The Battles of the British Expeditionary Forces, 1914-1915: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography (Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders)

THE BATTLES OF THE BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 1914–1915: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography

Fred R. van Hartesveldt

PRAEGER

THE BATTLES OF THE BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 1914–1915

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THE BATTLES OF THE BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY FORCES, 1914–1915 Historiography and Annotated Bibliography

Fred R. van Hartesveldt

Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders, Number 25 Myron J. Smith, Jr., Series Adviser

Westport, Connecticut London

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available at www.loc.gov

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Fred R. van Hartesveldt All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. ISBN: 0-313-30625-7 ISSN: 1056-7410 First published in 2005 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

Acknowledgments

vii

HISTORIOGRAPHY 1. Introduction

1

2. The Battles of 1914

5

3. The Battles of 1915

13

4. Generalship

19

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

25

Index

163

Acknowledgments

Doing a book always requires help–more than can ever be properly acknowledged. Some people not only do more but do it with cheerful good will. They deserved special attention. My colleague Church Murdock read parts of the manuscript and made thoughtful and useful comments. It is not his fault that I did not adopt all of them or that I made other mistakes. He certainly improved my efforts. At the Fort Valley State University Library, Robbie Walton Robinson handled my seemingly endless interlibrary loan requests efficiently and without request. My wife, Mary Ann, patted me on the back when I got weary and also helped with library searches, proofing, and indexing. Without her I would not have finished. I thank all of these people and the others who helped in a variety of ways.

Chapter 1 Introduction

The Battles of the BEF, 1914-1915 is a volume in the Bibliographies of Battles and Leaders series. Ultimately the series will provide historiographical and bibliographical reference for the study of military history from the earliest human conflicts to the contemporary era. Although the World Wide Web provides similar references and is more conveniently updated than a book (for the subject of the current volume see, for instance: > or >), the material is scattered and must be searched for under a variety of subjects. And, of course, it is available only when researchers have access to a computer with connection to the Web. Since information on the Web is generally unedited and not necessarily kept current, accuracy and completeness are less reliable than in the traditional format. New publications are identified with relative ease, while more often than not, older (sometimes obscure but valuable) works are missed. Therefore, a comprehensive reference volume makes sense and will have a long-term value even in the age of electronic technology. A focus on the British Expeditionary Force (B.E.F.) in the first eighteen months of the year also makes sense. Although the focus of World War I British historiography is more often the great battles of 1916-1918, the B.E.F., despite its relatively small size, played a significant role in the first months of the war. The initial force, "The Old Contemptibles" (the Kaiser spoke of the British as "a contemptible little army"), was essentially gone by the end of 1914, and being replaced by units–British and colonial–brought from around the empire and soon a rising flow of volunteers. The horrors of modern firepower were imprinted on these forces by the end of 1915 through massed attacks against entrenched machine guns and the soul-shattering effects of rapid-fire artillery. Conditions became much, much worse, as poison gas proved its value and mud interfered with trench life and military operations. So the problems that became synonymous with the entire conflict were already becoming apparent. Lessons, learned, partially learned, and unlearned about how to fight the new horrible but unheralded style war were already

2

The Battles of the B.E.F.

available. Thus an understanding of the future difficulties of the forces on the Western Front must be rooted in an examination of the beginning. There are also issues concerning the BEF that have been the subject of debate and which belong in a historiographical review. Among those of the first months are the choice of Mons as the initial defensive point; the decision to break the retreat from Mons for a blocking battle at Le Cateau; the mercurial temperament of the commander, Sir John French, who at times was eager for offensive and at others so defeatist that he seriously considered withdrawing the B.E.F. entirely from the front; and the B.E.F.’s role at the Battle of the Marne. Although of only minor historical note, the legend of the Angels of Mons [No.212]–still remembered–is indicative of one element in the attitude toward the “Old Contemptibles,” but although their heroism remains unquestioned, their leadership, tactics, and strategy have come under some question. Regarding 1915, controversies both at the time and since have also been frequent. These include the validity of making significant attacks with the relatively small British army and the degree to which politics and the need to accommodate the French (during this period the dominant member of the Entente) trumped military judgement. Most debated is generalship. The initial commander, John French, was challenged, perhaps on a personal basis, and eventually replaced by Sir Douglas Haig. French clearly made some mistakes–such as the placement of reserves at the Battle of Loos–but historians who have, in recent years, begun to defend Haig for the terrible slaughter of the Somme and Passchendaele argue that there was a learning curve for the generals who faced the new warfare of the twentieth century. Although French has had a few defenders [Nos.84, 347-50], he does not seem to have gotten the same degree of sufferance as his replacement. The earliest accounts of the BEF such as that of Ernest Hamilton [No. 438] and Arthur Conon Doyle [No. 276] focus on the heroism and sacrifice of the “Old Contemptibles,” and offer little or no analysis of strategy, tactics, or leadership at any level. The first school of scholarly analysis, dominated by Basil Liddell Hart [Nos. 586-91], regarded British generalship as asinine, and tended to focus on the more dramatic results of the battles in 1916-18. This school regarded the early battles of the BEF as unremarked warnings of the murderous foolishness to come. Few before 1950 were inclined to think that there was anything good about the handling of the BEF, though reverence for its fighting qualities remained unabated. The appearance of the British Official History [No. 292] during this period made no difference, for despite providing a treasure trove of detail, the authors/editors maintained a largely descriptive approach. They were veterans of the war and have been accused of deliberately avoiding criticisms of their colleagues. Certainly, it is true that Haig and others who had been subject to bitter criticism, at times, were invited to review and influence the content of parts of the Official History before it was finalized. Its publication added little to the analytical commentary concerning generalship or the BEF. Defenders of the British military in the war did appear, however. The first, and perhaps still most important, was John Terraine. His biography Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier [No. 906] was the first major

Introduction

3

work to assert that for leaders the First World War was a dramatically new kind of conflict in which there had to be a learning curve. He followed Haig’s career with respect and argued that the general had learned, step by step, until he won the victory of 1919. The, regrettably bloody lessons, could not have been avoided and were learned more effectively than by anyone else at the time. His book Mons [No. 908] along with Anthony Farrar-Hockley’s Death of an Army [No. 315] marked a change in the 1960s. The rehabilitation of the British army in World War I had begun. The debate, which will be discussed in more detail below, continues to rage. As far as the BEF is concerned, it has been synthesized–for now–in Nikolas Gardner’s excellent work Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary Force in 1914 [No. 366]. This volume, in which these issues and others will be discussed, is divided into two sections. There is first a historiographical essay in which the debates of historians are outlined and references to the more important contributions to the debates are given. These references are shown by giving the volume’s number in the annotated bibliography–the second part--in square brackets. The essay is an attempt to outline the major controversies that have emerged among those who study the war, especially the first year and a half, and the BEF’s role in it. The annotated bibliography is intended to coverall significant studies involving the BEF in l914-15. When the information in a volume was tangential–political disputes at home, for instance–some discretion was, of course, required. Choices were made by an evaluation of the importance for understanding the situation of the BEF–a debate on munitions shortages taking precedence over one on long-range war aims, for instance. Entries are in quite standard bibliographic format. The version cited is the earliest identified. When a volume has been reissued or revised, the dates of those publications are added at the end of the entry, but publishing details are not given. When simultaneous publication was done (usually in Britain and the U.S.), only one set of publication details are is given, the initial version, if identifiable. Titles in languages other than English have been translated for the convenience of those using the book, and if a translation of the work has been published the details of that publication are added to the entry. Limitations on what was included in entries was necessary for reasons of space, and it is hoped that they will not cause significant inconvenience for those seeking to find copies of books referenced. Archival sources for the study of the British military in World War I are rich and accessible. Although details of such materials are beyond the scope of this volume, the most important repositories are as follows. Government documents, particularly War Office papers, are in the Public Record Office at Kew, outside London. The PRO also has some individuals’ paper collections, such as the typed version of Earl Haig’s diary (the hand-written, and in some cases significantly different, version is in the National Library of Scotland). The Royal Army Medical Corps collection is held by the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine in London. Large collections of personal papers may be found at the Imperial War Museum, London; the Liddell Hart Center for Military Archives, King’s College,

4

The Battles of the B.E.F.

London; and the Liddle Collection, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds, Leeds. Smaller but still useful collections include those of the British Library, London; Churchill College, Cambridge; and the National Army Museum, London.

Chapter 2

The Battles of 1914

Once the British government reached a consensus about entering the war that began with the German invasion of France by way of Belgium, the British Expeditionary Force was dispatched to the continent. It was assigned a position on the left of the Allied front and planned to advance into Belgium to meet the invaders. The B.E.F. consisted of four divisions divided into two corps. In addition there were five brigades of cavalry–one attached to Sir Douglas Haigs' I Corps and the other four operating as an independent cavalry "division" commanded by Sir Edmund Allenby. Overall the commander-in-chief, Sir John French, had a force of about 100,000. The British Army's experience of combat within living memory was limited to colonial conflicts, which by the standards of what was about to come could hardly be called more than skirmishing, and the Boer War, which was fought under quite different conditions than those encountered on the Western Front. Although the performance of the rank and file of the B.E.F., especially its musketry, was superior and has been lauded to mythic proportions [Nos. 26, 234, 288, 311, 614-15, 908], the command has received more mixed reviews from historians. It was perhaps an omen that the commander of II Corps, Sir James Grierson, died en route to the front and was replaced, against the wishes of Sir John French, by Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien. The initial approach of historians who wrote about the B.E.F. was to focus on its heroism and individual skill [Nos. 149, 272, 434, 455]. By chance, the B.E.F. at Mons faced an entire German army that was a key to the Schlieffen Plan. Its objective was to swing around Paris and, if all went well, envelop the bulk of the French armies. Victory in the West would then allow the bulk of German forces to turn to the East and confront the enrolling Russian "steamroller" (the "steamroller" metaphor was commonly but in the event, quite inappropriately, used for the Russians) before it could crush Prussia. The B.E.F., which the Kaiser referred to as "a contemptible little army," not only slowed the on-rushing Germans but significantly contributed to fighting them to a stand-still over the remaining months of 1914. British troops were the most professional of all European forces, for they

6

The Battles of the B.E.F.

were long-service volunteers, with correspondingly more training than the reserves called out by the Continental Powers. Reports that Germans took their aimed systematic rifle fire to be machine guns are common [for a particularly enthusiastic account see No. 234]. By the end of the year, however, the "Old Contemptibles" were no more. Even after a generation had passed, it took courage to criticize such a force. Historians are subject to popular and political pressures like other commentators (though one hopes less so), but even today there is little, if any, criticism of the Tommies of the B.E.F.. It seems unlikely that this will change. Leadership and administration have been more criticized by both contemporaries and historians. The upper ranks were inexperienced. Their combat experience was, with the exception of the Boer War, limited to relatively small units fighting against poorly equipped, often poorly led colonial "rebels." Furthermore, staff work had not been much admired in the officer corps and some officers found themselves with jobs for which they had not trained. The result was that in the first months of the war they did not cooperate well, and operations were not well coordinated [Nos. 112, 162, 489, 360-62]. Such problems were worsened by the fact that communications were in a transition from hand-delivered notes to radios. For the moment, a congeries of methods was used, with varying results. Few of these problems were really the fault of the officers involved, and beyond discussing the impact on performance of the army, most commentators offer little criticism of them. A problem that could have been avoided was the confusion created by personal rivalries among the officers who led the B.E.F.. The British Army's officer corps had long been torn by pique. Cliques or "gangs" often formed around important top commanders such as Lords Wolseley and Roberts. Members competed for command and promotions and were promoted by their patrons without, necessarily, demonstrating a fitness to command. During the era of colonial conflict, this tendency did not result in serious difficulties. Generally one group or another controlled an operation and most of the officers were at least competent. The magnitude of World War I, and the much greater complexity of command, however, required men from all groups and a higher level of cooperation than had the colonial fighting. Although assignments drew men from various cliques, cooperation was not initially dependable or easily achieved. Problems of control were compounded by the tendency of commanders, after giving general direction, to leave detailed tactical matters to the men on the scene [No. 825]. While this reflected the limited, slow communications of the day, it also meant that tactical commanders were free to shape the parts of operations their units fought. If they disliked and/or distrusted one another trouble could easily arise. Central to this, according to many studies [Nos. 22, 163, 215] was Sir Henry Wilson. Wilson, a Francophile and planner for the deployment of the B.E.F., was regarded as political and erratic. Before the War he had been Director of Military Operations, and he had remained in Britain acting as Deputy Chief of Staff, but many of the men in France were either tied to him or his foes. Colonel George "Uncle" Harper, commander of the Operations Section, was a Wilson man as was Sir John French,

The Battles of 1914

7

the commander-in-chief. Unfortunately, Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Murray, the Chief of Staff, and Colonel George Macdonogh, the Director of Military Intelligence, were not part of the clique, and their ability to function effectively was undermined. Worse, Murray still suffering from the after effects of a Boer War wound, was not able to perform adequately, and French tended to allow Wilson to fill the gap [No. 288, 490]. Wilson tended to assume that the plans and assessments of the French army were valid and to dismiss any intelligence to the contrary. His influence resulted in such assumptions being imposed on the B.E.F., and intelligence that numerous German forces were moving toward the British at Mons were ignored or dismissed. This was the worst, but far from the only problem, produced by the rivalries among the officers in the early part of the war. Unfortunately, scholars examining the early months of the war have not, to date, clearly assessed the role of Wilson and his influence. Although Nicholas Gardner [No. 362] and Martin Samuels [No. 825] have made some important steps in evaluating some aspects of command problems, the lack of a comprehensive study is one of the weaknesses in the historiography of the war. The B.E.F.'s performance at the Battle of Mons, August 23, 1914, was superior. Only Smith-Dorrien's II Corps was heavily engaged, but faced by increasingly large numbers of Germans, the Tommies fired their bolt action LeeEnfield rifles so well that the Germans reported facing concentrated machine gun fire. They appear to have been surprised to find the B.E.F. at Mons [Nos. 103, 556]. It was the misfortune of the B.E.F. to have ended up in the path of the Schlieffen Plan, and a force of four divisions even with its cavalry support had no prospect of long-term success in that situation. By the end of the day, the British losses totaled 1,638 men and Headquarters was beginning to understand that their position was untenable. A clear, brief account of the battle, with excellent maps, may be found in David Lomas's Mons in the Osprey Campaign Series [No. 599]. John Terraine's book about Mons [No. 908] and the retreat from it is much more scholarly, and while David Ascoli's [No. 21] offers much detail, it is poorly documented. Sir John French failed to maintain frequent or reliable communication with his field commanders [Nos. 21, 599, 908], and although he claims in his own writings [No. 341-42] to have directed Mons, a number of scholars credit that to Smith-Dorrien [No. 21, 870-71]. Despite the growing evidence of serious trouble, information was incomplete and overly optimistic reports along with promises of a counter-attack continued to come from the French commanders. The B.E.F.'s commander struggled with his own mercurial disposition, continuing to think for awhile his force could hold on and with British military tradition, which, particularly in the cavalry–his own branch–did not glorify retreat [No. 21]. Such over-optimism was further supported by me francophilic Henry Wilson [No. 21]. Edward Spears, liaison officer to the French army, recounts, in his masterful Liaison 1914 [No. 877; see also 856], Sir John's agonizing and the communication problems that made it worse. There had also been trouble with allies. Sir John was rinding that French units, particularly the 5th army of General Charles Lanrezac, were not

8

The Battles of the B.E.F.

supporting his flanks as promised. Worse, French units appeared to be in retreat while their officers continued to speak confidently of counterattack. The British received no notice of what they were doing or planned to do. This problem would worsen over the next few weeks, but General Sir Hubert Gough has condemned the French for leaving the B.E.F. to face the brunt of the on-coming German attack [No. 399]. Lanrezac, of course, disputes this [No. 513, 573], but it convinced French to retreat and perhaps precipitated a sense of hopelessness that affected his decisions for the next several weeks [No. 21]. While praise for the tactical performance of the B.E.F. in its first confrontation of the war is common, the review of British strategic decisions is decidedly more mixed. Well-known scholar Barbara Tuchman suggests that Mons had no real significance [No. 916] and Georges Blond thinks that it was a crushing defeat [No. 104; see also 908]. Other scholars and participants argue that Mons was a significant victory in that it disrupted the German timetable to the point of contributing significantly to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan [No. 21, 527]. German sources suggest that they expected the battle to continue on August 24 and were surprised to find the B.E.F. gone. The Germans do not seem to think that the B.E.F. had been defeated [Nos. 374, 556]. There have been a number of negative comments from Frenchmen. Colonel V. Huguet [No. 502], Spears' counterpart, seems painfully Anglophobic and disinclined to say anything positive about the B.E.F.. Grabriel Hanotaux [No. 442], certainly a major scholar, criticizes the British for delaying their deployment to Mons, leaving the French open to defeat at the Sambre River. George Perris [No. 747] counters with the argument that B.E.F. followed the schedule it had announced and the French broke down due to their own poor intelligence. Unfortunately the fog of war does not necessarily dissipate with time, and such disputes, some clearly nationalistic in sentiment, may never be adequately resolved. However, an encouraging shift in World War I historiography away from generalship and the man in the trenches and to mid and low level command may yet produce some enlightening results. The retreat from Mons produced some of the most contentious decisions and actions of the B.E.F. and its leaders. The I Corps was lucky. Its orders arrived promptly and the German orders to attack came late. Haig had time to organize his force, disengage, and withdraw far enough away to be safe before the Germans moved, and von Kluck's plan for trapping the B.E.F. in the fortress of Maubeuge was already beginning to fail. There was no electronic link to the II Corps, and word, carried by hand, did not reach its headquarters until the early morning hours (about 3:00 A.M.) of August 24. It was the beginning of a particularly difficult period for Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien [Nos. 52, 77-78, 871-72, 582]. The communications delay prevented disengagement under the cover of darkness. The roads were badly clogged with oncoming troops and supplies and fleeing Belgian refugees and took additional time to clear. German artillery began shelling II Corps' positions early in the day, and II Corps units faced heavy odds at various points as with a rear guard of two battalions facing a full German division. Communications failed and a battalion of Cheshires was overrun because it held its ground as the rest

The Battles of 1914

9

of the British forces withdrew. Eventually the II Corps maneuvered to safety, but 2,606 Tommies were lost–more than at Mons itself. By the 25th of August, Sir John French had cycled to full pessimism, and had little thought beyond extracting the B.E.F. from battle. To speed the process he decided to split the B.E.F., with I Corps moving to the east of Mormal Forrest and II Corps to the west. The two corps would reunite at Le Cateau, but until then would remain separated by about four miles of woods. Once again I Corps, despite a brief panic–uncharacteristic for Haig--due to what turned out to be a skirmish, had little trouble. Slowed by the difficulty of disengaging, II Corps straggled into its encampments late into the night of the 25th. Sir Edmund Allenby, B.E.F. cavalry commander, arrived to tell Smith-Dorrien that his retreat had to continue at once or the Germans would be on him. With his rearguard still straggling in and his forces badly in need of rest, Smith-Dorrien made a fateful decision: he would fight. He planned to block the Germans and take advantage of their surprise to once again disengage and continue his retreat. Allenby agreed with the decision and to put his force at Smith-Dorrien's disposal. Lieutenant General Thomas D'O. Snow, whose 4th Division was arriving (much of its heavy equipment was unavailable) did the same. The decision when telephoned to Headquarters was not welcomed. Murray, the chief of staff, reportedly fainted [No. 521] and certainly he was losing control. Sir John French deferred to the man on the scene but made it clear that he would have preferred the retirement to have continued without a break. Smith-Dorrien fought, and despite 8,482 casualties, the II Corps was able to move away and resume the full retreat the following day. Unfortunately, there is no modern or definitive account of the battle of Le Cateau. The most complete account remains the brief volume issued by the War Office in 1934 [No. 441]. There are, of course numerous memoirs and unit histories that describe all or parts of the struggle [see Index under Le Cateau]. This is particularly regrettable in British military historiography because the debate about whether Smith-Dorrien did the right thing began almost immediately and continues at the time of this writing. It would be difficult to decide from existing accounts whether Le Cateau was a significant victory or a disastrous defeat. There are some valuable modern accounts. The best is John Terraine's Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908]. Terraine's praise for the B.E.F. in 1914 is enthusiastic. He emphasizes the importance of the British role in stopping the Schlieffen Plan, and says that Le Cateau was "one of the most splendid feats of the British Army during the whole war," Terraine is articulate and erudite but tends also to be tendentious. His work is the foundation of what is really a sea change in World War I historiography moving from condemnation of Allied, particularly British, generals as murderous fools to portraying them as determined men who learned the new warfare and ultimately won the war. He argues his case well, but he is arguing a case. Andy Simpson follows Terraine's interpretation in his Evolution of Victory [No. 856], and argues, as does David Ascoli [No. 21], that Le Cateau was a triumph for the B.E.F. and strategically significant for blocking the progress of the Schlieffen Plan. Numerous other authors have concurred that Le

10

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Cateau was a significant victory [See for instance Nos. 28-9, 52, 77-78, 94-95, 288, 333, 347, 464, 574, 588, 710, 792, 871-72] including some German [No. 556, 580, 974] and French [Nos. 116, 364, 423, 527, 582] accounts. Although fewer in number, there are some who regard Le Cateau as a minor engagement or even a very serious defeat. Most impressive in this group is the well-known Barbara Tuchman [No. 916], who is dismissive of the entire operation. Tom Bridges, a participant, argues that the morale of the II Corps was significantly undermined, the effect lingering well into the future. Several Frenchmen have asserted that the B.E.F. was battered, but there is reason to wonder if they were not trying to divert some of the problems of 1914 to the B.E.F. and away from their countrymen [Nos. 104, 502]. F. E. Whitton, in a very weak book [No. 959], offers a contemporary British agreement that Le Cateau was a disaster. Sir John French initially praised Smith-Dorrien, but later the B.E.F.'s commander completely reversed his position and argued [No. 341] that Le Cateau was a defeat and should never have been fought. The background to this and his controversial feud with Smith-Dorrien are discussed in Chapter 4. Once the II Corps disengaged after Le Cateau, the retreat continued. The British force reunited and moved back toward Paris. Good descriptions of the B.E.F.' retreat can be found in Terraine's Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908], Spears' Liaison 1914 [No. 877], and John Ashby's See Glory, Keep Glory: The Story of the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1914-18 [No. 23]. Richard Holmes' Riding the Retreat [No. 490] describes his own horseback exploration of the B.E.F.'s route with historical accounts of the events of 1914 that occurred in the places he was visiting. It is an odd, though charming, approach but filled with insights about the opening of World War I. Historiographical disputes concerning the retreat itself are few, and merge into questions about the Battle of the Marne. As the retreat continued, Sir John French slipped deeper and deeper into what certainly appears to have been depression. There is no doubt that he was mercurial, and exaggerated casualty figures from Le Cateau were certainly worrisome. His orders specified that although he was to cooperate with the French, he was not to put the B.E.F. at risk of destruction if he could possibly avoid doing so. His trust in the French was shaken by what he regarded as a tendency to retreat without warning thus leaving the flanks of the B.E.F. uncovered. His command of the French language was not good and interviews with allied commanders had not improved relations. Convinced that disaster loomed, he resolved to remove the B.E.F. from the battle line for regrouping, reinforcement, and resupply. The French, desperately trying to cobble together a resistance and desperate to organize a counter thrust, were appalled. Sir John was unmoved and drove his men to the point that medical reports told of threads in heavy knit socks having literally to be pulled from the flesh of wearers' feet. He intended to move the B.E.F. to safety behind Paris. The two best biographers of Sir John French are George Cassar [No. 186] and Richard Holmes [No. 489], and although both show respect and sympathy for him, neither offers much defense beyond depression for his actions in the retreat

The Battles of 1914

11

from Mons. The man who had to sort out the situation was Britain's best known soldier at the beginning of World War I: Field Marshall Herbert Horatio Kitchener (1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum), who had been appointed Secretary of State for War on August 7, 1914. It was to him that Allied pleas for the B.E.F. to stand its ground went, and he was French's political boss. His attitude about French was less than enthusiastic. French felt that Kitchener treated him virtually as a subordinate in the field and had ideas of taking command. On September 1, Kitchener went to Paris and wearing his full Field Marshall's regalia, met with French, and effectively ended the retreat. French, in his memoir 1914 [No. 341] condemns Kitchener for undermining his authority and asserts (French's is the only account of the conversation) that Kitchener actually approved of the retreat. Although French has some support [No. 297, 635], most of those who have discussed the situation have agreed that Kitchener was simply trying to put some starch into French and get the B.E.F. back into the battle [Nos. 16, 21, 162, 710, 820], although at least one scholar wonders if French may not have gotten an unintended message [No. 186]. Intentions and messages aside, the result was that the B.E.F. reversed its direction and moved into the Battle of the Marne, again to mixed reviews. It some senses the history of the Marne is really French history, but the B.E.F. played a role, though how significant depends on who tells the story. Historiographically the questions about the B.E.F. are: did it move too slowly and thus forfeit a chance to turn the Marne into a much more meaningful strategic victory, and did its efforts actually have much strategic meaning at all? The key to the battle was a counter-attack into a gap between the first and second German armies, and opinions differ about Sir John French's elan in handling the British share. A number of historians and contemporaries agree that the B.E.F. delivered the key blow in stopping the Schlieffen Plan and preventing German success [Nos. 67, 84, 618, 633, 874]. The most important defender of the B.E.F.'s success is John Terraine in Mons: Retreat to Victory [No. 908]. Others argue just as passionately that the B.E.F. moved so slowly into position at the Marne that opportunities were lost and although the German advance was stopped British lives were lost for relatively little gain. The opportunity to turn the Marne from a tactical success into a strategic demarche was wasted [Nos. 21, 61, 104, 234, 242, 423, 588, 8551]. The latter group includes French writers who clearly want to blame others for the continuation of the war and British authors, like Basil Liddell Hart, who have worked very hard to damn British generalship in the contest. Those who regard the Marne as insignificant do not particularly condemn the B.E.F., but if their interpretation is correct, then the role of the B.E.F. has little meaning regardless of how well it was played [Nos. 347, 630, 886]. As far as the B.E.F. at the Marne is concerned, the definitive evaluation remains to be written. With the Marne won–whatever the ultimate implications–the rest of 1914 was devoted to establishing the line of defenses that remained until the climactic German breakthroughs of 1918 followed by the Allied counter-attacks that ultimately led to victory. The B.E.F. took its position on the left of the Allied line

12

The Battles of the B.E.F.

in the area of the city of Ypres. It would defend a salient, and fight three major battles at Ypres. The first of these was the last of 1914. Beyond some discussion of the skills of Sir John French and Sir Douglas Haig really reflective of the more significant disputes that in 1915 led to the latter replacing the former [see for instance Nos. 196-97, 584, 642, 710] there is little dispute about the first battle of Ypres from a historiographical point of view. The battle, which destroyed the initial units of the B.E.F., "the Old Contemptibles," has been quite well analyzed by Anthony Farrah-Hockley in Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres [No. 311]. The recent A Storm in Flanders: the Ypres Salient, 1914-1918 by Winston Groom [No. 420], while readable, offers nothing new and contains several factual errors.

Chapter 3

The Battles of 1915

The three months between the battles of First Ypres and Neuve Chapelle were spent in establishing and reinforcing trench lines that ran from the English Channel to Switzerland. The B.E.F. had been reorganized into two armies: the 1st, commanded by Sir Douglas Haig, positioned opposite La Basse and the 2nd, commanded by Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, in the Ypres Salient. The French, as dominant partner in the Entente, controlled offensive planning. The plan developed by French commanderin-chief Field Marshal Joseph Joffre involved a two-pronged attack, and he asked that the B.E.F. relieve two of his corps north of Ypres to free them for participation. British commander-in-chief, Sir John French, agreed and decided to make an independent attack of his own. After some consideration, he chose to strike on Aubers Ridge near La Bassée. The first target would be Neuve Chapelle, from which the battle ultimately took its name. This meant that the 1st Army would make the assault, which Haig, snidely, took as a reflection of Smith-Dorrien's incompetence and the quality of his own force. The situation changed suddenly, when in early February, London decided to send the 29th Division–the only British regular army unit not committed to the war–to the East (it would ultimately become part of the Dardanelles Campaign in Turkey) rather than to the Western Front. Sir John French was depending on the 29th to handle the relief of the French corps before the offensive. Although a Territorial division would be sent to the Western Front, Sir John did not think it could handle the same level of responsibility as a regular army division. He retracted his agreement to relieve the French corps. Outraged, Joffre canceled his plans for attack, but Sir John decided to proceed with his. The assault was to be made by the IV Corps, commanded by Sir Henry Rawlinson [No. 657, 767], and the Indian Corps, commanded by Sir James Willcock [No. 964]. Rawlinson, in overall command, prepared well. His artillery concentration of one gun to every six yards of front was particularly effective because the high water table in the area required shallow trenches inadequately protected by sandbag parapets. The goal was to reduce the salient into British lines

14

The Battles of the B.E.F.

at Neuve Chapelle. The initial attack on March 10th was quite effective, though late-arriving artillery left some German machine guns at the northern end of the front in action, causing serious casualties in two battalions [No. 73]. The resulting delay combined with poor communications (a problem that would last out the war) resulted in a delay in the second phase of the attack, an advance on Aubers Ridge itself. At the end of the first day, a thousand yards had been gained on a front of four thousand yards, but two more days of fighting produced nothing more of significance. Sir John French and Sir Douglas Haig had clearly hoped for more, and had cavalry ready to exploit any meaningful breakthrough. In fact the results were a gain of about 1,000 yards on a front of about 3,000 yards at the price of 583 officers and 12,309 other ranks. The B.E.F. had proven itself a valuable member of the Entente and shown the politicians that progress could be made on the Western Front, helping to undermine arguments that resources should go to "sideshows" such as the Dardanelles Offensive. As historians have looked at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle there has been a good bit of consensus about the tactics and what did and did not work. There is less agreement about the lessons learned and how well what was learned was applied to future conflict. One key lesson was the use of artillery, the concentration of which was not duplicated until 1917 [Nos. 30, 43, 137, 678, 1015], though some observers suggest that the growing shortage of ammunition was a problem (production was to become a crisis, politically as well as militarily) [Nos. 137, 140, 336]. The problem of communication between the commanders and the attack forces was illustrated [Nos. 336, 759, 856], though few attempt to blame the commanders for not anticipating such problems. The real debate is not whether these problems and potential lessons were recognized or appreciated, but whether the generals learned with reasonable expedition. Haig insisted on pushing ahead after the successes of the first day and gained little [Nos. 768, 856]. Although this may have been merely the result of an initial success, a willingness to continue even after advances had clearly stalled would be a pattern in subsequent, larger attacks in 1916 and 1917. Even so early in the war, this tendency was strongly criticized [No. 137]. He is defended in connection with Neuve Chapelle with the argument that he planned carefully and well and could not have predicted the problems of modern war [No, 618, 872, 906]. Knowing of later problems makes it overly easy to see their origins in the early stages of the conflict, whether or not they are really there. Haig's ability to adapt to the new warfare is a continuing point of discussion [Nos. 79, 261, 906]. It is clear that Neuve Chapelle established some trends that would continue for most of the war. The importance of artillery–though much remained to be learned–the difficulty of sustaining an initial success, and the lack of dependable communications were all demonstrated, though it took years for the lessons to be dependably understood. The establishment of such patterns made the battle significant according to some [Nos. 137]. Others, however, believe that Neuve Chapelle had little importance because with the French limiting their participation to joining the artillery barrage, the battle was too small to have a strategic impact [No. 856], or simply that the British lost due to misunderstanding

The Battles of 1915

15

the impact of German machine guns which had not been silenced [No. 1002], and foolishly repeated vain attacks that cost casualties but gained nothing [No. 137]. After Neuve Chapelle it was the Germans' turn to launch an attack. On April 22 they released a cloud of chlorine gas that drifted over British (actually Canadian lines) and French lines northeast of Ypres. The new weapon proved quite effective and opened a gap that, had the Germans been prepared to exploit it, had the potential to be a decisive breakthrough. Even though the Germans were not prepared, the struggle to reestablish Entente lines was desperate and costly. Much of the key fighting was done by the Canadian Corps, and the fullest accounts of the battle focus on those units. The best are Daniel G. Dancocks, Welcome to Flanders Fields, the First Canadian Battle of the Great War: Ypres 1915 [No. 253], Tim Cook, No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War [No. 223], and George Cassar, Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Second Battle of Ypres [No. 185]. John Dixon's recent work Magnificent but Not War [No. 266] adds a broader perspective. There is little historiographical debate about this battle. Most historians note the failure of the B.E.F.'s command to respond to several warnings that the use of gas was immanent [For example, Nos. 185, 351, 487, 1010] and praise the Canadians for heroic determination. The Official History [No. 288], on the other hand, understates the Canadian role. It was at this point that the much debated dispute between Sir John French and Sir Horace SmithDorrien came to a head and the latter was relieved. The historiography of this dispute is considered in Chapter 4. In May the Allied offensive continued, with the B.E.F.'s 1st Army assaulting Aubers Ridge in concert with a French attack further south. For the British this was really a continuation of the Neuve Chapelle attack. No one questions that Aubers Ridge was an unmitigated disaster costing some 11,500 casualties compared to German reports of about 1,000. The most complete accounts are the Official History [No, 288], which is quite critical of the British use of artillery and Adrian Bristow's, A Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Aubers Ridge, 1915 and the Subsequent Munitions Scandal, [No. 137] though the author's rather haphazard approach to citing sources can be an annoyance. The questions raised in the historiography of World War I about the battle concern the larger issue of commanders trying to figure out how to fight the new warfare and whether they made any progress based on the lessons from Neuve Chapelle. Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson assert in their meticulous study of Sir Henry Rawlinson [No. 767], tactical commander at Aubers Ridge, had learned from Neuve Chapelle that German lines could be broken if adequate artillery fire were applied. Although initially well planned, that concentration was ultimately watered down at Aubers Ridge. Prior and Wilson blame Sir John French for shifting the attack to accommodate the French, though they acknowledge that Rawlinson and 1st Army commander Douglas Haig failed to adjust as the attack frontage lengthened. Bristow, however, indicates that the concentration of guns was about the same at the two battles. He blames the shortage of shells that was a continuing problem for the B.E.F. for the inadequate barrage. He thinks the British commanders would have preferred a longer, heavier

16

The Battles of the B.E.F.

barrage, like the French employed, but settled for a short intense one due to the shortage of munitions. Andy Simpson [No. 856] adds both that British munitions contained a very high number of duds and that the Germans, who also learned from Neuve Chapelle, had improved their defenses so that only high explosive shells from howitzers were very effective. The B.E.F. had few of both these shells and guns. Generally, these historians see the B.E.F.'s commanders beginning to understand in theory the importance of artillery on the Western Front, and agree with G. C. Wynne's earlier remark that Aubers Ridge marked the definitive shift of British tactics toward extended barrages with heavier and heavier guns [No. 1002]. The problem was more in the quantity of guns and shells than in understanding the need for them. The initial disappointment at Aubers Ridge did not discourage Sir John French, and he ordered further efforts. On May 16 the 1st Army sent three divisions at Festubert to the south of Neuve Chapelle. A three day bombardment, all the available munitions would allow, proved entirely inadequate. The attack overran the front line of German trenches which were then abandoned by the defenders, who reinforced the second line. For the price of 16,500 men the B.E.F. advanced about 1,000 yards on a 3,000 yard front. Unfortunately there is no full account beyond the Official History; students reading about the battle in other accounts will find differing analyses. Such a reader might be told that Festubert was the first battle with attrition as the goal rather than ground and so worked reasonably well [No. 856], or that it was an abortive, poorly organized mess that accomplished little or nothing [No. 336, 395]. He might also find that the generals were clearly applying the lessons of Neuve Chapelle, especially concerning more artillery concentration [Nos. 43, 642, 856, 907, 1002] or that they were not [Nos. 43, 140, 395, 767]. A thorough and definitive study of the battle would be a welcome addition to the literature. Not much had gone well for the Allies in the first half of 1915, and so the commanders, French and Joffre, met in June to plan for the immediate future. They quickly agreed that a defensive strategy would allow the Germans room to expand operations on the Eastern Front and possibly support Austrian efforts against Italy. They also damned the Dardanelles Offensive against the Ottoman Empire, which they believed diverted already inadequate resources from the fighting in France. They were firm in the belief that only on the Western Front could the Central Powers be definitively defeated. Joffre announced his planned attack in the Vimy area and urged the B.E.F. to support this with an attack against Loos on his left. Once again, Sir Douglas Haig's 1st Army was the force in the area. Initially he and French thought Loos offered some real advantages as a target, but a closer look at the ground showed that, while flat, it was marked by pits, waste heaps, and other industrial damage. The ground played clearly into the hands of the defenders. Joffre pressed and French, despite knowing of the difficulties of the ground, conceded. The B.E.F. would attack at Loos. A second controversial issue was poison gas. Having made their condemnations of it as an inhumane, immoral weapon, Allied commanders immediately demanded that poison gas be supplied to

The Battles of 1915

17

them for use as a deterrent, though they were already planning to use it offensively. French and Haig believed that it could remedy the shell shortage, though tactical commanders were hesitant about depending on the first use of an unfamiliar weapon. Haig's plan for Loos was simple. The I and IV Corps would attack between Loos and the La Bassée Canal, supported by diversionary attacks. When the German front was broken, the XI Corps along with the 1st Army's cavalry would drive through the gap. One potential difficulty was that the XI Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General R. C. B. Haking, had an inexperienced staff and two of its three divisions were New Army (i.e., raised after the beginning of the war) and had never been in combat. Its artillery lacked training due to both the lack of opportunity and the shortage of shells to fire. Haig and French also differed about the positioning of the IX Corps. French believed the reserve should be well back and under the direction of the commander-in-chief, who would commit it when and where he thought best. Haig expected to need reserve forces quickly and wanted them well forward and under his control. French feared that if Haig had control of the reserve he might commit it even if there were no gap to exploit and the inexperienced troops would fail and be wasted. Of course, the commander-in-chief had his way. Meanwhile, Sir Henry Rawlinson, again in tactical command under Haig, had growing doubts that even the initial attack would work. Due to his personal position–he had been criticized by French and saved from dismissal by Haig–he kept his counsel to himself. The problems of command, personal and professional, are discussed in Chapter 4. Although the four-day artillery barrage was the biggest up to that time and involved some 250,000 shells, the width of the front reduced the concentration to well below that of Neuve Chapelle. The British hoped that the addition of 140 tons of chlorine gas released from 5,100 cylinders would finish the job, overwhelming the available German gas masks. The plan also included a shrapnel barrage when it was expected that the gas had driven the Germans out of their underground defenses. Despite some mechanical problems, the gas companies got what was called "the accessory" in place, but the weather did not cooperate very well. Wind was needed to move the gas to the German trenches, but a meandering breeze played the British false. In the Loos area the gas blew to and lingered over German trenches but further north it either hung about in no-man's land or blew back into British lines. The latter situation was over dramatized by Robert Graves in Goodbye to All That [No. 405] as there were only seven British deaths due to gas. Nonetheless British soldiers were forced into gas masks and their combat efficiency significantly reduced. The initial fighting went best in the South where the gas was most effective, but progress was made in the Northern areas as well. After half an hour, Haig reported progress to French and urged that the reserves (the XI Corps) be ready to move. After three hours, he reported that his own reserves had been committed and asked for control of the XI Corps. Getting this took almost two hours and two hours later Haking reported he was moving forward but faced real

18

The Battles of the B.E.F.

difficulties. In fact, his corps made long, tiring marches and was not adequately fed. When it arrived on the battlefield on September 26, it was drained and worse sent into combat without covering fire. The units were cut to pieces by German machine gun fire, and despite heroic efforts forced to retire. After several more days of sporadic fighting, the battle ended. The British had lost some 43,000 to perhaps half that for the Germans. The French did no better. There is a study of the Battle of Loos: Philip Warner, The Battle of Loos [No. 940]. It is, however, mostly constructed from excepts from contemporary accounts. It offers description but relatively little analysis. Loos is another battle that still lacks a definitive study. Warner does suggest that if the gains of the first day had been sustained and pursued a more significant victory, if not the desired breakthrough, could have been attained. A number of scholars agree that the lack of reserves was a major problem [Nos. 197, 288, 642, 856, 1004]. Basil Liddell Hart, however, maintains that Haig overstated the problem of reserves and that the real problem was inadequate artillery and poor ground. No one thinks the ground was good, and Liddell Hart gets some support in his argument that the real problem was lack of guns and shells [Nos. 588; see also 43, 302, 856, 1004]. The problems with poison gas have also raised some questions. Albert Palazzo's Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I [No. 736] has done much to improve understanding of the significance of gas as a weapon on the Western Front. He suggests that gas was a more important part of the plan at Loos than has been previously believed, and some other observers have suggested that the failure to properly prepare for the use of the new weapon or inadequate supplies of it were a significant factor in the failure [Nos. 351, 657, 1004]. As with earlier 1915 battles there are also suggestions that the concentration of artillery fire was inadequate [Nos. 43, 856]. In the cases of both gas and artillery, arguments can be made that the commanders were continuing to struggle with how to fight the new warfare and were in the process that ultimately led to victory in 1918 [No. 909]. It can equally be asserted that they were wasting lives in hopeless struggles that they did not adequately understand. Often defenses of them seem to depend on hindsight–the Allies won so they must have figured out how to fight the war. For the B.E.F., Loos was the last significant battle of the year. The British settled into their trenches to hold the line and wait for the growth and training of the newly recruited Kitchener Armies. New army divisions had not fared particularly well at Loos and clearly needed more training, but their potential was clear. The great test would come the following summer at the Somme.

Chapter 4

Generalship

Questions about leadership have dogged the British Army from early in World War I through today. They have been mentioned above, but they are so pervasive that particular attention should be paid to them. As the "butcher’s bill" mounted, it was little wonder that contemporaries and later scholars wondered and questioned aloud whether there might be a better way. Was the infantry really so blunt a weapon that it could only be used to bludgeon the enemy through massed frontal assaults, at terrible cost, until he was so worn down that he had to choose between destruction and surrender? Efforts, such as the Dardanelles Campaign [No. 928], were made to refocus the major efforts of the BEF proved futile, though supporters never conceded that they had been given adequate resources to represent a fair chance. Though these questions would peak later, they were certainly emerging by the end of 1915. They were also adding to earlier questions that had undermined the credibility of Field Marshal Sir John French, and led to his replacement as commander-in-chief of the B.E.F. The B.E.F. crossed to France under the leadership of Sir John French, next to Lord Kitchener, already tapped to be Secretary of State for War, Britain’s most experienced soldier. French had won fame commanding cavalry in the Boer (or South African) War and continued to believe that mounted forces could play the role of shock troops, an attitude that critics regard as foolish and old fashioned [Nos. 13, 185, 206, 362, 489, 710]. Undoubtedly popular and clearly effective at keeping up his men’s morale [Nos. 362, 203, 808], French lacked administrative talent and had never been tested as wartime leader of more than a division. Critics believe that the stress exacerbated a tendency to be mercurial to the point of cycles of exuberance and depression that undermined his decision-making ability [No. 489]. They insist that his replacement by Sir Douglas Haig at the end of 1915 was not only the right thing but overdue. Contemporaries and later historians have done more to confirm than refute the idea that French was unable to handle the B.E.F. [Nos. 162, 908]. Two recent biographical studies, Richard Holmes, The Little Field Marshall [No. 489] and George Cassar, The Tragedy of Sir John French [No. 188],

20

The Battles of the B.E.F.

portray French as having good leadership qualities but do not acquit him of the charges that he lacked administrative skill, tended to destructive mood swings, and failed to adapt to the nature of the new warfare. Cassar is the more generous of the two. Within this general critique, numerous more specific criticisms have been made of the B.E.F.’s first commander. Although few would go as far as Alan Clark [No. 206] in regarding him as an incompetent dupe, he is not generally regarded as among the first rank of military minds. He was rigid and not ready to change even when the situation made the need clear [Nos. 203, 490, 710, 908]. French’s temperament, according to some commentators, led to problems with Lord Kitchener, the political chief of the army, though some suggest that Kitchener was, at least in part, to blame. During the retreat from Mons the dispirited French felt that the B.E.F. should withdraw from the line entirely for refitting. It took a visit from Kitchener, decked out in his Field Marshall’s uniform, to restore enough of French’s elan to get the B.E.F. into the Battle of the Marne. Although a few scholars have suggested that Kitchener was glory hunting [Nos. 311, 635], most have faulted French for a range of failings ranging from timidness to the point of cowardice, to varying levels of dispiritedness (or depression) either clinical or based on exhaustion and horror at exaggerated casualty reports (that would have been bad enough if accurate) [Nos. 21, 243, 423, 908]. These criticisms when combined with questions about French’s strategic and tactical decisions, make clear that historians do not have a positive view of his generalship. There are also personal matters that are thought to have influenced French’s professional activities and the interpretation of them that darken the clouds that otherwise might have been the regrettable result of a man past his time and out of his depth. Unfortunately Sir John French has been accused being both dishonorable and dishonest. Even before the war there had been some character questions. He had not always been punctilious about the wives of others; he had fallen into financial difficulties (perhaps by gambling) that, except for a substantial unsecured loan from his protege Douglas Haig, were likely to derail his career, and had not looked good for his involvement in the “Currah Mutiny.” The first of these was hardly unusual, and the second had been adequately resolved. The “Currah Mutiny,” which involved resistance to the possible use of the army to impose Home Rule on Ireland, involved a large part of the senior officers of the army, and so while French’s effort to be both a resister and avoid the consequences may have soured some of his relationships in the officer corps [No. 362], these situations would not have been major historical issues. They are remembered, however, as precursors to French’s treatment of General Horace Smith-Dorrien during the war and his responses to criticisms of that treatment and other matters afterward. It seems likely that all this past and personal baggage would have been cast aside and forgotten if French's year and a half of command on the Western Front had been marked by victory. They were, of course, not very successful. How much of the failure was the fault of Sir John remains a matter of dispute among historians. However, he did make mistakes and his behavior was at times defensive and did not

Generalship

21

help him maintain his position. Problems came quickly. Eager and talking about offensives, French sank into gloom as the B.E.F. was forced to fall back from Mons. His problems with General Charles Lanrezac whose 5th Army was on the flank of the B.E.F., almost certainly exacerbated by his own lack of language skills, were real, but his tendency to blame the French for causing the retreat while not duly acknowledging the desperate and heroic efforts of General Sordet's [Nos. 116, 749] cavalry to cover the retreat inaugurated a pattern of blaming others. This did nothing to help Sir John's reputation at the time and became part of the post war debate as various memoirs fueled one side or another. The issues surrounding the Battle of Le Cateau are more bitter. Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien was unexpectedly in command of the B.E.F.’s second corps, having been appointed by Lord Kitchener when the original commander died en route to France in August, 1914. French and Smith-Dorrien were not friends [No. 710], and the commander-in-chief had suggested Sir Hubert Plumer for command of the II Corps. By coincidence, the bulk of the fighting at Mons, the B.E.F.’s first battle, fell to the II Corps, and on the retreat with the two British corps separated, SmithDorrien decided he had to make a stand at Le Cateau to block pursuit (see details of the battle above). The immediacy of the situation and the state of communications meant that French, who was determined to continue retreating, could only, reluctantly, acquiesce to Le Cateau after the fact, and it has been asserted [No. 521] that Sir Archibald Murray, French’s chief-of-staff, actually fainted when the message that Smith-Dorrien was going to fight came over the telephone. Once the situation clarified, French did openly praise Smith-Dorrien for his actions. But a few months later, at the time of Second Ypres, when SmithDorrien suggested a strategic withdrawal to shorten the British line and reduce the Ypres Salient, French accused him of defeatism and relieved him of command. Then, when the new corps commander, Plumer, suggested a similar withdrawal, is was made with little comment by French. Although Smith-Dorrien refused to make charges even when defending his tactics [No. 870], most historians have regarded his treatment as unfair and probably personal. The relationship of the two men has been described as bitter, perhaps stemming from a pre-war dispute over the role of cavalry as traditional shock force (French) or mounted infantry (Smith-Dorrien) [Nos. 359, 521, 489, 710]. Basil Liddell Hart [No. 588], no friend of British World War I generals, suggests that French misperceived his major rival, targeting Simth-Dorrien rather than Haig as the threat to his position. Smith-Dorrien’s biographers have defended their subject firmly [Nos. 52, 871] as have others who studied the various aspects of the situation [Nos. 77, 78, 582, 872]. French, with his memoirs entitled 1914 [No. 341], made matters worse by not only defending himself but also making attacks on Smith-Dorrien, some of which actually contradict his own statements from 1914-15. He has been accused of turning the book over to a secretary once he did some notes for it and then not bothering to check the result so the problems were due to sloppiness [No. 52]. He has also been accused of out and out lying and virtual paranoia [No. 710]. Since his book is a virtual screed, denouncing Kitchener

22

The Battles of the B.E.F.

for micro-managing the campaign and undermining the field commander and Sir Douglas Haig for double-crossing him in an effort to get his command (this controversy is discussed below), it seems difficult to credit. The most vigorous defense of French comes from his son [Nos, 343-46], but Ian Beckett [No.80] does suggest that the delayed orders that kept Smith-Dorrien from disengaging promptly at Mons could have been telegraphed to him. The II Corps Chief of Staff, George Forestier-Walker, chose to report in person. If Beckett's account is correct it would cast some doubt on the efficiency of II Corps' leadership and give some support to French's view of Smith-Dorrien. The fact that historians, always on the lookout for a revisionist theme, have not come to his rescue more eagerly, however, suggests that French was in the wrong. After Le Cateau the retreat continued, with French beginning to think of retiring behind Paris to regroup and removing the B.E.F. from the fray entirely. Pleas from the desperate Joffre led to intervention by Lord Kitchener, who as Secretary of State for War was Sir John's political boss. Kitchener, who, according to many scholars, did not think well of French [Nos. 21, 586, 635] decided to go to France and discuss the situation in early September. He met the B.E.F. commander wearing his Field Marshal's uniform and decorations, which Sir John took as both an insult and possibly a desire to take command in the field [No. 341]. Kitchener's two best biographers, Trevor Royle [No. 820] and George Cassar [No. 186-87] maintain that there was no such intent, though Cassar does admit Sir John may have misread the message. They argue that Kitchener merely wanted to impress on French that the government expected his force to take an active part in the defense of France. They believe that the fuss over Kitchener's dress was an effort by Sir John to cover his panicked reaction and divert Kitchener from either inspecting the B.E.F., which he would have found ready to fight, or talking with the French high command, which might have spoken ill of Sir John's leadership. Philip Magnus and some other scholars, however, think French's interpretation was pretty much on target [No. 635; see also 21, 311]. Cassar does think that Kitchener considered taking command, and Richard Holmes [No. 490], while he criticizes the decision, offers the mitigating factors of exhaustion and exaggerated casualty reports. Since the only extant account of their conversation is French's, it is unlikely that Kitchener's goals will ever be sorted out entirely. In any case, the retreat ended and the B.E.F. turned to play its part in the Battle of the Marne. Victory at the Marne, unfortunately, did little to clear the reputation of Sir John French. The problems of the battle have been discussed above, but the charges that the B.E.F. moved too slowly to allow a truly strategic success should be recalled when thinking about Sir John's fate. Both in contemporary debates and later histories these questions have dogged his reputation. They have become part of an aura of failure that historians have not dispelled. The establishment of trench lines and the emergence of the stalemate on the Western Front saw the BEF make desperate and heroic stands at battles like first and 2nd Ypres. The cost of these battles was high, but normally such defensive holds would redound to the credit of the commander. Oddly French gets little

Generalship

23

credit. Historians have been more interested in the relief of Smith-Dorrien, already mentioned, and those whose focus is the Canadians, in the performance of both the troops and Arthur Currie their commander, who organized the defense at 2nd Ypres. Canadians even damn the British for failing to provide help when Currie, his back to the wall, pleaded personally for it [Nos. 252-53, 507, 924]. French is either ignored or portrayed as detached and uninvolved. The fruitless struggles at Neuve Chappelle and Aubers Ridge were planned in conjunction with French, and he must share in the blame for failure. Sir John, however, does not seem to get the same degree of consideration about the need for learning the new warfare. He and Haig are both blamed for continuing to believe in mid-1915 that victory was determined by the moral element, i.e., soldiers who pushed hard enough would win [No.856]. Revisionists credit Haig with learning better [Nos. 710, 906], but the fact that he had time denied to French is ignored. Historians before the 1960s tended to follow the lead of Basil Liddell Hart Nos. [585-88] and condemn British generalship generally. More recently the theme pioneered by John Terraine [Nos. 906] suggesting that it took time to learn how to fight with modern technology and mass armies, has seen the leaders in a kinder light. But this newer thinking has focused on Haig rather than French, perhaps because Haig was in command at the end of the war. There seems little speculation that French might have followed the same pattern of development. Political machinations by Sir John may have helped turn attention to his weaknesses. The battles of 1915 were hampered by a shortage of artillery shells. French tried to use the shortage to explain if not excuse the B.E.F.'s failure [Nos. 584], going as far as leaking information about it to The Times correspondent Charles a Court Repington [No. 789]. Even politicians who benefitted politically from the revelation [No. 597], came away thinking that Sir John could not be trusted. The political situation was worsened due to the fact the Prime Minister, H. H. Asquith, said, based on a report Kitchener attributed to French, to Parliament that the B.E.F. had plentiful shells for Aubers Ridge. It did not, and French later denied telling Kitchener it did [No. 137]. The Battle of Loos, the B.E.F.'s last significant fight of 1915, sealed French's fate. Not only was the battle a failure, French took a more active role. He kept the reserve forces under his own control well back from the battle line. When the initial attack made some gains, Haig asked for reinforcement. The combination of slow communications and long march to the front resulted in a significant delay in the reserve forces getting into combat. They were exhausted from marching and most green as well. They were ineffective. Although Basil Liddell Hart [No. 588] says that he was exaggerating, Haig used the delay to explain why his battle plan had failed and blamed French, making his view known back in England, and certainly others take Haig's side [No. 227]. Lord Blake in his edition of Haig's papers [No. 101] indicates that Haig out-maneuvered French politically on this question. Although it was effective at the time, historians have not given Loos much chance of success regardless of the reserve difficulty [Nos. 15, 179, 206, 227, 302, 405, 900, 970, 982, 994, 940].

