THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA GIFT OF
HORACE W. CARPENTIER
Pakistan Historical Society Publications No...
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA GIFT OF
HORACE W. CARPENTIER
Pakistan Historical Society Publications No.
7.
THE DREAMS OF TIPU SULTAN
Translated from the original Persian
with an Introduction and Notes
By
MAHMUD
HUSA1N,
Professor of History,
Ph. D.
University of Karachi
CARPENTIER
CI
7)S4?0
CONTENTS Acknowledgements Translator's Introduction
A Note on
Tipu Sultan's Calendar
Tipu Sultan's Preface
Dream
Dream
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The express
who
editor
his
deep
helped
India
of
this
gratitude
him
in
Library
Office
book
little
its
wishes
To
preparation.
he
is
to
those friends
all
to
the
particularly thank-
ful for permitting him to obtain a microfilm and a photostatic copy of the original manuin
script
their
copy of this manuscript
Bibliotheque
A
of
the
was procured from
the
possession.
Nationale,
rotograph
Paris,
the
through
kindness of Dr. R. Curiel, Director of Archae-
those
who
tion,
annotation,
special
assisted
mention of
him etc.,
in
he
the is
History,
lecturer
in the
task
of transla-
happy
to
make
Mr. ^akariyya Mail of the Mr. Syed Abdur
Pakistan Historical Society and Rahman, a research scholar in
of
From among
Government of Pakistan.
ology,
University
Jamia
of
College.
the
Department
Karachi,
now
a
)oA
o)
1
INTRODUCTION In the India Office Library there
a
is
very valuable and interesting manuscript
Tipu Sultan's dreams in his It was discovered by writing.
containing
own hand
1
Colonel Kirkpatrick 2
memobed-chamber when
among
randa in the Sultan's
other
the palace was subjected to a thorough search after the fall of Seringapatam, in
May
Habibullah,
1799.
Tipu Sultan was time 1
the
Herman
Library
of
the
Munshi of
said to be present at the
was
manuscript Ethe,
the
Catalogue
of
India Office, Vol. I,
Persian
No. 3001.
discovered. Manuscripts
in
the
The Bibliotheque
Nationale of Paris has a copy of this document which was made in 1822 for the Bibliotheque Royale, as it was then called. See the Catalogue of the Bibliotheque Nationale, have secured photostatic copies of the SuppL Pers., 937. I original manuscript in the I ndia Office as well as of in the Bibliotheque 2
Kirkpatrick, W.,
its
copy
Nationale. is
the editor
of
Select
Letters
of
Because of his knowledge of London, 1 8 1 1 oriental languages and experience of different courts in entrusted with the task of examining and India, he was Tippoo Sultaun,
reporting
he
did.
on the
.
documents seized
from the palace, which
8
According
knew of
to
the
Habibullah Kirkpatrick, existence of such a manu-
but Tipu Sultan had so successfully concealed it that this confidant of his
script
had never before seen
it.
Tipu Sultan was
have always manifested peculiar anxiety to hide it from the view of any who happened to approach while he was either to
said
reading or writing in this
1800,
23, as
name
Hugh
of
Inglis,
1
Later,
or
diary,
the
(as
"register",
Wellesley to of the Court of
Marquis
Chairman
Directors of the East India
Major
on April
termed, was presented in
has been
it
the
little
it.
Company, by
he then was) Alexander Beat-
2
Thus belonging to the Library of the East India Company, London, it is
son.
now
in
Library. 1
with
Beatson,
Tippoo Sultaun,
Memoranda 2
possession of the India Office have Entries in this register A View of the Origin and Conduct of War
At
one
London,
in English
time
aid-de-camp to the
Surveyor-General author of one of the
Tipu Sultan,
1800,
by Beatson
first
cited above.
army
to
in
p.
196.
See
also
in the manuscript
the
itself.
Marquis Wellesley and the
field;
Beatson
is
the
books published by a British writer on
been made in what Ethe has called "a The dreams and other
fearful Shakista".
on the first thirty- two pages of the register and again on eleven pages towards the end of it. In between notes are recorded
number of pages
a large
The 5!
size
of
the register
are is
7|
left
blank.
inches
by
inches.
In
this
diary, apart
from a few other
notes, Tipu Sultan has put down some of his dreams. Obviously it cannot be con-
sidered a complete register of his dreams. It is more likely that he wrote out only
such dreams in recording.
dreams
it
The
as first
he thought of
worth
recorded
the
dated 1785, the last 1798, coverOf some ing a period of thirteen years. of these dreams he has given his own is
Leaving aside other memoranda, the dreams recorded are thirtyseven in number. They are all in Persian. interpretations.
1
1 Six of these dreams (Nos. 12, 13, 14, 17, 24 and 28) have been translated by Beatson and given in the form of an appendix to his book cited above, appendix XXXV, pp.
—
GIX-GXII
10
In a few places the language is defective and ungrammatical, but what is even more astonishing takes.
contains spelling misfollowing list which is not that
is
The
it
exhaustive will give spellings
:
—
Sjls
for
an idea of the mis-
ji
jUa*
r
lor
for
sjA$* for *j*Lp\ for
1,3,9,1
8)
\jpz^>
(Dream
9)
J\j>c^
(Dream
16)
(Dream v
13) DJ
f
~i*u\y**ji tor
and 30)
oj^j (Dream
for
for
i
iand27)
^z^u\.».ji 1'.
su.1^ J'ltf
(Dream
16)
u^Uok (Dream 21) **A.J
(Dream
30)
rte*»\ for rOfeJiUl (In the last note) (Sj***
for
d?^u« (In the last note)
And last but not least plfcjl
for
oTy (which occurs twice in Dream No. 8)
11
have eulogized not character but his and his skill, literary
Court historians
Sultan's
Tipu
only
scholarship and mastery of the Persian language has been
taken for granted. reviled
his
British historians
have
disregarding the
character,
views of the court historians, but they have accepted their contention with regard to his scholastic attainments. The facts are the other
way
round.
It
is
not essential
that a great man should also be a master of some language or other which, in any case,
Tipu Sultan was
of fifteen onwards
we
not.
see
From
the age
him accompany-
ing his father in the various wars which he fought. It is not to be wondered at that he could not receive systematic education of the type that he might have
had he
received
lived
in
more peaceful
times.
Now
a word about the contents of the
Of
dreams thirty-seven recorded the majority are concerned with
dreams.
his
wars
the
against
the
British
and
their
12
Such are
allies.
dreams
I,
III,
VII,
XIV, XX, XXI, XXIV, XXV, XXVIII, XXIX, XXXII and XXXVI.
XI,
There are several other dreams which give victory in tidings of general success and war such as dreams II, IV, V, VI, IX,
XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXII, XXIII, XXVII, XXVIII, and XXXIII. Some of the dreams point to his intense and veneration for the Prophet, Hadrat Ali and other Muslim saints and sufis. This is manifest from dreams XXXI XXXIV and VIII, X, XII, love
XXXV. In
some of
the
dreams
clear indication that the
there
is
dream was record-
ed in the register immediately after Tipu Sultan woke up. Towards the end of
dream
III,
for instance,
he
says,
"While
this conversation was still in progress, I woke up and wrote down the contents of the dream immediately", and at the end of dream IV, he records, "At this juncture the dream." I woke up and wrote down
13
Tipu Sultan has of his dreams. Such
Some
In dream the
interprets
woman
XXXI.
and
of these interpretations
interesting.
some
the case with dreams
XXVIII
XVII,
XIII,
also interpreted is
are
highly
XIII Tipu Sultan man's
in
dress
as
enemy, the Marhattas, against whom he was waging a war at that time. In
his
dream XXVIII the dominions of
his
three enemies,
the Marhattas
tish,
three silver trays
been interpreted
have
dates
fresh
of
as the
the Bri-
and the Nizam, which,
he hoped, would fall into his hands. As has been mentioned above, Tipu dreams and Sultan's diary consists of
so
other
certain
memoranda.
In
this
the reader will find the translation
dreams
the
As
to
piece
The to
the
has
recorded other
been
book of
all
Sultan.
by Tipu memoranda, only one
selected
various items in the
for
translation.
memoranda
relate
some of the events of Tipu Sultan's time
or episodes in his instance,
one
life.
finds
the
In one
place, for
names of persons
14 or
killed
and
wounded
in
a
certain
in another, the time of
departure from, or arrival on a particular occasion.
Tipu
in,
battle,
Sultan's
the Capital
A
present given a Sultan to by Tipu young couple on the occasion of their betrothal also finds a
A
from the report received about the of enormous mofussil discovery footprints in a field has been included in mention.
the
diary
Tipu
which,
Sultan's
he asked one of in
the
diary.
is
incidentally,
own
not
in
hand-writing. Perhaps secretaries to insert
his
There
is
also
recorded
it
a
Muhammad
dream of one,
Aslam, Sayyid Sultan he which concerning Tipu thought it fit to insert along with his own dreams. This piece seemed to fit into the scheme of the present book and has, therefore,
been translated. The dominant note throughout these dreams is what was uppermost in Tipu Sultan's
from
mind
the
—how
foreign
psycho-analyst
may
to free
yoke.
have
his
country
Whatever to
say
the
about
!5
them, to a student of history
importance to discover
how
of greater Tipu Sultan
it is
himself interpreted these dreams and how they influenced his actions. From a perusal
of this register
it
becomes clear that
hours of sleep were as devoted to the cause of freedom as the hours while he his
was awake.
