THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY VOLUME I PART 1
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THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY VOLUME I PART 1
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
THE CAMBRIDGE ANCIENT HISTORY THIRD EDITION
VOLUME I PART 1 PROLEGOMENA AND PREHISTORY EDITED BY I. E.S.EDWARDS F.B.A. Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities, The British Museum
THE LATE C. J. G A D D F.B.A. formerly Professor Emeritus of Ancient Semitic Languages and Civilizations, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
N. G. L. HAMMOND F.B.A. Professor Emeritus of Greek, University of Bristol
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521070515 © Cambridge University Press 1970 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. This edition first published 1970 Reprinted 1974 1976 1986 1994 First paperback edition 1980 Sixth printing 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
The Cambridge ancient history - 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Part 1: Prolegomena and prehistory 1. History, Ancient I. Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen II. Gadd, Cyril John III. Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lempriere 930 D57 75-85719 ISBN-13 978-0-521-07051-5 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
CONTENTS List of Maps
page xiii
List of Tables
xv
List of Text-figures
xvii
Preface
xix CHAPTER I
THE GEOLOGICAL AGES by D. L. L I N T O N and F. MOSELEY
I II in iv v
Introduction The Afrasian platform The Eurasian platform The Tethys and the mid-world fold belt Origins of the modern seas, rivers and mountains
i 5 9 12 21
CHAPTER II
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE, WESTERN ASIA AND EGYPT BEFORE THE PERIOD OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN SETTLEMENT by K. W. BUTZER
I II
The natural, Early Postglacial environment Physical conditions in South-Eastern Europe during the Last Glacial Period I11 Prehistoric geography of South-Western Asia iv Prehistoric geography of Egypt and the Nile Valley [v] Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
35 47 49 62
vi
CONTENTS CHAPTER III
PRIMITIVE MAN IN EGYPT, WESTERN ASIA AND EUROPE IN PALAEOLITHIC TIMES by DOROTHY A. E. GARROD
I 11 in iv v vi VII
Egypt Western Asia in general Syria—Lebanon-Palestine Anatolia The North Arabian desert Southern Kurdistan Western Asia : conclusions
page 70 74 75 86 86 86 89
IN M E S O L I T H I C T I M E S by J. G. D. CLARK VIII
ix x xi XII
Neothermal environment and its impact The Mesolithic settlement of Northern Europe South-west Europe and North Africa Central and Eastern Europe South-west Asia
90 96 106 114 118
CHAPTER IV
THE EVIDENCE OF LANGUAGE by W. F. A L B R I G H T
andT. O. I II
LAMB DIN
Language and History The Afro-Asian (Hamito-Semitic) Family
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
122 132
CONTENTS i n The Indo-Hittite family iv Sumerian, Hurrian, Urartian, Elamite
vii page 138 145
CHAPTER v
THE EARLIEST POPULATIONS OF MAN IN EUROPE, WESTERN ASIA AND NORTHERN AFRICA by D. R. HUGHES
andT). R. BROTHWELL I II
Australopithecines and Pithecanthropines Homo sapiens
156 159
CHAPTER VI
CHRONOLOGY I. EGYPT—TO T H E END OF T H E T W E N T I E T H DYNASTY by WILLIAM C. HAYES
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
173
viii
CONTENTS I I . A N C I E N T W E S T E R N ASIA by M. B. ROWTON
Introduction Sources (a) The Assyrian eponym-lists and king-lists (b) The year-lists (c) The Babylonian king-lists (d) The Sumerian king-list (e) The Tummal chronicle (/") Hittite royal lists of sacrifices for the dead
page 193
The Chronology of the second millennium B.C. (a) Assyria (b) Babylon (c) Larsa (d) Isin (