24

The Battles of the B.E.F.

At the end of 1915, French was relieved and command put in the hands of Haig. French's difficulties had probably reached the point that a change was a good idea, but many have questioned the choice of Haig. He has been attacked for overemphasis on cavalry. Though horse soldiers were the only mobile force, they could act, after the very first encounters, only in the unlikely case of a breakthrough and then would be faced with modern weapons they could not counter. Haig seemed slow to reach this realization [No. 642]. Haig's slowness to learn might be attributed to what General Hubert Gough regarded as inflexibility and an unwillingness to change his view regardless of circumstances [No. 399]. The new commander has also been portrayed as not particularly intelligent and as an intriguer who actively sought to undermine his chief. Although such charges go back into the beginnings of Haig's career, the issues during World War I revolve around his tendency to speak ill of French to political superiors [Nos. 261, 940]. Haig's own writings [No. 101] shed little light on his actions and motives; nor do his diaries, but his friend and biographer, John Charteris, who served on Haig's staff for most of the war, asserts that Haig had already begun to assert French was unfit for command [No. 196-97]. Haig had the personal and family connections to allow such behavior. In fact, he had been invited by King George IV and by Lord Kitchener to write them privately and freely about his views of the situation. Haig used this opportunity to illuminate what he thought were French's failings. He was also in touch with military authorities such as Sir William Robertson, the Quartermaster General of the B.E.F., and Lord Kitchener at the War Office [No. 226]. John Terraine has vigorously defended Haig, arguing that he was an intelligent, capable soldier and behaved in an ethical, professional manner [No. 906; see also 642]. Like many historiographical questions, the possible ambitions of Sir Douglas Haig are likely to continue to be debated. Sir John French's response, however, undermined his own credibility perhaps beyond reparation. His memoir 1914 [No. 341] is defensive and filled with contradictions. He completely reverses his praise for Smith-Dorrien at Le Cateau reverting to his earlier charges based on inflated casualty figures. He attacks Haig, Kitchiner, and others on specious grounds [Nos. 162, 186, 820] while portraying himself as little less than a paragon. His only support comes from his second son Gerald, who in a series of books [Nos. 343-46] tried to make his father's case. He was not successful. French's memoir is so much an embarrassment that, even if there were a case to be made for him, he discouraged those who might have defended him. Its problems have been attributed to sloppy preparation [No. 21] and to exaggerated defensiveness [No. 710]. It seems likely that the problems of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 will continue to be tied to him and its successes credited to others.

Annotated Bibliography

1

A.H. B. [Burne, A. H.] Some Pages From the History of "Q" Battery R. H. A. in the Great War. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1922. Burne tells the story of serving in the B.E.F. from the end of First Ypres, and makes clear the frustration of the Royal Horse Artillery due to being forced to fight from fixed positions rather than maneuvering as it had been trained.

2

Adami, J. G. The War Story of the Canadian Army Medical Corps. London: Colour and the Rolls House Publishing Co., 1918. The author describes dealing with wounded in 1915, with the greatest attention to Second Ypres and Festubert.

3

Adams, Bernard. Nothing of Importance: A Record of Eight Months at the Front with a Welsh Battalion. New York: Robert M. McBride; rpt. 1988. Adams' personal narrative of the front near Cuinchy and Givenchy in the Ypres Salient in the last months of 1915 shows thoughtful observation in the selection of scenes to describe.

4

Adams, Jack. The South Wales Borderers. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968. Adams devotes only a chapter to the exploits of the regiment in World War I. Its actions in 1914-15 are, however, briefly outlined.

5

Adamson, Agar. Letters of Agar Adamson 1914 to 1919, Lieutenant Colonel, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Edited by N.M.Christie. Nepean: CEF Books, 1997. Adamson's account of Second Ypres is extensive, and his accounts of life in the salient are particularly vivid and gruesome.

6

Adcock, Arthur. In the Firing Line: Stories of the War by Land and Sea.

26

The Battles of the B.E.F. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914. The account of the Battle of Mons offered here is of, at best, little value to serious scholars.

7

Addington, Larry. The Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff, 1865-1941. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1971. Although his focus is much larger than World War I, Addington's examination of logistical problems in 1914, especially in regard to the Battle of the Marne, is very useful.

8

Adye, John. Soldiers and Others I Have Known. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1925. Although Adye's position as Major-General in charge of Administration resulted in his being kept in London in 1914, his comments on raising manpower and the organization of the B.E.F. make his memoir worth consulting when studying the initial campaigns.

9

Aitken, Max and Roberts, Charles G. D. Canada in Flanders: The Official Story of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. 3 Vols. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916-18. Despite the subtitle, this is a popular and nationalistic though detailed account including Ypres, Festubert, and Neuve Chapelle.

10

Aldrich, Mildred. A Hilltop on the Marne. London: Constable, 1915. Aldrich, an American, lived near the Marne River, and in this collection of letters describes contact with the soldiers of the B.E.F.

11

Allen, George H., Whitehead, Henry C., et al. The Great War. 5 Vols. Philadelphia: George Barrie's Sons, 1915-21. These volumes are a detailed but essentially descriptive history. The portrayal of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 is readable and a good introduction to the situation.

12

Andrews, William L. Haunting Years: The Commentaries of a War Territorial. London: Hutchinson, 1930. Author saw service with the Black Watch in 1915 and at the Somme in 1916.

13

Anglesey, The Marquess of. A History of British Cavalry: The Western Front, 1915-18. London: Leo Cooper, 1997. Although the role of cavalry declined during the war, it remained throughout the only mobile arm capable of exploiting the breakthrough that never came. Nonetheless, the cavalry played a part in the early battles and remained poised in the later ones. Its activities and potential are carefully explored in this volume.

Annotated Bibliography

27

14

Aquila. With the Cavalry in the West. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1922. This diary of a cavalry subaltern has a good picture of life in France during the war but little in the way of stirring incidents or action.

15

Arnewood. With the Guns West and East. Privately Printed, 1924. This account, by Major E. D. M. H. Cooke of the Royal Field Artillery, describes the Battle of Loos in some detail.

16

Arthur, George. Life of Lord Kitchener. 3 Vols. New York: Macmillan, 1920. As Secretary of State for War, Kitchener was a significant part of planning the activities of the B.E.F., and Arthur provides substantial amounts of details about the minister's activities. He also notes his relationship with John French, with whom he had worked during the Boer War. Unfortunately, Arthur is almost entirely uncritical and passes over controversies with little more than an assurance that Kitchener was on the right side in the end.

17

Arthur, George. Lord Haig. London: Heinemann, 1928. Arthur's obvious bias in Haig's favor does not badly color his account of the first years of the war, though he is not a particularly good source for Haig's efforts to replace Sir John French in command of the B.E.F.

18

Arthur, George. Not Worth Reading. London: Longmans, Green, 1938. Arthur, Kitchener's secretary at the War Office, comments about the minister's involvement with the B.E.F. during 1914-15.

19

Arthur, George and Captain Shennan. The Story of the Household Cavalry. 3 Vols. London: Heinemann, 1909-26. Cavalry, often dismounted, were involved in a number of the early battles. These authors give a particularly detailed account of First Ypres.

20

Arz, Arthur Albert. Zur Geschichte des Grössen Krieges, 1914-1918. [The History of the Great War, 1914-1918.] Wien: Rikola verlag, 1924; rpt. 1969. Arz's book is a detailed survey of the war from the German point of view and helps make clear the situation the B.E.F. faced.

21

Ascoli, David. The Mons Star: The British Expeditionary Force 5th Aug.22nd Nov. 1914. London: Harrap, 1981. Ascoli follows the "Old Contemptibles" from the first shots through the end of the fighting in 1914. His descriptions are clear and detailed; he is very critical of Sir John French. Unfortunately, his book is not well documented.

28

The Battles of the B.E.F.

22

Ash, Bernard. The Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field Marshall Sir Henry Wilson. London: Cassell, 1968. Ash not only credits Wilson with most of the responsibility for the creation of and decision to use the B.E.F., but also with being, in practice, the director of its operations in 1914. Ash argues reasonably well for his interpretations, but fails to provide citations to support them.

23

Ashby, John. See Glory, Keep Glory: The Story of the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1914-18. N. P.: Helion, 2000. Ashby offers a complete version of the unit's experiences in the war, and new information about the incident at St. Quentin in 1914 when two colonels agreed to surrender during the retreat from Mons.

24

Ashcroft, A. H. Ed. The History of the Seventh South Staffordshire Regiment. London: Printed by Boyle, Son &Watchurst, 1919. Units of this regiment were involved in a number of the B.E.F.'s battles in 1914-15.

25

Ashurst, George. My Bit: A Lancashire Fusilier at War 1914-1918. Edited by Richard Holmes. Ramsbury: The Crowood Press, 1987. Ashurst arrived in France in November, 1914, and remained until being gassed in April, 1915. He says little about combat, but his descriptions of trench life are detailed and evocative.

26

Asprey, Robert B. The First Battle of the Marne. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1962. Asprey traces the first campaigns of the war culminating in the Battle of the Marne, which he presents as a major turning point in the fortunes of the Germans. His hero is the French General Joffre, whose calm and direct handling of French forces led to victory, and his villain is German General Helmuth von Moltke who lost control of the Battle failing to give vital direction to his armies. The B.E.F., in Asprey's opinion, played a pivotal role in the battle, for without its counterattack the victory would not have been possible.

27

Asprey, Robert B. The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and Ludendorff Conduct World War I. New York: William Morrow, 1991. Asprey's analysis of Helmuth von Moltke in 1914 suggests that the general was at first misled into thinking victory was at hand by overly optimistic reports and poor communications. By September, however, he was aware that Paris would not be taken and victory, if won, would not be quick. Asprey does an

Annotated Bibliography

29

excellent job of showing the problems of the German command during the initial stage of the war and tying them to the political situation. Germans could not admit that the Marne was a defeat, but in calling it a victory, they undermined the authority of Falkenhayn when he took command. 28

Aston, George. The Biography of the Late Marshal Foch. London: Hutchinson, 1929. Aston credits the B.E.F. with saving the French at Mons and Le Cateau, and he thinks Foch got on very well with Sir John French as well as Henry Wilson. Nonetheless, Foch would have preferred Sir Douglas Haig as commander, and claimed more control over the B.E.F. in 1914 than he really had.

29

Aston, George. The Great War of 1914-1918. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1930. This book was clearly intended to convince readers that war is always a mistake, but it does include descriptions of military operations. It would serve as an introduction to the operations of the B.E.F.

30

Atkinson, C. T. The Devonshire Regiment, 1914-1918. Exeter: Eland Brothers/London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1926. Atkinson writes clearly and does a better than adequate job of setting events in context. He describes Devonshire units in action at Givenchy, Festubert, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Loos.

31

Atkinson, C. T. History of the Royal Dragoons, 1661-1934. Glasgow: Robert Maclehose/The University Press for the Regiment, n.d. After arriving in France late in 1914 this unit became a mobile reserve, rushing to trouble spots and fighting on foot. Its experiences are illustrative of the changing role of cavalry.

32

Atkinson, C. T. The History of the South Wales Borderers, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1931. The South Wales Borderers were involved in most of the battles in 1914-15, and Atkinson provides effective descriptions of the tactical aspects along with some comment about the overall situation.

33

Atkinson, C. T. The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 19141918. London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent, 1924. Atkinson provides factual accounts of most of the battles of 1914-15.

34

Atkinson, C. T. The Seventh Division, 1914-1918. London: John Murray, 1927. This well-written unit history provides detailed

30

The Battles of the B.E.F. descriptions of battles in 1914-15 starting with 1st Ypres. It is, however, rather narrowly focused on the battalions of the Seventh Division and their tactical performance.

35

Atkinson, C. T. and D. S. Daniell. Regimental History of the Royal Hampshire Regiment. 3 Vols. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1955. Atkinson, who wrote the volume covering World War I, is a competent historian, and does an effective job of tracing the battalions of the regiment in 1914-15.

36

Atteridge, A. Hilliard. History of the 17th (Northern) Division. Glasgow: Robert Maclehose–The University Press, 1929. The 17th Division was in the line during the fall of 1915 and saw some combat in a supporting role at the Battle of Loos. Atteridge's descriptions are no more than adequate.

37

Atteridge, A. Hilliard. Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His Theory of Modern War. London: Skeffington, n.d. Atteridge is quite laudatory in his treatment of Foch, and although he discusses the B.E.F., especially at the Marne, by making Foch the hero he makes the English seem secondary at best.

38

Auld, S. J. M. Gas and Flame. New York: George H. Doran, 1918. Although his particular focus is the technology of the weapon, Auld devotes several chapters to the battles in which the early use of gas occurred.

39

Azan, Paul. Franchet D'Esprey. Paris: Flamnmarion, 1949. Franchet D'Esprey commanded the French 5th Army, which was to the immediate right of the B.E.F. in the early fighting. Though indirect, his part in shaping the involvement of the B.E.F. was notable.

40

Babin, Gustave. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Plon, 1915. An early effort to follow the development of the battle step by step. Based on French military sources.

41

Babington, Anthony. For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts Martial, 1914-1920. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Babington's observations about discipline are valuable for understanding the B.E.F. as it adjusted to the realities of modern war.

42

Bagshaw, G. B. and R. M. Eassie. Eds. Another Garland from the Front: 5th Canadian Battalion (Western Cavalry), Saskatchewan Regiment. 4 Vols. London: George Pullman and Sons, 1915-

Annotated Bibliography

31

18. Part of the Second Brigade in the First Division, the Fifth Battalion was involved in the action in the Ypres Salient, including Second Ypres, during 1915. 43

Bailey, Jonathan. The First World War and the Birth of the Modern Style of Warfare. Camberley: Strategic and Combat Studies Institute; The Occasional Paper No. 22, 1996. Bailey traces the technological changes, especially in artillery, that characterize modern war, showing their origins in World War I. He argues that the early battles were examples of trial and error learning.

44

Bailey, O. F. and H. M. Hollier. "The Kensingtons" 13th London Regiment. NP: Regimental Old Comrades Association, n.d. Although the focus is narrow and tactical, this volume does provide details of Aubers Ridge and Neuve Chapelle.

45

Bairnsfather, Bruce. Bullets and Billets. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1917. This classic cartoonist's account of life at the front through 2nd Ypres is in the spirit of Bill Mauldin in World War II.

46

Baker, H. A. "History of the 7th Field Company, R.E. During the War 1914-1918." The Royal Engineers Journal 46 (June, 1932): 258-73. This article, which is part of a series, covers the period 1914-16. The unit's efforts at constructing trenches and other defense work and involvement in transport development are described.

47

Baker-Carr, C. D. From Chauffeur to Brigadier. London: Ernest Benn, 1930. Baker-Carr started the war as a driver and describes Le Cateau and the retreat from Mons, after which he was detached to help develop the British machine gun school.

48

Balck, William. Entwicklung der Taktik im Weltkrieg. Berlin: R. Eisenschmidt, 1922. Translated by H. Bell as The Development of Tactics, World War (Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1922). Observations on the evolution of tactics.

49

Baldwin, Hanson W. World War I: An Outline History. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1962. Baldwin's volume provides a useful reference for detail and specific events.

50

Baldwin, Harold. "Holding the Line". Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1918. This largely superficial memoir of service with the 1st Division CEF has a fairly detailed account of Second Ypres.

32

The Battles of the B.E.F.

51

Bales, P. G. The History of the 1/4 Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment, 1914-1919. Hallifax: E. Mortimer, 1920. Covers trench life and fighting in the latter months of 1915 in the Ypres Salient, but none of the major battles.

52

Ballard, C. Smith-Dorrien. London: Constable, 1931. Ballard is sympathetic to Smith-Dorrien in the feud with Sir John French and argues his case vigorously. Unfortunately, he offers only a few excepts from official documents as evidence.

53

Ballard, C. R. Kitchener. New York: Dodd Mead, 1930. Ballard describes the events of 1914-15, and particularly lauds Kitchener's handling of French during their Paris meeting concerning the retreat from Mons. He asserts that Kitchener was, however, too slow to realize that personalities and politics were factors in military planning and for failing to keep abreast of what French was planning. Kitchener, however, had relatively little to do with military operations and made his great contributions in the areas of recruitment and relations with allies.

54

Banks, Arthur. A Military Atlas of the First World War. London: William Heinemann, 1975; rpt. 1989. Provides excellent maps of the battlefields.

55

Banks, T. M. and R. A. Chell. With the 10th Essex in France. 2nd Ed. London: Gay & Hancock, 1924. Although the 10th Essex only arrived in France in the fall of 1915, this account of the unit has details of life in the trenches for the B.E.F.

56

Barclay, C. N. "France and Belgium, 1914: Part I The Opening Moves and the Battle of the Marne." Army Quarterly 103 (Oct., 1972): 39-51; "Part II The Battle of the Aisne and the Race to the Sea." (Jan., 1973): 182-92. Barclay's outline of the initial campaigning is clear, and he makes a few comments concerning historiographical issues as well.

57

Baring, Maruice. Flying Corps Headquarters, 1914-1918. London: Bell, 1920; rpt. 1968; 1985. Baring spent the first months of the war as an Royal Flying Corps intelligence officer in France and then early in 1915 was transferred to the R.F.C. headquarters unit. His account is overly personal but does provide some information about operations.

58

Barker, A. J. The West Yorkshire Regiment. London: Leo Cooper, 1974. Barker's book is short but does incorporate the regiment's

Annotated Bibliography

33

activities in early part of the war, including the Aisne, Aubers, and Loos. The account is of little value other than to locate the regiment's battalions. 59

Barker, Ralph. The Royal Flying Corps in France: From Mons to the Somme. London: Constable, 1994. The importance of aerial observation became important quickly to the B.E.F., and Barker provides an overview of the RFC's operations in the first years of the war.

60

Barnard, L. G. The Leading Pictorial Souvenir of the Great War, Depicting Especially the Part Played by Canada and the Canadians. 2 Vols. Montreal: Dodd-Simpson Press, 1914-15. Only the pictures in this volume retain any value.

61

Barnett, Correlli. The Sword Bearers: Supreme Command in the First World War. London: Erye and Spottiswoode, 1963; rpt. 1975. Barnett provides a clear picture of the problems of command that cost the Germans a victory in 1914. He is particularly critical of Generals Alexander von Kluck and Karl von Bülow for allowing a gap between armies that the Allies exploited at Mons.

62

Barrie, Alexander. War Underground: The Tunnellers of the Great War. London: Muller, 1962; rpt. 1988, 2000. Barrie's account of the dangerous and dark war of mining in attempts to plant explosives under enemy positions is stark and vivid. He shows that even early in the war the B.E.F. was seriously involved in this effort.

63

Barrow, George. The Fire of Life. London: Hutchinson, n.d. Barrow was Allenby's intelligence officer in France and in his autobiography reports his contributions to finding out about enemy activities.

64

Barrow, George. The Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro. London: Hutchinson, 1931. Barrow does not think he needs to describe the activities of Monro's units, and although he includes occasional quotes from the general, the book's value is mostly as a character sketch. This is unfortunate because a description of the Second Division's command in 1914-15 would be valuable.

65

Batchelor, Peter and Christopher Matson. VCs of the First World War: The Western Front, 1915. Thrupp Stroud,: Sutton Publishing, 1997. The authors include seventy-two biographical sketches of the B.E.F.'s heroes from 1915.

34

The Battles of the B.E.F.

66

Battine, Cecil. A Military History of the War, From the Declaration of War to the Close of the Campaign of August 1914. London: Hodder and Stoughton, n.d. Provides a descriptive history of the first weeks of fighting.

67

Bauer, Max. Der Grosse Krieg im Feld und Heimat. [The Great War on the Battlefield and at Home.] Tübingen, 1921. Bauer, who would be a member of Ludendorff's operations staff, is critical of Moltke's intelligence, which he suggests led to false confidence in the general. He also discusses Moltke's failure to prevent rivalry between Generals Kluck and Bülow from compromising the German effort at the Marne. Bauer's connection to Ludendorff, who was very critical of his predecessors in command, makes his criticism suspect, but his comments are very valuable for gaining an understanding of German operations. His account of the German introduction of poison gas on April 15, 1915, is also useful.

68

Baumann, Eberhard. Mit der Garde im Westen. [With the Corps in the West.] Holle: Richard Mühlmann, 1916. Baumann's personal narrative of the war supplies information about the German's in action against the British in 1914-15.

69

Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur. Deutsche Heerführung im Marnefeldzug, 1914. [German Army Leadership in the Battle of the Marne, 1914.] Berlin: August Scherl, 1921. The author provides a German-oriented consideration of what happened in the Battle of the Marne.

70

Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur. Die Marneschlacht 1914, insbesondere auf der front der deutschen dritten armee. [The Battle of the Marne 1914, Especially on the Front of the German Third Army.] Leipzig: Lippold, 1919. Provides a German general's account of the battle that ended all possibility of initial victory for the Central Powers in the West, though the focus is to the east of the B.E.F.

71

Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv. Die Bayern in Grossen Kriege, 1914-1918. [The Bavarians in the Great War, 1914-1918.] München: Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv, 1923 Although the number of Bavarian units that opposed the B.E.F. in 1914-15 was small, the paucity of German documentary records makes unit studies particularly valuable, even when the information is limited.

72

Baynes, John. Far From a Donkey: The Life of General Sir Ivor Maxse.

Annotated Bibliography

35

London: Brassey's, 1995. Maxse commanded the 1st Guards Brigade during the initial campaign in 1914. His biographer believes that his outspoken criticism of logistics led to his transfer to Britain, where he spent the next year training the new 18th Division. A more charitable interpretation is that the reputation for skill at training, which would be the hallmark of his career had already been noticed by those above him in command. Baynes book provides details of his experience as brigade commander during the early battles. 73

Baynes, John. Morale: A Study of Men and Courage: The Second Scottish Rifles at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. London: Cassell, 1967; rpt. 1987. Baynes' in-depth study of a particular unit helps make clear the problems of fighting on the Western Front.

74

Beattie, Kim. 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1891-1928. Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1932. This regimental history includes accounts of action in the Ypres Salient in 1915.

75

Beaumont, Harry. Old Contemptible. Edited by A. E. Clark-Kennedy. London: Hutchinson, 1967. Beaumont, a member of the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, went to France at the beginning of the war. He was separated from his unit during the retreat from Mons and escaped, with the help of Nurse Edith Cavell's organization, to Holland. His is an interesting story, but one that is mostly peripheral to the military history of the B.E.F.

76

Becke, A. F. The Order of Battle of Divisions. 4 Parts. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934-35. The details in this work are very helpful when trying to identify units engaged in a particular action.

77

Becke, A. F. The Royal Regiment of Artillery at he Cateau. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1919. Becke's detailed analysis furnishes many details of the battle. He supports Smith-Dorrien's account of the situation rather than French's.

78

Beckett, Ian F. W. Ed. The Judgement of History: Sir Horace SmithDorrien, Lord French, and 1914. London: Tom Donovan, 1993. Beckett has made a significant contribution by publishing, with editorial comments, Smith-Dorrien's personal statement to the Army Council repudiating criticisms made in Lord French's book 1914. The statement provides considerable evidence that French misrepresented Smith-Dorrien's handling of his command, especially at Le Cateau.

36

The Battles of the B.E.F.

79

Beckett, Ian F. W. "Haig and French." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On. Ed. by Brian Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1999. Beckett describes the sources, scholarly and popular, that have influenced opinions of the generals. He believes the two were the products of the military system of the time and actually not so dissimilar.

80

Beckett, Ian F. W. Johnnie Gough, V. C.: A Biography of BrigadierGeneral Sir John Edmond Gough, V. C., K. C. B. London: Tom Donovan, 1989. Gough was normally described as Senior General Staff Officer in the I Corps of the B.E.F., commanded by Sir Douglas Haig. He was in practice Chief of Staff. Beckett does a good job of describing Gough's activities, which is a particularly valuable contribution because of the paucity of information about staff work in the B.E.F. His interpretations in terms of leadership controversies tend to be pro-Haig.

81

Begbie, Harold. Kitchener: Organizer of Victory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915. This short biographical sketch is mostly uncritical and presents Kitchener as the right man for 1914. The author does suggest that Kitchener could have been more effective in delegating authority, but otherwise ignores controversies and criticisms.

82

Belfield, Eversley. The Queen's Dragoon Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1978. Although brief, this volume does include Mons, Le Cateau and the Marne.

83

Bell, F. McKelvey. The First Canadians in France; The Chronicle of a Military Hospital in the War Zone. Toronto: McClelland, Good Child & Steward, 1917. Although the coverage in this volume is limited to the period of February through April, 1915, the descriptions of Canadian troops and others trying to cope with the horrors of war are powerful.

84

Belloc, Hilaire. The Elements of the Great War. 2 Vols. New York: Hearst's International Library, 1915-16. Belloc regards the Marne as the decisive battle of the whole war and the B.E.F.'s counter-thrust in the middle of the line on September 9 as the decisive tactical aspect of the battle. As his nationalism is evident, his arguments must be taken with at least a bit of caution.

85

Benary, Albert. Das Ehrenbuch der deutschen Feldartillerie. [The Honor Book of the German Field Artillery.] Berlin: Verlag

Annotated Bibliography

37

Tradition, W. Kolk, 1930. The narrative in this volume includes discussion of combat involving the B.E.F. and gas attacks on British forces. 86

Bennett, Arnold. Over There: War Scenes on the Western Front. New York: A.L.Bart, 1915. Although a personal narrative, Bennett's observations of the B.E.F. are, at best, superficial, and he says little about military operations.

87

Berdinner, Harold F. With the Heavies in Flanders. Kingsway: Botolph Printing Works, 1922. Berdinner was with the 24th Heavy Battery R.G.A. in Flanders from the first days of the war. The B.E.F. was at a disadvantage in heavy artillery, and so this account of it is useful in exploring the problems as the use of artillery became more sophisticated.

88

Berkeley, Reginald and William Seymour. The History of the Rifle Brigade in the War of 1914-1918. 3 Vols. London: The Rifle Brigade, 1927-36. Units of the rifle were at Le Cateau, the Aisne, Neuve Chapelle, 2nd Ypres, Hooge, and Loos. The accounts here are mostly descriptive, but do include some context concerning the campaign situation.

89

Bernhardi, General von. Deutschlands Heldenkampf 1914-1918. [German's Heroic Struggle, 1914-1918.] München: Lehmann, 1922. All though this is a full account of the war, it is riddled with errors and pro-German in bias.

90

Best, Thomas. History of the World War. New York: Street and Smith, 1919. Although he gives the B.E.F. due credit, Best regards Joffire as the real victor of the Battle of the Marne. He focuses more attention on the B.E.F. in 1915, however, especially in regard to the gas attack at 2nd Ypres.

91

Bethell, B.A. Modern Guns and Gunnery. Woolwich: Cattermole, 1910. This pre-war artillery manual provides an understanding of the initial gunnery doctrine of the B.E.F. and a foundation for understanding what was learned in the initial years of the war.

92

Bickers, Richard Townshend. The First Great Air War. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1988. Despite its relative novelty, the airplane was an important element in intelligence gathering from the first days of World War I.

93

Bidou, Henry. Histoire de la Grande Guerre. [History of the Great War.]

38

The Battles of the B.E.F. Paris: Gallimard, 1936. Bidou's survey is well grounded factually, but he tends to give short shrift to the role of the B.E.F.

94

Bidwell, Shelford. Gunners at War: A Tactical Study of the Royal Artillery in the Twentieth Century. London: Arms and Armour, 1970; rpt. 1972. Bidwell confirms the significance of artillery in World War I, noting particularly its role in saving the day for the B.E.F. at Le Cateau, where the British artillery confirmed the necessity of indirect fire.

95

Bidwell, Shelford and Dominick Graham. Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945. London: Allen and Unwin, 1982. Provides a valuable analysis of the use of artillery on the Western Front. The authors argue that traditional ideas and methods resulted in a failure to make proper use of new weapons and thus caused the problems of the B.E.F.

96

Binding, Rudolf. Aus dem Kriege. [From the War.] Frankfurt: Rutten & Loening, 1925; rpt. 1929, 1940; Translation: A Fatalist at War. Trans, by Ian F. D. Morrow. London: Unwin Brothers, 1928. Binding served in the Flanders region for most of the war and comments in his letters about the German situation and gives impressions of the B.E.F., for instance the horrors of Second Ypres.

97

Birch, Noel. "Artillery Development in the Great War." Army Quarterly 1 (1920-21): 79-89. Birch shows the state of British artillery in 1914 and the first steps toward it becoming the powerful and effective arm that was by the last eighteen months.

98

Bircher, Eugen. Die Krisis in der Marneschlacht; Kämpfe der II und III deutschen Armee gegen die 5 und 9 französische Armee am Petit Morin und in den Marais de St. Gond. [The Crisis in the Battle of the Marne; Battles of the 2nd and 3rd German Armies against the 5th and 9th French Armies at the Petit Morin and in the Marais de St. Gond.] Bern: Bircher, 1927. Bircher offers a German perspective on the Battle of the Marne, but his focus is m`ore on the French than British.

99

Blacklock, Michael. The Royal Scots Greys. London: Leo Cooper, 1971. Brief account including action on the Western Front in 1914-15.

100

Blake F. The 17th/21st Lancers. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968. This volume chronicles the activities of a unit particularly

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distinguished at Festubert. 101

Blake, Robert. Ed. The Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914-1919. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1952. As presented, Haig's papers suggest that French was in fact incapable of commanding the B.E.F. and that Haig was quite skillful in handling the political aspects of their rivalry, for instance over the handling of reserves at Loos. Blake, however, used the typed version of Haig's diary which was apparently revised in the author's favor.

102

Blin, Colonel. De la Marne á la mer du Nord (10 septembre-15 novembre 1914). [From the Marne to the North Sea (10 September-15 November 1914).] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1934. The maneuvers Blin traces set up the trench system in which the B.E.F. would fight and die for the next four years.

103

Bloem, Walter. Vormarsch. Leipzig: Grethelein, 1916; Translation: The Advance from Mons 1914. Translated by G. C. Wynne. London: Peter Davies, 1930; rpt. 1967. The author, a novelist before the war, was an officer in the 12th Brandenburg Grenadiers in III Corps of von Kluck's army in 1914. His vivid account was written while recovering from wounds suffered in September, 1914 and provides soldier's observations about Mons and Le Cateau.

104

Blond, Georges. The Marne. Translated by H. Eaton Hart. London: Macdonald, 1965; orig. La Marne (1962). Blond's account of the initial campaign of the war is very readable and clear. He is overly critical of the B.E.F., however, regarding its battles as serious defeats and its return to the Marne too slow.

105

Blunden, Edmund. Undertones of War. London: Cobden-Sanderson, 1928; rpt. 1978. Blunden's account of the experience of World War I is a classic and germane to any study of the trenches.

106

Bolwell, F. A. With a Reservist in France a Personal Account of All the Engagements in Which the 1st Division 1st Corps Took Part, viz. : Mons (Including the Retirement), the Marne, the Aisne, First Battle of Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos. London: George Routledge & Sons, n.d. Although superficial at times, this personal narrative does present a significant amount of data concerning the B.E.F.'s battles.

107

Bond, Brian, Ed. The First World War and British Military History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. The essays in this excellent

40

The Battles of the B.E.F. anthology provide fundamental historiographical information about many aspects of World War I.

108

Bond, Brian. The Unquiet Western Front: Britain's Role in Literature and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Bond's fine overview of how the war has been perceived over time is an appropriate starting point for any study of it.

109

Bond, Brian. The Victorian Army and the Staff College, 1854-1914. London: Eyre Methuen, 1972. Although the work is focused on an earlier period, Bond’s comments about the preparation and quality of British officers during the first months of the war are valuable background for understanding the situation.

110

Bond, R. C. History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in the Great War. Vol.3. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, 1929. The KOYLI was heavily involved in the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15, and this volume of the substantial six volume regimental history supplies extensive descriptions.

111

Bond, R. L. "The 23rd (Field) Company R.E. in the Great War, 19141918." The Royal Engineers Journal 42 (June, 1928): 205-18; (Sept., 1928): 390-406; (Dec, 1928): 563-80; 43 (March, 1929): 14-29. These articles are part of a serial unit history in which the work of the engineers--bridging, trench construction, wiring, etc.--is discussed. Because it is unusual, this is a very valuable perspective.

112

Bonham-Carter, Victor. The Strategy of Victory, 1914-1918: The Life and Times of the Master Strategist of World War I: FieldMarshal Sir William Robertson. [Published in England as Soldier True.] New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1963. BonhamCarter shows the growth of the connection between Robertson and Douglas Haig in the early part of the war. He is more interested in the military/political connections that the two eventually used to control strategy, but he does describe the early battles, generally taking Haig's part.

113

Booth, P. The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry. London: Leo Cooper, 1971. Part of a series of brief regimental histories, this volume offers only an overview of activity in World War I.

114

Boraston, J. H. and E. O. Bax. The Eighth Division in War, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1926. The 8th was the last of the

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41

regular divisions that crossed the Channel in 1914, and it took Neuve Chapelle. The authors provide a clear and detailed description of that fight, but beyond praising the division make no general evaluation of the situation. 115

Bordeau, Henry. Général Maistre. Paris: Crés, 1923. This biography is useful for the study of the B.E.F. because Maistre's corps was next to the British at La Bassée in 1914 and again at Loos in 1915.

116

Boucherie, Colonel. Historique du Corps de Cavalerie Sordet. [History of Sordet's Cavalry Corps.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1923. Sordet's corps helped cover the B.E.F. during the retreat after Mons. Although he was relieved, he tells the tale without bitterness, asserting that his failures were due to attempting too much and wearing out his horses.

117

Boullaire, Général. Historique du 2e. Corps de Cavalerie du 1er. octobre 1914 au 1er. janvier 1919. [History of the 2nd Cavalry Corps from 1st October 1914 to the 1st January 1919.] Paris: CharlesLavauzelle, 1923. The 2nd Corps cooperated with the B.E.F. at the Aisne and La Bassée and then filled the gap between the British II and III Corps at Armentières.

118

Bourget, J.-M. Les Origines de la Victoire: Histoire Raisonnée de la Guerre Mondiah. [The Origins of Victory: Analytical History of the World War.] Paris: La Renaissance du Livre, n.d. Bourget provides a through account of the Battle of the Marne and some observations about Ypres in 1914. His focus is more the French than the British army, but that point-of-view helps set the B.E.F.'s operations in context.

119

Bourne, J. M. Britain and the Great War 1914-1918. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. Bourne does a very good job of reviewing both the military and domestic aspects of World War I. His portrayal of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 is clear and informative.

120

Bourne, John. "Haig and the Historians." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On. Ed. by Brian Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1999. Bourne believes that although Haig clearly had flaws, his reputation has been overly blackened by historians.

121

Bowden, W. G. Abercynon to Flanders and Back. Risca: Strling Press, 1984. Bowden served with the 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, which was attached to the 1st Division and

42

The Battles of the B.E.F. later the 47th (London) Division in France. He describes his experiences in action during the first years of the war.

122

Bowyer, Chaz. For Valour. London: William Kimber, 1978; rpt. 1992. Although Bowyer's focus is really on heroics in the air, he does give a sense of the significance of aviation to the efforts of the B.E.F.

123

Boyd, William. With a Field Ambulance at Ypres: Being Letters Written March 7th to August 15th, 1915. London: George H. Doran, 1916. Much of Boyd's account concerns life behind the B.E.F. lines, though often close enough to be under artillery fire. His comments about dealing with the wounded, at Second Ypres for instance, are eloquent and moving.

124

Brander, Michael. The 10th Royal Hussars (1915-1969). London: Leo Cooper, 1969. Although too brief to be of great value, this book does include an account of action in 1914-15.

125

Braun, Julius Ritter von. Das k.b. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 21. [The k. b. Reserve-Infantry-Regiment No. 21.] München: Bayerisches Kriegsarchiv, 1923. This regiment opposed the British in early battles of the war and was involved in gas attacks on the B.E.F. in 1915.

126

Bredin, A. E. C. A History of the Irish Soldier. Belfast: Century Books, 1987. In Bredin's chapter about World War I the activities of units from Irish regiments with the B.E.F. are outlined.

127

Brereton, F. S. The Great War and the R.A.M.C. London: Constable, 1919. This book was intended to be the first volume of a popular medical history of the war and covers the first few weeks (from the Battle of Mons to the Battle of the Aisne). Although the movement of R.A.M.C. units is followed in detail, the author often fails to tie the situation of medical units to the larger tactical picture.

128

Brereton, F. S. and A. C. S. Savory. The History of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) 1702-1992. Wesley Park, Halifax: Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 1993. Although the authors cover too much to be thorough, they do follow the regiment's units through the battles of 1914-15.

129

Brereton, J. M. A History of the Royal Regiment of Wales (24/41st Foot) 1689-1989. Cardiff: Royal Regiment of Wales, 1989. The

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effort to cover 300 years means that this regiment's distinguished history in the B.E.F. can be given only limited attention. 130

Brett, G. A. A History of the 2nd Battalion The Monmouthshire Regiment. Pontypool: Hughes & Son, The Griffin Press, 1933. Provides some account of mining and then 2nd Ypres.

131

Brice, Beatrice. The Battle Book of Ypres. London: John Murray, 1927; rpt. 1988. Originally a memorial, this compilation of soldiers' detailed stories includes events in the Ypres Salient throughout the war. The compiler's organization by specific location and date makes it a very convenient refernce for details of operations.

132

Brice, Beatrice. The Immortal Salient: An Historical Record and Complete Guide for Pilgrims to Ypres. London: John Murray, 1925. Although prepared for tourists, the inclusion of much historical narrative makes this little volume a valuable introduction to the battlefield.

133

Bridge, F. Maynard. A Short History of the Great World War. 2nd Edition. London: H.F.W. Deane & Sons-The Year Book Press, 1920. Bridge provides a clear description of the military situation, and is quite approving of the B.E.F. Despite the proBritish inclination, the book is a good introduction to the campaigns of the B.E.F.

134

Bridger, Geoffrey. Neuve Chapelle. Barnesly: Leo Cooper, 2000. Although a tourist guide, this volume includes a fairly extensive historical account of the fighting in the Neuve Chapelle area and a detailed geographical description of it.

135

Bridges, Tom. Alarms and Excursions: Reminiscences of a Soldier. London: Longmans, Green, 1938. Bridges saw some action at Mons, where he launched one of the few cavalry charges of the war, and Le Cateau. He was then sent to Antwerp and did liaison work with the Belgians. His account is colorful and gives a picture of attitudes and problems at the beginning of the war.

136

A Brief Outline of the Story of the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the First Months of the Royal Montreal Regiment in the Great War. Montreal: Gazette Printing Co., 1926. Although this version is short, it does include verse and sarcasm from the soldiers.

137

Bristow, Adrian. A Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Aubers Ridge, 1915 and the Subsequent Munitions Scandal. London: Leo

44

The Battles of the B.E.F. Cooper, 1995. Bristow's chronicle of the battle is thorough and readable, but scholars will be frustrated by his tendency to refer to and even quote partially identified sources, which are not included in his bibliography.

138

Brophy, John. Ed. The Soldier's War, A Prose Anthology. London: J. M. Dent, 1929. Although the entries in this collection include fiction, there are also first-hand accounts of the Ypres Salient during the first two years of the war.

139

Brown, Fredric J. Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968. Although Brown's interests are the future and America, he does an excellent summary of the development of gas warfare in World War I.

140

Brown, Ian Malcolm. British Logistics on the Western Front, 1914-1919. Westport: Praeger, 1998. Brown argues that logistics and administration have been ignored in the traditional focus on generalship and slaughter and more recently on operational issues. In reality the B.E.F. could not have become a powerful modern force without superior logistics and administration. He has done an excellent job of sustaining his view.

141

Brown, Malcolm. The Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Front. London: Sidgwick & Jackson in Association with the Imperial War Museum, 1993. Drawing heavily from the Imperial War Museum's extensive collection of unpublished memoirs and letters, Brown has done a superior job of giving the point-of-view of the soldiers on the Western Front.

142

Brown, Malcolm. Tommy Goes to War. London: J. M. Dent, 1978; rpt. 1986, 1999. This heavily illustrated volume is quite valuable for gaining an understanding of what soldiers faced in living and fighting on the Western Front.

143

Brown, Malcolm and Shirley Seaton. Christmas Truce: The Western Front December 1914. London: Leo Cooper/Secker & Warburg, 1984; rpt. 1994. In 1914 Christmas Eve brought an unofficial truce and that evening and at times during the next day men from the two sides met in no man's land and exchanged small items as gifts. This reputedly began with Germans and men of the B.E.F. singing carols to one another. Such activities were firmly repressed thereafter.

144

Brownlow, C. A. L. The Breaking of the Storm. London: Methuen,

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1918. Brownlow, who served in the ammunition column of the 3rd Division, describes his experiences during the retreat from Mons, the advance to the Aisne, and the move to Flanders. 145

Bruce, Anthony. An Illustrated Companion to the First World War. London: Michael Joseph, 1989. Bruce's short encyclopedia-like entries make this a handy reference for checking facts about the war.

146

Bruce, C.D. History of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 1881-1923. London: Medici Society, 1927. Bruce includes particulars of battalions of the regiment at Mons, the Marne, and some other battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

147

Bryant, Arthur. Jackets of Green: A Study of the History, Philosophy, and Character of the Rifle Brigade. London: Collins, 1972. Provides details of the Rifle Brigade as part of the B.E.F. and particularly at Second Ypres.

148

Buchan, John. The History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (1679-1918). London: Thomas Nelson, 1925. Although Scots Fusiliers were active at a number of the battles of 1914-15, Buchan's attempt to trace the regiment over nearly 300 years results in rather limited coverage.

149

Buchan, John. Nelson's History of the War. 24 vols. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, 1915-19; also published in 4 Vols. as History of the Great War (1921-22). Buchan a novelist and Director of Information for the British Government during the war, is eloquent but not necessarily accurate. The four volume version was revised, but remains untrustworthy.

150

Bucholz, Arden. Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Planning. New York: Berg, 1991. This well-researched volume ties planning and operations together very effectively, showing German expectation from the initial campaigns.

151

Buckland, Reginald U. H. "Demolitions Carried Out at Mons During the Retreat, 1914." The Royal Engineers Journal. 46 (March, 1932): 18-39; (June, 1932): 220-251. Buckland explains that the B.E.F., having had no reason to think that it would be retreating, had no plans for demolition. The result was last minute efforts to blow bridges, often in the presence of German forces. His descriptions are technical but clear.

46

The Battles of the B.E.F.

152

Bülow, Karl Paul Wilhelm von. Mein Bericht zur Marneschlacht. [My Report of the Marne Battle.] Berlin: A. Scherl, 1919. The commander of the second army, that with the first, formed the outer wing of German forces in the Schlieffen Plan, gives his version of events in which he has at times been accused of being over cautious.

153

Burnett, C. The Memoirs of the 18th (Queen Mary's Own) Royal Hussars, 1906-1922. Winchester: Warren, 1922. Includes records of units involved in several of the 1914-15 battles, especially Mons, the Marne, and the Aisne in 1914.

154

Burrows, A. R. The 1st Battalion the Faugh-A-Ballaghs in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. Burrows's descriptions are lively and include coverage of Le Cateau, the Aisne, Armentiéres, and 2nd Ypres. He includes an account of Private Robert Morrow who won a V.C. for rescuing wounded men while mortally wounded himself.

155

Burrows, John W. The Essex Regiment. 6 Vols. Southend-on-Sea: John H. Burrows & Sons, 1923-1935. Burrows' account is a solid factual description, but his organization of information around battalions, makes it difficult to follow the events of a complete battle. He does have useful accounts of individual's activities.

156

Burton, F. N. and A. P. Comyns. The War Diary (1914-18) 10th (Service) Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers. Plymouth: William Brendon and Sons, 1926. Includes accounts of the first year of the war.

157

Busemann, Wilhelm. Reserve-Ersatz-Regiment nr. 3; im Auftrage der Kameradschaft ehemaliger Angehöriger des Res.-Ers. Regts. 3. [Reserve Regiment No. 3; In Honor of Members of the Regiment.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1925. This German regiment opposed the B.E.F., and was involved in the use of poison gas against British forces in 1915.

158

Butler, P. R. A Galloper at Ypres and Some Subsequent Adventures. London: Fisher Unwin, 1920. Butler provides a first hand account of service with the 7th Division at 2nd Ypres.

159

Buxton, Andrew R. Andrew R. Buxton, the Rifle Brigade, A Memoir. Edited by Edward S. Woods. London: Robert Scott, 1918. Buxton arrived in France in July, 1915, and describes in some detail the experience of learning to function as a junior officer on the Western Front.

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47

160

Caffrey, Kate. Farewell, Leicester Square: The Old Contemptibles 12 August-19 November 1914. London: André Deutsch, 1980. Caffrey's prose is clear and readable, but beyond admiration for the B.E.F., she offers little interpretation. Scholars will be frustrated by her frequent references to uncited sources, which are often not even included in the short bibliography.

161

Caldwell, M. R. "History of the 12th Company Royal Engineers." The Royal Engineers Journal 38 (Dec., 1924): 667-78. This article, part of a series, covers the unit's experiences on the Western Front from 1914 to 1917. The discussions of trench preparation, mining, and sapping certainly add to an understanding of the B.E.F.'s situation.

162

Callwell, C. E. Experiences of a Dug-Out, 1914-1918. New York: E. P. Dutton, n.d. Callwell, who was Director of Military Operations, provides a look inside the War Office during the first months of the war and comments on the organisational and logistical problems of the B.E.F.

163

Callwell, C. E. Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries. 2 Vols. London: Cassell, 1927. Wilson was Director of Military Operations at the beginning of the war and in 1915 became liaison to the French command. He was involved in much of the planning and decision making for the B.E.F. His diaries provide many observations.

164

Callwell, C. E. The Life of Sir Stanley Maude. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920. Although dated, Callwell's biography does provide factual information about Maude activity as a staff officer with the 3rd Corps of the B.E.F. and later as commander of the 14th brigade, before the was detached for service in the Dardanelles.

165

Callwell, C. E. The Tactics of To-day. 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: William Blackwell, 1909. Callwell's manual of tactics illustrates the ideas that the B.E.F. carried to France in 1914.

166

Cameron, James. 1914. New York: Rinehart, 1959. Cameron's broadbrush portrayal of Britain in 1914 includes the opening of the war and provides an effective introduction to the first months of the war.

167

Cameron, Kenneth. History of No 1 General Hospital Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919. Sackville: Tribune Press,

48

The Battles of the B.E.F. 1938. Cameron's report of Canadian medical service is extensive and detailed. It is generally good background and has a section specifically concerning the Battle of Loos.

168

Camon, Général. L'Effondrement du plan Allemand en septembre 1914. [The Collapse of the German Plan in September 1914.] Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1925. This account of the defeat of the Germans includes the activity of the B.E.F. at the Marne.

169

Canada. Historical Section, Army Headquarters. Narrative on the Formation and Operation of the First Canadian Division to the Second Battle of Ypres. Ottawa: King's Printer, 1920. This account is valuable mostly for its inclusion of army records.

170

Canadian War Records Office. Canada in Khaki. 3 Vols. London: Pictorial Newspapers Co., 1917-19. Although the text in these volumes has little value, the numerous illustrations offer contemporary images of the CEF and its experiences in France.

171

Canadian War Records Office. The Canadian War Pictorial. 4 Vols. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916-19. These volumes contain official photographs with narratives of the C.E.F.

172

Canadian War Records Office. Thirty Canadian VCs: 23 April 1915 to 30th March 1918. London: Skeffington, 1918. This volume includes biographical sketches of Canadian heroes in the battles of 1915.

173

Canonge, Gen. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Chapelot, 1929. Canoge describes the battle, including the role of the B.E.F.

174

Carew, Tim. The Glorious Glosters. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. Brief regimental history with some particulars of the Gloucestershire Regiment's battalions on the Western Front.

175

Carew, Tim. Wipers: The First Battle of Ypres. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974. Carew's portrayal is drawn from accounts by common soldiers and offers a vivid glimpse of the early experiences of the B.E.F.

176

Carew, Tim. The Vanished Army. London: William Kimber, 1964; rpt. 1971. Carew's description of original units in the B.E.F., which were virtually destroyed by the end of 1914, is detailed and enlivened by numerous tales of individuals. Unfortunately, there

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49

is enough of the steely-eyed, square-jawed, chivalric Briton versus the slavering, monstrous Hun in the book that it cannot be accepted without some caution. 177

Carnock, Lord. The History of the 15th King's Hussars, 1914-1922. Gloucester: Crypt House Press, 1932. Carnock provides a narrative of cavalry's role in the early months of the war and some comment about logistical problems.

178

Carrothers, John Samuel. Memoirs of a Young Lieutenant, 1898-1917. Edited by D. S. Carrothers. Ireland: D.S. Carrothers, Print Factory, 1991. Part of this short collection of letters was written from the Western Front.

179

Carstairs, Carroll. A Generation Is Missing. London: Heinemann, 1930; rpt. 1989. This bitter personal account includes a powerful description of the Battle of Loos.

180

Cartier, Raymond et Jean-Pierre. La première Guerre Mondiale. [The First World War.] 2 Vols. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1982-84. Typically for Frenchmen, these authors understate the role of the B.E.F. in the early years of the war.

181

Carver, Michael. Ed. The War Lords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century. London: George Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Provides biographical sketches Haig, Allenby, Joffre, and Foch all of whom played important roles in 1914. Each sketch is written by a major scholar.

182

Cary, A. D. L., Stouppe McCance, and C. H. Dudley Ward. Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. 4 Vols. London: Forster Groom for the Royal United Service Institution, 1921-29. The Welch Fusiliers were represented at virtually all of the battles in 1914-1915. The authors provide details of the action, but rarely venture beyond factual accounts.

183

Cary, G. V. and H. S. Scott. An Outline History of the Great War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928. This study is readable and creditable.

184

Casey, Edward. The Misfit Soldier: Edward Casey's War Story, 19141932. Edited by Joanna Bourke. Cork, Ireland: Cork University Press, 1999. Casey's descriptions of life on the Western Front are gritty and seem unusually straight forward. A member of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, he was only in France for a short period

50

The Battles of the B.E.F. in the first years of the war. The published version of his diary is best for background to the military situation.

185

Cassar, George. Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Second Battle of Ypres. Ottawa: Oberon Press, 1985. Cassar's study is thorough and detailed, but lacks adequate context for fully understanding the Canadian contribution to the overall Battle of Ypres.

186

Cassar, George H. Kitchener: Architect of Victory. London: William Kimber, 1977. Casser's account of Kitchener as Secretary of War is extensive and detailed. He portrays Kitchener as generally correct in his understanding of the war, and credits him with keeping the B.E.F. in the line when Sir John French was ready to pull out, thus making the Marne success possible.

187

Cassar, George H. Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 1914-1916. London: Brassey's, 2004. Cassar highlights Kitchener's role in developing British understanding of the realities of the war and preparing to fight in the emerging new warfare. He builds on his biography of Kitchener.

188

Cassar, George H. The Tragedy of Sir John French. Newark: The University of Delaware Press, 1985. Cassar recounts French’s career, but his volume is largely focused on World War I. He acknowledges many good points in French, such as his qualities of personal leadership, but does not regard him as up to the task of leading the B.E.F. in 1914.

189

Cave, Nigel. Hill 60: Ypres. London: Pen and Sword, 1998. Although a visitor's guide, this volume describes the fortifications of the strategic Hill 60 and the German gas attack there in 1915.

190

Cave, Nigel. Mons. London: Leo Cooper, 1999. This visitor's guide includes quite a bit of historical information along with descriptions of the area of the battle. It is a good introduction.

191

Cave, Nigel. Ypres, Sanctuary Wood and Hooge. London; Leo Cooper, 1993. One of a series of very good guidebooks, this volume provides background concerning the area in which First and Second Ypres were fought and an outline of events.

192

Channing-Renton, E. M. History of the 1st D.C.L.I., 1914. NP: Studies Publications, 1924. Although very short, this book does provide some details of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry at Mons,

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51

Le Cateau, the Marne, the Aisne, and La Bassée. 193

Chapin, Harold. Soldier and Dramatist, Being the Letters of Harold Chapin American Citizen Who Died for England at Loos on September 26th 1915. London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1917. Chapin describes his experiences as an enlisted man and noncommissioned officer in the RAMC.

194

Chapman, Guy, ed. Vain Glory: A Miscellany of the Great War. London: Cassell, 1937; 2nd ed. 1968. Chapman's collection evokes the experience and horror of the war very effectively but lacks context. The account of the gas attack in April, 1915, is particularly vivid.

195

Chapman, John, et al. Responding to the Call: The Kitchener Battalions of the Royal Berkshire Regiment at the Battle of Loos 1915. NP: Dept. of Extended Education (Extramural Studies Section), University of Reading, 1995. This pamphlet supplies personal narratives of soldiers of the 5th and 8th battalions of the Royal Berkshire Regiment who fought at Loos and a description of the battle.

196

Charteris, John. At G.H.Q. London: Cassell, 1931. Charteris provides detailed daily accounts of service on Haig's staff and thus a portrayal of the B.E.F. from the level of corps command. His reverence for Haig is quite strong.

197

Charteris, John. Field Marshal Earl Haig. London: Cassell, 1929. Charteris, Haig's intelligence officer, is very supportive of his chief. He finds no fault with Haig's performance in 1914, and defends him regarding his disputes with French in 1915 that ultimately led to Haig becoming commander-in-chief.