A NOTE ON TIPU SULTAN'S CALENDAR the reforms introduced by Tipu Sultan was the reform of the calendar.
Among
It is
of
it
necessary to have an understanding for the proper appreciation of the
dates
mentioned
by Tipu Sultan
in this
book.
The tribute
function of the calendar
time
into
certain
is
to
dis-
such
periods
as
hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc. The solar day is determined by the daily rotation of the earth
on
its
axis
and the
alternation of light and darkness and the solar year by the revolution of the earth
around the sun which completes the of the seasons. But the
moon around
it
is
circles
the revolution of
the earth which yields
the month.
the
Thus the solar day, the lunar month may be
natural divisions
of time.
solar year
and
termed
the
The Muslim
18 calendar, however,
is
a lunar calendar in
which twelve lunar months make a year, of the circle of seasons.
irrespective
Muslim
era,
Medina
in
The
well known, is counted from the year of the hijrat or migration of the Prophet of Islam from Mecca to as
is
The result of the 622, A.D. adoption of the lunar year by the Muslims has been that the Muslim festivals do not fall
all
any particular seasons and run through the seasons of the year, and in about 32-^ in
solar years the
starting
point.
Muslim year returns to Muslim governments,
its
in
following this calendar, have experienced administrative difficulty in the collection
of agricultural taxes since crops are linked up with the seasons whereas the
Muslim year is not. Consequently attempts have been made in Muslim history to devise ways
and
difficulty.
means for overcoming this While for religious purposes the
lunar year has been treated as sacrosanct, other purposes a number of devices
for
have been
adopted from
time
to
time.
19
In
this
connection of the
efforts
Fatimid
of the
A.H.,
366 Tai
may be mentioned Al-Aziz,
Abbasid
the
about at-
Caliph
(363-381 A.H.), of the Seljuq Malik Shah, assisted in his efforts by the famous poet,
In
Umar Khayyam
the
nineteenth
.Government also was described as
(circa
471,
A.H.)
century the Ottoman turned towards what Islak-et-teqwim.
In India the Muslims found that the
Hindus had from very early times employed luni-solar cycles made up of a combination of solar and lunar years in which the lunar year was periodically adjusted to the solar year. The Hindu rites and festivals were regulated by the lunar year and ;
life, important events such as choosing of an auspicious occasion
in domestic
the
marriage or undertaking a journey were regulated by the lunar calendar.
for
But
this
calendar
itself
was
subject
to
adjustments to the solar calendar by the addition of intercalary months. The Hindu
calendar also recognized the existence of
20 a sixty-year cycle known as "Brihaspati Chakra". Tipu Sultan was apparently influenced by these factors. The reforms introduced by Tipu Sultan in the prevalent Muslim calendar consisted of the following: He reckoned the Muslim era not from
occurring in 622 but from the advent of Islam in 609 A.C. He chose to " " call this era Maulud-i- Muhammad the the
hijrat
,
era reckoned from the birth of
Muhammad.
Actually, however, his era begins not with the birth of the Prophet but with the proclamation of prophet-hood by Muhammad.
In
words, his era begins earlier than the hijrat.
other
years
Another Sultan
in
measure connection
thirteen
adopted by Tipu with the calendar
was the adoption of the Hindu months and the sixty-year cycle. He, however, various Hindu to the new names gave months.
Similarly
each year in the 60given a distinct name.
year cycle was In designating the months and years, he
21
made
use of the
abjad
and
abtath
systems of evaluating every letter of the alphabet in terms of numbers. The abjad system which follows the ancient order of the
alphabet had been quite common throughout the Muslim world for several centuries.
In addition to
employed
known is
this,
another
as abtath in
however, Tipu Sultan system
of
valuation
which the order of letters
the one that exists in the Arabic script. also called it "hisab-i-zar*\
He
The
numerical
value
of each
according to the traditional Abjad is
as follows:
7-
1—
—
letter
system
22 J
23
The names adopted cording to
were
:
—
the Abjad
for the
months
ac-
and Abtath systems
25
adopted the system of intercalary months. There was, however, a little difference between his system and the
Tipu Sultan
also
Hindu system. Whereas these months were added by the Hindus towards the end of the year, Tipu Sultan added traditional
them
in the beginning.
The names given
to each year in the 60-
year cycle were as follows:
—
26
ABJAD ii.
Haj
12.
Jahd
13.
Jihad
14.
Wajid
15.
Yad
16.
Zuhd
17.
Jawza
18.
Hai
19.
Wahid
20.
Buduh
21.
Tayyib
22.
Tayib
23.
Yuz
24.
Kad
25.
Hawi
26.
Kabad
27.
Agah
W-''
27
ABTATH
ABJAD 28.
Wahid
29.
Yahi
»L
Zad
30.
Kai
^T
Zar
31.
Kaya
32.
Kabud
33-
Ibl
Jo
34.
Dil
Ji
35.
Dal
Jb
Zartab
s-^jj
36.
Jibal
Rabtaz
J^Vj
37.
Zaki
ju ^n
38.
Azal
39.
Jalu (or
Dadar
dU^
jbb
JJ
L5"
Zaar
j'j
syf
Bazr
j3*
Jj| 1
I
Zarab oat a
4»T jj l~*«
Sakh
*U
Sakha
IkL,
Daraz
jj^
Jilau.)
40.
Dalw
41.
Ma
^$ *L
Xr
Dasa
L,b
Sha
42.
Kabk
43.
Jam
^
Sarab
44.
Jaam
>U
Shata
Sara
b lj
cJ
L, .*«
\zA
28
ABTATH
ABJAD 45.
Adam
46.
Wali
Sihr
4 7.
Waali
Sahir
48.
Kawkab,
Rasikh
49.
Kawakib^
Zabarjad
52. 53.
Hamid
Barish
54.
Jan
Rastar
55.
Adan
Bashtar
56.
Huma
57.
Majid
Sharh
58.
Kuhl
Rushd
59.
Jahan
Sabah
60.
Mujiz
Irshad
51.
&
j9
^l,
^
Shad
Yam Dawam Hamd
50.
jL.ji\
jfc
Hirasat 1*
Saz
Shadab
La
Basharat
^ j
U
U^ ^iij
oj U*j
^L^ ate*l
29 Before refer
to
Sultan
mention,
concluding it is necessary to one more innovation of Tipu
which, for
indeed,
deserves
special
without
comprehending it, the dates in this register would be inexpliLike the Arabic script which is cable. written from right to left, Tipu Sultan wrote figures also in this manner. Thus he wrote 54 as 45, 132 as 231, and 1217 as 712 1. In the register he writes his figures uniformly in this manner, although, to avoid unnecessary confusion, the translator has followed the normal practice.
THE
DREAMS OF TIPU SULTAN
PREFACE THE BOOK OF DREAMS The dreams
I
have had and
am
having are being
written in (this register).
'JAM- ,'vC^
'/:
;;-•;
A
2
'
page from Tipu Sultan's Book of Dreams.
Dream
I
THREE OFFICERS OF THE
MARHATTA ARMY On
the
i
st
of the lunar
month Ahmadi,
on Thursday night, in the beginning of when three the year Dalw, 1200 A.H. the night five watches of and quarters were over, while at Shamsabad, I had a dream: It appeared to me as if the 1
,
army had
Marhatta
arrived
and
I
was
throwing out a challenge to its commander and to come forward fight singly. A
Muslim
officer of the
army accepted the In the battle-field, while both challenge. the armies were facing each other, I killed the
Muslim
officer
with one single strike
of the sword. Thereupon the commander of the army, who was a youth, fled. I pursued
and overtook him and finished I.
For the
him. Similarly names
in this diary
of months and
and generally
in I
one stroke killed
years used by
a
I
third
Tipu Sultan
for his calendar,^* pp. 17
—33.
36 officer
of importance.
Having thus
killed
three officers with one strike each, I
back
to
my men
Then cers
I
and
saw
came
triumphant and victorious.
dream
in the
Sahib
Haidar
meals in a house.
I
all
my
1
was
taking tired
offi-
their
and was
Those present,
asking for drinking water.
paying compliments, requested me to drink water after taking food. In the after
meanwhile a venerable old man wearing a white beard and with cream and sweets in his hands appeared and asked me to partake of them. I took these things from
him and
them
after eating
I said to
myself:
"I have never before taken such savoury
and
tasteful
Then, quired
food;
after
is
simply delicious."
performing
from
had destroyed
The
it
my
officers
the
army
ablution,
I
en-
whether they unbeof the
of the Haidari
army had replied that they had not and that they had taken no initiative in the matter and lievers.
1
A
officers
It was Haidar cousin of Tipu Sultan's father, Haidar Ali. the of the Raja of Mysore, employrrient Sahib, himself in
who had
first
introduced Haidar Ali to the Raja.
37
been
orders.
Meanwhile, they unbelievers the of together army with the booty was stationed in the villages. awaiting
said, the
Having
alerted
my
army,
for the place,
took
away
attendant
and
tied
my I
told
1
2
once started
the sword from it
my
to
Sayyid
officers
war.
for
Junaid, to
And
waist.
Ghaffar2
1
and other
men
I at
Sayyid
be ready with their that
is
all.
A trusted officer of Tipu Sultan's army. Sayyid Ghaffar, formerly belonging to the army of the Nawab of Arcot, was a confidant of Tipu Sultan; a very brave and
He war
loyal
person and an officer of his
died fighting at Seringapatam in
Haidari,
which Tipu Sultan himself was p.
