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7 The world this week 39 11
12
14 14 On the cover Modern societies are ever more reliant on computer systems linked tothe internet, giving enemies more avenues of attack.ltis time for countries to start talking about arms control on the web: leader, page 11. Are the mouse and keyboard the new weapons of mass destruction? Pages 25-28
The Economist online DaiLy news and views: news anaLysis. onLine-onLy coLumns, bLogs on poLitics, economics and traveL, and a correspondent's diary E-mail: newsletters and mobiLe edition
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Letters 18 On Pakistan, the Republican Party, the Los Angeles Times, Californi a v Texas Briefing 25 Cyberwar Warin the fifth domain
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Economist.com/ e mai I
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Research: search articles si nee 1997, speciaL reports
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33 34 Vol ume 396 Number 8689
first pubti . heel in Se pt ~ m b ~rt843 totokl'partin · a' .....",contl>5tbetween
intelligence, which pteSSel!or....ard, and an unworthy, timid ignoranceob5/ructing our progress. •
Editoria l ofliCft in London and ab a, Bangkok. Beijing . Ber lin . Brussels. y iro. Chicago. D~lh;. Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Je rusalem . Joh.nn~tJurg, Los "'n901es,
Leaders The threat from the internet Cyberwar Financial reform in America Adecent sta rt China and Taiwan Knowyour customer The return of wheat rust The disease eating away our daiLy bread Global economic policy Austerity aLarm Bad language Against "fairness~
United States Guns and the Supreme Court The uninfringed Espionage Spies like us China policy Yuanimpressed The " mini-stimulus" Aprophet in his own house South Carolina Wacky races Louisiana's economy Sue, baby, sue Biofuels under scrutiny The age of ethanoL lexington USS Kagan prepares to set sail
The Americas 35 Brazil's presidential campaign In LuLa's footsteps
40 40
41
42
42
43
Asia China and Taiwan The ties that bind? Japan's sumo scandal Caught off-balance The Philippines changes president Sic transit GLoria Bangladesh and war crimes BLighted at birth Areferendum in Kyrgyzstan Better than feared Pakistan 's role in Afghanistan Ganging up on India Banyan Asian urbanisation and climate change
Middle East and Africa 44 The religious right in east Africa SLain by the spirit 45 SomaLiland's election ALittLe bit of hope 46 Commerce in Iraq Why business is still in the dumps 46 JerusaLem's settLements Yet more controversy 47 A power struggLe in Iran Over the country's biggest university Europe 48 German poLitics Angela Merkel is reprieved 49 The Bettencourt affair Sarkozy's cosmetic problem 49 Hungarian politics Orban flexes his muscle 50 Catalan autonomy AnationaLity, not a nation 50 The Greek economy Protesting, weariLy 51 Church and state in Russia Art under arrest 52 Charlemagne What's really wrong with the Eurocrats
Gun control Two-nil to the gun lobby, but with pLenty of money still to be spent on lawyers, page 29 . Bewa re: beh ind the civiLity it's a war out there in the Supreme Court: Lexington. page 34. Farewell to Robert Byrd, senatorsenotorum: Obituary, page82
Brazil's next president DiLma Rousseffis cruising towards victory on the coat·tails of the ever-popuLar Lula. But there is moreatstakein October's eLection than meets the eye. page 35
Wheat rust Agenuine food scare to worry about-a nd also Learn from: Leader, page 14. Acrop-kiLLing fungus is spreadi ng out of Africa towards the world's great wheat-growing areas, pages 57-58
Mexico City. Moscow, New York, Par;', San Franc:iIy Th. {(O nO Science is the solution to stem rust, not the cause of its return. The real moral of the story is that farmers and breeders need every tool, including GM, at their disposal in the constant battle against disease, predation-and complacency. •
Global economic policy
Austerity alarm Both sides in the row over stimulus v austerity exaggerate, butthe austerity lobby is the more dangerous CONOMIC policymaking, like hemlines, has fads. Last .t.s %ofG OP o year the leaders of the G20 2: group of big economies led a : global Keynesian boost, pledg8 ing fiscal stimu lus worth a com2005 06 07 08 09 101 10 bined 2% of world GDP to prop 'Rkh ,,"oomi .. IF",,,. ,! up demand. At their most recent gathering, in Toronto on June 26th-27th, the club's rich-world members pledged "at least" to halve their deficits by 2013. Though they left themselves wiggle room, the change of tone was clear. Thanks to Greece's sovereign-debt crisis, which has terrified politicians, stimulus is out and deficit reducti on is in . The trend has been most noticeable in Europe, where every big economy has spelled out spending cuts or tax increases in recent weeks. But it is evident everywhere. japan's new prime minister, Naoto Kan, has pushed a debate about raising the consumption tax to the top of the campaign for the upper house of parliament. In America, Congress's fears about the deficit have thwarted the Obama administration's efforts to pass a new mini-stimulus(see page 3]). Until recently the deficit-cutting rhetoric exaggerated its likely short-term impact. Germany has long been one of the loudest proponents of the need for austerity. But its near-term plans (tightening worth 0-4% of GOP in 20u) are modest. Spain
