATEALTERNATIVES To REALITY

PauI T-hagard

nuth M. I. Evrne Cognitivescienceapproachesthe study of mind and intelligencefrom an interdisciplinaryperThe human imaginationremainsone of the spective,working at the intersectionof philoso- last unchartedterrainsof the mind. This phy, psycholog/,artificial intelligence,neuroaccessibleand original monographexplores science,linguistics,and anthropologr.With a centralaspectof the imagination,the Mind, PaulThagardoffers an introductionto creationof counterfactualalternativesto this interdisciplinaryfield for readerswho come reality,and claimsthat imaginativethoughts to the subjectwith very different backgrounds. are guidedby the sameprinciplesthat underIt is suitablefor classroomuse by studentswith lie rational thoughts.Researchhas shown interestsrangingfrom computerscienceand that rational thought is moreimaginative engineeringto psychologzand philosophy. than cognitivescientistshad supposed;in TheRational Imagination, Ruth ByrnearThagard'ssystematicdescriptionsand evaluations of the main theoriesof mental representa- gues that imaginativethought is morerational than scientistshaveimagined. tion advancedby cognitivescientistsallow students to seethat there are many complementary Peopleoften createalternativesto reality and approachesto the investigationof mind. The imaginehow eventsmight haveturnedout fundamentaltheoreticalperspectives he describes "if only" somethinghad beendifferent.Byrne include logic,rules,concepts,analogies,images, exploresthe "fault lines" of reality,the asand connections(artificialneural networks).The pectsof reality that are morereadilychanged discussionof thesetheoriesprovidesan intein imaginativethoughts.Shefinds that our grated view of the different achievementsof the tendenciesto imaginealternativesto actions, various fields of cognitivescience. controllableevents,sociallyunacceptable This secondeditionincludessubstantialrevision actions,causaland enablingrelations,and eventsthat comelast in a temporalsequence and new material.PartI, which presentsthe providecluesto the cognitiveprocesses upon different theoreticalapproaches,has beenupwhich the counterfactualimaginationdedated in light of recentwork in the field. part II, pends.The explanationof theseprocesses, which treats extensionsto cognitive science,has Byrneargues,restson the idea that imaginabeen thoroughly revised,with new chapters addedon brains,emotions,and consciousness. tive thought and rationalthoughthavemuch in common. Other additionsincludea list of relevantWeb sites at the endof each chapter and a glossaryat A BradfordBook the end of the book.As in the first edition, each 2005- 472 pp.- 4 illus.- $34.0OtL2t.95 chapterconcludeswith a summaryand suggeso-262-02584-r tions for further reading. A BradfordBook IMAGINATION AND THE 2oos - 280 pp. - 29 illus. - paper M E A N I N G F U L BRAIN $3O.OO/9.r9.e5 Arnold H. Modell o-262-70rcq-x

E

The ultimate goal of the cognitivesciences is to understandhow the brain works how it turns "matter into imagination."In MIND READINGS Imagination and the MeaninglfulBrain, I N T R O D U C T o R YS E L E C T I o N S o N C o G N I T I V E S c I E N c E psychoanalystArnold Modellclaimsthat edited b.v Paul Thagard subjectivehuman experience must be includedin any scientificexplanationof how 7998- paper- $30.00/f,19.9b the mind/brainworks. Contraryto current 0-262-70067-o attemptsto describemental functioningas B a form of computation,his view is that-the constructionof meaningis not the sameas C O H E R E N C EI N T H O U G H T information processing.The intrapsychic AND ACTION complexitiesof human psychologr,as Paul Thagard observedthrough introspectionand empathic knowledgeof other minds,must be A Bradford Book 2OO2- 328 pp.- 33 illus.- paper- g25.@/816.95 addedto the third-personperspective of o-262-70092-l cognitivepsychologyand neuroscience. (Cloth 2000) A BradfordBook L!,fe-andMind: Philosophical Issues in Biologt 2OO3- 272 pp.- 5 illus.- $35.OO1f.22.95 and Psychologt series o-262-13425-X Also Available:

CocutTroN.

PsWt

FROMMONKEY BRAINTO H U M A NB R A I N

PERSPECTIVESON IMITATION

A FYSSENFoUNDATIoNSYMPoSIUM

V O L U M EI : M E C H A N I S M SO F I M I T A T I O NA N D I M I T A T I O NI N A N I M A L S

edited by Stanislas Dehaene, Jean-Reni Duhamel, Marc D. Ifquser and GiacomoRizzolatti The extraordinarv overlapbetween human and chimpanzeegenomes doesnot result in an equaloverlap betweenhuman and chimpanzee thoughts,sensations, perceptions, and emotions;there are considerable similaritiesbut also considerabledifferencesbetweenhuman and nonhuman primate brains.FromMonkqt Brain to Human Brain uses the latest findings in cogxitive psychology,comparativebiolory, and neuroscience to look at the complex patternsof convergenceand divergencein primate cortical organizationand function. Severalchaptersexaminethe use of modern technologies to studyprimatebrains,analyzing the potentialsand the limitations of neuroimagingas well as geneticand computationalapproaches. Thesemethods, which can be appliedidenticallyacross differentspeciesof primates,help to highlight the p-aradox of nonlinearprimate" evolution- the fact that major changesin brain sizeand functional complexityresulted from small changesin the genome. Otherchaptersidenti$rplausibleanalogsor homologsin nonhumanprimatesfor such human cognitivefunctionsas arithmetic, reading,theoryof mind, and altruism; examinethe role of parietofrontalcircuits in the productionand comprehension of actions; analyzethe contributionsof the prefrontaland cingulatecorticesto cognitive control; and exploreto what extent visual recognitionand visual attention are relatedin humansand other primates. Contributors: C. Amiez, N. Barraclough,E. M. Brannon, G. Buccino, I. P Changeux,S. Dehaene,f, R Duhamel, l. C. c6mez, S. Ben Hamed,M. D. Hauser,I. J. Hubtin, A. Irikt, T. fellema, I. p Joseph,N. Kanwlsher, Z. t(o\ftZi, N. K. Logothetis,E. N. Lorlncz,c. Luppino, E. McKone, E. K. Miller, A. Nleder,D. Itrrett, M. petrides, E. procyk, G. Rizzolatti, f. R. Stevens,M. TanifuJi, K. Tsunoda, D. C. Van Essen, C. Wardak, D. xiao, y. yamane, K. Zilles

A BradfordBook 2005- 4O8pp.- 91 illus.,t6 pagecolorinsert $55.00/ff5.95 o-262-04223-1

F R O MN E u R o s c I E N C E T o S o c I A L S C I E N C E

VoLUME 2: lMrrATroN, HUMAN DEVELoPMENT, AND CULTURE

edited bv Susan Hurley and Nick Chater Imitationis not the lowlevel,cognitivelyundemandingbehaviorit is often assumedto be,but - along with languageand the ability to understandother minds- is one of a trio of relatedcapacitiesthat are fundamentalto human mentality.In theselandmark volumes,leading researchersacrossa range of disciplinesprovidea state-of-the-art view of imitation,integratingthe latest findings and theorieswith reviewsof semi, nal work, and revealingwhy imitation is a topic of suchintensecurrentscientificinterest. Perspectivesare drawn from neuroscience and brain imaging,animal and developmentalpsycholory, primatologr,ethologr, philosophy,anthropolory, mediastudies,economics, sociolory,education, and law Thesevolumesprovidea resourcethat makesthis researchaccessible acrossdisciplines and clarifies its importancefor the social sciencesand philosophyas well as for the cognitive sciences.As a further aidto cross-fertilization, eachvolume includesextensiveinterdisciplinary commentaryand discussion. The first volume considerspossiblemechanisms of imitation, including discussionof mirror systems,ideomotorand commoncodingtheories,and the possibilityof "sharedcircuits" for control,imitation, and simulation,and then takesup imitation in animals,with illuminating comparisonsto human imitation. The second volumefocusesfirst on the rolesof imitation in human developmentand in learningto understand the minds of others,and then on the broadersocial and cultural rolesand functions of imitation, including discussionsof meme theory and cultural evolution,and of the pervasive imitative tendenciesof normal adults and their relevancefor understandingthe effectsof the mediaon human behavior. A BradfordBook 2005- Two VolumeSet- lO24 pp.- 4O illus. Paper- $7O.OO/L45.95 o-262-58252-X Volume| - 456 pp. - 26 illus. - paper $3s.00/t22.e5 0-262-58250-3 Volume2 - 568 pp. - 14 illus. - paper $40.0O1L25.95 0-262-58251-r

2..

CocurTroNANDPsrrcHot.,ocy T H EB I G B O O KO F CONCEPTS Gregorv L. Murplw Conceptsembodyour knowledgeof the kinds of things there are in the world. Tying our past experiencesfo our presentinteractions with the environment, they enableus to recognize and understand new objectsand events. Conceptsare also relevant to understanding domainssuch as social situations,personality types,and even artistic styles.yet like other phenomenologically simplecognitive processessuch as walking or understanding speech,conceptformation and use are maddeninglycomplex. Researchsince the l97Os and the declineof the "classicalview" of conceptshave greatly illuminated the psychologrof concepts.But persistenttheoreticaldisputeshave sometimes obscuredthis progress.TheBig Book oJ Conceptsgoes beyond those disputes to revealthe advancesthat have beenmade, focusingon the major empiricaldiscoveries. "Superb . . . .This is gotng to be the classic text in thelfield.lfor a very long time." - Paul Bloom, Nature A BradfordBook 2004 - 568 pp. - 16 illus. - paper $25.00/Lr6.95 o-262-63299-3 (Cloth2oo2)

B

THE NEWPHRENOLOGY THE LIM|TS oF LocALIzING CoGNITIVE PRocEssEs !N THE BRAIN

IUilliam

R. ttttal

William Uttal is concernedthat in an effort to proveitself a hard science,psychologrmay have thrown awayone of its most important methodologicaltools- a critical analysisof the fundamentalassumptionsthat underlie day-to-dayempiricalresearch.In this book Uttal addresses the questionof localization: processes whetherpsychological can be defined and isolatedin a way that permitsthem to be associatedwith particularbrain regions. NeWnoninvasiveimagingtechnologiesallow us to observethe brain while it is activelyengagedin mentalactivities.Uttal cautions, however,that the excitementof thesenew researchtoolscan lead to a neuroreductionist wild goosechase.With more and morecognitive neuroscientific data forthcoming,it becomescriticalto questiontheir limitations as well as their potential.Uttal reviewsthe history of localizationtheory,presentsthe difficulties of definingcognitivepiocesses,and examines the conceptualand technicaldifficultiesthat should makeus cautiousabout falling victim to what may be a "neo-phrenological" fad. A BradfordBook 20OS- 275 pp.- 18 illus. - paper $25.OOtL16.95 o-262-7r010-2 (Cloth 2O0r) Llfe and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biologt and Psychologt series

FOUNDATIONSOF COGNITIVEPSYCHOLOGY CoRE

READINGS

THE MIT ENCYCLOPEDIA O F edited bv Daniel r. Levitin This anthologris basedon the assumption T H E C O G N I T I V ES C I E N C E S that cognitivepsycholoryis at heart empirical edited by Robert A. Wilson and philosophy.Many of the corequestionsabout Frank C. Keil fhought, language,perception,memory,and knowledgeof otherpeople'sminds werefor "This mqjor work is an impressive and excenturiesthe domainof philosophy.The book tremely uselful volume which stands cs an ou ts tanding con t ri bu tion to thejfur theri ng oJ beginswith the philosophicalfoundationsof cognitiue science because o1fits accessibili0/, inquiry into the narureof mind and thought, in particularthe writings of Descartes, and comprehenstvenessand scope." - Paul Rogers,/ournal oJConsciousness then coversthe principal topics of cognitive psychologuincluding memory, attention, and, Studies decisionmaking. The contributorsinclude A BradfordBook DanielDennett,DanielKahneman,fay 2 O 0 l - 1 1 0 4p p . - 1 0 0 i l l u s .- p a p e r McClelland,DonaldNorman,MichaelPosner, $75.00/848.95 StephenPalmer,EleanorRosch,fohn Searle, o-262-73t44-4 RogerShepard,and Anne Treisman. (Cloth 1999) A BradfordBook 2oO2- 832 pp.- 189 illus. - paper $52.00t833.e5 o-262-62159-2

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iii

CocntTIoNANDPsvcnolocY E C O N O M I CT H E O R YA N D C O G N I T I V ES C I E N C E MIcROEXPLANATION

Don Ross

deridedby advocatesof behavioralor evolutionaryeconomics'

the explanationsof cognitivescience.

years!" -R. TaylorColeProfessorof Philosophy,Duke University Alex Rosenberg, A BradfordBook 2005- 38a pp.- 5 illus.- $45.001L2e.95 o-262-r8246-7

P R E F E R E N C EB. E L I E F ,A N D S I M I L A R I T Y g E L E C T E DW R I T I N G S

Amos TTersky edited bv Eldar Shgftr

This book collectsforty of Tversky'sarticles,selectedby him in collaborationwith the editor during the last month; of Tversky'slife. It is divided inio three sections:Similarity,fldgment, sectionis subdividedinto ProbabilisticModelsof Choice, The Preferences and pieferences. Includedare severalarticles ChoiceunderRisk and Uncertainty,and ContingentPreferences. NobelPrize-winningeconomistDanielKahneman. written with his frequentcollabor-ator, A Bradford Book 2OOs- S50 pp.o-262-70093-X

158 illus.-

paper-

$60.00/038.95

CocurTroNANDPsvcHoLocY T H E G E N E S I SO F A N I M A LP L A Y T E S T I N GT H E L I M I T s