390.
army
in the last
since
1782.
Anglo-Mysore
killed.
Nishan-i-
Dream
II
THE CRESCENT It
was Sunday, the night of Monday,
of the
on
lunar side
this
year the 27th of ZMhijja, of Shahidpur by the river
Kaveri, about the time of the false dawn It appeared to me that I had a dream: 1
as if along
with other people
on a high spot looking the
I
for the
was standing
new moon
month of Ramadan. None could
of
see the
however, saw a very slender and beautiful crescent surrounded by several stars
moon.
I,
I seemed to be pointing of the pleiades. the new moon to all others present and
telling
be
them
that, if
God
willed, 'Id
would
celebrated the following day .... That
is all.
1
Seringapatam, the Capital of Tipu Sultan, is situated on the Kaveri. In history and literature the river has come to be closely interlinked
with the
memory
of
Tipu
Sultan.
Dream
III
SEATING A KING ON THE THRONE OF DELHI MUNIFICENT
On the
the
year
GOD
15th
!
Bahari,
from the birth of
12 15,
Sha,
month
of the
Muhammad, on Monday when of the day remained,
five
watches
had a dream:
I
had alighted in the vicinity of Delhi, and Sindhia, the Marhatta Chief, had along with his army, similarly It
seemed
encamped
as if I
of the Delhi
my
word,
uddin
sat
fine officer
army was nearby. Giving him ordered him to come to me.
I
The above mentioned 1
A
quite close to us.
in
front
lay before them.
I
and Qutbof me and a rosary officer
asked the officer men-
tioned above to take an oath on the rosary
which symbolises God's word 1
One
of the generals of
Tipu Sultan,
of the mission that was sent to the
Nizam
which
after
He was in
a
1787.
member
40 I
promised
officer,
rosary.
I
would
thereupon,
Then
tell
him something. The
took the oath on the
I said to
him
:
"You along
your men and Qutbuddin Khan along with the men of our own army should both encamp in front of the with
unbelievers and,
if
God
wills,
I
shall
be
going to Delhi to make arrangements for administration and seat a king on the
its
throne,
since
this
Islam.
Once
I
will
strength
to
that, I shall
be
give
have done
able to punish the unbelievers thoroughly." in this still conversation was
While
up and wrote down the contents of the dream immediately. progress,
This
is all.
I
woke
Dream IV
THE PITCHERS OF MILK
O
Merciful God!
On
the
1
month Taqi, of
8th of the
the
year 1218, from the birth of Muhammad, on the night of Wednesday, when four
watches were yet to go and while returning after the conquest of the entrenchments of
Rama
near
Nayar Salamabad2
1
,
seemed milking
as if a
a
had
person
cow had of fresh
pitchers
Madher
at I
a
milk
Leader of the Malabar insurgents. Nayars, in general,
2
see
before
me and this
The contention of mangalam. Salamabad was the name given Kirkpatrick's
4th ed., p.
mud
Banglori into II,
p.
503)
Letters of Tipu
Vol.
181.
milk
For a description of the Castes and Tribes of
E. Thurston.
Southern India, Madras, 1909, Vol. V, pp. 283-413. Salamabad was the name given by Tipu Sultan to
tanat-i-Khudadad,
It
immediately after brought two small
was saying that he had brought 1
Kerah
dream:
Urdu and
Mahmud to is
Sultan,
Coimbatore not
Satyathat
Bangalori
(vide Sal-
corroborated
translated
by
entitled Sahifa-i-Tipu
by
MahSultan,
42
me
from the udder and that it was very sweet, tasteful and rich in butter. I took the pitchers from his hand and found this fresh milk bubbling with for
straight
on top. After telling the man that the milk must be very sweet and agreeable to the palate, I took the milk and kept it with me. At this juncture I woke up and wrote down the particles of butter
dream.
scattered
Dream V
THE SEA COCOANUTS Truthful God!
On
the 2 1 st night of the
the
jadi,
following
and corresponding
day to
month ZabarTuesday,
being
the
19th
night
when morning was about
of
to
dawn, had the following dream: I seemed to have gone up to the large upper chamber where I saw forty Ziqa'd,
at Patan,
to
fifty
the Capital,
sea
cocoa-nuts.
I
The
smallest
of
was about the size of a lemon and the biggest was as large as a small pitcher. 1 took them all and kept them in front of me. I cut one of the cocoa-nuts and I praised the water of drank its water. the cocoa-nut and said that it was exI had tasted tremely sweet and refreshing. these
the
water
of
sea
cocoa-nuts
previously
on two or three occasions but had found it brackish. I was surprised to find the
44 water of these cocoa-nuts so sweet. In the
meantime certain women who were strangers and were sitting there, cut one of the bigger cocoa-nuts and removing its cover opened it and passing on the pulp to me said that it was very sweet. I, thus, took it
in
my hand.
The
other cocoa-nuts were
lying in front of
me when
and did not again go
to sleep.
still
I
woke up
Dream VI
THE BERYL MINE O
Merciful God!
On
the 24th/ the following day being venerable old Saturday, I had a dream:
A
man
appeared with a large piece of beryl
hand and said that a mine of precious stone was situated in the
in his
named
after 2
This
(Gasht). 1
The
month
the 24th in the 8
Makhdum
is
of the
hill
same month
is
hill
Jahanian Jahan situated
is
not mentioned in
this
this
meant
near
dream but apparently
as has
been mentioned
dream immediately preceding.
mentions "Makhdum Jahanian Jahan," Tipu Sultan an omission. Makhdum "Gasht" being apparently title of Jahan Gasht was the popular Jahanian Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari, the famous saint of Uchh in the Bhawalpur Division of West Pakistan, He was born in 1307 and died in 1386 at Uchh where he was buried. He " " travelled widely and thus came to be known as Jahangasht refers to the hill near Salem or world-rover. Sultan Tipu
named
after
him. This
hill is still
the Muslims of the locality about seventeen miles from
and
known by is
this
name amongst
situated at a distance of
Salem. Coffee is grown on it a source of supply for aluminium and sand used in It the manufacture of sand-paper. is also known by the names of Arkad and Sarwerayan.
and
it is
46 Salem. Accordingly,
I
ordered trusted indi-
viduals to go and find out what was the actual position as regards the beryl mine.
Dream VII
THE LINE OF ENTRENCHMENTS On
of the year Sarab, of
month Khusrawi,
17th of the
the
Muhammad,
1217,
from the birth
Salamabad
at
1
I
,
had
a
dream: The army of the Sarkar-i-Ahmadi2 seemed ments
have built a
to
for besieging a fort within
son of Basalat Jang.
were sueing
excellent
the
after
stage I 1
See
2
One
under
The people within
the
and
I I
had planned was looking
At
of entrenchments.
woke up.
note of
line
the
Ali
for mercy.
strategems
which were
Khan and
Nizam
the progeny of
fort
of entrench-
line
I
had
Dream No.
this
this
dream while
IV.
the names by which Tipu Sultan's
Government was
known, others being Sarkar-i-Haidari and Saltanat-i-Khudadad which became the most popular name for his kingdom. Sarkar-i-
Ahmadi should not be confused
i-Ahmadi, the his
army
to
name
given
with
by Tipu Sultan
which new converts
to Islam
the
Lashkar-
to a section
were
of
recruited.
48 resting before the departure of Qutbuddin Khan and Ali Raza to Nizam Ali Khan. 3
3 It
in connection with the mission that the Nizam had sent negotiate peace that he had asked Tipu Sultan to Qutbuddin Khan and Ali Raza Khan to accompany the Nizam's agents to Hyderabad to secure the establishment of a political as well as matrimonial alliance by marrying his son to the Nizam's daughter. Tipu Sultan's represen-
was to
tatives
reached
the
Nizam's court in February, 1889.
Dream VIII
THE SACRED RELICS FROM HADRAT BANDAH-NAWAZ On
the 5th of the
month Raz Thamari,
of the year Shata,
corresponding to the from the birth of 12 18,
Shawwal, Muhammad, on Thursday, while returning to Patan, the Capital, at Salamabad, I had a dream: I saw coming two aged 3rd
holy persons, both being
brothers,
with
me baggage provisions. They they had come according to the orders Bandah-nawaz of Hadrat who had and
told
1
1
Hadrat Bandah-nawaz (kind Gesu-daraz (the long-haired), a famous saint who spent the
to is
servants),
the
last
title
known
also
of Sayyid
as
Muhammad,
twenty-two years of his
life
Gulbarga during the rule of Firuz Shah and Ahmad Shah Bahmani; b. 721, d. 825 A.H. He was buried at Gulbarga. There was a tradition in the family of Tipu Sultan from the time of his great-grand-father of attachment to and veneration for the tomb of the Gesu-daraz (vide Nishan-iat
Haidari, p. 6) . Jalaluddin Husaini
in
the
Cambridge
is
the
name of the
saint given
History of India (Vol. Ill, p. Khan in his History of Tipu Sultan
393)
borrowed by M. H. which is not supported by any of the well known authorities on the subject.
50
Then they gave
sent certain sacred relics.
me a few pieces from the covers of the Ka'bah, the
Madinah-i-Munawwarah and
of Hadrat Bandah-nawaz, a
the
copy
tomb
of the
Holy Qur'an and some sugar-candy. I took the sacred relics and raised them to my head. I then opened the Qur'an and found it was written
in a beautiful hand.