I
G20 budgetdeficit*
E
was the only big European economy forced by financial markets into immediate, tough austerity. Yet now Britain has chosen that route, w ith a budget that promises tightening worth 2% of GOP in 2011. The expiration of America's stimulus implies a fiscal tightening of some L3% of GOP in 2011, a figure which could rise considerably if Congress prevented the ex' tension of George Bush's tax cuts. Much could change, but for now the rich world looks set for a collective fiscal adjustment worth around 1% of its combined GOP next year, the biggest synchronised budget contraction in at least four decades. Goodbye Keynes, hello Hoover To Keynesian critics the switch to austerity is a colossal blunder. Paul Krugman, an economist who writes in the New York Times, frets that officials who "seem to be getting their talking points from the collected speeches of Herbert Hoover" will push the world economy into a depression. With unemployment high, output far below its potential, private spending still weak and interest rates close to zero, Mr Krugman and his allies argue that fiscal stimulus remains an essential prop to the economy and that deficit-cutting now will spell stagnation and deflation. From the other side, supporters of the shift to austerity believe it is both essential and appropriate: deficit spending cannot goon forever, and by boosting firms' and households' con-
~~
The Economist July 3rd 2010 ~
leaders 17
fidence and lowering the risk premium on government debt, well·designed fiscal consolidation can actually boost growth. Jean-Claude Trichet, president of the European Central Bank, argues that fiscal thrift will increase private spending by reducing uncertainty about government tax policy and debt. Both sides of this debate oversimplify their cases. Mr Krugman's crude Keynesianism underplays the link between firms' and households' behaviour and their expectations of future tax and spending policy. For example, firms across the rich world are hoarding cash. Their reluctance to invest may have more to do with regulatory, financia l and fisca l uncertainty than weak consumer demand (see page 68). If governments address those worries, businesspeople may start spending. The advocates of austerity exaggerate more dangerously still. They base their argument on cases in the 1990S, when countries such as Canada to Sweden cut their deficits and boomed. But in most of these instances interest rates fell
sharply or the country's currency weakened. Those remedies are not available now: interest rates are already low and richcountry currencies cannot all depreciate at once. Without those cushions, fiscal austerity is not likely to boost growth. The austerity fad is also distorting politicians' priorities. Many European governments, for instance, are fixated on cutting their deficits, when they should also be trying harder to shake up their labour and product markets. A new analysis by the IMF suggests that fiscal austerity coupled with structural reforms would yield far higher growth than austerity alone. In America the new deficit-focused climate is preventing politicians from passing a temporary (and sensible) fiscal stimulus package without inducing them to tackle the sources of the country's huge medium-term deficit by, for instance, reforming social security. The result probably won't be another Hooveresque Depression. But it could be a recovery that is weaker and slower than it should have been. _
Bad language
Against fairness What's wrong with the British coalition government's favourite word OW could anybody dislike H the notion of fairness? • Everything is better when it is fair: a share, a fight, a maiden, a game and (for those who think blondes have more fun) hair. Even defeat sounds more attractive when it is fair and square. A sense of fairness, as any parent knows, develops irritatingly early. A wail of "It's not fair!" is usually the first normative statement to come out of the mouths of babes and sucklings. People seem to be hard-wired to demand fairness. Studies in which people are offered deals that they regard as fair and unfair show that the former stimulate the reward centres in the brain; the latter stimulate areas associated with disgust. For the British fair play is especially important: without it, life