198

Charteris, John. Haig. New York: Macmillan, 1933. Short, descriptive, eulogistic biography.

199

Chasseaud, Peter. Topography of Armageddon. London: Mapbooks, 1991. Chasseaud's trench maps and comments about the significance of the ground are useful background.

200

Chevrillon, André England and the War, 1914-1915. Garden City : Doubleday, 1917. This volume is a collection of articles from the Revue de Paris, and was published in an effort to encourage American support for the Allies.

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201

Chisholm, Cecil. Sir John French: An Authentic Biography. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1915. This is an extremely laudatory biography with an, at best, superficial account of the 1914 campaign.

202

Christie, N. M. Gas Attack!: The Canadians at Ypres, 1915. Nepean, Ont.: CEF Books, 1998. Although only a pamphlet, this work is a clear and well-organized introduction to the battle. It does, however, tend to lack context.

203

Churchill, Winston S. The World Crisis. 5 Vols. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1923-27. Churchill combines unusual eloquence with an insider's knowledge. Although he is tendentious at times, his volumes remain major sources for the study of any World War I topic. There are numerous reprints of The World Crisis.

204

Chute, Arthur H. The Real Front. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1918. Chute's descriptions of the artillery are meticulous, but the rest of his comments are much more speculative.

205

Clapham, H. S. Mud and Khaki: The Memories of an Incomplete Soldier. London: Hutchinson, 1930. This memoir by a member of the Honourable Artillery Company has an eloquent description of the bombardment at the battle of Neuve Chapelle, and other combat around Ypres.

206

Clark, Alan. The Donkeys. London: Hutchinson, 1961. Clark's focus is British command in 1915, especially at Neuve Chapelle, 2nd Ypres, Aubers Ridge, and Loos. His title makes clear his opinion of the generals involved, but his opinion that they were destructively rigid and ignorant has been strongly questioned. Unfortunately Clark tends to exaggeration, and his book has some factual errors.

207

Clarke, David. The Angel of Mons: Phantom Soldiers and Ghostly Guardians. Chichester: Wiley, 2004. The supposed supernatural intervention at Mons is, of course, a myth, but it be came quite a symbol to the B.E.F. and to people on the homefront. As such it is worth some attention when studying the B.E.F.

208

Clayton, C. P. The Hungry One. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1978. Clayton, with the 1st Battalion of the Welch Regiment, describes the gas and then being wounded at 2nd Ypres and then a second wound at Loos.

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209

Clayton, P. B. Plain Tales From Flanders. London: Longmans, 1929. Clayton's account of life in the war is moving and powerful, He served with the Buffs for a year starting in October, 1914 and was then batman with a chaplain for the rest of the war. His book is mostly vignettes, unfortunately not always with indications of time and place.

210

Clowes, Peter. "Fire Over Mons." Military History 18 (August, 2001): 58-65. Clowes' offers an abbreviated but clear outline of the B.E.F.'s first encounter of the war.

211

Coate, Les. Ypres, 1914-1918. Brighton: Tressell, 1982. This short work, little more than a pamphlet, is for students, but it does cover the battles in the Salient in 1914-15.

212

Cole, Christopher. Ed. Royal Flying Corps Communiques, 1915-1916. London: William Kimber, 1969; rpt. 1990. The growing importance of air power, makes this convenient source of primary records of the R.F.C. particularly valuable.

213

Coleman, Frederic. From Mons to Ypres with General French. London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1916. Coleman, an American member of the Royal Automobile Club, volunteered himself and his car for war service. Along with twenty-five others he was sent to France, and spent most of the first year of the war driving officers and others in the war zone. He was often on the fringes of combat. His observations, based on notes, taken at the time are detailed and extensive.

214

Colin, Gen. La Division de Fer. [The Iron Division.] Paris: Payot, 1929. Colin's description of Ferdinand Foch's original command adds to the understanding of the early battles of the war, especially the Marne.

215

Collier, Basil. Brasshat: A Biography of Field-Marshall Sir Henry Wilson. London: Secker & Warburg, 1961. In 1914-15 Wilson was Director of Military Operations and then liaison officer with the French army. Collier provides a clear and detailed account of his work at these high levels of command and of the politicking for which Wilson was quite well-known.

216

Collier's Photographic History of the European War, Including Sketches and Drawings Made on the Battle Fields. New York: Collier, 1916. Provides a variety of pictures of the Western Front.

54

The Battles of the B.E.F.

217

Collinson, C. S. The 11th Royal Warwick, in France 1915-16. Birmingham: Cornish Bros., 1928. The 11th Warwicks arrived on the Western Front in March, 1915, and were broken up due to extensive casualties for replacements the next year. The battalion history offers insights into the devastation suffered by units of the B.E.F. in the first years of the war.

218

Columban, Dame M. The Irish Nuns at Ypres. Edited by R. Barry O'Brien. London: Smith Elder, 1915. Eye-witness account from a small community of Benedictine nuns near Ypres who observed the German invasion, the coming of the B.E.F., and were eventually evacuated to England for their own safety.

219

Committee of Officers Who Served with the Battalion. The War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment (T.F.). London: William Heinemann, 1924. Provides a substantial account of action at Hill 60.

220

Congreve, Billy. Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary, 1914-1916. Edited by Terry Norman. London: William Kimber, 1982. Congreve, a general's son, was a better than average young officer with an eye for salient details. He served with the Rifle Brigade, mostly in the Ypres area.

221

Conneau, Général. Historique des corps de cavalerie commandés par le general Conneau du 14 août 1914 au 2 mars 1917. [History of the Cavalry Command of General Conneau from 14 August 1914 to 2 March 1917.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzell, 1924. Conneau's forces covered the B.E.F. at both the Aisne and the Marne. This short volume has little more than background regarding the British.

222

Cook, Hugh C. B. The North Staffordshire Regiment. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. Part of a series of very short regimental histories, this book has a few pages concerning the Staffords as part of the 6th Division and with the B.E.F. starting September 12, 1914.

223

Cook, Tim. No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1999. A truly superior work, No Place to Run offers new insights into the significance and extent of poison gas in the war and to the history of the Canadian participation.

224

Cooke, O. A. The Canadian Military Experience 1867-1983: A Bibliography. 3rd ed. Ottawa: Directorate of History,

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Department of National Defense, 1997. Cooke's bibliography is extensive and includes a significant number of items concerning World War I. 225

Cooksley, Peter G. VCs of the First World War: The Air VCs. Thrupp Stroud: Sutton, 1996; rpt. 1999. The biographical sketches in this volume relate the experiences of five heroic flyers fighting in support of the B.E.F. in 1915.

226

Cooper, Alfred Duff. Haig. 2 Vols. London: Faber and Faber, 1935-36. Duff Cooper is too uncritically supportive of Haig to make his conclusions of much significance, but he does include significant extracts from the typed version of Haig's diary. Although this version was revised when prepared from the handwritten original, the extracts are useful for gaining an understanding of Haig's ideas.

227

Coppard, George. With a Machine Gun to Cambrai. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1969. Coppard was a private with the 6th Battalion, Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment and tended to be very critical of officers who sent men into hopeless situations. He provides a good description of the Battle of Loos and blames failure entirely on French's failure to put reserve forces near enough to the line of battle for prompt use at the crucial moment.

228

Corbett-Smith, A. The Marne--and After. London: Cassell, 1917. The author was with the Royal Field Artillery but despite being first hand, his account is superficial and histrionic.

229

Corbett-Smith, A. The Retreat From Mons by One Who Shared in It. London: Cassell, 1916. The author, an officer with the Royal Field Artillery, offers detailed but often superficial descriptions of the retreat. His book is of value only for the odd detail.

230

Corda, H. La Guerre Mondiale, 1914-18, [The World War, 1914-18.] Paris: Librairie Chapelot, 1922. Corda is concise but offers nothing novel concerning the B.E.F.

231

Corrigan, Gordon. Sepoys in the Trenches: The Indian Corps on the Western Front, 1914-1915. Staplehurst: Spellmont, 1999. Corrigan discusses the performance of Indian troops thoughtfully and gives credit to their great efforts.

232

Cowley, Robert. "Massacre of the Innocents." MHQ: The Quarterly

56

The Battles of the B.E.F. Journal of Military History. 10 (Spring, 1998): 38-43. Crowley's discussion of the legend that youthful German soldiers stormed British positions during First Ypres concludes that although there is a germ of truth in the story, it is mostly nationalistic propaganda that endured because of its use by the Nazis.

233

Craig, Grace Morris. But This Is Our War. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981. This memoir is built around letters among the Morris family of Pembroke, Canada. There are comments and observations regarding the Western Front, but much of the material is personal.

234

Craster, J. M. Ed. 'Fifteen Rounds a Minute': The Grenadiers at War, August to December 1914. London: Macmillan, 1976. Craster built this book around the diary of George Darell "Ma" Jeffreys but filled it out with excepts from other diaries and sources. He also added judicial editorial comment to provide context and explanation. The result is an excellent depiction of the first months of the war from the soldier's (mostly officer's) perspective.

235

Creagh, O'Moore, and E.M. Humphris. Eds. The VC and DSO. 3 Vols. London: Standard Art Book Co., n.d. Listing of every winner of the VC and DSO from the Crimean War to the end of World War I with biographical sketches and photos.

236

Cremers, Paul Joseph and Karl Bartz. Die Marneschlacht eine deutsche Tragödie. [The Battle of the Marne A German Tragedy.] Stuttgart: Cotta, 1933. The authors submit a German slant concerning the key Battle of the Marne, but do not focus on the role of the B.E.F.

237

Crew, Graeme. The Royal Army Service Corps. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. This brief volume gives background to the logistical effort of the B.E.F. It is a subject about which far too little has been written.

238

Croft, W. D. Three Years with the 9th (Scottish) Division. London: John Murray, 1919. Although his account is largely superficial, Croft does supply some details of living-conditions in the Ypres Salient during 1915.

239

Crookenden, Arthur. The History of the Cheshire Regiment in the Great War. 2nd Ed. Chester: W. H. Evans & Sons, n. d. Many of the

Annotated Bibliography

57

B.E.F.'s battles are covered in this volume, particularly Mons, Le Cateau, the Aisne, La Bassée, 1st and 2nd Ypres, and Loos. Although the focus is narrow and factual, the inclusion of sometimes lengthy accounts by participants makes the volume more valuable. 240

Crosse, R. B. A Short History of the Oxfordshire and Buckingham Light Infantry, 1741-1922. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1925. Although too short to provide really significant information, this volume does introduce the regiment's involvement in World War I, including 1914-15.

241

Cru, Jean Norton. Témoins. [Witnesses.] Paris: Les Etincelles, 1929. This study of eyewitness accounts of World War I included more than 300 examples. It was published in a modified and shortened version as Du Témoignage. Paris: Librairie Gallimard, 1931; and in English as War Books: A Study in Historical Criticism. Translated and edited by Stanley J. Pincetl, Jr. and Ernest Marchand. San Diego: San Diego State University Press, 1976. Cru's analysis of personal accounts from diaries to autobiographical novels is powerful and deserves attention even though the number of French accounts of the B.E.F. is low.

242

Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. A History of the Great War. Oxford: Oxford University, 1934; 2nd Ed. 1936. Cruttwell's is one of the better histories of the war. He is moderate in his assessment of the problems of the B.E.F. and the failure of its leaders to deal with them.

243

Cruttwell, C. R. M. F. The Role of British Strategy in the Great War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. British involvement in the early part of the war was, of course, quite limited. Cruttwell argues, however, that John French's efforts saved the Channel ports making possible the subsequent British participation. Not only did the B.E.F. save France in 1914, but its efforts also gained the time needed to mobilize the potential of the empire and for economic aid from America. Although he acknowledges the importance of concentrating on France to stop the initial German assault, Cruttwell regrets that Britain did not put more emphasis on its traditional naval strategy while encouraging innovations such as the tank so that surprises like that at Cambrai in 1917 could have happened a year or even two sooner. His book is a valuable and thoughtful analysis.

244

Cuneo, John R. Winged Mars, II: The Air Weapon, 1914-1916. Vol.2.

58

The Battles of the B.E.F. Harrisburg: Military Service Publishing, 1947. Cuneo's extensive and elaborate study is a valuable contribution to the literature concerning the air war.

245

Cunliffe, Marcus. The Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1793-1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952. Cunliffe furnishes reports on battalions of the Royal Irish Fusiliers in action from early in the war, and especially at Le Cateau and the Marne. His book is well done.

246

Currie, J. A. "The Red Watch" With the First Canadian Division in Flanders. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1916. Currie served as commander of the 15th Battalion in the CEF, and gives eyewitness testimony about the Ypres Salient in 1915. He offers some defense against charges that he panicked and removed himself from immediate danger during Second Ypres.

247

Curry, Frederick. C. From the St. Lawrence to the Yser With the 1st Canadian Brigade. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1916. Curry's personal narrative of involvement in the CEF includes the struggle in the Ypres Salient, though he was in reserve during the major battles of 1915 and a casualty before year's end.

248

Dahlmann, Reinhold. Die Schlacht vor Paris. [The Battle Before Paris.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1928. Although the B.E.F. was not directly involved in the struggle over Paris, the French success in saving the city set the stage for the Battle of the Marne, where the B.E.F. was significant. Accounts from the German perspective, such as this, help set the context.

249

Dahms, R. Der grosse krieg aus der Froschperspektive. [The Great War From the Frog Point of View.] Berlin: Behr, 1927. Written by a company commander in the 83rd Reserve Infantry Regiment, this volume describes the struggles with the B.E.F. at the Marne and First Ypres.

250

D'Almeida, P. Camena. L 'Armée Allemande Avant et Pendant La Guerre de 1914-1918. [The German Army before and during the War of 1914-1918.] Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1919. Detailed military history including organization and unit activity down to the level of regiments.

251

Dancocks, Daniel G. Gallant Canadians: The Story of the Tenth Canadian Infantry Battalion, 1914-1919. Calgary: Calgary Highlanders Regimental Funds Foundation, 1990. The Tenth

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Battalion was part of the First Division which got to France in time to suffer from the poison gas attack at Second Ypres, April, 1915. Dancocks does a much better job than the typical unit historian of setting the context in which his unit functions. His well-written book is certainly worth consulting. 252

Dancocks, Daniel G. Sir Arthur Currie: A Biography. Toronto: Methuen, 1985. Focused heavily on World War I, this biography describes the learning process that led Currie to becoming an influential tactical thinker later in the war.

253

Dancocks, Daniel G. Welcome to Flanders Fields, the First Canadian Battle of the Great War: Ypres 1915. A Douglas Gibson Book. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1988. Dancocks'portrayal of the Battle of Second Ypres is detailed, and although his admiration of the Canadians involved shines through, generally even-handed and accurate. The title of the book is, however, a bit misleading because he follows the entire Canadian war effort from prewar preparations through most of 1915.

254

Dane, Edmund. The Battles in Flanders, From Ypres to Neuve Chapelle. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1915. Dane's account is journalistic and lacks perspective.

255

Daniell, D. S. Cap of Honour: The Story of the Gloucestershire Regiment (the 28th/61st Foot), 1694-1950. London: Harrap, 1951. The author of this history of the Gloucestershire Regiment covers too long a period to allow significant study of World War I.

256

Dartein, F. de. La 56e Division au Feu. [The 56th Division of Fire.] Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1919. The 56th Division joined Maunoury's Sixth Army on August 29 and was positioned on the B.E.F.'s immediate left for the rest of the retreat. Dartein discusses the problems of coordination, especially in the absence of a translator.

257

Davis, Emlyn. Taffy Went to War. Knutsford: Knutsford Secretarial Bureau, 1976. This account of service with the 17th (Service) Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers in the 113th Brigade of the Welch Division includes accounts of Laventie, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Givenchy.

258

Davis, Richard Harding. With the Allies. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1914; rpt. 1919. Davis, a veteran military correspondent,

60

The Battles of the B.E.F. gives eyewitness testimony of the initial campaign in Belgium.

259

Dearden, Harold. Medicine and Duty: A War Diary. London: Heinemann, 1928. Dearden was an officer with the RAMC, but he rarely names the places or units he describes in his diary. He also has little to say about his work, but he does give extensive observations of trench life.

260

De Groot, Gerald J. "Ambition, Duty and Doctrine: Haig's Rise to High Command." In Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On. Ed. by Brian Bond and Nigel Cave. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1999. DeGroot's focus is Haig's rise before 1914, but his criticisms of Haig offer an interpretation of wartime problems.

261

De Groot, Gerald J. Douglas Haig, 1861-1928. London: Unwin Hyman, 1988. De Groot is very critical of Haig, and attributes his rigidity as a general to his Victorian upbringing.

262

De Lisle, Beauvoir. Reminiscences of Sport and War. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1939. De Lisle was a cavalry officer who served in France at the beginning of the war, particularly at Second Ypres. His account tends to focus on personal issues, however.

263

Deutelmoser, Major. Die 27 Infanterie-Divisionin Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The 27th Infantry Division in the World War, 1914-1918.] Stuttgart: Berger, n. d. Provides a description of the German resistance from September through November.

264

Devenish, George. A Subaltern's Share in the War, Home Letters of the Late George Weston Devenish, Lieut. R.A., Attached R. F. C. London: Constable, 1917. Devenish was on the Western Front in September and October, 1914, and for the latter half of 1915. He describes in thoughtful detail living conditions and combat for an artilleryman.

265

Dixon, Janet and John Dixon. eds. With Rifle and Pick Cardiff: CWM Press, 1991. This collection of letters, from newspapers by members of the 3rd Battalion of the Monmouthshire Regiment, gives a powerful depiction of the terrible casualty rate at 2nd Ypres and the mining at Hill 60.

266

Dixon, John. Magnificent But Not War: The Second Battle of Ypres. London: Pen and Sword, 2003. Follows the battle from day to day and in great detail. A valuable addition to the historiography of the early part of the war.

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267

Dixon, Norman. On the Psychology of Military Incompetence. London: Jonathan Cape, 1976. Dixon examines military problems of the 19th and 20th centuries and tries to find causes in the personal characteristics of generals. He includes several examples from World War I--2nd Ypres especially, and although his analysis is not entirely convincing, he deserves some attention when considering the behavior of commanders.

268

Dolbey, Robert V. A Regimental Surgeon in War and Prison. London: John Murray, 1917. Dolbey was MO with the KOSB from Le Cateau to La Bassée and left wounded to be picked up by the Germans after Mons. He is critical of the Germans asserting that he was separated from wounded Englishmen and brutally handled.

269

Dolden, A. Stuart. Cannon Fodder: An Infantryman's Life on the Western Front. Poole: Blandford, 1980; rpt. 1988. Dolden's descriptions are clear and effective. He is particularly good regarding the battle of Loos.

270

Donovan, Tom. Ed. Hazy Red Hell: Fighting Experiences on the Western Front, 1914-1918. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1999. Donovan has organized some fifty firsthand accounts of fighting to show the evolution of combat on the Western Front.

271

Dornbush, C. H. The Canadian Army 1855-1965: Lineages--Regimental Histories. Cornwallville, N.Y.: Hope Farm Press, 1966. Although this volume contains much detailed bibliographic information, its organization and limited index make it frustrating to use.

272

Dow, Gene. Ed. World War One Reminiscences of a New Brunswick Veteran. Hartland: Cummings typesetting, 1990. An account of a Canadian veteran of experiences on the Western Front.

273

Doyle, Arthur Conan. A History of the Great War. 6 Vols. New York: George H. Doran, 1917-1920. Doyle tells the story with the skill of a novelist and the zeal of a patriot. His work does provide some useful details but on the whole is not particularly valuable for research.

274

Drake-Brockman, D. H. With the Royal Garhwal Rifles in the Great War from August, 1914, to November, 1917. NP:NP,n.d. Although the focus is narrow, this volume does provide details of the unit and of individuals in all of the significant battles of the B.E.F.

62

The Battles of the B.E.F. from La Bassée (October, 1915) through Loos a year later, when the Royal Garhwal Rifles were shipped off to Egypt.

275

Drew, G. A. Canada in the Great War. Toronto: MacLean Publishing, 1928. Drew's brief outline of Canadian involvement in the war is drawn from his previously published periodical articles.

276

Ducan, G. S. Douglas Haig as I Knew Him. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1966. The author, Haig's chaplain for much of the war, offers some insights into the character and decision making of Haig. His memoir is not, however, of great import.

277

Duffour, Général, et al. Histoire de la Guerre Mondiale. 4 Vols. Paris: Payot, 1937 rpt. 1990. The first two of these volume, which include personal narratives and documents, concern the French in 1914 and 1915. Although attention is not particularly on the B.E.F., its role as an ally is inescapable and the activities of the French was vital to the fate of the British.

278

Duguid, A. Fortescue. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War, 1914-1915. Ottawa: Canadian Ministry of National Defense, 1938. This is the only volume written in this series (a companion volume of appendices and maps was published), and although it does include details of the early part of the war, it is really nationalist paean.

279

Dungan, Myles. Irish Voices From the Great War. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1955. Dungan's collection of comments by Irish soldiers who served with the B.E.F. allows the troops to tell their own story of most of the battles of 1914-15.

280

[Dunn, J. C] The War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919: A Chronicle of Service in France and Belgium. London: P.S.King, 1938; rpt. 1974; 1987. Dunn, who was the Medical Officer for the 2nd Royal Welch Fusiliers, describes his own experiences, and incorporates other eyewitness testimony. The prose in this volume is quite eloquent, and it is one of the best sources for information about the experience of the troops.

281

Dupont, Gen. C. J. Le Haul Commandement allemand en 1914. [The German High Command in 1914.] Paris: Chapelot, 1922. Dupont's study is useful for understanding German command decision-making in the first months of the war.

282

Dupuy, Trevor N. Military History of World War I. 12 Vols. New York:

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Franklin Watts, 1967. Dupuy's account is very clear and readable but so simple that his volumes may well have been intended for younger readers. 283

Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste. La Grande Guerre des Français: Le Incompréhensible. [France and the Great War: The Mystery.] Paris: Perrin, 1994. Duroselle, a well-established scholar, describes the battles involving the B.E.F. in 1914-15, but is more focused on French involvement in the war than on the British.

284

E.A.F. Vermelles: Notes on the Western Front by a Chaplain. Edinburgh: Scottish Chronicle, 1918. Although the author's descriptions tend to sentiment at times, they are clear and detailed. He is particularly good regarding the battle of Loos.

285

Eastwood, Thomas Ralph and Harry Gordon Parkyn. List of Officers and Other Ranks of the Rifle Brigade Awarded Decorations or Mentioned in Despatches During the Great War. London: Rifle Brigade Club, 1936. Offers little but some factual bits and pieces concerning individuals.

286

Eberhardt, Walter von. Unsere Luftstreitkräfte, 1914-18: Ein Denkmal Deutschen Heldentums. [Our Air Forces, 1914-1918: A Memorial to German Heroism.] Berlin: C. A. Weller, 1930. One of the most important sources for information about the German air force, and although air power was relatively limited in the first campaigns of the war, it was none the less important.

287

Edmonds, James. A Short History of World War I. London: Oxford University Press, 1951. An excellent survey covering all campaigns, but because of the author's emphasis on land war and the Western Front.

288

Edmonds, John, et al. Military Operations: France and Belgium. 14 Vols. London: Macmillan, 1922-40; His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1941-49. This official history is filled with detailed information, some of which is hard to find elsewhere. Its interpretations have been questioned, however. Some have suggested that Edmonds was overly supportive of Haig and tended to blame the Field Marshall's supporters unfairly for problems. Some volumes have recently been reprinted.

289

Edmunds, J. E. "The Scapegoat of the Battle of the Marne, 1914. Lieutenant Colonel Hentsch and the Order for the German Retreat." Army Quarterly 1 (1920-1921): 346-58. The

64

The Battles of the B.E.F. question of why the German's retreated and the importance of the B.E.F. in that decision has been much debated. Edmunds argues in this article that Hentsch, who has been accused of overreacting and ordering the retreat, really took his lead from General von Bülow, and helped save the German army from a greater disaster than it actually suffered.

290

Egremont, Max. Under Two Flags: The Life of Major General Sir Edward Spears. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997. Egremont's account of Spears' efforts on the Western Front where he was the liaison between the B.E.F. and the French Army in 1914 is useful but briefer than World War I scholars would prefer.

291

Einem, Karl von. Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, 1853-1933. [Remembrance of Our Soldiers, 1853-1933.] Leipzig: Koehler, 1933. Einem includes accounts of the Western Front opposite the B.E.F. in 1914.

292

Ellinwood, DeWitt C. and S. D. Pradhan. Eds. India and World War I. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978. Indian forces were an important factor on the Western Front from late 1914 to the end of 1915. This book provides details and discussion of the Indian contribution.

293

Ellis, C. The 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers in the Great War. Wrexham: Woodall, Minshall, Thomas, 1926. Ellis' depiction of trench life and routine combat in from late 1914 through 1915 is perceptive. He also recounts the actions of the Battalion at Aubers Ridge and Loos, where it found poison gas an effective weapon.

294

Ellis, John. Eye Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I. London: Croom Helm, 1976. Using an excellent balance of photographs and text, Ellis gives a real sense of what a soldier's life on the Western Front was like. His book is a valuable supplement to any study of battle in the war.

295

Emden, Richard van. Ed. Tickled to Death to Go: Memoirs of a Cavalryman in the First World War. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1996. The diarist, Ben Clouting of the 4th Dragoon Guards, was with the B.E.F. from the beginning of the war, and fought at Mons, and in other battles, sometimes dismounted as at Second Ypres. His descriptions are clear and often include interesting details. The editor has added extensive notes to keep the reader

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65

abreast of the development of the war. 296

Enser, A. G. S. A Subject Bibliography of the First World War: Books in English 1914-1987. 2nd ed. Brookfield, VT: Gower, 1990; orig. 1979. Enser's work is a valuable, though increasingly outdated reference. It is also difficult to use for topics not among his headings and because he provides only limited numbers of cross references.

297

Esher, Reginald, Viscount. The Tragedy of Lord Kitchener. London: John Murray, 1921. Esher describes Kitchener's role concerning the B.E.F. and remarks that he was temperamentally unsuited to work with John French. He gives Kitchener credit for success at the Marne, though at the time he wrote, French's account had not been questioned.

298

Essenm, L. van der. The Invasion and the War in Belgium From Liège to the Yser. London: T. F. Unwin, 1917. The author's comments offer some discussion of the B.E.F.'s role in the early stages of the war.

299

Evans, H. K. D. and N. D. Laing. The 4th (Queen's Own) Hussars in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1920. Includes records of units with the B.E.F., especially at Mons, Le Cateau, and the Marne.

300

Evans, M. St. H. Going Across or With the 9th Welch in the Butterfly Division: Being Extracts from the War Letters and Diary of M. St. Helier Evans. Edited by Frank Delamain. Newport: R. H. Johns, 1952. Evans account of service with the 9th Battalion of the Welch Division includes descriptions of the B.E.F. in the latter part of 1915.

301

Evans, Martin Manx. Passchendaele and the Battles of Ypres 1914-18. London: Osprey, 1998. Evans picks up the story of Ypres and the fighting there in 1914. He includes first-hand accounts and many illustrations in a volume that provides a good introduction to the situation in the salient.

302

Ewing, John. The History of the 9th (Scottish) Division, 1914-1918. London: John Murray, 1921. The 9th was the first of the New Army or Kitchener Divisions formed, and it played a major role at Loos. Ewing provides a full chapter concerning the battle with a detailed description and some analysis of what went wrong.

66

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303

Ewing, John. The Royal Scots, 1914-1919. 2 Vols. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd for the Association of Lowland Scots, 1925. Units of the Royal Scots were involved in many of the battles in 1914-15. Ewing's descriptions are detailed and include recognition of individual accomplishment. He makes little general comment, however.

304

Falkenhayn, Erich von. General Headquarters, 1914-1916, and Its Critical Decisions. London: Hutchinson, 1919. Falkenhayn, who replaced Moltke as German commander after the initial offensive failed, offers comments and insight into German strategic thinking and decision making.

305

Falls, Cyril. The Gordon Highlanders in the First World War 1914-1919. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1958. Falls, one of the better historians of World War I, sets the activities of the Gordon Highlanders in context and includes particulars of activities in 1914-15. The book is the fourth volume in a series entitled The Life of a Regiment.

306

Falls, Cyril. The Great War. New York: Putnam, 1959. Falls, a veteran of the war and later part of the official history team, provides an excellent generally unbiased account of the conflict. His book was published in England as The First World War.

307

Falls, Cyril. The History of the First Seven Battalions, the Royal Irish Rifles (Now the Royal Ulster Rifles) in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1925. An important World War I scholar, Falls provides both details and context in following these battalions through the conflict.

308

Falls, Cyril. War Books: A Critical Guide. London: Peter Davies, 1930; rpt. 1989. Although dated, this discussion of historiography is both articulate and acute. Falls still deserves to be consulted.

309

Farndale, Martin. The History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Western Front 1914-18. Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1986. No arm was more important than artillery, and the British shortages of guns and shells in the early months of the war proved serious problems. Although not particularly critical, Farndale provides details of artillery units in action and the difficulties providing support to the infantry.

310

Farrar, Martin. News From the Front: War Correspondents, 1914-1918. Thrupp Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing, 1998. Farrar's

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interesting portrayal of reporting helps make clear the attitudes in Britain that influenced decision making concerning the war. Early in the war, he argues, correspondents showed more independence than was to be the case later. 311

Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres. London: Barker, 1967; rpt. 1998. Farrar-Hockley, a prolific historian of World War I provides a clear and detailed account of the battle. He makes clear that the successful defense of Ypres was a key to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and ended all hope of a quick German victory.

312

Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. Goughie: The Life of General Sir Hubert Gough. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1975. FarrarHockley, an excellent scholar, follows Gough's work as a cavalry officer at the beginning of the war, and his evolution into one of the B.E.F.'s leaders.

313

Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H. "1915: The Realities of Trench Warfare Revealed." In History of the British Army. Edited by Peter Young and J. P. Lawford, London: Arthur Barker, 1970. Farrar-Hockley discusses the battles of Aubers Ridge, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and 2nd Ypres pointing out the small gains and high casualties. He also notes the problems using poison gas at Loos and the failure of Sir John French to release reserve units early enough for them to be used effectively. FarrahHockley suggests that the horrors of the offensives of 1916 and 1917 were presaged in miniature by the B.E.F.'s attacks in 1915.

314

Feilding, Rowland. War Letters to a Wife: France and Flanders, 19151919. London: Medici Society, 1929. Feilding served with the Cold Stream Guards and arrived in France April 29, 1915. He describes, first-hand, life in the trenches and combat, including the Battle of Loos.

315

Fendrich, Anton. Gegen Frankreich und Albion. [Against France and England.] 4 Vols. Stuttgart: Franckh, 1916-17. Includes accounts of the drive on Paris, Battle of the Marne, and the battles of 1915.

316

Ferguson, Niall. The Pity of War: Explaining World War I. London: Allen Lane, 1998. Ferguson attempts to revise virtually all of the current assumptions about World War I, not always successfully. Regarding military operations, he makes a vigorous case for German superiority.

68

The Battles of the B.E.F.

317

Ferrar, M. L. Officers of the Green Howards, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment), (formerly the 19th Foot) 1688 to 1920. London: Eden Fisher, 1920. This volume is useful for details of the Green Howards, but less so for the larger context of the war.

318

Ferris, John. "The British Army and Signals Intelligence in the Field During the First World War." Intelligence and National Security 3 (Oct., 1988): 23-48. Ferris examines problems that dogged the B.E.F. in 1914-15, and for that matter, during the rest of the war.

319

Ferro,Marc. The Great War, 1914-1918. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. A thorough survey, Ferro's composition has enough emphasis on military operations to make it particularly interesting to military historians.

320

Fetherstonhaugh, R. C, Ed. The Royal Montreal Regiment 14th Battalion, 1914-1925. Montreal: The Royal Montreal Regiment, 1927. Fetherstonhaugh provides a readable and detailed though nationalistic account of Canadians in action, especially at 2nd Ypres, where they were first to face gas, and Festubert. He rarely ventures beyond a narrow factual account.

321

Fetherstonhaugh, R. C. Ed. The 13th Battalion, Royal Highlanders of Canada, 1914-1919. Toronto: The 13th Battalion, Royal Highlanders of Canada, 1925. The Thirteenth Battalion, as part of the Third Brigade, was in France from early 1915 and involved in the struggle in the Ypres Salient, including Second Ypres.

322

Fetherstonhaugh, R. C. Ed. The 24th Battalion, C. E. F., Victoria Rifles of Canada. Montreal: Gazette Printing Co., 1930. Fetherstonhaugh devotes a chapter to describing the 24th Battalion's initiation to the trenches in the fall and winter of 1915. Although detailed, his remarks include little comment or analysis.

323

Fisher, John J. History of the Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regiment (The Iron Duke's Own) During the First Three years of the Great War From August 1914 to December 1917. Halifax: NP, 1917. Fisher's text is a relatively brief account of a regiment whose battalions were involved in the 1914-15 action.

324

Fletcher, C. R. L. The Great War, 1914-1918. London: John Murray, 1920. Fletcher's book is a well-written survey, and useful for

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basic details. It was written too soon after the events for the author to have access to many records, however. 325

Foerster, Wolfgang. Aus der Gedankenwerkstatt des Deutschen Generalstabes. [From the Thought and Work of the German General Staff.] Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1931. Foerster's defense of the German staff and its war planning offers insight into German actions at the beginning of the war.

326

Foerster, Wolfgang. Graf Schlieffen und der Weltkrieg. [Count Schlieffen and the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1921. Foerster considers the potential for Schlieffen's plan and what it might have and did mean for the German war effort.

327

Forbes, A. A History of the Ordnance Services. 3 Vols. London: Medici Society, 1929. Provides extensive details about the weaponry of the B.E.F.

328

Former Officers of the Regiment. The 23rd London Regiment, 1798-1919. London: Times Publishing, 1936. This volume provides short factual accounts of members of the regiment involved in the first stages of the war-particularly the battles of Festubert and Loos. It is useful mostly for details of individual action by members of the regiment.

329

Fortescue, J. W. Following the Drum. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1931. Fortescue, a well-established military historian, includes both Kitchener and Smith-Dorrien among the topics discussed in this volume.

330

Fortescue, J. W. and R. H. Beadon. The Royal Army Service Corps: A History of Transport and Supply in the British Army. 2 Vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, n.d. Coverage of supply problems in this volume is excellent.

331

Foster, H. C. At Antwerp and the Dardanelles. London: Mills and Boon, 1918. Foster offers a personal portrayal of the vain British struggle to help the Belgian Army hold Antwerp.

332

Foulkes, C. H. "Gas"! The Story of the Special Brigade. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1936. Foulkes headed the Royal Army unit to which the new weapon of poison gas was assigned. He argues strongly that gas was a valid and valuable weapon and defends his advocacy of release from cylinders despite problems at Loos.

70

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333

Fox, Frank. The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in the World War. London: Constable, 1928. Fox is better than most unit historians about setting events in context. He provides details of the Marne, the Aisne, Festubert, and especially Le Cateau, which he regards as a major British victory.

334

France. Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-Major de l'Armée. Service Historique. Les Armées françaises dan la Grande Guerre. [The Armies of France in the Great War.] 11 tomes. Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1922-37. The French official history, although packed with detailed information, is tedious to read and quite outdated. It is furthermore often inaccurate in its descriptions of the B.E.F.

335

François, Hermann von. Marneschlacht und Tannenberg: Betrachtungen zur deutschen Kriegsführung der ersten sechs Kriegswochen. Berlin: August Scherl, 1920; Translation: The Marne Battle and Tannenberg. Berlin: August Scherl, 1920. François' account of the German conduct of the Battles of the Marne and Tannenberg helps set the first weeks of the war into context for students of the B.E.F.

336

Fraser, David. Alanbrooke. New York: Atheneum, 1982. Alanbrooke was with the Royal Artillery in France from the end of First Ypres. Fraser includes a number of the future Field Marshall's comments about shortages of shells, poor communications and coordination with the infantry, and abortive attacks through the Battle of Festubert, after which Alanbrooke was in reserve until 1916.

337

Frauenholz, E. von. Ueberblick über die Geschichte des Weltkrieg. [Survey of the History of the World War.] Munich: Oldenbourg, 1926. This short survey suggests the Marne was the crucial battle of the war and notes the role of the B.E.F.

338

French, Anthony. Gone for a Soldier. Kineton: The Roundwood Press, 1972. French describes enlistment, training, and service on the Western Front. He says little about combat before the Somme and fails to give much indication of when and where his experiences occurred.

339

French, David. British Strategy and War Aims, 1914-1916. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986. French considers London's policy and concerning both friend and foe and suggests that it was neither consistent nor entirely pro-Ally in the first part of the war.

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340

French, David. "The Meaning of Attrition 1914-1916." English Historical Review. 103 (1988): 385-405. French shows the development of the strategy of attrition and shows that the negative connotation that it came to have was not there at the beginning of the war.

341

French, Field Marshal Lord Ypres. 1914. London: Constable, 1919. John French's account of his role with the B.E.F. is so defensive, and at times simply false, that its value is very limited.

342

French, John Denton Pinkstone, Earl of Ypres. The Despatches of Lord French: Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, Flanders, Neuve Chapelle, the Second Battle of Ypres, Loos, Hohenzollerin Redoubt, and a Complete List of the Officers and Men Mentioned. London: Chapman & Hall, 1917. Although not an entirely adequate replacement for archival resources, access to this collection of despatches from the period of French's command on the Western Front is valuable.

343

French, Gerald. French Replies to Haig. London: Hutchinson, 1936. The author, Sir John French's second son, is responding to sections of Sir Douglas Haig's diary that criticize French's command of the B.E.F. in 1914-15. The book includes chapters about all of the major battles, and concerning the major accusations made against Sir John: a) that French was in despair and fleeing from Mons intending to break off the battle asserts that he really did intend to make a stand and keep his place in the battle line with Allied forces; and b) that he held back reserves too long at Loos. The son asserts that these forces were exactly where Haig had wanted them to be. The son also insists that his father was making every effort to get the supply of shells increased even as Haig was using the situation to attack him. Although a case can be made that Haig deliberately and unfairly sought to undermine and replace French, this book is so uncritical and biased that it must be used with much discretion if at all.

344

French, Gerald. The Kitchener-French Debate: A Last Word. Glasgow: William MacLellan, 1960. The general's son has made an attempt to defend his father in regard to Kitchener's criticisms.

345

French, Gerald. The Life of Field Marshal Sir John French, Earl French of Ypres. London: Cassell, 1931; rpt. 1966. This biography by one of the general's sons has the virtue of the author's personal knowledge but the fault of filial sentiment.

72

The Battles of the B.E.F.

346

French, Gerald. Ed. Some War Diaries, Addresses and Correspondence of Sir John French. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1937. Although factual information can be obtained from this volume, the editor does not seem to have intended the contents to lead to criticism of the general.

347

Freytag-Lounghoven, Baron von. Deductions from the World War. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1918. The author is a pro-German Swiss military critic and argues that Germans were not strong enough in 1914 but accomplished much before the Marne. A little more push might have carried the day.

348

Frothingham, Thomas G. A Guide to the Military History of the World War, 1914-1918. Boston: Little, Brown, 1920. Although dated, Frothingham's history provides some guidance for the use of works written during and shortly after the war.

349

Fryer, E. R. M. Reminiscences of a Grenadier. Privately Printed by Author, 1921; rpt. 1965. Fryer, a company officer, relates his experiences clearly and effectively.

350

Fuller, J. F. C. Generalship, Its Diseases and Their Cure. London: Faber & Faber, 1933. Fuller is very critical of British generals in World War I asserting that they were uninspired, slow to learn, and even cowardly.

351

Fyfe, Albert J. Understanding the First World War: Illusions and Realities. New York: Peter Lang, 1988. Fyfe provides an insightful examination of successes and failures on both sides and in both the political and military arenas.

352

Gaffen, Fred. Forgotten Soldiers. Peniticton: Theytus Books, 1985. The forgotten of this book are the native Canadians (Indians) who served in the two world wars. In World War I these men distinguished themselves as, among other things, snipers.

353

Gale, Richard. The Worcestershire Regiment. Leo Cooper, 1970. Although too brief to be anything more than superficial, the book does follow the Worchestershires in 1914-15.

354

Galet, E. J. Albert, King of the Belgians in the Great War: His Military Experiences Set Down With His Approval. Trans. by Ernest D. Swinton. London: Putnam, 1931. The gallant stand of the Belgians as well as the defense of Antwerp affected the B.E.F. in the first weeks of the war. The focus of the book is Belgian

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politics, but the B.E.F. is a major factor in the military situation described. 355

Galliéni, Joseph Simon. Le Carnets de Galliéni. [Notebooks of Galliéni.] Edited by Gaétan Galliéni. Paris: Albin Michel, 1932. Galliéni's notes include comments about the initial campaign of the war, but he has little to say here specifically about the B.E.F.

356

Galliéni, Joseph Simon. Mémoires du Général Galliéni. Défense de Paris. [Memories of General Galliéni. The Defense of Paris.] Paris: Payot, 1920. Galliéni, who commanded Paris in the first weeks of the war, was the first to realize that the invading German forces had turned and presented a flank to the Allies. His account of the counter thrust that led to the Marne is accurate and more judicious than most in dealing with the problems between the British and French over plans.

357

Gambier F. and M. Suire. Historire de la Première Guerre Mondiale. [History of the First World War.] 2 Vols. Paris: Fayard, 1968. Although far from inclined to overstate the importance of the British, these authors do describe the involvement of the B.E.F. in 1914-15 and provide a framework of seeing these battles in an Anglo-French framework.

358

Gamelin, General M. Manoeuvre et Victoire de la Marne. [Maneuver and Victory at the Marne.] Paris: Grasset, 1954. Gamelin's version of the battle is oriented to the French involvement, but the B.E.F. was an integral part of that conflict.

359

Gardner, Brian. Allenby of Arabia. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965. Gardner narrates the story of Allenby's efforts as B.E.F. cavalry commander, and generally thinks that he did well. He is critical of Archibald Murray, John French's chief of staff, who he says was incompetent and Hubert Gough for leaving Allenby in the lurch and attaching himself to Haig.

360

Gardner, Nikolas. "Command and Control on the 'Great Retreat' of 1914: The Disintegration of the British Cavalry Division." The Journal of Military History 63 (Jan., 1999): 29-54. Gardner argues that the traditions of the British cavalry emphasized independent action and resulted in poor staff work, which, in turn led to poor performance in 1914.

361

Gardner, Nikolas. "Command in Crisis: The British Expeditionary Force and the Forest of Mormal, August 1914." War & Society 16

74

The Battles of the B.E.F. (Oct., 1998): 13-32. Gardner discusses the problems caused by dividing the B.E.F. on the retreat from Mons. His ideas are greatly expanded in his book Trial by Fire.

362

Gardner, Nikolas. Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary Force in 1914. Westport: Praeger, 2003. Gardner does an excellent critical summary of the command problems faced by the B.E.F.'s leaders and their responses to those problems. His analysis is clear and effective.

363

Gavaghan, Michael. An Illustrated Pocket Guide to the Battles of Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, Festubert, 1915. Preston: M & L Publications, 1997. This guide for visitors includes historical information as well as descriptions of the area.

364

Gazin, F. La Cavalerie Française dans la Guerre Mondiale. [The French Cavalry in the World War.] Paris: Payot, 1930. French cavalry forces provided important cover for the B.E.F., especially during the retreat from Mons.

365

Gebsattel, Gen. von. Generalfeldmarschall Karl von Bülow. [Field Marshal Karl von Bülow.] München: Lehmanns, n.d. Biographical account of the commander of the German Second Army in 1914, whose decisions played a part in the fate of the B.E.F.

366

Generalstabler, Einem. Kritik des Weltkrieges: Das Erbe Moltkes und Schlieffens im Grossen Kriege. [Critique of the World War: The Heritage of Moltke and Schlieffen in the Great War.] Leipzig: Koehler, 1920. The author is very critical of German planning and leadership, but he is not unaware of the role of the B.E.F. in frustrating the German scheme.

367

Geoghegan, Stannus. The Campaigns and History of the Royal Irish Regiment. Vol. 2: From 1900 to 1922. London: William Blackwood & Sons, 1927. Although somewhat episodic due to following the activities of nine battalions, this volume does have details of battles of the B.E.F., such as the Marne where the second battalion was reduced to 400 men.

368

Germains, Victor Wallace. The Truth About Kitchener. London: John Lane/The Bodley Head, 1925. The "truth," according to Germains, is that Kitchener made the right decisions at pretty much every occasion. His lack of a proper staff was due to the system. The common assertion that William Robertson agreed

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to be Chief of the Imperial Staff was not, as is often asserted, with the proviso that he be independent is false. And Kitchener's refusal to shift additional forces to the Dardanelles prevented German victory after Second Ypres. Finally, most military problems on the Western Front were beyond Kitchener's control. The lack of critical analysis and documented evidence dramatically reduces the value of Germains' book. 369

German General Staff. Ypres, 1914. Translated by G. C. W. London: Constable, 1919; rpt. 1994. Originally Die Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypren im Herbst 1914, unter Benutzung amlichter Quellen bearb. Oldenburg: Stalling, 1918. This detailed account of the campaign around Ypres, gives credit to the B.E.F. for stopping the German advance. The British failure to flank the Germans and free Belgium is noted, on the other hand, as a notable failure.

370

Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 3: Antwerpen 1914. [Battles of the World War. Volume 3: Antwerp 1914.] 2nd ed. Berlin: Stalling, 1925. Part of a German official history series focusing on the experience of individual battles, this volume discusses Antwerp, which the British attempted to hold to provide access to Belgium.

371

Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkriegs, 1914-1918. Band 7A & 7B: Die Schlacht Bei St. Quentin 1914. [Battles of the World War. Volume 7A: The Battle Near St. Quentin 1914.]2nd ed. Berlin: Stalling, 1926. Although the B.E.F. was not directly involved the fighting along the front in central and northern France, all helped create the situation in which the English found themselves. These volumes of the German official history series help set that struggle in context for students of the B.E.F.

372

Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 10: Ypren 1914. [Battles of the World War. Volume 10: Ypres, 1914.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1928. This volume in the German official series presents the First Battle of Ypres, giving the German perspective.

373

Germany. Reichsarchiv. Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 22-26: Das Marnedrama. [Battles of the World War, 19141918. Volumes 22-26: The Drama of the Marne.] Berlin: Stalling, 1928. These volume in the German official history series recount the stages of the battle of the Marne from the German perspective.

76

The Battles of the B.E.F.

374

Germany. Reichsarchiv. Der Weltkrieg 1914-1918: Die militärischen Operationen zu Lande. [The World War 1914-1918: Military Operations on Land.] 14 Vols. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1925-1944. The German official history, these volumes have valuable details of the operation of the Schlieffen Plan and the subsequent development of stalemate. They are the essential account from the German point-of-view.

375

Gibb, H. Records of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards in the Great War, 1914-1918. Privately Printed, 1925. Provides records of cavalry activity in the early battles of the war, particularly in 1914.

376

Gibbs, Philip. The Realities of War. London: Heinemann, 1920. Gibbs emphasizes the horrors of the war, such as casualties and horrors of trench life, to drive home his sense of the impact of war.

377

Gibson, Mary. Warneford V.C. Yearilton: Fleet Air Arm Museum, 1979. Gibson's biography of R. A. Warneford, who served with No. 2 Squadron, offers some information regarding the war in the air but little about the battles on land.

378

Gibson, W. L. Records of the Fourth Canadian Infantry Battalion in the Great War, 1914-1918. Toronto: MacLean, 1924. The Fourth Battalion was part of the First Brigade and active in France early in 1915. The descriptions cover the Ypres Salient and most notably 2nd Ypres.

379

Gilbert, Adrian and John Terraine. World War I in Photographs. New York: Military Press, 1986. This volume provides pictorial evidence concerning the battlefields and experiences of the war.

380

Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of World War I. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Gilbert's maps are easy to read and provide an excellent geographic overview of the war.

381

Gilbert, Martin. The First World War: A Complete History. New York: Henry Holt, 1994. Gilbert's survey is thorough and has a particular emphasis on presentation of eyewitness comments.

382

Giles, John. The Ypres Salient: Flanders Then and Now. London: Leo Cooper, 1970; rpt. 1979; rpt. 1987. Giles' descriptions of the battlefields in the Salient are very informative.

383

Gillespie, A. D. Letters From Flanders. London: Smith, Elder, 1916.

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Gillespie, a second lieutenant with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, describes life on the Western Front from March to September, 1915. 384

Gillon, Stair. The K.O.S.B. in the Great War. London: Thomas Nelson, n.d. Gillon provides details of the King's Own Scottish Borderers at the Marne, the Aisne, Le Cateau, Hill 60, St. Julien, and Loos. His focus is narrowly on the unit, however.

385

Giraud, Victor. Histoire de la Grande Guerre. Paris: Libraire Hachette, 1920. Giraud is more interested in the French army than the B.E.F., but he does provide some detailed descriptions of the battles fought by the British and a discussion of their importance as allies.

386

Gleichen, Edward (Lord). Doings of the 15th Infantry Brigade, August 1914 to March 1915. Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1917. Provides details of Mons, Le Cateau, and other operations of the B.E.F.

387

Gleichen-Russwurm, Heinrich von. Die Schlacht bei Mons: unter Benutzung amtlicher Quellen. [The Battle of Mons: Based on Official Sources.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1919. Provides some information about Mons from the German perspective.

388

Gliddon, Gerald. V.C.s of the First World War: 1914. Stroud: Sutton, 1994; rpt. 1997. Gliddon's biographical sketches of the forty-six men who won V. C.s in the first months of the war are substantive. His volume is also well illustrated.

389

Glogowski, Ernst. Das kgl. sächs. 6 Infanterie-regiment Nr. 105 "König Wilhelm II von Wüttemberg." [The 6th Saxon Infantry Regiment, No. 105, King William II of Wüttemberg's.] Dresden: Buchdruckerei der W. und B. v. Baensch Stiftung, 1929. This regimental history covers fighting against the B.E.F., including the use of poison gas in 1915.

390

Glover, Michael. That Astonishing Infantry: Three Hundred Years of the History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers (23rd Regiment of Foot). London: Leo Cooper, 1989. Battalions of the Royal Welch Fusiliers at most of the battles in 1914-15, but in trying to cover 300 years of the regiment's history the author is forced to limit greatly his accounts.

391

Glover, Michael. Ed. The Fateful Battle Line: The Great War Journals

78

The Battles of the B.E.F. and Sketches of Captain Henry Ogle, MC London: Leo Cooper, 1993. Although he does not focus on any of the major battles, Ogle depicts, in words and sketches, the life of a B.E.F. soldier on the Western Front for most of 1915.

392

Glover, Michael. A New Guide to the Battlefields of Northern France and the Low Countries. London: Michael Joseph, 1987. Travel guides such as this one have significant amounts of information about the areas over which battles were fought and are often good introductions to the military situation.

393

Goodinge, Anthony. The Scots Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1969. Goodinge's account of the early campaigns is quite brief, and his book is mostly useful to identify actions in which the Guards participated and officers who led them. He does assert that the B.E.F. was fully prepared, trained, and equipped in August, 1914.

394

Goodspeed, D. J. The Armed Forces of Canada, 1867-1967. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1967. Goodspeed includes in his survey the service of Canadians with the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

395

Goodspeed, D. J. The Road Past Vimy: The Canadian Corps, 19141918. Toronto: Macmillan, 1969. Concerning the first year and a half of the war, the important role of the Canadians in 1915, especially at Second Ypres, is effectively presented in this volume. The author's bitterness toward the British high command due to the casualties suffered by the Canadians is not disguised.

396

Gordon, George Stuart. Mons and the Retreat. London: Constable (Whitefriars Press), 1918. This volume is a short presentation of the campaign in a popular format.

397

Görlitz, Walter. Ed. The Kaiser and His Court: The Diaries, Note Books, and Letters of Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller Chief of the Naval Cabinet. Translated by Mervyn Savill. London: Macdonald, 1961; rpt. 1964. This diary has comments about Moltke and communication problems in 1914.

398

Goschen, A. A. "Artillery Tactics." Journal of the Royal Artillery. 52 (1924): 254-60. Although Goschen gives little attention to specific battles, his analysis of the use of artillery is very valuable in understanding what was in many ways an artilleryman's war.

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399

Gough, Hubert. The Fifth Army. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1931. Gough was initially in command of a cavalry battalion but soon took command of the new 2nd Cavalry Division. He often comments on the strategic and political aspects of the war and provides an excellent description of the use of cavalry during the early months of the war.

400

Gough, Hubert. Soldiering On: Being the Memoirs of General Sir Hubert Gough. London: Arthur Barker, 1954. Gough was part of the B.E.F. from the beginning of the war, and describes the first years from the perspective of a battalion commander. His comments on the (negative in Gough's eyes) influence of Sir Henry Wilson are significant.

401

Gould, R. W. Epic Actions of the First World War. Brighton: Tom Donovan, 1997. Gould's focus is heroic stands, often to the last man, of small units or occasionally individuals, and he has examples from most of the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914 and 1915. The episodic nature of the text and lack of references, however, reduce the value of his book significantly.

402

Graham, Henry. History of the Sixteenth, the Queen's, Light Dragoons (Lancers), 1912 to 1925. Privately Printed, 1926. The Sixteenth was part of the B.E.F.'s cavalry contingent, but Graham devotes most of his account to the general situation and gives few details of the unit about which he is writing.

403

Grant, Reginald. S. O. S. Stand To. New York: Appleton, 1918. Personal narrative of experience with the First Brigade, Canadian Field Artillery, which was attached to the First Canadian Division that was in action on the Western Front from April, 1915. An account of Second Ypres is included.

404

Grant, W. and Bernard Newman. Tunnellers. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1936 This book opens with the story of the creation of tunneling companies in 1914 and the rather disjointed efforts they made as the learned their business. The authors think that more efforts at tunneling would have paid off for the B.E.F.