Gordon M. Burghardt Foreword bv Brian Sutton-Smith ln The GenesisoJAnimal elay, Gordon Burghardtexaminesthe origins and evolution of play in humansand animals.He asks what play might mean in our understandingof evolution,the brain, behavioral organization, and psychology. Using the comparativeperspectives of ethologr and psycholog, The GenesisoJ Animal Play goesfurther than otherstudies in reviewingthe evidenceof play throughoutthe animal kingdom,from human babiesto animalsnot usuallyconsideredplayful.PartI offersa detailed discussionof play in placentalmammals (includingchildren)and developsan integrative frameworkcalled surphis resource theory.The heart of the book, however,and perhapsthe most controversialsection,lies in the sevenchaptersin part II in which Burghardtpresentsevidenceof playfulness in suchunexpected groupsof animalsas marsupials,birds, reptiles,and "FishThat Leap,luggle,and Tease."Burghardtconcludesby consideringthe implicationsof the diversityof play for future research, and suggeststhat understandingthe origin and development of play can shapeour view of societyand its accomplishments through history. "The Genesisof Animal plav is the most comprehensiveand itluminiting ffirt to come to terms with this enigmatic topic." - BerndHeinrich,Nature A BradfordBook

THE MATHEMATICS OF MARRIAGE D Y N A M I c N o N L I N E A RM o D E L s

/ohn M. Gottman, James D. Murray, Catherine SwAnson, Rebecca TStson,and Kristin R. Swanson The Math emat ics oJMari age providesthe foundationfor a scientifictheory of marital relations.The bookdoesnot rely on metaphors,but develops and appliesa mathematicalmodelusingdifferenceequations.Thework is the fulfillment of thegoal to build a mathematical framework for the generalsystem theoryof familiesfirst suggestedby LudwigVonBertalanf$zin the 1960s. The book also presentsa completeintroduction to the mathematicsinvolvedin theorybuilding and testing, and detailsthe developmentof experimentsand models.Applyingideassuch as phasespace,null clines,influencefunctions, inertia, and uninfluencedand influencedstable steadystates (attractors),the authorsshow how other researchers can use the methodsto weigh their own data with positiveand negative weights.While the focusis on modelingmarriage, the techniquescan be appliedto other typesof psychologicalphenomenaas well. "The theory's attractiveness is hard to deny. It neatb/ presents marriage as a processboth mathematical and unpredictable,both stable and prone to catastrophe. Even the /ohn Nash character in A Beautiful Mind would have to agree love is like that." - fordan Ellenberg,Slate

-46 iuus. - g5o.ootl32.e5 ir?fry#ffi:?og1lg8pp: 0-262-02543-4

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0_262_57230_3 (Cloth2oo2)

AGEISM STEREoTYPING A N D P R E J U D I C EA G A I N s T o l o e n

PERsoNs

edited bv Todd D. Nelson Along w_ith.race and gender,peoplecommonly use age to categorize- and stereorypeothers.Of the threecategories,ageis the only one iil which tfie membersof the inljroup lthe yo.ung)will eventuallyjoin the out-group(the old). Although ageismis found crosJculruratty, it is esp€ciallyprevalentin the United States,wh6re most feopIe regardgrowing olderwith " depression,!tur, and anxiety.older peoplein the United statei are Itigm-itizedInd marginalized,with often devastatingconsequences. This volume presentsthe current thinking on age stereotyping,prejudice,and discrimination by researchers.in gerontology,psychology,socioilogr,and-iommunication.The book presents theoreticaland empiricalfindings on the origins and effectsof ageism,as well as suggestions on how to reduceageismfor the approaching.graying of Americ-a." A BradfordBook 2004- 384 pp.- 5 illus. - paper- gz6.OOlEr6.9S o-262-64057-O (cloth 2002)

CocrvrTroN ANDPsycnolocy Now

AVAILABLE

IN PAPERBAGK

NEW

THE PSYCHOLOGYOF ART AND THE EVOLUTIONOF THE CONSCIOUSBRAIN Robert L. Solso ll. I\q,[,jry,, J A.l ,,,,]

How did the humanbrain rL"|*Lt.^ J tl. c,-..* t1,.,,. evolveso that art and an appreciationof art could develop?ln ThePsychologt oJ,trt and the tvilutton6J the ConsciousBrain, Robert Solsodescribeshow a consciousnessthat evolvedfor other purposesperceives and createsart. Drawingon his earlierbookCognitionand the VisualArts and ten yearsof new findings in cognitiveresearch(iirswell as new ideai in anthropologrand art history),Solsoshowsthat consciousness developed gradually,with distinct componentsthat evolvedovertime.Oneof these components is an adaptiveconsciousness that includesthe ability to imagineobjectsthat are not presenf an ability that allowsus to create (andperceive) visual art. Solsodescribesthe neurological,perceptual,and cognitivesequencethat occurswhen we view art, and the often inexpressible effectthat a work of

poratespersonalhistoryand knowledge- the entireset ofour expectations and pasCexperiences.Both forms of perceptionarepart of the appreciationofart, and both are productsofthe evolutionof the consciousbrain over hundredsof thousandsofyears. A BradfordBook 2005- 304 pp. - 24 color,114 b & w illus. Paper- $25.OO1L16.95 o-262-69332-l (Cloth2003)

EVOLUTION AND CULTURE A FYSSENFoUNDATIoN SYMPoSIUM

edited by Stephen Pierre laisson

A BradfordBook 20Ol - 512 pp.- 79 illus.o-262-73143-6 (Cloth reeg)

searchersin their fields,draw on the cognitive sciences- including linguistics,developmentalpsycholory,and cognition- to developconceptualand methodologicaltools for understandingthe interactionoTculture and genome.Theygo beyond1fis"[6y7" the questionsof behavioralmechanisms to addressthe "why" - the evolutionary origin of our psychologicalfunctioning. What was the "X-factor,"the magicingredient of culture- the elementthat took humans out of the generalrun of mammals and other highly socialorganisms? Severalessaysidentiff specificbehavioral and functionalfactorsthat couldaccountfor humanculture,includingthe capacityfor "mind reading"that underliessocialand culturallearningand the natureof morality and inhibitions,while othersemphasize multiplepartiallyindependentfactorsplanning,technologr,learning,and language. TheX-fhctoCtheseessayssuggest,is a setof cognitiveadaptationsfor culture. A BradfordBook 2005- SOapp. - 36 illus. - paper fi35.OjtL22.95 o-262-62t97-5 Cloth- $75.oo1L48.95 0-262-12278-2

Merke4 and Steven Brown

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Biologicaland cultural processes have evolvedtogether,in a symbioticspiral; they are now indissolublylinked, with human survivalunlikelywiihout suchculturally producedaidsas clothing,cookedfood,Lnd

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Diane McGuinness

McGuinnessshowsthat all writing systems,without exception,are basedon a soundunit in the language.This fact, and other findings by paleographers, providesa platformfor the prototype.other elementsof the prototypeare 6a-sed oi moderniesearch.

"The task od,reviewilg reading-instruction researchis daunting and McGuinness's ffirts are admirable. . . . Her comprehensive analysis has tejtlfew tf dny stones unturned.; - Gale A. Mentzer,Education Review A Bradford Book March 2006- B9o pp. - 1 illus. - paper- $t8.ooltll.gs o-262-63335-3 (Cloth2OO4\

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edited bl D. Geolffrelt Hall and AND THOUGHT Sandra R. Waxman edited by Dedre Gentner and Susan The studies in Weavtnga Lexicon make a Goldin-Meadow significantcontributionto the growing The idea that the languagewe speakinfluences field of lexical acquisitionby considering the way we think has evokedperennialfascina- the multidimensionalway in which infants and children acquirethe lexiconof their Accordingto the tion and intensecontroversy. native language.They examinethe many strongversionof this hypothesis,calledthe strandsof knowledgeand skill - including Sapir-Whorfhypothesisafter the American perceptualsensitivities,conceptualand linguists who propoundedit,languagesvary in their semanticpartitioningof the world, and the semanticconstraints,and communicative - that childrenmust weavetogether structureof one'slanguageinfluenceshow one intent understandsthe world. Thus speakersof differ- in the processof word learning,and show the different mix of thesefactorsused at ent languagesperceivethe world differently. different developmentalpoints.ln considerAlthough the last two decadeshave beenmarked ing the many differentfactorsat work, the possible the concerning skepticism by extreme contributors avoid both the "either-or" recent theoretical ei'fectsof languageon thought, approach,which singlesout one strand to and methodologicaladvancesin cognitivescience explainword learningthroughoutchildhave given the questionnew life. Researchin hood,and the "all-inclusive"approach, linguisticsand linguisticanthropologzhas rewhich considersthe melangeof factors sein cross-linguistic vealedstrikingdifferences together.Their goal is to discoverprecisely manticpatterns,and cognitivepsycholoryhas w[ich strands of ability or understanding developedsubtletechniquesfor studying how make which contributions to acquisition at It is experience. peoplerepresentand remember which points in infancy and childhood. given how a predictions about now possibleto test A BradfordBook Ianguageinfluencesthe thinking of its speakers. 2004- 672 pp. - 38 illus. - Paper Languagein Mind includescontributionsfrom both $40.00t825.95 skepticsand believersand from a rangeof fields. o-262-58249-X A BradfordBook 2003 - 54a pp.- 48 illus. Paper LANGUAGEACQUISITION $38.001t24.e5 THE GROWTH OF GRAMMAR o-262-57r6s-3 Maria Teresa Guasti ADVANCES

IN THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE

introducThis text providesa comprehensive tion to currentthinking on languageacquisition. Following an introductorychapterthat discussesthe foundationsof linguisticinquiry' the book coversthe acquisitionof specific HOWCHILDRENLEARN THE aspectsof languagefrom birth to aboutage sii. topics includethe languageabilitiesof M E A N I N G SO F W O R D S newborns,the acquisitionof phonological Paul Bloom propertiesof language,the lexicon,sJmtax, Accordingto PaulBloom,children learn words frohoun and sentenceinterpretation,control through sophisticatedcognitiveabilities that structures,specificlanguageimpairments, Theseincludethe ability and the relationshipbetweenlanguageand exist Forotherpurposes. to infer others'intentions,the ability to acquire othercognitivefunctions. of syntacticstructure, concepts,an appreciation At the conclusionof eachchapterare a and certain generallearningand memory abililist of have associated summary of the material covered,a ties.Althoughotherresearchers keywords,study questions,and exercises. word learningwith someof thesecapacities, which adoptsthe perspectiveof Bloom is the first to showhow a completeexpla- rie book, UniversalGenerativeGrammar Chomslcyan nation requiresall of them. throughout, assumesa familiarity with A BradfordBook basicconceptsof linguistic theory. 2OO2- 314 pp.- 17 illus.- PaPer A BradfordBook $24.OOtLr5.95 2004 - 496 Pp.- 35 illus. - PaPer o-262-5232e-e E $ 3 0 . 0 0 / [1 9 . 9 5 (Cloth 2000) 0-262-57220-6 E Learning, Development,and Conceptual (Cloth2oo2) Change series winner, ZOOZnleanorMaccobyBook Award in DevelopmentalPsychologr, American PsychologicalAssociation. Awards. AAP/PSP Winner in Psychology,2000,

UAGEDEtrruopMENT THE MIT ENCYCLOPEDIAOF COMPUTATIONAL COMMUNICATIONDISORDERS DEVELOPMENTAL edited bv Rqvmond D. Kent PSYCHOLOGY A comprehensive reference work, TheMIT Enq,tclopedia oJ Commun tcat i oi n isbrders will becomethe standard referencein this field for both researchand clinical use. It offers almost 200 detailedentries,covering the entire range of communication and speechdisorders in children and adults, from basic scienceto clinical diagnosis.

Thomas R. Shultz

MITECDis divided into four sectionsthat reflectthe standardcategorieswithin the field (alsoknown as speechJangu agep atholog./and audiologu): Voice, Speech,Language,and Hearing.Wthin-eachcategory,entries are organizedinto three subsections: BasicSciences, Disorders,and ClinicalManagement.BasicSciences includesrelevantinformation on normal a.natomyand physiolog,r,physics,psychologrand psychophysics, and linguiStics;thii providesa scientificfoundationfor entriesin the other subsections. The entriesthat appearunder Disordersoffer informationon the definitionand characterizationof specificdisorders,and tools for their identificationand assessment. The Clinical Managementsubsectiondescribes appropriate interventions,includingbehavioral,pharmacological, surgical,and prosthetic. Topicscoveredin MITECDinclude cochlearimp.lantsfor children and adults, pirch perception, tinnitus, alaryngealvoiceand s-peecti rehabilitation, neural mechanismsof vocalization.holistic voice therapy techniques,computer-based approachesto children'sspeechand language disorders,neurogenicmutism, regionalaialEct, agrammatism,globalaphasia,and psychosocial problemsassociatedwith communicativedisorders. A BradfordBook 2oo3 - 650 pp. - 128 illus. 0-262-11278-7

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Nora S. Newcombe and Ianellen lfuftenlocher A BradfordBook 2003 - 276 pp.- 40 illus. - paper $22.O0/8r4.95 o-262-64050-3 (Cloth2000) Learning, Development, and Conceptual Change sertes

Despitedecades of scientificresearch, the core issuesof child developmentremaintoo complexto be explainedby traditionalverbal theories.Theseissuesincludestructure and transition,representationand processing, innateand experientialdeterminants of development, stagesof development, the purposeand endof development, and the relation betweenknowledgeand learning. In this bookThomasShultzshowshow computationalmodelingcan be usedto capturethesecomplexphenomena, and in so doing he lays the foundation for a new subfield of developmentalpsychologr,computational developmental psychologr. A principalapproachin developmental thinking is the constructivistone. Constructivism is the Piagetianview that the child builds new cognitivestructuresby using currentmentalstructuresto understand new events.In this book Shultz features constructivistmodelsemployingnetworks that grow as well as learn. This allows modelsto implementsynaptogenesis and neurogenesis in a way that allows qualitative changesin processingmechanisms.Thebook'sappendices provideadditional backgroundon the mathematical conceptsused,and its Website contains easy-to-use computationalpackages. A BradfordBook 2003- 336 pp.- 63 illus. - $42.001827.95 o-262-19483-X