isn't cricket (especially when you score a perfectly good goal against the Germans and it is unfairly disallowed-see above, reO. Their country becomes quite pleasant when the weather is fair, though unfortunately it rarely is. And these days fair-trade goods crowd their supermarket shelves. Fairness is not only good, but also moderate, which is another characteristic that the British approve of. It does not claim too much for itself. Those who, on inquiry, admit that their health and fortunes are fair-to-middling navigate carefully between the twin dangers of boastfulness and curmudgeonliness, while gesturing in a chin-up sort of way towards the possibility of future improvement. The French have taken to using lefair-play in sport,presumably because (as their coach's refusal to shake hands with his opposite number after losing to South Africa suggested) their own culture finds the concept rather difficult. When talking politics, however, the French, like the Americans, tend to go for the more formal notion of justice. But fairness appeals to the British political class, for it has a common sense down-toearthiness which avoids the grandiosity of American and continental European political discourse while aspiring to do its
best for all men-and of course for maidens too, fair and other· wise, for one of its virtues is that it does not discriminate on grounds of either gender or skin colour. Not surprising, then, that Britain's government should grab hold of the word and cling to it in the buffeting the coalition has had since the budget on June 22nd proposed higher taxes and even sharper spending cuts. "Tough but fair" is what George Osborne, the Conservative chancellor of the exchequer, called the cuts he announced. "It is going to be tough, but it is also very fair," said Vince Cable, the Liberal Democrat business secretary. At last, something they could agree on. Fair dos Yet the fact that everybody believes in fairness is a clue to what's wrong with the notion. Like that other warm-blanket word, "community", it signals limp thinking. What exactly is "fair" about restricting trade, for instance? Or "unfair" about letting successful people in business or other fields enjoy the fruits of their enterprise without punitive taxes? "Fairness" suits Britain's coalition government so well not just because its meanings are all positive, but also becauselike views within the coalition-they are wide-ranging. To one lot of people, fairness means establishing the same rules for everybody, playing by them, and letting the best man win and the w inn er take all. To another, it means making sure that everybody gets equal shares. Those two meanings are not just different: they are opposite. They represent a choice that has to be made between freedom and equality. Yet so slippery-and thus convenient to politicians-is the English language that a single word encompasses both, and in doing so loses any claim to meaning. Fairness is fudge. This newspaper will have none of it. We reject the wide, woolly notion of fairness in favour of sharper, narrower words that mean what they say, like just or cruel. Sadly, British politicians are unlikely to follow our lead. They will continue to paper over their cracks with fairness. Which, given how handy the word is, is probably fair enough. _
,. Pakistan's politics
The new Republican agenda
SIR - Banyan took an overly
SIR - Your analysis of what is wrong with the Republican
pessimistic view about Pakistan Oune19th). He should have noted that Pakistan never gave democratic legitimacy to dictators even though such rulers became darlings of the West during the cold war and after the terror attacks of Septemberuth 2001_ Moreover, the world owes its gratitude to Pakistan for the sacrifices it made when the Soviets invade d Afghanistan. Today Pakistan's armed forces and people are making further sacrifices to defeat extremism and terrorism. Although this is not Pakistan's fight alone, no one should have any doubts about the resilience of the people and government of Pakistan in tackling the crises they may face from either the situation in Afghanistan or from outsi de interference.
ticians have been as adept as the military at pandering to the religious right. Witness Zulfiqar Ali Ehutto's proscription of the Ahmadi religious minority as "non-believers" and initiation of the " Islamic bomb" project, Nawaz Sharif wanting to declare that he was the Amir ul Momineen, or defender of the faith, and Benazir Bhulto, who authorised the Pakistan intelligence service's backing of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Military leaders don't always get it wrong. Under General Pervez Musharraf as president Pakistan saw its biggest ever economic boom, an effective grassroots administrative system was started,and an independent and vibrant media was encouraged.
