®
Teach Yourself
COMPLETE Speak, read and write with confidence (page xvii) xxiii) (page alphabet the Learn 1) (page yourself Introduce Order a drink Small talk (page 19) menus (page (page 35) Understand 73) (page 51) Give directions arrangements travel Make the time (page (page 91) Tell the future (page 97) Talk about call phone a Make 134) the Understand 151) (page forecast (page 186) weather Greece (page 208) in Easter . voca buI ~ Find e ential I' fast (page 278) Test your elf and learn (www.teachyourself.com)
...'-'~C\ ~
.-\\~,~~·· -«(\
FROM BEGINNER TO
:
Level4
"'c.f
\'1t-
.,l\\\
"Global scale" of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment (CEFR)
N
u ..J
!~ t>W
Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources. reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.
>..J
~~ >w
1-U
u -> "'"' ..J
t>W
>..J
~~ >w
Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
1-U
Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans. Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.
< ..J
.-"' -> t>W
>..J
~ft: >w
Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic phrases aimed ot the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives. people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.
1-U © Council of Europe. www.coe.int/lang.
Extract reproduced with the permission of the Council of Europe, Strasbourg
Complete Greek
®
Teach
Yourself
Complete Greek Aristarhos Matsukas
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Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: on file. First published in UK ~~~7 as Teach Yourself Grui by Hodder Education, pan of Hachette Livre UK, 338 Euston Road, London, NW1 3BH. First published in US 1997 as Teach Yourself Gruk by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. This edition published 1010. The Teach YOMI'IIIlf name is a registered trade mark of Hodder Headline. Copyright C 1997, 1003, •o1o Aristarhos Matsukas
In UK: All rights reserved. Apan from any permitted use under UK copyright law, no pan of this publication may be reproduced or ttansmitred in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information, storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing &om the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Funher details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. In US: All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no pan of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Typeset by MPS Limited, A Macmillan Company. Printed in Great Britain for Hodder Education, pan of Hachette Livre UK, 33 8 Euston Road, London, NW1 3BH, by Cox & Wyman Ltd, Reading, Berkshire. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websires referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher and the author have no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content will remain relevant, decent or appropriate. Hachette Livre UK's policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests. The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Impression number 10 ~ 8 7 6
s4 3 1 1
Year 10IJ 2.014 2.013 2.012. 2.011 2.010
Acknowledgements Special thanks for this new edition go to Rebecca Green, Ginny Catmur and Sue Hart, my editors at Hodder Education, also to my students in New York City, Athens, and now in Berlin who have shown me over the years what is important and fun when learning Modern Greek.
.................................................................................................
Contents v
Acknowledgements Meet the author Only got a minute? Only got ten minutes? Introduction How to use this book Symbols and abbreviations Pronunciation guide 1
2
3
4
s 6
7
ix X
xii xvii xviii xxii xxiii
r11a aoul
Hi! Asking for and giving personal information, introducing people, using Greek greetings Ta Kciv£u;; How are you doing? Engaging in 'small talk; enquiring about each other's health, conversing about common daily activities, talking about what jobs people have, counting from 1-10 'EAa va naOUIJ€ tva ou(ciKd Let's have a glass of ouzo! Ordering drinks, asking for local drinks, counting from 11-20 KaAra op€~111 Bon appetit! Ordering food in a restaurant, asking for local specialities, enquiring about Greek eating habits, counting from 21-100 Revision test 1 nou dvaa 11 AKponoAra; Where is the Acropolis? Asking for directions, understanding simple instructions, finding your way around, counting from 101-1000 KaAo Ta~i6d Have a nice trip! Making travel arrangements, finding out about public transport, purchasing tickets and making reservations, telling the time, counting from
1
19
35
51
67 73
91
1000-10000
Contents
Vll
8
'ExnE 6w1Jcttla; Do you have any rooms?
9
Enquiring about rooms, making hotel reservations, checking in or checking out, explaining a problem with your room 0iAnE TlnoTa; How can I help you? 124 Buying things, enquiring about prices, stating preferences, naming fruit and vegetables, naming colours
10 11
Revision test 2 'EAal noao«; Elvaa; Hello! who is it?
107
144 151
Making telephone calls, making arrangements to meet someone, suggesting what to do and where to meet, talking about business plans 12
Eixa tva TPOI.IEPO novoKtcpaAol I had a terrible headache! Express feelings, talking
167
to a doctor, asking for remedies, naming different professions, naming different sports 13
Ta Kaapo tKavE; What was the weather like?
186
Talking about the weather, using expressions of time, getting the gist of a weather forecast, naming the months and seasons 14
nou nftyaTE yaa naaxa; Where did you go for Easter?
208
Using appropriate language at a social function, expressing wishes or congratulations, expressing opinions and state preferences, describing past events 15
Revision test 3 Key to the exercises Glossary of grammatical terms Grammar summary Index of grammatical terms and thematic vocabulary Greek history timeline Greek language timeline Taking it further English-Greek glossary Greek-English glossary
Vlll
230
237 252 257 270 272 273 276 278 298
Meet the author I have worked as a professional author and language teacher for over 25 years. I have written language books with special focus on Greek as a foreign language, including a bilingual English-Greek, Greek-English pocket dictionary. I have lived about half of my life away from Athens, my birthplace, first in the US for fourteen years, where I had studied Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) and Applied Linguistics, and now in Berlin for the last nine years. My accumulated teaching experience of Modern Greek comes from teaching adults and college students in New York City, then Athens, and more recently Berlin. My professional experience also includes among others university teaching in the USA, working as a head of department in a community college in Athens, as a language school director in Ioannina (Greece), and as the translator of three cookery books. When not at my desk, I can usually be found in the kitchen, in a bookshop, or at a language book fair. I love travelling (having visited more than twenty countries), watching TV, and learning languages. Aristarhos Matsukas
Meet the author
lX
Only got a minute? According to Aristides Konstantinides' book Greek
Words in the English Language there are 45,729 Greek words in English!
As you work through this course, you will become increasingly aware of Greek loanwords in English although sometimes, you have to stretch your imagination and bend the odd pronunciation rule to spot them. Here are some first examples of loan words:
problem, music, politics, idea, programme, system. Have a go at the similar or different exercises in the Practice section of each unit. There are at least ten words in these exercises throughout this book that test your ability to make associations between what you already know and what you are learning. These associations can sometimes be difficult to detect: for example the words 1JU8o~
(myth), IJETpo (metre) and nEpio6o~ (period) are
easily detected once you know the Greek alphabet, but
X
the word ~~~Aio (book) does not carry an immediate association, although bibliography does. You might be relieved to know that there are a large number of English loanwords in Greek too, for example complex, stress and camping. Many sports are also identical in both languages, for instance tennis and volleyball. New technology has also introduced many terms in Greek: computer, fax, and email are a few examples. In Greece many signs are in English, including the street sign for 'stop: the sign 'WC' for public toilets, and even 'P'for car parks. Sometimes, there is a Greek word for these words, but the English word is generally used in everyday language.
XI
nly got ten minutes? . \tl.' of the Indo-European languages, with more than 4,000 years of development and history. It is spoken by more than 10 million people in Greece alone and about 4 million people elsewhere. Australia, Canada, the USA, and South Africa still have the largest Greek-speaking populations outside Greece. Apart from the second- or third-generation Greeks abroad, many foreigners, like perhaps yourself, learn Greek in colleges, adult education centres, or private language schools every single year. One of the reasons is perhaps to keep up ties with families, or new relatives, or even business colleagues in Greece. No matter what your reason is for actually wanting to learn Greek, you are about to study a very interesting language, rooted in a deep and rich cultural heritage, and spoken by a very proud nation. After so many centuries, past works in this language are still relevant in many disciplines including philosophy, drama, the arts, and architecture, just to name a few. New doctors still take the Hippocratic Oath before graduation. Theologians and ordinands still read the New Testament in its original language, and mathematicians still try to expand on Pythagoras's theorem after 2,500 years! The rich cultural and linguistic past of the Greeks should not be viewed as an extra burden on your efforts to learn Modern Greek as it is nowadays spoken in Greece. On the contrary, that past should make you aware that learning Greek today can set you apart from other bilinguals or multilinguals who claim knowledge of other major languages. It is not only an advantage to be able to speak Greek; it should also be a privilege and a unique experience! Even in the business world, knowledge of less commonly spoken languages can make a difference when you apply for a new job, so take this as a rewarding experience right from the start and remember you are not the first person to try and learn Greek. Many other language learners have succeeded in the past with this beautiful language and now you will be the next one. Xll
Apart from this course, you can nowadays get so much information through the Internet, from Greek music to online dictionaries or photos from all over Greece or even the new Acropolis Museum in Athens! The Internet can accompany your efforts with this book and can add colour, shapes, and designs as well as enrich the suggestions or topics we are dealing with in this book. Do not also forget what we pointed out to you in the one-minutesummary. You already know more than you probably think! Throughout the units we try to reinforce and single out certain obvious or not so obvious similarities in both languages. People are often surprised to realize that so many words are almost similar and/ or easy to remember. Let us give you some examples here with Greek numbers: 'triathlon' from tria, for 'three'; 'pentagon' from pente, for 'five'; 'octagon' from okto, for 'eight''; or even 'decimal' or 'decathlon' from THeka for 'ten'. What is also very comforting is that many road signs, or signs in airports, railway stations, or harbours are usually bilingual in Greek and English! This book will, however, prepare you also for some signs you might encounter only in Greek. So the combination of bilingual signs in Greece and familiarity with the Greek script as taught in this book should prevent you from becoming afraid of this new alphabet. Remember also that we will use a lot of transliteration to boost your confidence with many initial vocabulary items that can be tackled this way and so relieve you of an extra burden. So kalimera, kalispera and kalinihta will be greetings and valedictions for you to understand and/or use immediately, rather than having to spend five minutes thinking about their spelling! After all this information, are you ready now to move on and make some progress with grammar? For some reason, when some learners hear this word, it turns them off completely. Of course, we would like to think that life would be. much si.mp~er ~f there were no grammar a.t all. Man¥.dl · thmk English IS virtually grammar-free. Enghsh-s ~a eyed with surprise when someone points out th words 'who whose - whom' are the nominative, genitive accusative forms. Unless they have learnt Latin or any other heav-~inflected language, they will never have heard anything like thi~fore! Interestingly enough though, this is true and there area smal·W>· inders and traces
glish. Today, some languages have retained inflected forms, w .. eas some others have reduced them along the way. Both languagCfor example, have irregular verbs (go- wentgone), irregular a ives (bad- worse- worst), or irregular nouns (singular: news i .. plural: two mice but one mouse). You will me irregular forms, but do not forget that both asked to le tJil. also plenty of regular verbs, nouns, or adjectives! Consi, x. W
Two-letter vowels
Two-letter consonants
aL, El, Ol, OU
yy,yK,YX,f!TI,VT,TO,T~
XXlV
Vowel combinations
Two same-letter consonants
au, EU
~~,KK,AA,~~,VV,TITI,pp,OO,TT
The sounds of vowels and consonants in each sub-group above are explained in the following section. Letters and sounds
In general, remember that all letters have one sound, with a few exceptions: fy [ghcima], I af«; [sighma], and Xx [hi]. Otherwise, the vowel or consonant sounds are always pronounced in the same way in Greek, in contrast with English where one letter usually has more than one sound, e.g. a as in mat, mate, mayor, etc.