R E T H I N K I N GI N N A T E N E S S A CONNECTIONIST P E R S P E C T I V EO N DEvELoPMENT

Ielfrey L. Elman, Eltzabeth A, Bates, Mqrk H. /ohnson, Annette l(armilo1ff Smith, Domenico Parisi, and Kim Plunkett Rethinking Innatenessasks the question, "What doesit really mean to say that a behavioris innate?"The authorsdescribea new frameworkin which interactions, occurringat all Ievels,give rise to emergent forms and behaviors. A Bradford Book 1998- 472 pp.- paper- $SZ.0O|L2O.9S O-262-55030-X r;h Ell (cloth 1ss6) Neural Network Modeling and Connectionism series

LmcuAGE ONTOLOGICALSEMANTICS Sergei Nirenburg

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ln OntologicalSemanticsSergeiNirenburg and Victor Raskinintroducea comprehensive

TO STUDYING APPROACHES WORLD-SITUATED USE LANGUAGE BRIDGING THE LANGUAGE.AS.PRODUCT TRADITIONS LANGUAGE.AS-ACTION

AND

edited by /ohn C. Trueswell and Michael K. Tanenhaus to Recentapproaches languageprocessing have focusedeither on individual cognitive processes in producing and understandinglanimplementations,attemptsto systematize guageor on social cogniideasabout both semanticdescriptionas representationand manipulationof meaning tive factorsin interactive conversation.Although by computerprograms.It is built on already the cognitiveand social coordinated"microtheories"coveringsuch approachesto language diverseareasas specificlanguagephenomprocessing would seem ena, processingheuristics,and implementato havelitlle theoreticalor methodological tion systemarchitectureratherthan on isolated componentsrequiringfuture integration. commonground,the goal of this bookis to encouragEthe mergin-gof thesenrrotraditions' Ontologicalsemanticsis constantlyevolving, Theconiributorsto this volumehopeto demonmanipulameaning make need to driven by the stratethat attention to both cognitiveand social gention tasks such as text analysisand text is importantfor understandinghow approaches eration work. Nirenburgand Raskinhave in natural settings. languageis processed thereforedevelopeda set ofheterogeneous four revieWposition with opens The book methodssuited to a particulartask and coordiby shorterreports nated at the level of knowledgeacquisitionand papers;theseare followed implementations, bf bxperimentalfindings "a snapshotof runtime systemarchitecture current work that begins to bridge the product a methodolo$i that also allows for a variable and actiontraditions."Thesetreat linguistic processes. all its in levelof automation settings, processing issuesin conversational ontological first discuss Nirenburgand Raskin ihe interactionsof languageand nonlinguistic semanticsin relationto other fields.They informationfrom visual scenes,productapthen describethe contentof ontologicalseproachesto issuestraditionally discussedin mantics,discussingtext-meaningrepresenta- the actiontradition, and Griceanphenomena. tion, static knowledgesources(includingthe ontology,the fact repository,and the lexicon), A BradfordBook- 7 0 paper 2 O O 4 - 3 6 8P P . the processesinvolvedin text analysis,and $35.0O1822.95 knowledge. of static the acquisition o-262-70rO4-9 2004 - 440 pp. - 52 illus. - $50.00/t32.95 Learning, Development, and Conceptual 0-262-14086-1 Change series Language, Speech,and Communication series

AND COMPOSITION PHRASESTRUCTURE DEPENDENCIES SYNTACTIC Robert Frank

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THE FIRST HALF SECOND T H E M l c R o G E N E s lA s N DT E M p o R A LD v N A M t c so F u N c o N s c t o u sA N Dc o N s c t o u s v t s u A l PRocEssEs

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BINOCULAR RIVALRY edited bv David Alais and Randotph Blake

I the field. chapter's overview of the major characrerisrics of binocular rivalry in rheir l,l:l I!9,"pening historical contexts,the contributorsconsidertopics rangingfrom the basic phenominonof ambig.uityto brain modelsand neural netwo;ks:Theessaysilludtraterhe porenrial P:ry!Pt"""l power of the s.tudyof perceptualambiguity as a tool for learningabout the neuralconcomitants of visual awareness,or, as it haiOeen called,the "neuraldorrelatesof consciousness.,, contributors: D. Alais, T. J. Andrews, R. Blake, c.,Blakemore, T. carlson, o. L. carter, M. castelo-Branco,X. chen, T conway' P. M. corballis, D. P.crewther, s. crewther, M. Eisenberg, t. Eiiea, p Fries, A. rc. nn!"1, n.w. Freeman, He, s. ?_.!: H", I. P Howard, I.-M._Hup€,R. Jones,C. Koch, I. Kov6cs, c. xieiman, D. A. Leopold, N. ttit ogotheris,A. Maier, Y lguyen' T. L. ooi' R. o shea, T. v Papathomas,l. D. Pettigrew T. price, 3. pulis, ul nuliin, n se-nipiel, rL singer, F. Tong, N. f. Wade, M. Wilke, n. n. wilson.

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Vtstols T H I N K I N GA N D S E E I N G VISUAL

METACOGNITION

IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN

edited b.v Daniel T Levin Experimentalresearchhas shown that people miss apparentlyobviousvisual discontinuities known as "changeblindness."For a phenomenon example,in one experiment,subjectswatchinga brief film of a conversationbetweenfwo actors did not noticethat in someshotsone actorappearedwearing a large,colorful scarf and in other shots she wore no scarf;in anotherexperiment,subjectsdid not evennoticewhen one actorwas replacedby anotherbetweenshots. Moreover,when told what they had missed, and occasionmanysubjectswereincredulous, ally i:veninsistedthat the film they had seenhad not includedanythingunusual("changeblindnessblindness").This kind of conflictbetween actual and presumedcognitivefunctioninghas been analyzedin other areasof metacognition; the contributorsto Thinking and Seeingexplore the implicationsfor vision,which haveremained largelyunexamined.Doingso, they makeimporamongdiverseareasin cognitant connections tive scienceand providea starting point for new researchon how peoplethink aboutseeing. A BradfordBook 2004- 32Opp.- 26 illus.$37.00tL23.95 0-262-62r81-9

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SEEINGAND VISUALIZING IT's NOT WHAT YOU THINK

Zenon lvlvshvn ln Seeing and Visualizing Zenon Pylyshyn arguesthat seeingis different from thinking and that to seeis not, as it may seemintuitively, to createan inner replicaof the world. Pylyshynexamines how we seeand how we visualizeand whv the scientificaccount doesnot align with the way these processes seemto us "from the inside."In issuesin vision doing so, he addresses science,cognitivepsychologr,philosophyof mind, and cognitiveneuroscience. Pylyshvnarguesthat thereis a corestageof vision indepindent flromthe influence oTour prior beliefsand he examineshow vision can be intelligentand yet essentiallyknowledgefree.He proposesthat a mechanismwithin the vision module,calleda visual index (or FINST),providesa directpreconceptual connectionberweenparts of visual representations and things in the world, and he presentsvariousexperimentsthat illustrate the operationof this mechanism. The final sectionof the book examinesthe "picture theory" of mental imagery,ilcludevidence,and asks ing recentneuroscience wliether any current evidencespeaksto the issueof the formatof mentalimages.This analysis of mental imagerybrings together many of the themesraisedthroughout the booli and providesa framework for considering such issuesas the distinctionbetween the form and the contentof representations, the role of vision in thought,and the relation betweenbehavioral,neuroscientific, and phenomenologicalevidenceregarding mental representations. 'Pylyshyn's book is to be commended as a thorough and persuasive deiense oJ the iryformation-processingapproach to vision and visualizing. It should be essential readinglfor psychologis ts, cognitive scientists, cnd philosoPhers." - Paul Coates,Metapsychologt

edited by Heiko Hecht, Robert Schwartz, and Margaret Atherton The last half of the twentiethcenturywitnessed dramaticchangesin the theory of vision. In metaphorthat particular,the "eye-as-camera" had long dominatedthe field no longerseemed tenable.Somewhatsurprisingly,however,the metaphorhas maintainedits appealin the study of pictures.ln Looking into Pictures, philosophers,psychologists, and art historians explorethe implicationsof recenttheoriesof vision for our understandingof the natureof pictorialrepresentationand pictureperception. Theyexaminethe dual natureof pictureperception, the fact that viewers must separatethe visual propertiesof the pictureitself from those Discussingthe of what the picturerepresents. they ask whetherperspecstatusof perspective, tive renderingsof spaceare specialor more accuratethan those found in other types of pictures,and if so why. Finally,they consider A BradfordBook pictorialspac€ the possibleneedto reconceive March 2006 - 592 pP.- 116 illus. for and the implicationsof sucha reconception Paper- $26.00/f,16.95 the study of pictureperception. o-262-66r97-7 A BradfordBook (Cloth2003) 2oo3- 432 pp.- r28 illus.- $58.001L37.95 Llfe and Mind: Philosophical Issues in 0-262-083lO-8 Biologt and Psychologl series

NEunoscrENcE NEW

E X P L O R I N GT H E THALAMUSAND ITS ROLE IN CORTICALFUNCTION SECOND

EDITION

S. Murrqy Sherman and R. W.Guillery

THE COGNITIVE N E U R O S C I E N C EIS II edited bv tUlichael S. Gazzaniga Eachedition of this classicreferencehas proved to be a benchmarkin the developingfield of cognitiveneuroscience. The third editionof The CognitiveNeurosciences continuesto chart new directionsin the studyof the biologicunderpinnings of complexcognition- the relationship betweenthe structuraland physiologicalmechanismsof the nervoussystemand the psychological realiqtof the mind.-Everychapteris irew aria eachsectionhas new participants.Features of the third editionincluderesearchthat maps biologicalchangesdirectlyto cognitivechanges; a new and integratedview of sensorysystems and perceptualprocesses; the presentaiionof new developments in plasticity;r€c€fltresearch on the cognitiveneuroscience of falsememory which revealsthe constructive natureof memory retrieval;and new topicsin the neuroscientific study of emotion,includingthe "socialbrain." The new final section,"perspectives and New Directions," discussesa wide varietyof topics that point toward the future of this vibrant and exciting field. A BradfordBook 2004 - l44O pp.- 503 illus.,48 pp.of color $145.0O/L93.95 o-262-O7254-8

The thalamusplaysa criticalrolein perceptual processing, but many questionsremain aboutwhat thalamic activitiescontributeto sensoryand motor functions.In this book, two pioneersin research on the thalamusexamine the closefwo-way relationshipsbetweeh chalamusand cerebral cortexand look at the distinctivefunctionsof the links betweenthe thalamusand the rest of the brain. Countering the dominant "corticocentric"approachto understandingthe cerebralcortex- which does not recognizethat all neocorticalareasreceive importantinputs from the thalamusand send outputsto lower motor centers- S. Murray Shermanand R. W Guilleryarguefor a reappraisalof rheway to think about the cortexand its interactionswith the restof the brain. The book definessomeof the functional categoriescritical to understandingthalamic THE ASYMMETRICAL BRAIN functions,including the distinctionsbetween edited by Kenneth Hugdahl and Richard r. Davidson

tions with expandedemphasisthroughout the book on the role of the thalamus"incortical function.An important new chaptersuggests a structuralbasis for linking perception and action, supplyingsupportingevidencefor a link often overlookedin current views of perceptualprocessing. Praise for the first edition: "It ts simply magnlficent . . . . All the chapters are excellent. " - vernon B. Mountcastle "The authors have a depth oif knowledge and passioryfor thelr topic that shines through the pages . . . . Their ideas shouldlform the basis ifor the next leap in understanding what the thalamus is and wlty it exists." - Neuron 2OO5- 5Oapp.- 101illus.- g6S.OOlL4l.9S o-262-19532-1

The folk beliefthat the left brain hemisphere is dominant forlanguage and the rightfor visuospatialfunctionsis incompleteand even misleading.Researchshowsthat asymmetries exist at all levelsof the nervoussystemand apply to emotionalas well as to highercognitive processes. Goingbeyondthe authors'previous book,Brain Asymmetry,this book reflects the most recentthinking on functionalasymmetriesand their structuralcorrelatesin brain anatomy.It emphasizesresearchusing new neuroimagingand neurostimulationtechniques such as magneticresonanceimaging(MRIand fMRI), positronemissiontomography(PET), magnetoencephalography (MEG),and transcranialmagneticstimulation(TMS).It also considersclinicalapplicationsof asymmetry research.The bookcontainssectionson animal modelsand basicfunctions,neuroimagingand brain stimulationstudies,visual laterality,auditory laterali ty, emotionallaterality,neurological disorders,and psychiatricdisorders. A BradfordBook 2OO4- 809 pp. - 1t9 illus., 1Ocolorplates Paper- $55.001f,35.95 o-262-58254-6 (Cloth2OO2)

I

,.,j

NEU HEAD DIRECTIONCELLS AND THE N E U R A LM E C H A N I S M S OF SPATIALORIENTATION edited bv Sidne.v L Wiener and Igffre.v S. Taube Headdirectioncells- neuronsthat fireonlywhenan animalorientsits headin a certaindirection- arefoundin severaldifferentbrainareas, with different neuronsselectivefor differenthead orientations;they are

treatmentthat will be a valuablereferencefor studentsand directioncells in a comprehensive computationalscience,and robotics. neuroscience, in the cognitivesciences, researchers

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VISUAL AGNOSIA SEcoND EDITION

Martha I. Farah

awaited secondedition providesa rcorganizedand updated review of witl asnosias.incorporating incornoratinethe latest est researchon patientswith the visual agnosias, insightsfrom the functionalneuroimagingliterature. refersto a multitudeof differentdisordersand synVisual agnosia -fascinatine -fascinating ( riqht and valuablefor what they can in their own right dromes. dromes, tell us about normal human vision. Eachdisorderis illustratedwith a clinical vignette,fol-

"big picture"of objectrecognitionas illuminatedby agnosiaresearch. A BradfordBook 2004- 176 pp.- 48 illus.o-262-56203-O

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' Farah and Todd E. Feinber.g bv Martha The cognitived_isorders that follow brain damageare an importantsourceof insightsinto the neural basesof human thought. This secondeditionof the widely acclaimedpatbntBased Approachesto CognttiveNeuroscienceoffersstate-of-the-artreviewsof the patient-basedapproach to central issuesin cognitiveneuroscience by leadersin the field. edited