Party hit one right note: voters expect solutions, not just rage ("What's wrong with America's right",]une 12th). President Barack Obama and his party in Congress came to power by riding the powerful tailwinds of discontent; Americans were rightfully angry that some on Wall Street had caused a financial crisis that left many families with a pink slip instead of a pay che que. The Democrats have taken advantage of this anger to force their agenda through Congress, while blocking Republican bipartisan solutions. Democrats have steamrollered through both chambers their policies of expanding governm ent, increasing spending and swelling our debt. It is no surprise that American voters are once again angry, sick with bail-out fatigue, government overreach and runaway spending. Americans feel like Washington is no longer listeningtothem . This new wave of anger offers the Republican Party an opportunity to promote its policies, which reflect the philosophy that America's future depends far more on empowering individuals than empowering big government. These pro-growth solutions, such as Paul Ryan's sound plan to deal with the deficit,include tax relief for individuals, fam ilies and small businesses, a comprehensive American energy bill and real health-care reform that lowers costs and improves care. Common sense solutions will not only sate voter anger and erase economic uncertainty, but bring sanity back to Washington policies.
SHAHIDJAMIL
SENATOR KIT BOND
London
Washington, DC
SYEDA SULTANA RIZVI
Pakist an high commission London SI R - Pakistan's civilian poli-
SIR - Reading about Pakistan's
SIR - Let me see if I understand
army reminded me of the old saying that there are countries with armies and there are armies with countries. Evidently Pakistan falls into the latter category.
The Economist's argument. You want a more centrist Republican alternative, more or less exactly like the option that John McCain offered as a candidate during the 2008 presidential election, but which you, aself-styled centre-
MURAU REDDY
Loke Hiawotha, New Jersey
right newspaper, rejected in favour of Barack Ohama, who thus far seems to he the most left-wing American president since the second world war. Now that the Republicans are testing the electoral waters with less centrist options, you decry this trend. Does that mean you're going to come out of the closet and tell us in plain terms that you made a mistake at the 2008 election? No, you equivocate here and there but are still plainly in the Obama camp. And then you tell us, laughably really, that the Republicans ought to mimic David Cameron's winning electoral recipe in Britain . This is the formula that saw Mr Cameron's Conservative Party increase its share of the vote from 33% in 2005, when the British economy was booming and the labour Party's Tony Blair was at the height of his powers, by a whopping three percentage points to 36%at the election on May 6th this year, when labour defended the most incompetent, financially bankrupt government and in Gordon Brown the most disliked prime minister I can ever remember. Wow! That's some model to emulate. JAMES ALLAN
Professor of law University of Queensland Brisbane Excellent j ournalism in LA - Thank you for acknowledging the "extremely good" foreign reporting in the Los Angeles Times in your leader on American newspapers ("Not dead yet", ]une12th). We are mystified, however, why you then suggest that we get out of the business of international coverage, and leave the cosmopolitan residents of southern California to having their global perspective largely defined by a single newspaper based on the east coast. We have the largest expatriate population of virtually every country in the world living within our primary circulation area. Our priorities reflect our readers' deep interest about places like Iran and South Korea; our state's
SIR
large military communities
deserve the commitment we have made to coverthe wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; and the intense local interest about the cross-bord er issues of immigration and Mexico's drug violence should not be left to the editorial whims of others. We find it disturbing that The Economist, a defender of globalisation, free markets and open societies, is seemingly cal1ing for a further diminution of Americanjournalism engaged with the world beyond our borders. RUSS STANTON
Editor Los Angeles Times Oh say can't you see It has been almost a year now since your leader and reporting on California v Texas ("America's future",July uth 2009). Although you proclaimed then Texas's bright future and California's m eltdown, issue after issue of The Economist suggests the opposite. Over half the articles in your recent Technology Quarterly Uune 12th) referred to California's innovative citizens, industries or researchers. By contrast, a quote in an article on new missiles from a consultancy based in Austin was Texas's only contribution, putting it almost on par with TQ'S references to Slovenia. Similar results are found in the regular science section of your newspaper, where two of the four articles in the same issue also highlighted California'sresearch. I challenge The Economist to perform asimilar check over the past12 months. If the Lone Star state is shining so brightly, why are your reporters so consistently drawn to the innovations illuminated by California's golden sun?