405

Graves, Robert. Goodbye to All That. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; numerous reprints. Although a classic, Graves' autobiographical account is over-dramatized and represents, in some respects, an powerful anti-war statement. His account of Loos, for instance, portrays the B.E.F. as thoroughly incompetent and hopeless.

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406

Gray, Randal and Christopher Argyle. Chronicle of the First World War, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. New York: Facts on File, 1990. The authors have supplemented a day-by-day account with commentary and numerous maps.

407

Grazebrook, R. M. The Gloucestershire Regiment: War Narratives, 1914-1915. Bristol: The Gloucestershire Regimental Association, 1929. Battalions of the Glosters were with the B.E.F. for most of 1914-15, and their history is that of the first years of the war.

408

Greacen, Lavinia. Chink: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1989; rpt. 1991. The subject of this book, Eric Dorman-Smith was with the 1st Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers and fought at Mons. He was wounded and sent home before the end of August, 1914.

409

Great Britain. General Staff Studies. The Battle of the Aisne. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934. Official histories such as this offer much detail but cannot be depended upon for serious criticism of their own side.

410

Great Britain. General Staff Studies. The Battle of the Marne. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1935. This is a detailed account written from official sources.

411

Great Britain. War Office. The Battle of Le Cateau: 26 August, 1914. Tour of the Battlefield. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1934. Although based on the Official History, this short official description does include more details in a clear and thorough description.

412

Great Britain. War Office. General Staff. Geographical Section Report on Survey on the Western Front, 1914-1918. London: War Office, 1920. Provides information about the British efforts to map the Western Front, especially for artillery usage.

413

Great Britain. War Office. Statistics of the British Empire During the Great War, 1914-1920. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1922. Extensive compilation of numerical data concerning all parts of the British military.

414

Green, Horace. The Log of a Noncombatant. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915. Green, an American correspondent, describes the first year of the war.

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415

Green, Howard. The British Army in the First World War: The Regulars, the Territorials, and Kitchener's Army With Some Campaigns Into Which They Fitted. NP: NP, 1968. Green mixes a veteran's reminiscences into an historical narrative that is at times superficial. Nonetheless his account of the early years of the war offers some thoughtful comment.

416

Greenhut, Jeffrey. Imperial Reserve: The Indian Infantry on the Western Front, 1914-1918. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Kansas, 1978. Greenhut discusses the important role of Indian troops on the Western Front, where they served from late 1914 to the end of 1915. See also the author's article "The Imperial Reserve: The Indian Corps on the Western Front." The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 12 (Oct., 1983): 54-73.

417

Greenhut, Jeffrey. "Race, Sex and War: The Impact of Race and Sec on Morale and Health Services for the Indian Corps on the Western Front." Military Affairs. 45 (April, 1981): 71-74. Indian troops fought bravely on the Western Front until the end of 1915. Greenhut gives overdue attention to their situation.

418

Greenwell, Graham. An Infant in Arms: War Letters of a Company Officer 1914-1918. London: Lovat Dickinson & Thompson, 1935; rpt. 1972. Greenwell, who came of age on the Western Front, describes his experiences, sometimes in surprisingly graphic terms, in letters to his mother. He was an officer in the 4th Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry.

419

Grey, W. E. The 2nd City of London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) in the Great War (1914-19). London: Headquarters of the Regiment, 1929. Although this unit's involvement in the early months of the war was limited, Grey does include a description of action at Hooge and life in the Ypres Salient during 1915.

420

Groom, Winston. A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-1918. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2002. The author, best known as a novelist, wished to introduce American readers to the First World War, and his accounts, if hardly exceptional, are vivid and might create interest in the subject. Unfortunately, frequent, if usually minor, factual errors undermine his credibility to a degree.

421

Gros, Gaston. 1915 Année Sanglante. [1915: The Bloody Year.] Paris: Editions Baudinière, 1932. Gros writes more about French politics than military history, but his focus is Poincaré and Joffre.

82

The Battles of the B.E.F. Thus he discusses military policy and strategy including arrangements with the British.

422

Grosser Bilderatlas des Weltkrieges. [Illustrated Atlas of the World War.] 3 Vols. München: Burckmann, 1915-19. These volumes provide a large number of maps and photographs illustrating the German side of the conflict.

423

Grouard, Lieut.-Colonel. La Conduite de la Guerre jusqu'a la Bataille de la Marne. [The Conduct of the War Through the Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Chapelot, 1922. Girouard, who had vainly predicted before the war that the Germans would swing far west of the Meuse River, is very critical of the French high command. The thinks the B.E.F. was too cautious in advancing to the Marne, but credits it with causing the German retreat by threatening the flank of the First Army. His account of the B.E.F. is heavily dependant on the volumes by Palat, who is less than perfect in tracing the movements of the British.

424

G. S. O. G. H. Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer). New York: E. P. Dutton, 1920. Although this volume does include commentary concerning Loos, most of it is trivia. It is unfortunate that the author, who, as a member of the lower ranks, had an unusual perspective, proved such a poor observer.

425

Gudmundsson, Bruce I. On Artillery. New York: Praeger, 1993. This study of artillery, which draws heavily from French and German sources, provides valuable background for the study of battles in World War I.

426

Gudmundsson, Bruce I. Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army 1914-18. New York: Praeger, 1989. Gudmundsson's study of the Germans is quite good, but by not acknowledging that other armies were developing along the same lines, he leaves too much impression of German superiority. He particularly praises the German tendency to allow even junior officers to act independently in battle, which he asserts, gave the Germans an advantage over the Allies.

427

Gurney, Russell. History of the Northamptonshire Regiment, 1742-1934. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1935. World War I is covered in a single chapter, but the regiment's role is reasonably outlined.

428

Gwyn, Sandra. Tapestry of War: A Private View of Canadians in the Great War. New York: Harper Collins, 1992. Although

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episodic and idiosyncratic, this book does provide some details about Canadian forces with the B.E.F. 429

Haber, L. F. The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986. Haber provides accounts of the German introduction of gas, April 15, 1915, and of the early British effort to use the weapon at Loos.

430

Haldane, Aylmer. A Brigade of the Old Army. London: Edward Arnold, 1920. Haldane, commander of the 10th Brigade and writing at the front, describes Le Cateau, the subsequent retreat, and then the advance to the Aisne. His account ends in mid-November, 1914.

431

Haldane, Aylmer. A Soldier's Saga: The Autobiography of General Sir Aylmer Haldane. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1948. Haldane went to France with the B.E.F. as commander of the 10th Brigade. His autobiography is disappointingly short of military insight and fiill of self-praise.

432

Haldane, M. M. A History of the Fourth Battalion the Seaforth Highlanders With Some Account of the Military Annals of Ross the Fencibles the Volunteers and of the Home Defense and Reserve Battalions, 1914-1919. London: H. F. & G. Witherby, n.d. Haldane provides brief but well-written accounts for fighting at Givenchy, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge and Loos.

433

Hall, Hubert. British Archives and the Sources for the History of the World War. London: H.Milford, Oxford University Press, 1925. Hall's focus is more economic and social than military and his work is dated, but he does provide some guidance for modern students of the war.

434

Hamilton, Ernest. The First Seven Divisions: Being a Detailed Account of the Fighting from Mons to Ypres. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1916. Hamilton, a member of the 11th Hussars, provides details of the fighting and heroism in the B.E.F. during the first months of the war.

435

Hamilton, Nigel. Monty: The Making of a General, 1887-1942. New York: McGraw Hill, 1981. Hamilton provides a brief account of Montgomery on the Western Front in 1914, especially at Le Cateau. Montgomery was wounded late in 1914 and out of action for a while.

84

The Battles of the B.E.F.

436

[Hamilton, Ralph G. A. (Master of Belhaven).] The War Diary of the Master of Belhaven. London: John Murray, 1924. Despite efforts to use his social influence to get into battle, the author spent most of 1914-15 working first as an interpreter, then a Provost Marshall, and later as a liaison to the French. He managed to get into action at 1st Ypres, where he was wounded. His diary has daily descriptions of his activities and does provide some useful details. Hammerton, Gay M., T. N. Dupuy, Brian Bader, C. Curtiss Johnson, and Thomas C. Yyatt. Impact of the Introduction of Lethal Gas on the Combat Performance of Defending Troops. Falls Church, VA: NOVA Publications, 1985. This report (No. 102) prepared for the Defense Nuclear Agency examines gas warfare in the summer of 1915, and concludes that the soldiers on the Western Front were able to carry-on despite the presence of chemical weapons, though at times panics did occur.

437

438

Hammerton, J. A. Ed. A Popular History of the Great War. 6 Vols. London: Fleetway House, n.d. Although caution is necessary as, by the editor's own admission, there was no checking on the dependability of secondary sources used in compiling these volumes, both Allied and German sources are cited. Thus they offer more than most popular histories, and a detailed narrative of the Mons retreat is included.

439

Hammerton, John A. Ed. The Great War: I Was There! 3 Vols. London: The Amalgamated Press, 1938-39. An anthology of participants' accounts of the war, including descriptions of the B.E.F., originally published in fifty-one parts.

440

Hanbury-Sparrow, A. A. The Land-Locked Lake. London: Arthur Barker, n.d. The author was a subaltern at the beginning of the war and describes, sometimes eloquently, his experiences with the B.E.F. The elaborate and formal language in the book does, however, open to some question his assertion that his impressions are just as formed at the time of the action.

441

Hankey, Donald. A Student in Arms. London: Andrew Melrose, 1917. Hankey's exposition of religion, philosophy, and life is made through tales of experiences in the B.E.F. His admiration of the everyday soldier in the B.E.F. is pervasive. Unfortunately, he makes no effort to indicate where or when these experiences occurred, and so his book is of limited value for the study of the war.

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442

Hanotaux, Gabriel. La Bataille de la Marne. [The Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit et Cie, 1922. The author, a veteran and quite good historian, takes a very dim view of the performance of the B.E.F. at the Marne.

443

Hanotaux, Gabriel. Histoire Illustrée de la Guerre de 1914. [Illustrated History of the War of 1914.] 17 Vols. Paris: Gounouilhous Editeur, 1915-24. Although he is quite critical of the B.E.F. especially at the Marne, he does describe the entire situation and his illustrations are both extensive and interesting.

444

Hanslian, Rudolph. The Gas Attack at Ypres: A Study in Military History. Edgewood: Chemical Warfare School, 1940. This pamphlet provides a technical analysis of the use of gas at Second Ypres.

445

Hare, Steuart. The Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps. Vol. 5: The Great War. London: John Murray, 1932. Rifle Corps battalions were involved in most of the significant encounters of the B.E.F. in 1914-15. This volume traces that involvement.

446

Harrington, Charles. Plumer of Messines. London: John Murray, 1935; rpt. 1938. Like most official biographies this volume is favorable toward the subject, but it does give a clear and detailed account of the general's role in with the B.E.F.

447

Harris, Henry. The Royal Irish Fusiliers. London: Leo Cooper, 1972. Although the Royal Irish Fusiliers were involved in a number of the battles fought by the B.E.F., this short history has only limited information.

448

Harrison-Ainsworth, E. D. The History and War Records of the Surrey Yeomanry (Queen Mary's Regt), 1797-1928. London: Printed for Regimental Committee, 1928. The author effectively describes the Salient and then briefly covers 2nd Ypres.

449

Hartcup, Guy. The War of Invention: Scientific Developments, 19141918. London: Brassey's, 1988. Although Hartcup does not discuss specific battles, his discussion of weaponry is a valuable addition to understanding the situation of the B.E.F.

450

Harvey, Basil. The Rifle Brigade. London: Leo Cooper, 1975. Part of a series of short regimental histories, this volume gives a brief overview of Rifle Brigade battalions on the Western Front in 1914-15.

86

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451

Hausen, General Freiherr von. Erinnerungen an den Marnefeldzug 1914: mit einer einleitenden kritischen Studie. [Memories of the Battle of the Marne: With a Critical Analysis.] Edited by Friedrich Max Kircheisen. Leipzig: Köhler, 1919. This study is the attempt of a German general to figure out how and why Germany lost at the Marne.

452

Hawker, Tyrrel Mann. Hawker V.C.: The Biography of the Late Lanoe George Hawker. London: Mitre Press, 1965. Hawker was one of the early British flyers who made the R.F.C. a significant factor in the first years of the war. This biographer is more aware of the importance of the air arm to the ground war than most who write about the air war.

453

Hawkins, Frank. From Ypres to Cambrai: The 1914-1919 Diary of Infantryman Frank Hawkins. Edited by Arthur Taylor. Morley: Elmfield Press, 1973. Hawkins narrates his experiences with Queen Victoria's Rifles at Ypres in 1914 and 1915. His account of Second Ypres is particularly detailed.

454

Hay, Ian. Carrying On: After the First Hundred Thousand. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, n.d. Account devoted to actions of the 9th (Scottish) Division from Loos through the Somme.

455

Hay, Ian. The First Hundred Thousand Being the Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of "K(I)". Edinburgh: William Blackwell and Sons, 1915; rpt. 1967. Hay's dramatic account, openly called fiction by some, of the first British divisions on the Western Front does give a sense of the B.E.F.'s achievement in the face of the emerging horror of trench warfare.

456

Hayes, Carlton J. H. A Brief History of the Great War. New York: Macmillan, 1921. Hayes provides a dependable narrative history, but with only limited attention to military operations.

457

Hayes, Grace P. World War I: A Compact History. New York: Hawthorn, 1972. Although not as brief as the title might suggest, this volume is a basic survey history of the war and good mostly as an introduction.

458

Haythornthwaite, Philip J. A Photohistory of World War One. London: Arms and Armour, 1992; rpt.1998. Photographic images, as presented in this work, bring home the horrors of the Western Front more effectively than most prose descriptions.

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459

Haythornthwaite, Philip J. The World War One Source Book. London: Brockhampton Press, 1998. This encyclopedic volume is a convenient source for factual details about the B.E.F. and its battles.

460

Headlam, Cuthbert. History of the Guards Division in the Great War, 1915-1918. 2 Vols. London: John Murray, 1924. Loos is the only Battle of the B.E.F. in 1915 given significant attention here, but Headlam does a very effective job of setting the context in which the Guards saw action.

461

Heaton, Frank and Sue Richardson. The Recollections of Three Manchesters in the Great War: Mike Lally of the Old Contemptibles, Joe Horgan of the Territorials, John Hallows of the Pals. Swinton, Manchester: Neil Richardson, 1985. Although short, like all personal narratives, this work offers unique details.

462

Helfferich, Karl. Der Weltkrieg. [The World War.] Karlsruhe: Schille, 1919. Although basically diplomatic, this study provides valuable background for understanding the role of the B. E. F.'s commitment to the initial struggle on the Western Front.

463

Henniker, A. M. Transportation on the Western Front 1914-1918. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1937; rpt. n.d. Part of the official British history of the war, this volume provides detailed information regarding logistics that were vital in the B.E.F.'s efforts.

464

Henriques, J. Q. The War History of the 1st Battalion Queen's Westminster Rifles, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1923. Henriques includes some tactical descriptions, but as this battalion was not in action often in the early part of the war, the volume is more valuable for descriptions of life in the trenches.

465

[Herbert, Aubrey N. H.] Mons, Anzac and Kut by an MP. London: Edward Arnold, 1919; rpt. 1930. Herbert's account of the retreat from Mons is graphic and detailed. He was wounded and captured but exchanged so that his involvement in the war continued.

466

Herman, Gerald. The Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of the First World War, 1914-1919. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992. Traces events day by day with various categories, including military actions, in parallel columns. A very useful

88

The Battles of the B.E.F. reference for organizing and establishing chronological relationships

467

Herwig, Holger, H. The First World War: Germany and AustriaHungary, 1914-1918. London: Arnold, 1997. Herwig's account of campaigning is detailed, and he is more critical of German strategic and tactical efforts than most.

468

Herwig, Holger H. and Neil M. Heyman. Biographical Dictionary of World War I. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1982. This volume provides a convenient and useful reference for biographical details for people on both sides of the conflict.

469

Herzfeld, Hans. Der Erste Weltkrieg. [The First World War.] München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1968. Thorough military and political history valuable for giving a sense of the German attitude about the war.

470

Heyman, Neil. World War I. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997. A volume in the Greenwood Press Guides to Historical Events of the 20th Century, this book is a collection of facts, biographies, documents, and an outline history of the war. It is a very convenient and useful reference.

471

Higham, Robin. Ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History. Berkeley. University of California Press, 1971. This excellent resource deserves the attention of anyone studying World War I. It was, of course, not intended to be exhaustive and is now beginning to be out of date.

472

Hildenbrandt, Fred. [Thimmermann, Hermann.] Der Sturm auf Langenmarck: von einem der dabei war. [The Storm at Langenmarck: By One Who Was There.] München: Knorr & Hirth, 1936. Narrative of the first Battle of Ypres.

473

Hilditch, A. Neville. Battle Sketches 1914-15. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1915. The battles sketched in this volume include First Ypres and Neuve Chapelle.

474

Hills, J. D. The Fifth Leicestershire, 1914-1918. Loughborough: Echo Press, 1919. Hills effectively describes the unit's experiences serving in the Ypres Salient for much of 1915.

475

Hills, R. J. T. The Life Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1971. Although short, this history does follow the regiment's contribution to the

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early battles of World War I. 476

Hills, R. J. T. The Royal Dragoons. London: Leo Cooper, 1972. Brief account including some facts about the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

477

Hills, R. J. T. The Royal Horse Guards. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. Although brief, this account does include battles of 1914-15.

478

Hillson, Norman. Alexander of Tunis. London: W. H. Allen, 1952. Hillson comments about Alexander as a young officer learning his trade with the Irish Guards on the Western Front early in World War I.

479

Historical Section (Military Branch) Committee of Imperial Defense. "Our Opponents at the Battle of the Marne, 1914." Army Quarterly 4 (1922): 240-47. This article provides an account of the battle showing the dispositions of both the B.E.F. and the Germans.

480

History of the1st and 2nd Battalions the North Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales') 1914-1923. Longton, Staffordshire: Hughes and Harper/The Royal Press, n.d. The account of the early months of the war in this volume is limited, but it does include some description of trench life and a few battles, including Hooge and 2nd Ypres.

481

The History of the Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles. London: Wyman & Sons for P. W. O. Civil Service Rifles, 1921. Provides details of the unit and of individual heroics in action at Givenchy and reserve at Festubert and Loos.

482

Hitchcock, F. C. Stand-To: A Diary of the Trenches, 1915-1918. London: Hurst & Blackett, 1937; rpt. 1988. Hitchcock describes some aspects of the situation in 1915 on the Western Front.

483

Hodder-Williams, Ralph. Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 1914-1919. 2 Vols. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1923. This is a very detailed account of the Canadian unit rushed to Europe to be certain that Canadian forces had the chance to participate in the war. The account of 2nd Ypres makes clear the importance of the Canadian role. The second volume is composed of individual’s records.

484

Hodges, Arthur. Lord Kitchener. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1936. Hodges tends to be very supportive of Kitchener-giving him

90

The Battles of the B.E.F. credit for creating an effective staff, getting the defeatism of John French under control during the Mons retreat, and supporting a defensive strategy on the Western Front to minimize the impact of a strategy of attrition. Not only is Hodges uncritical, but he also uses such extensive excepts from other biographies that his work is hardly worth consulting.

485

Hoeppner, Ernst von. Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft; ein Rückblick auf die Entwichlung und die Leistungen unserer Heers Luffstreitkräfte im Weltkrieg. Leipzig: Koehler, 1921; Translation German's War in the Air: The Development and Operations of German Military Aviation in the World War. Trans. by J. Howley Larned. Nashville: Battery Press, 1994. The struggle for control in the air began early in the war because of the need for artillery observation. Although the Germans were at times dominant, ultimately the Allies won this aspect of the contest.

486

Hogg, I. V. and L. F. Thurston. British Artillery Weapons and Ammunition 1914-1918. London: Ian Allen, 1973. Hogg and Thurston discuss the problems of artillery ranging and consistency and make clear the problems of learning the application of firepower throughout the war.

487

Hogg, Ian. Gas. New York: Balantine, 1975. Hogg's account of gas warfare, particularly, at Loos, helps make clear the problems with this new technology.

488

Holland, J. A. The Story of the Tenth Canadian Battalion, 1914-1917. Edited by T. G. Roberts. London: Charles and Son for Canadian War Records Office, 1918. The Tenth Battalion, described in this short work, was part of the first Canadian Division that arrived in France early in 1915. The Tenth was battered in the counter attack on Kitchener's Wood at Second Ypres.

489

Holmes, Richard. The Little Field Marshall: Sir John French. London: Jonathan Cape, 1981. This excellent biography, while sympathetic to its subject, does not pull punches. French's problems and failures in 1914 are exposed and critiqued.

490

Holmes, Richard. Riding the Retreat: Mons to the Marne 1914 Revisited. London: Jonathan Cape, 1995. Holmes, a retired colonel, rode, actually on horseback, over the route followed by the B.E.F. during the 1914 retreat from Mons. He mixes travel stories, geographical observations, and local history into an account of

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the World War I fighting. The result is an informative and charming book that gives the reader a new appreciation of the difficulties the soldiers of 1914 faced. 491

Holmes, Richard. The Western Front: Ordinary Soldiers and the Defining Battles of World War I. New York: TV Books, 1999. This volume is the companion to "The Western Front," which was produced by the BBC and the History Channel. Holmes masterfully translates the visual sense of the war given in the video account into written description. Reading this volume is an excellent way to get an overview of the events and experience of the Western Front. It does not provide extensive details, however.

492

Holt, Tonie and Valmai. Battlefields of the First World War: A Traveller's Guide. London: Pavilion, 1993. The Holts' depiction of the B.E.F.'s battlefields are an informative introduction to the region in which the battles of 1914-15 were conducted.

493

Holt, Tonie and Valmai. Major and Mrs. Holt's Battlefield Guide to the Ypres Salient. London: Leo Cooper, 1999. Although intended for travelers, the Holt's guide is a clear and well written introduction to the battles of the B.E.F.

494

Home, Archibald. The Diary of a World War I Cavalry Officer. Tunbridge Wells: Costello, 1985. Although cavalry had little chance to be of significance later in the war, during the first months movement on the battlefield remained a possibility. This diary gives eyewitness testimony to the role of horse soldiers with the B.E.F.

495

Hopkins, J. Castell. Canada at War: A Record of Heroism and Achievement, 1914-1918. Toronto: Canadian Annual Review, 1919. This work is popular in style and nationalistic in theme.

496

Hopkinson, E. C. Spectamur Agendo. 1st Battalion the East Lancashire Regiment, August and September 1914. Privately Printed, n.d. This short--more pamphlet than book--work has an excellent account of Le Cateau.

497

Horne, Alistair. The Death of a Generation: From Neuve Chapelle to Verdun and the Somme. London: Macdonald, 1970. Horne, in this extensively illustrated volume, emphasizes the heavy casualty totals and minimal gains of 1915-16.

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498

Home, Charles F. et al. Eds. Source Records of the Great War. 7 Vols. N.P.: National Alumni, 1923. The accounts in these volumes are written by a mix of eyewitnesses, journalists, and historians from both sides. The approach provides balance while providing strongly expressed points-of-view.

499

Howard, Michael. The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. This brief volume is intended as an introduction to the war and succeeds quite well as such.

500

Howard, Michael. "Men Against Fire: The Doctrine of the Offensive in 1914." In Makers of Modern Strategy. Ed. by Peter Paret with Gordon Craig and Felix Gilbert. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. Howard explains the nature of combat in 1914.

501

Howland, C. R. A Military History of the World War. 2 Vols. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: General Services School Press, 1932. Although the prose in this work, prepared as a text for the American military, is extremely choppy, it does provide a very detailed description of military operations and some interesting analysis based on the U.S. Army's Principles of War. There are, however, much more readable surveys that provide virtually everything offered here. Volume 2 is an atlas.

502

Huguet, Général. L'Intervention Militaire Britannique en 1914. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1928; Translation: Britain and the War: A French Indictment. London: Cassell, 1928; rpt. 1967. Huguet was head of the French military mission attached to the Royal Army and provides a description of the British battles of 1914. He seems a an Anglophobe but was certainly an admirer of General Sir Henry Wilson.

503

Hunt, M. S. Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War. Halifax: Nova Scotia Veteran Publishing Co., 1920. Hunt includes much unusual and obscure information about the war, but the organization of his book, which lacks an index, makes extracting it difficult.

504

Hunter, T. M. Marshal Foch: A Study in Leadership. Ottawa: Directorate of Military Training, Army Headquarters, 1961. Hunter describes the cooperative elements in the Anglo-French handling of the B.E.F.'s battles, and is critical of both Foch and Sir John French.

505

Hussey, A. H. and Inman, D. S. The Fifth Division in the Great War.

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London: Nisbet, 1921. In 1914, elements of the 5th Division were involved in the retreat from Mons, and the battles of Le Cateau, the Marne and the Aisne and then in 1915 at Hill 60 and 2nd Ypres. The authors' comments about tactical activity are detailed, but they rarely expand their narrow focus to tie the tactical situation to the overall campaign. 506

Hutchinson, Graham Seton. Warrior. London: Hutchinson, 1932. Hutchinson reached the Western Front in November, 1914, and from that point provides a detailed description of life in the trenches. He does not, however, offer much account of combat in the early battles.

507

Hyatt, A. M. J. General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military Biography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. This short biography outlines the career of the Canadian officer who was ultimately very significant in the British command structure. Although Canadian efforts and valor on the Western Front, especially Second Ypres, are described, more complete accounts are easily available.

508

Hyndson, J. G. W. From Mons to the First Battle of Ypres. N.P.: N.P., n.d. (Printed by Wyman & Sons, London, 1932). This bare bones diary of service with the 1st battalion of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment in the 2nd Infantry Brigade covers the first seven month of the war. It provides useful details of life at the front.

509

In Spite of All Rejoicing: A Soldier's Diary of the Great War. New York: Duffield, 1929. The descriptions of life on the Western Front in 1914 and 1915 in this diary are detailed and show a keen eye for observation. Not very much about combat is included, however.

510

"Incidents of the Great War: No. 3 Two Minor Operations: The 6th Battalion the Gloucester Regiment in Front of Hébuterne, November, 1915, and the 17th H. L. I. Southwest of Thiepval, April 1916, April 1916." Army Quarterly 8 (1924): 365-70. Provides an example of the daily struggles on the Western Front.

511

Ingalls, Donald E. "Artillery Innovations in WWI." Field Artillery Journal 42 (Sept.-Oct., 1974): 54-57. Ingalls' overview of changes in the technology and use of artillery provides an understanding of its importance in the war.

512

Inglefield, V. E. The History of the Twentieth (Light) Division. London:

94

The Battles of the B.E.F. Nisbet, 1921. Inglefield discusses the 20th Division's involvement in diversionary attacks during the Battle of Loos and includes some description of life in the trenches in the latter months of 1915. His accounts are narrowly focused, however, and provide little beyond the level of tactics.

513

Isaac, Jules. Joffre et Lanrezac: etude critique des témoignages sur le rôle de la 5e Armée (Août 1914). [Joffre and Lanrezac: Critical Study of Evidence about the Role of the 5th Army (August 1914.] Paris: Chiron, 1922. Isaac includes a discussion of the problems between John French and General Lanrezac. He generally praises the Frenchman, but he does acknowledge that his temperament was a problem in dealing with the British commander.

514

Isselin, Henri. La Bataille de la Marne. NP: Arthaud, 1964. Translation: The Battle of the Marne. Trans. by John Terraine. London: Elek Books, 1965. This photographic work offers numerous images and some comment concerning the battle.

515

Ivelaw-Chapman, John. The Riddles of Wipers. London: Leo Cooper, 1997. Provides an account of Wipers Times, the trench newspaper produced in the Ypres Salient and very valuable for a soldier's eye view of conditions. The author has done an excellent job of sorting out in-jokes and slang so that the reader can understand just what the paper's writers meant.

516

Jack, J. L. General Jack's Diary, 1914-1918. Ed. by John Terraine. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1964; rpt. 2000. Jack was a junior officer in 1914, and his diary offers eyewitness testimony to much of the first eighteen months of the war.

517

Jackson, H. M. The Royal Regiment of Artillery, Ottawa, 1855-1952. Montreal: Privately Printed, 1952. Includes account of the Ypres Salient in 1915.

518

Jackson, W. G. F. Alexander of Tunis As Military Commander. New York: Dodd Mead, 1971. In August, 1914, Alexander was a lieutenant in the 4th (Irish Guards) Brigade, 2nd Division, I Corps, and Jackson discusses his learning his trade in the early battles of the B.E.F.

519

James, E. A. A Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders, 1914-1918. Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1924. Lists, without comment, units down to

Annotated Bibliography

95

brigade level in each battle of the war. This small volume was originally published as articles in the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution in August and November, 1923. 520

James, Fred. Canada's Triumph: From Amiens to Mons. London: Charles and Sons, 1918. This overview is a compilation of the author's articles written as a war correspondent.

521

James, Lawrence. Imperial Warrior: The Life and Times of FieldMarshal Viscount Allenby, 1861-1936. London: Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1993. James' report of Allenby and his cavalry in 1914-15 credits the importance of intelligence gathering. He has high praise for Allenby's intelligence officer Colonel George Barrow. He defends Allenby for command and control problems because his units were very scattered, and condemns Hubert Gough, a brigade commander, for attaching himself to Haig and not being a good subordinate to Allenby. Although he admits Allenby was not a fast learner, James gives him good marks.

522

James, Lionel. Ed. The History of King Edward's Horse. London: Sifton, Praed, 1921. The battalions of this unit were split up as divisional cavalry after arriving in France in April, 1915. The accounts of this period are, therefore, episodic.

523

Jerrold, Douglas. The Hawke Battalion: Some Personal Records of Four Years, 1914-1918. London: Ernest Benn, 1925. Although the Hawke Battalion did not serve with the B.E.F. in France, it was at Antwerp as part of the effort to hold that port. Jerrold describes the unit's experiences with little comment.

524

Jervis, H. S. The 2nd Munsters in France. Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1922. Jervis provides short factual accounts of the Munsters in the retreat from Mons, Etraux (August 27), Hooge (November 915), Festubert, and Loos.

525

Joachim, Theodor. Die operationen und rückwärtigen Verbindungen der deutschen I Armee in der Marneschlacht, 1914. [The Operations and Retreat of the German 1st Army in the Battle of the Marne, 1914.] Berlin: Mittler, 1933. Joachim offers a German perspective on the Marne, the key battle of the initial fighting if not the entire war.

526

Joffre, Joseph Jacques Césaire, l'ex-kronprinz impérial, le maréchal Foch, and le général Ludendorff. Les deux batailles de la Marne, 5-11 septembre, 1914-15-18 juillet 1918. Paris: Payot, 1927;

96

The Battles of the B.E.F. Translation: The Two Battles of the Marne. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1927. This volume is mostly interesting for the perspectives of the various commanders who contributed. It is far from the best account of the actual battles.

527

Joffre, Marshal. The Memoirs of Marshal Joffre. 2 Vols. Trans. by T. Bentley Mott. London: Bles, 1932. Joffre, the supreme commander of the French armies, provides an account of dealing with the B.E.F.

528

Johnson, Douglas Wilson. Battlefields of the World War: Western and Southern Fronts. A Study in Military Geography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1921. Johnson does an excellent job of relating the geography of France and Belgium to the events of battles. He focuses on 1st and 2nd Ypres in his discussion of the early part of the war, but one can extrapolate from his comments to judge the impact of geography on other battles.

529

Johnson, Douglas Wilson. Topography and Strategy in the War. New York: Henry Holt, 1917. Johnson's discussion of topography helps clarify the decisions made by commanders during 1914-15, and includes examples such as the influence on the Battle of the Marne of the river's tributaries (Ourcq, Petit Morin, and Grand Morin) that guide readers to an understanding the geography of the Western Front and how that geography influenced strategic thinking.

530

Johnston, Charles. Famous Generals of the Great War Who Led the United States and Her Allies to a Glorious Victory. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1970. Johnston includes French, Joffre, and several other generals who were significant in the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15. His analysis is, however, far from critical.

531

Johnston, Samuel, C. N. Barclay, H. H. Story, and John Baynes. The History of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). 4 Vols. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1947-71. The authors follow battalions from the Cameronians on the Western Front in 1914-15.

532

Johnstone, Tom. Orange, Green and Khaki: The Story of the Irish Regiments in the Great War, 1914-18. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1992. There were numerous Irish units among the "Old Contemptibles," and Johnstone provides detailed descriptions of their activities.

Annotated Bibliography

97

533

Jones, I. Air Fighter's Scrapbook. London: Nicolson and Watson, 1938. Although more attention is given to the knights of the air than to fighting on the ground in this volume, there is information concerning the significance of the air war to the B.E.F. in it.

534

Jones, Nigel. The War Walk: A Journey Along the Western Front. London: Robert Hale, 1983. Jones actually walked the entire front line and mixes first-hand observations of the locales with accounts of the battles.

535

Kabisch, Ernst. Die Marneschlacht, 1914: Eine Deutsche Tragödie. [The Battle of the Marne, 1914: A German Tragedy.] Berlin: Schlegel, 1934. Looking at the initial battles of the war from the German point-of-view, Kabisch argues that the failure to carry the Schlieffen Plan to success doomed the Germans to defeat.

536

Kann, Réginald. Le Plan de Campagne Allemand de 1914 et son exécution. [The German Campaign Plan of 1914 and Its Execution.] Paris: Payot, 1923. Kann describes the intentions of the Germans and the results of their efforts, including the role of the B.E.F. in stopping them.

537

Kearney, A. 1915 Campaign in France: The Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert & Loos Considered in Relation to the Field Service Regulations. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1929. Drawing from official records, Kearney analyses the 1915 battles in terms of the British Army's own doctrine.

538

Kearney, A. Notes on the Campaign in France, 1914. London: Sifton Praed, 1934. This slight volume is little more than a study guide.

539

Keene, Louis. "Crumps": The Plain Story of a Canadian Who Went. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917. This personal narrative describes the experiences of a Canadian who was unwilling to wait for his own army to get into action and accepted a commission from the British. He was wounded and out of action before the end of 1915.

540

Keeson, C. A. Cuthbert. The History and Records of Queen Victoria's Rifles, 1792-1922. London: Constable, 1923. Although the unit only reached France in 1915, Caisson does include some details of action at Hill 60 and 2nd Ypres.

541

Keil, Hermann. Sächsische Reserve-Jäger-Battalion No. 13. [Saxon Reserve Fusilier Battalion No. 13.] Dresden: Wilhelm and

98

The Battles of the B.E.F. Bertha von Baensch Stiftung, 1934. Provides information about a unit that opposed the B.E.F.

542

Keith-Falconer, Adrian. The Oxfordshire Hussars in the Great War (1914-1918). London: John Murray, 1927. This volume makes clear the important role that the cavalry played in the first months of the war and shows how its participation declined thereafter.

543

Kennedy, E. J. With the Immortal Seventh Division. London; Hodder and Stoughton, 1916. This account, written by the divisional chaplain, follows the Seventh through the end of the first year of the war.

544

Kennedy, Joyce M. Distant Thunder: Canada's Citizen-Soldiers on the Western Front. Manhatten: Sunflower University Press, 2000. Kennedy, whose father was one of Canada's soldiers, tells of the experiences of the CEF in 1915.

545

Kerr, Wilfred Brenton. "Historical Literature on Canada's Participation in the Great War." Canadian Historical Review. 14 (1933): 312-36. This thorough though not quite complete listing is a useful bibliographic aid. Kerr has supplements in the same journal, volumes 15 (1934): 181-90, 453; and 16(1935): 364-6.

546

Kielmansegg, Peter Graf. Deutschland und der Erste Weltkrieg. [Germany and the First World War.] Frankfurt-au-Main: Akademisch Verlaggeseils, 1964; 2nd ed. 1980. This survey from the German point-of-view provides information about German problems in the first campaigns. Combat losses at 1st Ypres were severe and some units also suffered from typhus and dysentery. This battle was the end of the race to the sea.

547

King, Jere Clemons. Ed. The First World War. New York: Walker, 1972. King includes an account of the Marne taken from Joffre's memoirs.

548

King, W. C. Ed. King's Complete History of the World War. Springfield: History Associates, 1922; rpt. 1973. This is a wellillustrated but superficial account.

549

Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge. The Story of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. London: Country Life and George Newnes, n.d. Kingsford devotes eight chapters to World War I and two to 1914-15. He describes Le Cateau and Ypres and trench life.

Annotated Bibliography

99

550

Kipling, Rudyard. Ed. The Irish Guards in the Great War. 2 Vols. London: Macmillan, 1923; rpt. 1996-97. Although well-written and filled with details, Kipling's bitterness over the loss of his son on the Western Front peaks out from the pages. Concerning the B.E.F. he touches particularly on Mons, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos.

551

Kirchberger, Joe H. The First World War: An Eyewitness History. New York: Facts on File, 1992. Provides an wealth of excerpts from firsthand accounts but lacks interpretative commentary.

552

Kircheisen, Friedrich Max. Die Schlachten bei Ypren und Dixmude (Oktober Und November 1914). [The Battles of Ypres and Dixmude (October and November 1914).] Aarau: H. R. Sauerländer, 1916. Provides a short account of the Battle of First Ypres and the situation at Dixmude, which was inundated when the Belgians cut dykes to allow the sea to block German advances.

553

Kirke, R. M. St. G. "Some Aspects of Artillery Development During the First World War on the Western Front." Journal of the Royal Artillery. 101 (Sept., 1974): 130-40. Kirke examines some of the problems of artillery work, such as transferring data from aerial photos to maps.

554

Klein, Fritz, Willibald Gutsche, and Joachim Petzoid. Eds. Deutschland im ersten Krieg. [Germany in the First War.] 3 Vols. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1968-69. Although more political than military in focus, these authors do devote some attention to the conduct of the war.

555

Klotz, Emil. Das Württembergische Reserve-Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 54 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918. [The 54th Wüttemberg Reserve Field Artillery Regiment in the World War 1914-1918.] Stuttgart: Belser, 1929. Klotz includes descriptions of fighting against the B.E.F. and of the use of poison gas in 1915.

556

Kluck, Alexander von. The March on Paris and the Battle of the Marne, 1914. London: Edward Arnold, 1920. Originally Der Marsch auf Paris und die Marneschlacht 1914. Berlin: Mittler, 1920. General von Kluck commanded the German 1st army on the far right of the sweep envisioned by the Schlieffen Plan. He maintains that his force, if left to do so, could have flanked the B.E.F. and driven on to Paris. He is critical of von Bülow to his left for being too cautious and von Moltke for drawing back from

100

The Battles of the B.E.F. the original scheme of attack. Von Kluck was one of the best of the German commanders and his account is well worth reading. It seem clear, however, that he is defending his tendency to arrogance and insubordination in some parts.

557

Knieling, Lutz and Arnold Bölsche. R.I.R. 234; ein Querschnitt durch Deutschlands Schicksalsringen. [R.I.R. 234; An Example of Germany's Fate.] Zweulenroda-Thür: Bernhard Sporn, 1931. This history of the 234th Reserve Regiment includes its struggles against the B.E.F. and involvement in the use of poison gas in 1915.

558

Koeltz, Commandant. L 'Armée von Kluck à la Bataille de la Marne. [The Army of von Kluck at the Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Lavauzelle, 1931. Koeltz traces the activity of the German First Army at the key battle of 1914.

559

Koeltz, Commandant Ed. Documents Allemands sur la Bataille de la Marne. [German Documents Concerning the Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Payot, 1930. Koeltz includes reports from von Bülow, Tappen, and Loebnitz.

560

Koeltz, Louis. La Guerre de 1914-1918: les operations militarires. [Military Operations in the War of 1914-1918.] Paris: Sirey, 1966. Despite a French focus, Koeltz includes the operations of allies in his account.

561

Koetzle, Hermann. Das Sanitätswesen im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [Medical Services in the World War, 1914-1918.] Stuttgart: Berger, 1924. Koetzle's account of medical work with the 27th Division and 26th Reserve Division makes a useful comparison to the services provided by the R.A.M.C. for the B.E.F.

562

Kolbe, Walther von. Die Marneschlacht. [The Battle of the Marne.] Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1917. Short account of the battle that determined the outcome of the war.

563

Köppen, Hans. "The Battle of the Marne, 8th and 9th September, 1914." Army Quarterly 28 (July, 1934): 297-303. The author, a German officer, accompanied Hentsch, who was dispatched by Moltke to review the situation in September and ordered the retreat that resulted in the Battle of the Marne. He maintains that Hentsch was depressed and foolishly ordered the Second Army to retreat thus costing Germany its chance to win the war.

Annotated Bibliography

101

564

Krämer, Max. Die Geschichte des Reserve Infanterie Regiments 245 im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The History of Reserve Infantry Regiment 245 in the World War, 1914-1918.] Liepzig: Verlag Ehemalige Offiziere des R. I. R., 1922. This unit was at 1st Ypres, where its historian notes the devastating effect of British fire, and at 2nd Ypres, where it suffered from its own gas and its officers misjudged the effects of the new weapon on the enemy.

565

Kuhl, Herman von. Der Deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und Durchfürung der Weltkrieg. [The German General Staff's Preparation and Work During the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1920. Kuhl discusses German ideas about the British in the war.

566

Kuhl, Herman von. Der Marnefeldzug. [The Marne Campaign]. Berlin: Mittler, 1921; French Translation La Campagne de la Marne (1927). Von Kuhl was Chief of Staff to General Alexander von Kluck, commander of the German 1st Army and the extreme right of the German line in 1914. His position provides an excellent view of the initial success and ultimate failure of the Schlieffen Plan. Unfortunately, he does not clear up the role of Lieutennant-Colonel Hentsch, who authorized the withdrawal of the German right without, it has been charged, adequate authority, though he does note that Hentsch's orders were treated as coming directly from the supreme command. Concerning the Marne, Kuhl credits the threat of a breakthrough by the B.E.F. and French 5th Army as the crucial turning point.

567

Kuhl, Hermann von. Der Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The World War, 19141918.] 2 Vols. Berlin: Weller, 1929; rpt. 1995. Kuhl provides a comprehensive if somewhat pro-German overview of the war.

568

Laffin, John. Letters From the Front, 1914-1918. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1973. Although reading the letters in this volume will provide little information directly about the battles fought by the B.E.F. in 1914-15, the descriptions of life on the Western Front are excellent context for understanding the military situation.

569

Laffin, John. Swifter Than Eagles: The Biography of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Sir John Maitland Salmond. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1964. Laffin describes the experiences of Salmond, who was one of the first RFC officers on the Western Front and involved in the early battles.

570

Laffin, John. The Western Front Companion, 1914-1918; A-Z Source to the Battles, Weapons, People, Places, and Air Combat. London:

102

The Battles of the B.E.F. AlanSutton, 1997. Provides a very useful and convenient source for getting factual details.

571

Laffin, John. The Western Front Illustrated, 1914-1918. London: Alan Sutton, 1997. Laffin's collection pictures provides a powerful sense of the horrors, combat, and daily life of the war.

572

Langley, M. The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire): The 47th and 81st Regiments of Foot. London: Leo Cooper, 1976. This short history of the North Lancashire Regiment has only a few facts concerning its involvement in the early battles of the B.E.F.

573

Lanrezac, Général. Le Plan de Campagne Français et le Premier Mois de la Guerre. [The French Campaign Plan and the First Month of the War.] Nouvelle édition. Paris: Payot, 1929. Although focused on the French military, Lanrezac commanded the French forces that were on the right of the B.E.F. during the initial fighting. He provides some first-hand analysis of the B.E.F., especially at Mons. He also refutes the charges of Sir John French that he left the British unprotected by failing to keep them notified of his army's movements.

574

Latter, J. C. The History of the Lancashire Fusiliers. 2 Vols. Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1949. Latter's coverage of 1914-15 is extensive, including Le Cateau, the retreat from Mons, and Second Ypres. He also describes life in the trenches.

575

Laurent, André. La Bataille de la Marne (1914). [The Battle of the Marne.] Le Cateau: Horvath, 1982; rpt. 1994. Heavily illustrated account of the battle.

576

Lee, Albert. History of the Thirty-Third Foot, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment. Norwich: Jarrold & Sons, The Empire Press, 1922. This regiment was represented at a number of the battles in 1914-15, and the regimental history provides particulars and background.

577

Lefebure, Victor. The Riddle of the Rhine--Chemical Strategy in Peace and War. London: Collins, 1923. Although the volume has a broader focus than poison gas in World War I, it has a detailed narrative of chemical operations on the Western Front from the first use at Second Ypres. It also covers the Allied effort to develop chemical weapons and their use starting with Loos.

578

Le Goffic, Charles. La victoire de la Marne, Les Marais de Saint-Gond.

Annotated Bibliography

103

Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1916; Translation by Lucy Menzies: General Foch at the Marne: An Account of the fighting in and Near the Marshes of Saint-Gond. London: Dent, 1918. Le Goffic's account of the Battle of the Marne is popular in style but extensive. 579

Legros, Gen. La Genèse de la Bataille de la Marne. [The Origin of the Battle of the Marne.] Paris: Payot, 1919. Although more focused on the French than the British, the situation leading to the battle of the Marne is certainly shown to have involved the B.E.F.

580

Leinveber, Adolf. Mit Clausewitz durch die Rätsel und Fragen, Irrungen und Wirrungen des Weltkrieges. [With Clausewitz Through the Riddles and questions, Mistakes and Muddles of the World War.] Berlin: B. Behrs/F. Feddersen, 1926. Leinveber gives more attention and praise to the B.E.F. at Mons and Le Cateau than most German authors.

581

Lestien, G. L'action du Général Foch a la bataille de la Marne. [The Action of General Foch at the Battle of the Marne. Paris: Alfred Costes, 1930. Foch's forces were in cooperation with the B.E.F.

582

Letard, E. Trois mois an Premier Corps de Cavalerie. [Three Months with the First Cavalry Corps.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1919. Provides details of French cavalry helping to cover the B.E.F. during the retreat from Mons. Supports Smith-Dorrien's account of the situation leading to Le Cateau.

583

Letters from the Front: Being a Record of the Part Played by Officers of the Bank in the Great War, 1914-1919. 2 Vols. Edited by C. L. Foster and W. S. Duthie. Toronto: Canadian Bank of Commerce, 1920-21. The first volume of this set is comprised of letters from bank employees serving with CEF, including powerful tales of Second Ypres, and the second is a roll of those employees.

584

Liddell Hart, Basil H. Foch: Man of Orleans. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1931;rpt. 1980. Liddell Hart emphasizes Foch on Sir John French, and argues that the Frenchman's aggressiveness led to more B.E.F. casualties as the first two battles of Ypres than were necessary. He analyzes the battles to prove his point.

585

Liddell Hart, Basil H. The Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart. 2 Vols. London: Cassell, 1965. Although Liddell Hart does not provide

104

The Battles of the B.E.F. much description of battle in this volume, his life-long crusade against the Western strategy in World War I makes his comments about strategy, tactics, and people worth attention.

586

Liddell Hart, Basil H. The Real War, 1914-1918. Boston: Little Brown, 1930; enlarged edition entitled A History of the World War (1934; rpt. 1964). Liddell Hart established the historiographical school that regards British strategy as foolish, rigid, and destructive. His survey of the war is certainly intended to further that view, but it is nonetheless factually accurate and wellwritten.

587

Liddell Hart, Basil H. Reputations Ten Years After. London: John Murray, 1928; rpt. 1968, 1980. Although his criticism of British generalship would grow substantially in later works, in this book Liddell Hart credits Haig with much skill when on the defensive. He suggests significant problems with the general's offensive thinking, however.

588

Liddell Hart, Basil H. Through the Fog of War. London: Faber and Faber, 1938. Liddell Hart, perhaps the greatest critic of the Western strategy, has a low opinion of French and Haig who designed that strategy. He blames French for the separation of the B.E.F.'s two corps resulting in II Corps having to fight alone at Le Cateau. He also condemns French's failure to exploit initial successes at Neuve Chapelle and rejects his claim to have released reserve units appropriately during the Battle of Loos, though he believes Haig overstated this problem. He also credits Haig with having opposed attacking at Loos from the beginning due to the shortage of artillery. Overall his treatment of the generals seems more moderate than in many of his later works.

589

Liddle, Peter H. The Airman's War 1914-18. Poole: Bradford Press, 1987. Comprehension of the B.E.F.'s campaigns requires an understanding of the emerging struggle in the air, and Liddle's focus helps significantly with that understanding.

590

Liddle, Peter H. The Soldier's War, 1914-1918. London: Blandford Press, 1988. Liddle's effort to picture the experience of the infantryman on the Western Front is better than most of the many such portrayals available.

591

Ligny, Hurault de. La Division du Maroc aux Marais de Saint-Gond (510 Septembre, 1914). [The Moroccan Division at the Marshes of Saint-Gond (5-10 September, 1914).] Paris: Charles

Annotated Bibliography

105

Lavauzell, n.d. The author's criticisms of General Foch and his handling of French forces make the role of the B.E.F. at the Marne seem very important. 592

Lindsay, J. H. Ed. The London Scottish. London: Regimental Headquarters, 1926. Lindsay provides some background information regarding Loos and Neuve Chapelle, and describes the London Scottish in those battles as well as Givenchy and Festubert. His focus, however, is generally narrow.

593

Livesey, Anthony. Great Battles of World War I. New York: Macmillan, 1989; rpt. 1996. This heavily illustrated volume gives a visual sense of what the B.E.F. faced on the Western Front.

594

Livesey, Anthony. The Historical Atlas of World War I. New York: Henry Holt, 1994. Livsey includes maps showing the battles and helps make clear both the size and geographical limits for armies on the Western Front.

595

Lloyd, Alan. The War in the Trenches. London: Hart-Davis MacGibbon, 1976. Using numerous illustrations, Lloyd depicts life and combat on the Western Front.

596

Lloyd, R. A. A Trooper in the 'Tins': Autobiography of a Lifeguardsman. London: Hurst & Blackett, n.d. Lloyd discusses his experiences with the B.E.F. during 1914-15, particularly at First and Second Ypres.

597

Lloyd George, David (Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor). War Memoirs. 6 Vols. London: Nicolson and Watson, 1933-36; numerous rpts. A prominent member of the government, Lloyd George has much to say about the B.E.F. In 1914-15, he was particularly interested in logistics, for he was on his way to being Minister of Munitions.

598

Lomas, David and Ed Dovey First Ypres 1914: The Graveyard of the Old Contemptibles. London: Osprey, 1999. A volume in the Osprey Campaign Series, this short work is well-illustrated and has a clear, simple description of First Ypres. It is a good introduction.

599

Lomas, David and Ed Dovey. Mons 1914: The B.E.F.'s Tactical Triumph. London: Osprey, 1997. This volume in the Osprey Campaign Series is a typically well-illustrated, clear description of the battle and an excellent introduction.

106

The Battles of the B.E.F.

600

Lomont, A. Histoire de la Grand Guerre. [History of the Great War.] Paris: Gedalge, 1923. Lomont gives the B.E.F. due credit, particularly citing British tenacity as the key to success at First Ypres.

601

Lossberg, Fritz. Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [My Activity in the World War, 1914-1918.] Berlin: Mittler, 1939. Lossberg, a defense specialist, describes the German effort in the first years of the campaign and his own development of the elastic defense in response to the relative successes of the British and French attacks in September, 1915.

602

Love, A. G. "Casualties and Medical Statistics of the British Forces During the World War." Military Surgeon 70 (Feb. 1932): 109-27. Love provides convenient access to some basic information.

603

Luard, K. E. Unknown Warriors: Extracts from the Letters of K. E. Luard, R. R. C, Nursing Sister in France, 1914-1918. London: Chatto & Windus, 1930. Account by a nursing sister starting in 1915 that leaves no doubt about the horrors of trench warfare.

604

Lucas, Charles. Ed. The Empire at War. 5 Vols. London: Humphrey Milford/Oxford University Press, 1921-26. Lucas provides some details of Canadians in the 1915 battles such as Festubert, but is particularly useful for statistical details of Imperial forces and financial contributions to the British war effort.

605

Lucy, John. There's a Devil in the Drum. London: Faber & Faber, 1938; rpt. 1992. Lucy was a corporal in the 2nd Royal Irish Rifles, and first saw action at Le Cateau. He later fought at Neuve Chapelle. His book is a good source for the attitudes of the common soldier in the B.E.F.

606

Ludendorff, Erich. Das Marne-Drama. Der Fall Moltke-Hentsch. [The Drama of the Marne. The Fall of Moltke and Hentsch.] Munich: Ludendorff's Verlag, 1934. As one of the key German generals of the war, Ludendorff's analysis in this pamphlet is certainly of interest, but the fact that he was a rival of Moltke's for leadership makes his judgement questionable.

607

Lupfer, Timothy T. The Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in German Tactical Doctrines During the First World War. Fort Levenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute, 1981. Lupfer's analysis of what the B.E.F. was up against is valuable. He argues

Annotated Bibliography

107

that the Germans were superior in tactical innovation, though not all scholars agree. 608

Lyons, Michael J. World War I: A Short History. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994. Lyons work is considerable and a good introduction to the war.

609

Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos). The Memoirs of Lord Chandos. London: The Bodley Head, 1962. Lyttleton, who served in the Grenadier Guards, arrived in France in February ,1915. He comments about Festubert, and much more extensively about life on the Western Front.

610

McBride, Herbert W. A Rifleman Went to War; Being a Narrative of the Author's Experiences and Observations While With the Canadian Corps in France and Belgium, September 1915-April 1917, With Particular Emphasis Upon the Use of the Military Rifle in Sniping, Its Place in Modern Armament, and the Work of the Individual Solder. Marines, NC: Small Arms Technical Publishing, 1935; rpt. 1987. McBride was part of the 21st Battalion, C. F. E., and give some description and comment about the Western Front and action there. His main focus is, however, the technical aspects of weaponry.