9oryrlbltg{s: G K Aguirre, M. P Al€t€nder, R. W: Barron, R. M. Bauer, K. Baynes, D. E Benson,M. Brand, A. Chatteriee, N. chhabildas, H. B. coslett,A. R. Damasio,H. Damasio,s. Dehaene,M. Denhis,L. y. Deouell,M. f. Farah,t n. r'einberg, R B. Fink, P Flodman,I. Fossella,K. J. Friston, A. M. Galaburda,M. S. Gazzaniga,I.T ciacino, C.-Coldenberg, O. Crady] M. Grossman,K. M. Heilman, R. B. Ivry, D. M. facobs,f. K. ]ohnson, M. M. Keane,R. T Knight, c. Levy,M. W L;veft, lC.tUlrder, H. l. Markowitsch, C. R. McDonald, R. Mcclinchey-Berroth, M. F. Mendez,I. A. Meyer,w lvtilberg,B'.L. Miller, N. Minshew, f. R. Moyz,is,A. Pascual-Leone,B. E,rennington, M. Fosner,c. J. Price,E. D. Ross, L. J. conzalez nottri, n. M. Saffran, M. F. Schwartz, A. Spence,J. Swanson, E. Valenstein, M. Verfaellie, K. K. S. Voeller, R. T Watson

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FATIGUEAS A WINDOW TO THEBRAIN edited by lohn Deluca Foreword 4v Simon Wesselv Although fatigue has beenactively investigated for more than 100years,we have progressed little in eitherits theoreticalor practicalunderstanding.Fatiguehas beenconsideredto be both a symptomand an illness.Fatigueis a primary reasonfor patientvisits to the physicians offrle, but it is difficult to measureand offersdoctors little importantinformationfor diagnosis. Fatigue as a Window to the Braln gathers expertson a wide varietyof disordersto consider what the presence of fatiguetells us about how

NEUROLOGICAL FOUNDATIONSOF C O G N I T I V EN E U R O S C I E N C E Il,Iark D'Esposito Forewords by ltlichael S. Gazzaniga and M-Marsel Mesulam Despitedramaticadvancesin neuroimaging techniques,patient-based analysesof brain disorderscontinueto offer importantinsights into the functioningof the normal brain. Bridging the gap betweenthe work of neurologists studying clinical disordersand neuroscientists studying the neural mechanismsunderlying normal cognition,this book reviewsclassical neurobehavioralsyndromesfrom both neurological and cognitivescientificperspectives. A BradfordBook 2oo2 - 3r2 pp.- 58 illus.- $62.00t839.95 o-262-O4209-6 Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neurop sych ologt seri es

neuroscientists, clinicalresearchers, and physiciansand otherclinicians. A Bradford Book 2OO5- 28Opp.- 4 illus. - $ES.OO/L1S.9S o-262-O4227-4 Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neurop sy choIogt seri es

NnunoscIENcE ESSAYSIN SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE edited by John T. Cacioppo and Gar.v G. Berntson This collectionof essaysby a group of distinprovidesthe reader guishedsocialneuroscientists with an engagingoverviewof this emerging multidisciplinaryand collaborativefield. In the twentiethcenturythe arbitrary barrier between and social psycholorywas reinforced neuroscience by the specializedknowledgerequiredby eachfield and an emphasison scientificwork in isolation from otherdisciplines;the biologicaland social perspectives on mind and behaviordevelopedfor of one another.Neurothe most part independently socialfactorsirrelevant scientistsoftenconsidered or minimallyimportant,while cognitiveand social scientiststendedto ignorebiologicalconstraints as leadingto what they mistakand mechanisms By the endof the enly thoughtof as reductionism. twentiethcentury,however,as thoseworking in both fieldswere spurredby the commongoal of how the mind works,systematic understanding and cognibetweenneuroscientists collaborations tive scientistshad begun.Thesecollaborative efforts have alreadyhelpedunravel aspectsof perception, imagery,attention,and memory. Theseessays- by leadersin the field - reflectthe rangeof disciplinesengagedand questionsadTopicsinclude dressedtodayin socialneuroscience. maternaleffectsand chromatinmodeling;"Oxytocin and the prairiedog:a lovestory";pheromones, and memory. socialodors,and the unconscious; A BradfordBook 2004 - 168 pp.o-262-03323-2

$32.001L20.e5

IN SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS NEUROSCIENCE edited Qt /ohn T Cacioppo, GarJ G. Berntson, Ralph Adolphs, C. Sue Carter RichardJ. Dqvidson, Martha K. McClintock, Bruce S. McEwen, Michael /. MeqneJ, Daniel L. Schacter, Esther M. Sternberg, Steve S. Suomi, and Shelle.v E. Tqylor This book collectseighty-twoof the foundational articlesin the emergingdisciplineof social neuroscience. A BradfordBook 2OO2- 1288pp.- 2TT illus. - paper $58.00t837.95 0-262-53t95-X Social Neuroscienceseries

NE\/V

SOCIALNEUROSCIENCE PEoPLE THINKING ABOUT THINKING PEOPLE

edited by lohn T Cacioppo, Penny 5. Vissef and C.vnthia L. Pickett Socialneuroscienceusesthe methodologies and tools developedto measure mentaland brain function to study socialcognition, emotion,and behavior.In this collection,fohn Cacioppo,Penny Visset and CynthiaPicketthavebrought together contributionsfrom psychologists,neurobiologists,psychiatrists,radiologists, and neurologiststhat focuson the neurobiologicalunderpinningsof social information processing,particularlythe mechanismsunderlying"peoplethinking about people."In thesestudiessuch methodsas functionalbrain imaging, studiesof brain lesionpatients,comparative analyses,and developmentaldata are brought to bearon socialthinking and feelingsystems- the ways in which human beingsinfluenceand are influencedby other humans.The broad range by the conof disciplinesrepresented tributors confirmsthat among the are its strengthsof socialneuroscience approachand the use of interdisciplinary multiple methodsthat bridge disciplines and levelsof analysis. has yieldedinsights Socialneuroscience into such aspectsof socialbehavioras social regulation,socialrejection,imand pressionformation,self-awareness, attitudes regardingsocialgroups.The studies in Social Neuroscienceexamine topics including the neural substratesof and socialcognition, self-awareness theorv of mind. corticalmechanismsof langtiageprocessing,stereotyping,prejudice and race,and the specialquality of social cognition. contributors: R. Adolphs, N. Ambady, M. R. Banaii' R. Bar-On, A. Bechara,l. S. Beer,G. G. Berntson, l. Y. chiaod, P Chiu,f. Correll,P Deldin, N. Eisenberger, D. A. cusnard, T A. Ito, M. D. Lieberman,C. N. Macrae' M. E Mason, J. P Mitchell, H. C.Nusbaum,K N. ochsner' E. A. Phelps, M. Raichle, R. Saxe, S. L. SmaII, V E. Stone, G. R. Urland, E. Willadsen-Jensen

A BradfordBook - 328 pp.- 6 color,19 b & w illus. 2OOS $45.OOt829.95 o-262-03335-6 Social Neuroscienceseries

NeunoscrENcE NEW

BRAIN.WISE

I N N E RP R E S E N C E

STUDIES IN NEURoPHILoSoPHY

C o N s c r o u s N E s sA s A B t o L o G t c A L PHENoMENoN

Patricia

S mith Churchland

Brain-Wiseis the sequelto PatriciaSmith Antti Revonsuo Churchland'sNeurophilosophy,the book that launcheda subfield.In a clear,conversational The questionof consciousness manis perner,this book examinesold questionsaboutthe haps the most significantproblemstill unsolvedby science.ln Inner Presence, natureof the mind within the new frameworkof the brain sciences. What,it asks,is the neurobiological Antti Revonsuoproposesa novel apbasisof consciousness, proachto the study of consciousness the self,and freechoice? How doesthe brain learnaboutthe externalworld that integratesfindings from philosoand about its own introspective phy, psychologr,and cognitive neuroworld?What can neurophilosophy tell us aboutthe basisand signifiscienceinto a theoreticalframework. canceof religiousand moralexperiences? Arguing that any fruitful scientificapproachto the problemmust consider Drawingon resultsfrom researchat the neuronal, both the subjectivepsychologicalreality neurochemical, system,and whole-brainlevels,the of consciousness and the objectiveneubook gives an up-to-dateperspective on the state robiologicalreality,Revonsuoproposes of neurophilosophy- what we know,what we do that the beststrategl for discoveringthe not knoq and wherethings may go from here. connectionbetweenthesetwo realitiesis "Brain-Wiseis both lucid and prqlfound,cutting o!e of "biologicalrealism,"using tools of the empiricalbiologicalsciences. This through issues whereothers only oQfuscate.The approach,which he calls the "biological one to read." - Alun Anderson,New Scientist researchprogram,"providesa theoretical and philosophicalfoundationthat conA BradfordBook temporarystudy of consciousness lacks. 2002- 438 pp.- 111illus.- paper- $28.OOlLl8.9S Revonsuocoinsthe term "world simula- o-262-53200-x Ell tion metaphor"and usesthis metaphor to developa powerful way of thinking Winner in MedicalScience.2003. about consciousness as a biological AAPiPSPAwards systemin the brain. This leadshim to proposethat the dreamingbrain and DECISIONS,UNCERTAINTY, AND visual consciousness are suitablemodel THE BRAIN systemsfor empiricalconsciousness THE ScIENCE oF NEURoEcoNoM|cs research.He offersa comprehensive Paul W Glimcher overviewand criticalanalysisof consciousness researchand defendshis In this provocativebook,PaulGlimcherarguesthat approachagainstcurrentlypopular economictheory may providean alternativeto the philosophicalviews,in particularagainst classical Cartesianmodelof the brain and behavior. approaches that deny or externalize Glimcherarguesthat Cartesiandualismoperatesfrom phenomenalconsciousness, or claim that the falsepremisethat the reflexis ableto describe brain activity is not sufficient for conbehaviorin the realworld that animalsinhabit.A sciousness. Drawingtogetherempirical mathematicallyrich cognitivetheory he claims,could data from a wide variety of sources, solvethe most difficult problemsthat any environment includingdreamresearch,brain imaging, couldpresent,eliminating the needfor dualismby neuropsychologl,and evolutionary psyeliminatingthe needfor a reflextheory.Sucha mathcholory, into the theoreticalframework ematicallyrigorousdescriptionof the neuralprocesses of the biologicalresearchprogram, that connectsensationand action,he explains,will Revonsuoargues,yields profound inhaveits rootsin microeconomic sights into the natureof consciousness theoryallows physiologists theory.Economic to defineboth the optimal and pointsthe way toward a unified courseof action that an animalmight selectand a biologicalscienceof consciousness. mathematicalrouteby which that optimalsolution Applying imaginative thought experican be derived.Glimcheroutlineswhat an economicsments, Inner Presencereachesbevond basedcognitivemodelmight look like and how one the currentstate-of-the-art, revealing would begin to test it empirically.Along the way, he how the problemof consciousness mav presentsa fascinatinghistoryof neuroscience. He also eventuallybe solvedby future science. discussesrelatedquestionsaboutdeterminism,free will, and the stochasticnatureof complexbehavior. fanuary2006 440 pp.- 30 illus. $55.0OtL35.95 A BradfordBook o-262-18249-1 2004- 395 pp.- 51 illus.- paper- $22.001L74.95 o-262-57227-3 (Cloth 2oos)

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NnunoscIENcE IN PAPERBACK COMPLEXWORLDSFROM TESTOSTERONE PRENATAL SIMPLERNERVOUSSYSTEMS Now

edited b.v rrederick

AVAILABLE

IN MIND

R. Prete

The authors of ComplexWorldsifromSimpler NervousSystemsexplainhow animalswith small,often minuscule,nervoussystemsjumpingspiders,bees,prayingmantids,toads, and others- arc not the simple"reflexmachines"they were oncethought to be. Because theseanimalslive in the sameworld as do much largerspecies,they must meetthe sameenvironmental challenges.They do so by constructing complexperceptualworlds within which they integrate canweigh options,makedecisions, applycomplexalgorithms, uniqueexperiences, and executeplans and they must do this with thousandsratherthan the billionsof neurons for their largercounterparts. necessary The authorsof eachchapter,leadingneuroscientists and animal behaviorists,presenttheir researchin ways that allow the readerto understandthis processfrom the animal'sperspective. The first of the book'sthreeparts,"CreatingViand sual Worlds:Using AbstractRepresentations Algorithms,"examinesthe visual worlds of jumpprayingmantids,and ing spiders,honeybees, toads.PartII, "Enhancingthe VisualBasics: UsingColorand Polarization,"explorescolor vision and light polarizationperceptionin honeybees,butterflies,crayfish,mantisshrimps,and octopuses.The final part, "out of Sight:Creating ExtravisualWorlds,"examinesthe complexinteinformagration of visual and mechanosensory tion in the cockroachand the uniqueauditory All of world of the unusual bladdergrasshopper. thesefascinatingstoriescan be readboth for what they teachus about the perceptualworlds of little animals,and for what they suggestabout the generalorganizingprinciplesof all central nervoussystems,both "simple"and complex. A BradfordBook 2004- 464 pp.- 165illus.,16 pagecolorinsert Paper- fi4O.0O1L25.95 0-262-66174-8