Every
page
of the Qur'an had the name of the scribe On some of the pages written on it. I noticed the names of Hadrat Bandah-
Nawaz and
Both
other saints.
persons said to
me that
this
the
holy
copy of the Holy
Qur'an had been written by several saints and Hadrat that and calligraphists
Bandah-nawaz used from
this
copy.
to
The
recite
saint
constantly
had done a
great favour, they added, by sending this copy for me. They also pointed out that
from among the Hadrat Bandah-nawaz and it was their custom to recite the Fatihah at his tomb and to offer sacrifices Then I read those verses around it. they themselves of descendants
were
51
(of
the
Holy
inscribed in fine
of the
tomb.
The same the name eleven
which had been handwriting on the gate
Qur'an)
At
this
afternoon of
Hadrat
cauldrons
I
point
I
woke up.
offered Fatihah in
Bandah-nawaz
of sweets.
on
Dream IX
THE WHITE ELEPHANT FROM CHINA On
the
3rd
which happened the
month Thamari
of the to
be the
last
night of
month of Ramadan followed by
'Id
the next morning, the year Shata, 12 18, from the birth of Muhammad, at a place on the outskirts of Salamabad, while the
army was returning from Farrukhi, I had I seemed to have gone out a dream 1
:
for a Shikar of elephants
and captured from
the jungle two or three
numbering
about
herds of elephants two hundred, like a
Having chosen the good male elephants and after handing them over to the mahouts, the female-elephants and flock
of sheep.
the young ones were set free in the jungle. New name given by Tipu Sultan to Ferokh, now a village
1
in the
Ernad
district in
Madras.
It
was an
important
to place in the time of Tipu Sultan who, indeed, tried the town to the position of a rival to Calicut.
raise
53
The
elephants did not run
freed
and continued to
to stroll there.
with
the
palace along elephants. In front of
my
Then
I
away came
the
captured palace, I found
men on two
white elephants and two horses with several foot-men carrying
along
and guns who had come from somewhere standing to give me a salute. I also stood up and enquired from them where they had come from. They replied they had come from beyond our country's spears
along with the agents of the Emperor of China. I asked them to enter the palace and take a seat in the Diwan-i-
frontier
Am
and then
called
upon the agents of
me. The two appear agents along with the two elephants and the two horses presented themselves accord-
China
ingly.
to
On
before
reaching the
place of obeisance
they paid their respects. When they proceeded towards me I asked the arz-begi 1
to stand up, a practice
which
is
observed
in the case of ambassadors. I noticed that The person who presents the pelitions to the chief.
1
54 both the persons were old and wore white beards. I asked them to sit down. Then enquiring after the health of the Emperor of China I enquired about the purpose of their visit. They said they had
after
no
in
object
view
other
than
the
promotion of greater friendship. I asked the elephants and horses to be brought near
me and I made
the elephants take a round.
enquired from them as to what was the mode of capturing elephants in their
I
country and explained to them the one prevalent in our own which consisted in capturing
a
whole
herd
of
elephants,
selecting the better ones from among them and setting the rest free in the jungle. I
invited
them
to
have a look at the
ele-
phants captured that very day. I then ordered the elephants captured that day to be brought. Three or four such elephants
were
agents. I told
horses
placed
them
before
the
Chinese
that the elephants
and
which the Emperor of China had
55
and friendship were, indeed, very good, and that such was a charming interchange friendly sent as a token of affection
The
custom.
Sarkar-i-Ahmadi, I said to them,
possessed an elephant which was very white
and a
ever.
for
As
remembered some three
gesture was
friendly
for
example,
thousand years ago, the ruler of China had sent a present of a white elephant,
or four
a horse and a female
and
one could
slave
to
Alexander
read in the pages of the Sikandar-namah of Hadrat Nizami. this
still
1
Perhaps since then the Emperor of China, I added, had never sent such a present to until
anyone
it
had been
sent
to
the
Having said that I showed courtesy and kindness towards them.
Sarkar-i-Ahmadi. all
The
agents mentioned above were very
brave and experienced. i
Nizamuddin
the great Sufis
work
is
They
Abu Muhammad and poets of
Persia,
also pointed
bin
Ilyas
b.
Yusuf,
1140.
one of
His famous
Khamsa, a collection of five great epic poems, One of
which
is
titutes
the central
Sikandar-Namah.
The romance
theme of
this
poem.
of Alexander cons-
56 out that the
.
Chinese had never sent a
white elephant to anyone except Alexander and the Presence. In the meantime morning
dawned and
I rose.
Dream
X
THE TOP OF THE HILL On
the
29th
month Haidari,
of the
on Thursday, in the early hours of the morning, on the eve of the Marhatta War, at Patan, I had a dream: It seemed as
God Almighty
along with a few persons on elephants and horseback had gone for an excursion across the river. if this
servant of
The depth to
be somewhat
After for
of the water in the river seemed
crossing
less
the
than a man's height.
river
the
men
halted
a while for drying up the clothes.
also got
juncture
down from
my
the elephant.
elephant
and
an
At
I
this
elephant
that was standing near mine gave certain indications as if they were going to fight
among
themselves.
Although the
fight
had
not started as yet, I thought of climbing a hillock nearby in order that I might be at
a
safe
distance
from
the
elephants.
58
walked towards the hillock but on reaching it I found that there was no path leading to its top. I said to myself I must climb it somehow or the other. Since Slowly
I
was determined, I proceeded upwards. But I had gone only a few steps when I had to retreat. I again made up my mind and with great effort I ascended the hillock and reached the top. Owing to great fatigue, I was hardly looking at anything when I saw a small door in front. I entered the door and as soon as I went in, a venerI
able old man greeted
me with a "Salam
alaik",
asked me extreme kindness towards me. In front of to
man
come near him and
showed
saw a darwesh standing resThe crossed). pectfully (with his arms at and was clean great height very place and one could see a whole world from here. I was wondering how unusual was the
the old
I
occasion and
how
able old man.
At
Place: Patan.
extraordinary the vener-
woke up. Before the Marhatta War. this juncture, I
Dream XI
THE BEAR On
ioth of the
the
month designated
Thamari, the year Shata, 1218, from the of Muhammad, at Nazarabad while from Farrukhi 2 when returning our troops were about to give battle to the 1
birth
Nazarenes,
Nizam
3
and the Mar-
Ali
and, in accordance with the rules and regulations, I was encamped at a
hattas,
distance of about a mile from the army, I had a dream It was the night of Thurs:
day, the following day being Thursday, on which a parade was held. I saw a newly
made 1
New name
2 See 3
note
sword
fine
from
4
Nagar
brought
of Mysore.
under
The word used
is
Dream IX. "Nasara" which
is
the equivalent of Chris-
Meant, obviously, are the British. Nagar is the name of a town in the Nagar taluk of Shimoga district in Mysore. The town was taken by Haidar Ali in 1 763 who gave it the name of Haidarnagar and established It suffered a good deal in it his principal arsenal and mint. tians.
4
during the wars fought by Tipu Sultan who, however, strove
hard to restore
its
prosperity.
60 for
me.
I
unsheathed
it
and holding
it
in
I was praising it when people shouted that a bear was coming. I stood up and saw a very big bear heading towards
my hand
us. As soon as he came near me I struck him with my sword. With the very first strike I cut his throat and with the second his mouth which was cut into pieces and fell apart. Shortly afterwards came Muhammad Raza, a bear-leader, whom I had left,
while on the march, to kill bears. I enquired from him how many bears he had killed. The bear-leader, mentioned above, replied that he had killed four while one had wounded. In the escaped after being I woke meantime up since morning had already dawned. After taking breakfast I was to march to a distance of three miles for military exercises which I did. While the excursion was on, the bear-leader, mentioned above, came and informed me that he had killed two bears and flayed them while one had escaped "into his den after
receiving a
wound.
Dream XII
A MESSAGE FROM THE PROPHET
THROUGH HADRAT On
the
of the year the
Z
ar
month Haidari,
of the
2 1 st
Busd
1
accordance with
in
evaluation,
2
ALI
the
fortieth
year of the cycle, at the place where I had halted, on the farther side of the Tungabhadra, 3
had
I
as if
It appeared dream: to me was the Day of Judgement when
this
it
no one would be interested in anyone else. At that time a stranger of great strength and commanding stature with a bright face 1
From the Note on the Calendar names given to the fortieth year of are Dalw and Desa according to the abjad and
Corresponding to about it
would appear
the cycle
abtath evaluations,
would £ar
also
come
evaluation
786.
respectively
fication introduced at
2
1
that the
is
a
Busd seems
later stage.
to
40
the
(
same
=
to
be a modi-
Busd, according to abtath 2; (j» as
=
30; ^
=
8).
abtath evaluation, see
Note on the Calendar. 3
A
river of
Southern India, chief tributary
formed by the twin the Western Ghats.
rivers
of the
Krishna,
Tunga and Bhadra which run
in
62
and red beard and moustaches came to me and taking my hand in his, said to me 'Do you know who I am?' I told him I did not. He then said to me, "I am Murtaza Ali and the Messenger of God has said and is still repeating it that he would not set his foot in paradise without you and would wait for you and enter the paradise with you." I felt so happy and woke up. God is all powerful, and the Messenger is the :
intercessor. This suffices.