611

McCudden, James Thomas Byford. Five Years in the Royal Flying Corps. London: The Aeroplane and General Publishing Co., 1919; rpt. 1987 & 2000. The author served in France from the beginning of the war, and follows the development and involvement of the R.F.C. in the first years of the contest.

612

MacDonagh, Michael. The Irish at the Front. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916. Although it does contain some details of Irish troops with the B.E.F., this book is romanticized and histrionic. It was apparently an effort to support recruiting in Ireland.

613

MacDonald, F.B. and John J. Gardner. The Twenty-Fifth Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force: Nova Scotia's Famous Regiment in World War One. Sydney: J. A. Chadwick, 1983. This volume is an odd mix of minutia, personal observations from soldiers, lists, and even poetry. It does, however, have details that would be hard to find elsewhere.

614

Macdonald, Lyn. 1915: The Death of Innocence. New York: Henry Holt, 1995. Macdonald's amazing use of oral sources to provide the soldier's eye view of the war is continued in this volume.

108

The Battles of the B.E.F.

615

Macdonald, Lyn. 1914. New York: Atheneum, 1987. No one outdoes Macdonald in her use of oral sources to recreate the experiences of soldier's in World War I. This volume is the first of a series that covers the entire war.

616

Macdonald, Lyn. 1914-1918: Voices and Images of the Great War. London: Michael Joseph, 1988; rpt. 1991, 1999. Macdonald's collection of eye-witness accounts, photography, poetry, and other comments convey's a sense of the foolishness of World War I and gives a very personal and humane perception of the soldiers who were caught up in it.

617

Macdonald, Lyn. The Roses of No Man's Land. London: Michael Joseph, 1980. Macdonald's evocative descriptions of caring for the wounded and the nurses who did so puts the cold facts of casualty and sickness statistics into a very human context.

618

McEntee, Girard Lindsley. Military History of the World War. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937. McEntee focuses tightly on military operations with clear descriptions of each battle and numerous maps. Unfortunately, he offers very little comment or analysis beyond indicating what did and did not work for the units involved. His bibliography is excellent.

619

McGilchrist, A. M. The Liverpool Scottish, 1900-1919. Liverpool: Henry Young, 1930. McGilchrist effectively describes life in the trenches and makes some comments about tactics. The Liverpool Scottish were only involved in limited combat in 191415, however.

620

MacGill, Patrick. The Great Push London: Herbert Jenkins, 1916. Unusually vivid account of the Battle of Loos by a stretcherbearer.

621

Mackenzie, C. J. Andrew George Latta McNaughton, 1887-1966. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada, 1968. McNaughton was to become one of the more influential figures in the development of artillery doctrine during the war. His biography shows his learning process in the early battles.

622

McKeown, J. D. From Otterpool to the Rhine With the 23rd Battery, Canadian Field Artillery, Via Caestre, St. Eloi, Ypres, The Somme, Vimy, Hill 70, Cinnabar Trench, Passchendaele, Arras, Amiens, Cambria, Valenciennes, Mons. London: Charles and Son, n.d. Very short account of Canadian unit in France.

Annotated Bibliography

109

623

McKinley, Albert E. Collected Materials for the Study of the War. Philadelphia: McKinley Publishing, 1918. The bibliography in this volume is heavily concerned with the early part of the war and dominated by anti-German propaganda.

624

Macmillan, Harold. Winds of Change, 1914-1939. New York: Harper and Row, 1966. Macmillan, a future Prime Minister, was with the King' Royal Rifle Corps in 1914 and the next year the Grenadier Guards. He describes his experiences, including the Battle of Loos at which he was wounded, but offers little overview of the situation.

625

MacMunn, George with A. R. Spurgin. The History of the Sikh Pioneers (23rd, 32nd, and 34th). London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1936. MacMunn tells the story of part of the Indian forces that worked on the Western Front from the end of 1914 through much of 1915.

626

MacNaughtan, S. My War Experiences in Two Continents. London: John Murray, 1919. The author's background as a novelist shows in his account of the fighting in Antwerp and the early days of the war in Flanders.

627

MacPhail, Andrew. In Flanders Fields. Toronto: Briggs, 1919. This book is a biographical sketch of John McCrae, best known for his poem "In Flanders Fields" but also a hero at Second Ypres.

628

MacPhail, Andrew. Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War, 1914-1919: The Medical Services. Ottawa: Canadian Ministry of National Defense, 1925. This volume includes details of the difficulties and heroics of the medical services in helping Canadian soldiers in all of their battles as well as addressing general medical issues.

629

McPherson, William L. A Short History of the Great War. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1920. McPherson provides a narrative history with reasonable amounts of detail about military operations in 1914-15.

630

McPherson, William L. The Strategy of the Great War. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1919. McPherson is quite critical of the leadership on both sides in 1914. He asserts that there was no "miracle" at the Marne, a battle that he perceives, somewhat oddly, as really a French trap that was only partially successful. He minimizes the British contribution. He is more favorable to

110

The Battles of the B.E.F. the British efforts on the Western Front in 1915, noting more effective use of artillery.

631

Macready, Nevil. Annals of an Active Life. 2 Vols. New York: George H. Doran, 1925. As Adjutant-General to Sir John French, Macready handled many aspects of logistics for the B.E.F., and he does a good job in focusing on his own activities rather than writing an overall history of the war. His book is very valuable background for understanding the problems of the first year and a half of the war.

632

McWilliams, James L. and R. James Steel. Gas! The Battle for Ypres, 1915. St. Catherine's, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing, 1985. This description of the Battle of Second Ypres is detailed and thorough.

633

Madelin, Louis. La Victoire de la Marne. Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1916; Translation by Lilly M. Grove: The Victory of the Marne: The Enemy's Onslaught, Order to Stand Firm, the Battle, Immediate Results, Historic Consequences. Paris: A. Colin, 1917. The author, a French staff officer and historian, has briefly outlined the basic events of the battle.

634

Mangin, Général. Des Hommes et des faits. [Men and Events.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1923. Although Mangin's account of the Marne is quite good, he tends to credit the efforts of the B.E.F. to the French under General d'Esperey.

635

Magnus, Philip. Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist. London: John Murray, 1958. Although aging, Magnus's biography remains one of the best. Although sympathetic to Kitchener, he does not fail to criticize commenting for instance on his lack of effective use of a staff and tendency to treat Sir John French as merely a subordinate in the field. He provides a clear and thorough account of Kitchener's involvement in developing the army at home as well as in strategic decisions in France.

636

Mann, Michael. The Regimental History of 1st the Queen's Dragoon Guards. Wilby: The Dragoon Guards, 1993. Mann's long history of the Queen's Dragoon Guards follows elements of the unit on the Western Front.

637

March, Francis A. History of the World War: An Authentic Narrative of the World's Greatest War. Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1918. Although March provides some detailed descriptions of military

Annotated Bibliography

638

111

operations, his pro-Allies biases are so strong that his conclusions cannot be credited. He treats the smallest of British gains as victories, and often comments about German atrocities. Marden, T. O. A Short History of the 6th Division, Aug. 1914-March 1919. London: Hugh Rees, 1920. This very short volume provides a few details and minimal descriptions of battalions of the division.

639

Marling, Percival. Rifleman and Hussar. London: John Murray, 1931; rpt. 1935. Marling served on the Western Front in 1914 as commander of interpreters for Indian troops. He provides some details of life for soldiers and problems for a multilingual force, but few about the fighting.

640

Marshall, S. L. A. World War I. New York: American Heritage, 1964; rpt. 1987. Marshall, a well-known general and historian, does a complete overview of the war but does not focus on the B.E.F. in great detail.

641

Marshall-Cornwall, James. Foch as Military Commander. London: Batsford, 1972. Marshall-Cornwall is critical of Foch in 1914, suggesting that he pushed offensive efforts beyond reason, leading to excessive casualties. By the end of the year he was, however, learning from the British.

642

Marshall-Cornwall, James. Haig as Military Commander. New York: Crane, Russak, 1973. Although he condemns Haig for failing to grasp the end of cavalry's role in combat, Marshall-Cornwall argues that Haig learned in 1914-15 about the need for greatly increased artillery and that he was right in challenging French for overall command.

643

Martin, Arthur Anderson. A Surgeon in Khaki. London: Edward Arnold, 1917. Although his accounts are sometimes superficial, Martin provides details of medical care, especially at the Battles of the Marne and Aisne. Martin served until killed at the Somme in 1916, but his book covers only his service in 1914.

644

Martin, A. G. Mother Country Fatherland: The Story of a British-Born German Soldier. London: Macmillan, 1936. Martin's description of the Western Front ends with the Marne due to being captured by the Germans.

645

Martin, George and Wally. Echoes From Hell: Letters From the Western Front. Hitchin, Hertfordshire: Dodman Press, 1982. This

112

The Battles of the B.E.F. volume, really a pamphlet, contains three letters with information about the Battle of Aubers Ridge.

646

Martin, Stuart. The Story of the Thirteenth Battalion, 1914-1917. Edited by T. G. Roberts. London: Charles and Son for the Canadian War Records Office, 1918. Very short account of a battalion that as part of the Third Brigade was involved in Second Ypres and the struggles in the Ypres Salient in 1915. The volume's limited value arises from its foundation on official sources.

647

Marx, Lieut.-General. Die Marne-Deutschlands Schicksal? [Did the Marne Seal Germany's Fate?] Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1932. Marx surveys the initial campaigns of the war and concludes that Germany simply did not have enough manpower to win in 1914.

648

Masefield, John. The Old Front Line. London: Heinemann, 1917. Masefield shows his skill as a poet in his lyrical descriptions of the Western Front and gives a powerful sense of what the soldiers faced.

649

Masters, John. Fourteen-Eighteen. London: Michael Joseph, 1965. Masters, a successful novelist, provides a heavily illustrated account of the war.

650

Mathies, Otto, Guth, Karl and A. Bunnermann. Geschichte des 3 Oberelsässich Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 80. [Story of the 3 Oberelsässich Field Artillery Regiment No. 80.] Berlin: Stalling, 1928. This regimental history offers accounts the German side in the battles of the B.E.F., including the use of poison gas against the British.

651

Maude, Alan H. Ed. The 47th (London) Division, 1914-1919. London: Amalgamated Press, 1922. This volume has details of the Battles of Festubert and Loos, including some vignettes of heroics by members of the Division. The discussion of learning the use of gas for Loos is particularly notable.

652

Maunsell, E. B. Prince of Wales Own, The Scinde Horse. Published Privately by the Regimental Committee, 1926. Although the accounts of life at the front in this volume are more detailed and interesting than those of combat, some description of Festubert, Neuve Chapelle and Ypres is included. Maunsell is critical of British officers who treated war as a game and got men killed unnecessarily.

Annotated Bibliography

113

653

Maurice, Frederick. Forty Days in 1914. New York: George D. Doran, 1919. Maurice attempts to piece together the movements of the Germans during the retreat from Mons and thus to deduce their plans. Written without access to German records, this book includes a great deal of speculation. He credits the B.E.F. with saving the French 5th Army and preventing the Germans from rolling up the French line.

654

Maurice, Frederick. The History of the London Rifle Brigade, 1859-1919. London: Constable, 1921. Maurice's work as regimental historian is better than most.

655

Maurice, Frederick. Lessons of Allied Co-operation: Naval, Military and Air 1914-1918. London: Oxford University Press, 1942. Although not focused on the B.E.F. particularly and heavily based on the British official histories, this volume offers some interesting perspectives on the relationships of the Allies.

656

Maurice, Frederick. The 16th Foot: A History of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment. London: Constable, 1930. Though the section about World War I is brief, Maruice does outline the regiment's efforts as part of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

657

Maurice, Frederick. Soldier, Artist, Sportsman: The Life of General Lord Rawlinson of Trent. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1928. Rawlinson, already a major-general in 1914, was initially assigned to the War Office when the war broke out. In midSeptember he was given command first of the Forth Division and then of IV Corps, though he missed the initial battles of the B.E.F. In 1915 he was involved in the planning of the Battles of Neuve Chapelle and Loos. Maurice's account of his subject's activities is thorough though sometimes overly sympathetic.

658

Maxwell, Frank. VC: A Memoir and Some Letters. Edited by His Wife. London: John Murray, 1921. Personal comments and narrative make this volume significant.

659

Mayer, S.L., and W. J. Koenig. The Two World Wars: A Guide to the Manuscript Collections in the United Kingdom. London: Booker, 1976. Despite some gaps this is an excellent reference for manuscript sources held by museums and archives, large and small, public and private.

660

Mead, Peter. The Eye in the Air: History of Air Observation and Reconnaissance for the Army, 1785-1945. London: Her

114

The Battles of the B.E.F. Majesty's Stationery Office, 1983. Even very early in the war the airplane was proving itself a valuable observation platform. Mead illustrates this by showing that poor weather before Aubers Ridge limited aerial observation and thus limited the success of the artillery with the result that the attack failed.

661

Menzel, E. La verité sur l'evacuation d'Anvers en 1914. [The Truth about the Evacuation of Antwerp in 1914.] Bruges: Desclée de Brouwer et Cie, n.d. Menzel suggests that the British overreacted to the situation when, at the urging of Churchill, they sent help to Antwerp.

662

Merewether, J. W. B. and Frederick Smith. The Indian Corps in France. London: John Murray, 1917. Although popular in style, this volume does provide details of units and individuals in action at 1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, Givenchy, 2nd Ypres, and Loos.

663

Mermeix. Le Commandement Unique. [Unity of Command.] 2 Vols. Paris: Ollendorff, 1920. The author, who believes that unity of command on the Western Front was badly needed, believes that John French was overly independent until pressure from Kitchener led him, after the battle of the Marne, to be more cooperative with his allies. He also suggests that the influence of the French general Foch became more and more dominant over the Englishman. When Haig took command, independence again became a problem, but Mermeix accepts the fact that by the time of Haig's promotion the B.E.F. was much more significant and had more claim on independence.

664

Messenger, Charles. Trench Fighting 1914-1918. New York: Ballentine Books, 1972. Thanks to numerous illustrations, this volume is an effective introduction to the situation of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

665

Michelin. Battle-Fields of the Marne (1914). Clermont-Ferrand, Michelin, 1919. This volume, part of a series of travel guides, provides historical and geographical information about the region of the covered.

666

Michelin. Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1914-1918. London: Michelin, 1919. One of the Michelin travel guides, this volume is informative and well illustrated. It is a good introduction to the battle areas.

667

Micholls, G. A History of the 17th Lancers, 1895-1924. London:

Annotated Bibliography

115

Macmillan, 1931. The 17th was heroic at Festubert. 668

Middleton, Edgar. The Great War in the Air. 4 Vols. London: Waverley, 1920. Middleton provides extensive coverage of the air war and makes clear the significance of air power from the beginning of the conflict.

669

Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt. Handbuch zur deutschen Militärgeschichte. [Handbook of German Military History.] 5 Vols. Munich: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1979. This set of reference books has dramatic but accurate descriptions of the 1914-15 battles fought by the B.E.F. from the German perspective.

670

Miquel, Pierre. Les Hommes de la Grande Guerre: Histoires vraies. [The Men of the Great War: True Histories.] NP: Marabout, n.d. Miquel describes the battles in which the B.E.F. fought in 1914-15, especially the Marne, but his interest is more the French than the British.

671

Mitchell, T. J., and G. M. Smith. Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War: Official Medical History of the War. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1931. This is a useful collection of information, but John Terraine argues forcefully that the casualty numbers are not reliable.

672

Mole, W. R. Ed. Historical Record of the 4th Battalion 16th Punjab Regiment. Privately Published, n.d. Mole includes accounts of the unit at Neuve Chapelle, Festubert and Second Ypres.

673

Molesworth, G. N. Ed. A Soldier's War: Being the Diary of the Late Arthur Henry Cook, D.C.M., M.M., B.E.M., Written During Four Years' Service With the 1st Battalion, The Somerset Light Infantry, on the Western Front, France, During the Great War, 1914-18. Taunton: E. Goodman and Son, n.d. Molesworth's unit was with the 11th Brigade in the 4th Division in the initial campaigns of the war.

674

Molony, C. V. "Invicta ": With the First Battalion the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment in the Great War. London: Nisbet, 1923. Drawn from the author's and other soldier's diaries the accounts in this volume vary in quality but often include useful first-hand details. Most of the battles of 1914-15 are covered, but the description of the battalion's stand at Neuve Chapelle is particularly good.

116

The Battles of the B.E.F.

675

Moltke, Helmut von. Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877-1916. [Memories, Letters, Documents 1877-1916.] Stuttgart: Der Kommende Tag, 1922. The German high commander's comments (often privately to his wife) offer some insight into German operations and decision making.

676

Money, R. R. Flying and Soldiering. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson, 1936. Money was involved in the Loos campaign and provides personal observations of the involvement of British air forces.

677

Montague, C. E. Disenchantment. London: Chatto & Windus, 1922; rpt. 1928, 1940, 1968, 1978. These ruminations offer some perspective concerning attitudes toward the war but relatively little about specific operations.

678

[Montague-Marsden, Maurice Arthur.] A Short History of Captured Guns, The Great European War, 1914-1918. The British Columbia Regiment (7th Bn., C. E. F.). The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada (72nd Bn., C. E. F.). Vancouver: Anderson Printing, n.d. As part of the Second Brigade, the Seventh Battalion was active in the Ypres Salient from the early part of 1915.

679

Montgomery, B. L. The Memoirs of Field-Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein. London: Collins, 1958. Montgomery fought on the Western Front, especially at Le Cateau, and was wounded late in 1914. His account here is unfortunately quite brief.

680

Montgomery-Cunninghame, Thomas. Dusty Measure: A Record of Troubled Times. London: John Murray, 1939. The author includes a brief account of British and French headquarters in the first months of the war, before he was sent to the East, where he spent the rest of the conflict.

681

Moody, R. S. H. Historical Records of the Buffs East Kent regiment (3rd Foot) Formerly Designated the Holland Regiment and Prince George of Denmark’s Regiment, 1914-1919. London: Medici Society, 1922. Although the author’s choice of organizing by battalion results in information about particular battles being scattered, he does provide a narrowly focused but detailed description, especially of Second Ypres.

682

Moore, W. Notes on the Operations of the British Expeditionary Force, August 22nd to September 9, 1914. N.P.:N.P., n.d. Provides a

Annotated Bibliography

117

detailed account of the tactics in the first days of the war and includes some effort to show how plans failed or succeeded. Moore's book is a good introduction to the early tactics of the B.E.F. 683

Moore, William. Gas Attack! Chemical Warfare 1915-18 and Afterwards. London: Leo Cooper, 1987. Although lacking in scholarly support, Moore's account of chemical warfare is comprehensive and makes clear the importance of chemical weapons throughout the conflict.

684

Moorehead, Alan. Montgomery: A Biography. New York: CowardMcCann, 1946. Moorehead provides a brief chapter concerning Montgomery in combat in 1914 (Le Cateau) and being wounded late in the year.

685

Moorhouse, Brendon. Forged by Fire: The Battle Tactics and Soldiers of a WWI Battalion, The 7th Somerset Light Infantry. Spellmount, 2003. Moorhouse shows the evolution of the B.E.F. from a small professional force to a large-scale conscripted army. The trends identifiable during the early months of fighting come to fruition by the time of victory.

686

Mordacq, H. Général. Le drame de l'Yser: la surprise des gaz (avril, 1915). [The Drama of the Yser: The Surprise of Gas (April, 1915)] Paris: Éditions des Portiques, 1933. Mordacq's description of the impact of poison gas is very effective, but his focus is more on the French experience than that of the B.E.F.

687

Morgan, Frederick. Peace and War: A Soldier's Life. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1961. Morgan was with the Lahore Division artillery and describes the battles of Neuve Chapelle and 2nd Ypres at which being in an explosion forced him to staff duties for the rest of the war.

688

Morgan, J. H. Leaves from a Field Note-Book. London: Macmillan, 1916. This personal narrative has a powerful description of Second Ypres.

689

Morrow, John H., Jr. The Great War in the Air: Military Aviation from 1909 to 1921. Washington: Smithsonian, 1993. Although Morrow discusses the tactical importance of aviation, his main focus is on technological development.

690

Morton, Desmond.

"A Canadian Soldier in the Great War:

The

118

The Battles of the B.E.F. Experiences of Frank Maheux." Canadian Military History 1 (1992): 79-89. Maheux's letters, which provide the basis for this article, offer a crude but powerful portrayal of the Western Front in 1915.

691

Morton, Desmond. When Your Number's Up: The Canadian Soldier in the First World War. Toronto: Random House, 1993. Although mostly valuable for background, Morton does draw examples from the 1915 battles in which Canadians fought.

692

Morton, Desmond and J. L. Granatstein. Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War 1914-1919. Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1989. The coverage of military activity in this volume is relatively brief but well-illustrated.

693

Moser, Otto von. Ernsthafte Plauderein über den Weltkrieg. [Serious Talk About the World War.] Stuttgart: Belser, 1924. Moser argues that the Germans should have been more innovative in 1914, especially as the Schlieffen Plan began to break down. Then in 1915 their focus should have been the British.

694

Moser, Otto von. Kürzer strategischer Überblick über den Weltkrieg. [A Short Strategic Overview of the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1921. Moser comments extensively about battles against the B.E.F. arguing that the Germans were too cautious after the Marne and that they should have put all possible effort against the British, the greatest enemy, in 1915.

695

Moser, Otto von. Die Württemberger in Weltkrieg. [The Wurttembergers in the World War.] Stuttgart: Belser, n.d. Moser includes some discussion of the 54th Reserve Division at First Ypres.

696

Mottram, R. H., John Easton, and Eric Partridge. Three Personal Records of the War. London: Scholartis Press, 1929. These accounts include detailed descriptions of the Ypres Salient in 1915 and the Battle of Loos.

697

Moyer, Laurence V. Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War: 1914-1918. New York: Hippocrene, 1995. Although more political and social than military history, this volume provides excellent background to the German situation during the war and makes military strategies and tactics easier to understand.

698

Moynihan, Michael. Ed. People at War, 1914-1918. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1973. This collection drawn from the

Annotated Bibliography

119

Imperial War Museum and from responses to a request in the Sunday Times, is poignant at times and gives a sense of personal response to the war, but it lacks context. 699

Moynihan, Michael. Ed. A Place Called Armageddon: Letters From the Great War. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1975. The letters, all written by private soldiers, in this volume are useful for individual details but must be set into context to have much value for historical analysis. Of the early battles, only Loos gets much individual attention.

700

Muller, Commandant Joffre et la Marne. [Joffre and the Marne.] Paris: Crès, 1931. The author examines the French commander-inchief and his decisions that led the B.E.F. into the Battle of the Marne.

701

Muller-Loebnitz, Lieut.-Col. Die Sendung des Oberstleutnants Hentsch. [The Mission of the Lieutenant-Colonel Hentsch.] Berlin: Mittler, 1922. This short work was prepared for the Reichsarchiv but ruled too long for inclusion in the official historical publication. Hentsch's decisions as the representative of Moltke began the change in German operations that opened the way for the Franco-British counter thrust that became the Battle of the Marne. More of Hentsch's own report can be found here than in other sources.

702

Müller-Loebnitz, Wilhelm von. Der Wendepunkt des Weltkrieges. [The Turning Point of the World War.] Berlin: Mittler, 1921. The author agrees with many British and French authors that the Battle of the Marne was the turning point of the war.

703

Munro, Jon S. Youth of Yesteryear: Campaigns, Battles, Service and Exploits of the Glasgow Territorials in the Last Great War. London: William Hodge, 1939. Munro has brief accounts of the activities and battles of the B.E.F. from November, 1914, through 1915.

704

Munro, Jack. A Dog Story of the Princess "Pats": Mopping Up! Through the Eyes of Bobbie Burns, Regimental Mascot. New York: H. K. Fly, 1918. Although initially told as if written by the regiment's pet dog, this memoir is actually a quite wellwritten narrative of the members of the unit and their experiences until June, 1915, when the author was invalided home.

705

Murphy, C. R. R. The History of the Suffolk Regiment, 1914-1927.

120

The Battles of the B.E.F. London: Hutchinson, 1928. Murphy's brief accounts of battalions in action includes details but little context.

706

Murray, A. M. The "Fortnightly" History of the War. London: Chapman and Hall, 1916. Developed from the author's articles in the Fortnightly Review, this volume provides a readable but journalistic description of the B.E.F.'s battles.

707

Murray, W. W. The History of the 2nd Canadian Battalion (East Ontario Regiment) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914-1919. Ottawa: Historical Committee, 2nd Battalion, C. E. F., 1947. Part of the First Brigade, the Second Battalion, described in this volume, was part of the First Canadian Division that was in France by early 1915 and involved in Second Ypres.

708

Nasmith, George. Canada's Sons and Great Britain in the World War. Toronto: John C. Winston, 1919. Nasmith was with the original C.E.F., and his book is based on personal observation. Unfortunately, he allows his nationalist sentiments to color his commentary.

709

Nasmith, George G. On the Fringe of the Great Fight. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart, 1917. The author, who did laboratory work behind the lines, describes the problems of sanitation and impact of poison gas.

710

Neillands, Robin. The Great War Generals on the Western Front. London: Robinson, 1998. Although Neillands starts with a declaration of strong revisionism regarding criticisms of generals in World War I, the body of his book is quite even-handed criticizing and defending as seems appropriate. Unfortunately his bibliography does not suggest a very strong basis for comment on the leadership of any army other than the British.

711

Neuburg, Victor E. A Guide to the Western Front: A Companion for Travellers. London: Penguin, 1988. Guidebooks such as this give a very good sense of the geography of the Western Front.

712

Neumann, Georg Paul. Ed. Die Deutschen Luftreitkräfte im Weltkriege. Berlin: Mittler, 1920; Translation: The German Air Force in the Great War. Translated by J. E. Gurdon. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1920; rpt. 1969. Neumann's work is one of the most important studies of German air power and follows that arm from the early battles on to the end of the war. The English translation, it is significantly reduced from the German original.

Annotated Bibliography

121

713

Nevinson, Henry W. Last Changes Last Chances. London: Nisbet, 1928. Nevinson sketches the situation on the British front in 1914 from personal observations.

714

Newman, Bernard and I. O. Evans. Anthology of Armageddon. London: Greehill Books/ California: Presidio Press, 1985. This collection of accounts of combat includes descriptions of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

715

Newton, W. Douglas. The Undying Story: The Work of the British Expeditionary Force on the Continent from Mons, August 23rd, 1914, to Ypres, November 15th, 1914. London: Jarold & Sons, 1915. Provides a popular, descriptive account of the first battles of the B.E.F.

716

Nicolson, G. W. L. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: The Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918. Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1962. This work, the Canadian Official History, is extensive and detailed.

717

Nicolson, Lothian and MacMullen, H. T. History of the East Lancashire Regiment in the Great War, 1914-1918. Liverpool: Littlebury Bros., 1936. The wartime activities of some eighteen battalions are covered in this book. Although almost every battle of the B.E.F. is included, getting a full picture requires piecing bits of the story together from various parts of the text. The details provided are, however, clear and striking.

718

Nicolson, Nigel. Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis. New York: Atheneum, 1973. Nicolson attempts to show the events of Mons, the Aisne, 1st Ypres, and especially Loos as Alexander would have perceived them. He hopes to show a young officer learning to be a soldier, and in doing so, provides such a young man's perspective of the B.E.F.

719

Nieman, Johannes. Das Königlich-Sächsische Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 133 im Weltkrieg. [The Royal Saxon Infantry Regiment No. 133 in the World War.] Hamburg-Grossflottbek: NP, 1969. Nieman describes battle versus the B.E.F. and gas attacks on the British forces in 1915.

720

Noftsinger, James Philip. World War I Aviation: A Bibliography of Books in English, French, German, and Italian. Rev. Ed. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, 1997. This valuable reference book has much to offer concerning the B.E.F.'s use of the air arm.

122

The Battles of the B.E.F. Unfortunately the index does not help with identifying references that include particular battles.

721

Norris, Geoffrey. The Royal Flying Corps: A History. London: Frederick Muller, 1965. Norris's monograph is thorough and shows the importance of the R.F.C. in the first years of the war.

722

Oatts, L. B. Emperor's Chambermaids: History of the 14th/20th King's Hussars. London: Ward Locke, 1973. Includes accounts of units involved in several of the B.E.F.'s battles in 1914-15, especially Mons, the Marne, and First Ypres.

723

Oatts, L. B. Proud Heritage. The Story of the Highland Light Infantry, 1882-1918. 4 Vols. London: Thomas Nelson, 195359/Glasgow: House of Grant, 1961-63. Oatts describes the activity of regimental battalions starting at Mons and continuing through the German withdrawal to the Hindenburg Line.

724

Occleshaw, Michael. Armour Against Fate: British Military Intelligence in the First World War. London: Columbus Books, 1989. Intelligence was a difficult problem from the beginning of the war. Occleshaw's book is a valuable contribution on the subject of intelligence, but he fails to tie his information to particular strategic and/or tactical situations. The latter will make the book frustrating to many scholars.

725

Officers of the Battalion. "The Robin Hoods," 1/7 th, 2/7th &3/7 Battns., Sherwood Foresters, 1914-1918. Nottingham: J. & H. Bell, 1921. Portrayals of trench life and fighting in this book are quite detailed. None of the major battles of 1914-15 is included, however.

726

Omissi, David. Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' Letters 19141918. London: Macmillan, 1999. Letters written by Indian soldiers in France between late 1914 and late 1915 are presented in this volume.

727

Ommanney, C. H. The War History of the 1st Northumbrian Brigade R. F. A. (T. F.). Newcastle-on-Tyne: Hindson, 1927. This unit arrived in France in April, 1915, and was involved with the B.E.F. for the rest of the year.

728

On the Road From Mons With an Army Service Corps Train. London: Hurst & Blackett, 1916. This is an eye-witness account of logistical problems by the commander of the 19th Infantry

Annotated Bibliography

123

Brigade Train. 729

On the Western Front (1st/3rd Battalion Monmouthshire Regiment). Abergavenny: Seargeant Bro.s, 1926. This battalion took the brunt of the attack at Second Ypres. Its losses were such that by 1916 it was disbanded.

730

O'Neill, H. C. The Royal Fusiliers in the Great War. London: William Heinemann, 1922. O'Neill follows the battalions of the Royal Fusiliers through all of the major battles of the B.E.F., and although episodic his coverage is reasonable.

731

Osburn, Arthur. Unwilling Passenger. London: Faber & Faber, 1932. Osburn was an RAMC doctor, and his eloquent account of the difficulties in caring for casualties in the first years of the war offers insight into the suffering of the men as well as the evolution of the RAMC in the heat of modern war.

732

Otto, Helmut, Karl Schmiedel, and Helmut Schnitter, Der erste Weltkrieg. [The First World War.] Berlin: Beutscher Militärverlag, 1968. This thorough survey devotes significant attention to military operations.

733

Owen, Edward. 1914: Glory Departing. London: Buchan & Enright, 1986. Although his account is often superficial, Owen provides a clear description of the B.E.F.'s activities in the first months of the war.

734

Page, Christopher. Command in the Royal Naval Division: A Military Biography of Brigadier General A. M. Asquith, DSO. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1999. Page includes a sketch of the Royal Naval Division at Antwerp in 1914. Asquith was not otherwise involved on the Western Front at that time.

735

Palat, B. E. [Pierre Lehautcourt.] La Grande Guerre sur le front occidental. [The Western Front in the Great war.] 15 Vols. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1917-30. Palat's work is as thorough and detailed but much more readable than the French Official History. His account of the early battles shows the problems and effectiveness of Anglo-French cooperation.

736

Palat, Général. [Pierre Lehautcourt.] La part de Foch dans la Victoire. [The Part of Foch in the Victory.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1930. Palat includes a discussion of Foch's efforts to relate to and cooperate with the British.

124

The Battles of the B.E.F.

737

Palazzo, Albert. Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. Palazzo establishes that the British used poison gas much more commonly than has usually been suggested, and uses the development of this weapon as a paradigm for the growth of technological sophistication that resulted in victory. Early in the war gas was intended to have a major role at the Battle of Loos, and despite failing the high command realized its potential. Palazzo's work is meticulously researched, and his prose is easy to read.

738

Panichas, George A. Ed. The Promise of Greatness: The War of 19141918. London: Cassell, 1968. This collection of essays is, at times powerful and moving, and provides fine descriptions of the war. The lack of an index, however, limits is use for specific topics.

739

Parker, Ernest. Into Battle: A Seventeen-Year-Old Joins Kitchener's Army. London: Longmans Green, 1964; rpt. 1994. Parker arrived in France late in 1914. His powers of description are unusual for a teenager (and may have been improved before publication), and his depictions of the Western Front and combat are powerful.

740

Parkinson, Roger. Tormented Warrior: Ludendorff and the Supreme Command. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1978. Although commanding on the Eastern Front for the early years of the war, Ludendorffs influence was already felt on strategic policy. Parkinson's description is readable and informative.

741

Parks, Edwin. Diex Aïx: The Guernseymen Who Marched Away, 19141918. Candie Gardens, Gurnsey: Guernsey Museums & Galleries, 1992. This is the sort of book that is of most value to those seeking very specific and detailed information. It does provide some details about the B.E.F. in 1915, however.

742

Parkyn,H. G. A Short History of the 16th/5th Lancers. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. In a very short account, Parkyn provides a few details of action in 1914-15 when the 16th/5th was part of Gough's cavalry brigade.

743

Peat, Harold R. Private Peat. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1917. Peat describes his experiences with the Canadian forces in the Ypres Salient in 1915.

Annotated Bibliography

125

744

Pennyman, J. B. W. Diary of Lieut. J. B. W. Pennyman, August 4th to October 1st, 1914. Middlebrough: Jordison, 1915. Pennyman, a machine gun officer with the K. O. S. B., describes the battles of Mons, Le Cateau, and the Aisne, where he was wounded and invalided home.

745

Penrose, John. "Survey for Batteries." Journal of the Royal Artillery 49 (1922-23): 253-70. This study of the process for aiming does not discuss specific battles but gives very illuminating information about the technical elements in the use of artillery that was central to fighting on the Western Front.

746

Perreau, Commandant. Victoire chère et paix des dupes: précis historique de la grande guerre, 1914-1919. [Costly Victory and Foolish Peace: A Concise history of the Great War, 1914-1919.] 2 Vols. Paris: Catin, 1921-23. Although the military history in this volume is adequate, the British effort is slighted.

747

Perris, G. H. The Campaign of 1914 in France & Belgium. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1915. Perris' account is detailed and despite some lack of perspective, he makes an effort to set events into context.

748

Perris, George Herbert. The Battle of the Marne. London: Methuen, 1920. Perris, who was The Daily Chronicle's correspondent with the French Armies during the war, includes much detail, but is limited by the lack of sources available when he wrote.

749

Peteau, A. Aperçu Historique sur les mouvements et operations des Corps et Divisions de Cavalerie en liaison avec les Armées 1914-1918. [History of the Movements and Operations of the Cavalry Corps and Divisions with the Armies of 1914-1918.] 2 Vols. Liége: Vaillant-Carmanne, n.d. Peteau's discussion of incidents concerning the B.E.F. is limited. He notes with some detail the support provided by Sordet's cavalry on the British left at Le Cateau, but merely acknowledges the advantage to the Germans when de Mitry's Corps retreated leaving Haig's forces uncovered at Ypres in October, 1914.

750

Petre, F. Lorraine. The History of the Norfolk Regiment, 1685-1919. 2 Vols. Norwich: Jarrold & Sons/The Empire Press, n.d. Petre provides short factual accounts of the Norfolks at Mons, Le Cateau, the Marne, the Aisne, La Bassée, and Ypres.

751

Petre, F. Lorraine, Wilfrid Ewart, and Cecil Lowther. The Scots Guards

126

The Battles of the B.E.F. in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: John Murray, 1925. Scots Guards were at the Aisne, 1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos. The authors provide descriptions of the tactical situations but do not look beyond that.

752

Philpott, William J. Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the Western Front, 1914-1918. Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996. The British and French were not always on particularly good terms in l914-15 as they worked out the basis for coalition warfare. Philpott's meticulous and thoughtful analysis of their efforts clarifies the situation and shows the evolution of the relationship.

753

Piers, Charles. "A Corps in the Making: The Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919." Army Quarterly 3 (1921-22): 36-46. Although brief, this overview does allow the reader to follow the actions of the CEF.

754

Platoon Commander. [Mills, Arthur Frederick Hobart.] With My Regiment, From the Aisne to La Bassée. London: William Heinemann, 1915. The author makes his disaffection for the war in general quite clear, but his descriptions of problems and horrors are effective.

755

Poincaré, Raymond. Au service de la France. 7 Vols. Paris: Plon, 1926-33; Translated and adapted as The Memoirs of Raymond Poincaré by George Arthur. New York: Doubleday, nd; rpt. 1975. The memoirs of the French president are an important source for understanding French politics during the war and thus significant for questions concerning the problems of coalition warfare for the B.E.F. Poincaré does not always have the facts about the B.E.F. correct, however.

756

Pollard, A. F. A Short History of the Great War. London: Methuen, 1920. This well-written if brief volume by a very good historian offers significant critical comment along with a narrative history.

757

Pollard, Hugh B. C. The Story of Ypres. New York: Robert M. McBride, 1917. Although his account of military activity is quite brief, Pollard presents an elaborate description of conditions in the town of Ypres and the area around it during the war.

758

Pomeroy, Ralph Legge. The Story of a Regiment of Horse (5th Princess of Wales's Dragoon Guards) 1685-1922. 2 Vols. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & Sons, 1924. The 5th Dragoon Guards

Annotated Bibliography

127

fought in a number of the early B.E.F. battles including Mons, Le Cateau, and the Marne. Pomeroy's account follows them in some detail. 759

Ponsonby, Frederick. The Grenadier Guards in the Great War of 19141919. 3 Vols. London: Macmillan, 1920. Ponsonby does a better job than most unit historians about setting the details of his story into context. He includes all of the major battles of the B.E.F.

760

Poseck, M. von. Die Deutsche Kavallerie in Belgien und Frankreich 1914, Berlin: E. S. Mittler und Sohn, 1921. Translation by Gordon Gordon-Smith and Anton Y. Hesse: The German Cavalry 1914 in Belgium and France. Edited by Jerome W. Howe. Berlin: E. S. Mittler und sohn, 1923. The battles of 1914 involved more maneuver than any after until 1918, and cavalry played an important role. The B.E.F. encountered German horsemen on a number of occasions, and Poseck helps the student trace those forces.

761

Pound, Reginald. The Lost Generation of 1914. London: Constable, 1964. Pound's focus is the creative and/or scholarly youth killed in the early battles, but he does comment on the impact of those battles.

762

Powell, G. The Green Howards. London: Hamilton, 1968; rpt. 1983. Green Howard units fought in a number of the early battles of the war and distinguished themselves at Ypres in 1914 and 1915. Powell's account is, however, limited.

763

Powell, Geoffrey. Plumer: The Soldiers' General: A Biography of Field-Marshal Viscount Plumer of Messines. London: Leo Cooper, 1990. Plumer was more inclined to limit attacks and thus casualties than most B.E.F. generals. Powell's account is sympathetic but generally effective and well-researched.

764

Prideaux, G. A. A Soldier's Diary of the Great War, 1914-1917. London: Chiswick Press, 1918. Prideaux's letters contain much information about life in the trenches and his experiences as part of the B.E.F. He does not focus on specific battles extensively.

765

Priestley, R. E. "The Evolution of Intercommunication in France, 19141918." The Royal Engineers Journal 23 (Dec, 1921): 269-75. Priestley's comments about the initial system of field telegraphs and dispatch riders used by the B.E.F. help make clear the

128

The Battles of the B.E.F. problems of combat in the first years of the war.

766

Priestley, R. E. The Signal Service in the European War of 1914 to 1918 (France). Chatham: Mackay, 1921. Part of the official history of the Royal Engineering Corps, this volume provides important background on the problems of communications that dogged every operation on the Western Front.

767

Prior, Robin and Trevor Wilson. Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914-1918. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1992. Rawlinson's involvement in the war really began with the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, and from that point on Prior and Wilson provide an illuminating analysis of command problems as the British learned about the nature of modern war.

768

Prior, Robin and Trevor Wilson. The First World War. London: Cassell, 1999. This heavily illustrated survey shows the evolution of the war in strategy, tactics, and technology. Its emphasis on the evolution of technology as central to the outcome of the war supports an interpretation the authors' prior work has done much to establish.

769

Puaux, René. Marshal Foch: His Life, His Work, His Faith. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1918. Although the B.E.F.'s efforts are noted, Foch is clearly the hero of this book and nothing is allowed to dim his limelight.

770

Puleston, William Dilworth. High Command in the World War. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934. Puleston is critical of French for his mercurial nature, and asserts that the British role at the Marne, which he calls Joffre's trap, was much less significant that is usually reported. His comments about the B.E.F. are relatively brief.

771

Purdom, C. B. Ed. Everyman at War; Sixty Personal Narratives of the War. London: J. M. Dent, 1930. This collection of short essays portrays the experiences of individual soldiers.

772

Rae, Herbert. [Gibson, George Herbert Rae.] Maple Leaves in Flanders Fields. London: Smith Elder, 1916. Although names have been changed, this volume is an account by a medical man of the Seventh Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force which was active in the Ypres Salient from early 1915.

Annotated Bibliography

129

773

Raimes, A. L. The Fifth Battalion The Durham Light Infantry, 19141918. Privately Published, n.d. The Fifth Battalion of the Durhams reached France in April, 1915, in time to participate at Second Ypres.

774

Raleigh, Walter, and H. A. Jones. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: The War in the Air. 6 Vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922-37. Although the number of British aviators was small at the beginning of the war, they proved their enormous value as observers and artillery spotters from the very first campaigns. The authors, in one of the best Official Histories, do an excellent job of describing the evolution of military aviation during the war.

775

Rattray, M. J. 107th Field Company, R.E. Darlington: Wm. Dresser and Sons, 1920. The 107th was with the B.E.F. for several months at the end of 1915, and Rattray describes the unit's experiences.

776

Rawling, Bill. Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914-1918. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. Rawling is impressed with the ultimate sophistication of Canadian forces in the new technological warfare. He discusses the early battles as part of the learning process.

777

Rawlinson, A. Adventures on the Western Front, August 1914 to June 1915. London: Andrew Melrose, 1925. The author, brother to General Henry Rawlinson, went as a volunteer with his own car to serve on the Lines of Communication. He was at times in combat zones, and mounted a machine gun on the car and used it.

778

Rawlinson, H. G. Napier's Rifles: The History of the 5th Battalion 6th Rajputahna Rifles. NP: Humphrey Milford/Oxford University Press, 1929. Provides a brief account of the battle of Givenchy, but the unit did not spend much time on the Western Front.

779

Recouly, Raymond. Histoire de la grande guerre, 1914-1918. [History of the Great War, 1914-1918.] Paris: Les Èditions de France, 1934. Although he has a clear French bias, Recouly does recount the events of 1914-15 in which the B.E.F. was involved.

780

Recouly, Raymond. Joffre. Paris: Les Éditons des portiques, 1931. Joffre, the supreme French commander, was so significant in the development of the situation on the Western Front that even an overly pro-French account such as Recouly's makes a

130

The Battles of the B.E.F. contribution to the study of the B.E.F.'s involvement.

781

Recouly, Raymond. Marshal Foch: His Own Words on Many Subjects. Translated by Joyce Davis. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1929. This volume is valuable mostly as a source of comments by Foch, including remarks about the B.E.F. and the Marne.

782

Regimental Committee. History of the East Lancashire Regiment in the Great War 1914-1918. Liverpool: Libbleburg Brothers, 1936. Although useful for details of the B.E.F. in 1914-15, this volume offers little context.

783

Regimental History Committee. History of the Dorsetshire Regiment, 1914-1919. Dorcester: Henry Ling, n.d. The authors of this volume include some skilled historians such as C. H. Dudley Ward. It includes detailed descriptions of many of the B.E.F.'s battles in 1914 and 1915. The focus is, however, quite narrow.

784

Regimental Officers. Das Fusilier-Regiment Prinz Heinrich von Preussen (Brandenburgisches) No. 35 im Weltkrieg. [The 35th Fusilier Regiment of Prince Heinrich of Prussia (Brandenburgers).] Berlin: Kolk, 1930. This unit was in the 6th Division in the First Army in 1914.

785

Reicharchiv. Erinnerungsblätter deutscher Regimenter. Auszüge aus den Amtlichen Kriegtagebüchern. [Memorial Leaves of German Regiments. Extracts From Official War Diaries.] 15 Vols. Oldenburg: Stalling, 1920. This collection offers examples of numerous German units' activity. It helps flesh out the German side of the situation.

786

Reid, Brian Holden. "Major-General J. F. C. Fuller and the Decline of Generalship: The Lessons of 1914-18." In Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War. Edited by Michael Dockrill and David French. London: The Hambledon Press, 1996. Reid's focus is Fuller's book Generalship: Its Diseases and Their Cure (1933). He argues that Fuller's condemnation of Haig is overdone, especially since Fuller goes so far as to hint that Haig might have been too cowardly to go to the front.

787

Reid, Gordon. Ed. Poor Bloody Murder: Personal Memoirs of the First World War. Oakville: Mosaic Press, 1980. Includes personal accounts of Canadians on the Western Front.

Annotated Bibliography

131

788

Reinhardt, Ernst. Ed. Das Württembergische Reserve-Inf.-Regiment Nr. 248 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918. [The 248th Württemberg Reserve Infantry Regiment in the World War 1914-1918.] Stuttgart: Belser, 1924. The 248th Regiment was among the German units that battled the B.E.F. and was involved in gas attacks against the British.

789

Repington, Charles à Court. The First World War, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. London: Constable, 1920. Repington, correspondent for The Times and a veteran, seems more interested in showing his own involvement with powerful people than in detailing the war. Nonetheless he does include details and observations worth attention.

790

Revell, Alex. Victoria Cross: WWI Airmen and Their Aircraft. NP: Flying Machines Press, 1997. Among the nineteen airmen whose biographies are sketched by Revell are several who fought over the B.E.F.'s trenches in 1914-15. The accounts are superficial, but the numerous illustrations add value.

791

Reynolds, Francis Joseph. The Story of the Great War. 16 Vols. New York: P. F. Collier and Son. 1915-20. Although a complete history, these volumes were completed rapidly and are more journalism than history.

792

Richards, Frank. Old Soldiers Never Die. London: Faber and Faber, 1933; rpt. 1966, 1983. Richards was a private with the 2nd Royal Welch Fusiliers. His account of Le Cateau, among the early battles, is particularly vivid.

793

Richards, John. Ed. Wales on the Western Front. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994. Richards' collection of Welshmen's comments includes descriptions of Loos, 2nd Ypres, and Le Cateau.

794

Richards, R. The Story of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 1914-1917. London: Charles and Son, For Canadian War Records, 1918. Although based on official records, this very short account has little not available from numerous other sources.

795

Richter, Donald. Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War I. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1992. Richter tells the story of the development of the British Special Brigade, which was responsible for the use of poison gas. He tends to emphasize

132

The Battles of the B.E.F. the problems rather than the successes of gas warfare.

796

Richter, Donald C. ed. Lionel Sotheby's Great War: Diaries and Letters from the Western Front. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1997. Sotheby crossed to France as a young lieutenant at the very end of 1914 and survived almost ten months. His accounts of life on the Western Front in 1915 are vivid and make clear how difficult a situation the soldiers faced.

797

Rickard, Mrs. Victor. The Story of the Munsters at Etraux, Festubert, Rue de Bois and Hulloch. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1918. Rickard provides details of the 2nd Royal Munster Fusiliers, who were badly battered during the early fighting.

798

Riddell, E. and M. C. Clayton. The Cambridgeshires 1914 to 1919. Cambridge: Bowes and Bowes for the Cambridgeshire Regiment, 1934. Although the Cambridgeshires arrived in France in 1915, they were not engaged in any major attacks during the year. Their history does, however, provide information about the situation in the trenches.

799

Riddle, David K. and Donald G. Mitchell. The Distinguished Service Order Awarded to Members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and Canadians in the Royal Naval Air Service, the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force, 1915-1920. Winnipeg: Kirkby-Marlton Press, 1991. Because full citations, if made, are included, this volume can supply some details of heroism. The arrangement is alphabetical, however, and there is no index. The result is that the book is difficult to use unless one is looking for a particular individual.

800

Riebensahm, Gustav. Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Friedrich der Niederlande (2 Westfälisches) Nr. 15 im Weltkriege 1914-18. [Prince Friedrich Netherlands Infantry Regiment (2nd Westphalian) No. 15 in the World War 1914-18.] Minden: Der Bund ehemal. Angehöriger des Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 15, 1931. This regimental history includes accounts of battles with the B.E.F. and gas attacks on British forces in 1915.

801

Rifleman, A. [Smith, Aubrey.] Four Years on the Western Front: Being the Experiences of a Ranker in the London Rifle Brigade. London: Oldhams, 1922. The author's account of the war, including 2nd Ypres, is filled with dramatic, sometimes fascinating details. It is particularly valuable because it comes from the ranks. He was in the London Rifle Brigade.

Annotated Bibliography

133

802

Ritter, Gerhard. The Schlieffen Plan. New York: Praeger, 1958. The Schlieffen Plan was a key element in bringing the B.E.F. to France in 1914. Ritter's view is that the effort to move such a vast force in a relatively confined area posed both military and political dangers and was unlikely of success.

803

Ritter, Hans. Der Luftkrieg. [The Air War.] Leipzig: K. F. Koehler, 1926. Ritter devotes significant attention to the development of air support for the ground forces, and so is a valuable source for the study of the overall situation.

804

Roberts, Craig. "Taking Aim from the Trenches: World War I Sniper." Military History 18 (June, 2000): 54-60. Roberts' account of Herbert McBride, an American serving with the Canadian forces, shows the development of sniping during the first years of the war.

805

Roberts, T. G. Thirty Canadian V.C.'s. London: Skeffington and Sons for Canadian War Records Office, 1918. This book is a collection of biographical sketches of Canadian heroes beginning in April, 1915.

806

Robertson, Bruce. Ed. Air Aces of the 1914-1918 War. Letchworth: Harleyford Publications, 1959. Although "Aces" were relatively few in the first year of the war, the role of the airplane as an observation tool was already clear. Although observation was more important, the romantic "knight of the air" tends to be the focus of books about the Royal Flying Corps, as is the case with Robertson.

807

Robertson, William. From Private to Field Marshal. London: Constable, 1921. Robertson, who was Quartermaster-General of the B.E.F. in 1914, provides a strategic overview and discussion of the logistical problems of the first months of the war. Promoted to Chief of Staff in 1915, his point-of-view shifts somewhat from logistics, but he continues to provide a valuable overview of operations.

808

Robertson, William. Soldiers and Statesmen, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. London: Cassell, 1926. Robertson, who later in the war became Commander of the Imperial General Staff, provides an overview of strategic and logistical problems during 1914-15, but his book is more useful for political than military details.

809

Robson, Stuart. The First World War. London: Longman, 1998.

134

The Battles of the B.E.F. Although short, this survey gives a clear introduction to the role of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

810

Rolt-Wheeler, Francis and Frederick E. Drinker. Eds. History of the Great War: A Comprehensive and Authentic History of the War by Land, Sea, and Air. 3 Vols. NP: National Publishing Co., 1919. Provides a superficial factual account of the war.

811

Ronarc'h, Vice-Admiral. Souvenirs de la Guerre (Août 1914-septembre 1915). [Memoirs of the War, August 1914-September 1915.] Paris: Payot, 1921; rpt. 1929. Ronarc'h commanded the marine unit that defended Dixmude and gives a good version of the battle of the Yser. The proximity of his unit to and its cooperation with the B.E.F. makes his account useful for the study of the British situation.

812

Rorie, David. A Medico's Luck in the War Being Reminiscences of R.A.M.C. Work with the 51st (Highland) Division. Aberdeen: Milne and Hutchinson, 1929. Although Rorie's account includes more details about his personal experiences (such as charming French civilians encountered) he does at times discuss medical situations. His account of the early months of the war is limited-the Division only reached France in early 1915--but does include the action at Festubert.

813

Roskill, Stephen. Hankey Man of Secrets. Vol.1, 1877-1918. London: Collins, 1970. Hankey was Secretary of the Committee of Imperial Defense, and Roskill suggests that he was concerned about avoiding controversy rather than decisions. The focus of the biography is, however, more politics than military issues.

814

Ross-of-Bladensburg, John. The Coldstream Guards, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. Plus Maps. London: Oxford University Press/Humphrey Milford, 1928. This author is better than most unit historians in tying tactical details to the larger strategic situation. He makes it easy to follow the unit through its battles. His discussion of Loos, which he thinks the British lost due to a shortage of men who had been sent to the Dardanelles, is particularly good.

815

Roussel-Lépine, Joséphe. Les Champs de l'Ourcq: atmosphère, la bataille, en souvenir. [The Battlefields of the Ourcq: Remembering the Emotions and the Battle.] Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1919; rpt. 1982. The battle at the Ourcq did not directly involve the B.E.F., but was important in stopping the German wheel through Belgium and influenced the B.E.F.'s retreat after

Annotated Bibliography

135

Mons. This volume, which contains good descriptions of the area, helps understanding of the B.E.F.'s situation. 816

Rowlands, D. H. For the Duration: The Story of the Thirteenth Battalion the Rifle Brigade. London: Simpkin Marshall for the Thirteenth Battalion the Rifle Brigade, 1932. The battalion reached France in late July, 1915, and was not involved in major action during the rest of that year. The volume does include some details of life in the trenches during the period, however.

817

Roy, Reginald H. Ed. The Journal of Private Fraser, 1914-1918: Canadian Expeditionary Force. Victoria: Sono Nis Press, 1985. This personal memoir of a member of the 31st Battalion is unusually well-written and evocative. Unfortunately, the account begins only late in 1915.

