Teach Yourself Hausa (Teach Yourself Languages)

TIÃUSÃ Charles H. Kraft. Ph.D. Departhent of ÌjinguiÂtics, tlniaerrìty ol Cdl;lorn;d iD â8ôociationwith

A. H. M. Kirk-Greene, M.A.(Cantab.) Seníor Rsee'ch IAI@ ín AÍríaatu Stúdíí,!' St. AÌúons's Colwc, o"Íod Unílcft;ts , IorncÌIy Ha oÍ tke DeIWtmmI oi LarqMg.s, Ak'"'ià,r Bello Uniü.tsiv. zdria, N;seúú Son tane Mennei oJ tha EMa hrÌ.gaqe Board ann Cteir,"nr oÌ the Higher StandMd Eth8a Boa oí E4min.rc

TEACH YOURSELFBOOKS

0ontents

Long'renownedastfteauthoritativesourcefor self-guidedlearning- with more than 30 million copiessoldworldwide-the Teachyoursàtfseriesincludisover 200titles in the fields of languages,crafts, hobbies,sports,and other leisureactivities. Library of CongressCatalog Card Number:9+65395 First publishedin uK 1973by Hodder Headlineplc, 33gEustonRoad, London NWl 3BH First publishedin us 1994by NTC publishingGroup, 4255wesr Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood (Chicago),Illinois 606216 - 1975U.S.A. Copyright @ 1973Hodder and StoughtonLtd In UK: All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproducedor transmittedin any form or by any means,electronicor mechanicàI, including photocopy,recording,or any information storageand retrievarsystem,withãut permissionin writing from the publisheror under licencefrom the Copyright LicensingAgency Limited. Further detailsof suchlicences(for reprograpËic reproduction)may be obtainedfrom the copyright LicensingAgeìcy Limited, of 90 TottenhamCourt Road, London Vy'lp9HE. In Ils: All rights reserved.No part of this book may be reproduced,stored in a retrievalsystem,or transmittedin any form, or by any means,electronic, mechanical,photocopying,or otherwise,without prior permissionof NTC PublishingGroup. Printedand boundin Great Britain by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading,Berkshire First published1973 Reissued1990 10987654 3 1999 1998 1997 t996

1995 1994

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PEnt ONn-IxrRoDUcrroN I The llausa Language 2 Hausa Pronunciation f: Consonants and Yowels 3 lfausa PronunciationfI: Toneantl fnbnation

7 13

Plnr Two-GneMMÂIr 4 GreeüingsI õ Genderof Nouns 6 'To be': [ê, Gêand Kè nan 7 CompleüedAcüion I The Genitival Link 9 PossessivePronouns 10 Specifiers-'This', 'That', 'These', ' Those' ll Quantifiers 12 Subjunative Aspect and Commands 13 Non-aspeotYerbals; 'Yes' and,'No' 14 Inüransitive Yerbs fã ftansitive Yerbs; ObjecüPronouns 16 The X'uture Aspectsand ZE. l7 Relaters and Relational Nouns l8 Continuative Aspecü 19 Verbal Nouns 20 The 'Relative' Aspecüs; Relative Constructions. 21 Interrogative and Indefinite Nominals 22 Noun Plurals 23 Adjectival Nominals ; Comparison 24 Âdverbial Nominals and Ïdeophones 25 Yerb ï'orrns

2g 27 32 36 41 46 õ1 67 61 66 7l 74 81 85 93 98 104

rl2 LzL t29 r37 r45

26 The }Iabiüual Aspect; 'Auxiliary' Verbs; Exclamations 27 LYses ofAspects 28 Reduplicaüion 29 The RelatersSai and Dè 30 Prefixes and Suffixes

176 185 I92

P.En'r Tnnns -REFEBDNcD 3l GnietingsII 32 Numbers 33 Time 34 llone,v and llarketing 35 Farnily and Kinship'Ienns 36 Person-Àspecü Pronounsand Pronoun Tables 37 l'erbals 38 Nominals

206 212 216 2r9 222 225 232 24L

Plnr Foun.-S uppr,DuoNl'anr* ll.l,rr:nrers 39 Letter \{riting 40 Proverbs and Riddlcs 4l Addit'ional Conversations 42 Additional Texts 43 Bibliography

265 258 266 282 289

Panl' Frvr: --AppENDrcES Ke.y to Exercises Translaüionsof Dialoguesand Fables Hausa-English Vocabulary Engli sh-HausaYocabulary

303 317 982 373

r57 r67

helace lV'ore it not for the facü that we have three matters to teooÌd, no prefatory note would be necessaryin a volume in the well-establishedTeach Yourself series. First, a note on the history of the materials in this Hausa grammâr. The original lessonswere used from 1962-1968 by l[r. Kirk-Greene in regular African languagecoursesin the SummerSchoolsat the University of ÕaliÍornia, Los Angeles, and for faculty and postgraduate classesat Ahmadu Bello University. A parallel ãnd adrr*oced version was used by Dr. Kraft in his e1sflif-sa,1ningcourses at Miohigan State University between1964and 1968,and.at UCLA from 1968to the present. On the experiencegainedfrortr this considerable tosting period we have combined.and revised our €oÌrrse materials. Since 1966,Dr. Krafb has worked'on the task of incorporating them into the eventual text of Tea'ch Yunsetf Eausa. If the found.ationsof this volume lie in ühe orilinal work of one of us, the credit for the final versionis essentiallythat ofthe other. Secondly,a referenceto someof the distinotive features of this Hausa grarÌrmar. In most existent grarg'mars1 ineufficient attention has been paid to ühe questions of ma,rkingtone and vowel tength; we have given-special attenüión to üheseessential aids to acquiring fl.uency. suc\ *t tl9 The supplementary sections of the\ok, refaenü-ial rg{ing, to fuúher gurde bibliogffphical and'-a synopsis lessonã,quick-look tables of grammaticaÌ üwo-wayvocabulary of some 2000 words will pÌacg -the studenüwho completesthis coursein a promising position to sit formal examinationsin llausa and then, hopefully, mqve to ühe field to put into practice whaü he has learned at home. Again, we have sought to suppoú

VIII

PBEFACE

ühemorphologicaland syntactical analysis by a seriesof [t4y dialogues and üypical situational oonversations, 11d, later on, of traditional fables, proverbs and stories. 'Where the student has the advantageof working wiüh a Hausa informant, he may conveniently haú these conversation-pieoesread or recorded. But since .rre are aware ühat, in ühe nature of the Teach Yourself series, panl studenüs\rill initially be faced.with the problem of liüerally teaching themselves, we have here and there esoheweda-napproach ühat holds that grarnrnarsshould be_purely descripüiveand.never prescrìptive, and. have taken ad.vantageof our classexperiencewhere we have found that a didactio 'Iaying dõwn of ühe basic rules, is very often a helpful and áppreciated framework for tho* bgginning üo learn an African language. and most importantly, the achãwledgement ^Thir{y, of-our debüsof gratitude. To name all those-sclohrs informants, reseãrchassisüants,rt"ar"t -*U"-ú;;;;; readily co-operated in our work on this new ïlausa course would be impossible. But we hope that if we specify those to whom our greatest thanl