State Profiles: The Population and Economy of Each U.S. State 3rd Edition

STATE PROFILES THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE 7 6 5 4 3 2

THIRD EDITION 2006 EDITED

BY

DIANE WERNEKE

AND

KATHERINE A. DEBRANDT

™

State Profiles

The Population and Economy of Each U.S. State Third Edition, 2006

State Profiles

The Population and Economy of Each U.S. State Third Edition, 2006 Editors

Diane Werneke Katherine A. DeBrandt

Lanham, MD

© 2006 Bernan Press, an imprint of Bernan Associates, a division of the Kraus Organization Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Bernan does not claim copyright in U.S. government information. ISBN: 1-59888-011-X ISSN: 1524-3958 Printed by United Book Press, Inc., Baltimore, MD, on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards Institute Z39-48 standard. 2007 2006 BERNAN PRESS 4611-F Assembly Drive Lanham, MD 20706 800-274-4447 email: [email protected] www.bernanpress.com

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CONTENTS List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Using this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 District of Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549

v

LIST OF TABLES UNITED STATES SECTION Table 1. Immigrants Admitted by Region and Country of Birth, 2004 Table 2. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 3. Population and Components of Population Change, 2000–2004 Table 4. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 6. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 Table 7. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 Table 8. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 Table 9. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 Table 10. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 Table 11. Employment Status, 1980–2004 Table 12. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 Table 13. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 Table 14. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 Table 15. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 Table 16. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 Table 17. Energy Production and Consumption, Selected Years 1975—2004 Table 18. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 Table 19. State Government Finances, 2003 Table 20. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 Table 21. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004

STATE SECTIONS The following tables are included for each state. Select tables are included for the District of Columbia. Table 1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 Table 4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 Table 5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 Table 6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 Table 7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 Table 8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Table 9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 Table 10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 Table 11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 Table 12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 Table 13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 Table 14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 Table 15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 Table 16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 Table 17. State Government Finances, 2003 Table 18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 Table 19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004

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PREFACE home prices—major factors in the location decisions of businesses and individuals. Due to the build-up in government defense and homeland security activities, estimates of expenditures by state are included in the rankings section. For most of the subjects addressed in this edition, further data are generally available from the source government agencies. Locations of related information are listed in the notes and definitions at the end of this volume. Although the editors have taken care to present accurate data, all statistical data are subject to a degree of error, resulting from sampling variability, erroneous reporting, and other causes. Many of the data are subject to subsequent revision. The data in this book meet the publication standards of the federal agencies from which they were obtained. The responsibilities of the editors and publisher of this volume are limited to reasonable care in the reproduction and presentation of the data from the established sources.

Bernan Press is pleased to present the third edition of State Profiles, a publication that provides a state-bystate view of the United States, including population composition by age, sex, race, and ethnicity; educational attainment levels; employment; earnings data; and other important aspects of the economy. While giving an overall description of these characteristics for the nation as a whole, the publication’s primary focus is on the 50 states and the District of Columbia, each of which possesses considerable differences in economic structure and demographics and has experienced various changes over time. Changes at the national level, including the diminished importance of agriculture and manufacturing and the growing influence of global trade, have resulted in today’s information-based, service-providing economy. While national trends have laid the broad framework for change, each state has been affected differently. Cyclical fluctuations also affected states in various ways during the nationwide recessions in 1990–1991 and 2001 and the subsequent recovery periods. Both the recessions and the recoveries spread unevenly among regions and states. Migration patterns have also reflected these changes, as states have experienced different influxes of workers from within the country and new residents from abroad. Beyond the market forces, economic circumstances have been influenced by local and national government policies and expenditures on items such as education, health care, energy production and conservation, national defense, and homeland security. The information provided in State Profiles aims to illuminate these trends. As such, the analysis and statistics are of interest not only to researchers and policy analysts but also to businesses seeking a broad basis for investments and expansion or relocation plans. The volume also profiles recent voting patterns, which will be of interest to political scientists.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This edition has been edited by Diane Werneke, in association with Katherine A. DeBrandt. Diane Werneke was formerly an economist and senior congressional liaison at the Federal Reserve Board. She has also served on the House Budget Committee, the President’s Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics, and in the International Labor Office in Geneva, Switzerland, specializing in macroeconomic and labor market policy and analysis. She holds a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.A. from The George Washington University, both in economics. Katherine A. DeBrandt is the data analyst team leader with Bernan Press. She received her B.A. in political science from Colgate University. She is also the co-editor of The Who, What, and Where of America: Understanding the Census Results; The Almanac of American Education; and Social Change in America: The Historical Handbook, all published by Bernan Press. Bernan Press’s editorial and production departments, under the direction of Tamera L. Wells-Lee, did the copyediting, layout, and graphics preparation. Jo A. Wilson, the production team leader, capably managed the production aspects of this volume and prepared the graphics and cover design, with the assistance of Rebecca Zayas. Jo and Rebecca assisted the editor tremendously with finalizing this publication. Thanks also to Shana Hertz, who copyedited this edition. Finally, special thanks are due to the many federal agency personnel who assisted us in obtaining the data, provided excellent resources on their Web sites, and patiently answered our questions.

DATA SELECTION The third edition of State Profiles generally continues the broad selection of information from the two previous editions, which reported developments through 2000. Most of the data have been updated through 2004, as demographic estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau became available. Information has also been updated on employment, unemployment, earnings, income, and other economic data from various government sources. As in the past, space constraints have influenced the amount of data presented for each state. The editors have focused on selecting and highlighting the most meaningful and relevant data. Nonetheless, this third edition expands upon the available information to include more detailed data on the demographics of each state, including population changes due to migration and housing and ix

USING THIS BOOK housing are included. Median household income and poverty rates are also contained in this section.

STATE PROFILES 2006 PROVIDES: • An overview of the United States • Rankings of states for key demographic and economic indicators • A 10-page chapter on each state with tables and figures to summarize and illustrate demographic and economic characteristics • Notes and definitions to guide users through the sources for the information used in this volume

Labor market: This section presents various data that illustrate each state’s particular economic configuration. Employment status by detailed demographic groups, employment by industry using the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), average wages and salaries, and personal income by major source are included in this section.

THE U.S. OVERVIEW. The chapter on the United States provides commentary and data analysis of overall trends, against which the data for each state can be compared and contrasted. It also gives some of the primary data definitions necessary for understanding the interpretation of the information presented for each state. The national overview includes the latest available population and demographic estimates, as well as data on health, households, income, employment, earnings, exports, agriculture, energy, government finance, education, and voter participation.

Economic activity: Data on gross state product and government transfer payments to individuals, such as social security benefits, are detailed in this section. Exports: This section provides detailed information on each state’s leading exports and leading export markets. Agriculture: In this section, data are provided on the number of farms, acreage, and value of sales, as reported on the Department of Agriculture’s 2002 Census of Farms.

THE STATE RANKINGS. The ranking tables shown in the pages following the U.S. overview give state rankings by some 24 characteristics, including population, demographic and age composition, immigration, homeland security spending, employment, income, gross state product, housing prices, poverty, health indicators, education, and voter participation. These rankings provide the user with a quick analysis of the performance of each state in relation to the other states.

Energy: Information on energy consumption by sector, energy sources, total energy expenditures, and expenditures on a per capita basis are included in this section. The latest state-level data are from 2001. Government finance: This section provides data on revenues and expenditures by source. In addition, state taxes, as compared to the national average, are included. Education: Education indicators give information about a state’s current and future workforce. This section provides the user with details on educational attainment, elementary and secondary school enrollment, student/ teacher ratios, per student expenditures, and higher education enrollments.

THE STATE CHAPTERS. The state chapters are the focus of this book. Each chapter follows a standard format and contains text highlighting the key features shown in the tables and figures. Many of these tables and figures contain references to the U.S. averages for the same characteristics. The emphasis of the text varies from state to state, reflecting their diversity.

Voter participation: New to this edition of State Profiles are voter participation data. Information is given on voter registration and voter participation in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections, categorized by various demographic categories characteristics.

Each of the state chapters is organized as follows: Population: This section provides data on the state’s total population and average annual population growth in comparison with the national average. It also shows the major population groups by sex, age, race, and ethnicity.

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS. Each chapter relies on the same standard set of federal data sources. Since the basic data sources are common to all chapters, the main body of the volume contains few footnotes. All the basic data and their definitions and sources are identified in the notes and definition section at the end of the volume. It provides brief descriptions of methodologies, and data availabity, information on calculations made by the editors, and references to additional sources of information. The notes are organized by topic, paralleling the structure of the state chapters.

Health: This section provides information on leading health indicators, including the birth rate, infant mortality rate, age-adjusted death rates, and rate of health insurance coverage. Households, income, and poverty: Data on household types, size, units (whether owner- or renter-occupied), median gross rent, and median value of owner-occupied xi

UNITED STATES The period 2000–2004, which is the primary focus of this book, was characterized by the 2001 recession and the subsequent uneven recovery of employment and income. The economy reached a peak in early 2001, growing at a sustained rate of over 3 percent per year throughout the 1990s. This reflected a strong recovery from the 1990–1991 recession; however, the recovery from the 2001 recession did not move ahead on all fronts. Consumer expenditures and residential housing investment propelled gross domestic product (GDP) forward, accounting for nearly 90 percent of real (GDP) growth, while business investment—a major source of future job creation—was more subdued, as companies waited for evidence that the economic recovery was firmly underway. Imports increased dramatically as consumer spending was largely directed to purchases of goods from abroad. The federal government’s increased spending on homeland security, defense, and other policies and programs associated with the September 11 terrorist attacks, together with large tax cuts, resulted in large budget deficits that supported economic activity and employment in affected sectors. As a result of these patterns in overall activity, employment growth in the private sector was largely concentrated in areas connected with housing, such as construction, real estate, and mortgage financing and related financial services. According to The Economist, over 40 percent of job growth from 2001 to 2004 was in these housing-related sectors and in defenserelated industries. Manufacturing and other service industries have not reported such stellar results. As some parts of the national economy have fared better than others, differentials have also characterized states and regions, as defined by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The differing definitions of regions by the Census Bureau and the BEA can be found in the

notes and definitions at the end of this volume. In general, the Far West region (comprising Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington) exhibited the strongest growth during the 2000–2004 period, with Nevada showing the greatest growth rate (adjusted for inflation). The Rocky Mountain region (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming) and the Southwest region (Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) had the next-strongest economic growth. Real economic growth in the Great Lakes region (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin) was the slowest, as it has been for some years; Michigan experienced the most sluggish pace of growth in the group. State Profiles presents a look at each state that expands beyond economic characteristics. It provides a picture of each state’s demographic and social characteristics, as well as an overview of the general state of the economy in terms of state output (real gross state product), employment, unemployment, and income. Each state’s chapter also focuses on the changes in the population and its characteristics, housing and house prices, income and poverty status, agriculture (where appropriate), energy usage, government finance (including defense and homeland security expenditures), education, health, and citizen participation in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. The U.S. summary provides national totals and averages, against which the individual states’ data can be compared and summarized. In most cases, the chapters compare state data to national averages, and state-specific supplemental information is provided when relevant. The standard data tables for each state pertain to the 2000–2004 period, with some information from 1990 included to enable comparisons between decades. In cases where data for 2004 were incomplete or not available, the most recent information is reported.