SIR -
MICHAEL SCHWERIN
San Diego _
letters are welcome and should be addressed to t he Edito r at The Economist. 25 StJames's Street. Lo ndon SWIAIHG E-mail:
[email protected] Fax: 020 7839 4092 More letters are avail.clble at: Eco nom ist.com/letters
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Unfair fight Acorrespondent's diary explores the simmering violence in Papua, the easternmost corner of Indonesia, in a disput e over control of natural resources worth billions of dollars. Mostofthe guerrillas who fight forindependence have only bows, arrows a nd wooden spears Economi st.com/ asia
Under siege Blockaded by Israel, Gaza's 1.5m inhabitants depend on a network of tunnels t o bri ng i n everything from herbs to motorbi kes and to export their produce. Watch a slidesh ow of photographs by Bruno St evens, who has been recording life in Gaza for the past 11 years Economlst.com/ middLeeast
United States: Thejudge report Our bloggers pass judgment on the Supreme Court's latest batch of rulings and a pot ential new member Economist.com/ unitedstates
Asia: Sejong and the dty South Korea's president fi nds his attempt to scale back the building of a new city thwarted by members of his own party Economi st.com/asia
Science: Science in the Arctic The icy island of Spitzbergen appears isolated and inaccessible, but is i n fact rathertively Economist.com/science
Science: Rethinking the jet Jet engines have been poweri ng aircraft for decades. Some engineers think the time has come for a complete redesign Economist.com/ science
Africa: Somatitand votes Our correspondent observes a poll in a place considered by many to be beyond hope Economist.com/ africa
Economics: Summit for nothing Our guest network of economists debates whether G20 summits are worth having at all, and how such gatherings should go about solving global economic problems Economf st.com/ economics
Business: One to watch An obituary of Nicolas Hayek, who is credited with saving Swiss watch ma ki ng Economist.com/ business-fj nance Johnson: The sound of embarrassment An attempt to decipher the Russia n foreign mi nistry's statement about a spy ring Economist.com/ bLogs/ johnson
Business: End of an era, Live Larry King's departure provides CNN with an opportunity to rethi nk its news coverage Economi st.com/ business-fi nance Britain: Bagehot's Last stand The outgoing Bagehotcolumnistand the Britain editor discuss the foibles and failings of political commentary Economi 5t.com/britain
The
Economist
Tea with the general Wesley Clark led NATO's forces during the Kosovo crisis, ran for president in 2004 and now works for InZero, which specia lises in cybersecurity. He talks about the risk of cyberwar, how it differs from "warwar",and how defence contractors can triumph in cyberspace Economist.com/ a udlovldeo/ teawith
Dailychart: Winners and Losers An a nnua I review of the world's leadi ng banks shows which made-and which lost- most moneyin 2009 Economi 5t.com/ dai Lycha rt Subscribers to The Economist can search back 13 years by going to: Economist.com/activate
@Asia
Society'
Center on U.S.-China Relations 725 Park AYe. at 70th St.
New York City AslaSociet~org/RIVE R SofICE
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Executive Focus
l ondon · Competitive packages A~
the UK', indepen!l@nl civil.wi~tic;ln regulator, !ilIf@iI'Mdingpub/ic is at the hurt of all the eM doe, whether by regulating nlety,
intere~t
promoting choke. value and fa ir treatment for iI~ation users or with respect to environmental issues around airporu. With 3n inftucnce that reilches around the globe, the eM plays a key role In helping to shape t he future of ..",ialian intltmationaUy.
It's an t)fciting time to join the CAA. Following the decision of Harry Bush, (jroup Dire IU'''2\
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THE ~ WORLD BANK
(\~~J ~-"1R\~ ~
Deputy Director
Su,tainability on the World Stage
The ImernJtiooJi Sustainab ility Un it {lSUI,
J
division of The Prince's Char itieu stainab il ity agenda (e.g. sustaina ble agricul1ure, tropical forests, d imate cha nge, oceans, fisher ies or biod iversity). An ideal backgroond will ind~ working in developing coontries, with famil iarity of relevant pol icy Jnd knmvledge of bi·lateral Jnd multi· lateral relationships. Self confidence alld the abilily 10 operate al Ihe Vl'fY highesl level of Governments are important. Based in cenlral London the role will involve extens ive inler nalional travel. The ISU is a prominenl contributor to lhe global debate and works to achieve a consensus between the public, pr ivate alld NCO sectors orl critical is>ues affecti ng the developmellt of solutions 10 address the deplet ion of nalural capital. This is an exciling time for an experienced and dynamic indiv id ual ro help intluence the future of the debate and the ISU. Interested candidates shoold forward IheirCVro oor rl'Cru i lmenlconsul lan~ David Brownlow, by fX)S I 10: Hu ntswood, Abbey Gardens, Abbey SlrC;perienee. inle reSI and leadership qualities. including e ., cell ellL interpersonal and communielltion skills.