AMNIOTIC FLUID STUDIES

Simon Baron-Cohen, Svetlana Lutchmqla, Rebecca Knickme:ver

and

This pioneeringstudy looks at the effectsof prenataltestosteroneon postnataldevelopment and behavior.Hormonaleffectson behaviorhavelong beenstudiedin animals; the unique contributionof this book is to suggesta connectionbetweenhuman fetal hoimonesand later behavior.It detailsfor the effecton socialand first time testosterone's openinga new avenue languagedevelopment, of researchfor cognitiveneuroscience. The authorslook at samplesof amniotic fluid takenduring amniocentesisat 16 weeks'gestation,and relatethe fetal levelof testosteroneto behavior at ages l, 2, and 4 years.The study suggeststhat prenatal affecta rangeof later levelsof testosterone behaviorsin children,from the inclinationto make eyecontactwith others to the size of the vocabulary.ltalso suggeststhat prenatal testosteronelevel may be relatedto the of typically "masculine"and development "feminine"behaviors.The study'songoing researchexploreswhether fetal testosterone has any link with the risk of developing autism.Connectingendocrinoloryand psycholory,the authorsproposethat thereis a biologicalcomponentto behaviorsoften thoughtto be producedby the socialenvironment. A BradfordBook March2006- 144 pp.- 6 illus. - paper $r6.5Otf.ro.e5 o-262-52456-2 (Cloth 2oo4)

THE MAN WHO TASTEDSHAPES Richard E. Cltowic, M.D. RichardCytowic'sdinner host apologized,"Therearent enoughpoints on the chicken!"He felt flavor alsir as a physicalshapein tril hands, and the chicken-hadcome out "too round." This offbeatcommenlin tqeO launchedCytowic'sexplorationinto the oddity called synesthesia. FIeremainsthe world authority. Synesthesiais involuntary,hereditary,and fairlycommon.It stayed.ascientificmysteryfor two centuriesuntil Cytowic'soriginal experimeritsled to a neurological explana[ion - and to a new conceptof brain organizationthat accentuatesemotionover reason. In this medicaldetectiveadventure,Cytowicshowshow synesthesia,far from beinga merecuriosity, illuminatesa wide swath of mentil life and leadsto anew view of what it meansto be human. A BradfordBook - 268 pp.2OOS 0-262-53255-7

15 illus.- paper-

(Not for sale in the United Kingdom)

$21.951L14.95

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NEunoScmr.rct NEW

Now

AN INTRODUCTIONTO THE EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALTECHNIQUE

TRANSCRANIALMAGNETIC STIMULATION

Steven I. Luck

Vincent Wqlsh and Alvaro Pascual-Izone The mainstaysof brain imagingtechniques have beenpositron emission tomography(PET),functional magneticresonance imaging(fMRD, magnetoencephalography (MEG),andeventrelatedpotentials(ERPs). Thesemethodsall recorddirector indirectmeasuresof brain actMw and correlatethe activity patternswith behavior.But to go beyondthe correlationsestablishedby thesetechniquesand provethe necessityof an areafor a given function, cognitiveneuroscientists needto be able to reverseengineerthe brain - i.e.,to removecomponentsselectively from informationprocessing and assesstheir impacton the output.Tlanscranialmagneticstimulation (TMS),a techniquethat emergedduringthe same periodas neuroimaging,has madeit possibleto do just that. Thesubjectareasthat canbe studied using TMSrun the gamut of cognitivepsychologz - attention,perception, awareness, eyemovements,actionselection,memoryplasticity,language,numeracy,and priming. This book presents an overviewof historicalattemDtsat maenetic brain stimulation,ethicalconsiderationiofthe technique'suse,basictechnicaland practical information,the resultsof numerousTMSstudies, and a discussionof the futureof TMSin the armamentariumof cognitiveneuropsycholory. A BradfordBook 2005- 312 pp.- 76 color,87b &.w illus. Paper- $29.001818.95 o-262-73t74-6 (Cloth2oo3)

The event-related potential(ERp)techniquein cognitiveneuroscience allows scientiststo observehuman brain activitv that reflects specificcognitive processes. i n An Introduction to the Event-RelatedPotential TechniqueSteve Luck offers the first comprehensiveguide to the practicalitiesof conducringERPexperimentsin cognitiveneuroscience and related fields, including affectiveneuroscienceand experimentalpsychopathologz. The book can serveas a guide for the classroomor the laboratory and as a referencefor researcherswho do not conductERPstudiesthemselvesbur needto understandand evaluateERpexperimentsin the literature.It summarizesthe accumulatedbodyof ERptheoryand practice, providing detailed,practicaladviceabout how

providean excellentfoundation for more advanced|pproachesand reflecta long history of electrophysiological recordings. The book also providesadviceon the key topic of how to designERPexperimentsso that they will be useful in answerin.qquestions of broad scientificinterest.This ieflects the increasingproportionof ERp researchthat focuseson thesebroader

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THEORETICALNEUROSCIENCE C o M P U T A T I o N A L A N D M A T H E M A T I C A LM o D E L I N G OF NEURAL SYSTEMS

analysis,localization,and the practicalities of setting up the lab. 2OOS- 376 pp. - 50 illus. - paper $4O.OO1825.95 h.r 0-262-62196-7 EJI C l o t h- $ 6 s . O O t E 4 r . 9 S 0-262-12277-4

EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS A METHoDS HANDBooK

edited bv Todd C. Handv A BradfordBook 2OO4- 416 pp. - 87 illus., 8 pagecolor insert- 960.001Ls8.95 o-262-08333-7

Peter Dqvan and L. E Abbott Theoreticalneuroscienceprovidesa quantitative basisfor describingwhat nervoussystemsdo, determininghow they function, and uncovering the generalprinciplesby which they operate.This text introducesthe basicmathematical and computationalmethodsof theoreticalneuroscience and presentsapplicationsin a varietyof areas including vision, sensory-motor integration,development,learning,and memory.An appendix coversthe mathematicalmethodsused, and exercisesare availableon the book'sWebsite, http ://people.brandeis.edu/- abbottlbookt. 2005 - 576 pp.- 165 illus. - papet $38.O0t824.95 0-262-54185-8 E (Cloth200r\

NEunoscIENcE TOWARDREPLACEMENTPARTSFOR THE BRAIN IMPLANTABLE

BIOMIMETIC

ELECTRONICS AS NEURAL

PROSTHESES

edlted bv Theodore W Berger and Dennis L. Glanzman

cutting-edgeresearch.

A BradfordBook 2005- aSo pp. 0-262-02577-9

155 illus. -

$60.o01L38.95

INDEPENDENTCOMPONENTANALYSIS A TUTORIALINTRODUCTION

Iames V Stone

tionsandstockpredictions. Anablsis,Jim Stonepresentsthe essentialsof tCAand relatedtechln IndependentComponent niques (projectionpursuit and Complexitypursuit) in ? tWorial style, using intuitive examples describii in simpkigeometrictermi. The tieatmentfills the needfor a basic-primeron ICAthat canbe usedby rbadersof varying levelsof mathematicalsophistication,including engineers,. cognitivescientists,and neurbsiientistswho needto know ihe essentialsof this evolvingmethod' An overviewestablishesthe strategi implicit in ICAin termsof its essentiallyphysicalunderthat different physical.propinnings and describeshow ICA islased on the key observa_tions iessesgenerateoutputs that arestatisticallyindependentof eachother.The book then deStonetalls "the mathematicalnuts and bolts" of how ICAworks. Presentingonly scribes-what essentialmathematicalproofs,Stoneguidesthe readerthrough an explorationof the fundaof ICA. mentalcharacteristics Topicscoveredinclude the geometryof mixing and unmixing; methodsfor blind sourceseparatioh; and applicationsof ICA,incluiling voice mixtures, EEG,fMRI, and fetal heart monitoring. providea vector matrii tutorial, plus basic demonstrationcomputercodethat the append'ixes allow3ihe readei to seehow eachmathematicalmethoddescribedin the text translatesinto working Matlab computercode. A BradfordBook 2OO4- 2OOpp.- 57 illus. - paper- $35.00/t22.95 0-262-69315-1

NEUROSCIEI$CE THE COMPUTATIONALNEUROBIOLOGY OF R E A C H I N GA N D P O I N T I N G A FOUNDATIoNFoR MoToR LEARNING

Reza Shadmehr

and Steven p. Wise

Neuroscience involvesthe study of the nervoussystem,and its topicsrange from geneticsto inferentialrea3oning.At its heait, howeve4, Iies a searchfor understandinghow the environmlnt affectsthe nervoussystemand how the nervoussystem,in turn, empowersus to interactwith and alter our environment.This empowermentrequiresmotor learning.rhe computational Neurobiologt oJReachingand pointing addressesthe neural mechanisms of one importantform of motorlearning.It is intendedto be usedas a textby graduatestudentsin both neuroscience and bioengineering and as a reference sourceby Dt,urLtruy sexperts pctLr lrr in treurosurence, neuroscience, robotics.ano robotics, and otner other olsclpllnes. discinlines.The disciplines. Tfre autho-rslntegrate inresrarematerial materia Ine autnors authois , roDollcs, integrate material from the computational, behavioral, and neural sciences of motor control that is ndt available in

any other singlesource.The result is a unified,comprehensive modelof reachingand pointing.

A Bradford Book 2OO5- 544 pp.- 165 illus. - $65.O0t84r.95 o-262-19508-9 Computational Neuroscience series

NEURALENGINEERING CotuputltroN, R E P R E S E N T A T T o NA, N D D Y N A M t c s l N NEURoBIoLoGIcAL SYSTEMs

Chris Eliasmith

and Charles If. Anderson For-years,researc!ershave used the theoreticaltools of engineeringto understandneural systems,but much of the work has beei conducledin relative isolation.ln NeuralEngineeing, chris Eliasmithand charles Andersonprovidea synthesisof the disparateapproachescurrentin computational neuroscience, incorporatingideasfrom neural coding,neural computation,physiolory,communicationstheory,control theory,dynamics, and probabilifytheory.This synthesis,they argue,enabresnov-eltheoretical and practicalinsights into the functioningof neural systems.such insights are pertinentto experimentaland computationalneirroscientists and to engineers,physicists,and computerscientistsinterestedin how their quantitativetools relate to the brain.

A Bradford Book 2004 - 376 pp.- 106 illus. - paper0-262-55060-l rfil trll (cloth 2oo2) Computational Neuroscienceseries

gSS.00lE22.9S

PnIlosoPHY oF MIND Now

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IN PAPERBACK

C O N S C I O U S N E SA SN D PERSONS UNITY AND IDENTITY

NEW

PAIN N E w E S S A Y SO N I T S N A T U R E A N D T H E OF ITS STUDY METHODOLOGY

edited bv tturat Avdede Tve When we say we feel pain, we seemto be reand PersonsMichael Tye ln Consciousness porting the perceptionof something;but what takeson the thorny issueof the unity of conperception- a physicalcondiand answerstheseimportantques- is the oblec of sciousness If pain is a sub.iections: What exactly is the unity of conscious- tion or a mentaloccurrence? ness?Cana single personhave a divided What is a singleperson?Tye consciousness? arguesthat unity is a fundamentalpart of - somethingso basic humanconsciousness to everydayexperiencethat it is easyto overlook. For example,when we hear the soundof wavescrashingon a beachand at the same time seea red warning flag, there is an overall

Michael

tion of suchintegrativeattempts.

makesan alternativeproPosal. 2OO5- 208 pp.- 11 illus.- Paper $18.00/t11.95 0-262-70r13-8 (Cloth2oo3) Representation and Mind series

Now

AVAILABLE

Contributors: C. Atlen, M. Aydede,N. Block, A. Clark' R. c. coehill, R. D'Amico,E Dretske,P N. Fuchs, s. Gallagher' D. custifson, c. s. Hill, B. Maund, E. Nahmias, P Noordhof, M. Overgaard,f. Ianksepp, M. Rrkins, T w. Polger'D. D. Price, A. Shriver,K. l. Sufka, M. Tye, H. D. wilson

A BradfordBook lawary 2006 - 420 pp. $35.O01L22.95 0-262-51188-6 Cloth- $80.00/t51.e5 o-262-Or22l-q

IN PAPERBACK

THE MINDINCARNATE Lawrence A. Shapiro

A BradfordBook - 272 pp.- 23 illus. - paper- $18.00/f,1r.95 2OOS o-262-69330-5 (cloth 2004) Life and Miitd: Philosophical Issues in Biologt and Psychologt series

1Oillus. -

paper

NEW

NEITHERBRAIN NOR GHOST A N o N D U A L I S T A L T E R N A T I V E T o T H E M I N D . B R A I N I D E N T I T YT H E o R Y

W Teed Rockwell

arLernauve,Inen many pnllosopntcaland,scientiticproblemscan be solved.Otherphilosophershaveflirted with these,ideas, putnam,Millikan,and includingDewey,Heidegger, Dennett.But Rockwellgoes farther than theie tentitive spei-ulationsand offersa detailed altetnativeto the dominant philosophicalview,applying pragmatistinsights to conremporary scientificand philosophicalproblems. Rockwellshowsthat neuroscienceno lo-ngersupportsthe mind-brainidentity theory becausethe brain cannotbe isolatedfrom the restof dhenervbusslstem; moreover, therdis evidencethat the mind is hormonalas well as neural.Thesedata,and Rockwell'sreanalysisof the conceptof causality,show w_!rythe bordersof mental embodimentcannotbe neatiy drawn at the skull, or evenat the skin. Rockwellthen demonstrates how his proposedview of the mind can resolve paradoxesengendered by the mind-brainidentitytheoryiri suchfieldsas neuroscience, artificial intelligence,epistemologr,and of lariguage.Finally,he arguesrhat understinAing the mind as a "behavioralfield"_philosophy supportsthe new cognitivesiience p-aradigmofdynamicsys"tems theory(DST). A BradfordBook 2OO5- 256 pp.- 6 illus. - $36.00t823.95 0-262-18247-5

RECONSTRUCTING THE COGNITIVEWORLD THE NEXT STEP

Michael

Wheeler

A BradfordBook 2OOS- 4s2 pp. o-262'23240-5

$s5.oo/L22.95

F

..,.h

PHrl,osoPHYoF MIND SWEETDREAMS PHILoSoPHICAL

OBSTACLES TO A SCIENCE OF

CoNscrousNEss

Daniel C. Dennett In the years since DanielDennett'sinfluential Consciousness Explainedwas publishedin 1997,scientific researchon conhas beena sciousness hotly contestedbattlegroundof rival theories- "so rambunctious."Dennettobserves,"that severalpeopleare writing booksjust about the tumult." with Sweet Dreams,Dennett returns to the subiectfor "revisionand renewal"of his theoryof consciousness, taking into accountmajor empiricaladvancesin the fieldsince1991 as well as recenttheoreticalchallenges. ln ConsciousnessExplained, Dennettproposedto replacethe ubiquitousbut bankrupt CartesianTheatermodel(a privilegedplace in the brain where "it all comestogether"for with the the magicshow of consciousness) Multiple DraftsModel.Drawingon psycholand artificial ogr, cognitiveneuroscience, intelligence,he assertedthat human consciousnessis essentiallythe mentalsoftware that reorganizesthe functionalarchitecture of the brain.ln SweetDreams,herecaststhe MulripleDraftsModelas the "famein the brain' modelas a backgroundagainstwhich to examinethe philosophicalissuesthat "continueto bedevilthe field." With his usual clariryand brio,Dennettenlivenshis argumentswith a varietyof vivid He isolatesthe "ZombicHunch" examples. that distortsmuchof the theorizingof both philosophers anddefendshis and scientists, "third-person'approach to the scienceof against consciousne ss,heterophenomenolog/, persistentmisinterpretationsand objections.The old challengeof Franklacksons thought experimentabout Mary the color scientistis given a new rebuttalin the form of "RoboMary,"while his discussionof a famouscard trick, "TheTunedDeck,"is designedto show that DavidChalmers's Hard Problemis probablyjust a figmentof theorists'misexploitedimagination.The "intrinsic"natureof "qualia" is compared with the naivelyimagined"intrinsicvalue" - How Much of a dollar in "Consciousness is That in RealMoney?"