POPULATION Table US-1. Immigrants Admitted by Region and Country of Birth, 2004

The U.S. population grew 4.3 percent between 2000 and 2004, at an average annual rate of about 1.1 percent. This rate was nearly identical to the growth rate from 1990 to 2000. Net international immigration accounted for over 40 percent of the growth from 2000 to 2004. Among the immigrants who arrived from 2000 to 2004, the largest number were born in Mexico, followed by India, the Philippines, and China. Within the major age groups, the 45- to 64-year-old age group grew faster than the population as a whole, and its proportion of the total population increased to just over 24 percent. Utah, Alaska, and Texas had the highest proportions of population under 18 years old; Florida had the largest share of residents 65 years old and over. However, Florida was an exception to the pattern of states with high proportions of older people having slow-growing or declining populations and higher rates of out-migration of young people. Such states include West Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Dakota, and Iowa, all of which had more than 14.5 percent of their populations age 65 years and over. A more

(Number, percent.) Region and country

1

Number of legal immigrants

Percent distribution

ALL COUNTRIES .......................................................

946 142

100.0

Region Europe ........................................................................ North America ............................................................. Caribbean ............................................................... Central America ...................................................... Asia ............................................................................. South America ............................................................ Africa ........................................................................... Oceania ....................................................................... Unknown .....................................................................

127 669 341 242 88 921 61 333 330 004 71 785 66 309 5 960 3 173

13.5 36.1 9.4 6.5 34.9 7.6 7.0 0.6 0.3

Leading Countries Mexico ......................................................................... India ............................................................................ Philippines ................................................................... China ........................................................................... Vietnam ....................................................................... Dominican Republic .................................................... El Salvador .................................................................. Cuba ........................................................................... South Korea ................................................................ Colombia .....................................................................

175 364 70 116 57 827 51 156 31 514 30 492 29 795 20 488 19 766 18 678

18.5 7.4 6.1 5.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.2 2.1 2.0

2

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table US-2. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ...................................................................

248 709 873

281 421 906

293 655 404

X

1.1

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

121 239 418 127 470 455

138 053 563 143 368 343

144 537 408 149 117 996

49.2 50.8

1.2 1.0

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

18 354 443 45 249 989 46 371 009 185 105 441 26 737 766 80 754 835 31 241 831 3 080 165

19 175 798 53 118 014 209 128 094 27 143 454 85 040 251 61 952 636 34 991 753 4 239 587

20 071 268 53 206 730 220 377 406 29 245 102 84 140 590 70 697 729 36 293 985 4 859 631

6.8 18.1 75.0 10.0 28.7 24.1 12.4 1.7

0.5 1.2 1.3 0.6 0.3 3.1 1.1 3.5

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.8

35.3

36.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

detailed breakdown of population age groupings reveals a decline in the proportion of children between the ages of 5 and 9 years, as well as a decline in the 25- to 44-yearold age group. The latter drop reflects the relatively low birth rates that occurred before the baby boomers began having families. At the other end of the age spectrum, those age 70 to 79 years declined slightly, reflecting the low birth rates of the 1930s. In future years, as the postWorld-War-II generation reaches the age of 65, the proportion of the population age 65 years and over is expected to increase rapidly, reaching nearly 20 percent by 2030, compared with 12 percent in 2004.

States varied widely in their rates of population growth, but states with the highest growth rates from 2000 to 2004 were generally those that had the largest population expansions over the previous decade: the Southwest and Rocky Mountain states, followed by the Southeastern states of Florida, Georgia, and North Carolina. Slow population growth continued to characterize states in the Midwest, the Plains, and the Gulf regions. Immigration, both international and internal, played a significant role in state population changes. California, the most populous state, was the largest recipient of immigrants from abroad, followed by New York, Texas, and Florida. The largest influxes of residents from other states went to Florida, Arizona, and Nevada—states known as destinations for retirees.

Fastest-Growing States, Percent Population Change, 2000–2004

ID 7.7% NV 16.8 %

UT 7.0%

CA 6.0%

DE 6.0%

CO 7.0% NC 6.1%

AZ 12.0%

GA 7.8% TX 7.9% FL 8.8%

U.S . = 4. 3%

UNITED STATES—POPULATION

3

Table US-3. Population and Components of Population Change, 2000–2004 (Number.) Components of population change, 2000–2004 State

Population, 2000

Population, 2004

Births

Deaths

Net international migration

Net internal migration

United States .............................................................

281 421 906

293 655 404

17 198 187

10 297 024

5 329 639

X

Alabama ...................................................................... Alaska ......................................................................... Arizona ........................................................................ Arkansas ..................................................................... California ..................................................................... Colorado ..................................................................... Connecticut ................................................................. Delaware ..................................................................... District of Columbia ..................................................... Florida .........................................................................

4 447 100 626 932 5 130 632 2 673 400 33 871 648 4 301 261 3 405 565 783 600 572 059 15 982 378

4 530 182 655 435 5 743 834 2 752 629 35 893 799 4 601 403 3 503 604 830 364 553 523 17 397 161

258 878 42 755 371 351 159 897 2 244 263 285 656 181 064 47 020 33 197 893 447

196 032 13 986 178 046 118 535 983 736 121 297 127 067 29 651 25 203 708 259

21 712 4 512 141 175 18 427 1 192 430 94 620 63 771 9 621 17 156 444 726

-703 -4 481 281 625 20 949 -415 313 42 100 -18 255 20 184 -43 304 791 904

Georgia ....................................................................... Hawaii ......................................................................... Idaho ........................................................................... Illinois .......................................................................... Indiana ........................................................................ Iowa ............................................................................ Kansas ........................................................................ Kentucky ..................................................................... Louisiana ..................................................................... Maine ..........................................................................

8 186 453 1 211 537 1 293 953 12 419 293 6 080 485 2 926 324 2 688 418 4 041 769 4 468 976 1 274 923

8 829 383 1 262 840 1 393 262 12 713 634 6 237 569 2 954 451 2 735 502 4 145 922 4 515 770 1 317 253

577 914 78 349 88 369 774 574 365 221 159 235 165 737 230 345 284 740 57 576

279 352 38 712 42 609 453 342 236 937 118 027 104 107 170 046 177 971 53 238

161 522 24 204 12 208 276 890 47 067 24 975 32 289 22 745 16 680 4 182

181 296 -11 986 40 761 -304 775 -18 818 -37 315 -48 141 22 512 -74 776 34 356

Maryland ..................................................................... Massachusetts ............................................................ Michigan ...................................................................... Minnesota ................................................................... Mississippi ................................................................... Missouri ....................................................................... Montana ...................................................................... Nebraska ..................................................................... Nevada ........................................................................ New Hampshire ..........................................................

5 296 486 6 349 097 9 938 444 4 919 479 2 844 658 5 595 211 902 195 1 711 263 1 998 257 1 235 786

5 558 058 6 416 505 10 112 620 5 100 958 2 902 966 5 754 618 926 865 1 747 214 2 334 771 1 299 500

318 169 347 124 560 624 287 611 183 404 322 858 46 230 106 706 135 588 60 933

188 517 241 265 370 460 160 686 121 865 234 051 35 951 65 074 71 296 40 203

91 278 137 394 103 785 60 274 8 717 35 880 1 741 18 789 55 710 9 624

21 969 -173 062 -116 477 -7 728 -10 423 20 077 13 014 -23 672 216 322 33 774

New Jersey ................................................................. New Mexico ................................................................ New York .................................................................... North Carolina ............................................................. North Dakota ............................................................... Ohio ............................................................................ Oklahoma .................................................................... Oregon ........................................................................ Pennsylvania ............................................................... Rhode Island ...............................................................

8 414 350 1 819 046 18 976 457 8 049 313 642 200 11 353 140 3 450 654 3 421 399 12 281 054 1 048 319

8 698 879 1 903 289 19 227 088 8 541 221 634 366 11 459 011 3 523 553 3 594 586 12 406 292 1 080 632

491 048 115 818 1 093 899 505 789 32 391 637 404 213 108 191 214 613 270 52 551

311 614 58 010 662 269 310 001 25 209 465 064 150 892 130 648 552 078 41 587

244 994 23 267 562 265 131 807 3 023 63 691 30 484 61 482 86 811 15 990

-135 483 3 985 -771 944 166 864 -17 742 -133 416 -18 211 52 944 -19 365 5 826

South Carolina ............................................................ South Dakota .............................................................. Tennessee .................................................................. Texas .......................................................................... Utah ............................................................................ Vermont ...................................................................... Virginia ........................................................................ Washington ................................................................. West Virginia ............................................................... Wisconsin .................................................................... Wyoming .....................................................................

4 012 012 754 844 5 689 283 20 851 820 2 233 169 608 827 7 078 515 5 894 121 1 808 344 5 363 675 493 782

4 198 068 770 883 5 900 962 22 490 022 2 389 039 621 394 7 459 827 6 203 788 1 815 354 5 509 026 506 529

239 064 45 137 334 641 1 570 403 204 213 26 841 423 268 333 188 87 308 291 703 27 094

160 520 29 911 238 191 639 884 55 349 21 842 241 784 191 793 89 352 198 158 17 347

30 218 3 259 42 226 558 004 42 176 3 722 115 538 112 580 3 114 39 044 1 840

79 476 -1 973 71 204 157 893 -39 856 4 118 87 546 52 965 6 794 15 381 1 380

X = Not applicable.

Race and ethnicity. For those reporting only one race to Census enumerators in 2004 (98.5 percent of respondents), 67.4 percent reported themselves as non-Hispanic White alone; 12.2 percent reported Black alone; 4.2 percent reported Asian and Pacific Islander alone; and 0.8 percent reported American Indian or Alaska Native alone. Another 1.3 percent of the population reported being two or more races. The non-Hispanic White alone population grew the most slowly from 2000 to 2004, increasing at an annual rate of only about 0.3 percent. However, as a proportion of the U.S. population, this group remained largest by far. The Black alone and American Indian or Alaska Native alone populations grew at above average annual rates of 1.2 and 1.3 per-

cent, respectively. Asian and Pacific Islanders alone had the highest rate of growth, with an increase of about 3.8 percent per year during this period. The Hispanic or Latino population, which is an ethnic designation rather than a racial one (and therefore includes members of different races), grew rapidly from 2000 to 2004, rising at more than three times the rate of total population growth. In 2004, Hispanics accounted for 14.1 percent of the population, compared with 12.5 percent in 2000. During the 1990s, this ethnic group increased at an annual rate of 4.7 percent. The increasing number of Hispanics reflects immigration, the younger average age of the group, the group’s subsequently higher birth rates, and a larger average family size.