Dream XIII
A WOMAN IN MAN'S DRESS Prior
to
Marhattas
the at
attack
night
Shahnur
by
upon the
the
side
of
month KhusBusd, I had a dream: rawi, of the year It seemed to me as if a handsome young man, a stranger, came and sat down near me. I passed certain remarks in the manner on the 6th of the
Devgiri,
in
which one might,
talk to a is
not
course
woman.
my
I
custom
with
in
a playful mood,
then said to myself: "It to enter into playful
anyone."
Shortly
dis-
thereafter,
and walking a few paces, returned to loosen his hair from beneath his turban, and opening the fastenings of his robe, displayed his bosom, and I saw it was a woman." I immediately the youth rose,
and seated her and said to her: "Whereas formerly I had only guessed you were a woman, and I had cut jokes with you, called
64 it
is
now
definite that
you
man.
My
come
are a
woman
conjecture has true." In. the midst of this conver-
in the dress of a
morning dawned, and I woke up. I conveyed the contents of the dream to other people and interpreted it thus: That please God those Marhattas have put on the clothes of men, but in fact will
sation the
prove to be women. By the favour of God and the aid of His Messenger, on the 8th of the month and the year above mentioned,
on the morning of Saturday, I made a surprise attack upon the army of the unbelievers. Advancing with two or three hundred men, I myself penetrated the camp of the unbelievers, crushing them as I went, as far as the tent of
and they 1
all
Hari Pant
fled like
Pharkiah,
1
women.
general who fought against Tipu Sultan in the war which the latter waged against the Mar-
Well known
hattas
and
opponents.
Marhatta
the
Nizam and
Tipu
in
which he
Sultan's success
inflicted defeats
on the
battlefield
on
his
was not
terms of the peace treaty, since he was reflected in the keen on winning over the Marhattas to his side for the conflict which he envisaged with the English owing to the military preparations
and diplomatic moves of Lord Wellesley.
Dream XIV
DESTROYING THE ENEMY On the 8th of the month Ja'fari, of
the
year Shata, 12 18, from the birth of Muhammad, at Patan, the Capital, in the Darya Bagh, I had a dream: It seemed to me as a battle had taken place near with the Nazarenes and all the if
wood army of a
had dispersed and fled, and the favour of God the army of the Sarkar-i-
the Nazarenes
by Ahmadi had been victorious. The officer of the unbelievers, with a few Nazarenes, retreated into a large house and closed
I asked my people as to what be done. They advised me to break open the door, in order that the house which was ornamented might suffer no I said to them that the house was damage.
the door.
was
built fore
to
of bricks
we should
and mortar, and thereset fire and burn down
the gate and destroy all the Nazarenes within with our muskets. At this juncture
the morning the favour of
dawned
God
it
and shall
I
awoke.
thus
By
happen.
Dream
XV
THE KNIFE On
the 24th of the month Wasii of the year Dalw, 12 12 A.H., at Devgiri, I had
saw a
a dream:
I
glittering.
Its
very
knife,
handle was
fine
and
of
fish-
made
tooth at the edge of which was set a cornelian.
Holding
and offered it robe of honour
it
in
my
hand, I praised with a sheet of cloth as a it
to
the
famous
saint
of
Mir Mu'inuddin Bangalore, said that it was an excellent knife and he would purchase it from Suti Sahib and Sahib.
Suti
bind (to
it
Mir
him a
to
his
handkerchief.
And
I
said
Mu'inuddin) that I would give handle of sword made of jasper.
In the meantime
I
rose.
It
was morning.
Dream XVI
THE FLOWERS On
month
the 23rd of the
Ja'fari,
on
Thursday, at Hartala on the far side of
Panchanguda,
war with the
while
intending
to
irreligious Nazarenes,
go I
to
had
seemed to me as if I was sitting in the ante-chamber and people were saying that snow and a cold wave were coming like solidified clouds and people a dream:
will
It
of the cold wave.
die
would show mercy. cloud appeared,
I
a
I killed it.
saw a
tiger
chamber there was
the
On
coming outside got hold of chase I shot the
running away.
a gun and after a tiger dead. Then
God
the cold bringing also went into the inner
Inside
I
said
When
chamber. snake.
I
little
I
clouds approaching and
I
noticed I
the
same
watched them
standing. It seemed to be raining and along with rain seemed to fall double jasmine
68 flowers of big size wild flower buds. to
God who
has
and many other smaller
And
I
said,
favoured
us
"Praise be
with such
and continues to favour us with them". I was in this state of happiness when I woke up and morning dawned. beautiful flowers
May God
grant his
favours!
Dream XVII
THE STRANGE COW On
the 7th of the
Shadab,
year
Muhammad, abad
from
1217,
while
preceding entrenchments of ,
the
attack
"O
of
Salamthe
upon
Rama
the Maghrib Prayers, I these terms: God,
the
birth at
encamped
the
1
month Ja'fari, of
2
after Nayar, invoked God in
in
the
the
hills
unbelievers of the land of the
forbidden fasting all
to
enemy have and prayer; convert them
Islam, so that the religion
Messenger
may
gain in
of
Thy
strength." In the towards the morn-
course of the night, and ing I had a dream: It appeared to me that after traversing the forests and high
Ahmadi Sarkar had encamped. On the way and near the place of encampment I saw a cow with its calf, hills
1
2
the
army of
the
New name of Satyamangalam. See Rama Nayar was one of the revolts
against
note under
Dream IV.
organizers of the
Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan.
Malabar
70 semblance
in
like
a
big
striped
countenance, teeth, etc., those of a tiger; its forelegs were of a cow; its
tiger;
looked
its
had no hinder
it
forelegs were in
like
like those
at
legs
all;
motion; and
slight
it
was causing injury to the best of its ability. Having closely examined it, I reached the camp and directed several persons to prepare themselves I said to
near I
with I
them: "God
cow which
this
shall its
and
with
willing,
looks
my own hand
calf into pieces."
reviewed
my
like
cut
a tiger, it
along
said that,
stud and gave
orders for two grey horses
At and
on arriving
Having
household
saddled and brought.
me.
accompany
be quickly
to
this
moment
the
I woke up. morning appeared At that very moment, the following interpretation of the dream suggested itself to my mind: that the Nazarenes of the
hills
the
are like the
appearance
favour of
cow with
of
tigers;
God and through
its
calf with
and by the
the felicity and
aid of the Prophet, the place mentioned will
71
be reduced with ease and gious
Nazarenes
motion
mean
will
be
of the forelegs
all
slain. I
the
irreli-
The
slight
interpreted
to
they would make an attempt to wage war, and the absence of hinderlegs indicated that no one would afford them any help and that no Muslim would receive
that
any injury at their hands. the aid of God, be it so.
Through
Dream XVIII
THE EMERALDS AND Dream XIX
THE COLLAPSE OF THE GATE grace of God, in the month Bahari, of the year Shad, 1223, from the birth of Muhammad, between the 9th
By
and
the
a
had two dreams: In the course of the first dream horseman coming and handing
to
me
and
15th,
a
I
saw
I
over
few emeralds of superior quality
exquisite
colour and
unequalled
in
indeed as large as oranges. I, thereupon, said that we in our State had no
size,
and it was all due to God's grace that He had bestowed such emeralds on us. It was dawn, and I woke emerald of
this size
up.
The
other
dream
is
as follows:
the tower at the gate of the
Around
temple,
the
73 unbelievers
had
tied rods of
wood
at great
heights for the purpose of illumination and had fixed lights on them. In a moment
the lights went out and the rods
fell
and the
gate collapsed. There was such a crash that all the buildings shook and this servant of
God what
also
came out of
the
building somecome out
disturbed. I asked people to
of their houses quickly and enquire about the people who were residing in the manyhouses that were situated so close to the the temple. People went and brought news that the gate had collapsed but the
people living in the neighbourhood were all safe. In the meantime morning dawned
and
I
woke up.
XX
Dream
DREAM XX THE THIEF :
On the 29th of the month Ja'fari, of the year Shad, 1223, from the birth of Muhammad, corresponding to the 28th of Muharram, on Thursday, early in the morning, I had a dream: It seemed as if
had
morning prayers with a large congregation after which all of us had remained seated. Sayyid Ali Qazi and Abdur Rahman Maulvi proposed to the gathering to have a three-lettered Khatm} > in the same sitting, for, according to them, there was I
said
my
great virtue attached to
They
proposal.
should 1
It
may
accepted the
the
recital.
I
be stated on the authority of a knowledgeable Sufi of
Karachi that ed (^J >&
.
pate.
in
participate
I
it.
one hundred people
said
Ji.^)
great
virtue
is
attached
Khatm in which up
"Muiz" \j***)
is
beginning with the letter
to
the
to 117 persons
three-letter-
can
partici-
the three-lettered attribute of God,
M (p) with which the Khatm
starts.
75 expressed
them
my
that
I
willingness to join but
I
told
could not remain seated for
long hours and, therefore, a hundred persons should be chosen excluding myself though
would
I
associate
also
They chose
the
persons
myself
with
it.
accordingly and 'M\ When the
began with the letter Khatm commenced I found myself among the participants. Apart from those persons
who were
taking part in the Khatm, others were seated on one side and were taking
When
was going for my prayers along with other men and had crossed the culvert, I came across a black and bulky food.
I
Marhatta with an empty tray in his hand. As soon as I saw him, I drew out my dagger and asked him who he was. me that he was Dhonduji's 1
He
told
servant
and house-steward and that he had brought As he entreated gold and silver for me.
me
to
accept the present and generously
distribute 1
it
to
whomsoever
Dhondu Pant Gokhale, a Marhatta
chief.