Vowel sounds -4~
CD 1, TR 1, o:z:47
Aa Et: HlJ h Oo
Yu
nw
[alfa] [epsilon] [ita] [y6ta] [6mikron] [ipsilon] [omegha]
a as in raft e as in met i as in inn i as in sit o as in lot i as in inn o as in lot
Examples of vowel sounds:
Aa Et:
HlJ It Oo
Yu
nw
[a] aEponA.avo [e] EAtK6nnpo [i] iJpwa.Aa twpa ~ m.,v A9flva. Eyili eiiJOI an6 to J\ov61vo. ::tpe~«; AyyAtKa; OXtl t.umuxtiJQ M6vo ltaAtKa Kat tilipa ..• EAA.,vtKO!
1 Antonio j Mary 1 Antonio Mary
nWc; oe Aeve; Avt6vtO. Eoeva; Maip11 1'1 Mapia. Opafal reta oou Malp11. raa oou Avt6vto.
i Mary
i:................................................................................................................................. I o ITaAoc; [o ital6s] noaa [pya] 11 noA11 [i p61 i] To MaAavo [to milano]
aAAa [ala] Tcilpa [t6ra]
Jilvw [meno] ati1V [sti n] 11 A8flva [i athina] qtcil [egh6] AyyAaKa [anglika] oxa [6chi] (tpllc;; [kseris]? 6uatuxwc; [THistih6sJ EAA11v1Ka [elinika] ncilc; ae Atve; [pos se lene]? eotva [esena] 1'1
[i]
wpala [orea] aou [su]
4
Italian (n) (origin) which town (f) Milan (n) but now I live m Athens (f) I (first person) English (language) no you know (here, do you know?) unfortunately I I am sorry but ... Greek (language) What's your name? (infm./sing.) you or good, nice, wonderful to you I you (sing.)
i·~~igt;t·························································································
The section that follows often extends the vocabulary of each unit. It is a good idea for you to transfer information from this section to your notebook as a mind map or a list, or even to flash cards as related words. Some people even use Post-it notes on the refrigerator or even the bathroom mirror! It is important to concentrate on small chunks at a time and for you to feel on top of things and not overwhelmed; it is perfectly all right if you decide to copy only 3-5 words or expressions at a time. 0 0 ••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Language notes Greetings and farewells
You have already met yna aou! [yasu] (informal, for addressing people you know) and y£La aac;! [yasas] (formal, for people you don't know, or for addressing more than one person). They are both expressions used every day by young and old alike. The word yna [ya] comes from uyda [ighia] (health) and the expression actually means health to you! There are three other meanings of this expression: goodbye - when leaving, bless you - when sneezing and cheers! - when drinking.
Although y£La aou, yt:La aac; or simply y£La [yasu-yasas-ya) can be used throughout the day, Greeks use other greetings and farewells too, such as KaAlJJlipa [kalimera] (good morning), KaA6 IU:OlJJlipL [kal6 mesimeri] (have a nice siesta!) KaA6 an:6y£UJ1« [kal6 ap6ghevma] (have a nice afternoon), KaAl)cntipa [kalispera]
Unlt1
Hll
5
(good evening), KaAO (Jpa6u [kal6 vraTHi] (have a nice evening)'i and KaATJVUXt« [kalinfhta] (good night). KW.TJJ.lipa stands for bot~. good morning and good day in English. j In formal greetings you may hear xa(pnt: [herete] (hello) and in1 certain regions the repeated form xa(pt:TE! xa(pt:TE! The answer isl also xa(pnt: although sometimes you might hear both expressionsj xa(pnt:! yt:la aac;! together as an answer. The formal avdo [andfo ]' (goodbye) tends to be used less and less. It is still used however to. mean a 'final goodbye'. :-································································································································~
l Greetings
l: yatal :
l yaa O'OUI j yaa CJad
Farewells
Replies
yaaJ
yatal yaaa aoul yaa O'Q(I
j accwuatpal
yaa O'OUI YIIG CJad acaAq.,Wpal
IICCIAqcnripaJ
ICUOIICCJrlptpd
il
=
=:a.......
KCIArtJiipaf
:
i:
1 !
!
I I
==!
..................................................................................................................................l:
:
*You could also say~ mlfnK (thanks, likewise).
Grammar 1
Asking questions
It is easy to ask a question in Greek; just remember that the pitch of your voice goes up. EiaaaiTaA6c; means you are Italian when the pitch of your voice goes down at the end, and are you Italian? when the pitch of your voice goes up at the end. You will be pleased to know that to ask questions in Greek there are no changes in word order as in English, such as you are - are you? or the addition of extra words, such as 'you love me - do you love me?' The English semicolon(;) is the question mark(?) in written Greek. The Greek semicolon is a mark we do not use in English; it is a raised full-stop! (· ).
6
e:i1..1a1 [fme] to be Notice the statement and the question forms of the verb dJJ.aL (I am).
The verb
..
i··~i~~;[i;;;~i···············/;-;;;····················· ·~~~rr~~i··············;-;;;,;·····················1
i eloat [lse]
you ore (infm)
i elva• [ine] i eiiJaare [lmaste] i eloaare/elare i [fsaste] [lste]
he/she/it Is we are you are (fm)
j elvat [ine]
they ore
eloat; (ise} dvm; [(ne) d!Jaott; [fmaste] doaare/elate; [fsaste} [fste] elvat; [fne]
are you? (infm)
1
Is he/she/it?
are ~~it? are you? (fm)
i i
1
i j : ................................................................................................................................... are they?
You use daaL when talking to one person that you know well, or when he or she is younger than you; this is the 'informal form' (infm.). However, when you use daaan: or dan: to one person, it is probably out of respect (with an older person, higher social status and so on) or when you address more than one person; this is the 'formal' (fm.) or plural form. Other languages also have different forms of formal and informal address for you are: 'tu est' and 'vous etes' in French, or 'du bist' and 'Sie sind' in German.
Saying yes and no In Greek as in most languages you can answer a question fully or give a shorter answer. Notice the following example and the four possible answers: Eicrm InxA.6~; Are you Italian? Nat, ELI.lm haA.o~. Yes, I am Italian. Nat, ELjlaL. Nat.
Yes, I am. Yes.
Or you can even give a silent answer by tilting your head forward a couple of times. Soon you will meet other ways of saying 'yes' such as JlcXAUJTa, aJJ.i and n:wc;! with their corresponding uses. The opposite of vaL (yes) is OXL (no). This is often confusing to the ears of many foreigners because the Greek word for yes (vaL) sounds like the English no. Notice also the head nodding that usually accompanies a Greek yes or no!
Unlt1
Hll
7
2
The verbs live/stay and know
Verbs (i.e. words expressing an action or state such as 'go, be, eat') are conjugated in Greek. This means that you put endings after the stem of the verb. (The stem is the simplest form of a word, i.e. without any ending, such as f,l£V- (live), and ~£p- (know).) The function of an ending is to identify who you are talking about. Notice the different forms of two common verbs: JlEVW (I live) and ~tpw (I know). :·································································································································~
j Jltv-w [meno)
1 Jltv·Etc; [men is]
/live/stay you live
~~p-w [ksero)
~~p-Ete; [kseris)
I know you know
1
j
j Jltv·Et [meni) he/she/it lives ~.1[kseri) he/sheli.'.t knows.·.·.,. ·' i Jllv-ouJ1E [menume] we live «p-Gull£ [kserume) we know
i Jltv-ETE [menete] you live (~p-etE [kserete) you know , 1 Jltv-ouv [menun] they live ~~ [kserun) they know · :.................................................................................................................................a Here are two examples you saw in the dialogues earlier in this unit: AJJJx Twpa jlEVW l j.lEVEL OTO ~EVOOOXELO "AKpOTIOAL 0
2 How are you? ~$
CD 1, TR 3, 01:16
.\lary strikes up a conversation in a corridor at the Polyglot Institute (Oo!tuy!twno lvonmuTo) [Polfghloto Instituto] with the director rLavvrp:; AVTWVLOU [Yannis Antonfu] .
...................................................................................................................................: Mary
ruivv.,c; Mary
Mary
r.avv.,c; Mary
r1avv11c; Mary
r•avv.,c;
[kalimera kirie andoniu] [ti kanete]? [kalimera marla] [lme kala] [esf pos ise slmera]? [kala] [eho 6mos pende mathlmata sfmera] [po-po] [pyos kani to pr6ghrama su]? [esfs klrle andonfu] [a ne]! [to ksehasa]!
Good morning, Mr Andoniou! Howareyou? Good morning, Maria. How are you doing today? Fine, but I have five classes today! Wow! Who arranges your schedule? You, Mr Andoniou! Oh, yes! I forgot that!
KW.ru..1tpa KUPI£ Avrwviou! Tt Kavtt£; KW.I"JI.Jtpa Mapia. Ei1..1a1 KW.a, fOU nwc; float Or'}1.J£pa; KW.a, txw 61..1wc; ntvt£ I.Ja8r'}1.Jma or'}1.J£pa! (laughing). nw! nw! notoc; KOV£1 TO np6ypa1.JI.Ja oou; Eofic; Kupt£ Avtwviou! A, val! To ~txaoa!
................................................................................................................................. £ou [esO
nwc; £ioal; [pos ise]? Oli1J£pa [simera] txw [echo] 61Jwc; [6mos] ntvu [pende]
you (sing./infm.) how are you? today I have but, though five
Unit 2
How are you dolng7
ID
c
~
II&:
!::!
::I
a
21
"'~':': 1Ja8fiiJaTa [mathfmata] ' nw! nw! [po-pol!
