The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in English, 2nd Edition

The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated

FLORENTINO GARCIA MARTINEZ

T h e Dead Sea Scrolls Translated The Qumran Texts in English SECOND EDITION

Wilfred. G. E. Watson

Translator

‫ י י‬6 8 ‫>י‬

Ε. J. Brill Leiden New York Cologne William B. Eerdmans

Grand Rapids

C o v e r i l l u s t r a t i o n : 11QTemp1e Scroll', cols 15-16 ( t r a n s l a t i o n o n p a g e s 156-157) © B r u c e a n d K e n n e t h Z u c k e r m a n , West S e m i t i c R e s e a r c h Rolling Hills Estates, C a l i f o r n i a , U S A O r i g i n a l title: Textos de

Qumrán

© 1992 b y E d i t o r i a l T r o t t a SA, M a d r i d , S p a i n English Edition (with corrections a n d additions) © 1994 by E. J. Brill, L e i d e n , t h e N e t h e r l a n d s S e c o n d English E d i t i o n ( w i t h c o r r e c t i o n s a n d a d d i t i o n s ) © 1996 by E. J. Brill, L e i d e n , t h e N e t h e r l a n d s P u b l i s h e d j o i n t l y 1996 by E. J. Brill P.O. Box 9 0 0 0 , 2300 PA L e i d e n , t h e N e t h e r l a n d s , a n d W m . B. E e r d m a n s P u b l i s h i n g C o m p a n y 2140 O a k I n d u s t r i a l D r i v e N . E . , G r a n d R a p i d s , M i c h i g a n 49505 All r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . N o p a r t o f t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d , t r a n s l a t e d , s t o r e d in a retrieval s y s t e m , o r t r a n s m i t t e d in a n y f o r m o r b y a n y m e a n s , e l e c t r o n i c , m e c h a n i c a l , p h o t o c o p y i n g , recording or otherwise, without prior written permission f r o m the publisher. A u t h o r i z a t i o n t o p h o t o c o p y i t e m s f o r i n t e r n a l o r p e r s o n a l u s e is g r a n t e d b y E. J. Brill p r o v i d e d t h a t t h e a p p r o p r i a t e fees a r e p a i d d i r e c t l y t o C o p y r i g h t C l e a r a n c e C e n t e r , 222 R o s e w o o d Drive, Suite 910, D a n v e r s M A , 01923, U S A . Fees a r e s u b j e c t t o c h a n g e . P r i n t e d in t h e U n i t e d States of A m e r i c a 13 12 11 10 09 0 8 07

13 12 11 10 9 8 7

Library of C o n g r e s s Cataloging-in-Publication D a t a D e a d Sea scrolls. E n g l i s h T h e D e a d Sea scrolls t r a n s l a t e d : t h e Q u m r a n texts in E n g l i s h / ! e d i t e d by] F l o r e n t i n o G a r c i a M a r t i n e z ; W i l f r e d G . E. W a t s o n , t r a n s l a t o r — 2 n d ed. p.

cm.

T r a n s l a t i o n of: Textos d e Q u m r á n Includes bibliographical references Brill ISBN 978 9 0 0 4 10589 8 ( p b k . ) E e r d m a n s ISBN 978-0-8028-4193-3 ( p a p e r : alk. p a p e r ) I. G a r c i a M a r t i n e z , F l o r e n t i n o . BM487.A3G28

II. Title.

1996

915.98 — d c 2 0

95-52950 CIP

Die Deutsche B i b l i o t h e k - c i P - E i n h e i t s a u f n a m e T h e D e a d Sea scrolls t r a n s l a t e d : T h e Q u m r a n texts in E n g l i s h / by F l o r e n t i n o G a r c i a M a r t i n e z . — L e i d e n ; N e w York; K ö l n : Brill, 1994 ISBN 90-04-10589-1 k a r t . NE G a r c i a M a r t i n e z , F l o r e n t i n o [Bearb.] WG: 12;13 / 5221

DBN: 94.090756.9 / WT 94.04.14

Contents

PREFACE TO T H E E N G L I S H T R A N S L A T I O N & TRANSLATOR'S NOTE

FOREWORD

xix

XXII

XXÌÌÌ

I N T R O D U C T I O N XXXT

ι T h e D e a d Sea Scrolls

xxxii

II History of discovery and publication xxxvi 1 1947-1956: T h e F i r s t M a n u s c r i p t s

xxxvi

2 1949-1955: Excavation and publication of Cave 1

xxxvii

3 1951-1962: Excavation of K h i r b e t Q u m r a n and the 'Small Caves' 4 1952: Cave 4

xlii

5 1956-1977: Cave 11 xliii ill T h e dispute over authenticity and antiquity IV A sectarian library

xlv

xlix

ν Identity and origins of the Q u m r a n C o m m u n i t y lit vi History of the Q u m r a n C o m m u n i t y Iv v u F u r t h e r reading

hii N O T E S TO T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N

RULES

1 The Rule of the Community

1

3

A T h e Cave 1 C o p y 3 lQRule of the C o m m u n i t y (IQS) 3 Β T h e Cave 4 Copies 20 4QRule of the C o m m u n i t y * (4Q255 [4Qpaps"]) 20 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y * (4Q256 [4QS*]) 20 4QRule of the C o m m u n i t y ' (4Q257 (4QpapS^]) 27 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y ' ' (4Q258 [4QS^]) 22 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y ' (4Q259 [4Qsn) 26 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y ^ (4Q260 [4QS^) 2ç 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y * (4Q261 [ 4 C ^ ) j o 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y 4 (4Q262 [4QSA]) 31 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y ' (4Q263 [4QS‫ )]׳‬j / 4QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y 7 (4Q264 [4QS•7]) J7 C Copies f r o m other caves 32 5QRu1e of the C o m m u n i t y (5Q11 [5QS]) J 2

lÌX

xxxviii

2 The Damascus Document

33

A Copies f r o m the G e n i z a h 33 D a m a s c u s D o c u m e n t " (CD-A) 33 D a m a s c u s D o c u m e n t * (CD-B) 45 Β Copies f r o m Cave 4 47 4QDamascus

Do

4QDamascus

Do

4QDamascus D o c u m e n t ' (4Q268 [4QdH) (now 4Q271 [4Qc/Ì) 57 4QDamascus D o c u m e n t ^ (4Q269 [4QD^]) (now 4Q267 [4QD*]) 60 4QDamascus 4QDamascus Document^(4Q271 [4Q°^) ( n 0 W 4 Q 2 6 9 [4QD