4

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

States varied widely in the racial and ethnic composition of their populations and in the growth rates of different population groups. Non-Hispanic Whites alone made up more than 94 percent of the population in the New England states of Maine, Vermont, and New Hampshire; a similar proportion was also found in West Virginia. This group made up less than 50 percent of the populations of Hawaii, the District of Columbia, New Mexico, California, and Texas. Non-Hispanic Blacks alone repre-

sented the majority of the District of Columbia’s population (56.7 percent) and about one-third of Mississippi’s and Louisiana’s populations. New Mexico, California, Texas, and Arizona had the highest proportions of Hispanics or Latinos. Neighboring states presented sharp contrasts: Texas’s population of Hispanics totaled nearly 35 percent, which differed dramatically from Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana, as each of these states had Hispanic populations of 7 percent or less.

Table US-4. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

248 709 873

281 421 906

293 655 404

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

75.6 11.7 0.8 2.9 3.9 ...

69.5 12.2 0.7 3.8 ... 1.2

67.4 12.2 0.8 4.2 ... 1.3

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

9.0

12.5

14.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

HOUSEHOLDS Households. There were nearly 110 million households in the nation in 2004, defined as one or more persons occupying a single housing unit, such as a house, apartment, or room. Since 2000, the number of households has grown at a slower annual rate than during the 1990–2000 period. In 2004, the average household size was 2.6 persons. About 67 percent of households were family households, which contained two or more individuals related by blood or marriage. The remaining 33 percent consisted of individuals living alone or with a nonrelative. Of these nonfamily households, over 80 percent lived alone, with about one-third of householders over the age of 65 years.

Utah had the largest household size, with an average of about 3 persons per household. It was followed by California (2.93), Hawaii (2.87), and Texas (2.81). This reflected the relatively high proportions of young people in these states’ populations, as well as increases in immigrant populations, in which shared living quarters may had been more prevalent. Because California and Texas had the largest populations, they heavily influenced the national average household size. Most states’ household sizes were well below the U.S. average of 2.6. Washington, DC, had the smallest household size, with about 2 persons per household, reflecting a pattern of

Table US-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

91 947 410 64 517 947 50 708 322 13 809 625 3 143 582 10 666 043 27 429 463 22 580 420 4 849 043

105 480 101 71 787 347 54 493 232 17 294 115 4 394 012 12 900 103 33 692 754 27 230 075 6 462 679

109 902 090 73 885 953 55 223 574 18 662 379 4 811 462 13 850 917 36 016 137 29 572 372 6 443 765

1.0 0.7 0.3 1.9 2.3 1.8 1.7 2.1 -0.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.63 102 263 678 91 947 410 59 024 811 32 922 599

2.59 115 904 641 105 480 101 69 815 753 35 664 348

2.60 122 671 734 109 902 090 73 754 173 36 147 917

X 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

447 78 500

602 119 600

694 151 366

3.6 6.1

X = Not applicable.

UNITED STATES— HEALTH

childless couples and single individuals as city dwellers and couples with children choosing to live in the surrounding suburbs. Housing occupancy. There were more than 122 million housing units in 2004; about 110 million were occupied, and of these, about 67 percent were owner-occupied. The remainder were rental units. The vacancy rate for rental units has edged up to about 10 percent in recent years, while the homeowner housing vacancy rate, which is the proportion of homes for sale, has remained stable at about 1.8 percent. Nationally, homeownership rates increased as the age of the householder rose: more than 80 percent of those age 55 years and over owned homes, but this rate fell to about 40 percent for 25- to 29-year-olds and 57.4 percent HEALTH Several health indicators, available for all states on a reasonably current basis, are presented in this book. Together, they give a general, though incomplete, picture of the health problems that may exist within a state, and the degree of progress being made in providing state residents with adequate health care. Birth rates. The number of births in the United States reached its most recent peak in 1990, when there were more than 4.1 million babies born and the number of births per 1,000 population reached 16.7. (This measure is commonly referred to as the birth rate.) This rate was at its highest since 1971, but far below the peak rates of the 1950s. In 2003, the birth rate fell to 14.1. Infant mortality. The United States has made notable progress in reducing infant mortality. The infant mortality rate—the number of deaths of infants under 1 year old per 1,000 live births—fell from 9.2 in 1990 to 6.9 in 2003, the latest year for which data are available. All of the states have seen improvements in this area in the past two decades. During the 2000–2002 period, the lowest infant mortality rates were found in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, and Utah. The District of Columbia had the highest rate of infant mortality, followed by Mississippi, Louisiana, and Delaware. Health insurance coverage. Obviously, a major factor in the health of the population is access to health insurance to obtain affordable services for illnesses and preventive care. In 2004, 15.7 percent of the U.S. population did not have health insurance, a percentage that had risen since 1990, despite the coverage of the elderly and the poor under Medicare and Medicaid. Groups especially likely to lack insurance were the working poor and the foreign-born population, although many business owners eliminated or significantly scaled back plans due to the escalating costs of such insurance. Among the states, the proportion of population lacking coverage ranged from 8.9 percent in Minnesota to 25 percent in Texas. The status of each state is shown in the ranking tables.

5

for 30- to 34-years-olds. Non-Hispanic Whites were much more likely to be homeowners than members of other racial or ethnic groups: their rate was over 75 percent in 2004, compared with rates of about 50 percent for Blacks; 48 percent for Hispanics or Latinos (of any race); and about 60 percent for Asian and Pacific Islanders. Regionally, homeownership rates were the highest in the Midwest, followed by the South, and lowest inside central cities. West Virginia had the highest rate of homeownership—just over 80 percent in 2004—followed by Alabama, Delaware, Michigan, and Minnesota. The District of Columbia had the lowest rate at less than 46 percent, followed by New York and California, both of which had large urban concentrations and above average prices that had increased significantly in recent years. Table US-6. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ............................................................................... Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ....................................................... Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) .................

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ........................................ Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ........................................................................................ Non-Hispanic White ...................................................................... Black ............................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native .................................................... Asian and Pacific Islander ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino1 .......................................................................

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ............................... Percent of children without health insurance .................................... Percent of low-income children without health insurance .................

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

6.9

be of any race.

Age-adjusted death rates and leading causes of death. The death rates are presented on an age-adjusted basis so that the same age distribution percentages— those of the United States in 2002—are applied to the actual death rates for each age group in the state. As a result, a state with a large elderly population, such as Florida, will not be tabulated to have a high death rate. The age-adjusted death rate makes comparisons among states, and over time, more meaningful in understanding the health of the population. Overall, death rates and the leading causes of death vary greatly by age. Children between the ages of 5 and 14 years and young people age 15 to 24 years had the lowest death rates in 2002; for both groups, the leading cause was accidents. After age 24 years, death rates rose rapidly for each 10-year cohort as the effects of disease increased. For persons age 45 to 64 years, the leading cause of death was cancer; for those over 65 years old, it was heart disease. For the United States average of 2000–2002, the age-adjusted death rate was 853 deaths per 100,000 persons. Heart disease and

6

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table US-7. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Age-adjusted death rates Cause

ALL CAUSES ........................................................................ Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .............................................. Heart disease ..................................................................... Coronary heart disease (CHD) ...................................... Essential (primary) hypertension and hypertensive renal disease ................................................................ Stroke ................................................................................ All cancer ............................................................................... Oropharyngeal cancer ....................................................... Colorectal cancer ............................................................... Lung cancer ....................................................................... Melanoma cancer .............................................................. Breast cancer ..................................................................... Cervical cancer .................................................................. Uterine cancer ................................................................... Ovarian cancer .................................................................. Prostate cancer .................................................................. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma .................................................. Leukemia ........................................................................... Diabetes-related (multiple cause) .......................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ........................................ Unintentional injuries ............................................................. Diabetes (underlying cause) .................................................. Influenza and pneumonia ...................................................... Alzheimer’s disease ............................................................... Motor vehicle crashes ............................................................ Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis ...................... Septicemia ............................................................................. Suicides ................................................................................. Firearm-related deaths .......................................................... Cirrhosis ................................................................................. Drug-induced ......................................................................... Alcohol-induced ..................................................................... Homicides .............................................................................. Falls ....................................................................................... HIV ......................................................................................... Viral hepatitis ......................................................................... Anemias ................................................................................. Peptic ulcer ............................................................................ Nutritional deficiencies ........................................................... Drownings .............................................................................. Fire deaths ............................................................................. Complications of medical and surgical care .......................... 1May

Number of deaths

Non-Hispanic White

Total

Non-Hispanic Black

American Indian, Asian and Pacific Alaska Native Islander

Hispanic or Latino1

2 421 054

853.3

843.1

1 113.3

687.0

486.0

642.7

925 962 702 616 528 925

326.5 247.7 186.5

322.2 245.9 185.0

431.1 319.2 236.2

218.7 163.2 121.8

200.8 137.9 108.7

245.0 186.7 152.5

19 195 164 624 554 710 7 644 57 035 156 431 7 492 41 997 4 081 6 741 14 385 30 748 22 315 21 429 218 423 123 279 102 060 71 307 64 343 54 092 42 856 39 235 32 442 30 541 29 493 26 948 22 466 19 701 17 263 14 866 14 249 5 578 4 578 4 376 3 908 3 834 3 282 2 974

6.8 58.0 196.0 2.7 20.1 55.4 2.6 14.8 1.4 2.4 5.1 10.9 7.9 7.6 77.2 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0

5.7 56.3 197.6 2.6 19.9 57.7 3.2 14.7 1.2 2.2 5.3 10.0 8.3 7.9 69.9 46.9 36.4 22.0 22.5 20.2 15.1 12.3 10.4 12.4 9.0 9.0 8.4 6.4 2.8 5.5 2.1 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0

16.8 79.8 246.4 3.9 27.9 63.6 0.5 20.7 3.0 4.4 4.5 23.1 5.4 6.7 137.5 31.5 38.0 50.0 24.7 14.4 15.4 29.6 24.4 5.5 19.2 9.2 9.5 8.4 21.2 3.1 23.2 2.8 3.6 1.6 2.2 1.7 2.7 1.8

5.0 40.7 127.1 2.3 13.2 33.0 0.7 7.2 1.5 1.6 2.9 6.9 4.6 4.0 104.5 30.7 52.1 41.5 21.6 8.9 26.4 14.2 10.2 10.2 8.2 23.1 6.6 23.0 7.3 5.1 2.3 2.4 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.1

5.7 50.0 117.3 2.4 12.7 27.0 0.4 7.0 1.4 1.3 2.7 4.6 4.8 4.0 59.2 17.1 17.6 16.8 18.5 5.4 8.1 8.6 5.2 5.4 3.2 3.4 1.3 1.6 2.9 3.7 0.7 2.8 0.9 1.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.5

6.2 43.5 130.6 1.7 13.8 23.9 0.8 9.0 1.9 1.8 3.5 8.5 5.9 5.1 96.9 20.5 30.3 36.0 19.8 10.7 14.6 11.8 8.5 5.7 7.7 15.8 5.6 9.8 7.4 4.1 6.2 3.5 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.7

be of any race.