~ ==~•
I
[to prOghrama] noaoc; KGVEI TO npoypaiJIJG aou; [pyos kani to pr6ghrama su]? TO (txaaa! [to ksehasa] (txaaa [ksehasa]
classes (n), lessons, courses Wow! who schedule {lit. programme) Who arranges your schedule? I forgot that! I forgot
3 I don't remember! -4$ CD 1, TR 3, 01:54
Domenico Di Capo, an archaeologist, meets MapHxvva Ayyt.Aou (Marianne Angelou), a Greek archaeologist who spent three months in Italy last year. They meet at the National Archaeological Museum .
.................................................................................................................................... Marianne [yasu domeniko] [herome Hi, Domenico. I'm glad to see you i 1',,.·
Domenico
1 Marianne 1 Domenico
22
pu se ksanavlepo] again. How are you doing? [pos fse]? [yasu mariana] [THen to Hi, Marianne. I don't believe it! I see you in Athens again. pistevo] [se ksanavlepo stin athfna] [pos pas]? How's it going 7Are you OK? [fse kala]? [fme polf kala] [esf pos fse]? I'm just fine. How are you? [kala] [poli kala] Fine, just fine.
[p~~~~n~J~res
Ho(~t~=~:~r:nh:t~i,~~
,' ,: Marianne Domenico :
fse stin been [eho tris meres stin I've been (lit. I have) three ... days athfna] [nomizo teseris] in Athens./ think four ... Hm! [hm]! [THe thimame]! I don't remember!
1 Marianne
reta aou NTO!JEviKO. XalpOIJOI nou OE €avaf3Atnw. nwc; EIOOI; reta aou Maptawa. !lev TO ntateuw! I:e €avaf3Atnw OTilV A9r')va. nwc; nac;; Elaal KaM; EiiJal noM KaAa. Eau nWc; eiam;
j:.
Domenico
j
Marianne
oomenico Marianne oomenico
Ka).a, noM Ka).a! n6oEc; IJEpEc; E(OOI O'TI1V A8f)va; 'EXW TpEtc; IJEP£w11an6 TIJ; Naa, j3tpaaa, a~Jtowc;. reAiyo ... EIOTE tfOIIJOI Tli>pa; etAouiJE c5uo npwava "KoVTavtVTall." Kal c5uo OIJEAtfec; IJE (a1Jn6v. 'Eva ya""1K6 Kacpt, tva TOOl Kal 6Uo XUIJOUC: ROPTOKciAI. 8tAETE TO TOOIIJE AE1J6vl I'J yaAa; TOOIIJE AEIJ6VI, euxapiOTW. CJ>tpTE IJac; Alyo j3oiJTupo Kai1Jap1JU06a EniOilC:· Ka1 cppuyav1tc; I'J I!IWIJI .. . AlltOWEpTE
XUI..lOUc;
TTPWlVQ
KOl
..................................................................................................
,
Insight How did you do on this last section? Did you have any particular difficulties especially in the last exercise? If not, we would like to suggest something to you whenever you have some extra time. There are usually three dialogues in each unit. Go back and copy one or both of the remaining dialogues on a piece of paper. Then decide and white out 6 to 10 key words before you play the CD again and challenge yourself not only with the listening comprehension but also the spelling of the missing words.
A little extra! At the 'Neon' cafe -4i CD 1, TR 4, os:27 fLwpyo~ nanaoonou.Ao~, Domenico Di Capo and Mary Johnson have just arrived at 'Neon' - a cafe in the centre of Athens.
KACI»ENEION
NEON
~-~····:~~~:~~;,~l··~~~~~~ 1.
Mary
:.
l,',,,
46
r&ci»pyo(
appetizers. [pali uzo]l [egh6 thelo na Ouzo again! I want to have pyo] [ufski sfmera] [ena whisky today. A Cutty Sark on kati sark] [me paghakia] the rocks. [kl egh6 thelo mfa bfra] And I want a beer. A Heineken or [mfa Heine ken] [i mia an Amstel. Amstel]
Domenico
Mary
rawpyoc;
rawpyoc; Domenico Mary
rawpyoc; Domenico Mary
rawpyoc;
[t6te egh6 tha paro ena Then I'll have a small glass of) ouzo and a small plate of assorted uzakQ [ke mia mikrl appetizers. We are In Greece after pikiUa] [yatl lmaste all (lit. Why are we in Greecen. stln ei~THa]? You're right! Let's have a bottle of [kal~ les]l [na p~rume retsina •.. do they have retsina ena bu~li retsina] • • • here? [ehun retsina eTH6]? [THe nomlzo] [eTH6 lne •. •I don't think (so). It's a coffee bar (here). Let's ask anyhow kate-bar] [as rotlsume (lit. though). 6mos] Ta ea ncipoUJ.IE naacSaci; Eytil Mw va ncipOUJ.IE ouCo Kal J.lla J.IEvclAI'I noaKIAia. nciAa ouCol Eytil 80..w va mw ouloKa oi'JJ.!Epa. 'Eva Cutty Sark J.IE nayciKaa. K1 £ytiJ 80..w J.l(a 11nupa. Mia Heineken I'J Ilia Amstel. T6T£ £YW 8a ncipw tva ouCciKI KOIIJ(O J.IIKPI'J nOIKIAia. raatl Eillaat£ atl'lv EAAcicSa; KaM AEd Na ncipouJ.!E tva J.lnOUKciAI p£Tolva ••• txouv p£Tolva £6w; ... 11£ VOIJICw. EcSW EIVOI KOcpf-IJnap. Ar, PWTI'JOOUIJE 61JW(, .•.
To Kacpt [to kafe] To J.lnap [to bar] Atw [leo] llEyciAoc;/-1'1/-o [meghalos/-i/-o] nciAa [pali] mw [pyo] 8tAw va naw [thelo na pyo] TO OUiOKI [tO ufski] O~J.IEpa [sfmera] J.IE nayaKaa [me paghakia] 1"J J.lnupa [i bfra] J.IIKpoc;/-fl/-6 [mikros/-f/-6] VIOti [yatij KaAa Ale;! [kala les]! to J.lnouKGAa [to bukali]
(here) cafe (n) bar(n) I'm suggesting/saying large (adj) again I drink I would like to drink whisky (n) today with ice cubes/on the rocks beer (f) small because you're right! you're talking sense! (lit. well you are saying) bottle (n)
Unit 3 Let's have • glass of ouzol
47
11 pnaiva [i retsina] > 0
ac; pco~m'taoUJIE [as rotfsume]
retsina (f) Greek wine flavoured with resin let's ask
8 True or false? Mark (..') for true and ()C) for false.
a b c d
'OAOL 8£J..ouv 0\J~O ~E TrDlKtA(a. H Ka Johnson 8£AEl ~ta ~m)pa. 0 K. DiCapo 8EAEl tva ou[crKt. 0 K. naTta66TtOUAO~ 8EAEl ~La pncr[va.
9 Tick the most appropriate answer to the phrases you hear. If you don't have the recording, match the most appropriate answer to the four phrases listed below. ~• CD 1, TR 4, 06=45
a i 8£J..w va mw ou(crKt ml~Epa. ii et:>..w ~(a ~m)pa. b i 'Eva Cutty Sark ~E mxyo. II Eyw J..tw va mxpowE m)~o. c I Ou~o Kat ~[a ~EyaATJ TtOLKIA[a. ii M(a Heineken ~~(a Amstel. d i A~ pw-nlcrou~E 6~w~. ii Ou~aKt Kat ~[a ~tKp~ TtotKIA[a. Phrases:
a naA.t m)~o! b Eyw 8£Aw va mw ou[crKt ml~Epa. c Kt 8tJ..w ~(a ~m)pa. d EcSw dvat Kaq>t 1-map.
ryw
Coffee and ouzo- the Greek national drinks Greeks always find time for a morning, afternoon, or evening coffee or a glass of ouzo in a K«q>£vt:lo, ~ax:apon:AaaTdo or ou~EpL These places serve students, businessmen, lovers, the unemployed and pretty much everybody else- young and old: people study, tal~
48
business, cuddle, read the newspaper, talk about politics or football rnatches, and generally watch the world go by! A cup of coffee or a glass of ouzo can last two, three or four hours. You will find a Kacpt:vdo in every neighbourhood in larger cities and always in the centre (KEVTpo) or square (nA.anla) of smaller rowns or on the sea front (napaA.la) in fishing villages. Greek culture has evolved around the daily activities that take place in Kacpt:vda, ~axaponAa(J'tda or ou~t:pl
You have probably heard of or tasted Greek ouzo. There are many srnall producers and connoisseurs can tell the difference between brands. Metaxa brandy is another national drink, and it comes in three-, five- or seven-star bottles. Wine (Kpaal) comes in white (aanpo), red (KOKKLvo) or rose (po~i). You should try retsina (pnalva)- the wine flavoured with resin that Greeks sell in their ouzeri or tavernas. Ouzo
12, Ouzo Tsantalis (TaavTaATJ), Ouzo Mitilinis (MunA.fJVTJc;), Retsina Kourtaki (KoupTclKTJ), Retsina Markopoulou (MapKonouA.ou), Hatzimihali (XaT~TJJ.llXclATJ), Papaioannou (nanai"wavvou), Boutari (MnouTaplJ) or Cambas (KaJ.lnac;) are some of the many good Greek drinks. You must try them to find out which you prefer!
i"n5.i9h't························································································· We hope that you have access to the Internet because we would like to ask you for an unusual assignment. The section on 'Greek national drinks' includes many brand names but also different kinds of coffee bars, ouzos, or wines. Would you be able to surf the Internet and come up with 5 to 10 different photos? You can always print them out and insert your findings as extra visual cues and/or extra cultural information at the end of this unit. Do not forget to name, of course in Greek, your print outs!
······································································································
Unit 3
Let's have a glass of ouzo!
49
·J
Test yourself 1
Can you <emembee the G<eek foe the following ten importJ words from this unit? Try to write your answers in transliteratioi or Greek script.
f
water ii also iii bread iv milk
v usually 2
menu breakfast marvellous awful x beautiful
vi vii viii ix
i
Can you remember the following ten important phrases from this unit? Use transliteration or Greek script. Here you go! ii Can I have some ... ? ill That's it! iv That's enough!
v I don't want ...
vi vii viii ix x
Do you drink ouzo? What is 'mezeTHes'? I don't understand. I like it a lot. I have a friend.