I
liked,
I
76 asked him
my
to
Ghulam
Ali
2
I
which,
conclusion
the
had
I
till
He was
talk to him.
on
wait
prayers after
said,
thus
of
finished I
would
sitting
the
came and submitted
when
prayers, that this
particular person was an intruder who had entered his house. I asked him to be care-
man seemed
ful for this
to
who might run away with I
be a great thief his horse.
And
asked the unbeliever to surrender the
had brought to the Sarkar-iKhudadad and I made him understand that if I freed a person like him many people would be ruined. In the meantime rain came in torrents and I woke up. things
2
he
Perhaps Ghulam Ali Khan is meant who was one of the ambassadors despatched by Tipu Sultan to the Sultan of*
Turkey in
1
786.
Dream XXI
THE NIZAM'S REPRESENTATIVE On
25th of the
the
month Rabbani,
of the year Rasikh, 1222, from the birth of Muhammad, when four watches of day
saw that the Diwan of Nizam Ali Khan had arrived. As to his appearance, he had no teeth in the mouth and he had dyed his hair. He was The servant of God seeking help from me. said to him, "All right, you settle down! Let me consult my advisers, after which you will have my reply." After speaking remained,
to
him
I
had a dream:
in this
manner,
I
I
sent -him outside
the fort for being put up and said to myself that one should console such people in conversation.
The
Poonaite
to seek assistance
first
turn
1
and now
it
was the was the
of those
people to seek assistance. But one could not depend on their word.
At 1
this
Pconawala
juncture is
I
woke up.
the term used by which
is
meant the Peshwa.
Dream XXII
THE EXTRAORDINARY IDOLS On
the 8th of the
month
Zakiri,
on the
night of Tuesday, the following day being Wednesday, of the year Hirasat, 1224, from the birth of Muhammad, corresponding the
to
7th
morning,
I
of
had
Jamadi-ul-thani, the following
the
in
dream:
There seemed to be a big temple, the back portion of which was slightly damaged. It
contained several large idols. I went into temple along with a few other men
the
and noticed that the idols were seeing like human beings and their eyes were in motion. I was surprised to see the eyes of the idols moving like those of the ing and wondered
what could
Then I approached them. row there were two female these two,
wixt
her
it
liv-
be due
In idols.
the
to.
last
One
of
drawing out her sari from bettwo knees, stated that both
79 of them were the
women
while
the
rest
of
were the images of men and objects. She added that they had
idols
other
been praying to God
for a long time
everyone ought to nourish oneself.
"That
and
I said to
fine, do keep yourself occuwith the remembrance of God." Havpied ing said that I ordered my men to repair the
her,
dilapidated
woke up.
is
building.
In the meantime
I
Dream XXIII
THE MANGO GROVE On
the
1
2 th of the
month
Ja'fari of the
year Hirasat, 224, from the birth of Muhammad, on Monday, early in the morning, 1
I
had a dream:
servant of
God
went
It
seemed
to
me
as if this
Almighty, riding an elea mango grove and
into
phant, noticed a large
number of clusters of mangoes on the trees. Each mango, a cubit in so big in size. Some of the length, was mangoes were round and
these
were
as
large as cocoa-nuts. I was very pleased to see these mangoes and plucking many of them from the trees, I put them in front of me, in the canopied litter of the elephant. I was still having a ride in the grove when I woke up.
Dream XXIV
FRENCH TROOPS On the
the
year
1
2 th
of the
Hirasat,
month
1224,
Bahari, of from the birth
Muhammad, on the night of Thursday, and the following day Friday, being
of
towards the morning, this servant of God had a dream: It was represented to me that a Frenchman of standing had arrived.
and he came. When the Frenchman came, I was absorbed in some business. But as he approached the throne I noticed him and I rose and embraced him. I asked him to take a seat and inI
sent for him,
The Christian quired after his health. "I have then said: come with ten thousand Franks to serve the Sarkar-i-Khudadad I
have disembarked them
They I, 1
are
well-built,
thereupon, said to
See note under DreemVII.
all
on the
l
and
shore.
and young." him, "That is fine. stout
82
Here too and the
the equipment for war is ready of Islam are eager, in
followers
numbers,
large this
all
moment
awoke.
to
the
Jihad" At morning came and I prosecute
Dream
XXV
THE NIZAM'S MINISTER On the
year
month
14th of the
the
Hirasat,
1224,
Bahari, of from the birth
Muhammad, on the night of Saturday, I saw Asad Ali Khan 1 had a dream: come to me. He submitted that he had
of
1
come
after
Kuddapah
the
conquering
He
2 .
offered his
four thousand horsemen,
have him.
I
the offer but,
indicated in
if
my
territory
of
services with
only
I
would
acceptance of
addition to the service
of four thousand, I asked for an yearly In the meantime morning came present.
and
I
awoke.
Asad Ali Khan, a Minister of the Nizam, sent to Tipu Sultan in 786 to dissuade him from attacking Adoni. Later he led an army against Tipu Sultan in 1795. Nishan-i-Haidari, p. 302 and Mackenzie, A Sketch of the War with Tippoo Sultan
1
1
Vol. 2
A
II,
p.
66.
Madras. In the time of Tipu Sultan it was After 1799 it formed a part of the Nizam's Dominions for a short while and then , in 1800, passed into the hands of the East India Company. district
in
included in his State.
Dream XXVI
THE EXPULSION OF THE ENGLISH On
the 3rd of the month Razi, corresponding to the 1 st of the month of Sha'ban,
Muhammad, on 1224, from the birth of Monday, the night of Tuesday, at the the metropolis, in the early hours of had a dream: Raghunath Rao, who had been Marhatta agent, before, appeared before me and said,
morning, the to
me
1
I
"The English have defeat in Europe
suffered
a
of leaving Bengal
voluntarily."
ing his statement,
I
I
will
if
God
crushing
and are now on the verge said,
On
"That
is
hearfine,
despatch troops as well as money; wills, the Nazarenes shall be expelled
from India." 1
Rao Patwardhan who on is Raghunath numerous occasions had dealings with Tipu Sultan both as a soldier and a diplomat.
Perhaps meant
Dream XXVII
THE HAJJ On
the 29th of the ponding to the 27th
from the birth of
month Razi,
corres-
of Sha'bariy
Muhammad,
had gone
at
1224,
Tanand
jangor where had ordered the construction of a fort to I
for shikar
be named Ilahabad, early in the morning, I had a dream: It seemed I had gone for
When
was entering the sanctuary Ka'bah, a respectable and distinguished gentleman from among the Arabs came and took me into the Ka'bah and in-
Hajj.
I
of the
dicated to I
me how
followed
his
I should offer my prayers. instructions in saying
my
prayers. Then he asked me to kiss the Black Stone. The Black Stone was affixed to a big
square towards the lower side of the wall. I felt very happy at the time of kissing the
Stone and
with the greatest reverence. Inside the sanctuary where there was not I
did
it
86
much room,
man there
said
there was a box.
The
gentlethat the turban which was kept
had been conferred on me by God
and he asked me to grasp it. He then took out the turban from the box and handed it over to me. I seized one end of the turban and he seized the other and together we unfolded it and found it laid with gold. It was an exquisite piece of craftsmanhaving a look at it, I refolded care and put it in the box with the turban and carried it with me. Then I came out.
ship. After
The venerable
gentleman told
there was an idol at I
to insult
and
ought throw stones.
In
instructions
threw
I
me
some distance which at which I ought to
accordance stones
with at
it.
proceeded to visit certain shrines. meantime I awoke.
I
that
his
Then In the
Dream XXVIII
THE FRESH DATES At the capital, on the night of Sunday, the following morning being Monday, the 2nd of the month Zakiri, of the year Saz, 1225,
from
the
birth
of
Muhammad,
the
Jamadi-ul 3rd corresponding thani, I had a dream: It seemed to me as if three silver trays of fresh dates known to
as rath
were brought and placed before me.
The dates were each of the size of They were fresh and full of juice.
a span. It
was
reported to me that they had been reared in the garden. At that moment I awoke and found it was morning. This servant of God interpreted the dream as follows: That by the grace of merciful God the
dominions and homes of all the three Kafirs shall fall into his hands.
On
1
the 3rd of the arrived that
month mentioned above news Nizam Ali was dead. I
Among
the three
Kafirs
are
obviously included
not only the
and the Marhattas but the Nizam! In the eyes of Tipu Sultan he who sided with the Kafirs was a Kafir. British
Dream XXIX
A BATTLE WITH THE ENGLISH On the
the 28th of the
year
Saz,
Muhammad, of
1225,
month
from
the to
corresponding
of
birth
of
26th
the
A. H., at the
12 12
Jamadi-ul-thani,
Zakiri,
metropolis, on Wednesday, I had a dream: It seemed as if a battle had taken place between the Sarkar-i-Khudadad and the Nazarenes. This servant of God was standing on a hillock and the troops had simil
larly
taken their position upon
them were
asking
off their guns
Most High
for permission
1
I
All of to
let
and were saying: "If God the
wills,
we
shall
Nazarenes from India". while
it.
woke up.