INCOME AND POVERTY cancer were the biggest killers. The U.S. median household income (adjusted for inflation) declined significantly over the 2000–2004 period, although the decrease slowed in 2004. After reaching a peak of $46,129 in 1999, median household income fell to $44,389 in 2004, a decline of 3.8 percent. This trend reflected the 2001 recession and the subsequent slow recovery in employment and earnings. It contrasted with the steady rise in household income during the 1990s. The number of households in poverty moved inversely to income developments. The poverty rate had declined steadily since the mid-1990s, as the recovery from the 1990–1991 recession gained momentum. However, after dropping to a low of 11.3 percent in 2000, the rate moved steadily upward, reaching 12.7 percent in 2004. The number of people in poverty increased by 5.4 million from 2000 to 2004, an increase of 17 percent. As in earlier years, the highest levels of median household income were generally found in the mid-Atlantic

states, particularly Maryland, New Jersey, and Virginia. High median household incomes were also found in the New England states, notably New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. The Far West states of Hawaii, Alaska, Washington, and California also ranked among the top 15 median household incomes. The lowest median household incomes were found in the Southeast states, including West Virginia, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Kentucky. These four states ranked among the lowest five median household incomes in 2004. Poverty rates were generally inversely related to median income. When looking at income data by region or state, it is important to note that they are adjusted to constant dollars on the basis of a national price index—the Consumer Price Index—that does not reflect regional differences in cost of living. Consequently, real median income in states with a higher cost of living than the national average may be overstated in income rank relative to those with lower costs.

UNITED STATES—INCOME AND POVERTY

Table US-8. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

Income measurement and economic well-being. The two most commonly used measures of annual income, median household income and per capita personal income, address different aspects of economic well-being. The median household income concept is a mid-point— half of all households have incomes above that point and half have incomes below it. Per capita income is the average derived by dividing total personal income by the total population. Trends in per capita income reflect changes in the both the numerator and the denominator, while median household income captures the income of a household unit. This is why the government uses median household income in discussions of household income and poverty. These data are based solely on money income and do not include the value of noncash benefits such as food stamps, Medicare, Medicaid, or other in-kind benefits. Neither measure of income directly addresses the issue of income inequality, which is beyond the scope of this book. However, it does appear that overall inequality in income has risen in recent years, as the share of top income recipients (the highest quintile) has increased relative to the rest of the income distribution. Demographics of income and poverty. Although not available on a state-by-state basis, it is worthwhile to briefly examine some of the broad patterns in income and poverty at the national level. Between 2000 and 2004, general trends in median household income and poverty did not show significant changes within demographic groups or between one demographic group and another. Median income was highest for married-couple family households at $63,813 and lowest for female nonfamily householders at $21,797. Among persons reporting one race, Asian and Pacific Islander households had the most substantial incomes at $57,518, compared with $48,977 for non-Hispanic White households and $30,134 for Black households. Hispanics (of any race) had an income of $34,241—about 70 percent of the median

7

income of non-Hispanic Whites. Median income rose sharply with the age of the householder, peaking with those age 45–54 years, but dropping to $24,509 for seniors 65 years and over. Poverty rates in 2004 were lowest among non-Hispanic Whites (8.6 percent) and highest among Blacks (24.7 percent). Asian and Pacific Islanders had a poverty rate of 9.8 percent and Hispanics (of any race) had a rate of 21.9 percent. Disparities in poverty were also evident among families of female and male householders with no spouse present. For women, the rate was 28.4 percent, compared with 13.5 percent for men. Married couples had the lowest incidence of poverty at 5.5 percent. By age, only the poverty rates among those age 65 years and over showed a decline over the 2000–2004 period, dropping slightly to 9.8 percent in 2004. Components of personal income. Personal income is measured more broadly than median household income, as it includes in-kind benefits from sources such as food stamps and medical benefits. As noted above, household income excludes noncash income. This difference has become quite significant in recent years, as noncash income has been among the fastest-growing components of personal income. Net earnings were by far the largest source of personal income, accounting for about 70 percent of income nationwide in 2004. Earnings include wages, salaries, most fringe benefits, and the net income of proprietors. Data on earnings are based on where an individual works. An “adjustment for residence” is then made to shift earnings to where a worker resides, thereby adjusting for cases in which the worker lives another state (or country). A positive adjustment indicates that, on balance, earnings are flowing into the state because residents cross state borders to work. A negative adjustment indicates the reverse: workers were taking earnings out of the state to their residences elsewhere. At the national level, the negative adjustment is an estimate of the amount by which earnings in the United States by workers living in another country exceed the earnings of U.S. residents working abroad. The other major components of personal income are dividends, interest, and rent, which accounted for about 16 percent of the U.S. total, and transfer payments, which made up the remaining 15 percent of personal income. The vast majority of these transfer payments were from government sources; the largest of these came from Social Security and Medicare/Medicaid. Also included were needs-based transfers, including earned income credit, unemployment insurance, and veterans’ benefits. Not surprisingly, states with higher rates of poverty and those with relatively large proportions of elderly individuals received an above average share of transfer benefits. Government transfer payments to individuals increased by over 80 percent from 1990 to 2000, at an average rate of 6.1 percent per year. This trend accelerated from 2000 and 2004, as transfers grew at an annual rate of 7.5 percent. Medical payments, largely made by Medicare and Medicaid, rose the most during the 2000–2004 period, largely due to the continuous rise of medical care costs. In 2000, medical payments nearly equaled Social Security

8

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table US-9. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

1 815 550 1 370 432 271 152 173 966 11 198 162 768 165 669 -454 1 649 427 368 611 280 217 2 298 255 2 278 355 19 900

3 702 139 2 743 016 577 074 382 049 33 329 348 720 408 654 -737 3 292 748 973 575 595 613 4 861 936 4 816 059 45 877

6 504 679 4 825 906 948 315 730 458 24 763 705 695 701 650 -1 060 5 801 969 1 536 284 1 083 821 8 422 074 8 378 971 43 103

6 707 999 4 939 944 993 918 774 137 21 935 752 202 730 005 -1 093 5 976 901 1 546 360 1 193 731 8 716 992 8 675 657 41 335

6 850 968 4 976 552 1 104 311 770 105 12 288 757 817 748 787 -1 162 6 101 019 1 485 161 1 286 341 8 872 521 8 840 864 31 657

7 118 533 5 105 689 1 202 968 809 876 27 441 782 435 775 196 -1 198 6 342 139 1 469 423 1 344 546 9 156 108 9 110 192 45 916

7 566 609 5 383 759 1 290 402 892 448 38 641 853 807 820 790 -1 233 6 744 586 1 529 780 1 428 159 9 702 525 9 642 757 59 768

3.9 2.8 8.0 5.1 11.8 4.9 4.0 X 3.8 -0.1 7.1 3.6 3.6 8.5

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 114

19 477

29 845

30 575

30 814

31 487

33 041

2.6

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

benefits, and by 2004, they exceeded Social Security benefits by nearly $92 billion. There were divergent trends among income maintenance transfers. The largest component of this category was the Earned Income Tax Credit, which were payments to low-income families and to some individuals who reported income on their income tax returns. These payments have grown substantially, reflecting changes in government policies in the mid-1990s, as well as the increasing numbers of low-income individuals who have found work. These payments were reported under the category “Other income maintenance.” Supplemental Security Income (SSI) was the second largest of the income maintenance transfers and has been growing steadily in virtually all states. Administered by the Social

Security Administration, the program supports needy elders and the blind and disabled. Disability payments have come to be dominated by children and by adults under 65 years of age. Notable is the sharp decline in Family Assistance, which historically consisted of Aid for Families with Dependent Children. This program was radically restructured in 1997 to impose strong work requirements upon beneficiaries and to give states, which largely administer the programs, broader authority over their requirements for family assistance. Food stamps, another large income maintenance program, grew rapidly over the 2000–2004 period, in part reflecting the declines in the inflation-adjusted median household income and increases in poverty.

Table US-10. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

263 351

561 484

1 018 106

1 117 218

1 219 954

1 282 540

1 361 666

7.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

128 802 118 586 4 812 2 848 2 556

264 230 244 135 7 221 8 618 4 256

424 810 401 218 8 265 10 845 4 482

450 415 425 081 8 411 11 673 5 250

474 863 446 690 8 700 13 318 6 155

493 894 463 406 8 855 14 189 7 444

517 840 485 932 9 009 14 801 8 098

5.1 4.9 2.2 8.1 15.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

62 624 36 201 25 659 764

188 808 107 638 78 176 2 994

427 689 219 612 205 021 3 056

482 527 243 462 234 644 4 421

525 387 260 777 258 560 6 050

555 259 275 875 274 272 5 112

609 035 303 322 299 667 6 046

9.2 8.4 10.0 18.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

34 276 7 941 12 516 8 214 5 605

63 481 16 670 19 187 14 741 12 883

106 616 31 675 18 440 14 896 41 605

109 403 33 162 18 106 16 000 42 135

119 718 34 664 17 684 18 612 48 758

131 225 35 703 18 367 22 127 55 028

141 490 37 299 18 492 25 779 59 920

7.3 4.2 0.1 14.7 9.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

18 662

18 208

20 680

32 155

53 742

53 583

37 119

15.7

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

14 660

17 687

24 935

26 500

29 333

31 607

33 806

7.9

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

4 106

7 300

10 985

13 129

14 523

13 947

14 833

7.8

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

221

1 770

2 391

3 089

2 388

3 025

7 543

33.3

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

UNITED STATES—LABOR MARKET

9

LABOR MARKET Unemployment. The decline in economic activity in 2001 caused unemployment to increase significantly as the overall jobless rate rose from its decades-low rate of 4.0 percent in 2000 to 6.0 percent in 2003. As market conditions improved in 2004, the rate dropped to 5.5 percent. However, this partly reflected the fact that many Americans remained outside the labor force, neither employed nor seeking work. This was reflected by the lower civilian labor force participation rate of 66.0 percent in 2004, down from 67.1 percent in 2000, before the recession began. The rise in unemployment was common to all regions of the country; it was most intense in the Midwest region (as defined by the Census Bureau), where manufacturing employment fell, and in the West region—particularly in the Pacific states. The recovery from the recession was as uneven as its impact. The Middle Atlantic, New England, and Pacific areas (Census divisions) had the largest reductions in unemployment, particularly in the states of Washington, New Jersey, and North Carolina. Only Iowa, Missouri, South Carolina, Delaware, and the District of Columbia continued to experience increasing unemployment rates. The ranking tables following this section show each state’s unemployment rate in 2004. The lowest rates were found in Hawaii, where tourism rebounded, and in North Dakota and South Dakota. The highest rates were in the District of Columbia, Alaska, Oregon, and Michigan. Employment. As measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics’s Survey of Establishments, which is part of the Current Employment Statistics program, employment was slow to regain its momentum following the 2001 recession. Indeed, payroll employment in 2004 remained below its previous peak in February 2001—the longest lag in employment recovery in the post-World-War-II

period. Hence, until sustained overall job growth was observed in 2004, many commentators termed the expansion “the jobless recovery.” Moreover, the pattern of recovery was uneven across industries and regions. While employment somewhat recuperated in some of the more cyclically-sensitive industries, such as machinery, transportation, trade, business and professional services, and leisure and tourism, other industries remained depressed. The evidence of employer caution in hiring as the major contributor to job growth was in the “temporary help services” industry, which supplied workers to all industries. Employers sought to keep pace with increased demand for their products and services without committing to providing permanent employment until assured that demand would be long-lasting. The demand for temporary workers was widespread across the country—in some areas, temporary workers filled positions in light manufacturing (relatively low-skilled work), while other employers hired temporary workers to fill clerical, freight transportation, information technology, and health care jobs. Mortgage-sensitive industries also spurred job growth. Mortgage interest rates remained historically low over the 2001–2004 period, which sustained job growth in financial activities related to home financing (and building financing in general), real estate, and construction, particularly residential construction. The strong demand for housing also increased manufacturing employment in the fabricated metal, nonmetallic mineral, and wood products industries, all of which provided home-building products. These three industries combined accounted for much of the growth in manufacturing employment. State and local budgets were also favorably impacted, as rising home value assessments generated revenues from prop-

Table US-11. Employment Status, 1980–2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force

Participation rate

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ...........................................................