3 The five phrases below use the formal way of addressing people.
Can you change them into informal Greek? Use transliteration or Greek script. ii iii iv v
50
[ti tha parete 1? TL Sa mxpETE; [valte mu nero]! BaATE ~ou VEp6 [pinete ghala]? nlvETE yaA.a; [mas fernete] ... ? MaptcrKta vTollaTa, q>tTa, 11aupE.CJta i Kal dressing. ~ Evta~EI, tva Greenburger VEU(.Ia v•a (.lEva (.IE 7UP Kal tva l club oavtou'itc; v•a ti)V T6VIa. i ll£v tXOU(.I£ 7UP (.16vo Sprite. ~ Evta(£1, Sprite t6t£ • . . ~ :::.!::::
! rtciVVI'Jc; j
YnciAArJAoc;
j rtcivvllc; YnciAArJAoc; : NiKoc; j
: rlciVVI'Jc; : YnciAAI'JAOc;
j
YnciAA11Aoc;
! r•avv11c;
..................................................................................................................................: EX£T£ £~Un1Jpctq8£i; [ehete eksipiretitha To XGJ1noupyK£p [to hamburger] To tupi [to tira trwavqttc; natauc; [tighanites patates]
have you been helped/ served?
•c
hamburger (n)
~Ill:
cheese (n) ~ french fries, chips (lit. fried potatoes)
Unit 4
Bon appetltl
63
1J1Kp6c;/-fl/-6 [mikr6s/-f/-6] [tO meghethos] qw &tAw va pwTflaw K{ITI [egh6 thelo na rotfso kati] &tAw [thelol To ayyoupaKa [to angurakil 11 niKAa [i pfkla] To yEu!Ja [to ghevma] TO OQVTOU"iT( [to sanduits] TO j.lty£80(
small size (n) I'd like to ask something. (lit. I want to ask something) I want I I'd like small cucumber (n) pickle (f) meal (n) sandwich (n)
8 True or false? Mark (,/) for true and (X) for false.
a 0 NLKOINAAN~IA
Revision test,
69
6 Ordering a souvlaki
You are with some friends at the niTTA nAN (Pitta Pan) souvlaki place somewhere in Greece. You order the following: • one item under niTTA nAPA.10~IAKH (Traditional pitta) • two items under niTTA X!lPIATIKH (Villager's pitta)
TIMOAOnON
~ ADOt'OIIN
,
"'"'~
• three items under EAAHNIKH NO~TIMIH (Greek specialities) • one small and two large bottles of beer 7 Reading Greek
Here is a label from everyday Athenian life. Can you make out its message?
8 Here is a list of the ten largest cities in the world in 199 5 and a
projection of the ten largest cities in 2015. The numbers represent millions of inhabitants. Can you make out the names of the cities and the countries?
70
01 10 nOAYnAH8EI:TEPE:t nOAEII:
(Source: United Nations.) 9 Foreign languages
Greeks often ask what languages you speak. Here is an advertisement for language-learning courses. Tick all the languages you recognize. rJ\OHEr nov MnOPEITE NA MAOETE ... j
AyyALKa yLa business
.J Ayyi.LKa yLa apxapiouLKa noAWVLKcl nopTOYaALKcl PwaLKa
0 EAATJVLKa yLa ~tvou.ac; lllAGII
1
j lllAG!R
i lllAcita
'contrected'.form IJIAW 1JIA6< IJIAG IJIA{apa IJWlrta
1 I speak
you speak he/she/It speaks we speak
you speak
l
! l
l
1
:.. ~.~.~.~ ......................~~~~~.........................~.~ .......................... .1 Numbers 101-1000 ~$
CD 1, TR 7, 05:47
100 102 151 200 300 400 500
EKaT6 [ekat6] EKaT6v cSUo [ekat6n THfo] EKaT6v 1tEV~VTa Eva [ekat6n penfnda ena] 6rroA.TJ dvaL arrtvavn
I live in Thessaloniki. The Acropolis is across from here.
arr6 E5w. MrrA.a crro (aE +TO) axoA.E(o.
Next to school.
Mf.vw 11taa <JT11 E>EaaaJtov(KT).
4 Numbers 1001-1oooo ~'~ CD 1, TR 8, 05:12
1001 XLALa tva [chilia en a] 1002 xlA.ta .SUo [chilia THio] 2000 .SUo xLA.ta5Ec; [THio chiliades] 2001 .SUo xLA.ta5Ec; tva 3000 TpELOplwV; d n6<JTJ wpa £Lvat TJ rrn1<JTJ;
I EKEL rrtpa! .1E ~A.trrEtc;; II Mo wpEc; aKpL~wc;. iii Ka9E jlEpa VOjll~W. iv 'E~LjlEpEc; rrpLV. Unit 7
Have a nice trlpl
10 1
3 Rearrange these lines to make a dialogue. a 3EpETE Tt6CJT] wpa KclVEL TO TpEVO;
b An6 nou daTE; E(~-taO"TE an6 TO AovcS(vo, aUa Twpa llEVOUilE O"TTJV AST\va. d l:uvfJ8w£10 a _ _ napaKaAW. b _ _ a'aUT6 TO KTipiO. Euxaptartil. reMyo .•• fEta oac;. Ka9E n6TE c _ _ ).EwcpopEio yta Tl'l 0EooaAoviKI"'; Mto6 ).£m6 va d _ _ . YnapXEI tva nou e _ _ oE IJIOt'l tilpa (1/2). YnapXOUV 9EOEIJl
m~(OL
Unit 7
7tplV
Have a nice trlpl
10 3
8
What time is it? Say the following times in Greek. If you have the recording, listen to them a couple of times, and repeat.
-4~
CD 1, TR 8, 07:19 a b
c d e
f g h
8.15 9.25 6.50 3.30 5.45
1.00 7.30 2.35 4.00 7.52
k I
4.23 9.49 m 7.12 n 1.30 0 1.43
A little extra! In the taxi -4~
CD 1, TR 8, o8:27
A passenger (mtjJlh'lc; [epivatis]) travelling to the airport is having a conversation with a taxi driver (Ta~LT~i)c; [taksitzis]) .
....................................................................................................................................
l Ta(rtCftc;
~ Ta(nCftc;
[pu pate klrie]? [sto aeroTHr6mio parakal6] [pu pate]? [panda ta berTHevo]! [pao sti r6THo] [pistevo]l [ti 6ra fne i ptisi sas]? [stis okt6 ke THeka] [a] [ehume 6ra] [THen echi kinisi simera]
:
[se ligho] . . .
i
i i i i
EmPcitl'lc; Ta(n~qc; EmPcitllc; Ta(nCftc;
En•Pcitl'lc;
1 Ta(nCftc;
i i i
Ta(nCftc;
I
EmPcit11c;
EmPcit11c; EmPcitl'lc;
i Ta(nCftc;
i Ta(nCftc; i En.Pcitl'lc; i Ta(nCftc;
i En.Pcitl'lc; i
Ta(aTCftc;
; EmPcitl'l( ~ Ta(nCftc;
104
[ftasame] [mis61ept6 na sas TH6so] [tis aposkeves sas] [efharist6] [ti otrlo]? [endeka evr6 akriv6s] [oriste TH6THeka evr6] [kratfste ta resta] [efharist6] [ke kal6 taksfTHi] [efharist6] [yasas] nou TrOT£ KUpt£; rTo a£poop61Jto rrapaKol\lil. nou rraT£; naVTa Ta tJrr£pO£uw! naw OT'l P6oo, mt~ETE Va tXEI 9ta I') I")OUXia; EiiJOOTE noM KOupaOIJtVOI. ea llpoTIIJOUOaiJE tva 6Wj.1Crrl0 IJE I'JOUXia. OK! To 6W1JCtTI6 aao.
1st floor mezzanine ground floor between cellar and ground floor cellar/basement I live on the fourth floor. This is the ground floor. My flat is in the basement/ cellar. Many pastry shops have a mezzanine.
Useful hotel vocabulary
maid (f) manager (m + f) waiter (m +f) (lit. servant) lift/elevator (n) bathtub (f) foyer (n) bar (n) lobby (n) balcony (n) suite (f) toilet (f) continental breakfast
'1 KaJlaptipa [i kamariera]
o/TJ JlcXVa-r~t:p [o/i manatzer] O/TJ at:pfJttopo.w tva ~£YMO 6w~ano ~£ wpa[a 8£a. 'EXET£; b fta m)a£.w; 'Eva 61MIVO, IJE tva 6mM KPE~clTI aMa 6XIIJE 6Uo IJOVcl
~~
Mto6 Aem6 napaKa>.w va cSw TO KOIJTriOUTEp. A !JclAtOTa, tXOUIJE 6uo 6w!JC1TIO 6ii.w Kat Til 6teu9uvofJ oac;. Kt tva TllAETOOOIJE
TlOIKlAiO
150
11
································································································
'EAa! TTOIO xaAaa!Jtvoc;/-1'1/-o TO ne:pinnpo TOnlKOc;/-1'1/-o une:paGTaKoc;/-1'1/-o naipve:a TOY apa81Jo AtyOj.IGI 8ai'J8e:Aa 8a I'J8e:Aa va KAe:iaw tva pavupou Topavupou 8a !Jnopouae: av e:ivaa 6uvmov o ne:pame:pcic;
Is there a public phone (I can use)? (lit. Do you have a phone (I can use)?) out of order kiosk (n)lnewsstand local long distance he dials (lit. takes) the number my name is (lit. I am called) I would like I'd like to make an appointment (lit. 'close' an appointment) appointment (n) he would be able to, he could if it is possible news stand salesperson/owner (m)
2 At Amanatides' office
-4• CD 2, TR 4, 02:36 1··rp;~~;:4~;;········i.w va avt~ eo.wvapwtr'tow 90.(1) VQ cpQW 90.w VO cpt)yw SO.w va napw
1 pAtnw 1 1 avE~alvw 9a avt~w/ave~ 1 ! pwraw(til) 9apwtr'tow i rpWW 9a (j)QW ~ q>EUYW 9a fPUyw : nalpvw ea napw : :..................................................................................................................................:
l
l l
The verb form is the same in the future and subjunctive. Refer to Unit 9 again for the full conjugation of this verb form. You also use this verb form in situations where two verbs in the same sentence have different personal pronouns, as in 'I want him to go'.
8£/..w va m:lw 8£/..w va Tiac; 8£/..w va mxt:t 8£/..w va mlfl£ 80. w va mht: 8£/..w va mxv(t:) 8£/..e:L va mho.