VARIETIESOF MEANING THE2OO2 JEAN NICODLECTURES

Ruth Garrett Millikan The many differentthings that are said to mean things seemto have little in common:peoplemeanto do various things; tools and other artifactsare meant for various things; peoplemeanvarious things by using words and sentences;natural signs mean in things; representations people'smindsalso presumably mean things. ln VarietiesoJMeaning Ruth GarrettMillikan arguesthat theseapparently differentkinds of meaningcan only be understoodin relationto eachother. What doesmeaningin the senseof purpose(when somethingis said to be meant for something)have to do with meaningin the senseof representingor signiffing? Millikan arguesthat the explicithuman purposes,explicithuman intentions,are purposes.They do not merelyreprerepresented sent purposes;they possessthe purposesthat they represent.she arguesfurther that things that signify,intentionalsigns such as sentences,are distinguishedfrom natural signsby having purposeessentially;therefore,unlike natural signs, or be false. intentionalsignscan misrepresent Cross-Purposes" "Purposes and I Part discusses - what purposesare, the purposesof people,of their behaviors,of their body parts,of their artifacts,and of the signsthey use.PartII then describesa previouslyunrecognizedkind of natural sign, "locallyrecurrent"natural signs,and several varietiesof intentionalsigns,and discusses the ways in which representationsthemselvesare represented.Part III offers a novel interpretation of the way languageis understoodand of the relationbetweensemanticsand pragmatics.Part IV discussesperceptionand thought, exploring stagesin the developmentof inner representations, from the simplestorganismswhosebehavior is governedby perception-actioncyclesto the perceptions and intentionalattitudesof humans. "nuth Millikan's project is nothing less than a completeaccount oJ signs - animal and human, natural and tntentional, public and inner - and it is wonderlfully realized, careifully argued, and richly exempllfied. Varieties of Meaning u essential and engrossing readingifor phi Iosophers oJ mind, cognitive psychologists and linguists, andifor everyone else who cares about how we think and communicate." - RobynCarston,University CollegeLondon

A BradfordBook Book 2005- 216 pp.- 3 illus.- fi28.OO1178.95A Bradford 2004- 256 pp. - 3 i 0-262-04225-8 0-262-13444-6 Iean Nicod Lectures /ean Nicod Lectures (Not for sale in France, Belgium, and Switzerland)

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ACTION IN PERCEPTION

THEACT OF THINKING Derek Melser

AIva Nod

In this remarkablemonograph,DerekMelserarguesthat thinking is not an intracranialprocessof "Perceptionis not any kind, mentalor neural, but is rathera learned somethingthat action of the person. happensto us, or in us," writes Alva After an introductionin which he makesa prima Nod."It is some1fociecasethat thinking is an action,Melserreviews thing we do." In action-basedtheoriesof thinking advancedby Ryle, Action in PercepVygotsky,Hampshireand others.He then presents /ion, Nod argues his own "token concerting"theory,accordingto that perceptionand which thinking is a specialkind of token perforperceptualconmance,by the individual,of certainsocial,consciousnessdepend certedactivity. He examinesthe developmentalrole on capacitiesfor of concertedactivity,token performanceof conaction and thought - that perceptionis certed activity,the functions of speech,the mechana kind of thoughtful activity.Touch,not ics and usesof coverttokening,empathy,the orivision, should be our model for percep- gins of soloaction,the actionalnatureof perception. Perception process is not a in the fion, and variouskinds and aspectsof mature brain, but a kind of skillful activirv of thinking. In addition, Melser analyzesthe role of the body as a whole. We enactouipermetaphorsin our folk notion of mind. ceptual experience. While intendinghis theory as a contributionto the To perceive,accordingto this enactiveapphilosophyof mind, Melseraims also at a largergoal proachto perception,is not merelyto have - to establishactionsas a legitimatephilosophical sensations;it is to havesensations that we given,self-explanatory and sui generis.To this end, understand. ln Action in Perception,NoE he arguesin the final chapterof the bookagainstthe investigatesthe formsthis understanding possibiliryof scientificexplanationof actions. can take. He beginsby arguing,on both A BradfordBook phenomenologicaland empiricalgrounds, 2004- 304 pp.- $35.00/822.95 that the contentof perceptionis not like the o-262-t3446-2 contentof a picture;the world is not given to consciousness all atoncebut is gained gradually by activeinquiry and exploration. T H E R E ' SS O M E T H I N G No€ then arguesthat perceptualexperience acquirescontentthanksto our possession ABOUT MARY and exerciseof practicalbodily knowledge, E S S A Y So N P H E N o M E N A L C o N s c I o U s N E s s A N D FRANK JACKSoN'S KNoWLEDGEARGUMENT and examines,amongother topics,the edited by Peter Ludlow, Y4iin Nagasawa, problemsposedby spatialcontentand the experienceof color.He considersthe perand Daniel Stoliar spectivalaspectof the representational Foreword bv Frank lackson contentof experience and assesses the place of thought and understandingin experience. In Frank]ackson'sfamousthought experiment,Mary is confinedto a black-and-whiteroom and educated Finally,he exploresthe implicationsof the throughblack-and-whitebooks and lectureson a enactiveapproachfor our understandingof black-and-whitetelevision.In this wav.shelearns fhe neuroscienceof perception. everythingthereis to know about the'physicalworld. March 2006 - 392 pp.- 10 illus. If physicalism- the doctrinethat everythingis Paper- $19.O01f.12.95 physical- is true, then Mary seemsto know all o-262-64063-5 thereis to know.What happens,then,when she (Cloth2004) emergesfrom her black-and-whiteroomand seesthe Representation and Mind series color red for the first timez |acksons knowledge argumentsaysthat Mary comesto know a new fact about color,and that, therefore,physicalismis false. V I S I O NA N D M I N D The knowledgeargumentremainsoneof the most SELECTED READINGS IN THE PHILOSOPHY controversialand important argumentsin contempoOF PERCEPTION rary philosophy.There'sSomethingAbout Mary edited by Alva Nod and the first book devotedsolely to the argumentEvan T Thompson collectsthe main essaysin which Jacksonpresents (and later rejects)his argumentalongwith key reA BradfordBook - 605pp.- 39 illus.- paper sponsesby other philosophers. 2OOZ

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NEW

THE PRIMACY OF THE SUBJECTIVE F o U N D A T I o N SF o R A U N I F I E D T x e o R Y o F M I N D A N D L A N G u A G E

Nicholas Georgalis

tions of a strictly third-personm€thodologyin the study of mind and languageand arguesthat thesedeficienciescan be correcGdonly by th'eincorporationof-a fiist-person methodology. Neverth-eless, this expandedmethodologzmakespossiblean objeciiveunderstandingof the subjective.

ous problemsin the philosophyof language. Eschewing.ontologz, Georgalispropose-s his theory as a means to make senseof, analyze, and relateissuesin the philosophiesof mind and language.The conceptof minimal content, he argues.,. playl ? necessary,pivotal, uni$ring, and Foundationaliole in advancing our understandingof theseissues. A BradfordBook 2005- 336 pp.- $36.OOtLZs.95 o-262-07265-3

ONFLOW DYNAMIcSoF CoNscIousNEss AND EXPERIENCE

Balph Pred

\'t,ht'

lU A BradfordBook 2oo1- 368 pp.0-262-t6227-X

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NEW

TELEOLOGICALREALISM M I N D . A G E N C Y ,A N D E X P L A N A T I O N

Scott Sehon Using the languageof psycommon-sense cholory (CSP),we explain human behavior by citing its reason or purpose,and this is central to our understandingof human beingsas agents.On the other hand, since human beingsare physicalobjects,huindn behaviorshould also be explicablein the languageof physicalscience,in which causalaccountscast human beingsas collectionsof physicalparticles.CSPtalk of mind and agency,however,does not seemto meshwell with the languageof physical science. ln TeleologicalRealism, Scott Sehon argues that CSPexpl4nationsare not causal but teleological- that they cite the purposeor goal of the behaviorin question ratherthan an antecedentstate that causedthe behavior.CSPexplanations of behavior,Sehonclaims,are answeringa question different from that answeredby physicalscienceexplanations,and, acbordingly,CSPexplanations and physical science6xplanatibnsare independentof one another.common-sensefacts about mind and agencycan thus be independent of the physicalfacts about human beings, and, contrary to the views of most philosophersof mind in recentdecades,common-sensepsychologzwill not be subsumedby physicalscience. Sehondefendshis non-reductionistaccount of mind and agencyin clear and nontechnicallanguage.He carefullydistinguisheshis view from forms of "strong naturalism" that would seemto preclude it. And he evaluateskey objectionsto teleologicalrealism,including thoseposed by DonaldDavidsons influential article 'Actions,Reasonsand Causes"and some put forth by more recentproponentsof causal theoriesof action. CSBSehonargues,has a different realm than does physicalscience;the normative notions that are central to CSPare not reducibleto physical facts and laws. A BradfordBook 2OO5- 26a pp.o-262-19535-6

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ForeWordMagazine Book of the Year. Health, Finalistin Psycholog/Mental IndependentPublisherBookAwards2OO3. OutstandingAcademicBook,20O2, ChoiceMagazine.

THE ILLUSIONOF

coNsclouswlLL

Daniel M. Wegner cause Do we consciously our actions,or do they happento us? Philosophers,psychologists, theoloneuroscientists, gians,and lawyershave long debatedthe existenceof free will versus determinism.In this book Daniel Wegner offers a novel understandingof the issue.

sciouswill, Wegnershows,helpsus to appreciate and rememberour authorshipof the things our minds and bodiesdo. Yes,we feel that we consciouslywill our actions,Wegnersays,but at the sametime,our actionshappento us. Althoughconsciouswill is an illusion,it servesas a guide to understandingourselves a senseof responsibilityand and to devel-oping morality. 'A remarkable demonstration of how psycholog/ can sometimestranslform philosophy." - Sue Blackmore,ZZS

A BradfordBook 2oo3- 4r9 pp.- 57 918.95tL12.95 0 -2 6 2 -7 3162-2 B (Cloth2oo2)

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RATIONALITYIN ACTION Ieb! n.Egg4e In this invigoratingbook,lohn Searledefines the six major claims of what he calls the ClassicalModel of rationalityand showswhy they are false.He then presentsan alternativd theory of the role oI rationality in thought and action. 2OO3- 319 pp.- paper- $20.001L12'95 0-262-69282-l (cloth 20or) /ean Nicod Lectures (Not for sale in France,Belgium,and Switzerland)

Pnn-,osoPHYoF MIND IN THE WEST PANPSYCHISM David Skrbina lnPanpsychismin the West,David Skrbina arguesfor the importanceof panpsychism- the theory that mind exists,in someform, in all living and nonliving things - when considering and mind. Despite the natureof consciousness recentadvancesin our knowledgeof the brain and the increasingintricacyand sophistication the natureof mind of philosophicaldiscussion, with its conremainsan enigma.Panpsychism, ceptionof mind as a generalphenomenonof nature,uniquelylinks beingand mind. More than a theoryof mind,it is a meta-theory- a statementabouttheoriesof mind ratherthan a can parallelalmost theoryin itself.Panpsychism everycurrenttheoryof mind;it simplyholds of mind, that in whateverway oneconceives suchmind appliesto all things.In addition, panpsychismis oneof the mostancientand beginningwith enduringconceptsof philosophy, its pre-historicalforms,animismand polytheism. Its adherentsin the Westhaveincluded importantthinkersfrom thevery beginningof Greekphilosophythroughthe sixteenthand centuries,to the present. seventeenth