223 357 000 221 168 000 217 570 000 215 092 000 212 577 000

147 401 000 146 510 000 144 863 000 143 734 000 142 583 000

66.0 66.2 66.6 66.8 67.1

139 252 000 137 736 000 136 485 000 136 933 000 136 891 000

8 149 000 8 774 000 8 378 000 6 801 000 5 692 000

5.5 6.0 5.8 4.7 4.0

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ...........................................................

207 753 000 205 220 000 203 133 000 200 591 000 198 584 000 196 814 000 194 838 000 192 805 000 190 925 000 189 164 000

139 368 000 137 673 000 136 297 000 133 943 000 132 304 000 131 056 000 129 200 000 128 105 000 126 346 000 125 840 000

67.1 67.1 67.1 66.8 66.6 66.6 66.3 66.4 66.2 66.5

133 488 000 131 463 000 129 558 000 126 708 000 124 900 000 123 060 000 120 259 000 118 492 000 117 718 000 118 793 000

5 880 000 6 210 000 6 739 000 7 236 000 7 404 000 7 996 000 8 940 000 9 613 000 8 628 000 7 047 000

4.2 4.5 4.9 5.4 5.6 6.1 6.9 7.5 6.8 5.6

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ...........................................................

186 393 000 184 613 000 182 753 000 180 587 000 178 206 000 176 383 000 174 215 000 172 271 000 170 130 000 167 745 000

123 869 000 121 669 000 119 865 000 117 834 000 115 461 000 113 544 000 111 550 000 110 204 000 108 670 000 106 940 000

66.5 65.9 65.6 65.3 64.8 64.4 64.0 64.0 63.9 63.8

117 342 000 114 968 000 112 440 000 109 597 000 107 150 000 105 005 000 100 834 000 99 526 000 100 397 000 99 303 000

6 528 000 6 701 000 7 425 000 8 237 000 8 312 000 8 539 000 10 717 000 10 678 000 8 273 000 7 637 000

5.3 5.5 6.2 7.0 7.2 7.5 9.6 9.7 7.6 7.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

10

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

erty taxes, which some states used to increase spending on local public education. However, employment in some sectors suffered from consolidation, such as the telecommunications industry, or from the loss of competitiveness, such as the textiles and apparel industries. Among the states, Nevada had the strongest recent rate of payroll employment growth, with the number of jobs growing 5.6 percent between 2003 and 2004. This was followed by Arizona (3.6 percent) and Florida (3.2 percent). Larger states, such as Texas, California, and New York, experienced gains closer to the national average of 1.6 percent.

A broader measure of employment by industry is contained in Table 13, which includes managers and professional employees in addition to production and nonsupervisory workers. These employment data show similar trends. Notable employment growth did not occur until 2004, and much of the strength was in construction, real estate and related activities, health care and educational services, and tourism-related industries (such as accommodation and food services). Employment in manufacturing was well below its 2001 level.

Table US-12. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Characteristic

Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Percent

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 years and over .................................................................. 25 to 34 years .................................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 to 69 years .................................................................... 70 to 74 years .................................................................... 75 years and over ..............................................................

223 357 16 222 20 197 186 937 38 939 43 226 41 245 28 919 9 800 8 381 16 429

147 401 7 114 15 154 125 133 32 207 36 158 33 758 18 013 2 710 1 280 1 007

66.0 43.9 75.0 66.9 82.7 83.6 81.8 62.3 27.7 15.3 6.1

139 252 5 907 13 723 119 622 30 423 34 580 32 469 17 331 2 614 1 234 971

5.5 17.0 9.4 4.4 5.5 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6

Men ........................................................................................ 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 years and over .................................................................. 25 to 34 years .................................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 to 69 years .................................................................... 70 to 74 years .................................................................... 75 years and over ..............................................................

107 710 8 234 10 125 89 351 19 358 21 255 20 160 13 894 4 573 3 721 6 391

78 980 3 616 8 057 67 306 17 798 19 539 17 635 9 547 1 490 721 576

73.3 43.9 79.6 75.3 91.9 91.9 87.5 68.7 32.6 19.4 9.0

74 524 2 952 7 246 64 326 16 818 18 700 16 951 9 174 1 436 693 554

5.6 18.4 10.1 4.4 5.5 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.8

Women .................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 years and over .................................................................. 25 to 34 years .................................................................... 35 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 54 years .................................................................... 55 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 to 69 years .................................................................... 70 to 74 years .................................................................... 75 years and over ..............................................................

115 647 7 989 10 072 97 586 19 581 21 970 21 085 15 025 5 227 4 660 10 038

68 421 3 498 7 097 57 826 14 409 16 619 16 123 8 466 1 220 560 431

59.2 43.8 70.5 59.3 73.6 75.6 76.5 56.3 23.3 12.0 4.3

64 728 2 955 6 477 55 296 13 605 15 880 15 518 8 157 1 178 541 416

5.4 15.5 8.7 4.4 5.6 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4

White ..................................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... Men, 16 years and over ......................................................... Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... Women, 16 years and over .................................................... Women, 20 years and over ....................................................

182 643 12 599 89 044 82 615 93 599 87 430

121 086 5 929 65 994 62 944 55 092 52 212

66.3 47.1 74.1 76.2 58.9 59.7

115 239 5 039 62 712 60 159 52 527 50 040

4.8 15.0 5.0 4.4 4.7 4.2

Black ..................................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... Men, 16 years and over ......................................................... Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... Women, 16 years and over .................................................... Women, 20 years and over ....................................................

26 065 2 423 11 656 10 461 14 409 13 182

16 638 762 7 773 7 414 8 865 8 462

63.8 31.4 66.7 70.9 61.5 64.2

14 909 520 6 912 6 681 7 997 7 707

10.4 31.7 11.1 9.9 9.8 8.9

Asian ..................................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... Men, 16 years and over ......................................................... Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... Women, 16 years and over .................................................... Women, 20 years and over ....................................................

9 519 606 4 529 4 216 4 990 4 697

6 271 172 3 396 3 305 2 876 2 795

65.9 28.4 75.0 78.4 57.6 59.5

5 994 152 3 243 3 165 2 751 2 678

4.4 11.5 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2

Hispanic or Latino1 .............................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... Men, 16 years and over ......................................................... Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... Women, 16 years and over .................................................... Women, 20 years and over ....................................................

28 109 2 608 14 417 13 082 13 692 12 420

19 272 995 11 587 11 020 7 685 7 257

68.6 38.2 80.4 84.2 56.1 58.4

17 930 792 10 832 10 385 7 098 6 752

7.0 20.4 6.5 5.8 7.6 7.0

RACE, HISPANIC ORGIN, SEX, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 12 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 11. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

11

UNITED STATES—LABOR MARKET

Earnings. Wages for blue-collar industrial workers and for nonsupervisory workers in service-providing industries have been stagnant since economic recovery began in November 2001. Part of the reason lay in the rising cost of non-wage benefits, particularly health insurance. Inflation-adjusted compensation, or wages plus benefits as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Employment Cost Index, rose less than in past recoveries. Moreover, these pay gains were distributed unevenly, with educated workers experiencing the highest increases. Following employment patterns, the major gainers in weekly earnings, adjusted for inflation, were financial activities, educational services, health care services, and business and professional services. Real wages declined in natural resources and mining industries, as well as in transportation and manufacturing. Average wage and salary disbursements encompassed all wage and salary workers and included earnings of

payroll workers, salaries of managerial and professional employees, compensation of corporate officers, commissions, tips, and bonuses. Although these data were not adjusted for inflation, they showed little in the way of strong gains by workers across most industries. High wage and salary jobs were generally found in the goods-producing sectors of mining and utilities and in the finance and insurance, company and enterprise management, professional and technical services, and information services sectors. The lowest earnings were in accommodation and food services, retail trade, and agriculture sectors, where hourly earnings were low and part-time and part-year employment were more prevalent. Average annual wages and salaries were the highest in the District of Columbia; the northeastern states of Connecticut, New York, Massachusetts, and New Jersey; and California. The lowest were in Montana, South Dakota, and Mississippi.

Table US-13. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

167 014 700 3 056 000 163 958 700 140 778 700 1 022 500 811 400 618 800 9 846 700 16 994 600 10 675 900 6 318 700 6 273 400 18 528 800 5 474 000 4 053 800 7 839 600 5 551 400 10 575 800 1 779 300 9 621 000 3 058 300 15 611 400 3 243 100 10 825 200 9 049 600 23 180 000

166 634 100 3 077 000 163 557 100 140 043 100 1 053 700 751 000 603 600 9 664 800 15 822 700 9 817 100 6 005 600 6 141 800 18 470 100 5 342 300 3 724 200 7 909 300 5 677 000 10 460 200 1 806 000 9 640 300 3 202 600 16 079 000 3 343 200 10 935 200 9 416 100 23 514 000

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

35 582 20 598 35 677 35 868 21 934 59 394 65 491 38 416 42 886 45 293 38 813 48 717 22 658 37 380 57 208 63 775 32 946 58 544 69 119 24 467 26 681 32 440 26 099 14 595 22 167 34 733

36 150 20 591 36 249 36 234 22 841 60 104 66 988 39 052 44 002 46 288 40 259 49 168 23 234 38 017 56 070 62 878 33 991 58 542 69 705 25 326 27 681 33 634 26 961 14 879 22 758 36 320

167 487 500 3 032 000 164 455 500 140 829 500 992 300 803 200 590 200 9 879 300 15 060 000 9 290 200 5 769 800 6 111 500 18 506 100 5 287 300 3 601 400 7 992 500 6 008 700 10 557 300 1 753 500 9 805 400 3 313 800 16 530 100 3 368 800 11 156 700 9 511 400 23 626 000