I want (me) to go I want you to go I want him/her/it to go I want us to go I want you to go I want them to go He wants me to go.
3 Subjunctive
The subjunctive has two main functions in Greek. The first one Was mentioned in the previous paragraph- as the second verb in a sentence preceded by va: 8£/..w va m:lw.
I want to go.
The second main function is more idiomatic. The simplest way of getting to grips with this function of the subjunctive is to learn examples in phrases as you come across them. There were many examples of this second, idiomatic function of va in the three dialogues of this unit. Look at the following list of examples:
Unit,,
Hello! who Is lt7
15 9
'Eva A£Tn6 va 6w To just a minute, let me see (so 1 can see) his schedule. np6ypall~Ul TOU. Na TTJc; 6wa£T£ nc; 8t:pll6Tt:pt:c; Give her my best regards. (lit. (I hope) you (to) give her wx£c; 1-1ou.
my best regards) Don't forget that! (lit. (I hope) Na llTJV TO ~£XUCJ£T£! (you) not to forget that!) Na aac; yvwp(aw Tov tdlpw Let me introduce Mr Smith to you. (lit. (I would like) to Smith. introduce to you Mr Smith.) MaKapL va llLAouaav 6A.OL haL! If only everybody could speak like this! (lit. (I wish that) everybody speaks so!) Na aac; npoaq>£pw Kan; Can I offer you anything? (lit. (Can) I (to) offer you anything?) Naq:>uyw; Shall! go? (lit. (May) I to go?) Come and see me. 'EAa va ll£ llt:Lc;. (lit. Come to see me)
Practice 1
Respond to the following situations you are likely to encounter~ Greek. '
a You are at a nt:p(nTt:po. Ask the nt:pmupac; for one local and one long-distance telephone call.
b Introduce yourself and say where you work. c Someone is saying: napaKaAW, aKOAOU8ELCJT£ ll£. What will you do? d Someone is visiting you. How could you say 'Sit down' or 'Have a seat.'? e You are talking to a colleague. How could you say: 'My regards to your wife.'? f Use the phrase 'Don't forget that!'. g Introduce Mr Smith to your friend. h Introduce rLwpyoc; to rLavvT)c;. Welcome someone at your home. Write out both phrases.
160
~
Match each question with the most appropriate answer. a 'EXETE TTJAEq>wvo; b 0EAETE yLa TOltlK6 ~ UTIEpaanK6 TTJAEq>WVO; c noTE ea 8£AaTE va KAEL<JETE paVTE~ou;
d Xa[pEaaL rrou ~E ~ava~.A£rrw;; e Na aou rrpoaq>£pw Kan;
MLa6 AEm6 va 8w To rrp6ypa~~a ~ou. ii Nm, £va avaljJuKTLKO av liE aou KavEL Korro. iii Nal rrapa TIOAU. iv fLa UTIEpa<JTLKO. 'EXETE ~ETPll~ (unit metre);
v
LUyvW~ll
alla dvaL xa.Aaa~£vo.
3 Rearrange these lines to make up a dialogue.
a Nm arr6 nEuyw vwp(OAt IJOU. nr')yec; OE KOViVa ytaTp6; !J.ev nr')ya ae ytOTp6. EXTic; TO IJEO'l!Jipt nr')ya a' iva q>Op!JOKE(O. 0 q>OpiJOKOJTOt6c; IJOU i6WOE iva IOXUp6 XCtlTI yta JTOVOKE(j)OAOUc; Kat 'liJIKpaviec;. rtOTi eixec; 'l!JtKpaviec;; !J.UOTUXWaAL IJOU ~ou(~EL. b Mou EPXETaL va Kavw E1.1ET6 (I vomit). c Tpt1.1w (I shiver), TOUpToup(~w (I am shaking) an6 TO Kpuo = txw KpualiEc; (I feel a chill). d 'Exw TP01.1EP6 novoKtq><XAo.
e L\Ev txw Ka86A.ou 6pE~TJ. f 'Exw TP01.1EP6 KoiA6novo. (TJ KoiALa belly) g ME novaEL o apLOTEp6c; 1.10u Wlloc;.
180
II
v
iv
vi
vii
Tpij.ICIJ TOUpTOUp((CIJ
IJEnOVOEI IJE novaEa o apaoTEpoc; IJOU WIJOc; o WIJO(
I shiver// am shivering I am shaking it hurts (lit. to me it hurts, or I hurt) my left shoulder hurts shoulder (m)
5 Complete the dialogue using the information in italics. ~~
CD 2, TR s, o6:1o
ITiAIO(
You
KaAilf..ltpa, O£ XOOOJJEI r1oU floouv; a I was on a trip In Crete {J(pi'!Til>·
ITiAaO(
na 6ouAEttc; fl m(f6t avai!JUXflc; (pleasure);
You
b It was a business trip. (lit. trip for business)
ITiAIO(
n6oo KatpO l1JEIV£C::
You
c I stayed for three days.
ITiAIO(
nt'ty£c; 1.16voc; oou (aiOI'\e) t't f..IE Til yuvaiKa oou;
Unit 12
I had a terrible headache!
181
You
d I went alone and my wife came the next (EJJ6f.1£VOaivEoat noM OTEvaxwprJ~Evoc;. "Exou~E naEt Kl QAAEEv dvat;
So Greek is quite easy, isn't it? What answer would you give to: Ta EMTJVLKa l>Ev dvatnoA.U McrKoA.a. 'Emtl>Ev ELVaL;
If you say: 'Nat, ETO"L E(vaL!' then you are on the right track! Keep up the good work! Expressions of time riA nOTE ElnE OTI TO 0EJ\EI;
riAMEGAYPIO
riAAYPIO
riAl:HMEPA
riATOPA
The cartoon illustrates the Greek notion of time, especially in a business context and particularly in the public sector where assignments move slowly, or stand still, before, or after, coffee! The cartoon's question probably refers to a supervisor or boss and a certain deadline. It reads: (for) when did he/she say that he/she wants it?
riA ME8AYPIO riAAYPIO riAl:HMEPA riA T.!1PA
for for for for
the day after tomorrow tomorrow today (right) now
Similar important vocabulary is: l"'"""""""""""""'""'"""""'"'""""""'""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""''~~
1 1'0U pvou
j a6p10
194
·
TOU napaxp6vou
j.tE.8aUpto
next year tomorrow
the year after next the day after tOmorrow
1 1
i 11tpo• 1,,·
(tlxetc;
last year yesterday
np6nt:pcn npo)(6tc;
the year before last the day before yesterday
:.....................................................................................................................................
Grammar 1
This and that
You have seen lots of words like cro'toc;, au'to and au'ta in previous units, and 'toaa, au'to, 'toao, 'tE'tOLO, rKdvo, 'tE'tOLa and au't'ft in this unit. These are all pronouns; like the other pronouns you have already learned they have different forms for gender (m/f/n), singular or plural. These are 'demonstrative' pronouns rather than personal, or possessive, pronouns, which were explained in previous units. The most important demonstrative pronouns are:
au"toc;, cro't'ft, cro'to rKdvoc;, rKdVTJ, rKdvo Toaoc;, 'tOat'J, "toao TE'tmoc;, 'tE'tma, 'tE'tOLO
this that so, so much, so big, so many such (a), of such a kind
Here are some examples from this or previous units: Aunx Ta 6EvTpa
AUTO.w 1 CJT£VOXWPIEJ.i01 9a OT£VOXWPI19W 1 1 Tl1>.£(j)WVW 9a Tfl>.£(j)WVr'JOW
ea nat:1 ea J3yCV.£1 9a OT£VaXWPfl9£i 9a Tl1>.£(j)WVr'J0£1
1
(txw> na£1 (txw> J3yCV.£1 (EXW) OT£VOXWPI19£i (EXW) ~aaiaEt r'\AlO
napaxpovou nap61JOIOC: KoiTa ~pt~Et
Insight Exercise 7 had a list of the Greek public holidays. Can you make a similar list with most of the British public holidays for a friend of yours in Greece? Are there any common public holidays on both lists? Compare your findings with your circle of friends. Needless to say, we hope that your lists are in Greek?
A little extra! The weather
Look at the following weather information, and answer the true or false questions.
204
KAIPO:E
0EPMOKPAl:IEr Aefrva 0€0'/VliCT) natpa Aaplaa Iroavvwa HpaKAaO El;rotEj)lKOU !;~ AruKroaia AovSlvo napim Pci>lln
35
32 32 TI~
35
34 35
32 32 39 25 29 36
~ AI8PIOI: ~ I:YNNE~IA
cival,..Kal 1too
6
AI:TATOI:
~ ""tftl
BPOXH
~ 0.....
KATAif14A
XIONI
9AAAD:A VJ.ci 6E 6U1Jcli.Jal. OutE Kl EIJEic; To Elxai.JE ~avaKollaEI. A"Mci 6Tav yvwploai.JE TOV navay~ 6).o v•'auT6 I.Jac; fJ().OUOE. Mac; O..EVE 6TI EIVOI tvac; napa6oolaK6c; OIKIOfJ6c; nou clVTE~E TOUclyOIJE n~l \116p1! T1 Xfc; f3pE na16lf,IOU; T6ao KaA6; nou va aac; XttJE .••
ooooouo•••••••••ouooooooooooooooouoooooooooooouoooouoooooooo . . oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
we had gone £iXGIJf: ncif:l Resurrection (f) Avcicnaa., 11 nou KGVCil'f: Avcicnaa.,; Where did you celebrate Easter? (lit. .,.ac; t:ixt: KaAtat:~ 11 Mt:yciAI'I (E)P6otJci6a OKOUCJTQ 1'0 txw TO t:iXGIJf: (avaKOUOf:l yvwpiaatJt: napa6oaaaK6c;/-l\/-6 0 OIKIOIJO( nou civn(t: o Of:IOIJO( ftpt:!Joc;/-1'1/-o J'l(WI\ TO YIWT/1'1 8aAGIJI'IVOC: TO K01'(1')t:p0 TO ICJTIOcpOpO «P'liJIOtJtvoc;/-1'1/-o onwa6flnon 11 'IJapoTaptpva cpciyan; 611Aa61\ Eixav 1\611 PciAt:~ 1\61'1 ToapvciKI apvciKa cno cpoupvo TO KGTOIKGKI KGTOIKGKI CJTI'I aoupAa Tl At:c; PPt: naa6i IJOU;
where did you spend (do) Resurrection?) he had invited us Holy Week I've heard about it we had heard it before we met traditional settlement (m) that withstood, survived earthquake (m) tranquil life (f) yacht(n) cutter (n) sailing boat (n) famous definitely fish taverna (f) did you eat? in other words they had already prepared (put) already lamb (n) lamb in the stove (oven) kid, young goat (n) kid on the spit what are you telling me, my dear? {lit. what are you saying, my child?)