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REAL NATURESAND FAMILIAROBJECTS Crawford

t. Elder

ln RealNatures and Familiar ObjectsCrawford Elderdefends,with qualifications,the ontology of commonsense.He arguesthat we existthat no glossis necessaryfor the statement "human beingsexist" to show that it is true of the world as it really is - and that we are surroundedby many of the medium-sizedobjectsin which commonsensebelieves.He arguesfurther that thesefamiliar medium-sized objectsnot only exist,but haveessentialproperties,which we are often able to determineby observation.The starting point of his argument is that ontologr should operateunder empirical load - that is, it shouldgive specialweight to the objectsand propertiesthat we treat as real in our best predictionsand explanationsof what happensin the world. Eldercalls this presumption"mildly controversial"becauseit entails that argumentsare neededfor certain widelyassumedpositionssuchas "mereologicaluniversalism"(accordingto which the sum of randomly assembledobjectsconstiis long Skrbinaarguesthat panpsychism tutes an objectin its own righQ. overduefor detailedtreatment,and with this defendingrealismabout book he proposesto add impetusto the discus- Elderbeginsby that nature'sobjects (arguing essentialness philosophical panpsychism in serious sion of have essentialpropertieswhosestatus as inquiries.After a brief discussionof general He then deessentialis mind-independent). issuessurroundingphilosophyof mind, he fendsthis view of familiar objectsagainst viewsof specificphitracesthe panpsychist causalexclusionargumentsand worries losophersfrom the ancientGreeksand early aboutvagueness.Finally,he arguesthat through Renaissance naturalistphilosophers many of the objectsin which commonsense the likes of William f ames,losiah Royce,and believesreally exist, includingartifactsand CharlesSandersPeirce,amongmany othersby natural selecalways with a strongemphasison the original biologicaldevicesshaped we too exist, as productsof texts. [n his concludingchapter,'A Panpsychist tion, and that natural selection. panpsychist WorldView,"Skrbinaassesses argumentsand puts them in a larger context. A BradfordBook - 2 2 4 p p .- p a p e r- $ 1 8 . 0 0 i t 1 1 . 9 5 2OOS A BradfordBook o-262-55062-8 2oo5 - 336 pp.- $35.001L22.95 (Cloth2oo4) 0-262-19522-4 Now

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N A T U R A LM I N D S Thomas W. Polger ln Natural Minds ThomasPolgeradvocates,and defends,the philosophicaltheory that mind - and in doing so bringsthe mind-brain equalsbrain - that sensationsare brain processes The versionof identity identity theorybackinto the philosophicaldebateaboutconsciousness. events,states,or propertiesare theorythat Polgeradvocates holds that consciousprocesses, type-identicalto biologicalprocesses, events,states,or properties- a "tough-minded"account that maintains that minds are necessarilyidenticalto brains, a position held by few current identity theorists.Polger'sapproachbeginswith the ideathat we needto know moreabout brains in order to understandconsciousnessfully, but recognizesthat biologr alonecannot providethe entire explanation. A BradfordBook March2006 - 320 pp.- 15 illus. - paper- $20.001912.95 o-262-66196-q (Cloth2004)

PHu-,osoPHY on MrND AVAILABLE IN PAPERBACK FURNISHING THE MIND C o N C E P T SA N D T H E I R P E R C E P T U A LB A s I s NATURALISTICREALISMAND THE ANTIREALISTCHALLENGE /sgggJ.!4nz Now

Drew Khlentzos

Westernphilosophyhas long beendivided betweenempiricists,who arguethat huIn this importantbook DrewKhlentzosexplains man understandinghas its basisin experithe antirealistargumentfrom a realistperspecence,and rationalists,who arguethat tive. He defendsnaturalisticrealismagainstthe antirealistchallenge,and he considersthe conse- reasonis the sourceof knowledge.A central issuein the debateis the natureof quencesofhis defensefor our understanding of concepts,the internal representations we realismand truth. Khlentzosarguesthat the use to think about the world. The tradinaturalisticrealistview that the world exists independentlyof the mind must take into consid- tional empiricistthesisthat conceptsare erationwhat he calls the representation problem: built up from sensoryinput has fallen out of favor.Mainstreamcognitivescience if the naturalisticrealistview is true, how can mental representationof the world be explained? tendsto echothe rationalist tradition,with its emphasison innateness.ln Furnishing He examinesthis major antirealistchallengein the Mind, JessePrinzattemptsto swing the detail and showsthat many realistshavedispendulumback toward empiricism. missedit becausethey havenot understoodits providesa critical survey ofleading Prinz nature.He seesit as a philosophicalpuzzle: the theoriesof concepts, includingimagism, antirealistchallenge,if sound,doesnot prove that thereare no objectsthat existindependently definitionism,protorypetheory exemplar theory,the theorytheory,and informational of the mind, but that thereis no rationalbasis for thinking that there ?r€; w€ have good reason atomism.He setsforth a new defenseof to believein the naturalisticview, but (given the conceptempiricismthat draws on philosophy,neuroscience, and psycholoryand in the antirealist arguments)we have no way of knowprocessintroducesa new versionofconcept ing how it couldbe true. Khlentzossurveysthe empiricismcalledproxytypetheory.He also antirealistargumentsof MichaelDummett, providesaccountsof abstractconcepts,intenHilary Putnam,and CrispinWright and suggests tionality,narrowcontent,and conceptcombia realist answer.He arguesfor a radically nation. In an extendeddiscussionof innatenonepistemicconceptionof truth, and against ness,he coversNoamChomsky'sarguments pragmatist,intuitionist,verificationist,and for the innatenessof grammat,developmenpluralistalternatives.He examinesand rejects tal psychologists' argumentsfor innatecogsomecurrentversionsof physicalismand funcnitive domains,and JerryFodor'sargument tionalism,and offersan originalversionof the for radicalconceptnativism. correspondence theoryof truth. A BradfordBook A BradfordBook 2004- 375 pp.- 12 illus. - paper 2OO5- 448 pp.- 10 illus.- paper $25.jotLr6.95 $20.00tLrz.95 o-262-66t85-3 o-262-61209-7 (Cloth2oo2) (Cloth2oo4) Representationand Mind series Representatton and Mtnd series

CAUSATIONAND COUNTERFACTUALS edited bv John Collins, Ned Hall, and L. A. paul

Lewis,"Voidand Object,"on causationby omission. A BradfordBook 2OO4- 480 pp. - 54 illus. - paper- $40.00/825.95 o-262-53256-5 Representation and Mind series

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NATURAL ETHICAL FACTS EvoLurtoN, CoNNEcrtoNlsM, AND MoRAL CocNlrloN

william D. Casebeer ln Natural Ethical Facts William Casebeerarguesthat we can articulate a fully naturalizedethicaltheoryusing conceptsfrom evolutionarybiolory and cognitivescience,and that we can study moral cognitionjust as,we study other forms of cognition.His goal is to show that we have "so_ftly fixed" human natures,that thesenaturesare evolved,and that our lives go well or badly dependingon how we satisff the functionaldemandsof t-hesenatures.Natiral ntiical Facts is a comprehensiveexaminationof what a plausiblemoral sciencewould look like. between beginsby discussingthe nature of ethicsand the possible_relationship Casebeer David Hume'snaturalisticfallacy and G. E. Moore's scienceand ethics.He then addresses Quine.He then argument,drawingon the work of f ohn Deweyalq y V O_. open-question biologicaland moral descrippiopodesa functionalaccountof ethics,offering corresponding iions. Oiscussingin detail the neuralcorrelatesof moral cognition,he arguesth.atneural networkscan biused to modelethicalfunction. He then discussesthe impact his views of moral epistemologyand ontologywill have on traditionalethicaltheoryand moral education, concludingthat thbreis room for other moral theoriesas long as theytake into consideration the functiSnalaspectof ethics;the pragmaticneo-Aristotelianvirtue theory he proposesthus servesas a moral "big tent." Finally,he addressesobjectionsto ethicalnaturalismthat may arise,and calls for a reconciliationof the sciencesand the humanities. "Most dejendersoJevoluttonary ethics will applaud fthe book'sJ length, breadth, and eclecticism.. . . HighlJt recommended." - R. F.white, Choice A BradfordBook 2 0 0 5- 2 2 4 p p . - 2 i l l u s .- p a p e r0-262-53278-6 (Cloth 2003)

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REASONAND REPRESENTATION RECONSTRUCTING Murrav

Clarke

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PHrr-,osopHyor MIND A N T I - I N D I V I D U A L I SAMN D K N O W L E D G E /essica

Brown

new route_toa priori knowledgeof the world. while rejectingsolutions that restrictthe transmission of warrant, she arguesthat anti-individualistsshould deny that we havethe type of knowledgethat would be requiredto use a priori knowledgeof thought contentto gain I priori knowledgeof the world. 'Anyone interested in the current state oJ thinking about these topics should read this book. It is an excellent dqfenseoJ anti-individualism that takes accounToJ much oJ the philosophicat literature and critiZatty discussesa wide range oif issues,includin{ radonaftry, rdltabtltsm and. warrznt. . . . An important contribution,', - Lynne Rudder Baker,TLS A Bradford Book 2OO4- 360 pp.- paper- $26.001L16.95 o-262-52421-X Contemporary Philosophical Monographs series

BEINGNO ONE THE SELF-MODEL

THEORY OF SUBJECTIVITY

TTtomas Metzinger

"ll4etzinger's interdisciplinary approach opens up a new path toward a scient!fic theory oJ consciousnessand self-consciousness." - Franz Mechsnerand Albert Newen,Science A Bradford Book V i s i to u r W e b s i t e ! - paper 2004-7rr pp.hltp:/ / mitpress.mit.edu JU 635.0O/822.95 o-262-63308-6 In North Americo (Cloth20os) Coll toll free to ploceyour order

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PHnosoPHYoF MIND M E C H A N I C A LB O D I E S , MINDS COMPUTATIONAL ARTIFICIAL

INTELLIGENCE

FROM AUTOMATA

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WHATIS THOUGHT? Eric B. Baum

TO CYBORGS

edited by Stqlfano Franchi and Giiven Giizeldere Believingthat the enterpriseof constructing the bounds "artificial intelligence"transcends of any one discipline,the editorsof Mechanical Bodies, ComputationalMinds have brought togetherresearchersin AI and scholarsin the humanitiesto reexaminethe fundamental assumptionsof both areas.TheAl community, for example,couldbenefitfrom explorationsof human intelligenceand creativityby philosoliterary anthropologists, phers,psychologists, iritics, and others,while analysisof Al's theoretical strugglesand technicaladvancescould yield insightsinto suchtraditionalhumanist concernsas the natureof rationalityand the mind-bodydichotomy.

act unlike the standardalgorithmsof computerscienceand that to understandthe mind we needto understandthesethoughtprocessesand the evolutionaryprocessthat producedthem in computationalterms. Baum proposesthat underlyingmind is a

Contributors: A. Adam, P.E. Agre, T. Burke, H. M. Collins, D. Dennett, F. Dretske, H. Dreyfus, A. Foerst, E' Fox Keller, S. Franchi, G. Gtizeldere,D. R. Hofstadter, M. L. Johnson, B. Latour, M.Matteuzzi, B. Mazlish' A. Pickering, A.-M. Rieu, S. Sharoff, G. Teil, S. wilson.

A BradfordBook 20OS- Saa pp.- 43 illus.- Paper $45.OjtL29.95 o-262-56206-5

ESSENTIALSOURCESIN THE S C I E N T I F I CS T U D YO F CONSCIOUSNESS edited by Bernard /. Baars, William P, Banks, and Iames B. Newman is at the very coreof the human Consciousness condition.Yetonly in recentdecadeshas it becomea major focusin the brain and behavScientistsnow know that conioral sciences. involvesmany levelsof brain funcsciousness tioning, from brainstemto cortex.The almost seventvarticlesin this book reflectthe breadth and depthof this burgeoningfield. The many in vision topics coveredincludeconsciousness and inner speech,immediatememoryand attention, waking, dreaming,coma, the effects hypnoof brain damage,fringeconsciousness, The focusof the book is sis, and dissociation. on scientificevidenceand theory.The editors have also chosenintroductoryarticlesby leadingscientiststo allow a wide varietyof new readersto gain insight into the freld. A BradfordBook 2003 - l2OOpp. - 250 illus. $62.OOtLse.9s 0-262-52302-7 E

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on making the right choicequickly.Baum arguesthat the structureand natureof thought,meaning,sensation,and consciousnessthereforearise naturally from the evolution of programs rhat exploit the compact structureof the world. 'A book that is admirable as muchlfor its candor asjor its ambition . . . . tJwhat is Thought Can inspire a new generation-oJ computer scienttsts to i.nquireanew about the nature oJ thought, it will be a valuable contribution indeed." - Gaty Marcus, Science A BradfordBook March 2006 - 495 pp. $22.jot8r4.95 0-262-52457-O iCloth zoos)

34 illus. -

paper

THE NATUREOF

coNsclousNEss PHILOSOPHICAL

DEBATES

edited by Ned Block, Owen Flanagan, and Giiven Giizeldere A BradfordBook 1997- 608 pp. $48.00/f,30.95 0-262-52210-1

44 illus. El

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PnrlosoPHy oF LnrscuAGE NEW

CONDITIONALSIN CONTEXT Christopher Gauker "lf you turn left at the next corner,you will seea blue houseat the end of the street."That

A BradfordBook 2005- 344 pp.- 2 illus.- paper- gSE.OO|L22.9E o-262-57231-r Cloth- $75.00/150.50 o-262-07266-1 Contemporary Philosophical Monographs series

TERMSAND TRUTH

W O R D SW I T H O U TM E A N I N G

REFERENCE

Christopher

DIRECT AND ANAPHoRIc

Alan Berger

The book is organizedin three parts. In part I, Bergerdistinguishesbetweentwo styldsof rigid designation.Basedon this distinction, he developsa theory of referencechangefor rigid designatorterins and showshow-this distinctionshedslight on identity statements. In part II, he offers an accountof beliefattribution containingvacuousnames within the belief context,of intentional iden-

anaphoraand plural quantification. A BradfordBook 2005- 232 pp.- paper- g2O.0OtLr2.9S o-262-52437-6 (Cloth2oo2\

:ttilt

v.Z',a'lll,

Gauker

Accordingto the receivedview of linguistic communication,the primary functionof languageis to enablespeakersto revealthe propositionalcontentsof their thoughtsto hearers.Speakersare able to do this because they sharewith their hearersan understanding of the meaningsof words. Christopher Gaukerrejectsthis conceptionof language, arguin-gthat it restson an untenableconception of mentalrepresentationand yields a wrong accountof the norms of discourse. Gauker'salternativestarts with the observation that conversations have goalsand that the bestway to achievethesegoals dependson the circumstances under which the conversation takesplace.Thesegoalsand circumstances determinea contextof utterance quite apart from the attitudesof the interlocutors.The fundamentalnormsof discourseare formuIatedin termsof the conditionsunderwhich sentencesare assertiblein suchcontexts. A Bradford Book 2oo3 - 3r2 pp.- paper- gz8.0otf,19.9b 0-262-57162-5 Con1emporary Phi losop h icaI Monographs SCNCS

J.