170 103 500 2 969 000 167 134 500 143 466 500 979 300 842 000 582 300 10 193 800 14 878 100 9 255 000 5 623 100 6 191 600 18 774 900 5 361 600 3 537 600 8 054 900 6 289 900 10 801 100 1 764 100 10 295 900 3 436 900 16 885 400 3 457 600 11 480 100 9 659 400 23 668 000

0.6 -1.0 0.6 0.6 -1.4 1.2 -2.0 1.2 -4.3 -4.6 -3.8 -0.4 0.4 -0.7 -4.4 0.9 4.3 0.7 -0.3 2.3 4.0 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.2 0.7

38 793 23 596 38 885 38 834 24 418 66 356 72 354 40 540 47 780 50 271 43 675 53 287 24 443 40 137 61 108 70 171 37 359 62 333 80 087 27 229 29 855 36 262 28 660 15 713 24 452 39 132

2.9 4.6 2.9 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.4 1.8 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.2 3.2 4.3 2.1 5.0 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.2 2.5 3.3 4.1

Dollars 37 176 19 238 37 292 37 212 23 390 62 002 68 303 39 515 45 810 48 239 41 898 50 810 23 818 38 726 57 903 65 064 35 123 59 766 72 370 26 065 28 840 34 748 27 999 15 181 23 561 37 674

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

12

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Real gross domestic product (GDP) for the nation grew at an average annual rate of 2.8 percent between 2001 and 2004. In the recession year of 2001, growth was slight—only 0.8 percent—but the subsequent recovery gradually gained momentum. In 2004, real GDP increased at a healthy annual rate of 4.2 percent. Personal consumption expenditures, particularly for services (especially housing-related services) and residential construction, were the main contributing forces for growth over the period. Gross state product (GSP) is the state counterpart to the nation’s GDP. It is equal to a state’s industries gross output (sales or receipts and other operating income, commodity taxes, and inventory change) minus its intermediate inputs (consumption of products imported or purchased from other industries). Thus, GSP accounts provide data by industry and state that are consistent with the national GDP accounts. However, the total GSP (the sum of all the states’ GSPs) differs from the national GDP in the following way: GSP excludes compensation of federal military and civilian personnel stationed abroad, as well as their expenditures on buildings and other facilities and equipment. In 2004, GDP (adjusted for inflation) totaled $10,756 billion while total constantdollar GSP was $10,720 billion. As measured by GSP, the 2001 recession and subsequent recovery affected regions and states differently. Generally, the Southeast and Southwest regions (using Bureau of Economic Analysis regions, which differ from

the Census regions and divisions; see the notes and definitions at the end of the book) fared the best over the recovery period. Florida, North Carolina, and Virginia in the Southeast and Arizona and Texas in the Southwest were the least affected by the slow growth from 2002 to 2003 that followed the 2001 recession. The Great Lakes region, particularly Illinois and Ohio, showed the weakest growth during this recovery period, reflecting the impact of the slowdown in manufacturing. With the increase in momentum in 2004, real GSP grew in all states and the District of Columbia between 2003 and 2004. The Far West region grew the most quickly (5.5 percent), with growth in service-providing industries outpacing that of the goods-producing sector. Within the Far West region, Nevada had the strongest growth rate (9.3 percent) and was the fastest-growing state in the country. The GSPs of Arizona, Virginia, and the District of Columbia expanded briskly during this one-year period. The economies of the Great Lakes region recovered more slowly, with service-providing industries outpacing the growth of the goods-producing sector (the traditional base of economic activity in this region). Within this region, Michigan grew the least and was the slowestgrowing state in the nation. By size, California, New York, and Texas had the largest GSPs in 2004; North Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming, the smallest—rankings that have not changed significantly in recent years.

Table US-14. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT ..................................................

8 620 955

9 004 669

9 404 249

9 749 104

9 836 571

10 009 433

10 289 220

10 734 763

3.0

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

7 525 575 86 566 124 322 172 560 406 564 1 205 414 14.0 506 767 569 950 266 552 341 706 593 437 1 085 381 2 188 443 25.4 542 520 188 959 270 029 73 107 570 023 84 201 232 117 227 487 1 085 200 12.6

7 896 070 84 578 123 375 171 272 423 216 1 286 184 14.3 564 655 598 829 275 845 376 962 634 611 1 108 621 2 260 096 25.1 585 863 184 040 281 005 75 627 572 975 84 691 242 495 233 400 1 100 168 12.2

8 285 466 87 396 126 551 179 204 433 346 1 342 121 14.3 594 132 633 853 287 449 437 528 678 143 1 156 980 2 335 228 24.8 623 894 185 587 296 887 77 139 583 006 87 884 251 175 229 656 1 113 472 11.8

8 614 288 98 020 121 335 189 291 435 914 1 426 218 14.6 591 687 662 430 301 622 458 304 740 488 1 190 464 2 398 513 24.6 675 122 183 354 282 373 79 239 599 197 88 676 261 443 229 109 1 134 817 11.6

8 692 539 91 806 114 922 179 980 436 624 1 346 866 13.7 633 123 708 602 293 641 476 793 772 833 1 232 575 2 406 410 24.5 679 057 179 923 274 423 79 108 620 972 91 464 256 161 225 302 1 146 452 11.7

8 851 579 98 068 112 446 190 736 425 141 1 378 211 13.8 643 042 746 447 299 142 475 471 793 771 1 239 712 2 451 965 24.5 681 177 179 845 286 699 79 198 647 572 94 658 259 375 223 441 1 161 567 11.6

9 123 043 103 507 104 600 202 043 424 053 1 439 998 14.0 630 977 788 387 314 238 502 439 856 322 1 244 084 2 520 454 24.5 701 845 186 469 299 636 77 819 669 330 95 619 265 216 224 520 1 175 255 11.4

9 543 513 96 902 106 945 212 953 433 358 1 501 315 14.0 651 562 829 726 324 749 551 721 923 143 1 295 662 2 630 474 24.5 730 527 197 198 317 683 77 339 690 023 97 511 279 798 240 395 1 201 753 11.2

3.2 1.8 -2.4 5.8 -0.2 3.7 X 1.0 5.4 3.4 5.0 6.1 1.7 3.0 X 2.5 3.1 5.0 -0.8 3.6 2.2 3.0 2.2 1.6 X

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT1 .........................................

8 703 500

9 066 900

9 470 300

9 817 000

9 890 700

10 048 800

10 320 600

10 755 700

2.8

1GDP

does not equal the sum of the states’ GSP because the latter excludes the wages and salaries and wage and salary supplements of federal civilian and military personnel stationed abroad. GSP also excludes the capital consumption allowances associated with federal government equipment and structures located abroad and all military weaponry. X = Not applicable.

UNITED STATES—EXPORTS

13

Housing activity. The housing market boom was a key factor in the recovery of the nation’s economy from the recession. Historically low mortgage rates during the period, in combination with other factors, stimulated the demand for housing. In addition to primary residences, demand was also boosted by an increase in the purchases of second homes—either as vacation units or as investments—as well as by the greater availability of less conventional financing instruments (including interest-only mortgages and adjustable rate mortgages that allow borrowers a degree of flexibility in the size of their monthly payments). These instruments have enabled households to buy homes that would have been otherwise unaffordable. The strong housing demand pushed up housing prices quite substantially over the 2001–2004 period. Although housing prices have risen steadily over the past 13 years, the extraordinary price increase of 24 percent for existing single-family homes and the over 12 percent price increase for new homes since 2001 led analysts to fear a housing “bubble,” akin to the stock market’s, which burst in 2000. Housing booms such as these must be defined in terms of areas rather than states, because these markets are localized. Indeed, in 2004, almost half of the metropolitan areas in the United States had housing prices that were not in line with historical median income/house price trends—making it necessary to measure prices with a house affordability index. These highprice markets included most of Southern California, New York City and surrounding areas, parts of Nevada, and the large metropolitan areas of southern Florida—combined, these areas were home to almost 25 percent of the nation’s population. In these locations, buyers struggled to keep up with escalating home costs, despite low mortgage rates. However, in other areas of the country, housing prices and income were more fully in line: of the 110 largest metropolitan areas, 77 had price-to-income ratios

of less than four to one, and were thus relatively affordable. It is not yet known whether the “boom” housing markets are headed for a sharp correction. A slow rise in mortgage rates may cool, rather than freeze, rising home prices. Sustained economic recovery that stimulates job growth and rising household incomes could offset the gradual increase in interest rates. Household growth is likely to continue over the long term due to immigration and the subsequent demand for housing. The importance of the prices and demand for housing for states lies in two dimensions. A robust housing market in a particular area tends to enrich the state. With rising property values causing the “wealth effect”(when the increase in personal asset values makes people feel richer), households increase their expenditures on goods and services. This generates income for housing-related goods and services, as well as income related to refinancing and new construction. Also, real estate tax revenues are generated for state and local budgets, which has led to windfalls for many states and localities. As a result, these governments are able to increase expenditures on public services, including education and infrastructure projects. The downside of booming demand and high housing prices is that businesses are more likely to bypass these highpriced localities as they seek to attract workers, who, in turn, seek affordable housing. Businesses may also prefer to construct facilities where building costs are relatively lower. Included in the rankings section are median values of owner-occupied housing units in 2004 by state. While the dynamics of local housing markets are not depicted, the more expensive states for owner-occupied housing are shown. California, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia ranked the highest for median value of owner-occupied housing, while North Dakota, West Virginia, Mississippi, and Arkansas had the lowest median values.

EXPORTS Trade. Nationally, the trade balance in goods and services has deteriorated sharply since the late 1990s, largely due to rising imports; by 2004, the trade deficit had reached $617.7 billion. The deficit in goods also increased substantially. Although U.S. goods exports have continued to grow steadily, led by advanced technology products, their expansion has been overwhelmed by imports from abroad. Exports of services, which accounted for about 30 percent of all U.S. exports in 2004, have outpaced services imports, creating a small offset to the overall trade deficit. The chief American goods exported in 2004 were capital goods (excluding automotive goods) and industrial supplies, which together represented about 65 percent of all goods exports. Agricultural products exports contributed positively to the trade balance, although their share of total exports has diminished steadily over the years. In 2004, agricultural products accounted for about 4 percent of total U.S. exports. Canada and Mexico were the principal trading partners for manufactured and agricultural goods, with relations governed by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These two countries accounted for over onethird of all U.S. goods exports in 2004. China became an increasingly important export market: the amount of U.S.

goods exported to that country increased by about 80 percent from 2001 to 2004. States varied greatly in their participation in global markets, in terms of the products they export and the destinations of these products. The data in this book provide a general indication of the importance of exports to a state, but must be interpreted with caution for several reasons. First, they pertain only to goods exports; comparable data for services are not available. Second, there are no data on foreign imports by state, and thus the totality of a state’s role in international trade cannot be assessed. Third, state export data are reported by the exporter or agent and denote the state from which the merchandise actually starts its journey to the port of export. This method of calculation is called the “origin of movement,” and reflects the state of transportation origin, which may not be the state in which the merchandise was grown or manufactured. When shipments are consolidated, the state of origin will reflect the consolidation point. This effect is particularly noticeable for nonmanufactured goods, which are generally exported by intermediaries. For example, intermediaries located in inland states ship agricultural products down the Mississippi River for export from the port of New Orleans, Louisiana. In this

14

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

case, Louisiana would be reported as the state of origin. The most visible result is an understatement of agricultural exports from some states and an overstatement of these exports from Louisiana. In 2004, the largest exporting states were Texas, California, New York, Michigan, Washington, Ohio, Illinois, Florida, Massachusetts, and Louisiana. By far, the largest share of exported goods went to Canada and Mexico. California, and to a lesser extent Washington and Texas, reported substantial exports to the East Asian countries of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. New York and California had large exports to the European

Union countries. In 2004, computers and electronic products were the nation’s leading export, followed by transportation equipment, chemicals, machinery manufactures, and agricultural products. California was the leading exporter of computers and electronic products, followed by Texas. Michigan, Washington, and Texas led the nation in the export of transportation equipment. The chief exporter of chemicals and machinery manufactures was Texas. Louisiana was the top exporter of agricultural products (although this probably reflected the use of the port of New Orleans for the shipment of many products grown in other states).