Economist (Andean region)
Salary lll1d frmgc benefils for the post WJII be hiGhly compcl llll"{'. commensu rule wi th qualifications and e:-.periencc. Please send applicalions/nominations under confidential cover. wjlh Ihe post marked. to the Search Commillte for the Deal1 of the Faculty of Law. clo Prol"osl's Office. The Chinese Unil'ersit y of 1I0ng Kong. Shalin . N.T.. llong Kong Ifu:: (852) 2696 1462: ... -mai l: S(,Dean ;hip-Lllw@ uab .c uh~ .edu.hk I. All appl ications/nominations will be trcat... d in stnet confidenrx. The I\:rsonal lnrorn13tion Collecti o n Statcment will he prol'idl'(lupnn requcst. Considcmtion of applications/nominations will continue unti l Lhe post is filled . The Uni\"C rsily rcSCI"'!'es th~' right 10 fililhe post by invitation.
The Economist July 3rd 2010
Are you looking for cha llenging work?
Will conduct policy-oriented comparative economic research and provide advice on economic trends and deve lopment as pects in lhe And@an (@gionto op@rational unitsofthe Bank concerning the content and contribution to development of their cntial. along with souooquantitati,·e. spreads"ut and dmabase ab iliti.... Regional language skills will be given preference. T..,·el will be required . To apply for eilhcr of lhes.e positions. please emai l cover ie ner (with sa lary requ ireme nts) and resume in M icro",ft Word format to pe rsonnel @lif.eolll For more inform:ltio n On the IIF. plea of the Al13nhc. giVIng your career currency wher,;>ver YOu choose \1) lake it Joill d u i "tor~ network 01 expellcm;cu t'xl!I;uli'lt:s emu managers. all sel to be tomorrow's global blJSlness leaders.
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The Economist July 3rd 2010
86
Appointments
IIIFe Special Adviser
involve developing a coord inated approach across a broad range of
sustainable business. Candidates must be able to demonstrate an understanding of major global industries and the sustainabil ity challenges they face. Proven financial analyt ical skills and project management skills are essential. The position is based in central l ondon, and includes international travel. Candidates must be eligible to work in the UK. To apply for th is position, please submit a fu ll (V, with a covering letter outlining your suitability and salary expectations, to:
[email protected] ( losing date for applications: 30th July 2010
[mlll-Ie'm
PROJECT M ANAG ER Bela rus Investment C lima te Project Minsk, Bela rus
experience and an understandi ng of environmental issues to hel p
industries to facili tate the development of innovative approaches to
~ • Demonstrated knowledge of the latee~t
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• SlrO"1; kno"ledge of in"colmell t genef'Jlio" and promOliOIl either from privale seclor backgrourKl or public agency e"perie"ce; • Stro"s analytical skills. excelle"t presen\aliOIl all" facilitation skills: • Excelle "t Ellglish wrillell a,Kl oral com' ''II"ication skills, flue "cy i" Russian is preferred.
To appl y please visi t www-ifc.org,Careers pagc. Click on Cllrrent OppOrillllilies - J ob re/erellce # 101396 Deadline for applil-atilln ~ - July 15, 2010
www.princescharities.org
Deputy Director, Regulation and Public Policy KHAZANAH Nt\S IQNAL
ECONOM ISTS KhaZanah Reseuch and In~estrnenl Strategy OM sJon (KRlS).
Ktlazanah Nasl on ~1 SerhoKi, Kuala l~mpur. IoIalavsli Khalanilh Naslonal Sernad is the ~mnent 01 MalaysIa'> strategic investment ~rm. As one ol 1te UllStteS r:J the IliUDns commercral assets. O~I ro lt IS to promote econom.( growth ~ncl matesuateB'c Inl'e5tments on tleh ~1f ~f the M.JlaYSIOl/l BO'lemmenL Our VISiOn is tG bta leading Slraltglt i,ytstmenl houst tha: c~atts $uuarnab t va ue lor" ~
O/)iIl ly compelJt/Ye Ma laYSia.