See note under dream VII
In
turn out the the
mean-
XXX
Dream
IN
THE ASSEMBLY OF SAINTS
On
the 2 1 st of the
month
Zakiri, of the
year Saz, 1225, from the birth of Muhammad, corresponding to the 19th of Jama di12 12
ul-thani,
A. H., on Saturday, at had a dream: It seemed
the metropolis, I as if this servant of
assembly
of saints
God had gone to an where he saw about
fifty to sixty saints sitting.
They
me
I
with
a
Shah Sahib
He
saints.
before him.
gun.
I
Salam-'alaik. 1
also
called
He
replied:
whoever may
asked
I
me
"Sir,
possess a
I
greeted
saw 'Ataullah
among
sitting
me.
all
went and
the sat
to get hold of a
am
a
soldier;
gun or any other
arms, these are mine. I shall be the first to seize a gun". In the meantime I woke up.
1
A
divine
contemporary
of
Tipu Sultan.
Dream XXXI
THE GIFT OF THE TURBANS On
the 25th of the month Rahmani, on Friday, the night of Saturday, 1225, from the birth of Muhammad, in the
hours I
of the
morning,
saw Hadrat
ger of Allah
towing on
I
had a dream:
Muhammad,
the
Messen-
(peace be upon him,) besa green turban and asking me
me
on my head. I did it accordingly. Then Hadrat Bandah-nawaz bestowed a turban and asked me to put it on my head to bind
it
1
which
wed
Then Hadrat Ahmad 2 bestoa turban and I bound it on my I did.
On
the top of the mountain there was an excellent fort. I was having a look
head.
at
it
when
woke up.
I
of the dream
our 1
1
See It is
note
seven under
not clear
who
that
have
Prophet
of the
is
My
conferred
climes
interpretation
God Almighty and upon
the
empire
me.
Dream VIII. is
meant,
may
be
it is
Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Thani,
Dream XXXII
THE BRIDGE OF ELEPHANTS On
the
1
2th
of the
month Ahmadi,
of the year Shadab, 1226, from the birth of Muhammad, on the night of Thursday,
had a dream. The troops seemed to be stationed by the side of the river. This servant of the High was on horseback. He saw that the river was in spate and I
he issued instructions that
the elephants made to stand all
brought and river, one adjacent to the other, thus forming a bridge. He then asked the
should be in
the
troops to cross the river the backs of the elephants
by passing over and under their
The whole army actually protection. In the crossed the river in this manner. meanwhile
I
woke up.
Dream XXXIII
ALMONDS AND STONES On
Shadab, mad, on
month
Dini, of the year 1226, from the birth of Muham-
the
i
st
of the
when
Thursday,
watches
four
of the day were yet to go, while in the metropolis, I had a dream I seemed to be recit:
ing the names of
which
God on almonds among
had
mixed 'salgram' stones, an object of worship by the salgram being unbelievers. My motive in doing so was that like their idols who were embracing Islam, the unbelievers also would enter the
I
of
fold
1
Islam.
On
recitation, I stated that all
unbelievers I
ordered the
replaced 1
had
A
concluding
embraced
Islam
stones to be picked out
by almonds.
my
the idols of the
My
and
and
interpretation
rounded by the action of water representing Vishnu who is said to have been turned to stone by a curse. It is found in the beds of the rivers Narbada small flinty stone
and Gandak.
93
by the grace of God all unbelievers would embrace Islam and the country would pass into the hands of the Sarkar-iis
that
Khudadad.
Dream XXXIV
SHAIKH
OF SHIRAZ
SA'DI
On
the 13th of the month Khusrawi, on Monday, in the year 1226, from the birth of Muhammad, corresponding to the 1 1 th
of Jamadi-ul-awwaU 12 13 A. H., on the fourteenth night of the moon, the following day being Tuesday, in the early hours of the morning, I had a dream: I saw
Hadrat Sa'di
Shirazi.
of the aforesaid
The
1
appearance was somewhat like this:
he was big-bodied with a large head and a long and white beard. I most respectfully offered
him a
seat.
He seemed
to
be very
pleased. enquired from him what countries he had visited. "Hindustan, 2 Arcot, 3 I
1
Shaikh
Muslihuddin
Sa'di
of Shiraz; famous Persian
poet
and
writer; b. 1184; the date of his death is uncertain but he is said to have lived for about 100 years. His best known works are Gulistan and Bustan. In poetry he is sup.
2
3
posed to be the master of ghazal. Northern India. At present an inland district on the eastern side of the State of Madras. In Muslim times there was a Subah of Arcot.
95 the the
Abdun Nabi Khan, 2
of
country country
1
and Then he his reply. was Konkon" recited several verses and couplets and after going round the palace he took a seat. In the meantime I woke up, since the morning had already dawned. of
Kalopant
3
1
Abdun Nabi Khan had carved self
sometime during the
out a
first
principality for
quarter
of
him-
the eighteenth
century centring in the district of Kuddapah. He brought certain adjacent areas such as Salem and Goimbatore under his 2
sway.
Abdun Nabi Khan
was the
Kalopant
all
died
about
1
730.
powerful Minister of Venkat Rao,
as such, the real ruler of
Nargund, a petty
state,
annexed by Tipu Sultan in 1785. Nargund
is,
and
which was at present,
a taluka in the Dharawar District of Bombay. 3
Konkan
is
the
name
applied to the tract of country below Bombay and the district of
the Western Ghats including
Thana, Kolaba, Ratanagiri and the as well as the islands of Janjira,
coast strip of
Goa,
etc.
Kanara,
Dream
XXXV
MAULANA JAMI AND Dream XXXVI
THE PLANTAIN FRUITS On
the 24th of the
month Taqi, of
the
year Shadab, on Friday, in the afternoon, at Haidarabad, I had a dream: It seemed
God had gone
as if this servant of
into a
garden in which there were several buildings.
The people
me
told
Maulana Jami went to the Maulana
that
1
was staying there. I and expressed my pleasure
at his arrival.
The Maulana
"I have
said to me.
come
meet you". I again repeated how nice and appropriate it was that he had come, to
1
Maulana Nuruddin
Abdur
Rahman Jami;
great
Persian
poet, often described as the last classic poet of Persia; b. 1414 in the district of
greatly influenced
Muhammad
Jam
in
the
Province of Herat;
by mystic thought; a
disciple
Kashghari, himself a disciple and
the famous sufi saint,
Bahauddin Naqshband.
d.
1492;
of Saduddin successor
of
97
and added, "In old times lived Maulana Sa'adi, and in our own God Almighty had produced Maulana Jami and sent him to us. I
shall
seek
his
that I took the
blessings".
Having
Maulana with me
to
said
my
residence.
That very night in the early hours of had another dream A young woman, putting on costly jewellery and clothes, came to me. She was carrying three big ripe plantain fruits of the size of large cucumbers. She handed the morning I and beautiful
over
and
the
fruits
:
to
this
servant
of God,
had never seen such plantain fruit. I ate one of them and found it extremely sweet and delicious. In the meanwhile I woke up. I said, I
Dream XXXVII
THE ARMIES OF THE UNBELIEVERS On
the
ioth of the
month Rahmani,
of the year Shadab, 1226, from the birth of Muhammad, corresponding to the 9th of the month of Shaban, 12 13 A. H., on the night of Wednesday, the following day metrobeing Wednesday, while at the polis,
I
had a dream.
armies of the
and
I
saw
unbelievers
taken
prisoner Sarkar-i-Khudadad. I
on also
one of the
being killed behalf of the said
that
news
informing me of the arrival of another army of the unbelie-
had
reached
vers
and
me
expressed
the
that
feeling
ought to be similarly destroyed.
I
started
accordingly in order to accomplish mission. In the meanwhile I woke it
was morning.
it
this
up;
99
SAYYID MUHAMMAD ASLAM'S DREAM Sayyid Muhammad Aslam, a
divine
sent a memorandum residing at Kolar to the Prince saying that in the month of 1
Rajab-al-Murajjab, the day being Thursday, he had received the following tidings the course of
(in
:
The Imam
red was sitting on a was also in attendance. Hadrat Shah Murtaza Kara-
world
of the
The faqir
floor.
a dream)
2
3
Suddenly 4 mallah-u-Wajhu arrived. seized Hadrat Ali's arm,
and asked him
The
Prophet
brought
him
mount
a piebald another rode horse. The Prophet himself one and fixed a naked sword on his shoul-
outside,
to
Thus the two departed. They had gone some distance when they saw hundreds of thousands of Nazarenes armed with
der.
guns. 1
2
A
Suddenly there was a loud thunder
district in
The
Prophet
the east of the State of Mysore.
of
Islam.
3
Sayyid
Muhammad Aslam
4
Hadrat
Ali.
himself.
100
from behind and
all
the Nazarenes took to
After covering about two miles I saw the party returning towards the metro-
their heels.
polis
highly
pleased.
Here
at
They stopped
Messanger of God, on whom be peace, was sitting on a prayer carpet and near him was a boy another
place.
five to six years old.
the
Many
leaders of
row
gions were present in a
reli-
like followers
congregational prayer. In the meanwhile Hadrat Murtaza Ali said (to the Messenger of Allah) pointing to the boy, that he in
was the Sultan. The Hadrat, thereupon, uttered the words "Daimun, Qaimun" " and Qaimun, Daimun "'. Hadrat AH, then asked the names of the Com2 inscribed to be panions of the Cave on his (the Sultan's) standard. After making an obeisance, I went out and saw all the seven Khwajas, clad in shreds and patches (the boy)
1
Literally It
may
tuation 2
the
words stand
for
"durable
and
perpetual".
be taken as a prayer for the durability and of
Tipu
Sultan's
perpe-
regime.