818

Royal Engineers Institution, The. The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914-1919. 9 Vols. Chatham: R. E. Institution, 1921-27. This detailed account of a vital aspect of the war is informative but not insightful.

819

Royal Field Leech, A. The Tale of a Casualty Clearing Station. Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1917. Although often superficial, this memoir does include details of activity at an unidentified Casualty Clearing Station during the first year of the war. It was in action at Mons, the Aisne, Neuve Chapelle, and Festubert.

820

Royle, Trevor. The Kitchener Enigma. London: Michael Joseph, 1985. Royle's version of Kitchener's role in the war is generally positive. He credits Kitchener with recognizing the long-range issues of the war and keeping John French from pulling the B.E.F. out of the line unnecessarily. His account is readable and persuasive.

821

Roze, Anne. Fields of Memory: A Testimony to the Great War. London: Cassell, 1999. Roze had produced an odd mixture of contemporary views and photographs of important places in the war, cemeteries, and relics with historical descriptions.

822

Rübesamen, Friedrich Wilhelm and Willi Bartels. Eds. FeldartillerieRegiment Prinzregent Luitpold von Bayern (Magdeburgisches) nr. 4. [Field Artillery Regiment No. 4: Prince Regent Luitpold of Baveria (Magdeburg's Own).] 2 Vols. Magdeburg: Faber'sche Buchdruckerie, 1928. The editors include accounts

136

The Battles of the B.E.F. of battles against the B.E.F. and the use of poison gas against the British.

823

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria. Mein Kriegstagebuch. [My War Book.] 3 Vols. Munich: Deutscher National Verlag, 1929. Prince Rupprecht commanded one of the armies on the German left in 1914 and continued as a commander during the war. His account is, of course, focused on German forces but does help make clear the situation faced by the B.E.F.

824

Rutherford, N. J. C. Soldiering With a Stethoscope. London: Stanley Paul, 1937. Rutherford describes life in the Ypres Salient in 1914 and 1915, and comments on the efforts of the R.A.M.C. to provide medical care for casualties in the battles of the period.

825

Samuels, Martin. Doctrine and Dogma: German and British Infantry Tactics in the First World War. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992. Samuels traces the evolution of tactics from early in the war, and despite the ultimate Allied victory, he argues that the Germans were superior tacticians, though he gives the British more credit for innovation than do many.

826

Sandilands, H. R. The 23rd Division, 1914-1919. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1925. Battalions of the 23rd Division had some success at Loos, but this was not followed up. Sandilands provides a detailed description but keeps his focus on the tactical level.

827

Sargent, Herbert Howland. The Strategy on the Western Front (19141918). Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1920. Sargent's focus is German offensive, and he provides some comment regarding their situation in 1914. His work is not particularly scholarly, however.

828

Saundby, Robert. Air Bombardment: The Story of Its Development. London: Chatto & Windus, 1961. By the end of 1915, air attack was showing its value as a weapon, and Saundby traces its development effectively.

829

Saunders, Anthony. Weapons of the Trench War, 1914-1918. Thrupp Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999. Although Saunders does not often discuss individual battles, his description of the evolution of a variety of weapons, such as grenades and mortars, helps one to understand why battles went as they did. He contributes to the idea that the British command was quite ready to innovate.

Annotated Bibliography

137

830

Savage, Raymond. Allenby of Armageddon. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1926. Savage's account is largely descriptive, but he does conclude that Allenby and the B.E.F.'s cavalry did all that was required of them, praise that is much more merited in the period after the Battle of the Marne.

831

Schmitt, Bernadotte E. and Harold C. Veder. The World in the Crucible, 1914-1919. New York: Harper and Row, 1984. This is one of the best surveys of the war, but it does not concentrate on military operations in great detail.

832

Schneider, Benno, and Ulrich Haacke. Das Buck vom Kriege 1914-1918: Urkunden, Berichte, Briefe, Erinnerungen. [The Book of the War 1914-1918: Documents, Reports, Letters, Memories.] München: Langewiesche-Brand, 1932; rpt. 1939. The primary sources in this volume include information about the Battle of the Marne and other aspects of the struggle against the B.E.F.

833

Schnitler, Gudmund. Der Weltkrieg, 1914-1918. [The World War, 19141918.] Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1926. Schnitler is accurate and has much praise for the B.E.F. at the Marne.

834

Schoenfeld, Ernst von. Das Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von Preussen (2 Brandenburgishes) Nr. 12. [The 12th Grenadier Regiment Prince Karl of Prussia's (The 2nd Brandenburgers).] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1926. This German unit faced the B.E.F. early in the war. The paucity of German official records makes such unit histories very important for understanding the opposition to the B.E.F.

835

Schützinger, H. Zusammenbruch. Die Tragödie des deutschen Feldheers. [Collapse. The Tragedy of the German Field Army.] Leipzig: Oldenburg, 1929. The author is very critical of German strategy and tactics. He asserts that the right wing in 1914 should have been strengthened beyond the original plan in anticipation of the British involvement and that lives were wasted in foolish attacks at Ypres and later in trying to hold indefensible positions during 1915.

836

Schwarte, Max. Ed. Der deutsche Landkrieg. [The German Land War.] 3 Vols. Leipzig: J. A. Barth, 1921-25. Schwarte includes an account of the early campaigns and is quite critical of English tactical leadership.

837

Schwink, Otto. Die Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypren im Herbst 1914,

138

The Battles of the B.E.F. unter Benutzung amlichter Quellen bearb. Oldenburg: Stalling, 1918; Translated as Ypres, 1914: An Official Account Published by Order of the German General Staff. London: Constable, 1919; rpt. 1994. German official accounts such as this help make up for the paucity of German archival sources for the war.

838

Scott, Arthur B. Ed. History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: Nisbet, 1923. Scott provides a description of the Battle of Loos, but little comment beyond the tactical situation of the battalions being described.

839

Scott, F. G. The Great War as I Saw It. Toronto: Goodchild, 1922; rpt. 1934, 1999. Scott was a Canadian chaplain, who, despite orders to the contrary, had attached himself to the 16th Battalion and describes his experiences at 2nd Ypres and in the Salient in 1915.

840

Scott, J. F. Records of the Seventh Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's) During the Great War. Sherborne: Bennett, 1923. Provides records of activity at La Bassée and Givenchy.

841

Scott, Peter. Ed. "The View from GHQ: The Second Part of the Diary of General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O." Stand To! 11 (Summer, 1984): 8-17; and "The View from GHQ: The Third Part of the Diary of General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O." Stand To! 12 (Winter, 1984): 27-33. Deeds served with the B.E.F.'s Operations Staff in 1914 and comments about the problems of command and control in the early part of the war.

842

Scott, Peter T. "The Staff of the B.E.F." Stand To! 12 (December, 1985): 44-61. Useful article which adds to the knowledge available concerning the staff of B.E.F., a subject that has been poorly served by historians.

843

Scrap Book of the 7th Bn. Somerset Light Infantry (13th Foot). Aylesbury: Printed by Fredk. Samuels, n.d. This volume is a compilation of short personal accounts, and although it includes only limited comments on 1915, the primary nature of them makes it worth consulting.

844

Scudamore, T. V. A Short History of the 7th Battalion, C. E. F. Vancouver: Anderson & Odium, 1930. Although quite short, this work covers the battalion as part of the First Canadian Division in the Ypres Salient in 1915.

Annotated Bibliography

139

845

Secrett, T. Twenty-Five Years with Earl Haig. New York: Duffield, 1929. Secrett was Haig's personal servant who joined him in 1900. He is hardly critical, but he does provide observations about Haig's ideas, behavior, and relations with other people.

846

Sedgwick, F. R. The Great War in 1914. London: Forster, Groom, 1921. Sedgwick's short book is marred by factual errors and a failure to consult available sources.

847

Severn, Mark. The Gambardier: Giving Some Account of the Heavy and Siege Artillery in France, 1914-1918. London: Benn, 1930. Severn attempts to analyze some of the problems that influenced the performance of artillery and artillery shells. His work is useful for showing the learning of the British over the course of the war.

848

Shakespear, L. W. History of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles). 2 Vols. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1912-24. The Gurkhas were part of the Indian forces rushed to France early in the war and performed distinguished service in 1914 and part of 1915, when the unit was moved to Egypt.

849

Sheldon-Williams, I. and R. F. L. The Canadian Front in France and Flanders. London: A. and C. Black, 1920. This book is a thin outline and a few personal accounts of Canadians serving on the Western Front.

850

Shephard, Ernest. A Sergeant-Major's War: From Hill 60 to the Somme. Edited by Bruce Rossor with Richard Holmes. Marlborough: Crow Wood in Association with Anthony Bird, 1987. Shephard offers an eyewitness account of fighting with the B.E.F.

851

Sheppard, E. W. The Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 1715-1936. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1939. Provides brief account of units active with the B.E.F. mostly in 1914.

852

Sheppard, E. W. "The Race to the Sea, September to October, 1914." Army Quarterly 2 (1921): 112-18. Although the author's focus is most on the French and Germans, as he himself notes, the race to the sea set the situation from which the B.E.F. would fight in 1915.

853

Short History of the Border Regiment, A. 5th ed. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1938. This short volume provides a few details of service with Haig's I Corps in 1914.

140

The Battles of the B.E.F.

854

Short History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, A. Woolwich: Gale & Polden, 1923. Regrettably, the coverage of World War I in this volume is marred by frequent errors.

855

Simonds, Frank H. History of the World War. 4 Vols. Garden City: Doubleday Page for The Review of Reviews, 1917-19. Simonds, a correspondent, provides detailed descriptions of battles and offers his sometimes questionable comments. He asserts that Joffre sent the B.E.F. to Mons, where it ran into trouble because of French failure to notify its leaders promptly of the plan to withdraw and because it was slow to move when the word came. Although the public was told the B.E.F. won the Battle of the Marne, in fact it failed, allowing General von Kluck to counter key parts of the French plan to envelop his forces. It did better in the subsequent pursuit, however. Simonds also claims that there was no gap in the Allied line due to the use of gas at Second Ypres thanks to the efforts of Canadian forces, though most authorities say the Canadians filled the gap. On the whole Simonds work is adequate narrative history, with some bias against what he regards as German militarism.

856

Simpson, Andy. The Evolution of Victory: British Battles on the Western Front, 1914-1918. London: Tom Donovan, 1995. Simpson takes the view that victory was a process of learning modern warfare, which the British did better than the Germans. He follows the early battles seeking to show changes from the traditional patterns of the "Old Contemptibles" to more effective use of artillery and other technology and tactics. His book is a good summary of this new school of thought.

857

Simpson, C. R. The History of the Lincolnshire Regiment, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1931. Despite a narrow focus on the unit, Simpson does provide a good description of tactics and the actions of significant individuals in all of the major battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

858

Simpson, Frank. The Cheshire Regiment or 22nd Regiment of Foot: The First Battalion at Mons and the Miniature Colour. 2nd Ed. N.P.: N.P., n.d. The account give of the first battalion at mons is brief but detailed. The narrow focus, however, limits the value of the book.

859

Simpson, Keith. "Capper and the Offensive Spirit." Royal United Services Institute Journal for Defense Studies 118 (June, 1973): 51-52. Simpson discusses the British General Capper, who died

Annotated Bibliography

141

commanding the 7th Division at Loos and who was a driving force behind the offensive theories followed by the B.E.F. 860

Simpson, Keith. The Old Contemptibles: A Photographic History of the British Expeditionary Force, August to December 1914. London: Allen & Unwin, 1981. Visual images such as provided in this volume drive home the experiences of soldiers on the Western Front. The book makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of the situation of the B.E.F.

861

Singer, H. C. History of the Thirty-First Battalion C. E. F., From Its Organization, November 1914, to Its Demobilization, June 1919, With Nominal Roll and Information as to All Members of the Unit. Calgary: Knights Bindery, 1939. The unit depicted in this volume only arrived on the Western Front late in 1915, but it was in the trenches and its experiences are indicative of the situation at the end of the year.

862

Sixsmith, E. K. G. Douglas Haig. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1976. Since this volume is more analysis of Haig as soldier than biography, the attention devoted to his early career is limited. Nonetheless, Sixsmith has insights into his work in the first years of the war.

863

Skaife, E. O. A Short History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1925. Though too short to be of major importance, this volume does include the role of the Welch Fusiliers in 1914-15.

864

Skennerton, Ian D. The British Service Lee: The Lee-Metford and LeeEnfield Rifles and Carbines, 1880-1980. Ashmore City: I. Skennerton, 1982; rpt. 1993. Skennerton's fund of technical information about the basic weapon of the B.E.F. can be very helpful in assessing the success of the British Army.

865

Slessor, J. C. Air Power and Armies. London: Oxford University Press, 1936; rpt. 1982. Slessor was one of the first to do a serious analysis of the use of air power on the Western Front. He makes clear its value from the beginning of the war.

866

Slessor, John. "Air Reconnaissance in Open Warfare: Two Incidents in the Advance to the Aisne in September, 1914." Journal of the Royal United Service Institution 79 (Nov. 1934): 682-99. Slessor describes the observation work of the RFC noting Joffre's praise for the useful intelligence provided in one incident and

142

The Battles of the B.E.F. defending the flyers over a misunderstood report that led to a delay of the B.E.F.'s advance in the second. His article contributes to the understanding of how quickly the R.F.C. became an important part of operations on the Western Front.

867

Slow, Peter and Richard Woods. Fields of Death: Battle Scenes of the First World War. London: Robert Hale, 1986. The soldiers' reminiscences in this volume are a good introduction to the experience of the Western Front.

868

Smith, A. G. B. A Short History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1934. Although too short to provide meaningful detail, this work does offer some outline of a storied regiment's activity on the Western Front.

869

Smith, Myron J., Jr. World War I in the Air: A Bibliography and Chronology. Metachen: Scarecrow Press, 1977. This meticulous reference work remains valuable despite being somewhat out of date. Unfortunately the index does not allow the tracing of references to specific battles.

870

Smith-Dorrien, Horace. Memories of Forty-Eight Years Service. London: John Murray, 1925. Smith-Dorrien went to France in August, 1914, as commander of the B.E.F.'s Second Corps. During the retreat from Mons, he made a stand at Le Cateau which allowed his corps to continue its withdrawal despite being separated from I Corps. Subsequently, as commander of the Second Army, he disagreed with the B.E.F.'s commander, John French, and was relieved from command. His descriptions of campaigns are detailed and full, but Smith-Dorrien pledges at the beginning of his book not to cast blame, and perhaps unfortunately generally sticks to that. Since he is sometimes portrayed as a scapegoat, it would be of value to know his view of the situation.

871

Smithers, A. J. The Man Who Disobeyed: Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien and his Enemies. London: Leo Cooper, 1970. A solid biography, which, as the title suggests, defends Smith-Dorrien against the controversial charges made against him by Sir John French.

872

Smyth, John. Leadership in Battle, 1914-1918. Newton Abbot: David & Charles, 1975. Smyth provides details of the battles at Mons, Le Cateau, and especially Neuve Chapelle with the goal of showing individual heroism and leadership at all ranks. He particularly praises Smith-Dorrien, but also credits Haig for careful planning at Neuve Chapelle which was foiled by the late arrival of some

Annotated Bibliography

143

artillery and mist which prevented proper registration. His comments about Loos are much more limited, but he does argue that the decision to attack was forced on French by his political bosses in London. Smyth's book is more valuable for obtaining details of individual heroism than for the big picture. 873

Soldier's Diary of the Great War, A. London: Faber & Gwyer, 1929. The anonymous author was in a Territorial battalion and commissioned in 1915. He was wounded twice and transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in 1916. His diary is a useful but not unusual account of the B.E.F.

874

Souza, Charles de and Haldane MacFall. Germany in Defeat: A Strategic History of the War--First Phase. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1917. The authors argue fervently that the Battle of the Marne meant ultimate defeat for Germany. Given the date of their publication, it is hard not to question their objectivity.

875

Spagnoly, Tony and Ted Smith. Salient Points Two: Cameos of the Western Front Ypres Sector 1914-1918. London: Pen and Sword, 1998. Although essentially a visitor's guide, this volume does include some details of the fighting in the salient.

876

Spaight, J. M. The Beginnings of Organized Air Power. London: Longmans, Green, 1927. Although more about administration than actual battlefield activity, Spaight's book describes the growth of improvement of the British air forces. It also provides substantial statistical information about those forces.

877

Spears, Edward. Liaison 1914. London: Erye & Spottiswoode, 1930; rpt. 1968, 2000. Spears served as a liaison officer between the British and French commands. His account of the first months of the war is very detailed and addresses the levels of both the common soldiers and the officer corps. His book is one of the classic accounts of the early part of the war.

878

Spears, Edward. The Picnic Basket. New York: W. W. Norton, 1967. This idiosyncratic memoir has observations about the nature of the B.E.F. at Mons, mostly a soldier remembered by a civilian, an account of the fighting at Nery (September 1, 1914), and a French woman's memories of 1914.

879

Spiers, Edward M. Chemical Warfare. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986. Although Spiers' main interest is more recent, his summary of chemical warfare on the Western Front is an

144

The Battles of the B.E.F. excellent introduction to the subject.

880

Stacke, Harry FritzMaurice. The Worcester Regiment in the Great War. Kidderminster: G. T. Cheshire & Sons, 1928. This regimental history is substantial and well written but relatively rare. The author follows battalions of the regiment through a number of the B.E.F.'s battles in 1914-15.

881

Stallings, Laurence. Ed. The First World War: A Photographic History. London: Daily Express, 1933; rpt. 1960. Provides visual evidence of the B.E.F.

882

Stamps, T. Dodson and Vincent J. Esposito. A Short Military History of World War I. West Point, NY: US Military Academy, 1950. Prepared as a text for West Point cadets, this book offers a pedestrian but clear description of the war, including the early battles of the B.E.F. Attention to 1915 is almost entirely on the Dardanelles.

883

Steel, J. P. Ed. A Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel E. A. Steel. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1921. Steel joined the Fourth Division's artillery on the Aisne in September, 1914, and was with the B.E.F. until mid 1915, when he returned home to train a new unit.

884

Steel, Nigel and Peter Hart. Tumult in the Clouds: The British Experience of the War in the Air 1914-1918. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1997. This scholarly volume includes examinations of the role of air power as both an offensive tool and for observations and intelligence gathering.

885

Steele, Harwood. The Canadians in France, 1915-1918. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1920. Steele provides a detailed account of the action at 2nd Ypres and Festubert, but he rarely ventures beyond factual narrative.

886

Stegemann, Herman. Geschichte des Krieges. [History of the War.] 4 Vols. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags Anstalt, 1917-21. VonKluck, commander of the German First Army in 1914, sites this work for its clear understanding of German strategy, but on the whole it is German nationalist propaganda.

887

Steppler, Glenn A. Britons To Arms! The Story of the British Volunteer Soldier. Thrupp Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1992. Steppler focuses particularly on the Leicestershire and Rutland units in World

Annotated Bibliography

145

War I, seeking to set them into social and political context. 888

Stewart, Herbert A. From Mons to Loos: Being the Diary of a Supply Officer. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1916. Stewart's diary provides descriptions of the battles as well as observations regarding logistics.

889

Stewart, J. and John Buchan. The Fifteenth (Scottish) Division. Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons, 1926. The authors devote a chapter to a detailed description of the Battle of Loos and do a particularly good job of providing the soldier's point-ofview.

890

Stewart, Patrick F. The History of the XII Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1950. Includes records of units active with the B.E.F., especially in 1914.

891

Stirling, J. The Territorial Divisions, 1914-18. London: J. M. Dent, 1922. This book is based on the despatches of twenty divisions, and offers only limited information about each.

892

Strachan, Hew. The First World War. New York: Viking, 2004. An excellent one volume history, this may be a preview of the author's monumental planned three volume history of the war.

893

Strachan, Hew. The First World War. Vol. I: To Arms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Strachan's work covers the Western Front only in 1914. It is a detailed and thoughtful account, and if the other volumes are completed will be the definitive account of the war for some time.

894

Strange, Louis A. Recollections of an Airman. London: Hamilton, 1933; rpt. 1940; 1989. Strange recollects the early days of the R.F.C. when it became an important intelligence factor on the Western Front.

895

Swettenham, John. McNaughton. 3 Vols. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1968-69. Andrew McNaughton became an important figure in the development of artillery doctrine during the latter half of the war. His biographer follows his learning process from the beginning of Canadian participation in the Ypres Salient in 1915.

896

Swettenham, John. To Seize the Victory. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1965. Swettenham traces the growth of sophistication about modern war in the Canadian forces and their eventual commander Sir

146

The Battles of the B.E.F. Arthur Currie.

897

Swinton, E. D. and the Earl Percy. A Year Ago: Eyewitness's Narrative of the War From March 20th to July 19th, 1915. London: Edward Arnold, 1916. These authors give an eyewitness account of the early fighting, particularly in the area around Ypres.

898

Sykes, F. H. Aviation in Peace and War. London: Edward Arnold, 1922. Sykes covers the war in the second half of his book, but his information was quite limited. He is too critical of the German air force and at times in error concerning the British.

899

Szczepanski, Max von. Die Marneschlacht 1914. [The Battle of the Marne 1914.] Leipzig: Teubner, 1929. Although German perspectives concerning battles such as the Marne are important for understanding the situation, most like this one offer little direct discussion of the B.E.F.

900

Talbot Kelly, R. B. A Subaltern's Odyssey: A Memoir of the Great War 1915-1917. Edited by R. G. Loosmore. London: William Kimber, 1980. The author, an artist and artilleryman with the 9th Division, describes Festubert and Loos. He also discusses life on the Western Front and illustrates his comments with his own drawings. The editor does an excellent job of adding the big picture and noting minor errors in author's account.

901

Tappen, Gehard. Bis zur Marne 1914. [To the Battle of the Marne.] Oldenburg: Stalling, 1920. Tappen was Moltke's chief of staff and offers some insight on the early battles of the war from the German upper ranks.

902

Tascona, Bruce and Eric Wells. Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles. Winnipeg: Royal Winnipeg Rifles, 1983. This unit history contains a narrative of the harrowing struggle at Second Ypres.

903

Taylor, A. J. P. Illustrated History of the First World War. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1963; rpt. 1966. Taylor is critical of British leadership on the Western Front. His well-written account of the battles of 1914-15 is lent power by carefully chosen illustrations.

904

Taylor, William and Peter Diack. Student and Sniper-Sergeant, A Memoir of J. K. Forbes, M. A., 4th Battalion Gordon Highlanders, Who Died for his Country, 25 September 1915. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1916. Although it is clear this

Annotated Bibliography

147

book is a tribute, it does have information about the situation on the Western Front as well as a portrait of Forbes. 905

Tempest, E. V. and E. C. Gregory. History of the Sixth Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment. 2 Vols. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, 1921-23. Only volume one (by Tempest) concerning the l/6th Battalion has information about 1914-15. This includes accounts of the battle of Neuve Chapelle and experiences in the trenches, which began in April, 1915.

906

Terraine, John. Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier. London: Hutchinson, 1963. Terraine portrays Haig as competent and effective. His work has led to much controversy concerning the general and a reconsideration of previous criticisms.

907

Terraine, John. The First World War, 1914-1918. London: Hutchinson, 1965; rpt. 1983. Well-written short survey with a good description of the situation of 1914-15. The analysis show's Terraine's revisionist ideas.

908

Terraine, John. Mons: The Retreat to Victory. New York: Macmillan, 1960. Terraine's account, which emphasizes the importance of the B.E.F. in the defeat of the Schlieffen plan, is a clear and generally judicious presentation of the initial campaigns of the war.

909

Terraine, John. The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1980. Terraine's account of the new warfare provides a useful context in which to consider the performance of the B.E.F. This volume, however, does not have much direct information about the battles of 1914-15.

910

Thatcher, W. S. The Fourth Battalion (Duke ofConnaught's Own) 10th Baluch Regiment in the Great War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1932. This battalion was with the 2nd Cavalry Division in the Ypres Salient in October, 1914, and later fought with the Lahore Division at Neuve Chapelle.

911

Thevenet, Général. La Grande Guerre, 1914-1918. [The Great War, 1914-1918.] Paris: Armand Colin, 1932. Thevenet's account is clear and generally accurate, his comments about the B.E.F. are based on British sources.

912

Thompson, Robert. The Royal Flying Corps. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968. Thompson traces the growing importance of the

148

The Battles of the B.E.F. R.F.C. as an offensive tool and in intelligence gathering.

913

Thomsen, Herman. "Die Luftwaffe vor und im Weltkriege." [The Air Force B.E.F.ore and In the World War.] In Die deutsche Wehrmacht, 1914-1939. [The German Armed Forces, 19141939.] Edited by Georg Wentzell. Berlin: N.P., 1939. Account of the German air force and the struggle for air superiority over the Western Front.

914

Thornton, L. H. and Pamela Fraser. The Congreves: Father and Son. London: John Murray, 1930. This volume combines a biography of General Sir Walter Norris Congreve who served as a divisional and corps commander with the B.E.F. with extracts from the diary of his son, Bt.-Major William La Touche Congreve who served in the Rifle Brigade until his death in 1915.

915

Thoumin, Richard. The First World War. Translated by Martin Kieffer. London: Martin Secker & Warburg and G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963; orig. La Grande Guerre. Paris: Payot, 1931. Thoumin includes numerous extracts from first-hand accounts to recreate the experience of the war. Although a useful source of details, his tendency to treat fictionalized works with the same respect as primary sources requires some caution in use.

916

Thuiller, Henry F. Gas in the Next War. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1939. Although the author, who commanded some aspects of British gas warfare on the Western Front, is interested in future use of the weapon, he devotes several chapters to describing its use in World War I.

917

Travers, Tim. The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front, and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900-1918. London: Allen and Unwin, 1987. An excellent analysis of the war, with a good chapter on the doctrine of the offensive which was dominant in 1914.

918

Tredwell, Terry C. and Alan C. Wood. The First Air War: A Pictorial History 1914-1919. London: Brassy's, 1996. Although mostly valuable for images, this volume does include some commentary.

919

Tucker, A. B. The Battle Glory of Canada: Being the Story of the Canadians at the Front, Including the Battle of Ypres. London: Cassell, 1915. This narrative is somewhat exaggerated but does quote letters and describe Second Ypres.

Annotated Bibliography

149

920

Tucker, Spencer C. Ed. The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1996. This encyclopedia is a convenient reference for a variety of topics including battles, weapons, tactics, and strategy.

921

Tyng, Sewell. The Campaign of the Marne 1914. New York: Longmans, Green, 1935. Tyng actually covers the history of the war from beginning through the Battle of the Marne. His is a thorough and elaborate version.

922

Urquhart, H. M. The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 19141919. Toronto: Macmillan for the Trustees and Regimental Committee of the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish) C. E. F., 1932. Urquhart includes discussions of the battles of 2nd Ypres, Gravenstafel Ridge, Festubert, Ploegsteert, and Hill 63 and conveys a sense of pride in achievement though not particularly Canadian nationalism.

923

Urquhart, Hugh M. Arthur Currie: The Biography of a Great Canadian. Toronto: J. M. Dent, 1950. Currie went to France early in the war as a brigade commander and became the commander of the Canadian forces. Urquhart is inclined to praise his subject warmly but his account of Currie's experiences is generally accurate.

924

Vale, W. L. History of the South Staffordshire Regiment. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1969. Vale traces the activity of the regiment that was involved in many of the 1914-15 battles, particularly Mons and the Marne. It also had units at Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Festubert.

925

Van Creveld, Martin. Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patten. London: Cambridge University Press, 1977. Provides a detailed discussion of Moltke's supply problems and a critique of the Schlieffen Plan strategy.

926

Van Der Essen, Léon. The Invasion & the War in Belgium From Liege to the Yser, With a Sketch of the Diplomatic Negotiations Preceding the Conflict. London: Fisher Unwin, 1917. Includes discussion of the situation and struggle in Belgium of which the B.E.F. became a significant part.

927

van Hartesveldt, Fred R. The Dardanelles Campaign, 1915: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography. Westport:

150

The Battles of the B.E.F. Greenwood Press, 1997. This reference work provides information about sources and historiographical debate concerning the British effort to force the Dardanelles and invade Turkey. It allows the Dardanelles struggle to omitted from the current examination of the British army in 1915.

928

Veitch, E. Hardinge. 8th Battalion the Durham Light Infantry, 17931926. Durham: J. H. Veitch & Sons, n.d. The 8th Battalion saw action at 2nd Ypres but was not in the other battles of the B.E.F. Veitch's account is limited and narrowly focused but does include some details.

929

Villate, Robert. Foch à la Marne: La 9e Armée aux marais de SaintGond (5-10 septembre 1914). [Foch at the Marne: The 9th Army at the Marshes of Saint-Gond (5-10 September 1914.] Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1932. Villate notes Foch's extreme aggressiveness in ordering attacks that were beyond the capacity of his battered forces. His descriptions help establish the role and importance of the B.E.F. at the Battle of the Marne.

930

Vivian, A. P. G. The Phantom Brigade; Or the Contemptible Adventure. London: Ernest Benn, 1930. Vivian, with the 4th Middlesex in the 3rd Division, describes Mons and Le Cateau effectively, but then seems to lose focus.

931

Wackett, E. "Experiences with the First Western Ontario Regiment, Canadian Expeditionary Force." Annual Report of the Waterloo Historical Society. 5 (1917): 43- 47. Wackett, a corporal, gives an eloquent account of fighting at Second Ypres.

932

Wakefield, J. and J. M. Weippert. Eds. Indian Cavalry Officer, 19141915. Tunbridge Wells: Costello, 1986. This book is the diary of R. W. W. "Roly" Grimshaw who served with the 34th Poona Horse, was badly wounded at Festubert, and later commanded an Indian cavalry war depot.

933

Walker, G. "From the Aisne to Ypres, 1914: Further Incidents in the Story of the 59th Field Company, R.E." The Royal Engineers Journal 32 (July, 1920): 25-36. In addition to his portrayal of life in the trenches, Walker offers more technical details of engineering work such as preparing the defensive system of the B.E.F.

934

Walker, G. Goold. Ed. The Honourable Artillery Company in the Great War, 1914-1919. London: Seeley, Service, 1930. Units of the

Annotated Bibliography

151

H. A. C. were in 1915 battles, but the poor index and table of contents (useful only for finding specific battalions and batteries) makes using this book difficult. 935

War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment. (T.F.), The. London: William Heinemann, 1924. This wellwritten unit history describes the experiences of the sixth battalion in France from early March, 1915.

936

Ward, C. H. Dudley. History of the Welsh Guards. London: John Murray, 1920. The only battle of 1914-15 covered in this volume is Loos. Ward provides a fairly detailed description of the tactical situation but makes little effort to tie that to the overall situation.

937

Ward, C. H. Dudley and J. P. Riley. Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Vol 3: France and Flanders, 1914-1918. London: Foster Groom, 1928-29. Ward does a thorough job of following battalions of the Royal Welch Fusiliers in the fighting of 1914-15, particularly at the Marne and Ypres.

938

Ward, C. H. Dudley. The Welsh Regiment of Foot Guards, 1915-1918. London: John Murray, 1936. Loos is the only battle of 1915 covered, but it is done in some detail with a comparison of the commanders' view to that of the actual situation. This is a very valuable perspective.

939

Warner, Philip. The Battle of Loos. London: William Kimber, 1976; rpt. 2000. Warner wrote a brief overview of the battle and then added a number of contemporary accounts. His books has much information, but his failure to tie events in the eye witness accounts to the big picture leads to some confusion about the relationship of details to one another and the overall situation.

940

Warren, Arnold. Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps. NP: McClelland and Stewart, 1961. Warren's chapter concerning World War I discusses the C. E. F.'s logistics and especially Second Ypres. Information given is quite limited, however.

941

Waters, R. S. History of the 5th Battalion (Pathans) 14th Punjab Regiment. N.P.: James Bain, 1936. The 5th Battalion arrived in France in late April and suffered serious casualties in the fighting around Ypres.

152

The Battles of the B.E.F.

942

Watson, W. H. L. Adventures of a Dispatch Rider. London: Blackwood, 1915. Watson describes the period from Mons to La Basseé.

943

Watteville, H. G. de. "A Legend of the Marne, 1914." Army Quarterly 4 (1922): 85-91. The author rejects claims that Foch's 42nd Division won the battle, and argues that the decisions to withdraw was made due to the influence of Colonel Hentsch's intervention and the Anglo-French threat to the German flank. The action of Foch's unit came after the decision had been taken.

944

Wauchope, A. G. Ed. A History of the Black Watch in the Great War, 1914-1918. 3 Vols. London: Medici Society, 1925-26. These volumes deal with each battalion of the regiment and thus include discussion of virtually every battle of the war. The accounts are detailed but so narrowly focused that it is sometimes hard to connect the events to the overall situation.

945

Wavell, Archibald. Allenby: A Study in Greatness. New York: Oxford University Press, 1941. Allenby commanded the B.E.F.'s cavalry in 1914, and has been accused of failing to cover the infantry during the retreat from Mons and then not pursuing the Germans effectively during their retreat from the Marne. Wavell acknowledges that there were some difficulties, but maintains that on the whole the cavalry did its job adequately. Early problems were due to the unexpected nature of the Schlieffen Plan followed by a lack of room to maneuver during the retreat. Later the cavalry division had been split, and Allenby controlled only half of it. Allenby did miss a chance on September 9 to exploit a gap in the German lines, but realizing the gap was there is easier in hindsight than at the time. His men fought in later battles– 1st and 2nd Ypres, Loos–but on foot. Having gotten the reputation as a pusher, on October 15 he took command of the 3rd Army. Although he clearly admires his subject, Wavell is reasonably even-handed in his analysis of Allenby's performance.

946

Weaver, Lawrence. The Story of the Royal Scots (The Lothian Regiment). Formerly the First or Royal Regiment of Foot. London: Country Life, 1915. Weaver briefly describes the Royal Scots involvement in the early battles of the war including Mons, Le Cateau, and the Ypres Salient.

947

Weber, Emil. Das Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 77. Auszüge aus den amtlichen Kriegstagebüchern mit Beiträgen von Mitktämpfern. [Infantry Regiment No. 77. Based on Official Records and Writings of Soldiers.] Berlin: Stalling, 1922.

Annotated Bibliography

153

Weber describes the 77th Regiment's struggles with the B.E.F. and its involvement in the use of gas against the British. 948

Weetman, W. C. C. The Sherwood Foresters in the Great War, 19141919, Battalion. Nottingham: Thos. Forman & Sons, 1920. This battalion was in the line repeatedly starting in April, 1915. The unit history includes accounts of life in the trenches and action.

949

Weintraub, Stanley. Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas Truce. New York: The Free Press, 2001. Weintraub presents the 1914 impromptu cessation of fighting on Christmas eve and day as muck more significant and pervasive that have earlier scholars. He seems to believe that it represented an actual opportunity to find a peaceful solution to the war.

950

Wells, Clifford Almon. From Montreal to Vimy Ridge and Beyond, The Correspondence of Lieut. Clifford Almon Wells of the 8th Battalion, Canadians, B.E.F., November, 1915-April, 1917. Edited by O. C. S. Wallace. Toronto: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, 1917. Wells comments in his correspondence about the B.E.F. only concerning the very end of the period covered in this volume. Nonetheless the volume has some value for descriptions of conditions.

951

Westlake, Ray. British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1914. London: Leo Cooper, 1997. Westlake's meticulous identification of the movements and locations of the 143 battalions in the initial campaigns of the war makes this a very useful reference work.

952

Westlake, Ray. English and Welsh Infantry Regiments: An Illustrated Record of Service, 1662-1994. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 1996. Provides a valuable reference for details about regimental accouterments, travels, and, briefly, histories.

953

Westlake, Ray. Kitchener's Army, 1914-1918. Staplehurst: Spellmont, 1998. Westlake's presentation includes extensive details of the new army from uniform markings through battlefield service. It is heavily illustrated.

954

Whalley-Kelly, H. "Ich Dien" The Prince of Wales' Volunteers, 19141934. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1935. Whalley-Kelly follows battalions through most of the battles of 1914-15 and makes some effort to provide context so the importance of details in the course of the battle can be understood.

154

The Battles of the B.E.F.

955

White, A. S. A Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army. London: Society for Army Historical Research, 1960; rpt. 1965, 1988, 1992. White has put together a useful, comprehensive bibliographical resource.

956

Whitehorne, A. C. and Thomas O. Marden. The History of the Welch Regiment. Cardiff: Western Mail and Echo, 1932. This volume provides tactical details of much of the fighting in 1914 and 1915, but includes little comment regarding the overall situation.

957

Whitmore, F. H. D. C. The 10th P. W. O. Royal Hussars and the Essex Yeomanry During the European War, 1914-1918. Colchester: Benham, 1920. Whitmore includes short accounts of the retreat from Mons, 1st Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, and Loos, but his focus is so narrow that the value of his work is mostly for details about individuals' actions.

958

Whitton, F. E. The Marne Campaign. London: Constable, 1917. Whitton, who thinks the British were overwhelmed at Le Cateau, often seems unsure of his facts and about what is important.

959

Whyte, F. and A. H. Atteridge. A History of the Queen's Bays (2nd Dragoon Guards). 2 Vols. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930-1954. Provides detailed accounts of the fighting at Nery and First Ypres.

960

Wilde, Capt.-Comdt. R. de. De Liège à l'Yser: mon journal de campagne. [From Liége to the Yser: My Campaign Journal] Paris: Plon-Nourrit, 1918. Wilde narrates his experiences of the early campaigns in Belgium where the B.E.F. was also in action.

961

Wilhelm, Crown Prince. Der Marne-Feldzug 1914. [The Marne Campaign 1914.] Berlin: Dob, 1926. The German prince and general describes the campaign that ensured failure of the Schlieffen Plan.

962

Willcocks, James. With the Indians in France. London: Constable, 1920. Willcocks, the commander of the Indian Corps supplements official records with material from his own diary and letters. His focus is events before Neuve Chapelle, after which the Indian Corps was shifted to the 1st Army, and he had less contact.

963

Willcox, Walter Temple. The 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War. London: John Murray, 1925; rpt. 1988. The 3rd Hussars were part of the original B.E.F., and were heavily engaged at the

Annotated Bibliography

155

Battles of Ypres in 1914-15. The unit history follows the action. 964

Williams, Jeffrey. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. London: Leo Cooper in Association with Secker and Warburg, 1972; rpt. 1985. Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry was the first Canadian unit to reach the Western Front. It was heavily engaged in much of the fighting in 1915.

965

Williamson, H. J. The Roll of Honour: Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force for the Great War, 1914-18. Dallington: Naval & Military Press, 1992. This volume is mostly useful for identifying individuals involved in the air war but does have information about aerial operations.

966

Williamson, Henry. The Wet Flanders Plain. London: Faber & Faber, 1929; rpt. 1987. Williamson's descriptions of the ground of Flanders gives a powerful sense of what the soldiers faced.

967

Willson, Beckles. Ypres, The Holy Ground of British Arms. Burges: Chas. Beyaert, 1920. Willson is at pains to describe the beauties of the city of Ypres destroyed by the Germans, but he does provide chapters specifically about the battles of First and Second Ypres. These are unfortunately superficial and have some errors.

968

Wilson, A. J. "The Riddle of Schlieffen: Some Comments on Captain Wynne's Analysis of British Tactical Failures in the First World War." Royal United Service Institution Journal. 103 (Aug., 1958): 356-64. G. C. Wynne has written extensively about the British in World War I and contributed to the Official History. His conclusion about the British failures in the major battles of 1915–Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Loos-was that the British failed to adequately understand the dominance of machine guns. Wilson argues that this is a much too limited analysis and that there were numerous problems that contributed to the failures.

969

Wing Adjutant. [Blake, Wilfred.] The Royal Flying Corps in the War. London: Cassell, 1918. Although he does not focus on specific battles, the author does discuss the role and methods of the Flying Corps in artillery observation, bombing, and other means of support that were very important to the B.E.F.

970

Winnifrith, Douglas P. The Church in the Fighting Line with General Smith-Dorrien at the Front: Being the Experiences of a

156

The Battles of the B.E.F. Chaplain in Charge of an Infantry Brigade. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1915. Winnifrith recounts his experiences on the Western Front from the beginning of the war through early 1915.

971

Winterbotham, J. L. "Geographical and Survey Work in France, Especially in connection with Artillery." Journal of the Royal Artillery. 46 (1919): 154-72. The last large-scale study of the topography of the Western Front had been done by Napoleon, and British efforts were very important in preparing for the problems of modern war.

972

Wirth, Hauptmann A. Von der Saale zur Aisne. [From the Saale to the Aisne.] Leipzig: Kriegstagbiätter, 1915; rpt. 1920. This German narrative by a member of the 7th Reserve Division staff has a very good account of Le Cateau.

973

Wise, S. F. Canadian Airmen and the First World War: The Official History of The Royal Canadian Air Force Volume I. Toronto: University of Toronto Press with Dept. of National Defense, 1980. Although few Canadian airmen reached the Western Front before the end of 1915, Wise incorporates information about the few that did into a chapter outlining the growth of the Royal Flying Corps and its importance, especially for artillery observation, in the early battles of the B.E.F.

974

With the First Canadian Contingent. Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton/Musson, 1915. This volume has some excellent photographs and a few letters from France.

975

Witkop, Philipp. Ed. Kriegsbriefe gefallener Studenten. München: Georg Müller, 1929. Translation by A. F. Wedd: German Students' War Letters. London: Meuthen, 1929. War is fought by the young, and these letters give personal narratives from the German side. They make interesting comparisons with comments from members of the B.E.F.

976

Witt-Guizot, Lieut. Colonel de. Les grandes Étapes de la Victorie 19141918. [The Great March to Victory 1914-1918.] Paris: BergerLevrault, 1923. The author is excessively critical of the B.E.F. asserting that it was not in place at Mons, defeated at Le Cateau, and lagged behind at the Marne.

977

Wolff, Anne. Ed. Subalterns of the Foot: Three World War I Diaries of Officers of the Cheshire Regiment. Worchester: Square One, 1992. These first hand accounts begin in 1915 and afford a vivid

Annotated Bibliography

157

account of the B.E.F. and its involvement in the fray. 978

Wood, H. F. The King's Royal Rifle Corps. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1967. Provides details of battalions active in most of the B.E.F.'s actions in 1914-14.

979

Wood, W. de B. Ed. The History of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in the Great War, 1914-1918. London: Medici Society, 1925. The editor has included accounts of each of the regiment's eight battalions, and so although several battles are described, the accounts are short and episodic.

980

Woodward, Llewellyn. Great Britain and the War 1914-1918. London: Methuen, 1967. In this well-written, scholarly survey, Woodward praises the B.E.F. for its "decisive contribution" to stopping the initial German drive. He does not think that performance was sustained through 1915, and is quite critical of Sir John French at Loos, asserting that after the battle French was no longer able to command.

981

Woodyatt, Nigel G. Ed. The Regimental History of the 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles. London: Philip Allan, 1929. Although this work includes accounts of the regiment's battalions at Givenchy and Neuve Chapelle, the focus is so narrow that it is of little value other than for details of the units themselves.

982

"The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914-1919: Chemical Warfare." The Royal Engineers Journal 23 (Feb., 1921): 105-120. This article traces the British effort to develop chemical munitions and briefly relates their use in 1915.

983

Worthington, Larry. Amid the Guns Below: The Story of the Canadian Corps (1914-1919). Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1965. Although popular in format and not extensively researched, this book does have the virtue of focusing on the development of the Canadian machine gun corps, an unusual theme.

984

Wrede, Edmund Fürst von. Stimme aus der Front. Bülow's Vormarsch, Rückzug und Rettung seiner und der I Armee. [A Voice from the Front. Billow's Advance, Retreat and Saving of His Own and the First Army.] Bamberg: Hübscher, 1925. This defense of General Bülow's handling of German forces on the right wing in 1914 delineates the situation in which the B.E.F. found itself in the first months of the war.

158

The Battles of the B.E.F.

985

Wykes.A. The Royal Hampshire Regiment. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1968. Although too short to provide significant detail, this volume does include Royal Hampshire battalions serving with the B.E.F. in 1914-15.

986

Wylly, H. C. The Border Regiment in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1925. This regiment had a battalion in the Salient from 1914, and Wylly does an effective job of describing it's situation.

987

Wylly, H. C. The Ist and 2nd Battalions the Sherwood Foresters (Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment) in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. Wylly provides a limited description of action at the tactical level of the Aisne, Hooge, Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, and Loos, and a more valuable description of life in the trenches early in the war.

988

Wylly, H. C. The Green Howards in the Great War, 1914-1919. Richmond, Yorkshire: N.P., 1926. Wylly's detailed accounts of the 1915 battles of the B.E.F. provide much information, but his focus on individual battalions makes the overall pictures of battles somewhat difficult to extract from his text.

989

Wylly, H. C. History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions The Leicestershire Regiment in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. These battalions were involved at the Aisne, 1st and 2nd Ypres, Hooge, La Bassée, Festubert, Neuve Chapelle, and Loos. Wylly's focus is particularly narrow in this book, and he offers little analysis or comment beyond the tactical level.

990

Wylly, H. C, et al. History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry. 6 Vols. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, n.d. The volume concerning 1914-18 includes an effective use fo context for battles in which the units of the regiment fought so that their efforts fit into the larger picture of the war. Most of the B.E.F.'s engagements are covered.

991

Wylly, H. C. History of the Manchester Regiment. Vol. 2. London: Foster Groom, 1923-1925. Wylly's account of Le Cateau in this volume is particularly forceful, but he describes the rest of the involvement of the regiment in 1914-15.

992

Wylly, H. C. History of the Queen's Royal Regiment. Vol.7. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, n.d. Wylly's accounts of the battalions in this unit tend to be short and episodic, but he does include some

Annotated Bibliography

159

tactical details. His discussion of Loos is more extensive. 993

Wylly, H. C. The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. 2 Vols. London: Royal United Service Institution, 1933. Battalions of this regiment were involved in many of the B.E.F.'s 1914-15 battles, and Wylly does an effective job of description and evaluation.

994

Wylly, H. C. The Sherwood Foresters in the Great War. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1924. Wylly writes clearly and makes clear the involvement of the regiment in the early battles, especially at the Aisne.

995

Wylly, H. C. A Short History of the Cameronians. 2nd ed. Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1939. Wylly follows various battalions in action particularly at Mons, Loos, and Neuve Chapelle. The focus on battalions, however, results in information being so scattered through the volume that extracting a complete picture is difficult.

996

Wylly, H. C. The York and Lancaster Regiment, 1758-1919. 2 Vols. Privately Published, n.d. One battalion of the regiment was in the First Division from the beginning of the war and a second arrived from India in early 1915.

997

Wynne, G. C. "The Battle of the Sambre:" (Charleroi-Mons), The 21st24th of August, 1914." Army Quarterly 4 (1922): 14-34. Wynne portrays this battle as the final check of the Schlieffen Plan.

998

[Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. III: The Fight for Hill 70, 25th-26th of September 1915." Army Quarterly 8 (July, 1924): 261 -73. An account of the German activity by an English officer and scholar.

999

[Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night Attack at Landrecies, 25th August, 1914." Army Quarterly 28 (July, 1934): 247-54. An account of the German activity by an English officer and scholar.

1000

[Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XVI: Aubers Ridge, 9th of May, 1915." Army Quarterly 36 (July, 1938): 242-48. An account of the German activity by an English officer and scholar.

1001

[Wynne, G. C] "The Other Side of the Hill, No. XVII: Neuve Chapelle, 10th-12th March, 1915." Army Quarterly 37 (Oct., 1938): 3046. An account of the German activity by an English officer and

160

The Battles of the B.E.F. scholar.

1002

Wynne, G. C. "Pattern for Limited (Nuclear) War: The Riddle of the Schlieffen Plan." (Part 1.) Royal United Service Institution Journal 102 (Nov., 1957): 488-99. Wynne argues that Schlieffen understood that firepower, especially machine guns, could be substituted for manpower. The British command never gained a real understanding of this tactical reality. Thus British attacks--Wynne cites all of the major battles of 1915--were bloody failures. Parts two and three of this series of essays, though interesting, are not relevant to the study of World War I.

1003

Wynne, G. C. "Reflections on Neuve Chapelle, March, 1915." The Fighting Forces. 12 (1935): 497-503. Provides information about the Germans and the movement of their reserves during the Battle of Neuve Chapelle.

1004

Wyrall, Everard. The Die-Hards in the Great War: A History of the Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment), 1914-1919. London: Harrison & Sons, n.d. Wyrall, a prolific unit historian, provides some campaign context and quite detailed tactical accounts of most of the battles in the first years of the war.

1005

Wyrall, Everard. The East Yorkshire Regiment in the Great War, 19141918. London: Harrison & Sons, 1928. Wyrall provides accounts of action in most of the battles from late 1914 through 1915, but he acknowledges that in the confused fighting in the salient it is very difficult to follow the battalions of a particular regiment.

1006

Wyrall, Everard. The Gloucestershire Regiment in the War, 1914-1918. London: Methuen, 1931. Wyrall provides short detailed accounts of all the major battles fought by the B.E.F., but he offers no commentary.

1007

Wyrall, Everard. The History of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, 1914-1919. London: Methuen, 1932. This volume includes details of virtually all the battles of the B.E.F. in 1914-15, and although the focus is narrow, the author does a reasonable job of supplying context.

1008

Wyrall, Everard. The History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool), 19141919. 3 Vols. London: Edward Arnold, 1928-35. The detailed coverage of battalions that comes from unit histories is very valuable. Wyrall does a better job than most unit historians,

Annotated Bibliography

161

especially when, as in this case, he is not restricted by limited space. 1009

Wyrall, Everard. The History of the 19th Division. London: Edward Arnold; Bradford: Lund, Humphries, n.d. Wyrall's description of the 19th Division's difficult situation in the second stage of the battle of Loos is quite clear and detailed. Unfortunately, he does not draw any conclusions about why, after initial success, problems developed for the second stage attack.

1010

Wyrall, Everard. The History of the SecondDivision, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, n.d. The Second Division was part of the original B.E.F. and involved in all of the major battles of 1914-15. Wyrall's descriptions of the various smaller units within the division is quite detailed but narrow in focus. The volumes are valuable mostly for tactical details.

1011

Wyrall, Everard. The History of the Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's), 1914-1919. London: Methuen, 1927. Wyrall follows battalions from this regiment through a number of battles in 1914-15, including Le Cateau, the retreat from Mons, and Loos.

1012

Wyrall, Everard. The West Yorkshire Regiment in the War, 1914-1918. 2 Vols. London: John Lane the Bodley Head, n.d. Wyrall includes descriptions of the battles of the Aisne, Armentières, Neuve Chapelle, and Bellewaerde, noting the growing tactical sophistication of the B.E.F.

1013

Young, B. K. "The Diary of An R.E. Subaltern with the B.E.F, 1914." The Royal Engineers Journal 47 (Dec, 1933): 549-71; 48 (March, 1934): 1-19. Young was in the 9th Field Company. Although technical at times, he is eloquent in his treatment of his experiences.

1014

Young, Peter. Great Battles of the World on Land, Sea & Air. New York: Bookthrift Publications, 1978. The Battle of the Marne is included in this volume, but it offers no more than a brief introduction.

1015

Ypres and the Battles for Ypres. London: Michelin, 1920; rpt. n.d. Although the Michelin Guides are intended for travelers, those, like this one, focused on battlefields provide much useful information about the locality and about the battle itself.

1016

Zurlinden, Général. La Guerre de Libération, 1914-1918. [The War of

162

The Battles of the B.E.F. Deliverance.] 2 Vols. Paris: Libarie Hachette, 1919. Zurlinden, a politician as well as soldier, tends to focus on the French, but he does have accounts of B.E.F. activities.

1017

Zwehl, General von. Erich von Falkenhayn, General der Infanterie. Eine Biographische Studie. [Erich von Falkenhayn, General of Infantry. A Biographical Study.] Berlin: Mittler, 1925. This biography, sympathetic to its subject, provides some analysis of German strategic thinking concerning the B.E.F.

1018

Zwehl, General von. Maubeuge-Aisne-Verdun. Berlin: Curtius, 1921. A well-supported account by a German commander who took Maubeuge and then delayed Haig on the Aisne.

Index Numbers show in regular type refer to entry numbers in the annotated bibliography. Numbers in bold type refer to pages in the historiographical essay. Numerals have been treated as if they were spelled out. Names with prefixes such as van and de, have been alphabetized according to customary usage. Thus van Kluck, for instance, appears under "K."

A. H. B., 1 action du Général Foch a la bataille de la Marne, L', 581 Adami, J. G., 2 Adams, Jack, 4 Adams, Bernard, 3 Adamson, Agar, 5 Adcock, Arthur, 6 Addington, Larry, 7 Advance from Mons 1914, The, 103 Adventures of a Dispatch Rider, 942 Adventures on the Western Front, August 1914 to June 1915, 777 Adye, John, 8 Air Aces of the 1914-1918 War, 806 Air Fighter's Scrapbook, 533 Air Power and Armies, 865 "Air Reconnaissance in Open Warfare: Two Incidents in the Advance to the Aisne in September, 1914," 866 Airman's War 1914-18, The, 589 Aisne, Battle of, 56, 58, 88, 106, 117, 127, 144, 153-54, 192, 221, 239, 333, 342, 384, 409, 505, 643, 718, 744, 750, 754, 819, 933, 987, 989, 994, 1012, 1018 Aitken, Max, 9 Alanbrooke, 336 Alarms and Excursions: Reminiscences of a Soldier, 136

Albert, King of the Belgians in the Great War: His Military Experiences Set Down With His Approval, 354 Aldrich, Mildred, 10 Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis, 718 Alexander, Harold, 478, 518 Alexander of Tunis As Military Commander, 518 Alexander of Tunis, 478 Allen, George H., 11 Allenby of Arabia, 359 Allenby of Armageddon, 830 Allenby: A Study in Greatness, 945 Allenby, Edmond, 5, 9, 63, 181, 359, 521, 830, 945 Ambition, Duty and Doctrine: Haig's Rise to High Command," 260 Andrew George Latta McNaughton, 18871966, 621 Andrew R. Buxton, the Rifle Brigade, A Memoir, 159 Andrews, William L., 12 Angel of Mons: Phantom Soldiers and Ghostly Guardians, The, 207 Anglesey, The Marquess of, 13 Anglo-French Relations and Strategy on the Western Front, 1914-1918, 752 Annals of an Active Life, 631 Annals of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, The,

164

The Battles of the B.E.F.