We ha'!e vacancits fo r (ronomlSts 10 tit pill 01o~r Khazanah Flesea-ch and Investment
Sltategv OrvlSIOO (KRIS), auali fiu tlon and requirtmenlS;
Atlusta pasq~radualt degret in [COMmi<s (PhO preI~rred ) with ~alisatHln In Inttusu al Organisation. Econonelllt5. f rnilOoal [conomlCS. Reg onal EconomICS ard ECOI'lOI1"IC Developmenl & Growth: (ompetenl in the 1J5e 01 SlallSlrcoli W/lware proglilm~ (90S, SPSS. STATA., [ -Views): utt'lent aNlylical and ccmmunlcalion skills: and Prtyl:lUS tJqlenence in rt'Starch a1(l a pItIl'cahon rt'WId In any of the aboYt-n enllOned ~le.$wlli becoosldfltd ~ plus, Those who h~ ~e rOO!ntly camplete( ItU'l1 DtctS 1~~1 WOt
The Pro;ect shall be developed in conformity with best international practices lor construction, operation, and management of social and enVironmental issues.
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and flflilnce 01 t(()so-.o.NdIe-s 10 a.cCR'.Jte Plftlale seeler pa r.,.fiJ>/_. ip@(lll-:alyln It. ~ dl$lnOlAIOO seclOl, FOI II>f; pu<post'. 111\ol"51w1!d I:e, a member of the WoJ Id &.In!. G,OUII. 4S lIS le.!d ~'I5Of rOl Wuctur"'9 herl ~\("I!\1O"1 or lhe conp.o..,,~ Cy in lhe operdlion of Ihe Bamako-Senou airpon "ith tl>e participation of pri"ate capital: !)e"eloping and maintaini"g airport facilities i" good "'orking cOlodition tl>ro,)g.h .ub'tantial inve.tment.: -
Raising lhe quality of se " 'ices pH",idcd security.
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The tender process involves a pre-qualification phase in acmrdance with Decree No. 08-4R51P-R~t of Augusl 1 I. 1008. Interested Investor< may obtain further information and the pre-qualification documents alollS "ill> the i"ranna1ion nlelllOrdlldUIII by SC loding a wri((en reqllCSt to the Dire,·tion Admi niS!",!ive et Financiere du Mini,!ere de rEquipement et des Transports. UP: 78: Telephone: +123 20 23 14 41: fu: +223 10 23 90 60:. Email: lIlw:cabdoula)-cl @yahoo.lr;Dars.lamliBamako - IUpubliqueduMali ..... ith.copy to the Coordinateur du Projet d'Appui a la Croi"ance COllcdina'13,r @pacmaliJlq: and to Chef de Projet de rannulation ct de mise en place d'u" Partenariat Public-Privt des atropons du ~1ali bad )- DiaD~ml @)·ahoo .rr lx:fOKJuly 15th. 2010. This notice is trans/ale,/from f"rench. The f"rencll version will premil.
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rECHNICAL: ADVISORTRA;\ISn IO\:AL JUS nCE
The Jus~ce law and Order (JlOSl i~ in the proce-ss of re·buddll1g the lustice Itwctures In the cooHict affeaed areas ,md 6elielop,ng an appropriate polICy and legal framework for accoontability, reconciliatioo and ttle tranSItion trom conflict to peace in Uganda
JL OS WIShes to recrUit an Internationa l Technical AtMSOf for TranSlllooal JIISllce who WID be responsibJe for prOYiding programme manilgeme/lt \Oppor~ polrey and planning and tedvuca l advKe to ensu re the IOCcesslul development ot an app roprtate tran~ttooal justtce system in Uganda with'n ttle framework of JlOS Tr.e Technica l Advtsor win be responSIble for polk)' formulation, planning and morutoring the ImpJementation of Iran~t"mal justICe programmes: plO'VlSK.lfI of te.~m.~ ..~ ? .J .I!!......:-4.0 ......~4. 5 ....... :-.1:.~ .........7.~:!,.~P!.........~~,~ .':I!Y. ... :'9:.~ .......~.~;!. ....... ~.!A , ':I., .!H~........... _ .... :+.:9.:~ ..I!!......;.!:? .. ,... ~~: ?........ ~b! ..........~? & .~ p.r.........~.~:~..J.~~ .... ;9:.~ ........~.\ ;~ .........~:~.
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