Table US-15. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

731 026 656 453 26 186 48 387

693 257 622 000 26 829 44 428

723 743 644 906 31 553 47 284

817 936 727 857 34 192 55 887

100.0 89.0 4.2 6.8

3.8 3.5 9.3 4.9

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

165 345 130 233 79 034 81 513 25 779

145 848 130 897 80 504 74 945 26 661

149 993 128 854 91 017 74 925 29 401

164 200 140 439 108 484 92 674 34 247

20.1 17.2 13.3 11.3 4.2

-0.2 2.5 11.1 4.4 9.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... China .....................................................................................

637 917 163 724 101 509 57 639 40 798 19 235

605 954 160 799 97 531 51 440 33 253 22 053

633 258 169 481 97 457 52 064 33 895 28 418

710 005 189 101 110 775 54 400 35 960 34 721

86.8 23.1 13.5 6.7 4.4 4.2

3.6 4.9 3.0 -1.9 -4.1 21.8

AGRICULTURE For many years, the United States has produced an abundance of farm products with progressively fewer farms and farm workers and less acreage devoted to agriculture. These trends continued from 1997 to 2002, as reported in the most recent Census of Agriculture (taken by the Department of Agriculture every five years). The number of farms declined by 3.9 percent from 1997 to 2002. U.S. farmland acreage decreased by 1.8 percent from 1997 to 2002, which was similar to the drop from 1992 to 1997. While the market value of agricultural products sold has declined slightly since 1997, the market value per acre has increased, offsetting the decline in total acreage. Farm employment (owners and employees), as measured by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, declined by 2.8 percent over the 2001–2004 period. Employment had remained steady during the previous decade, before dropping below 3 million in 2004. However, farm employment had been decreasing as a proportion of overall employment for many years. In no state did farm employment reach 10 percent of that state’s total employment. States with the largest share of farm employment were North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Montana, and Nebraska. In each of these states, farm employment accounted for 5 percent or more of total employment. In states that led the nation in agricultural activity, such as California and Florida, farm employment constituted a relatively low share of overall employment. Farm employment statistics do not measure the total

importance of agriculture to a state’s economy, as additional employment and income are generated by the provision of agricultural services, the processing of agricultural products in the manufacturing sector, and the sales of farm supplies and equipment. In federal statistics, a farm is defined as any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were proTable US-16. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ...................................................................... Land in farms (acres) ...............................................................

2 215 876 954 752 502

2 128 982 938 279 056

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) .................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ............................................................ 50 to 499 acres .................................................................... 500 acres or more ................................................................

431

441

33.2 50.7 16.1

34.9 49.2 15.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm ............................. Average value per acre ........................................................ Machinery and equipment average value per farm .................

416 007 967 53 861

537 833 1 213 66 570

201 379 812 100 668 794 100 711 018 90 880

200 646 355 95 151 954 105 494 401 94 245

55.3 28.7 15.9

59.3 26.0 14.6

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) ............................................. Percent of farms receiving government payments ..................

5 294 384 38.7

6 545 678 33.2

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ............................................................................

47.1

57.5

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ........................................................ Crops ................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products .................................. Average per farm (dollars) ....................................................... Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ............................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 .............................................................. $100,000 or more ................................................................

UNITED STATES—ENERGY

duced or sold. Thus, the total number of farms included many for which farming generated only a minor fraction of household income. In 2002, almost 60 percent of all farms had sales of less than $10,000, and about 43 percent of all farm owners reported a principal occupation other than farming. Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota had the highest proportions of farm operators reporting farming as their principal occupation. All three states had proportions exceeding 70 percent, compared with 57.5 percent nationally. California had the largest overall number of individuals reporting farming as their principal occupation. In terms of sales, the 15 percent of farms that had cash receipts above $100,000 accounted for more than 85 percent of sales. For the first time, the Census of Agriculture collected data on certified organically produced commodities, which were valued at $392.8 billion. This represented only 0.2 percent of the total value of agricultural products in 2002, but this proportion is likely to increase in future years. ENERGY In 2004, total energy consumption in the United States was 100.4 quadrillion Btu (British thermal unit). Total consumption rose rapidly during the economic expansion in the 1990s, but leveled off as the 2001 recession slowed the economy. During the recent economic recovery, consumption resumed its upward trend. In 2004, total consumption was 4.1 percent above the 2001 level and 18.5 percent above the 1990 level. Petroleum supplied about 40 percent of the energy used, followed by natural gas (23.0 percent) and coal (22.4 percent). Electrical power was obtained from several energy sources (70 percent from fossil fuel, 20 percent from nuclear power, and 10 percent from renewable energy sources), and from international imports, mainly from Canada. Each state was likely to have an interstate flow of electricity, or net imports or exports that added to or subtracted from the state’s energy consumption. In 2001, Texas was the largest consumer of energy, ranking first in the nation for its use of natural gas, petroleum,

15

Other highlights from the 2002 Census of Agriculture included: the top five states in terms of the value of agriculture products sold were California, Texas, Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas; nearly 90 percent of farms were operated by an individual or family—the number of corporate farms declined by 18.4 percent from 1997 to 2002, reversing a trend that had continued without interruption since 1974; the average market value of land and buildings rose 29 percent from 1997 to 2002, as the average value increased by over $100,000 during the period; and the average age of the principal farmer or rancher increased to 55.3 years in 2002, up from 54.0 years in 1997. For the first time, the census collected information about multiple operators on the same farm and found that second and third operators were much younger (49.4 years and 41.9 years, respectively). Half of the nation’s farms and ranches had access to the Internet; nearly 39 percent reported using a computer for their farm business.

and electricity. Its high ranking was largely due to the substantial consumption by Texas’s industrial sector. (California ranked second.) In terms of per capita energy consumption, Alaska ranked first, due to its mining operations and heating requirements, followed by Wyoming (mining), Louisiana, North Dakota, and Texas. Rhode Island, New York, and California ranked the lowest in this category. The District of Columbia, Hawaii, and Massachusetts paid the highest prices per Btu, while Louisiana, Alaska, and North Dakota had the lowest energy prices. In terms of per capita expenditures, which included direct purchases of energy by households as well as indirect costs related to items that use energy as an intermediate input, Wyoming paid the most (an average of $4,702 per person in 2001), compared with the U.S. average of $2,433 per person. Florida and Utah had the lowest per capita costs at less than $2,000 per person.

Table US-17. Energy Production and Consumption, Selected Years 1975–2004 (Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution, and dollars.) Item

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Energy Overview (Quadrillion Btu) Total energy production ............................................................. Total energy imports .................................................................. Total energy exports .................................................................. Total energy adjustments ..........................................................

61.4 14.0 2.3 -1.1

67.2 15.8 3.7 -1.1

67.6 11.8 4.2 1.2

70.8 18.8 4.8 -0.1

71.2 22.3 4.5 2.3

71.3 29.0 4.0 2.7

71.9 30.2 3.8 -1.8

70.8 29.4 3.7 1.4

70.0 31.1 4.1 1.3

70.2 33.5 4.4 1.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ................................................................................. Commercial ............................................................................... Industrial .................................................................................... Transportation ...........................................................................

20.6 13.1 40.9 25.3

20.2 13.5 41.1 25.2

20.8 15.0 37.9 26.3

20.0 15.7 37.7 26.7

20.5 16.1 37.2 26.3

20.7 17.3 35.0 27.0

21.0 17.9 33.9 27.2

21.3 17.8 33.4 27.4

21.5 17.7 33.2 27.6

21.1 17.5 33.4 27.9

Consumption by Source (Quadrillion Btu) Total ........................................................................................... Coal ........................................................................................... Natural gas ................................................................................ Petroleum products ................................................................... Nuclear electric power ............................................................... Hydroelectric power ................................................................... Biomass ..................................................................................... Geothermal ................................................................................ Solar .......................................................................................... Wind .......................................................................................... Other ..........................................................................................

72.0 12.7 19.9 32.7 1.9 3.2 1.5 0.1 ... ... 19.3

78.3 15.4 20.4 34.2 2.7 2.9 2.5 0.1 ... ... 23.7

76.5 17.5 17.8 30.9 4.1 3.0 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 27.7

84.7 19.2 19.7 33.6 6.1 3.0 2.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 31.4

91.2 20.1 22.8 34.6 7.1 3.2 3.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 34.0

99.0 22.6 23.9 38.4 7.9 2.8 2.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 36.8

96.5 21.9 22.9 38.3 8.0 2.2 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 35.4

97.9 21.9 23.6 38.4 8.1 2.7 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 36.0

98.3 22.3 23.1 39.0 8.0 2.8 2.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 36.4

100.4 22.5 23.1 40.6 8.2 2.7 2.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 37.0

Consumption Per Dollar of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP (billions of chained 2000 dollars) ...................................... Total consumption per dollar of GDP ........................................ Petroleum and natural gas consumption per dollar of GDP ...... Other energy consumption per dollar of GDP ...........................

4 311.2 16.7 12.2 4.5

5 161.7 15.2 10.6 4.6

6 053.7 12.6 8.1 4.6

7 112.5 11.9 7.5 4.4

8 031.7 11.4 7.1 4.2

9 817.0 10.1 6.4 3.8

9 890.7 9.8 6.2 3.6

10 048.8 9.7 6.2 3.6

10 320.6 9.5 6.0 3.5

10 755.7 9.3 5.9 3.4

. . . = Not available.

16

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

GOVERNMENT FINANCE Since the 2001 recession and the subsequent recovery, state and local government budgets have used their rising revenues to increase expenditures on services. In many states, these had been put on hold by budget shortfalls that occured during the recession. The brighter state budget picture, together with increased funds from the federal government, provided states with stronger job growth and increased economic activity. Table US-18. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

Dollars per capita

TOTAL REVENUE .............................................