445 Another Garland from the Front: 5th Canadian Battalion (Western Cavalry), Saskatchewan Regiment, 42 Anthology of Armageddon, 714 Antwerp, 523, 626, 661, 734 Aperçu Historique sur les mouvements et opérations des Corps et Divisions de Cavalerie en liaison avec les Armées 1914-1918, 749 Aquila, 14 Argyle, Christopher, 406 Armageddon Road: A VC's Diary, 19141916, 220 Armed Forces of Canada, 1867-1967, The, 394 Armée Allemande Avant et Pendant La Guerre de 1914-1918, L', 250 Armée von Kluck à la Bataille de la Marne, L', 558 Armées françaises dan la Grande Guerre, Les, 334 Armour Against Fate: British Military Intelligence in the First World War, 724 Arnewood, 15 Arthur, George, 16-19, 755 Arthur Currie: The Biography of a Great Canadian, 923 Artillery, 14-18, 23, 1, 15, 43, 77, 85-87, 91, 94-95, 97, 123, 204-05, 228-29, 264, 309, 336, 398, 403, 416, 425, 485-86, 511, 517, 553, 555, 588, 621-22, 630, 642, 650, 660, 687, 745, 774, 824, 847, 854, 856, 872, 883, 895, 900, 934, 969, 971, 973 "Artillery Innovations in WWI," 511 "Artillery Development in the Great War," 97 "Artillery Tactics," 398 Arz, Arthur Albert, 20 Ascoli, David, 7, 10, 21 Ash, Bernard, 22 Ashby, John, 10, 23 Ashcroft, A. H., 24 Ashurst, George, 25 Asprey, Robert B. , 26-27 Aston, George, 28-29 At Antwerp and the Dardanelles, 331 At G.H.Q., 196 Atkinson, C. T., 31-35 Atlas of World War I, 380 Atteridge, A. Hilliard, 36-37, 959 Au service de la France, 755 Aubers Ridge, Battle of, 14-16, 23, 44, 58,

137, 206, 293, 313, 363, 433, 537, 645, 660, 924, 968, 987, 1000 Auld, S. J. M, 38 Aus der Gedankenwerkstatt des Deutschen Generalstabes, 325 Aus dem Kriege, 96 Aviation in Peace and War, 898 Azan, Paul, 39 Babin, Gustave, 40 Babington, Anthony, 41 Bader, Brian, 437 Bagshaw, G. B., 42 Bailey, O. F., 44 Bailey, Jonathan, 43 Bairnsfather, Bruce, 45 Baker, H. A., 47 Baker-Carr, C. D., 47 Balck, William, 48 Baldwin, Hanson W., 49 Baldwin, Harold, 50 Bales, P. G., 51 Ballard, C., 52 Ballard, C. R., 53 Banks, Arthur, 54 Banks, T. M., 55 Barclay, C.N., 56, 531 Barker, Ralph, 59 Barker, A. J., 58 Barnard, L. G., 60 Barnett, Correlli, 61 Barrie, Alexander, 62 Barrow, George, 63-64 Bartels, Willi,, 822 Bartz, Karl, 236 Bataille de la Marne, La, 514 Bataille de la Marne, La, 40 Bataille de la Marne, La, 442 Bataille de la Marne, La, 173 Bataille de la Marne (1914), La, 575 Batchelor, Peter, 65 Battine, Cecil, 66 Battle Book of Ypres, The, 131 Battlefields of the First World War: A Traveller's Guide, 492 Battle-Fields of the Marne (1914), 665 Battlefields of the World War: Western and Southern Fronts. A Study in Military Geography, 528 Battle Glory of Canada: Being the Story of the Canadians at the Front, Including the Battle of Ypres. The, 919 Battle of Le Cateau: 26 August, 1914. Tour of the Battlefield, The, 411 Battle of Loos, The, 18, 939

Index Battle of the Aisne, The, 409 Battle of the Marne, The, 410 Battle of the Marne, The, 748 "Battle of the Marne, 8th and 9th September, 1914, The,"563 "Battle of the Sambre:" (Charleroi-Mons), The 21st-24th of August, 1914, The," 997 Battle Sketches 1914-15, 473 Battles in Flanders, From Ypres to Neuve Chapelle, The, 254 Bauer, Max, 67 Baumann, Eberhard, 68 Baumgarten-Crusius, Artur, 70 Bax, E. O., 114 Bayerischer Kriegsarchiv, 71 Bayern in Grossen Kriege, 1914-1918, Die, 71 Baynes, John, 72-73, 531 Beadon, R. H., 330 Beattie, Kim, 74 Beaumont, Harry, 75 Becke, A. F., 76-77 Beckett, Ian, 22, 79, 80 Begbie, Harold, 81 Beginnings of Organized Air Power, The, 876 Belfield, Eversley, 82 Bell, F. McKelvey, 83 Belloc, Hilaire, 84 Benary, Albert, 85 Bennett, Arnold, 86 Berdinner, Harold F., 87 Berkeley, Reginald, 88 Bernhardi, General von, 89 Best, Thomas, 90 Bethell, B.A., 91 Beyond Courage: The Canadians at the Second Battle of Ypres, 15, 185 bibliographical/historiographical studies, 107, 224, 241, 296, 308, 471, 545, 623, 659, 720, 869, 927, 955 Bibliography of Regimental Histories of the British Army, A, 955 Bickers, Richard Townshend, 92-93 Bidwell, Shelford, 94-95 Binding, Rudolf, 96 Biographical Dictionary of World War I, 468 Biography of the Late Marshal Foch, The, 28 Birch, Noel, 97 Bircher, Eugen, 98 Bis zur Marne 1914, 901 Blacklock, Michael, 99 Blake F., 100 Blake, Robert (Lord), 23, 101 Blake, Wilfred, 969

165

Blin, Colonel, 102 Blitzkrieg Era and the German General Staff, 1865-1941, The, 7 Bloem, Walter, 103 Blond, Georges, 8, 104 Blunden, Edmund, 105 Bölsche, Arnold, 557 Bolwell, F. A., 106 Bond, Brian, 79, 107-09, 260 Bond, R. C., 110 Bond, R. L., 111 Bonham-Carter, Victor, 112 Booth, P., 113 Boraston, J. H., 114 Bordeau, Henry, 115 Border Regiment in the Great War, The, 986 Boucherie, Colonel, 116 Boullaire, Général, 117 Bourget, J.-M., 118 Bourne, J. M., 119-20 Bowden, W. G., 121 Bowyer, Chaz, 122 Boyd, William, 123 Brander, Michael, 124 Brasshat: A Biography of Field-Marshall Sir Henry Wilson, 215 Braun, Julius Ritter von, 125 Breaking of the Storm, 144 Bredin, A. E. C., 126 Brereton, F. S., 126-27 Brereton, J. M., 129 Brett, G. A., 130 Brice, Beatrice, 131-32 Bridge, F. Maynard, 133 Bridger, Geoffrey, 134 Bridges, Tom, 10, 135 Brief History of the Great War, A, 456 Brief Outline of the Story of the Canadian Grenadier Guards and the First Months of the Royal Montreal Regiment in the Great War, A, 136 Brigade of the Old Army, A, 430 Bristow, Adrian, 15, 137 Britain and the Great War 1914-1918, 119 British Archives and the Sources for the History of the World War, 433 "British Army and Signals Intelligence in the Field During the First World War, The," 318 British Army in the First World War: The Regulars, the Territorials, and Kitchener's Army With Some Campaigns Into Which They Fitted, The, 415

166

The Battles of the B.E.F.

British Army, Units of Argyll & Southern Highlanders, 383 Armies 1st, 13, 15-16, 963 2nd, 870 3td, 945 Baluch Regiment, Duke of Connaught's Own 4th Battalion, 910 Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment, 656 Black Watch, 12, 944 Border Regiment, 853, 986 Brigades 2nd, 508 4th, 518 10th, 430-31 11th , 673 14th, 164 Cambridgeshire Regiment, 798 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), 531, 995 2nd Battalion, 73 Cheshire Regiment, 239, 977 1st Battalion, 858 City of London Regiment, Royal Fusiliers 2nd Battalion, 419 Corps 1st, 5, 8-9, 17, 518, 820 2nd, 5, 7-19 3rd, 164 4th, 13, 17, 657 11th , 17 Indian, 231, 292, 41617, 661, 726, 932 Die Hards–See Middlesex Regiment Divisions 1st, 121, 996 2nd(Cavalry), 399, 910 2nd, 1010 3rd, 144, 930 4th, 657, 673, 883 5th, 505 6th, 222, 638 7th, 34, 158 8th, 114 9th (Scots), 9, 238, 302, 454, 900 th 12 (Eastern), 838

15th (Scottish), 889 18th , 72 19th, 1009 20th, 511 23rd, 826 47th, 121 51st( Highland), 812 Guards, 460 Lahor, 687, 910 Royal Naval, 734 Dorsetshire Regiment, 783 Dragoon Guards, 82 1st (Queen's), 363 2nd (Queen's Bays), 959 4th (Royal Irish), 295, 375 5 th (Princess of Wales'), 758 7th (Princess Royal's), 840 Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry, 192, 1007 Durham Light Infantry 5th Battalion, 773 8th Battalion, 928 East Kent Regiment (Buffs), 680 East Lancashire Regiment, 717, 782 East Yorkshire Regiment, 1005 Essex Regiment, 155 10th Battalion, 55 Gloustershire Regiment, 174, 407, 1006 Gordon Highlanders, 305 4th Battalion, 904 Green Howards–See Yorkshire Regiment Guards, Regiments of Cold Stream Guards, 314 Grenadier Guards, 609, 759 Irish Guards, 273, 478, 518, 550 Scots Guards, 751 Welsh Guards, 936 Gurkha Rifles, 2nd Battalion, King Edward VII's Own (Simoor Rifles) 848 3rd Battalion, Queen Alexandra's Own, 981 Hampshire Regiment – See Royal Hampshire Regiment

Index Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment), 723 Honourable Artillery Company, 205, 934 Hussars 3rd (King's Own), 960 4th (Queen's Own), 299 10th (Prince of Wales' Own Royal), 124, 953 11th (Prince Albert's Own), 434 14th/20th (King's), 722 15th (King's), 117 18th (Queen Mary's Own), 153 King Edward’s Horse, 522 King's Own Scottish Borderers, 384, 744 King’s Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 103, 990 King’s Royal Rifle Corps, 445, 624, 978 Lancashire Fusiliers, 25, 574 Leicestershire Regiment 1st and 2nd Battalions, 989 5th Battalion, 474 Life Guards, 475 Light Dragoons, Queen’s 16th Battalion, 402 Lincolnshire Regiment, 857 Liverpool (King's) Regiment, 1008 Liverpool Scottish, 619 London Regiment Battalion 13th (Kensingtons), 44 rd 2 3 Battalion, 327 London Rifle Brigade, 654, 801 London Scottish Regiment, 592 Lothian Regiment (Royal Scots), 946 Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 572, 993 1st Battalion, 508 Manchester Regiment, 991 Middlesex Regiment, Duke of Cambridge's Own, Die Hards, 1004 Monmouthshire Regiment lst /3rd Battalion, 729 2nd Battalion, 130 3rd Battalion, 265 19th Infantry Brigade

167

Train, 728 Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 851 Norfolk Regiment, 750 North Staffordshire Regiment, 222 Northhamptonshire Regiment, 427 Northumberland Fusiliers 1st Battalion, 408 Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment (Sherwood Foresters) 1st and 2nd Battalions, 987 1st/8th Battalion, 948 lst/7th, 2nd/7th, 3rd/3rd Battalions, 725 Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, 113, 246, 418 Oxfordshire Hussars, 542 Poona Horse 34th Battalion, 932 Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles, 481 Prince of Wales' Volunteers, 954 Punjab Regiment, 14th 5th Battalion, 941 Punjab Regiment, 16th 4th Battalion, 672 Queen Victoria’s Rifles, 453, 540 Queen’s Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 33 1st Battalion, 674 Queen's Royal Regiment, 992 Queen’s Westminster Rifles, 1st Battalion, 465 Rajputahna Rifles, 6th 5th Battalion (Napier's Rifles), 778 Rifle Brigade, 88, 149, 159, 220, 450, 914 15th Battalion, 816 Royal Army Medical Corps, 127, 194, 253, 561, 731, 812, 819, 823 Royal Army Service Corps, 237 Royal Berkshire Regiment, 195 Royal Dragoons, 31, 476 Royal Scots Greys, 99, 394 Royal Dublin Fusiliers, 184 Royal Engineers, 151, 161, 765, 766, 818, 982, 7th Field Company, 46 9th Field Company, 1013 12th Field Company, 161

168

The Battles of the B.E.F. 23rd Field Company, 111 59th Field Company, 933 107th Field Company, 775 Royal Field Artillery, 15, 228 Northumbrian Brigade, 727 Royal Flying Corps, 57, 59, 212, 380, 452, 533, 569, 611, 676, 721, 774, 799, 806, 866, 873, 876, 884, 894, 898, 912, 965, 966, 969, 973 Headquarters, 57 Second Squadron, 380 Royal Fusiliers, 730 Royal Garhwal Rifles, 274 Royal Garrison Artillery, 87 Royal Hampshire Regiment, 38, 985 Royal Horse Guards, 477 Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 333 Royal Irish Regiment, 367 Royal Irish Rifles, (later Royale r Rifles) 307 2nd Battalion, 605 Royal Irish Fusiliers, 245, 447 Royal Irish Rifles (later Royal Ulster Rifles), 307 Royal Munster Fusiliers 2nd Battalion, 524, 797 Royal Regiment of Artillery, 309, 854 Royal Regiment of Wales, 129 Royal Scots Fusiliers, 148, 868 Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 549 1st Battalion, 23 11th Battalion, 217 Royal Welch Fusiliers, 121, 156, 182, 280, 390, 863, 937 2nd Battalion, 792 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion, 293 17th (Service) Battalion, 257 Scinde Horse, Prince of Wales' Own, 652 Seaforth Highlanders 9th Battalion, 432 17th Lancers, 667 Sherwood Foresters–See

Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment Shropshire Light Infantry, 979 Sikh Pioneers, 625 Somerset Light Infantry, Prince Albert's, 673, 685, 1011 7th Battalion, 843 South Staffordshire Regiment, 924 6th Battalion, 218, 935 7th Battalion, 24 South Wales Borderers, 32 Special Brigade, 332, 795 Suffolk Regiment, 705 Surrey Yeomanry, 448 12th Royal Lancers, 890 Welch Regiment, 207 9th Battalion, 300 West Riding Regiment (Duke of Wellington's), 128, 146, 323, 576 West Surry Regiment, Queen's Royal 6th Battalion, 227 West Yorkshire Regiment, 58, 1012 6th Battalion, 905 Worchester Regiment, 352, 880 York and Lancashire Regiment, 996 Yorkshire Regiment (Princess of Wales' Own; Green Howards), 317, 988 British Artillery Weapons and Ammunition 1914-1918, 486 British Battalions in France and Belgium, 1914, 952 British Logistics on the Western Front, 19141919, 140 British Service Lee: The Lee-Metford and Lee-Enfield Rifles and Carbines, 1880-1980, The, 864 British Strategy and War Aims, 1914-1916, 339 Britons To Arms! The Story of the British Volunteer Soldier, 887 Brophy, John, 138 Brown, Fredric J., 139 Brown, Ian Malcolm, 140 Brown, Malcolm, 141-43 Brownlow, C. A. L., 144 Bruce, Anthony, 145 Bruce, C. D., 146 Bryant, Arthur, 147 Buch vom Kriege 1914-1918: Urkunden,

Index Berichte, Briefe, Erinnentngen, Das, 832 Buchan, John, 148-49, 889 Bucholz, Arden, 150 Buckland, Reginald U. H., 151 Bullets and Billets, 46 Bülow, Karl Paul Wilhelm von, 61, 67, 152, 289, 365, 556, 559, 984 Bunnermann, A., 650 Burne, A. H., 1 Burnett, C., 153 Burrows, A. R., 154 Burrows, John W., 155 Burton, F. N., 156 Busemann, Wilhelm, 157 But This Is Our War, 233 Butler, P. R., 158 Buxton, Andrew R., 159 Caffrey, Kate, 160 Callwell, C. E., 162-64 Caldwell, M. R., 161 Cambridgeshires 1914 to 1919., The, 798 Cameron, James, 166 Cameron, Kenneth, 167 Camon, Général, 168 Campagne de la Marne, La 566 Campaign of the Marne 1914, The 921 Campaign of 1914 in France & Belgium, The, 747 Campaigns and History of the Royal Irish Regiment. Vol.2: From 1900 to 1922, The, 367 Canada at War: A Record of Heroism and Achievement, 1914-1918, 495 Canada/ Canadians, 15, 23, 272, 381-82, 394-95, 403, 428, 495, 503, 507, 520, 539, 544-45, 690-92, 705, 707-09, 743, 753, 772, 776, 787, 794, 799, 804-05, 844, 849, 855, 861, 885, 895-96, 902, 919, 92223, 931, 940, 950, 964, 973-74, 983 Canada. Historical Section, Army Headquarters, 169 Canada in Flanders: The Official Story of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 9 Canada in Khaki, 170 Canada in the Great War, 275 Canada's Sons and Great Britain in the World War, 708 Canada's Triumph: From Amiens to Mons, 520 Canadian Airmen and the First World War: The Official History of The Royal

169

Canadian Air Force Volume I, 973 Canadian Army 1855-1965: Lineages-Regimental Histories, The, 271 Canadian Army, Units of British Columbia Regiment, 678 Canadian Field Artillery 1st Brigade, 403 23 rd Battery, 622 Canadian Scottish Regiment 16th Battalion, 922 East Ontario Regiment 2nd Battalion, 707 1st Brigade, 247 4th Battalion, 378 1st Division 7th Battalion, 844 10th Battalion, 251, 488 15th Battalion, 246 48th Highlanders, 74 Grenadier Guards 136 No. 1 General Hospital Nova Scotia Regiment 25th Battalion, 613 Ontario Regiment, 931 Princess Patricia's Light Infantry, 5, 483, 704, 794, 964 Royal Highlanders 13th Battalion, 321 Royal Montreal Regiment, 136 1st Battalion, 320 Royal Regiment of Artillery, Ottawa, 517 Royal Winnipeg Rifles, 902 Saskatchewan Regiment, 5th Battalion, 42 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 678 7th Battalion, 772 16th Battalion, 839 3rd Brigade, 321 13th Battalion, 646 31st Battalion, 817 Victoria Rifles 24th Battalion, 322 Canadian Front in France and Flanders, The, 849 Canadian Military Experience 1867-1983: A Bibliography, The, 224 "Canadian Soldier in the Great War: The Experiences of Frank Maheux, A," 690 Canadian War Pictorial, The, 171 Canadian War Records Office, 171-72 Canadians in France, 1915-1918, The, 885 Cannon Fodder: An Infantryman's Life on

170

The Battles of the B.E.F.

the Western Front, 269 Canonge, Gen., 173 "Capper and the Offensive Spirit," 859 Capper, Thompson, 859 Carew, Tim, 174-76 Carnets de Galliéni, Le, 355 Carnock, Lord, 177 Carrothers, John Samuel, 178 Carrying On: After the First Hundred Thousand, 454 Carstairs, Carroll, 179 Cartier, Raymond et Jean-Pierre, 180 Carver, Michael, 181 Cary, A. D. L., 182 Cary, G. V., 183 Casey, Edward, 184 Cassar, George, 11, 15, 19-20, 22, 185-88 Casualties and Medical Statistics of the Great War: Official Medical History of the War, 671 "Casualties and Medical Statistics of the British Forces During the World War," 602 Cavalerie Française dans la Guerre Mondiale, La, 364 Cave, Nigel, 189-91, 260 Champs de l'Ourcq: atmosphère, la bataille, en souvenir, Les, 815 Channing-Renton, E. M., 192 Chapman, Guy, 195 Chapin, Harold, 193 Chapman, John, 195 Charteris, John, 24, 196-98 Chasseaud, Peter, 199 Chell, R. A., 55 Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War I, 795 Chemical Warfare: A Study in Restraints, 139 Chemical Warfare, 879 Cheshire Regiment or 22nd Regiment of Foot: The First Battalion at Mons and the Miniature Colour, The, 858 Chevrillon, André, 200 Chink: A Biography, 408 Chisholm, Cecil, 201 Christie, N. M., 5, 202 Christmas Truce: The Western Front December 1914, 143 Chronicle of the First World War, 19141918, 406 Church in the Fighting Line with General Smith-Dorrien at the Front: Being the Experiences of a Chaplain in Charge of an Infantry

Brigade, The, 970 Churchill, Winston S., 203, 661 Chute, Arthur H., 205 Clapham, H. S., 205 Clark, Alan, 20, 206 Clarke, David, 207 Clayton, C. P., 208 Clayton, M. C, 798 Clayton, P. B., 209 Clowes, Peter, 210 Coldstream Guards, 1914-1918, The, 814 Cole, Christopher, 212 Coleman, Frederic, 213 Colin, Gen., 214 Collected Materials for the Study of the War, 623 Collier, Basil, 215 Collier's Photographic History of the European War, Including Sketches and Drawings Made on the Battle Fields, 216 Collinson, C. S., 217 Columban, Dame M., 218 "Command and Control on the 'Great Retreat' of 1914: The Disintegration of the British Cavalry Division," 360 "Command in Crisis: The British Expeditionary Force and the Forest of Mormal, August 1914," 361 Command in the Royal Naval Division: A Military Biography of Brigadier General A. M. Asquith, DSO, 734 Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1914-1918,, 767 Commandement Unique, Le, 663 Committee of Officers Who Served with the Battalion, 219 Comyns, A. P., 156 Conduite de la Guerre jusqu'a la Bataille de la Marne, 423 Congreve, Billy, 220 Congreve, Walter Norris, 914 Congreve, William La Touche, 220, 914 Congreves: Father and Son, The, 914 Conneau, Général, 221 Cook, Hugh C. B., 222 Cook, Tim, 15, 223 Cooke, E. D. M. H., 15 Cooke, O. A., 224 Cooksley, Peter G., 225 Cooper, Alfred Duff, 226 Coppard, George, 227 Corbett-Smith, A., 228-29

Index Corda, H., 230 "Corps in the Making: The Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919, A," 753 Corrigan, Gordon, 231 Cowley, Robert, 232 Craig, Grace Morris, 233 Craig, Gordon, 500 Craster, J. M., 234 Creagh, O'Moore, 235 Cremers, Paul Joseph, 236 Crew, Graeme, 237 Croft, W. D., 238 Crookenden, Arthur, 239 Crosse, R. B., 240 Cru, Jean Norton, 241 "Crumps": The Plain Story of a Canadian Who Went, 539 Cruttwell, C. R. M. F., 242-43 Cuneo, John R., 244 Cunliffe, Marcus, 245 Currie, Arthur, 23, 252, 507, 896, 923 Curry, Frederick. C., 247 Currie, J. A., 246 Dahlmann, Reinhold, 248 Dahms, R., 249 D'Almeida, P. Camena, 250 Dancocks, Daniel G., 15, 251-3 Dane, Edmund, 254 Daniell, D. S., 35, 255 Dardanelles Campaign, 1915: Historiography and Annotated Bibliography, The, 927 Davis, Emlyn, 257 Davis, Joyce, 781 Davis, Richard Harding, 258 De Lisle, Beauvoir, 262 De Groot, Gerald J., 260-61 Dearden, Harold, 259 Death of an Army: The First Battle of Ypres, 3, 12, 311 Death of a Generation: From Neuve Chapelle to Verdun and the Somme, The, 497 Deductions from the World War, 347 "Demolitions Carried Out at Mons During the Retreat, 1914," 151 Despatches of Lord French: Mons, the Marne, the Aisne, Flanders, Neuve Chapelle, the Second Battle of Ypres, Loos, Hohenzollerin Redoubt, and a Complete List of the Officers and Men Mentioned, The, 342 Deutelmoser, Major, 263

171

deutsche Landkrieg, Der, 836 Deutsche Generalstab in Vorbereitung und Durchfürung der Weltkrieg, Der, 565 Deutsche Heerführung im Marnefeldzug, 1914, 69 Deutsche Kavallerie in Belgien und Frankreich 1914, Die, 760 deutsche Wehrmacht, 1914-1939, Die, 913 Deutschen Luftreitkräfte im Weltkriege, Die, 712 Deutschlands Heldenkampf, 1914-1918, 89 Deutschland im ersten Krieg, 554 Deutschland und der Erste Weltkrieg, 546 Deutschlands Krieg in der Luft; ein Rückblick auf die Entwichlung und die Leistungen unserer Heers Luffstreitkräfte im Weltkrieg, 485 deux batailles de la Marne, 5-11 septembre, 1914-15-18 juillet 1918, Les, 526 Devenish, George, 264 Diack, Peter, 904 Diary of a World War I Cavalry Officer, The, 494 "Diary of An R.E. Subaltern with the B.E.F., 1914, The," 1013 Diary of Lieut. J. B. W. Pennyman, August 4th to October 1st , 1914,. 744 Die-Hards in the Great War: A History of the Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment), 19141919, The, 1004 Diex Aïx: The Guernseymen Who Marched Away, 1914-1918, 741 Disenchantment, 677 Distant Thunder: Canada's Citizen-Soldiers on the Western Front, 544 Distinguished Service Order Awarded to Members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and Canadians in the Royal Naval Air Service, the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force, 1915-1920., The, 799 Division de Fer, La, 214 Division du Maroc aux Marais de SaintGond (5-10 Septembre, 1914), La, 591 Dixmude, Battle of, 552 Dixon, Janet, 265 Dixon, John, 15, 265-66 Dixon, Norman, 267 Dockrill, Michale, 786 Doctrine and Dogma: German and British Infantry Tactics in the First World

172

The Battles of the B.E.F.

War, 825 Documents Allemands sur la Bataille de la Marne, 559 Dog Story of the Princess "Pats": Mopping Up! Through the Eyes of Bobbie Burns, Regimental Mascot, A, 704 Doings of the 15th Infantry Brigade, August 1914 to March 1915, 386 Dolbey, Robert V., 268 Dolden, A. Stuart, 269 Donkeys, The, 206 Donovan, Tom, 270 Dorman-Smith, Eric, 408 Dornbush, C. H., 271 Douglas Haig, 862 Douglas Haig as I Knew Him, 276 Douglas Haig, 1861-1928, 261 Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier, 3, 906 Dovey, Ed, 598-99 Dow, Gene, 272 Doyle, Arthur Conan, 2, 73 Drake-Brockman, D. H., 274 drame de l'Yser: la surprise des gaz (avril, 1915), Le, 686 Drew, G. A., 275 Drinker, Frederick E., 810 Ducan, G. S., 276 Duffour, Général, 277 Duguid, A. Fortescue, 278 Dungan, Myles, 279 Dunn, J. C., 280 Dupont, Gen. C. J., 281 Dupuy, Trevor N., 282, 437 Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste, 283 Dusty Measure: A Record of Troubled Times, 680 Duthie, W. S., 583 Dynamics of Doctrine: The Changes in German Tactical Doctrines During the First World War, The, 607 E.A.F., 284 Eassie, R. M., 42 East Yorkshire Regiment in the Great War, 1914-1918, The, 1005 Easton, John, 696 Eastwood, Thomas Ralph, 285 Eberhardt, Walter von, 286 Echoes From Hell: Letters From the Western Front, 645 Edmunds, J. E., 289 Edmonds, James, 287-88 Effondrement du plan Allemand en septembre 1914, L', 168 Egremont, Max, 290

Ehrenbuch der deutschen Feldartillerie, Das, 85 8th Battalion the Durham Light Infantry, 1793-1926, 928 Eighth Division in War, 1914-1918, 114 Einem, Karl von, 291 Elements of the Great War, The 84 11th Royal Warwicks in France 1915-16, The, 217 Ellinwood, DeWitt C., 292 Ellis, C., 293 Ellis, John, 294 Emden, Richard van, 295 Emperor's Chambermaids: History of the 14th/20th King's Hussars, 722 Empire at War, The, 604 England and the War, 1914-1915, 200 English and Welsh Infantry Regiments: An Illustrated Record of Service, 1662-1994, 951 Enser, A. G. S., 296 Entwicklung der Taktik im Weltkrieg, 48 Epic Actions of the First World War, 401 Erich von Falkenhayn, General der Infanterie. Eine Biographische Studie, 1017 Erinnerungen an den Marnefeldzug 1914: mit einer einleitenden kritischen Studie, 551 Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente, 675 Erinnerungen eines Soldaten, 1853-1933, 291 Erinnerungsblätter deutscher Regimenter. Auszüge aus den Amtlichen Kriegtagebüchern, 785 Ernsthafte Plauderein über den Weltkrieg, 693 erste Weltkrieg, Der, 732 Erste Weltkrieg, Der, 469 Esher, Reginald, Viscount, 297 Esposito, Vincent J., 882 Essenm, L. van der, 298 Essex Regiment, 155 European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia, The, 920 Evans, H. K. D., 299 Evans, I. O., 714 Evans, M. St. H., 300 Evans, Martin Manx, 301 Everyman at War; Sixty Personal Narratives of the War, 771 "Evolution of Intercommunication in France, 1914-1918," 765 Evolution of Victory: British Battles on the Western Front, 1914-1918, The, 10, 856

Index Ewart, Wilfrid, 751 Ewing, John, 302-03 "Experiences with the First Western Ontario Regiment, Canadian Expeditionary Force," 931 Experiences of a Dug-Out, 1914-1918, 162 Eye in the Air: History of Air Observation and Reconnaissance for the Army, 1785-1945, The, 660 Eye Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I, 294 Falkenhayn, General Erich, 27-28, 304, 1017 Falls, Cyril, 305-08 Famous Generals of the Great War Who Led the United States and Her Allies to a Glorious Victory, 530 Far From a Donkey: The Life of General Sir Ivor Maxse, 71 Farewell, Leicester Square: The Old Contemptibles 12 August-19 November 1914, 160 Farndale, Martin, 309 Farrar, Martin, 310 Farrar-Hockley, Anthony H., 3, 12, 311-13 Fatalist at War, A, 96 Fateful Battle Line: The Great War Journals and Sketches of Captain Henry Ogle, The, 391 Feilding, Rowland, 314 Feldartillerie-Regiment Prinzregent Luitpold von Bayern (Magdeburgisches) nr. 4, 822 Fendrich, Anton, 315 Ferguson, Niall, 316 Ferrar, M. L., 317 Ferris, John, 318 Ferro, Marc, 319 Festubert, Battle of, 16, 2, 9, 100, 106, 257, 313, 320, 328, 333, 336, 363, 524, 537, 592, 609, 652, 662, 667, 672, 797, 812, 819, 884, 900, 922, 924, 932, 989 Fetherstonhaugh, R. C., 320-22 Field Marshal Earl Haig, 197 Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson: His Life and Diaries, 163 Fields of Death: Battle Scenes of the First World War, 867 Fields of Memory: A Testimony to the Great War, 821 Fifteen Rounds a Minute': The Grenadiers at War, August to December 1914, 234 Fifteenth (Scottish) Division, The, 889 Fifth Army, The, 399

173

Fifth Battalion The Durham Light Infantry, 1914-1918, The, 773 Fifth Division in the Great War, The, 505 Fifth Leicestershire, 1914-1918, The, 474 56e Division au Feu, La, 255 Fire of Life, The, 63 "Fire Over Mons," 210 Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945, 95 First Air War: A Pictorial History 19141919, The, 918 1st and 2nd Battalions the Sherwood Foresters (Nottingham and Derbyshire Regiment) in the Great War, The, 987 1st Battalion the Faugh-A-Ballaghs in the Great War, The, 154 First Battle of the Marne, The, 26 First Battle of Ypres, The, 175 First Canadians in France; The Chronicle of a Military Hospital in the War Zone, 83 First Hundred Thousand Being the Unofficial Chronicle of a Unit of "K(I)", The, 455 First Seven Divisions: Being a Detailed Account of the Fighting from Mons to Ypres, The, 434 First World War: A Complete History, The, 381 First World War: A Photographic History, The, 881 First World War: An Eyewitness History, The, 551 First World War and British Military History, The, 107 First World War and the Birth of the Modern Style of Warfare, The, 43 First World War: Germany and AustriaHungary, 1914-1918, The, 467 First World War, The, 809 First World War, The, 499 First World War, The, 892 First World War, The, 547 First World War, The, 768 First World War, The, 915 First World War, 1914-1918, The , 789 First World War, 1914-1918, The, 907 First World War. Vol. I: To Arms, The, 893 First Ypres 1914: The Graveyard of the Old Contemptibles, 598 Fisher, John J., 323 Five Years in the Royal Flying Corps, 611 Fletcher, C. R. L., 324 Flying and Soldiering, 676

174

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Flying Corps Headquarters, 1914-1918, 57 Foch à la Marne: La 9e Armée aux marais de Saint-Gond (5-10 septembre 1914), 929 Foch as Military Commander, 641 Foch, Ferdinand, 37, 181, 214, 504, 526, 578, 581, 584, 591, 641, 663, 736, 769, 781, 929, 943 Foch: Man of Orleans, 584 Foerster, Wolfgang, 325-26 Following the Drum, 329 For the Duration: The Story of the Thirteenth Battalion the Rifle Brigade, 816 For the Sake of Example: Capital Courts Martial, 1914-1920, 41 For Valour, 122 Forbes, A., 327 Forestier-Walker, George, 22 Forged by Fire: The Battle Tactics and Soldiers of a WWI Battalion, The 7th Somerset Light Infantry, 685 Forgotten Soldiers, 352 Former Officers of the Regiment, 328 Fortescue, J. W., 329-30 "Fortnightly" History of the War, The, 706 Forty Days in 1914, 653 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1891-1928, 74 47th(London)Division, 1914-1919, The, 651 Foster, C. L., 583 Foster, H. C, 331 Foulkes, C. H., 332 Four Years on the Western Front: Being the Experiences of a Ranker in the London Rifle Brigade, 801 Fourteen-Eighteen, 649 Fourth Battalion (Duke of Connaught's Own) 10th Baluch Regiment in the Great War, The, 910 4th (Denbighshire) Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers in the Great War, The, 293 th 4 (Queen's Own) Hussars in the Great War, The, 299 Fox, Frank, 333 "France and Belgium, 1914: Part II The Battle of the Aisne and the Race to the Sea," 56 "France and Belgium, 1914: Part I The Opening Moves and the Battle of the Marne," 56 France. Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-Major de l'Armée. Service Historique, 334 Franchet D'Esprey, 39 François, Hermann von, 335

Fraser, David, 336 Fraser, Pamela, 914 Frauenholz, E. von, 337 French, Anthony, 338 French Army, Units of Armies 5th, 8, 21, 39, 98, 513, 653 6th, 256 9th, 98 Corps, Cavalry 1st , 582 2nd, 117 Divisions 42nd, 943 56th, 256 Moroccan French, Gerald, 24, 343-46 French, David, 339-40, 786 French, John, 2, 5, 7-17, 19-24, 16-17, 21, 28, 52-53, 78, 186, 188, 197, 201, 213, 243, 297, 313, 341-46, 359, 484, 489, 504, 513, 530, 573, 584, 588, 631, 635, 642, 663, 820, 870-72, 980 French Replies to Haig, 343 Freytag-Lounghoven, Baron von, 347 From Chauffeur to Brigadier, 47 From Mons to Loos: Being the Diary of a Supply Officer, 887 From Mons to the First Battle of Ypres, 508 From Mons to Ypres with General French, 213 From Montreal to Vimy Ridge and Beyond, The Correspondence of Lieut. Clifford Almon Wells of the 8th Battalion, Canadians, B.E.F., November, 1915-April, 1917, 950 From Otterpool to the Rhine With the 23rd Battery, Canadian Field Artillery, Via Caestre, St. Eloi, Ypres, The Somme, Vimy, Hill 70, Cinnabar Trench, Passchendaele, Arras, Amiens, Cambria, Valenciennes, Mons, 622 From Private to Field Marshal, 807 "From the Aisne to Ypres, 1914: Further Incidents in the Story of the 59th Field Company, R.E," 933 From the St. Lawrence to the Yser With the 1st Canadian Brigade, 247 From Ypres to Cambrai: The 1914-1919 Diary of Infantryman Frank Hawkins, 453 Frothingham, Thomas G., 348

Index Fryer, E. R. M., 349 Fuller, J. F. C, 350, 786 Fusilier-Regiment Prinz Heinrich von Preussen (Brandenburgisches) No. 35 im Weltkrieg, Das, 784 Fyfe, Albert J., 351 G. H. Q. (Montreuil-sur-Mer), 424 G. S. 0., 424 Gaffen, Fred, 352 Gale, Richard, 353 Galet, E. J., 354 Gallant Canadians: The Story of the Tenth Canadian Infantry Battalion, 1914-1919, 251 Galliéni, Joseph Simon, 355-56 Galloper at Ypres and Some Subsequent Adventures, A, 158 Gambardier: Giving Some Account of the Heavy and Siege Artillery in France, 1914-1918, The, 847 GambierF., 357 Gamelin, General M., 358 Gardner, John J., 613 Gardner, Nikolas, 3, 7, 360-62 Gardner, Brian, 359 Gas, 487 Gas and Flame, 38 Gas Attack at Ypres: A Study in Military History, The, 445 Gas Attack! Chemical Warfare 1915-18 and Afterwards, 683 Gas Attack!: The Canadians at Ypres, 1915, 202 Gas in the Next War, 916 Gas, Poison, 1, 15-18, 38, 86, 125, 139, 157, 189, 194, 223, 251, 320, 332, 389, 429, 437, 444, 487, 555, 557, 577, 632, 683, 686, 709, 719, 737, 788, 795, 800, 822, 879, 916, 947, 962, 982 Gas! The Battle for Ypres, 1915, 632 "Gas"! The Story of the Special Brigade, 332 Gavaghan, Michael, 353 Gazin, F., 364 Gebsattel, Gen. von, 365 Gegen Frankreich und Albion, 315 Generalfeldmarschall Karl von Billow, 365 General Foch at the Marne: An Account of the fighting in and Near the Marshes of Saint-Gond, 578 General Headquarters, 1914-1916, and Its Critical Decisions, 304 GeneralJack'sDiary, 1914-1918, 516 Général Maistre, 115 General Sir Arthur Currie: A Military

175

Biography, 507 Generalship, Its Diseases and Their Cure, 350, 786 Generalstabler, Einem, 366 Generation Is Missing, A, 179 Genèse de la Bataille de la Marne, La, 579 Geoghegan, Stannus, 367 Geographical Section Report on Survey on the Western Front, 1914-1918, 412 "Geographical and Survey Work in France, Especially in connection with Artillery, "971 Germains, Victor Wallace, 368 German Air Force in the Great War, The, 712 German Army, Units of Air Force, 712, 286, 485, 913 Armies 1st, 556, 558, 566, 784, 886, 984 2nd, 98, 365, 563 3rd, 98 Divisions 6th, 784 7th, Reserve, 972 26th, Reserve, 561 27th, 561 th 54 Reserve Division 54th Wuttemberg Reserve field Artillery, 555 Infantry Regiment No. 77, 947 Medical Services, 561 Prince Friedrich Infantry Netherland Regiment (2ndWestphalian), 800 Royal Saxon Infantry Regiment No.133, 717 Saxon Reserve Fusilier Battalion No. 13, 541 3rd Oberelsässich Field Artillery Regiment No. 80, 650 35th Fusilier Regiment of Prince Heinrich of Prussia, 784 12th Brandenburg Grenadiers, 103 28th Wurttemberger Reserve Regiment, No. 248, 788 245lh Reserve Regiment, 564 231th Reserve Regiment, 557 German Cavalry 1914 in Belgium and France, The, 760 German General Staff, 369 German High Command at War: Hindenburg

176

The Battles of the B.E.F.

and Ludendorff Conduct World War I, The, 27 German high command, 27, 281, 304, 325, 366, 565, 675 German Students' War Letters, 975 Germany in Defeat: A Strategic History of the War--First Phase, 874 Germany. Reichsarchiv, 370-74 Geschichte des Grössen Krieges, 1914-1918, Zur 20 Geschichte des Krieges, 886 Geschichte des Reserve Infanterie Regiments 245 im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Die, 564 Geschichte des 3 Oberelsässich Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 80, 650 Gibb, H., 375 Gibbs, Philip, 376 Gibson, George Herbert Rae, 772 Gibson, Mary, 377 Gibson, W. L., 378 Gilbert, Adrian, 379 Gilbert, Felix, 500 Gilbert, Martin, 308-81 Giles, John, 382 Gillespie, A. D., 383 Gillon, Stair, 384 Giraud, Victor, 385 Givenchy, Battle of, 3, 30, 257, 432, 481, 592, 662, 778, 840, 981 Gleichen, Edward (Lord), 386 Gleichen-Russwurm, Heinrich von, 387 Gliddon, Gerald, 388 Glogowski, Ernst, 389 Glorious Glosters, The, 174 Gloucestershire Regiment in the War, 19141918, The, 1006 Gloucestershire Regiment: War Narratives, 1914-1915, The, 407 Glover, Michael, 390-92 Going Across or With the 9th Welch in the Butterfly Division: Being Extracts from the War Letters and Diary of M. St. Helier Evans, 300 Gone for a Soldier, 338 Goodbye to All That, 17, 405 Goodinge, Anthony, 393 Goodspeed, D. J., 394-95 Gordon, George Stuart, 396 Gordon Highlanders in the First World War 1914-1919, The, 305 Gordon-Smith, Gordon, 760 Görlitz, Walter, 397 Goschen, A. A., 398

Gough, Hubert, 8, 24, 312, 359, 399-400, 521, 742 Goughie: The Life of General Sir Hubert Gough, 312 Gould, R. W., 401 Graf Schlieffen und der Weltkrieg, 326 Graham, Dominick, 95 Graham, Henry, 402 Granatstein, J. L., 692 Grande Guerre des Français: Le Incompréhensible, Le, 283 Grande Guerre, 1914-1918, La, 911 Grande Guerre, La, 915 Grande Guerre sur le front occidental, La, 735 grandes Étapes de la Victorie 1914-1918, Les, 976 Grant, Reginald, 403 Grant, W., 404 Graves, Robert, 17, 405 Gray, Randal, 406 Grazebrook, R. M., 407 Greacen, Lavinia, 408 Great Battles of the World on Land, Sea & Air, 1014 Great Battles of World War I, 593 Great Britain and the War 1914-1918, 980 Great Britain. General Staff Studies, 409-10 Great Britain. War Office, 411-13 Great Push, The, 620 Great War and the R.A.M.C., The, 127 Great War as I Saw It, 839 Great War Generals on the Western Front, The, 710 Great War: I Was There!, The 439 Great War in 1914, The, 846 Great War in the Air: Military Aviation from 1909 to 1921, The, 689 Great War in the Air, The, 668 Great War, 1914-1918, The, 319 Great War, 1914-1918, The, 324 Great War of 1914-1918, The, 29 Great War, The, 306 Green Howards in the Great War, 19141919, The, 988 Green Howards, The, 762 Green, Horace, 414 Green, Howard, 415 Greenhut, Jeffrey, 416-17 Greenwell, Graham, 418 Gregory, E. C., 905 Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von Preussen (2 Brandenburgishes) Nr. 12, Das, 834 Grenadier Guards in the Great War of 1914-

Index 1919, The, 759 Grey, W. E., 419 Grierson, James, 5 Grimshaw, R. W. W. "Roly," 932 Groom, Winston, 12, 420 Gros, Gaston, 421 grosse krieg aus der Froschperspektive, Die, 249 Grosse Krieg im Feld und Heimat, 67 Grosser Bilderatlas des Weltkrieges, 422 Grouard, Lieut.-Colonel, 423 Grove, Lilly M., 633 Gudmundsson, Bruce I., 425-26 Guerre de Libération, 1914-1918, La, 1016 Guerre de 1914-1918: les operations militarires, La, 560 Guerre Mondiale, 1914-18, La, 230 Guide to the Military History of the World War, 1914-1918, A, 348 Guide to the Sources of British Military History, A, 471 Guide to the Western Front: A Companion for Travellers, A, 711 Gunners at War: A Tactical Study of the Royal Artillery in the Twentieth Century, 94 Gurdon, J. E., 712 Gurney, Russell, 427 Guth, Karl, 650 Gutsche, Willilbald, 554 Gwyn, Sandra, 428 Haacke, Ulrich, 832 Haber, L. F., 429 Haig, 198 Haig, 226 Haig: A Reappraisal 70 Years On, 79 "Haig and French," 79 Haig and the Historians," 120 Haig as Military Commander, 642 Haig, Douglas, 2, 5, 12-14, 16-20, 22-24, 17, 28, 80, 101, 112, 120, 181, 19698, 226, 260-61, 276, 288, 343, 359, 521, 587-88, 642, 663, 749, 786, 845, 853, 862, 872, 906, 1018 Haking, R. C. B., 17 Haldane, M. M., 432 Haldane, Aylmer, 430-31 Hall, Hubert, 333 Hamilton, Ernest, 2, 434 Hamilton, Nigel, 435 Hamilton, Ralph G. A. (Master of Belhaven), 436 Hammerton, Gay M., 437 Hammerton, J. A., 438-39

177

Hanbury-Sparrow, A. A., 440 Handbuch zur deulschen Militärgeschichte, 669 Hankey, Donald, 441 Hankey Man of Secrets, 813 Hanotaux, Gabriel, 8, 442-43 Hanslian, Rudolph, 444 Hare, Steuart, 445 Harper, George, 7 Harrington, Charles, 446 Harris, Henry, 446 Harrison-Ainsworth, E. D., 448 Hart, H. Eaton, 104 Hart, Peter, 884 Hartcup, Guy, 449 Harvey, Basil, 450 Haunting Years: The Commentaries of a War Territorial, 12 Hausen, General Freiherr von, 451 Haul Commandement allemand en 1914, Le, 281 Hawke Battalion: Some Personal Records of Four Years, 1914-1918, The, 523 Hawker, Tyrrel Mann, 452 Hawker V.C.: The Biography of the Late Lanoe George Hawker, 452 Hawkins, Frank, 453 Hay, Ian, 454-55 Hayes, Grace P., 457 Hayes, Carlton J. H., 456 Haythornthwaite, Philip J., 458-59 Hazy Red Hell: Fighting Experiences on the Western Front, 1914-1918, 269 Headlam, Cuthbert, 460 Heaton, Frank, 461 Helfferich, Karl, 462 Helmut Schnitter, 732 Henniker, A. M., 463 Henriques, J. Q., 464 Hentsch, Richard, 289, 563, 566, 606, 701, 943 Herbert, Aubrey N. H., 465 Herman, Gerald, 466 Herwig, Holger, H., 467-68 Herzfeld, Hans, 469 Hesse, Anton Y., 760 Heyman, Neil M., 468, 470 High Command in the World War, 770 Higham, Robin, 471 Hildenbrandt, Fred, 472 Hilditch, A., 473 Hill 60, Battle of, 189, 384, 505, 540, 850 Hill 60: Ypres, 189 Hills, J. D., 474 Hills, R. J. T., 475-77

178

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Hillson, Norman, 478 Hilltop on the Marne, A, 10 Histoire de la Grande Guerre, 385 Histoire de la Grand Guerre, 600 Histoire de la grande guerre, 1914-1918, 779 Histoire de la Guerre Mondiale, 277 Histoire de la Première Guerre Mondiale, 357 Histoire Illustrée de la Guerre de 1914, 443 Historical Atlas of World War I, The, 594 "Historical Literature on Canada's Participation in the Great War," 545 Historical Record of the 4th Battalion 16th Punjab Regiment, 672 Historical Records of the Buffs East Kent regiment (3rd Foot) Formerly Designated the Holland Regiment and Prince George of Denmark's Regiment, 1914-1919, 681 Historical Section (Military Branch) Committee of Imperial Defense, 479 Historique des corps de cavalerie commandés par le général Conneau du 14 août 1914 au 2 mars 1917, 221 Historique du Corps de Cavalerie Sordet, 116 Historique du 2e. Corps de Cavalerie du ler. octobre 1914 au ler. janvier 1919, 117 History and Records of Queen Victoria's Rifles, 1792-1922, The, 540 History and War Records of the Surrey Yeomanry (Queen Mary's Regt.), 1797-1928, The, 448 History of British Cavalry: The Western Front, 1915-18, 13 History of King Edward's Horse, The, 522 History of the Black Watch in the Great War, 1914-1918, A 944 History of the Cameronians (Scottish Rifles), The, 531 History of the Cheshire Regiment in the Great War, The, 239 History of the Dorsetshire Regiment, 19141919, 783 History of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, 1914-1919, The, 1007 History of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment, 1881-1923, 146 History of the Duke of Wellington's West Riding Regiment (The Iron Duke's Own) During the First Three

years of the Great War From August 1914 to December 1917, 323 History of the East Lancashire Regiment in the Great War 1914-1918,, 782 History of the East Lancashire Regiment in the Great War, 1914-1918, 717 History of the 15th King's Hussars, 19141922, The, 177 History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions The Leicestershire Regiment in the Great War, 989 History of the 1st and 2nd Battalions the North Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales') 1914-1923, 480 History of the 1st D.C.L.I., 1914, 192 History of the 1/4 Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment, 1914-1919, The, 51 History of the First Seven Battalions, the Royal Irish Rifles (Now the Royal Ulster Rifles) in the Great War, The, 307 History of the Fourth Battalion the Seaforth Highlanders With Some Account of the Military Annals of Ross the Fencibles the Volunteers and of the Home Defense and Reserve Battalions, 1914-1919, The, 432 History of the Great War, A, 272 History of the Great War, A, 242 History of the Great War: A Comprehensive and Authentic History of the War by Land Sea, and Air, 810 History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: The War in the Air, 774 History of the Guards Division in the Great War, 1915-1918, 460 History of the Irish Soldier, A, 126 History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry, 990 History of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in the Great War, 110 History of the King's Regiment (Liverpool), 1914-1919, The, 1008 History of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in the Great War, 19141918, The, 979 History of the Lancashire Fusiliers, The, 574 History of the Lincolnshire Regiment, 19141918, The, 857 History of the London Rifle Brigade, 18591919, The, 654 History of the Manchester Regiment, 991

Index History of the 19th Division, The, 1009 History of the 9th (Scottish) Division, 19141918, The, 302 History of the Norfolk Regiment, 1685-1919, The, 750 History of the Northamptonshire Regiment, 1742-1934, 427 History of No 1 General Hospital Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919, 167 History of the Ordnance Services, A, 327 History of the Prince of Wales' Own Civil Service Rifles, The, 481 History of the Queen's Bays (2nd Dragoon Guards), A, 959 History of the Queen's Royal Regiment, 992 History of the Royal Dragoons, 1661-1934, 31. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Western Front 1914-18, The, 309 History of the Royal Regiment of Wales (24/41st Foot) 1689-1989, A, 129 History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (16791918), The, 148 History of the 2nd Battalion The Monmouthshire Regiment,A, 130 History of the 2nd Canadian Battalion (East Ontario Regiment) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914-1919, The, 707 History of the Second Division, 1914-1918, The, 1010 History of the 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles (The Sirmoor Rifles), 848 History of the 17th Lancers, 1895-1924. A, 667 History of the 17th (Northern) Division, 36 "History of the 7th Field Company, R.E. During the War 1914-1918," 46 History of the Seventh South Staffordshire Regiment, The, 24 History of the Sikh Pioneers (23rd, 32nd, and 34th), 625 History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 19141919, The, 222 History of the Sixteenth , the Queen's, Light Dragoons (Lancers), 1912 to 1925, 402 History of the Sixth Battalion, West Yorkshire Regiment, 905 History of the Somerset Light Infantry

179

(Prince Albert's), 1914-1919, The, 1011 History of the South Staffordshire Regiment, 924 History of the South Wales Borderers, 19141918, The, 32 History of the Suffolk Regiment, 1914-1927, The, 705 History of the Thirty-First Battalion C. E. F., From Its Organization, November 1914, to Its Demobilization, June 1919, With Nominal Roll and Information as to All Members of the Unit, 861 History of the Thirty-Third Foot, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment, 576 "History of the 12th Company Royal Engineers," 161 History of the 12th (Eastern) Division in the Great War, 1914-1918, 838 History of the XII Royal Lancers (Prince of Wales's), 890 History of the Twentieth (Light) Division, The, 512 History of the Welch Regiment, The, 956 History of the Welsh Guards, 936 History of the World War, 90 History of the World War, 855 History of the World War, A, 586 History of the World War: An Authentic Narrative of the World's Greatest War, 637 Hitchcock, F. C., 482 Hodder-Williams, Ralph, 483 Hodges, Arthur, 484 Hoeppner, Ernst von, 485 Hogg, Ian, 486-87 "Holding the Line", 50 Holland, J. A., 488 Hollier, H. M. , 44 Holmes, Richard, 10-11, 19, 22, 489-91, 852 Holt, Tonie and Valmai, 492-93 Home, Archibald, 494 Hommes de la Grande Guerre: Histoires vraies, Les, 670 Hommes et des faits, Des, 634 Honourable Artillery Company in the Great War, 1914-1919, The, 934 Hooge, 88, 191, 419, 480, 524, 987, 989 Hopkins, J. Castell, 495 Hopkinson, E. C., 496 Horne, Alistair, 497 Horne, Charles F., 498 Howard, Michael, 499-500