Unit 14
Where did you go for Easter7
209
TOGOKaAO; nou va aac; Ail!£
so good? where (how) can we start? What can we tell you?
2 Anastasia, have you had your name day?
-4•
CD 2, TR 7, 02:13
Tim and Mary have just realized that it was their friend Anastasia's name day a few days earlier. ~··iVi~~···············n~:;:;~·a~i·~~~i·;:~·t:tx~~~i·A~~~~i~:·~;6;;~~
Ill:
u
s
a
213
11 xwpa npav va tp8ou1.1£ KI6Aac; napanavw Kaa6n ntaa1.1£ t(wl
I.IGKGpl va £iXG Kl £VW TI'IV i6aa £VTUJIWGI'I I1£VTUnWGI'I
country (f) before coming (lit. before we (to) come) already more than and we didn't miscalculate!, and we guessed right! (lit. and we didn't fall outside!) I wish I had the same impression impression (f)
Insight The following section is proof of the ever existing difficulties in translating not actual words but cultural ideas. You will often be confronted with words and expressions where translations and explanations have their shortcomings. As a rule of thumb, learn them by heart and make sure that you remember the appropriate word and/or expression when you next attend a birthday party or a wedding. If you fear you might have a 'Greek' black out, then a flash card can easily be hidden in one of your pockets! Take this opportunity and impress some people!
Language notes Easter in Greece
Greek Orthodox Easter is probably the most important religious holiday in Greece; it usually falls one or two weeks after Western Easter. The week before Easter Sunday (KupLaKi) TOU Oaaxa), you'll notice Athens getting emptier and emptier, and by Good Friday (M£YaA11 OapaaKrofj) approximately four million people have left the city for the villages (xwpLa) they come from. Around this time the Greeks use lots of expressions of good wishes: XpovLa nolla
214
Many happy returns!
This is an expression used on occasions such as name days, birthdays, religious holidays. The best response is rn(OTJc;! likewise or XpovLa (ooufaac;) n:olla Many happy returns (to you) too! KaAO Daaxa! Happy Easter! This is a wish used usually before Easter Sunday particularly when people are leaving for the break and they probably won't see each other again until after Easter. XpUJ'TO«; AVEC1Tl]! Christ has risen! This is used on Easter Sunday and the few days following. The best response is probably the same XpLo'Toc; Av£C1Tl]! and sometimes Al:q8wc; Av£C1Tl]! Truly he was resurrected or Al:q8wc; o KupLoc;! Truly it was the Lord! H M£YaATJ (E)~cSo1-uxcSa Holy Week starts on MqcUTJ 4t:udpa (Good Monday) and lasts until MqcUo l:appa'To (Easter Saturday) and Easter Sunday. The day after Easter Sunday is 4£U'TEpa 'TOU naaxa (Easter Monday.) H AvaCI'TaOTJ can actually refer to the Easter mass or service or to the resurrection itself.
Many Greek cities and towns have local traditions varying from Dt:pvct»opa 'TOU Em'Tacp(ou (Epitaph's Procession) on Good Friday
to cooking lamb, or cracking red-dyed eggs on Easter Sunday. This is a very special time of the year, rich in cultural heritage so if you have the opportunity to visit Greece at Easter don't miss it! Kavwfm:pvw TTJV Avacrta<JT)...
I celebrate/! spend (the days of) Easter ...
Congratulations and other Greek wishes Na xa(pt:aaL 'TTJ yuva(Ka CIOU/'TOV clv'Tpa CIOU/'TO n:aL6( aou!
Congratulations to your wife/ husband/child!
This is used when you address the husband or wife upon the birthday or name day of his wife/her husband/their child. A frequent reply is: KL t:adc; o,n t:m8Uil£L'TE! Na ~f)at:Lc;!
May your wish(es) come true! May you live long! (you-singular)
An idiom addressed to the person who celebrates a name day or birthday.
Unit 14
Where did you go for Easter?
215
Na ~l]a£n! Na aac; ~l]a£L!
May you live long! (you-plural) May he/she live long!
An idiom addressed to the parents of a newly-born baby. Euxapurtw or £UX«PL(J"[OUP£ are two possible answers to the last three expressions. Translating 'again'
Eava and n:ciAL both mean 'again'. Eava appears as a prefix to many verbs, as you have seen in previous units, such as: ~avaJlAi:n:w ~avaKOUW ~ava-rpww
I see again I listen/hear again I eat again I go again
~avamJyatvw
DciAL cannot be used as a prefix although it could be used with the
above verbs as a second word: I see again I listen/hear again I eat again I go again
JlAi:n:w n:ciAL aKOUW 1tclAL -rpww n:ciAL 1t11Y«LVW n:ciAL
Instead of mlA.t you could have used the word examples e.g. p.Atn:w ~ava I see again.
~ava
in the last four
Eava also has another meaning with certain verbs: .1Ev TO dxallE ~avaKoua£L.
We hadn't heard about it before.
Idiomatic uses of the verb 'to say'
The verb Aiw or }J;yw has many idiomatic uses. The sentence above is one example, and the list below contains others that are frequently used: D£c; !lOU KQTL. D£c; Kan. Atw llLa tan aK6jla, 6Tav ~pee o fLwpyoc;. M6A.Lc; BEKa A.ema t~w an6 Ta fuxvveva. Lle etAw ma Kaq>E. Lle jlltOpW mal AK6jla jlaea(vw EllT]VLKa. M6A.Lc; dxa q>an, ~pee o fLwpyoc; OTO OltlTl.
220
Since they had already put a lamb in the oven ... Panagis had already spoken/ talked to ... I hadn't eaten yet when Giorgios came. Just ten minutes outside Yannena. I don't want coffee any more. I can't take it any longer! I am still learning Greek. I had just finished eating (lit. eaten), (when) Giorgios came home.
3 Adverbs
Words such as aKOJla, ma, KLolac;, mUL, ~ava and JlOALc; are adverbs. Adverbs can be divided into four groups according to their rneaning: c of manner d of quantity
a place or direction b of time
You have already learned many adverbs in the previous units. Here is a list of the most important in each group. Remember that most adverbs have one form. Study the list below and refer back to it whenever you need to. Place and direction
Time
Manner
Quantity
rrou; where? rrou9Eva nowhere EOW here EKEL there mavw up, above KaTw down, under llECJa in, inside
n6n; when? T6TE then Twpa now noTE never
mil~;
rr6ao; how much? T6ao so, so much
t~w
aK61!a(T)) still, yet
out, outside llETa~u between y{Jpw (a)round KOVTa near llaKpta far
alltaw~
at once
ltaAL again ~ava
again
Kt6ft.a~
already already ma already 1!6At~ ;ust ~OT)
how? otherwise ET<JL so, like lla~[ together, with 6nw~ as, like aav as, like atya slowly 116vo only wpa(a{ine Eltl<JT)~ too, also KUp(w~ mainly t8iw~ especially aMtw~
6ao as much as I!OV6 single noft.u much, very ltLO more ).[yo some, little apKETa enough <JXE86v almost TOUAQXL<JTO(V)
at least Ka96ft.ou not at all nEp[nou about
Insight We hope that you are happy and impressed with your progress so far and that you definitely want to go back and revise. That was the reason we suggested from the very beginning to put some colour in your book by underlining or highlighting certain things page after page. This will help you retrace your steps and flag the sections you have not tackled fully the first time around. Do not despair if you forget; this is very natural and is common to most of us. Continue your efforts and get to the last unit soon!
Unit,.. Where did J'OU go for bst«7
221
Practice 1
Respond to the following situations in Greek. a You want to ask someone 'How do you say that in Greek?'
b You want to find out if someone has had his/her name day. c What are the expressions used when congratulating someone for his wife/her husband/their child's name day? d What will your answers be when you hear: Na ~~CJEL~! Na ~~crEn:! Na cra~ ~~crn! e Xp6vLa noMa is a very common expression. How will you reply? f You want to find out two specific details: Ask 'Where did you go?' and 'What did you do?' g Ask 'Where else did you go?', 'What else did you do?'
:z. Match each question with the most appropriate answer.
a noLO~ cra~ ELXE KaAECJEL; b To dxaTE ~avaKO\JCJEL; c fL6pm~E~, ETCJL OEV dvaL; d fLaT( ~cracrTav T6cro KoupacrllEVOL; e nou aAAOU ~yaTE; 'OxL, ~Tav TJ npwTTJ q>opa. ii ftaT( OEv dxallE KOLI1TJ8EL Ka86A.ou. iii nou8Eva, YLaTL OEV ELXUilE aUTOKLVTJTO. iv 0 q>LA.o~ 11a~ o nava~~· v Nm EX8E~. 'HTav m yEv£8A.La 110u. 3 Rearrange these lines to make up a dialogue. -4~
CD :z., TR 7, o6:37 a 'EA.a nE~ 11a~. TL KavaTE;
b c d e
KL aK611a KaAUTEpa. 'Hmv T6cro EVOLaq>£pov. rvwp(crallE TTJ ~paOLV~ ~w~ TTJ~ P6oou. nEpacraTE wpa(a Tl~ OLaKOTTE~; E(vaL npay11an 6nw~ A.EvE; f nou va cra~ A.Ew; g nE~ lla~, TTE~ llU~. Ma~ ECJKUCJE~!
222
4 complete the dialogue using the information in italics.