Ashab-i-Kahf or the Companions of the Cave whose history related in the eighteenth chapter of the Holy Quran.
is
101
Somone asked this servant as to going. who these dignitaries were and he replied that
dani
were:
these
Khawajah Yusuf Ham2
1
Bastami, Khawajah Bayazid Hasan Abul Khwajah Kharqani 4 Bahauddin and Naqshband Khwajah Mansur Maturidi. The Khwajah Abu 6 made an Shahinshah came. All then ,
3
,
5
obeisance and 1
Yusuf
left.
bin
Ayyub Hamdani; b. 1048; d. 1140 Marw; disciple of Shaikh Abu Ali Farindi Shaikh Abu Ishaq Shirazi. Used to meet Hadrat
Khawaja
A.C., buried at
and Ghauth-i-Azam frequently
2
3
at Baghdad. Bayazid Bastami's real name was Abu Yazid Taifur bin Isa bin Surushan; a famous Sufi saint who died in 875 or 878 A.C., buried at Bastam, a town in the Persian province of Khorasan.
Shaikh Abul Hasan Kharqani; a great Sufi;
was
was
his
real
name
Abul Hasan;
contemporary of is a long discourse on him by Shaikh Fariduddin Attar in his Tadhkiratul Awliya translated by R.A. Ali;
his
Kunniyat Bayazid Bastami; there
Nicholson, 4
band, b. 5
6.
1907.
bin Muhammad Bahauddin al-Bukhari of order founder of the Naqshbandi
Muhammad 1317;
d.
1389.
NashqSufiism,
(
Abu Mansur
Maturidi, the head of the Maturidi school of Muslim theology which is orthodox and Sunnite; contemporary of Ashari, the founder of another orthodox school; defended orthodox Islam by the same weapons of logical argument with which the Mutazalites attacked it; died in
Samarqand in 944 A.G. The "King of Kings," i.e. the Prophet
of Islam.
INDEX Abdun Nabi Khan, 95. Abdur Rahman Maulvi,
Bandanawaz 74.
(Gesu-daraz,)
49, 50, 5i, 9i.
Abjad, 21 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
Basalat Jang, 47.
Abtath, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 61.
Bayazid Bastami, Khwajah, 101
Abu
Mansur
8n,
101.
Bengal, 84.
Bibliotheque Nationale,
Royale,
Bibliotheque
Ahmad, Hadrat,
gn.
Maturidi,
Khwajah, 101. Abul Hasan Kharqani, Khwajah,
A,
Beatson,
Black
90.
Stone,
Ahmad Shah Bahmani, 49n
Bombay, 95
Ahmadi Sarkar Ahmadi)
British,
the,
Bust an,
94m
(see
Sarkar-i-
.
7.
7.
85.
n.
(See English, the)
Al-Aziz, the Fatimid, 19.
52m
Calicut,
Alexander, 55, 56. Ali, Hadrat, 12, 61, 62, 99, 100.
Ali
Raza Khan,
48.
War,
Anglo-Mysore
Cambridge History I I.
Castes
37n.
of India,
and
India,
Tribes
of
China, 52, 53, 54, 55.
Arcot, 37n, 94.
Chinese, the, 56.
Asad
Ali
Coimbatore, 4 m,
Khan,
Ashab-i-Kahf
9511.
Companions of the Cave,
83.
100.
100
Darya Bagh,
Ataullah Shah, 58
65.
Delhi, 39, 40.
at-Tai, 19.
Bahauddin
Southern
4m.
Arabs, the, 85.
Arkad, 45n.
vol
49m
Devgiri, 63, 66.
Naqshband,
101.
Bahawalpur, 45.
96n,
Dhonduji (Dhondu Pant
Go-
khale,) 75.
East India
Company,
8,
83m
.
104 English, the, (see also the zararenes) 6411, 84, 88.
Ernad, Ethe,
Na-
India, 19, 84, 88.
India Office Library,
7, 8.
5211.
Herman,
7,
8.
Hugh,
Inglis, 9.
Islahet-teqvim,
19.
Europe, 84, 84. Islam, 39, 47n, 92, 93.
Farrukhi,
52.
Firuz Shah Bahmani, 49n. Franks, the, 81.
Frenchman,
the,
Khan,
Jihad,
97.
82.
Junaid, Sayyid, 37.
Kalopant, 95.
Kanara, 95n.
49m 94m
Kaveri, 38.
Khamsa,
Ali, 36n, 59n,
55m
Khan, M.H., 49m
8.
7,
6gn.
Khayyam, Umar,
Haidar Sahib,
36.
Kirkpatrick,
Haidarabad,
96.
Kolaba,
95m
Haidarnagar,
59m
Konkan,
95.
Hajj, 85.
Krishna,
Hartala, 67.
Kuddapah,
Herat,
96,
95m
Ka'bah, 50, 85. 76.
Gulbarga,
Haidar
Maulana,
Janjira,
Goa, 95m
Habibullah,
49m
Jalaluddin Husaini,
Jami,
Ghaffar, Sayyid, 37.
Gulistan,
45.
81.
Gandak, 92m
Ali
dum,
Jam, 96m
Gesu-daraz, (see Bandanawaz)
Ghulam
Makh-
Jahanian Jahan-gasht,
52m
Ferokh,
96m
19.
W.,
the,
7,
8,
4m.
61.
83,
95m
Lashkar-i-Ahmadi,
47m
Mackenzie, 83m Madher Kerah,
41.
Hijrat, 18, 20.
Hindustan, 94. Hisab-i-Zar, 21, 61. History of Tipu Sultan,
Ilahabad, 85.
49m
Madinah-i-Munawvvarah, (See Medina).
Madras, 40m 4n, 52n, 83n,
94.n
105 Mahmud Banglori, 4 m. Makhdum Jahanian Jahan-
Ottoman Government,
45.
gasht,
Malabar, 4 in, 6911. Malik Shah, the Seljuq,
Panchanguda, 19.
Marhattas, the, 13, 35, 57, 59> 6 3> 64, 75, 84.
Medina,
Peshwa,
50.
18,
(See
the,
Serin-
gapatam).
90m
the Prophet,
Muhammad
Raza, 60.
Muinuddin, Mir,
66.
Bahauddin
Raghunath Rao,
Rama
84.
Nayar, 41, 69.
Ratnagiri, 95m Sa'di of Shiraz, 94, 97.
Sa'duddin
Muhammad
Kash-
4m.
Salem, 45n, 46,
95m
Salgram, 92.
the, 92n.
Saltanat-i-Khudadad, 76, 81, 88, 93,
Nargund, 95m
4m.
4m,
47n,
98.
Sarkar-i-Ahmadi, 47, 55, 65. Sarkar-i-Haidari,
59.
Nazarenes, 59, 65, 67, 70, 71, 84, 88, 99.
39^
83m
47, 48, 59,
64n, 77, 83, 87.
Nizam's Dominions,
4 m, Sayyid Ali Qazi, 74. 45".
Sal-
45m
Satyamangalam,
Sayyid the, 83n.
47n.
Sarkar-i-Khudadad, (See tanat-i-Khudadad. )
Sarwerayan,
Nishan-i-Haidari, 37n, the, 13,
48.
Salamabad, 41, 47, 49, 52.
Naqshband, (See Naqshband.)
Nizam,
39, 40,
Sahifa-i-Tipu Sultan,
59, 60.
Nazarabad,
Qutbuddin Khan,
ghari, 96n.
Mysore, 5gn.
Nayars,
Peshwa.)
(See
10, 50, 51.
12,
31, 4 1 * 4749. 52, 61,62, 65, 69, 70, 72, 74, 77> 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 94, 99, 100, 101.
Narbada,
the, 77.
Poonaite,
Quran,
Mujaddid-i-Alf-i-Thani,
Muhammad
Nagar,
96m
Persia,
Pharkiah, Hari Pant, 64.
Metropolis,
20, 64, 78, 88,
19.
67.
Patan, (See Seringapatam.) 58,
18.
Mecca,
Nizami, 55. Northern India, (See Hindustan)
Jalaluddin
69n.
Bukhari,
106 Sayyid
Muhammad,
Sayyid
Muhammad
H> Select 7,
4911.
Aslam,
Thurston, 15,
of
Tipoo
Sultan,
14, 37,11, 3811,
7,
17, 20,
45n, 47n, 48n, 59n, 64n, 69n, 84n, 88n, 100.
41m
Seringapatam
7, 8, 9. 11, 13, 14,
21, 26 29, 31, 33, 35> 36n, 37 n > 38n, 39n,
99Letters
4m.
Tipu Sultan,
49n, 76n,
52n, 83n,
43, 57, 58, 65, 88, 92.
Tungabhadra,
Shahidpur, 38.
Shahnur, 63.
Shamsabad,
61.
Uchh, 45n. 35.
Umar Khayyam,
19.
Shimoga, 59.
Venkat Rao 95n.
Sikandarnamahy 55.
Vishnu, 92n.
Sindhia, 39. Sketch
of
Sultaun,
War
the
A,
with
Sultan of Turkey, the, Suti Sahib, 66.
Thana,
Tippoo
8311.
Wellesley, Marquis, 8, 64n.
West Pakistan, 45m 7611.
Western Ghats, 6 in, 95n.
Yusuf Hamdani, Khwajah, 9511.
Times
Press, Sadar, Karachi.
101,