180

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Howe, Jerome W., 760 Howland, C. R., 501 Huguet, Général, 8, 502 Humphris, E.M., 235 Hungry One, The, 208 Hunt, M. S., 503 Hunter, T. M., 504 Hussey, A. H., 505 Hutchinson, Graham Seton, 506 Hyatt, A. M. J., 507 Hyndson, J. G. W., 508 Ich Dien" The Prince of Wales' Volunteers, 1914-1934, 954 Illustrated Companion to the First World War, An, 145 Illustrated History of the First World War, 903 Illustrated Pocket Guide to the Battles of Neuve Chapelle, Aubers Ridge, Festubert, 1915, An, 353 Impact of the Introduction of Lethal Gas on the Combat Performance of Defending Troops, 437 Immortal Salient: An Historical Record and Complete Guide for Pilgrims to Ypres, The, 132 "Imperial Reserve: The Indian Corps on the Western Front, The," 416 Imperial Reserve: The Indian Infantry on the Western Front, 1914-1918, 416 Imperial War Museum Book of the Western Front, The, 141 Imperial Warrior: The Life and Times of Field-Marshal Viscount Allenby, 1861-1936, 521 In Flanders Fields, 627 In Spile of All Rejoicing: A Soldier's Diary of the Great War, 509 In the Firing Line: Stories of the War by Land and Sea, 6 "Incidents of the Great War: No. 3 Two Minor Operations: The 6th Battalion the Gloucester Regiment in Front of Hébuterne, November, 1915, and the 17th H. L. I. Southwest of Thiepval, April 1916, April 1916," 510 India and World War I, 292 Indian Cavalry Officer, 1914-1915, 932 Indian Corps in France, The, 662 Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' Letters 1914-1918, 726 Infant in Arms: War Letters of a Company Officer 1914-1918, An, 418 Infanterie-Regiment Prinz Friedrich der

Niederlande (2 Westfälisches) Nr. 15 im Weltkriege 1914-18, 800 Ingalls, Donald E., 511 Inglefield, V. E., 512 Inman, D. S., 505 Intervention Militaire Britannique en 1914, L', 502 Into Battle: A Seventeen-Year-Old Joins Kitchener's Army, 339 Invasion and the War in Belgium From Liége to the Yser, The, 298 Invasion & the War in Belgium From Liege to the Yser, With a Sketch of the Diplomatic Negotiations Preceding the Conflict, The, 926 "Invicta": With the First Battalion the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment in the Great War, 674 Irish at the Front, The, 612 Irish Guards in the Great War, The, 550 Irish Nuns at Ypres, The, 218 Irish Voices From the Great War, 279 Isaac, Jules, 513 Isselin, Henri, 514 Ivelaw-Chapman, John, 515 Jack, J. L., 516 Jackets of Green: A Study of the History, Philosophy, and Character of the Rifle Brigade, 147 Jackson, H. M., 517 Jackson, W. G. F., 518 James, Fred, 520 James, E. A., 519 James, Lawrence, 521 James, Lionel, 522 Jeffreys, George Darell, 234 Jerrold, Douglas, 523 Jervis, H. S., 524 Joachim, Theodor, 525 Joffre, 780 Joffre et la Marne, 700 Joffre et Lanrezac: etude critique des témoignages sur le rôle de la 5e Armée (Août 1914), 513 Joffre, Joseph, 13, 16, 26, 181, 421, 513, 526-27, 530, 547, 700, 770, 780, 855, 866 Johnnie Gough, V. C.: A Biography of Brigadier-General Sir John Edmond Gough, V. C., K. C. B., 80 Johnson, C. Curtiss, 437 Johnson, Douglas Wilson, 528-29 Johnston, Charles, 530 Johnston, Samuel, 531

Index Johnstone, Tom, 532 Jones, H. A., 774 Jones, I., 533 Jones, Nigel, 534 Journal of Private Fraser, 1914-1918: Canadian Expeditionary Force, The, 817 Judgement of History: Sir Horace SmithDorrien, Lord French, and 1914, The, 78 k.b. Reserve-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 21, Das, 125 K.O.S.B. in the Great War, The, 384 Kabisch, Ernst, 535 Kaiser and His Court: The Diaries, Note Books, and Letters of Admiral Georg Alexander von Müller Chief of the Naval Cabinet, The, 397 Kann, Réginald, 536 Kearney, A., 537-38 Keene, Louis, 539 Keeson, C. A. Cuthbert, 540 Keil, Hermann, 541 Keith-Falconer, Adrian, 542 Kennedy, E. J., 543 Kennedy, Joyce M., 544 "Kensingtons" 13th London Regiment, The, 44 Kerr, Wilfred Brenton, 545 kgl. sächs. 6 Infanterie-regiment Nr. 105 "König Wilhelm II von Wüttemberg, Das," 389 Kieffer, Martin, 915 Kielmansegg, Peter Graf, 546 Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front, and the Emergence of Modern Warfare, 1900-1918, The, 917 King, Jere Clemons, 547 King, W. C., 548 King's Complete History of the World War, 548 King's Royal Rifle Corps The, 978 Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge, 549 Kipling, Rudyard, 550 Kirchberger, Joe H., 551 Kircheisen, Friedrich Max, 552 Kirke, R. M. St. G., 553 Kitchener, 53 Kitchener: Architect of Victory, 186 Kitchener Enigma, The, 820 Kitchener-French Debate: A Last Word, The 344 Kitchener, Herbert Horatio, 11, 19-24, 16, 18, 53, 81, 186-87, 297, 329, 344,

181

368, 484, 635, 820 Kitchener: Organizer of Victory, 81 Kitchener: Portrait of an Imperialist, 635 Kitchener's Army, 1914-1918, 953 Kitchener's War: British Strategy from 19141916, 187 Klein, Fritz, 554 Klotz, Emil, 555 Kluck, Alexander von, 8, 61, 67, 103, 556, 566, 855, 886 Knieling, Lutz, 557 Koeltz, Louis, 558-60 Koenig, W. J., 659 Koetzle, Hermann, 561 Kolbe, Walther von, 562 Königlich-Sächsische Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 133 im Weltkrieg, Das, 719 Köppen, Hans, 563 Krämer, Max, 564 Kriegsbriefe gefallener Studenten, 975 Krisis in der Marneschlacht; Kämpfe der II und III deutschen Armee gegen die 5 und 9 französische Armee am Petit Morin und in den Marais de St. Gond, 98 Kritik des Weltkrieges: Das Erbe Moltkes und Schlieffens im Grossen Kriege, 366 Kuhl, Herman von, 565-67 Kürzer strategischer Überblick über den Weltkrieg, 694 La Bassée, Battle of, 115, 117, 192, 239, 268, 274, 750, 754, 840, 942, 989 Laffin, John, 568-71 Laing, N. D., 299 Land-Locked Lake, The, 440 Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 77. Auszüge aus den amtlichen Kriegstagebüchern mit Beiträgen von Mitkämpfern, Das, 947 Langley, M., 572 Lanrezac, Charles, 8, 21, 513, 573 Larned, J. Howley, 485 Last Changes Last Chances, 713 Latter, J. C., 574 Laurent, André, 575 Lawford, J. P., 313 Le Cateau, Battle of, 2, 9-10, 21-22, 24, 47, 77, 82, 88, 94, 103, 135, 154, 192, 239, 245, 268, 299, 333, 384, 386, 411, 435, 505, 549, 574, 581-82, 588, 605, 679, 684, 744, 750, 758, 793, 870, 872, 930, 946, 957, 962, 972, 976, 991, 1011 Le Goffic, Charles, 578

182

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Leadership in Battle, 1914-1918, 872 Leading Pictorial Souvenir of the Great War, Depicting Especially the Part Played by Canada and the Canadians, The, 60 Leaves from a Field Note-Book, 688 Lee, Albert, 576 Lefebure, Victor, 577 "Legend of the Marne, 1914, A," 943 Lehautcourt, Pierre, 423, 735-36 Leinveber, Adolf, 580 Lessons of Allied Co-operation: Naval, Military and Air 1914-1918, 655 Lestien, G. , 581 Letard, E. , 582 Letters From Flanders, 383 Letters from the Front: Being a Record of the Part Played by Officers of the Bank in the Great War, 19141919. , 583 Letters From the Front, 1914-1918. , 568 Letters of Agar Adamson 1914 to 1919, Lieutenant Colonel, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 5 Liaison 1914, 8, 18, 877 Liddell Hart, Basil H., 2, 12, 21, 23, 584-88 Liddle, Peter H., 589-90 Liège à l'Yser: mon journal de campagne, De, 960 Life Guards, The, 475 Life of Field Marshal Sir John French, Earl French of Ypres, The, 345 Life of General Sir Charles Carmichael Monro, The, 64 Life of Lord Kitchener, 16 Life of Sir Stanley Maude, The, 164 Ligny, Hurault de, 591 Lindsay, J. H., 592 Lionel Sotheby's Great War: Diaries and Letters from the Western Front, 796 List of Officers and Other Ranks of the Rifle Brigade Awarded Decorations or Mentioned in Despatches During the Great War, 285 Little Black Devils: A History of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles, 902 Little Field Marshall: Sir John French, The, 19, 489 Liverpool Scottish, 1900-1919, The, 619 Livesey, Anthony, 593-94 Lloyd, Alan, 595 Lloyd George, David , 597 Lloyd, R. A., 596

Log of a Noncombatant, The, 414 Lomas, David, 7, 598-99 Lomont, A., 600 London Scottish, The, 592 Loos, Battle of, 2, 16-17, 23, 15, 36, 58, 88, 101, 106, 115, 167, 179, 195, 206, 208, 227, 239, 269, 274, 284, 293, 314, 328, 332, 343, 384, 405, 424, 429, 432, 460, 487, 512, 537, 577, 588, 592, 620, 624, 651, 676, 696, 699, 718, 737, 793, 814, 826, 838, 872, 888-89, 900, 938-39, 945, 957, 968, 980, 987, 989, 992, 995, 1009, 1011 Lord Haig, 17 Lord Kitchener, 484 Lossberg, Fritz, 601 Lost Dictator: A Biography of Field Marshall Sir Henry Wilson, The, 22 Lost Generation of 1914, The, 761 Love, A. G., 602 Lowther, Cecil, 751 Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, 993 Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire): The 47th and 81st Regiments of Foot, The, 572 Luard, K. E. 603 Lucas, Charles, 604 Lucy, John, 605 Ludendorff, Eric, 526, 606, 740 Luftkrieg, Der, 803 "Luftwaffe vor und im Weltkriege," 913 Lupfer, Timothy T., 607 Lyons, Michael J., 608 Lyttelton, Oliver (Viscount Chandos), 609 MacDonagh, Michael, 612 MacDonald, F.B., 613 Macdonald, Lyn, 614-17 Macdonogh, George, 7 MacFall, Haldane, 874 MacGill, Patrick, 620 Mackenzie, C. J., 621 Macmillan, Harold, 624 MacMullen, H. T., 717 MacMunn, George, 625 MacNaughtan, S., 626 MacPhail, Andrew, 627-28 Macready, Nevil, 631 Madelin, Louis, 633 Magnificent But Not War: The Second Battle of Ypres, 15, 266 Magnus, Philip, 22, 635 Major and Mrs. Holt's Battlefield Guide to the Ypres Salient, 493

Index "Major-General J. F. C. Fuller and the Decline of Generalship: The Lessons of 1914-18," 786 Man Who Disobeyed: Sir Horace SmithDorrien and his Enemies, The, 871 Mangin, Général, 634 Mann, Michael, 636 Manoeuvre et Victoire de la Marne, 358 Maple Leaves in Flanders Fields, 772 March, Francis A., 637 March on Paris and the Battle of the Marne, 1914, The, 556 Marchand, Ernest, 241 Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War 1914-1919, 692 Marden, T. O., 638 Marden, Thomas O., 956 Marling, Percival, 639 Marne à la mer du Nord (10 septembre-15 novembre 1914), De la, 102 Marne--and After, The, 228 Marne Battle and Tannenberg, 335 Marne, Battle of, 2, 10, 22, 7, 26-28, 37, 40, 69, 82, 84, 98, 102, 104, 106, 118, 144, 153, 168, 173, 192, 221, 228, 236, 245, 247, 249, 297, 299, 315, 333, 335, 337, 342, 347, 355, 357, 367, 373, 384, 410, 423, 442-43, 451, 479, 505, 514, 524-26, 529, 535, 547, 558-59, 562-63, 575, 578-79, 581, 591, 630, 633-34, 643-44, 647, 665, 670, 694, 70002, 722, 748, 750, 758, 770, 830, 832-33, 855, 874, 899, 901, 921, 924, 929, 937, 957, 962, 976, 1014 Marne Campaign, The, 957 Marne-Deutschlands Schicksal?, Die, 647 Marne-Drama. Der Fall Moltke-Hentsch, Das, 606 Marne-Feldzug 1914, Der, 961 Marne, La, 104 Marne, The, 104 Marnefeldzug, Der, 566 Marneschlacht, Die, 562 Marneschlacht eine deutsche Tragödie, Die, 236 Marneschlacht 1914, Die, 899 Marneschlacht, 1914: Eine Deutsche Tragödie, Die, 535 Marneschlacht und Tannenberg: Betrachtungen zur deutschen Kriegsführung der ersten sechs Kriegswochen, 335

183

Marsch auf Paris und die Marneschlacht 1914, Der, 556 Marshal Ferdinand Foch: His Life and His Theory of Modern War, 37 Marshal Foch: A Study in Leadership, 504 Marshal Foch: His Life, His Work, His Faith, 769 Marshal Foch: His Own Words on Many Subjects, 781 Marshall, S. L. A., 640 Marshall-Cornwall, James, 641-42 Martin, A. G., 644 Martin, Arthur Anderson, 643 Martin, George and Wally, 645 Martin, Stuart, 646 Marx, Lieut-General, 647 Masefield, John, 648 "Massacre of the Innocents," 232 Masters, John, 649 Mathies, Otto, 650 Matson, Christopher, 65 Maubeuge-Aisne-Verdun, 1018 Maude, Alan H., 651 Maunoy, General Michael-Joseph, 256 Maurice, Frederick, 653-57 Maxwell, Frank, 658 Mayer, S.L., 659 McBride, Herbert W., 610 McCance, Stouppe, 182 McCrae, John, 627 McCudden, James Thomas Byford, 611 McEntee, Girard Lindsley, 618 McGilchrist, A. M., 619 McKeown, J. D., 622 McKinley, Albert E., 623 McNaughton, 895 McNaughton, Andrew G. L., 620 McPherson, William L., 629-30 McWilliams, James L., 632 Mead, Peter, 660 "Meaning of Attrition 1914-1916," "The, 340 Medicine and Duty: A War Diary, 259 Medico's Luck in the War Being Reminiscences of R.A.M.C. Work with the 51st (Highland) Division, A, 812 Mein Bericht zur Marneschlacht, 152 Mein Kriegstagebuch, 823 Meine Tätigkeit im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, 601 Memoir of Lieut.-Colonel E. A. Steel, A, 883 Mémoires du Général Galliéni, 355 Memoirs of a Young Lieutenant, 1898-1917, 178 Memoirs of Captain Liddell Hart, The, 585

184

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Memoirs of the 18th (Queen Mary's Own) Royal Hussars, 1906-1922, The, 153 Memoirs of Field-Marshal the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, The, 679 Memoirs of Lord Chandos, The, 609 Memoirs of Marshal Joffre, 527 Memoirs of Raymond Poincaré, The, 755 Memories of Forty-Eight Years Service, 870 "Men Against Fire: The Doctrine of the Offensive in 1914," 500 Menzel, E., 661 Menzies, Lucy, 578 Merewether, J. W. B., 662 Mermeix, 663 Messenger, Charles, 664 Michelin, 665-66 Micholls, G. A., 667 Middleton, Edgar, 668 Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, 669 Military Atlas of the First World War, A, 54 Military History of the War, From the Declaration of War to the Close of the Campaign of August 1914, A, 66 Military History of the World War, 618 Military History of the World War, A, 501 Military History of World War I, 282 Military Operations: France and Belgium, 288 Mills, Arthur Frederick Hobart, 754 Miquel, Pierre, 670 Misfit Soldier: Edward Casey's War Story, 1914-1932, 184 Mit Clausewitz durch die Rätsel und Fragen, Irrungen und Wirrungen des Weltkrieges, 581 Mit der Garde im Westen, 68 Mitchell, Donald G., 799 Mitchell, T. J., 671 Modern Guns and Gunnery, 91 Mole, W. R., 672 Molesworth, G. N., 673 Molony, C. V., 674 Moltke, Helmuth von, 26-27, 67, 150, 304, 397, 556, 563, 606, 701, 901, 925 Moltke, Schlieffen, and Prussian War Planning, 151 Money, R. R., 676 Mons, 190 Mons and the Retreat, 396 Mons, Anzac and Kut by an MP, 465 Mons, Battle of, 2, 5 7-9, 21, 6, 59, 61, 106, 127, 135, 153, 190, 192, 207, 210, 239, 268, 295, 299, 342-43, 396,

408, 434, 465, 508, 573, 580, 582, 599, 715, 718, 722-23, 744, 750, 758, 855, 858, 872, 878, 888, 908, 924, 930, 942, 946, 957, 962, 976, 995 Mons 1914: The B.E.F. 's Tactical Triumph, 7, 599 Mons, Retreat from, 9-10, 20, 75, 82, 103, 106, 116, 151, 229, 361, 364, 386-87, 396, 438, 490, 505, 524, 574, 653, 815, 819, 1011 Mons Star: The British Expeditionary Force 5th Aug.-22nd Nov. 1914, The, 7, 21 Mons: The Retreat to Victory, 3, 7, 9-11, 908 Montague, C. E., 677 Montague-Marsden, Maurice Arthur, 678 Montgomery: A Biography, 684 Montgomery, Bernard Law, 435, 679, 718 Montgomery-Cunninghame, Thomas, 680 Monty: The Making of a General, 18871942, 435 Moody, R. S. H., 681 Moore, W., 682 Moore, William, 683 Moorehead, Alan, 684 Moorhouse, Brendon, 685 Morale: A Study of Men and Courage: The Second Scottish Rifles at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, 73 Mordacq, H., 686 Morgan, Frederick, 687 Morrow, Ian F. D., 96 Morgan, J. H., 688 Morrow, John H., Jr., 689 Morton, Desmond, 690-92 Moser, Otto von, 693-95 Mother Country Fatherland: The Story of a British-Born German Soldier, 644 Mott, T. Bentley, 527 Mottram, R. H., 696 Moyer, Laurence V., 697 Moynihan, Michael, 698-99 Mud and Khaki: The Memories of an Incomplete Soldier, 205 Muller, Commandant, 700 Müller-Loebnitz, Wilhelm von, 701-02 Munro, Ion S., 703 Munro, Jack, 704 Murphy, C. R. R., 705 Murray, A. M., 706 Murray, Archibald, 7, 9, 21, 359 Murray, W. W., 707 My Bit: A Lancashire Fusilier at War 19141918, 25

Index My War Experiences in Two Continents, 626 Napier's Rifles: The History of the 5th Battalion 6th Rajputahna Rifles, 778 Narrative on the Formation and Operation of the First Canadian Division to the Second Battle of Ypres, 169 Nasmith, George, 708-09 Neillands, Robin, 710 Nelson's History of the War, 149 Neuburg, Victor E., 711 Neumann, Georg Paul, 712 Neuve Chapelle, 134 Neuve Chapelle, Battle of, 13-17, 23, 9, 44, 88. 114, 134, 205-06, 257, 313, 342, 363, 432, 473, 497, 588, 592, 605, 652, 662, 672, 687, 767, 819, 872, 905, 910, 924, 962, 968, 981, 987, 989, 994, 1001, 1003, 1012 Nevinson, Henry W., 713 New Guide to the Battlefields of Northern France and the Low Countries, 392 Newman, Bernard , 404, 714 News From the Front: War Correspondents, 310 Newton, W. Douglas, 715 Nicolson, G. W. L., 716 Nicolson, Lothian, 717 Nicolson, Nigel, 718 Nieman, Johannes, 719 1915 Campaign in France: The Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert & Loos Considered in Relation to the Field Service Regulations, 537 1915 Année Sanglante, 421 1915: The Death of Innocence, 614 "1915: The Realities of Trench Warfare Revealed," 313 1914, 166 1914, 10-11, 21, 24, 341 1914, 615 1914: Glory Departing, 733 1914-1918: Voices and Images of the Great War, 616 Ninth Queen's Royal Lancers, 1715-1936, The, 851 No Place to Run: The Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War, 223 Noftsinger, James Philip, 720 Norman, Terry, 220 Norris, Geoffrey, 721 North Staffordshire Regiment, The, 222 Not Worth Reading, 18

185

Notes on the Campaign in France, 1914, 338 Notes on the Operations of the British Expeditionary Force, August 22nd to September 9, 1914, 682 Nova Scotia's Part in the Great War, 503 Oatts, L. B., 722-23 Occleshaw, Michael, 724 Officers of the Battalion, 725 Officers of the Green Howards, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment), (formerly the 19th Foot) 1688 to 1920, 317 Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War: The Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1918, 716 Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War, 1914-1915, 278 Official History of the Canadian Forces in the Great War, 1914-1919: The Medical Services, 628 Ogle, Henry, 391 Old Contemptible, 75 Old Contemptibles: A Photographic History of the British Expeditionary Force, August to December 1914, The, 860 Old Front Line, The, 648 Old Soldiers Never Die, 792 Omissi, David, 726 Ommannney, C. H., 727 On Artillery, 425 On the Fringe of the Great Fight, 709 On the Psychology of Military Incompetence, 267 On the Road From Mons With an Army Service Corps Train, 728 On the Western Front (1st/3rd Battalion Monmouthshire Regiment), 729 107th Field Company, R.E., 775 O'Neill, H. C., 730 operationen und rückwärtigen Verbindungen der deutschen I Armee in der Marneschlacht, 1914, Die, 525 Orange, Green and Khaki: The Story of the Irish Regiments in the Great War, 1914-18, 532 Order of Battle of Divisions, The, 76 Origines de la Victoire: Histoire Raisonnée de la Guerre Mondiale, Les, 118 Osburn, Arthur, 731 "Other Side of the Hill, No. III: The Fight for Hill 70, 25th-26th of September 1915, The," 998 "Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night

186

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Attack at Landrecies, 25th August, 1914, The," 999 "Other Side of the Hill, No. XVI: Aubers Ridge, 9th of May, 1915, The," 1000 "Other Side of the Hill, No. XVII: Neuve Chapelle, 10th-12th March, 1915, The," 1001 "Other Side of the Hill, No. XII: The Night Attack at Landrecies, 25th August, 1914, The," 999 Otto, Helmut, 732 "Our Opponents at the Battle of the Marne, 1914," 479 Over There: War Scenes on the Western Front, 86 Owen, Edward, 733 Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, The, 113 Oxfordshire Hussars in the Great War (1914-1918), The, 542 Page, Christopher, 734 Palat, B. E., 423,. 735-36 Palazzo, Albert, 18, 737 Panichas, George A., 738 Paret, Peter, 500 Parker, Ernest, 739 Parkinson, Roger, 740 Parks, Edwin, 741 Parkyn, H. G, 742 Parkyn, Harry Gordon, 285 part de Foch dans la Victoire, La, 736 Partridge, Eire, 696 Passchendaele and the Battles of Ypres 1914-18, 301 "Pattern for Limited (Nuclear) War: The Riddle of the Schlieffen Plan," 1002 Peace and War: A Soldier's Life, 687 Peat, Harold R., 743 Pennyman, J. B. W., 744 Penrose, John, 745 People at War, 1914-1918, 698 Percy, Earl, 897 Perreau, Commandant, 746 Perris, G. H., 8, 747-48 Peteau, A., 749 Petre, F. Lorraine, 750-51 Petzoid, Joachim, 554 Phantom Brigade; Or the Contemptible Adventure, The, 903 Philpott, William J., 752 Photohistory of World War One, A, 458 Picnic Basket, The, 878 Piers, Charles, 753

Pincetl, Jr., Stanley J., 241 Pity of War: Explaining World War I, The, 316 Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of the First World War, 1914-1919, The, 466 Place Called Armageddon: Letters From the Great War, A, 699 Plain Tales From Flanders, 209 Plan de Campagne Allemand de 1914 et son exécution, Le, 536 Plan de Campagne Français et le Premier Mois de la Guerre, Le, 573 Platoon Commander, 754 Plumer, Herbert. 21, 446, 763 Plumer of Messines, 446 Plumer: The Soldiers' General: A Biography of Field-Marshal Viscount Plumer of Messines, 763 Poincaré, Raymond, 421, 755 Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War, The, 429 Pollard, A. F., 756 Pollard, Hugh B. C., 757 Pomeroy, Ralph Legge, 758 Ponsonby, Frederick, 759 Poor Bloody Murder: Personal Memoirs of the First World War, 787 Popular History of the Great War, A, 438 Poseck, M. von, 760 Pound, Reginald, 761 Powell, Geoffrey, 762-63 Pradhan, S. D., 292 Première Guerre Mondiale, La, 180 Prideaux, G. A., 763 Priestley, R. E., 765-66 Prince of Wales Own, The Scinde Horse, 652 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 964 Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 1914-1919, 483 Prior, Robin, 15, 767-68 Private Peat, 743 Private Papers of Douglas Haig, 1914-1919, The, 101 Promise of Greatness: The War of 19141918, The, 738 Proud Heritage. The Story of the Highland Light Infantry, 1882-1918, 723 Puaux, René, 769 Puleston, William Dilworth, 770 Purdom,C. B., 771 Queen's Dragoon Guards, The, 82 Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, 1914-1918, The, 33

Index "Race to the Sea, September to October, The, 1914," 851 "Race, Sex and War: The Impact of Race and Sec on Morale and Health Services for the Indian Corps on the Western Front," 417 Rae, Herbert, 772 Raimes, A. L., 773 Raleigh, Walter, 774 Rattray, M. J., 775 Rawling, Bill, 776 Rawlinson, A., 777 Rawlinson, H. G., 13, 15, 17, 778 Rawlinson, Henry, 657, 767 Real Front, The, 204 Real War, 1914-1918, The, 586 Realities of War, The, 376 Recollections of an Airman, 894 Recollections of Three Manchesters in the Great War: Mike Lally of the Old Contemptibles, Joe Horgan of the Territorials, John Hallows of the Pals, The, 461 Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders, 1914-1918, A, 519 Records of the Fourth Canadian Infantry Battalion in the Great War, 19141918, 378 Records of the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards in the Great War, 19141918, 375 Records of the Seventh Dragoon Guards (Princess Royal's) During the Great War, 840 Recouly, Raymond, 779-81 Red Watch" With the First Canadian Division in Flanders, "The, 246 "Reflections on Neuve Chapelle, March, 1915," 1003 Regimental Committee, 782 Regimental History Committee, 783 Regimental History of 1st the Queen's Dragoon Guards, The, 635 Regimental History of the 3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles, The, 981 Regimental Officers, 784 Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, 182 Regimental Records of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, 1914-1918, 937 Regimental Surgeon in War and Prison, A, 268 Reicharchiv, 785

187

Reid, Brian Holden, 786 Reid, Gordon, 787 Reinhardt, Ernst, 788 Reminiscences of a Grenadier, 349 Reminiscences of Sport and War, 262 Repington, Charles à Court, 23, 789 Reputations Ten Years After, 587 Reserve-Ersatz-Regiment nr. 3; im Auftrage der Kameradschaft ehemaliger Angehöriger des Res.-Ers. Regts. 3, 157 Responding to the Call: The Kitchener Battalions of the Royal Berkshire Regiment at the Battle of Loos 1915, 195 Revell, Alex, 790 Reynolds, Francis Joseph, 791 Richards, Frank, 792 Richards, John, 793 Richards, R. , 794 Richardson, Sue, 461 Richter, Donald, 795-96 Rickard, Mrs. Victor, 797 Riddell, E., 798 Riddle, David K., 799 "Riddle of Schlieffen: Some Comments on Captain Wynne's Analysis of British Tactical Failures in the First World War,The," 968 Riddle of the Rhine--Chemical Strategy in Peace and War, The, 577 Riddles of Wipers, The, 515 Riding the Retreat: Mons to the Marne 1914 Revisited, 10, 490 Riebensahm, Gustav, 800 Rifle Brigade, The, 450 Rifleman, A., 801 Rifleman and Hussar, 639 Rifleman Went to War; Being a Narrative of the Author's Experiences and Observations While With the Canadian Corps in France and Belgium, September 1915-April 1917, With Particular Emphasis Upon the Use of the Military Rifle in Sniping, Its Place in Modern Armament, and the Work of the Individual Solder, A, 610 Ritter, Gerhard, 802 Ritter, Hans, 803 Road Past Vimy: The Canadian Corps, 1914-1918, The, 395 Roberts, Charles G. D., 9 Roberts, Craig, 804 Roberts, T. G., 805

188

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Robertson, Bruce, 806 Robertson, William, 24, 112, 807-07 Robin Hoods," 1/7th, 2/7th &3/7 Battns., Sherwood Foresters, 1914-1918, The, 725 Robson, Stuart, 809 Role of British Strategy in the Great War, The, 243 Roll of Honour: Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force for the Great War, 1914-18, The, 965 Rolt-Wheeler, Francis , 810 Ronarc'h, Vice-Admiral, 811 Rorie, David, 812 Roses of No Man's Land The, 617 Roskill, Stephen, 813 Ross-of-Bladensburg, John, 814 Rossor, Bruce, 852 Roussel-Lépine, Joséphe, 815 Rowlands, D. H., 816 Roy, Reginald H., 817 Royal Army Service Corps, The, 237 Royal Army Service Corps: A History of Transport and Supply in the British Army, The, 330 Royal Dragoons, The, 476 Royal Engineers Institution, 818 Royal Field Leech, A., 819 Royal Flying Corps: A History, The, 721 Royal Flying Corps Communiques, 19151916. , 212 Royal Flying Corps in France: From Mons to the Somme, The, 59 Royal Flying Corps in the War, The, 969 Royal Flying Corps, The, 912 Royal Fusiliers in the Great War, The, 730 Royal Hampshire Regiment, The, 985 Royal Horse Guards, The, 477 Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers in the World War, The, 333 Royal Irish Fusiliers, 1793-1950, The, 245 Royal Irish Fusiliers, The, 447 Royal Montreal Regiment 14th Battalion, 1914-1925, The, 320 Royal Regiment of Artillery at Le Cateau, The, 77 Royal Regiment of Artillery, Ottawa, 18551952, The, 517 Royal Scots, 1914-1919, The, 303 Royal Scots Greys, The, 99 Royle, Trevor, 22, 820 Roze, Anne, 821 Rübesamen, Friedrich Wilhelm, 822 Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, 823 Rutherford, N. J. C., 824

S. O. S. Stand To, 403 Sächsische Reserve-Jäger-Battalion No. 13, 541 Salient Points Two: Cameos of the Western Front Ypres Sector 1914-1918, 875 Salmond, John, 569 Samuels, Martin, 7, 825 Sandilands, H. R., 826 Sanitätswesen im Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Das 561 Sargent, Herbert Howland, 827 Saundby, Robert, 828 Saunders, Anthony, 829 Savage, Raymond, 830 Savill, Mervyn, 397 Savory, A. C. S., 128 "Scapegoat of the Battle of the Marne, 1914. Lieutenant Colonel Hentsch and the Order for the German Retreat, The," 289 Schlacht an der Yser und bei Ypren im Herbst 1914, unter Benutzung amlichter Quellen bearb, Die, 369, 837 Schlacht bei Mons: unter Benutzung amtlicher Quellen, Die, 387 Schlacht vor Paris, Die, 247 Schlachten bei Ypren und Dixmude (Oktober Und November 1914), Die, 552 Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 3: Antwerpen 1914, 370 Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 22-26: Das Marnedrama, 373 Schlachten des Weltkriegs, 1914-1918. Band 7A & 7B: Die Schlacht Bei St. Quentin 1914, 371 Schlachten des Weltkrieges, 1914-1918. Band 10: Ypren 1914, 372 Schlieffen, Alfred, Count von, 150 Schlieffen Plan, 7-8, 10-11, 152, 311, 326, 374, 535-36, 566, 693, 802, 908, 925, 962, 968, 997, 1002 Schlieffen Plan, The. 802 Schmiedel, Karl, 732 Schmitt, Bernadotte E., 831 Schneider, Benno, 832 Schnitler, Gudmund, 833 Schnitter, Helmut, 732 Schoenfeld, Ernst von, 834 Schützinger, H., 835 Schwarte, Max, 836 Schwink, Otto, 837 Scots Guards in the Great War, 1914-1918,

Index The, 751 Scots Guards, The, 393 Scott, Arthur B., 838 Scott, F. G., 839 Scott, H. S., 183 Scott, J. F., 840 Scott, Peter, 841-42 Scrap Book of the 7th Bn. Somerset Light Infantry (13th Foot), 843 Scudamore, T. V., 844 Seaton, Shirley, 143 2nd City of London Regiment (Royal Fusiliers) in the Great War (1914-19), The, 419 2nd Munsters in France, The, 524 Secrett, T., 845 Sedgwick, F. R., 846 See Glory, Keep Glory: The Story of the 1st Battalion, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, 1914-18, 10, 23 Seeking Victory on the Western Front: The British Army and Chemical Warfare in World War I, 18, 737 Sendung des Oberstleutnants Hentsch, Die, 701 Sepoys in the Trenches: The Indian Corps on the Western Front, 1914-1915, 231 Sergeant-Major's War: From Hill 60 to the Somme, A, 850 Serious Disappointment: The Battle of Aubers Ridge, 1915 and the Subsequent Munitions Scandal, A, 15, 137 17th/21st Lancers, The, 100 Seventh Division, 1914-1918, The, 34 Severn, Mark, 847 Seymour, William, 88 Shakespear, L. W., 848 Sheldon-Williams, I. and R. F. L., 849 Shennan, Captain, 19 Shephard, Ernest, 850 Sheppard, E. W., 851-52 Sherwood Foresters in the Great War The, 994 Sherwood Foresters in the Great War, 19141919, Battalion, The, 948 Short History of the Border Regiment, A, 853 Short History of the Cameronians, 995 Short History of Captured Guns, The Great European War, 1914-1918. The British Columbia Regiment (7th Bn., C. E. F.). The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada (72nd Bn., C. E. F.), A, 678

189

Short History of the Great War, A, 756 Short History of the Great War, A, 629 Short History of the Great World War, A, 133 Short History of the Oxfordshire and Buckingham Light Infantry, 17411922. , A, 241 Short History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, A, 854 Short History of the Royal Scots Fusiliers, A, 868 Short History of the Royal Welch Fusiliers, 863 Short History of the 7th Battalion, C. E. F., A, 844 Short History of the 16th/5th Lancers, A, 742 Short History of the 6th Division, Aug. 1914March 1919, A, 638 Short History of World War I, A, 287 Short Military History of World War I, A, 882 Signal Service in the European War of 1914 to 1918 (France), 766 Silent Night: The Story of the World War I Christmas Truce, 949 Simonds, Frank H., 855 Simpson, Andy, 10, 16, 856 Simpson, C. R., 857 Simpson, Frank, 858 Simpson, Keith, 859-60 Singer, H. C., 861 Sir Arthur Currie: A Biography, 252 Sir John French: An Authentic Biography, 201 Sixsmith, E. K. G., 862 th 16 Foot: A History of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment, The, 656 Skaife, E. O., 863 Skennerton, Ian D., 864 Slessor, J. C., 865-66 Slow, Peter, 867 Smith, A. G. B., 868 Smith, Aubrey, 801 Smith, Frederick, 662 Smith, G. M., 671 Smith, Myron J., Jr., 869 Smith, Ted, 875 Smith-Dorrien, 52 Smith-Dorrien, Horace, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 20-24, 52, 77-78, 329, 582, 870-72 Smithers, A. J., 871 Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War, The, 909 Smyth, John, 872 Snow, Thomas D.'O., 9 Soldier and Dramatist, Being the Letters of Harold Chapin American Citizen

190

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Who Died for England at Loos on September 26th 1915, 193 Soldier, Artist, Sportsman: The Life of General Lord Rawlinson of Trent, 657 Soldier True, 112 Soldier's Diary of the Great War, A, 873 Soldier's Diary of the Great War, 1914-1917, A, 764 Soldier's Saga: The Autobiography of General Sir Aylmer Haldane, A, 431 Soldier's War, A Prose Anthology, The, 138 Soldier's War: Being the Diary of the Late Arthur Henry Cook, D.C.M., M.M., B.E.M., Written During Four Years' Service With the 1st Battalion, The Somerset Light Infantry, on the Western Front, France, During the Great War, 1914-18, A, 673 Soldier's War, 1914-1918, The, 590 Soldiering On: Being the Memoirs of General Sir Hubert Gough, 400 Soldiering With a Stethoscope, 824 Soldiers and Others I Have Known, 8 Soldiers and Statesmen, 1914-1918, 808 "Some Aspects of Artillery Development During the First World War on the Western Front," 553 Some Pages From the History of "Q " Battery R. H. A. in the Great War, I Some War Diaries, Addresses and Correspondence of Sir John French, 346 Sordet, General, 21, 116, 749 Source Records of the Great War, 498 South Wales Borderers, The, 4 Souvenirs de la Guerre (Août 1914septembre 1915), 811 Souza, Charles de, 874 Spagnoly, Tony, 875 Spaight, J. M. 876 Spears, Edward, 8, 10, 290877-78 Spiers, Edward M., 879 Spurgin, A. R., 625 St. Julien, Battle of, 384 St. Quentin, Battle of, 371 Stacke, Harry FritzMaurice, 880 "Staff of the B.E.F., The," 842 Stallings, Laurence, 881 Stamps, T. Dodson, 882 Stand-To: A Diary of the Trenches, 19151918, 482 Statistics of the British Empire During the

Great War, 1914-1920, 413 Steel, J. P., 883 Steel, Nigel, 884 Steel, R. James, 632 Steele, Harwood, 885 Stegemann, Herman, 886 Steppler, Glenn A., 887 Stewart, Herbert A., 888 Stewart, J., 889 Stewart, Patrick F., 890 Stimme aus der Front. Bülow's Vormarsch, Rückzug und Rettung seiner und der I Armee, 984 Stirling, J, 891 Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 19141918, A, 10, 420 Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army 1914-18, 426 Story, H. H., 531 Story of a Regiment of Horse (5th Princess of Wales's Dragoon Guards) 16851922, The, 758 Story of the Great War, The, 791 Story of the Household Cavalry, The, 19 Story of the Munsters at Etraux, Festubert, Rue de Bois and Hulloch, The, 797 Story of the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry, 1914-1917, The, 794 Story of the Royal Scots (The Lothian Regiment). Formerly the First or Royal Regiment of Foot, The, 946 Story of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment, The, 549 Story of the Tenth Canadian Battalion, 19141917, The, 488 Story of the Thirteenth Battalion, 1914-1917, The, 646 Story of Ypres, The, 757 Strachan, Hew, 892-93 Strange, Louis A., 894 Strategy and Intelligence: British Policy During the First World War, 786 Strategy of the Great War, The., 630 Strategy of Victory, 1914-1918: The Life and Times of the Master Strategist of World War I: Field-Marshal Sir William Robertson, The, 112 Strategy on the Western Front (1914-1918), The, 827 Student and Sniper-Sergeant, A Memoir of J. K. Forbes, M. A., 4th Battalion Gordon Highlanders, Who Died for his Country, 25 September

Index 1915, 904 Student in Arms, 441 Sturm auf Langenmarck: von einem der dabei war, Der, 472 Subaltern's Odyssey: A Memoir of the Great War 1915-1917, A, 900 Subalterns of the Foot: Three World War I Diaries of Officers of the Cheshire Regiment, 977 Subaltern's Share in the War, Home Letters of the Late George Weston Devenish, Lieut. R.A., Attached R. F. C., A, 264 Subject Bibliography of the First World War: Books in English 1914-1987, A, 296 Suire, M., 357 Supplying War: Logistics from Wallenstein to Patten, 925 Surgeon in Khaki, A, 643 "Survey for Batteries," 745 Surviving Trench Warfare: Technology and the Canadian Corps, 1914-1918, 776 Swettenham, John, 895-96 Swifter Than Eagles: The Biography of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Sir John Maitland Salmond, 569 Swinton, Ernest D., 354, 897 Sykes, F. H., 898 Szczepanski, Max von, 899 Tactics of To-day, The, 165 Taffy Went to War, 257 "Taking Aim from the Trenches: World War I Sniper," 804 Talbot Kelly, R. B., 900 Tale of a Casualty Clearing Station, The, 819 Tapestry of War: A Private View of Canadians in the Great War, 428 Tappen, Gehard, 901 Tascona, Bruce, 902 Taylor, A. J. P., 903 Taylor, Arthur, 453 Taylor, William, 904 Témoins, 241 Tempest, E. V., 905 10th P. W. O. Royal Hussars and the Essex Yeomanry During the European War, 1914-1918, The, 957 10th Royal Hussars (1915-1969), The, 124 Terraine, John, 3, 7, 9-11, 23-24, 379, 514, 516, 906-09 Territorial Divisions, 1914-18, The, 891 That Astonishing Infantry: Three Hundred Years of the History of the Royal

191

Welch Fusiliers (23rd Regiment of Foot), 390 Thatcher, W. S., 910 There's a Devil in the Drum, 605 Thevenet, Général, 911 Thimmermann, Hermann, 472 3rd (King's Own) Hussars in the Great War (1914-1919), The, 962 13th Battalion, Royal Highlanders of Canada, 1914-1919, The, 321 Thirty Canadian V.C. 's, 805 Thirty Canadian VCs: 23 April 1915 to 30th March 1918, 172 Thompson, Robert, 912 Thomsen, Herman, 913 Thornton, L. H., 914 Thoumin, Richard, 915 Three Personal Records of the War, 696 Three Years with the 9th (Scottish) Division, 238 Through the Fog of War, 588 Thuiller, Henry F., 916 Thurston, L. F., 486 Tickled to Death to Go: Memoirs of a Cavalryman in the First World War, 295 To Seize the Victory, 896 Tommy Goes to War, 142 Topography and Strategy in the War, 529 Topography of Armageddon, 199 Tormented Warrior: Ludendorff and the Supreme Command, 740 Tragedy of Lord Kitchener, The, 297 Tragedy of Sir John French, 19, 188 Transportation on the Western Front 19141918, 463 Travers, Tim, 917 Tredwell, Terry C., 918 Trench Fighting 1914-1918, 664 Trial by Fire: Command and the British Expeditionary Force in 1914, 3, 362 Trois mois au Premier Corps de Cavalerie, 582 Trooper in the 'Tins': Autobiography of a Lifeguardsman, A, 596 Truth About Kitchener, The, 368 Tuchman, Barbara, 8, 10, 916 Tucker, A. B., 919 Tucker, Spencer C., 920 Tumult in the Clouds: The British Experience of the War in the Air 1914-1918, 884 Tunnellers, 404 Twenty-Fifth Battalion, Canadian

192

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Expeditionary Force: Nova Scotia's Famous Regiment in World War One, The, 613 Twenty-Five Years with Earl Haig, 845 24th Battalion, C. E. F., Victoria Rifles of Canada, The, 322 27 Infanterie-Division in Weltkrieg, 19141918, Die, 263 23rd Division, 1914-1919, The, 826 "23rd (Field) Company R.E. in the Great War, 1914-1918, The," 111 23rd London Regiment, 1798-1919, The, 328 Two World Wars: A Guide to the Manuscript Collections in the United Kingdom, The, 659 Tyng, Sewell, 921 Ueberblick über die Geschichte des Weltkrieg, 337 Under Two Flags: The Life of Major General Sir Edward Spears, 290 Understanding the First World War: Illusions and Realities, 351 Undertones of War, 105 Undying Story: The Work of the British Expeditionary Force on the Continent from Mons, August 23rd, 1914, to Ypres, November 15th, 1914, The, 715 Unknown Warriors: Extracts from the Letters of K. E. Luard, R. R. C., Nursing Sister in France, 19141918, 603 Unquiet Western Front: Britain's Role in Literature and History, The, 108 Unsere Luftstreitkräfte, 1914-18: Ein Denkmal Deutschen Heldentums, 286 Unwilling Passenger, 731 Urquhart, H. M. 922-23 V.C.s of the First World War: 1914, 388 Vain Glory: A Miscellany of the Great War, 194 Vale, W. L., 924 Van Creveld, Martin, 925 Van Der Essen, Léon, 926 van Hartesveldt, Fred R., 927 Vanished Army, The, 176 VC: A Memoir and Some Letters, 658 VC and DSO, The, 235 VCs of the First World War: The Air VCs, 225 VCs of the First World War: The Western Front, 1915, 65 Veder, Harold C., 831 Veitch, E. Hardinge, 928

verité sur l'evacuation d'Anvers en 1914, La, 661 Vermelles: Notes on the Western Front by a Chaplain, 284 Victoire chère et paix des dupes: précis historique de la grande guerre, 1914-1919, 746 Victoire de la Marne, La, 633 victoire de la Marne, Les Marais de SaintGond, La, 578 Victoria Cross: WWI Airmen and Their Aircraft, 790 Victorian Army and the Staff College, 18541914, The, 109 Victory Must Be Ours: Germany in the Great War: 1914-1918, 697 Victory of the Marne: The Enemy's Onslaught, Order to Stand Firm, the Battle, Immediate Results, Historic Consequences, The, 633 "View from GHQ: The Second Part of the Diary of General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., D. S. O., The," 841 "View from GHQ: The Third Part of the Diary of General Sir Charles Deeds, K. C. B., C. M. G., "D. S. O., The," 841 Villate, Robert, 929 Vivian, A. P. G., 930 Von der Saale zur Aisne, 972 Vormarsch, 103 Wackett, E., 931 Wait for the Waggon: The Story of the Royal Canadian Army Service Corps, 940 Wakefield, J., 932 Wales on the Western Front, 793 Walker, G., 933 Walker, G. Goold, 934 Wallace, O. C. S., 950 War Books: A Critical Guide, 308 War Books: A Study in Historical Criticism, 241 War Diary (1914-18) 10th (Service) Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers, The, 156 War Diary of the Master of Belhaven, The, 436 War History of the 1st Battalion Queen's Westminster Rifles, 1914-1918, The, 464 War History of the 1st Northumbrian Brigade R. F. A. (T. F.), 727 War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment. (T.F.),

Index The, 935 War History of the Sixth Battalion the South Staffordshire Regiment (T.F.), The, 219 War in the Trenches, The, 595 War Letters to a Wife: France and Flanders, 1915-1919, 314 War Lords: Military Commanders of the Twentieth Century, The, 181 War Memoirs, 597 War of Invention: Scientific Developments, 1914-1918, The, 449 War the Infantry Knew, 1914-1919: A Chronicle of Service in France and Belgium, The, 280 War Story of the Canadian Army Medical Corps, The, 2 War Underground: The Tunnellers of the Great War, 62 War Walk: A Journey Along the Western Front, The, 534 Ward, C. H. Dudley, 182, 783, 936-38 Warneford V. C., 377 Warner, Philip, 18, 939 Warren, Arnold, 940 Warrior, 506 Waters, R. S., 941 Watson, W. H. L., 942 Watteville, H. G. de, 943 Wauchope, A. G., 944 Wavell, Archibald, 945 Weapons of the Trench War, 1914-1918, 829 Weaver, Lawrence, 946 Weber, Emil, 947 Wedd, A. F., 975 Weetman, W. C. C., 948 Weintraub, Stanley, 949 Weippert, J. M., 932 Welcome to Flanders Fields, the First Canadian Battle of the Great War: Ypres 1915, 15, 253 Wells, Clifford Almon, 950 Wells, Eric, 902 Welsh Regiment of Foot Guards, 1915-1918, 938 Weltkrieg, Der, 462 Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Der, 567 Weltkrieg, 1914-1918, Der, 833 Weltkrieg 1914-1918: Die militärischen Operationen zu Lande, Der, 374 Wendepunkt des Weltkrieges, Der, 702 Wentzell, Georg, 913 West Yorkshire Regiment in the War, 19141918, The, 1012 West Yorkshire Regiment, The, 58

193

Western Front Companion, 1914-1918; A-Z Source to the Battles, Weapons, People, Places, and Air Combat, The, 570 Western Front Illustrated, 1914-1918, The, 571 Western Front: Ordinary Soldiers and the Defining Battles of World War I, The, 491 Westlake, Ray, 951-53 Wet Flanders Plain, The, 966 Whalley-Kelly, H., 954 When Your Number's Up: The Canadian Soldier in the First World War, 691 White, A. S., 955 Whitehead, Henry C., 11 Whitehorne, A. C., 956 Whitmore, F. H. D. C., 957 Whitton, F. E., 10, 957 Whyte, F., 959 Wilde, Capt.-Comdt. R. de., 960 Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 961 Willcocks, James, 13, 962 Willcox, Walter Temple, 962 Williams, Jeffrey, 964 Williamson, H. J., 965 Williamson, Henry, 966 Willson, Beckles, 967 Wilson, A. J., 968 Wilson, Henry, 6-8, 22, 28, 163, 215, 400, 502 Wilson, Trevor, 15, 767-68 Winds of Change, 1914-1939, 624 Wing Adjutant, 969 Winged Mars, II: The Air Weapon, 19141916, 244 Winnifrith, Douglas P., 970 Winterbotham, J. L., 971 Wipers Times, 515 Wirth, Hauptmann A., 972 Wise, S. F., 973 With a Field Ambulance at Ypres: Being Letters Written March 7th to August 15th 1915, 124 With a Machine Gun to Cambrai, 227 With a Reservist in France a Personal Account of All the Engagements in Which the 1st Division 1st Corps Took Part, viz.: Mons (Including the Retirement), the Marne, the Aisne, First Battle of Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos, 106 With My Regiment, From the Aisne to La

194

The Battles of the B.E.F.

Bassée, 754 With Rifle and Pick, 265 With the Allies, 258 With the First Canadian Contingent, 974 With the Guns West and East, 15 With the Heavies in Flanders, 87 With the Immortal Seventh Division, 543 With the Indians in France, 962 With the Royal Garhwal Rifles in the Great War from August, 1914, to November, 1917, 274 With the 10th Essex in France, 55 Witkop, Philipp, 975 Witt-Guizot, Lieut. Colonel de, 976 Wolff, Anne, 977 Wood, Alan C., 918 Wood, H. F., 978 Wood, W. de B., 979 Woods, Richard, 867 Woodward, Llewellyn, 980 Woodyatt, Nigel G., 981 Worcester Regiment in the Great War, The, 880 Worcestershire Regiment, The, 353 "Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914-1919: Chemical Warfare, The", 982 Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914-1919, The, 818 World Crisis, The, 203 World in the Crucible, 1914-1919, The, 831 World War I, 470 World War I, 640 World War I : A Compact History, 457 World War I : A Short History, 608 World War I : An Outline History, 49 World War I Aviation: A Bibliography of Books in English, French, German, and Italian, 720 World War I in Photographs, 379 World War I in the Air: A Bibliography and Chronology, 869 World War One Reminiscences of a New Brunswick Veteran, 272 World War One Source Book, The, 459 Worthington, Larry. Amid the Guns Below: The Story of the Canadian Corps (1914-1919), 983 Wrede, Edmund Fürst von, 984 Württemberger in Weltkrieg, Die, 695 Württembergische Reserve-FeldartillerieRegiment Nr. 54 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918, Das, 555 Württembergische Reserve-Inf.-Regiment Nr.

248 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918, Das, 788 Wykes, A., 985 Wylly, H. C., 986-96 Wynne, G. C., 16, 103, 968, 997-1003 Wyrall, Everard, 1004-12 Year Ago: Eyewitness's Narrative of the War From March 20th to July 19th, 1915, A, 897 York and Lancaster Regiment, 1758-1919, The, 996 Young, B. K., 1013 Young, Peter, 313, 1014 Youth of Yesteryear: Campaigns, Battles, Service and Exploits of the Glasgow Territorials in the Last Great War, 703 Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1015 Ypres and the Battles for Ypres, 1914-1918, 666 Ypres, First Battle of, 12-13, 15, 1, 19, 34, 106, 175, 191, 232, 239, 249, 301, 311, 336, 369, 372, 434, 436, 472-73, 508, 528, 546, 552, 564, 584, 596, 598, 600, 651, 661, 665, 695, 716, 718, 722, 762, 837, 933, 937, 940, 945, 957, 967, 989 Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert, and Loos, 106 Ypres, 1914, 369 Ypres, 1914: An Official Account Published by Order of the German General Staff, 837 Ypres Salient, 21, 381-82, 419-20, 474, 493, 515, 517, 646, 678, 696, 743, 749, 772, 824, 839, 844, 875, 895, 897, 910, 940, -41, 946, 967, 986, 1015 Ypres Salient: Flanders Then and Now, The, 382 Ypres, Second Battle of, 22-23, 2, 5, 9, 42, 46, 50, 88, 90, 96, 124, 130, 147, 154, 158, 169, 185, 191, 194, 202, 206, 208, 239, 246, 251, 253, 262, 265-67, 295, 301, 313, 320-21, 342, 368, 381, 395, 403, 444, 448, 453, 480, 483, 488, 507, 528, 540, 564, 574, 577, 583-84, 596, 627, 632, 646, 661, 665, 672, 681, 686-87, 707, 729, 762, 773, 792, 839, 855, 884, 919, 931, 937, 940, 945, 989 Ypres, Sanctuary Wood and Hooge, 191 Ypres, The Holy Ground of British Arms, 967 Yyatt, Thomas C., 437 Zurlinden, Général, 1016

Index Zusammenbruch. Die Tragödie deutschen Feldheers, 835 Zwehl, General von, 1017-18

des

195

About the Author FRED R. VAN HARTESVELDT holds a PH.D. in history from Auburn University. He has published five other books, most recently The Boer War. He is the editor of the Journal of the Georgia Association of Historians and in 2000 held a Georgia Governor's Teaching Fellowship. He is also Secretary-Treasurer of the Southern Conference on British Studies.