~··A~·~~~p~(·····6~~-~~~-tx~~:;;~·;~~6~~-~~-~~i~~-;~~·Ci);~~6p-&;:·······················1 a It's in the most northern point of Cephalonia. 1 ~ ~l'l~rlTPilc; Aa! Twpa KOT0AaJ3a. Kat n~ ntpaoaTE; 1 ~ y0 u b We had a good time. We stopped there for a whole weekend. 1 ~ All~rlTPil( KavaTE tlnota; Ei&rrE tlnota; 1 : You c There was a fair and we had the chance [EuKatpfa] to see 1 local dances and hear traditional folk music. 1 ~ ~l'l~rlTPI)c; 0a tnpEnE va 1\tav wpaia! ' You d Yes, it was very exciting. Especially for a foreigner. ~ ~l'l~rlTPI)( flll~061\, 9a (avan6TE EKEi av tXETE 6M11 EUKatpia; You e Definitely, yes. I /ike whatever is nice and I wouldn't mind seeing it again. ~ ~ll~fiTpl)c; K~l\ TUX'l t6tE! ~ y0 u
:
..................................................................................................................................:
5
Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
a KOTEpo b YLWT c KOTIETilVLOpta A.al~
j.loum~
8T]j.10Tl~ j.!OUO"l~
VT]O"LWTLKa Tpayou8La ~ VT]OLWTLKT] j.!OUO"l~ pEj.!TIETLKa
popular music light popular music regional, folklore music island songs or island music rebetica (many call it 'the Greek blues')
Different kinds of music have, in turn, created different dances. Some of the most popular are: KaAaj.lanav6, ~Ej.lTIEKLKO, aupTaKL, aupT6, aouoTa and TO"Lq>TETEAL. Recently a form of 'table dancing' has developed - it is a unique experience for both tourists and locals.
228
rest yourself 1
Can you remember the Greek for the following ten important words from this unit? Try to write your answers in Greek script. ii iii iv
v 2
this year friend/s life sailing boat/s fish
vi vii viii ix X
teacher/s island/s musiC of course museum/s
Can you remember the following ten important phrases from this unit? Where did you go for Easter last year? ii We had heard it before. iii We ate a lot of fish. iv Did you have your
name day? v Many happy returns!
vi vii viii ix X
May you live long! May your wish come true! He has already spoken to some friends. You have not told us yet ... It was very interesting.
3 The phrases below are given in the present tense. Change them
into the past tense, using either transliteration or Greek script. [pupate]? nou mhe; ii [ine sinarpastik6]? E(vm mJvapnaanK6; iii [eho tin endiposi] 'Exw tllV evnmwOTJ. iv [to vazo pefti] To j3a~o ltETTJVOTEP11 ~ aKpLBoTEP11 arr6 TTJV Tinl<JTJ yLa TO Edinburg;
c OOLa dvm 11 mo aKpLB6TEP11 rr-nl<JTJ crTTJv Eupwrr11; d Ta EL<JTJnlPLU Eivm JlOVO va rrw; ~ JlE EmcrTpo.anpavllatl b _ _ ; I~ Na1 £(Vat. "EXEI t6aa noMa va c - - 'EXEI tllV naAu] n6A'1, ~ to MavtpaKI, to Evu6pelo, to Mouoelo, apxa•o>.oyiKouc:; ~ xwpou~ t'lV AKp6nOA'1 01"'1 f\lvoo . . . K1 an6j3pa61vr\ d _ _ ; l EK£1 OEV txEI va ('lAtiJI£1 tinota an6 t'lV j3paOIVI\ d _ _ onOiaoor'Jnot£ ~'lc; e _ _ n6A'lc;. f __ . -. , va1T KAalln,~ j j.lnOUclt, j.lnUpapiE~ j.lnOp, £atiOt6piO ... navtOU g _ _ , ~ navtOU KOOj.IOOUppor'J. '); ~ Kal nwc; naEI KQV£1c; £Kd; h --·ME to aeponMvo oe 45 AEnta KOIIlE to i _ _ o,~ 14 wp£c;. AXAa to j - - EninEOO £iv01 an6 ta mo OKpl~O ~1\i: o'6).'1 t'lv lliaoa. Elva• aKp1l36 va nac; EK£1, va llEiV£1c:; EKEi, J·j va k _ _ EK£1. AXA6 elva• wpala. ~ Mr'Jnwc; ' - - tvac; xp6voc; va ll'lV dvOI apKET6c; Ot'lV : EMMa! nprnEI m - - va ('ltr\OOUj.IE clAAOV tva xp6vo napOpdo [me to leoforio], iii LTO <pavapt [sto fanari], iv ELvat KaA~ yullvamtld]! [ine kali ghimnastiki!], v l:Tphjne cSe~ta/aptaTEpa [stripste THeksia/aristera], Vi ME O"UYXWPELTE [me sinhorite], vii nou ELVaL TO/TJ/0 [pu ine o/i/to], Viii ~lev aVTEXW TTJV ~EO"TT]! [THen andeho tin zesti!], ix ELilaO"TE TIOAU KoupaallEVOL [imaste poli kurazmeni], x Kavet rroM ~EcrTTJ! [kani poli zesti!] 3 i 'EA.a ecSw! [ela eTH6!], ii Mdve EKEL! [mine eki!], iii ETpL4JE aptaTEpa! [stripse aristera!], iv n~ymve w8£la! [pighene efthia!] v EuvtxtaE Lata! [sinechise isia!]
Key to the exercises
2 41
Unit7 a YmxpxEL TTnlCTTJ Ka8E j.lEpa; b D6CTTJ wpa KaVEtT] TTnlCTTJ; c 06cro KavEL T] TTnlCTTJi d E(vat 116vo rr~yatvE ~ j.lET'mtcrTpoq>~c;; e Mnop9TJv6upo! 2 TEST 1: KOKKLvo, nopToKaA(, npaoLVo· TEST 2: aonpo, KOKKLVO, po~t; TEST 3: (probably optional!)' KLTpLvo, Kaq>t, jlnAE, KOKKLvo; TEST 4: KOKKLvo, nopTOKaA(, KLTpLVo, npaOLVO, yaAa~LO, jlnAt, jlW~. TEST 5: jlaupo, aonpo 3 a ea ~9EAa tva KLA6 nopTOKaALa KaL cSUo KLAa ll~Aa. b E(vaL v6on11a Ta Kapnou~La; c .1woTE 110u tva llLKp6, 6xL mo noM an6 ntvTE KLAa. d AuTa yLa TTJV wpa. n6oo Kavouv; e OpLOTE!, .1tKa EUpw f EuxapLoTw, fELa oaajlE, b EAATJv(cSa, c (c5Lo, d nap6jloLO, e navTiAO [ton fflo]
01 q>iAOI [i fili] Twv cpiXwv [ton fflon] Touc; cpiXouc; [tus filus]
Feminine nouns
(nom) (gen) (ace)
Singular
Plural
11 Kou~iva [i kuzfna]
ot Kou~ivEc; [i kuzfnes] TWV KOU~IVWV (ton kuzin6n] nc; Kou~fvEc; [tis kuzfnes]
TI'J9civw 6nwc;jaav A9l]va (f) Auyou<JTo«; (m) Au<JTpaA.[a (f) q>9Lv6nwpo (n)
availability baby baby boy baby girl balcony/porch banana bank basement basketball bass (fish) bathroom, bathtub bathroom, toilet be be able be glad be happy be interested be pleased beach bean beautiful, nice bed bedroom bedroom beef beefsteak beer behind beige bell between beverage, drink big, large bill black block/square blue blues (music) boat book
[THiathesim6tita] [mor6] [bebis] [beba] [balk6ni] [banana] [trapeza] [ip6ghion] [basket] [lavraki] [banio] [tualeta] [!me] [bor6] [herome] [herome] [enTHiaferome] [herome] [plaz][paraHa] [fas6li] [oreos/ -a/ -0] [krevati] [krevatokamara] [ipnoTHomatio] [mosharlsios/ -a/ -o] [biftekiJ [blra] [plso] [bez] [kuTHuni] [metaksl] [pot6] [meghalos/ -i/-o] [loghariazm6s] [mavros/ -i/-o] [tetraghono] [ble] [bluz] [varka] [vivHo]
£pOJ.laL xa(pOJ.laL rrA.a~ rrapaA.(a (f) cpao6A.L (n) wpa(o«;/ -a/ -o KpE~an
(n)
KpE~aTOKUJ.lapa (f)
urrvo6wJ.laTLo (n) J.looxap(Olo«;/ -a/ -o q>LAETO ~o6Lv6 (n) J.lrrUpa (f) ltlO'W J.lltE~
KOU60UVL (n) J.lETa~u
rroT6 (n) J.l£YaAOI)/ -TJ/ -o A.oyapLaO"J.l6«; (m) J.laupo«;/ -TJ/ -o TETpaywvo (n) J.lltAE J.lltAOU~ (n) ~apKa (f) ~L~A.(o (n)
English-Greek glossary
2 79
bookshop booklet bottle bottled (mineral) water bouzouki (instrument) boy bravo bread breakfast bridge brother brown bus bus station
[vivliopolio] [filaTHio] [bukali] [emfialomeno nero] [buzuki] [agh6ri] [bravo] [psomi] [proin6] [ghefira] [aTHelf6s] [kafe] [leoforio] [stathm6s leoforion]
bus stop
[stasi leoforion]
busy but but butter
[a pasholimenos/ -if -o] [ala] [rna] [vutiro]
cafe can can/tin car car park card carrot cash desk celery central centre century cereal chair changing room cheap check
[kafeteria] [bor6] [kuti] [aftokinito] [parkin] [karta] [kar6to] [tamio] [selino] [kendrik6s/ -i/ -6] [kendro] [e6nas] [THimitriaka] [karekla] [THokimastirio] [fthin6s/ -i/ -6] [eksetazo]
280
~L~ALOllWAELO (n) cpUAAac5Lo (n) l!llOUKaAL (n) EllcpLLXAw~o vEp6 (n) l!llOU~OUKL (n) ay6pL (n)
l!llpa~o
\jiWI!L (n) npwLV6 (n) y£cpupa (f) acS£Acp61) (m) Kacp£ AEwcpopdo (n) crra81!61) AEwcpopdwv (m) CTrclaTJ AEwcpopdwv (f) ana(J)(OATJ !!EVOI)/ -TJ/ -o
aMa I!a
~ourupo(n)
KacpETEpla (f) l!llOpw KOUTL (n) aUTOKLVTJTO (n) llclpKLV (n) KclpTa (f) Kap6-ro(n) Tai!ELO (n) O"EALVO (n) KEVTpLK61)/ -~/ -6 KEVTpo (n) aLwval) (m) cSTJI!TJTPLaKa (n/pl) Kap£KAa (f) cSoKLI!a~pLo (n) cp8T)V61)/ -~/ -6 E~ETQ~W