MOLECULARMODELSOF LIFE PHILOSOPHICAL

Sahotra

PAPERS ON MOLECULAR

BIOLOGY

Sarkar

A BradfordBook 24.9s 2oo5 - 352 pp.- $38.00/e 0-262-19512-7 Llfe and Mind: PhilosophicalIssues in Biologt and Psychologt series

CYCLESOF CONTINGENCY

ORIGINATIONOF ORGANISMALFORM

D E v E L O P M E N T A LS Y S T E M SA N D E V O L U T I O N

edited by Susan Oltama, BIOLOGY EvoLUTIoNARY Paul E. Grlfftths, and Russell D. Grqv edited by Gerd B. Miiller and The nature/nurturedebateis not dead.DichotoStuart A. Newman mousviewsof developmentstill underliemany This book exploresthe multiplefactorsrespon- fundamentaldebatesin the biologicaland systemstheory socialsciences.Developmental sible for the originationof biologicalform. It examinesthe essentialproblemsof morphologi- (DST)offersa new conceptualframeworkwith which to resolvesuch debates.DSTviews oncal evolution- why, for example,the basic togenyas contingentcyclesof interaction body plans of nearlyall metazoansarose resources, within a relativelyshort time span,why similar amonga varied set of developmental morphologicaldesignmotifsappearin phyloge- no one of which controlsthe process,These factorsincludeDNA,cellularand organismic neticallyindependentlineages,and how new structure,and social and ecologicalinteracstructuralelementsare addedto the body plan tions. DSThas excitedinterestfrom a wide of a given phylogeneticlineage.It also examrangeof researchers,from molecularbiologists ines discordances befweengeneticand phenobecauseof its ability to inteto anthropologists, typic change,the physicaldeterminantsof grate evolutionarytheory and other disciplines morphogenesis, and the roleof epigeneticprowithout falling into traditionaloppositions. cessesin evolution.Thebookdiscussesthese and other topicswithin the frameworkof evolu- The book provideshistoricalbackgroundto biolory,a new research DST recenttheoretical findings on the mechationary developmental agendathat concernsthe interactionof develnisms of heredity,applicationsof the ost opmentand evolutionin the generationof impliframeworkto behavioraldevelopment, probiologicalform. By placingepigenetic cationsof DSTfor the philosophyof biolory, cesses,ratherthan genesequenceand gene and critical reactionsto DST expressionchanges,at the centerof morphoA BradfordBook logicalorigination,this bookpoints the way to 2OO3- 391 pp.- 26 illus. - Paper theoryof evolution. a morecomprehensive $30.00/f,19.95 A BradfordBook 0-262-65063-O 2OO3- 368 pp.- 62 illus. - $48.00/830.95 (cloth 2oor) o-262-13419-5 Llfe and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biologt The Vienna Series in TheoreticalBiologt and Psychologt series BEYOND THE GENE IN DEVELOPMENTAL

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ORGANISMSAND ARTIFACTS DESIGN IN NATURE

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Tim Lewens ln-Organismsand Artfacts Tim Lewensinvestigatesthe analogicaluse of the languageof designin evolutionary biolog. Uniquelyamongrhe natural sciences,biologyusesdescriptiveand explanatorytermsmore suited to artifacts than organisms.When biologiits discuss,for example, the purposeof the panda'sthumb and look for functionalexplanationsfor organictraits, they borrow from a vocabularyof intelligent designthat Darwin'sfindingscould have madeirrelevhntover a hundredyears ago. Lewensarguesthat examiningthe analogybetween the processesof evolutionand the processes by which artifactsare created- looking at organismsas analogicalartifacts- shedslight on explanationsof the form of both organicand inorganicobjects.He arguesfurther that understandingthe analogyis important for what it can tell us not only about biologybut about technologyand philosophy. In the courseof his argumentLewensdiscussesissuesof interestto philosophers of biologlz_, biologists,philosophersof mind, and studentsof technology. Theseissuesincludethe piffalls of the design-based thinking of adaptationism,the possibleconflict betweenselection explanationsand de-velopmental explanations,a proposedexplanationof biological function, a-ndprospectsfor an informativeevolutionarymodelof iechnologicalcha[ge. Emergingfrom thesediscussionsis an explanationof the use of the vocabularyof intellig!nc9 and inten_tionin biologythat doesnot itself draw on the ideasof intelligenrdesign, which will be of interestin the ongoingdebateover intelligentdesigncreationism. "tiftn-d the work extremely original and philosophically quite sound. Lewens's work successlfullyremovesa lot oJthe irrelevant issues that conirast matericl theories oJevolution by natural selection with notions oJhuman design." - RichardLewontin,AlexanderAgassizResearchProfessor, HarvardUniversity A BradfordBook 2 0 0 5- 2 4 0 p p .- 5 i l l u s .- p a p e r- $ 1 S . 5 0 / E I 1 . 9 S o-262-62199-1 (Cloth2o04) Llrfeand Mind: Philosophtcal Issues in Biologt and psychologt series

E V O L U T I O NA N D L E A R N I N G THE BALDWIN

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TRUETO LIFE WHY TRUTH MATTERS

Michael P. I,vnch Why doestruth matter,when politiciansso easilysidestepit and intellectuals scornit as irrelevant?Whv be concernedover an abstractidealike truth when somethingthat isn'i true - for example,a reportof lraq's attemptingto buy materialsfor nuclearweapons- gets the desired result,the invasionof Iraq? In this engagingand spirited book,Michael Lyncharguesthat truth doesmatter,in both our personaland political lives. Lynchexplainsthat the growingcynicismover truth stemsin large part from our confusionoverwhat truth is. "We need to think our way past our confusionand shedour cynicismabout the value of truth," he writes. "Otherwise,we will be unableto act with integrity,to live authentically,and to speaktruth to power." Lynchdiagnosesthe sourcesof our cynicismand arguesthat many contemporarytheoriesof truth cannotadequatelyaccountfor its value.He explainswhy we shouldcareabout truth, arguingthat truth and its pursuit arc par(.of living a happy life, importantin our personal relationshipsand for our politicalvalues. "LynchS True to Life is a passionate demonstration that truth matters; it is striktngly clear and painstaklngly reasoned, and rangesJrom technical work in the philosophy oJ logic to a discussion o1fthe role oJ truth-telling in government. " -Anthony Gottlieb,TheNew YorkTimesBookReview A BradfordBook 2005- 224 pp.- paper- $14.951L9.95 o-262-6220r-7 (Cloth2004) Outstanding AcademicBook, 2002, ChoiceMagazine

T H E H I G H P R I C EO F MATERIALISM

T H E S E C O N DS E L F C O M P U T E R SA N D T H E H U M A N S P I R I T T w E N T I E T H A N N I V E R S A R YE D I T I o N

Sherfv

Turkle

ln The SecondSelf, SherryTurkle looks at Tim Kasser the computernot as a "tool," but as part of ln TheHigh Price oJMateialism, Tim Kasser our socialand psychological lives; she looks offersa scientificexplanationof how our contem- beyondhow we use computergamesand porarycultureof consumerismand materialism spreadsheetsto explorehow the computer affectsour everydayhappinessand psychological affectsour awarenessof ourselves,of one health.Otherwriters have shown that oncewe another,and of our relationshipwith the have sufficientfood,shelter,and clothing,further world. "Technologu,"she writes, "catalyzes materialisticgainsdo little to improveour wellchangesnot only in what we do but in how being.But Kassergoesbeyondthesefindingsto we think." Firstpublishedin 1984,The investigatehow people'smaterialisticdesires SecondSelf is still essentialreading as a relateto their well-being.He showsthat people primer in the psychologzof computation. whosevaluescenteron the accumulationof This twentiethanniversaryedition allowsus wealth or materialpossessions facea greaterrisk to reconsidertwo decadesof computerculof unhappiness, includinganxiery,deplession, ture - to (re)experience what was and is low self-esteem, problems and with intimacy most novel in our new mediaculture and to regardlessof age,income,or culture. view our own contemporaryrelationship with technolory with fresh eyes.Turkle Drawingon a decade's worth of empiricaldata, Kasserexamineswhat happenswhenwe organize frames this classicwork with a new introour livesaroundmaterialisticpursuits.He not only duction,a new epilogue,and extensive notes addedto the original text. definesthe problem,but proposeswayswe can changeourselves,our families,and societyto 2 O O 5- 3 6 0 p p .- p a p e r- $ 2 3 . 0 0 1 8 1 4 . 9 5 becomelessmaterialistic. o-262-70ttr-r A BradfordBook 2OO3- 165pp.- 4 illus.- paper- 915.951810.95 0-262-61197-X (Cloth2oo2)

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EVOLUTIONARYCOMPUTATION

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Marc Schoenauen Editor-in-Chie.f

WernerCallebaut,Editor

QUARTERLY

providesan international EvolutionaryComputation forumfor facilitating of andenhancing theexchange Integrating development, evolutionandcognition, amongresearchers involvedin boththe BiologicalTheoryis devotedto theoretical advances information theoretical andpractical aspects of computational andconceptual integration. systems of an evolutionary nature. 96 - 112pp.perissue,8 112X 1l 128pp.perissue,7 X 10 One-year subscription (printandelectronic): One-year subscription (printandelectronic): Individuals $65.00,Institutions $190.00 Individuals Institutions Students $305.00, $35.00 $66.00, One-year subscription (electronic only): (electronic One-year subscription only): Individuals Institutions $58.50, $171.00 Individuals Institutions $59.00. 5275.00. http://mitpress. mit.edu/biot Students $32.00 ISSN1063-6560; E-ISSN 1530-9304 A R T I F I C I A LL I F E http://mitpress. mit.edu/evco QUARTERLY

MarkA. Bedau,Editor QUARTERLY

Art!ficialLlfe is the uniffing forumfor theexchange of scientific information on thestudyof man-made systems thatexhibitthebehavioral characteristics of naturallivingsystems. 96 pp.perissue,7 X 10 One-year (printandelectronic): subscription IndMduals Institutions $62.00, $270.@,Students $50,00 One-year subscription (electronic only): Individuals Institutions Students $56.00, $243.00, $27.00 I S S N1 0 6 4 - 5 4 6E2-;I S S 1 N5 5 0 - 9 1 8 5 http://mitpress. mit.edu/alife

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providesa /ournal oj CognitiveNeuroscience scholarlyforumfor research involvingtheinteraction of brainandbehavior. Published by TheMITPresswith theCognitive Neuroscience Institute 144pp.perissue,8 ll2 X ll One-year subscription (printandelectronic): Individuals Institutions $150.00. 5732.00. Students $85.00 COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS One-year (electronic subscription only): RobertDale.Editor IndMduals Students $135.00,Institlrtions $659.00, $76.00 ISSN0898-929X; E-ISSN 1530-8898 QUARTERLY http://mitpress. mit.edu/jocn Computational Linguistics,theofficialjoumalof the Association forComputational Lhguistics, is theonly publication devoted exclusively to thedesign andanaly- NEURAL COMPUTATION processing sisof naturallanguage systems. Terre nce Sei nows ki, E di to r- in- Chie f 1 6 0p p .p e ri s s u e6, 3 l 4 X l 0 MONTHLY One-year institutionalsubscription NeuralComputation disseminates important, (printandelectronic): $198.00 multidisciplinary research resultsand reviewsof One-year institutionalsubscription research areasin neuralcomputation. (electronic only):$178.00 Forindividualsubscriptions contact: 288pp.perissue,6 X 9 Priscilla Rasmussen, Association ior Computational One-year (printandelectronic): subscription Linguistics (ACL), 3 Landmark Center, IndMduals Students $100.00,Institutions $730.00, $OO.OO EastStroudsburg, PA18301 One-year subscription (electronic only): ISSN0891-2017; E-ISSN 1530-9312 Individuals Institutions $90.00. $657.00. http,//mitpress. mit.edu/compling Students $54.00 ISSN0899-7667; E-ISSN 1530-888X http://mitpress. mit.edu/neuralcomp AddressJournalOrdersto: MIT PressJournals 238Main Street,Suite500 Canbridge,MA 02142-1046 (617)253-2889. EAX(617)577-1545 [email protected] http://mitpress. mit.edu/journals

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THE COMPLEMENTARY NATURE I. A. Scott Kelso and David A. Engstrsm Why do we divide our world into contraries? Why do we perceiveand interpretso many of life's contrariesas mutuallv exclusive.either/ or dichotomiessuchas individual-collective, self-other, body-mind, nature-nurture, cooperation-competition? Throughouthistory, many have recognizedthat truth may well lie in betweensuchpolaropposites.In The ComplementarJ/ Nature, Scott Kelso and David Engstr0mcontendthat ubiquitous contrariesare complementary and proposea comprehensive, empiricallybasedscientific theory of how the polarizedworld and the world in betweencan be reconciled. They nominatethe tilde,or squiggle(-), as the symbolic punctuationfor reconciledcomplementary pairs. Experimentsshow that the human brain is capableof displayingtwo apparentlycontradictory, mutually exclusivebehaviorsat the samefime. Coordination dynamics- a mathematically expressedtheory that reconciles the scientific languageof "states" with the novel dynamical languageof "tendenciss"attests to the complementarynature inherent in human brains and behavior.It may explain, Kelsoand Engstrgmargve,why we (and nature) appearto partitionthings,events,and ideasinto pairs.Kelsoand Engstrom'saccount is not just metaphorical;the reconciliations they describeare groundedin the principles and mathematicallanguageof the theory of coordination dynamics. TheComplementaD/ Nature providesa clear-cutmethodolos/ for this evolving theoryof brain and behaviorthat can also be appliedto arcasand developments outsidethe neurosciences, henceaiding reconciliations within and betweendisparatefields. A Bradford Book March 2006 - 400 pp. $32.OOlL2O.e5 0-262-1t291-4

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