checked cheque child church cigarette cinema close to closed closet/wardrobe coca cola coffee coffee house coffee (medium sweet) coffee (sweet) coffee (without sugar) comedy company computer conservatory contrast, antithesis cook cooked foods corner counter courgette, zucchini cousin cousin credit card creme caramel croissant cucumber cup currency customs cutlet
[kar6] [epitaghi] [peTHij [eklisia] [tsigharo] [sinema] [konda] [klist6sl -if -6] [dulapa] [k6ka kola] [kafes] [kafenio] [metrios] [ghlik6s] [sketos] [komoTHia] [eteria] [kompiuter] [tzamaria] [antithesi] [maghirevo] [maghirefta] [ghonia] [pangos] [kolokithaki] [(e)ksaTHelfi] [(e)ksaTHelfos] [pistotiki karta] [krem karamele] [kruasan] [anguri] [flitzani] [n6mizma] [telonio] [briz6la]
Kapw (m/f/n) £ltlT<XYll (f) naL6i (n) £KKATJO"La (f) TO"Lyapo (n) O"LV£11a (n) KOVTQ KA£Lar6r;/ -~/ -6 VTOUAaTta (f) K6Ka K6A.a (f) Kaq>tr; (m) Kaq>t:vdo (n) llETpLO(, (m) yA.uK6r:, (m) OKETO(, (m) KW!!W6(a (f) £TaLp£ia (f) KO!!ltlOUT£p (n) T~allap(a (f) avr(9£0"T] (f) 11ayt:Lpruw llayt:Lprura (n/pl) ywv(a (f) TtQyKO(, (m) KOAOKU9tXKL (n) (£)~a6tAq>TJ (f) (t:)~a6£Aq>or; (m) marwn~ Kapra (f) KP£11 Kapa11£At (n) Kpouaaav (n) ayyoupL (n) q>AUT~QVL (n) VOI!LO"Ila (n) nA.wvdo (n) 111tPL~6A.a (f)
dance(verb,noun) dark date daughter
[horevo] [hor6s] [skuros/ -a/ -o] [imerominia] [k6ri]
xopt:uw, xop6r; (m) O"KOUpor:,/ -a/ -0 TJI1£POI1TJV(a (f) KOPTJ (f)
English-Greek glossary
2 81
(TJ)~tpa
day December deposit, down payment dessert dialogue difficult dill dining room dinner disagree discotheque dislike doctor door dorado or gilthead double room down dress dress myself drink
[(i)mera] [THekemvrios] [prokatavoli] [ghlik6] [THialoghos] [THiskolos/ -if -o] [anithos] [trapezaria] [vraTHin6] [THiafon6] [THiskothiki] [antipath6] [yatr6s] [porta] [tsipura] [THiklino] [kato] [f6rema] [dinome] [pino]
~pa6Lv6 (n) &acpwvw 6LcrKo8iJKTJ (f) avnnaew yLaTp6c; (m/f) n6pm (f) Tcrmoupa (f) 6(KALVO (n) KQTW cp6pE~a (n) VT\Jvo11aL n(vw
early easy eat eight eight hundred
[noris] [efkolos/ -if -o] [tr6-o] [okt6 ]/[oht6] [oktak6sia ]/ [ohtak6sia] [THekaokt6] [oghTH6nda] [endeka] [anglia] [anglika] [isoTHos] [fakelos] [evr6] [vraTHi] [pote] [kathe] [6la] [pandu]
vwp(c; ruKoAoc;/ -TJ/ -o Tpww OKTW/OXTW OKTaK6crLaj OXTaK6aLa 6EKaOKTW oyMVTa MEKa AyyA(a (f) ayyALKa (n/pl) dcro6oc; (f) q>aKEAOC) (m) rupw ~pa6u (n) TtOTE Ka8E 6Aa TtaVTOU
eighteen eighty eleven England English (language) entrance envelope euro evening ever every everything/all everywhere
282
(f)
.1EKE~~pLOC)
(m) (f) yAuK6, EmMpmo (n) 6u1A.oyoc; (m) McrKoAoc;/ -TJ/ -o QVL8oc; (m) npoKam~oAi)
TpanE~ap(a
[akriv6s] exactly [sighn6mi] excuse me excuse me/pardon me [me sinhorite]
aKpl~W~
cruyvWIJ.TJ IJ.E LAIJ. (n) TEALKa TEAELWVW rrpwTo«;/ -TJ/ -o .papL (n) .papoTa~£pva (f) 1TME rrEVTaK6ma c'iLaiJ.EpLOIJ.a (n)
[poTH6sfero] [ya] [pinini] [THekapenthimero] [saranda] [teseris/ -is/ -a] [tetrak6sia] [THekateseris/ -is/ -a] [tetartos/ -if -o] [ghalia] [eleftheros/ -if -o]
rroMoq>aLpo (n) yLa mpouvL (n) c'iEKa1TEV9Jl1J.EpO (n) oapaVTa TEooEpL«;/ -L«;/ -a TETpaK60"La c'iEKaTEOOpll)/ -LI)/ -a TtTapTo«;/ -TJ/ -o fall(a (f) EA.EU9epo«;/ -TJ/ -o
fourth France free
rrnlOTJ (f) 6poq>o«; (m) L1TTUIJ.EVO (n)
English-Greek glossary
283
French (language) friend from front fruit fruit and vegetable market
[ghalika] [fflos] [ffli] [ap6] [brosta] [fruto] [laiki aghora]
faAALKa (n/pl) (a (f) VTJO"LWTLKa (n/pl) auT6 ITaALKa (n/pl) ITaA.(a (f)
English-Greek glossary
285
its January jazz music job/work juice July June
[tu] [ianuarios] [tzaz] [THulia] [chimos] [iulios] [iunios]
kilo kiosk kitchen knife know
[kilo] [periptero] [kuzina] [maheri] [ksero]
KLA.6 (n) ltEphtTEpO (n) KOU~(va (f) ~taxa(pL (n)
lamb late later /awn/grass learn leave left lemonade letter lettuce lift/elevator light (colour), open light light bulb (1) like like (as if) likely, probable likely, probably little live living room London love lucky luggage lunch
[arnaki] [argha] [arghotera] [ghrasiTHi] [matheno] [fevgho] [aristera] [lemonaTHa] [ghrama] [maruli] [asanser] [aniktos/-i/ -6] [fos] [ghlombos] [maresi] [san]/[opos] [pithanos/ -i/ -6] [pithanos] [lighos/-i/ -o] [meno] [saloni] [lonTHino] [aghapi] [tiheros/ -i/ -6] [aposkevi] [mesimeriano]
apvaKL (n) apya apy6npa ypao(6L (n)
286
TOU IavouapLo~
(m)
T~a~ (f)
6ouAt:La (f) xu~t6~ (m) louA.Lo~ louvw~
(m) (m)
~tpw
~ta9a(vw
<pruyw apLOTEpa At:~tova6a (f) ypa1111a (n) 11apouA.L (n) aoavotp (n) avOLKT6~/ ptra waffle (chocolate) (f) yLa'tp6c;
yLop'ta~w
yKp(~oc;
/-a f-o grey
yKpLVLa~w
I complain, I moan yKpOUil porter (m) yA.uK6 sweet (n), cake yA.waaa language (f) yvwa't6c; /·iJ /-6 acquaintance, known ypapa'ta tie (f) ypa1111a't6mwo stamp (n) ypa1111iJ line (f) ypaq>do office (n) ypaq>w I write ypiJyopa fast yphrrrTJ influenza (f) VUilVaa'tLKTJ exercise (f) (gymnastics) yuva(Ka woman (f) y\Jpoc; gyros (m) y\Jpw round ywv(a corner (f) cSciaKaA.oc; teacher (m) 6£Lxvw I show ~EKillPPLoc;/~EKEilPPTJc; December (m) 6Ev'tpo tree (n) 6E~Lcl
right Monday (f) 6£xo11aL I accept
~ru'ttpa
300
6TJA.a6iJ in other words, that is to say 6TJATJ'tTJpLaOTJ poisoning (f) 6LaPan\pLo passport (n) 6LaKontc; vacation 6Lci6po11oc; corridor (m) 6LaVUK'tEpEUOTJ (staying) overnight (f) 6Lappma diarrhoea (f) 6LaaKEcSci~w I entertain (reflexive) 6Lru9uVOTJ address (f) 6LKLO right (n) 6(KA.Lvo double room (n) 6(vw I give 6mA6c; /·iJ /-6 double 6LaKo9iJKTJ disco, discotheque (f) 6(aKoc; record (m) 660TJ installment (f) 6ouAELa work, job, employment (f) 6ouA.E\Jw I work 6polloA.6yLO timetable (n) 6p611oc; street (m) 6poaEp6c; /·iJ /-6 cool 6uawxwc; unfortunately, I am sorry but ... 6unK6c; /·iJ j-6 western 6w11ano room (n) 6wpEav free 6wpo present (n) £YKEq>aALK6c; /·TJ
/·6 of the brain cerebral (adj.) EYW I E6w here E9VLK6c; /·iJ f-6 national
ELLK6c; /-~ /6 food -rpoxaSTJv running (n) -rpox6c; wheel (m) -rpww I eat -roaL tea (n) mma bag (f) -ro(KA.a chewing gum (f) rup( cheese (n) -rwpa now
un:illTJA.oc; un:o5o~c; receptionist (m, f) un:apXEL there is uyda health (f) uypaa(a humidity (f) un:t:paO"LLK6c; /-~ /-6
distance un:t:pK6TtWO"TJ
cpa(vollaL /look cpaKEA.oc; envelope (m) cpavapL traffic lights (n) cpav-raO"LLK6! fantastic! cpap5uc; /-La /-U wide cpapllaKE(o chemist's (n) cpapllaKo medicine (n) cpapllaKon:oL6c; chemist (m, f) LALK6upoc; /-TJ f-o
friendlier cpopaw( -w) I wear cp6pt:lla dress (n) cpouayL£ foyer (n) cpouO"La skirt (f) c~»nA
officer, clerk, employee (m, f)
un:illTJA.oc;
310
over-
exhaustion (f) un:tpoxoc; /-TJ f-o excellent un:6yt:LO cellar (n) un:6A.omoc; /-TJ f-o rest UO"Lt:pa later on, after, afterwards u\jtTJA6c; /-~ /-6 high
VAT
cppaouA.a strawberry (f) cppou-ro fruit (n)
q>puyavux rusk (f) q>TTJV6() /-i) /-6 cheap q>uA.aoo6jlEVO() /-TJ f-o
guarded q>UOLKa of course, naturally, physically q>wva~w I call q>WTOypaq>LKTJ llTJxaviJ camera (f) xa(pETE hello (formal) XaLpETLOjlaTa greetings,
regards I am glad xaM~L hail (n) xapTOq>UAaKa() briefcase (m) xaA.aojlEVO() /-TJ f-o out of order X