1 295 658 820

100.0

4 464.2

General Revenue .............................................. Intergovernmental revenue ................................ Taxes ................................................................. General sales ................................................. Selective sales ............................................... License taxes ................................................. Individual income tax ...................................... Corporate income tax ..................................... Other taxes ..................................................... Current charges ................................................. Miscellaneous general revenue ......................... Utility revenue .................................................... Liquor store revenue .......................................... Insurance trust revenue .....................................

1 112 349 024 361 617 049 548 990 867 184 596 707 89 214 514 35 863 173 181 932 513 28 384 474 28 999 486 106 356 917 95 384 191 12 517 945 4 517 992 166 273 859

85.9 27.9 42.4 14.2 6.9 2.8 14.0 2.2 2.2 8.2 7.4 1.0 0.3 12.8

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6 43.1 15.6 572.9

TOTAL EXPENDITURE .....................................

1 359 048 379

100.0

4 682.6

Intergovernmental Expenditure ...................... Direct expenditure .............................................. Current operation ........................................... Capital outlay ................................................. Insurance benefits and repayments ............... Assistance and subsidies ............................... Interest on debt ..............................................

382 196 570 976 851 809 656 989 385 91 942 748 168 978 731 25 900 969 33 039 976

28.1 71.9 48.3 6.8 12.4 1.9 2.4

1 316.9 3 365.8 2 263.7 316.8 582.2 89.2 113.8

General Expenditure ........................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .......................... Direct expenditure ..............................................

1 163 968 202 382 196 570 781 771 632

85.6 28.1 57.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education ........................................................... Public welfare ..................................................... Hospitals ............................................................ Health ................................................................. Highways ............................................................ Police protection ................................................. Correction ........................................................... Natural resources ............................................... Parks and recreation .......................................... Government administration ................................ Interest on general debt ..................................... Other and unallocable ........................................

411 093 625 314 406 504 38 394 884 50 220 638 85 726 099 11 144 395 39 187 839 18 576 793 5 843 656 43 908 538 31 294 763 114 170 468

30.2 23.1 2.8 3.7 2.1 7.8 7.0 100.0 28.1 57.5 30.2 23.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR ....................

697 929 028

X

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS .................

2 594 215 994

X

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

Federal role. State and local budgets are substantially augmented by federal government expenditures or obligations. Data from the Census Bureau’s Consolidated Federal Funds Report for Fiscal Year 2004, State and County Areas (described in the notes and definitions), provide some salient features on grants and expenditures, wages and salaries (discussed in the labor market section), procurement contracts, direct payments to individuals largely transfer payments (discussed in the personal income section), other direct payments, and insurance payments (the latter two categories include disaster relief). The federal government’s largest expenditures to states were transfer payments for Social Security retirement and disability, Medicare, and Medicaid. However, expenditures by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Homeland Security have risen sharply

since 2001. In fiscal year 2004, federal government grants by these two departments totaled over $8 billion. The DoD’s purchases represented more than two-thirds of procurement expenditures. By far, the largest grant recipient from DoD was California, followed by Maryland, Pennsylvania, Florida, and Texas. For homeland security, the largest grant recipients were New York, Texas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Alabama. For procurement from the DoD, California, Texas, Virginia, Florida, and Maryland were the top states. State expenditures and revenues. In fiscal year 2003, total state spending amounted to over $1,359 billion. Total state revenue was nearly $1,296 billion, causing states in aggregate to run budget deficits. The largest expenditure item was education, which accounted for about 30 percent of spending. About one-third of state spending was transferred to localities, a significant revenue-sharing process developed that strengthened local government budgets. Localities, in turn, spent a large proportion of their funds on elementary and secondary education, public safety, and health care. State general revenues were generated by taxes and federal transfers. Of the taxes, sales and individual income taxes were the most important. Total taxes per capita in fiscal year 2004 were the highest in Hawaii, Wyoming, Connecticut, Minnesota, and Delaware, and the lowest in Texas, South Dakota, Colorado, New Hampshire, and Alabama. However, these total tax per capita data conceal a wide variety of revenue sources among states. Some states, such as Connecticut, relied on the collection of individual income taxes, while others, including Hawaii, raised more revenue from sales taxes, a substantial portion of which were paid by nonresident visiting tourists. Wyoming increased its revenue per person through severance taxes, which were imposed on the removal of natural resources such as gas, coal, other minerals, and timber. Table US-19. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Item

Thousands of dollars

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................

593 488 853

100.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................

11 410 018

1.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................... General sales and gross receipts ............................... Selective sales taxes .................................................. Alcoholic beverages ................................................ Amusements ........................................................... Insurance premiums ............................................... Motor fuels .............................................................. Public utilities .......................................................... Tobacco products ................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................

294 104 344 198 431 303 95 673 041 4 614 804 4 990 713 13 775 340 33 605 402 11 482 059 12 300 310 14 602 534

49.6 33.4 16.1 0.8 0.8 2.3 5.7 1.9 2.1 2.5

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................... Corporation ................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ...

39 541 021 6 339 370 17 412 024 10 881 425

6.7 1.1 2.9 1.8

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ............................................................... Individual income ........................................................ Corporation net income ............................................... Death and gift .............................................................. Documentary and stock transfer ................................. Severance ...................................................................

248 433 470 197 421 360 30 801 302 5 734 958 7 943 598 6 304 829

41.9 33.3 5.2 1.0 1.3 1.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1 21.5

Percent distribution

Dollars per capita

2 024.8

UNITED STATES—EDUCATION

EDUCATION Data on the proportion of the population age 25 years and over who have received high school diplomas or bachelor’s degrees provide general education indicators. However, these data do not measure the quality of the education received. There are many quality measures, but few can be agreed upon by the whole of the educational community. However, information on per student expenditures and teachers’ salaries provides some, albeit incomplete, measures of the educational efforts being undertaken. Missing from these data are information on the quantity and quality of school construction and the condition of school facilities, including libraries. It is beyond the scope of this publication to present information on the type of studies undertaken to determine the quality of education in the United States. In light of trends that are expected to influence the skills of the future workforce and international competitiveness, it is important to note that recent data show that degrees related to technology, mathematics, and sciences, as a proportion of all degrees, seem to be lagging behind earlier groups of students and behind major competitors elsewhere in the world. On the positive side, the latest information from the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) shows that, in 2003, 93 percent of all public elementary and secondary school classrooms had access to the Internet, with most utilizing high-speed access. Educational attainment. The percentage of the population that completed high school and college refers to the entire population age 25 years and over and includes older persons who, on average, had less education than younger generations. In 2004, 85.2 percent of the population had completed high school and 27.7 percent were college graduates. Not surprisingly, the younger members of this age spectrum (age 25–29 years) were more highly educated than their elders. As a result, the educational attainment level of the U.S. population has increased steadily in recent years. As recently as 1995, only 81 percent of the population had graduated from high school and 23 percent had graduated from college. Blacks narrowed the achievement gap with their White counterparts over this period, although a large disparity still remains; Hispanics made smaller gains in educational attainment. All states saw large gains in their high school graduation rates. In 2004, Minnesota led the nation in this category, followed closely by Montana, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Utah. Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and West Virginia had the lowest rates of high school attainment. In the case of West Virginia, this may be partly due to its large proportion of residents age 65 years and over. Educational attainment levels in Texas reflected its large immigrant population, much of which came from countries with fewer educational opportunities. States with high rates of high school graduates did not necessarily have high rates of college graduates. The District of Columbia had the highest rate of college graduates, reflecting its urbanized population and its high level of professional employment opportunities in government and in the private sector. The city was followed by Massachusetts, Colorado, and New Hampshire. The lowest college attainment rates were found in West Virginia, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Elementary and secondary education. Reflecting the

17

fact that all states require children to attend school from age 6 to 16 years, enrollment rates were over 90 percent for those age 5–17 years (grades K–12). Most were enrolled in public schools—only 10 percent attended private (fee-paying) schools. Only Delaware, the District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and Louisiana had private school enrollment rates of more than 15 percent. According to the NCES, the average number of students per teacher was 15.9 in public K–12 schools, a figure that has edged up in recent years. Utah, Arizona, California, and Oregon had the highest ratios; Vermont, Maine, Alabama, and New Jersey had the lowest. It should be noted, however, that the student/teacher ratio does not measure average class size, which is the number of students assigned to a classroom for instructional purposes. The student/teacher ratio reflects other factors, such as changes in enrollments, teacher remuneration, and public policies and program priorities. The average public school teacher salary for 2003–2004 was $46,752. Average salaries ranged from $57,337 in Connecticut and $57,009 in the District of Columbia to $33,236 in South Dakota and $35,061 in Oklahoma. In general, relatively low salaries were found in the Plains, Southeast, and Southwest regions, perhaps reflecting lower costs of living in these areas. Total expenditures per student tended to parallel the salary rankings. However, when looking at the proportion of the school operating budget spent on classroom teaching, as opposed to expenditures on administration and support services, Maine and New York ranked highest, with states such as Utah, Nebraska, Minnesota, Georgia, Tennessee, and North Carolina coming in at well above the national average of 61.3 percent. New Mexico, Colorado, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Michigan, and Ohio were well below the national average, according to statistics from the NCES. Higher education. Information on higher education enrollments includes 2- and 4-year institutions, as well as technical and professional schools. Total enrollment in 2002, the latest year for which data are available, was 16.6 million. Just under 40 percent of those enrolled attended 2-year schools, and 60 percent of these 2-year institutions were public schools. For all higher education institutions, about 60 percent of students attended full-time. The number of part-time enrollees has risen significantly in recent years, perhaps reflecting the sharp increase in tuition costs and the subsequent need to work while attending college. Table US-20. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.) Item

U.S.

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 ............

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ............................................. Percent college graduate or more ....................................................

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ................................................................................... Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch ......... Percent of students who were English language learners ............ Total schools .................................................................................... Student/teacher ratio ........................................................................ Per student expenditures ..................................................................

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ................................................................................ Bachelor’s degrees awarded ............................................................ Percent women .............................................................................

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

18

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

VOTER PARTICIPATION The percentage of eligible voters who participated in nationwide elections in the United States was relatively low compared to other industrialized democracies. In the presidential election years of 2000 and 2004, 54.7 percent and 58.3 percent of eligible voters, respectively, reported voting, as compared with over 61 percent in 1992. The highest rates of voter participation were among those age 65 years and over in both elections, with 67.6 percent and 68.9 percent of this age group casting votes in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Despite an increase in the proportion of voters from the 2000 to the 2004 election, young people age 18 to 24 years had substantially lower voter turnout. In non-presidential election years, voter partici-

pation fell off significantly among all age groups, although less so among elderly voters age 65 years and over. Voter participation rates rose with educational attainment levels, with those holding college degrees having the highest rates. More women than men tended to vote, as did higher proportions of Whites than Blacks. Hispanics had very low participation rates. Regionally, the Midwest led the country in turnout in both 2000 and 2004, as well as for the mid-term elections, followed by the Northeast and South. Perhaps because of the time zone difference, the West lagged behind the rest of country. State comparisons appear in the ranking tables.

Table US-21. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

202 609 97 087 105 523

186 366 88 758 97 608

92.0 91.4 92.5

129 549 60 356 69 193

63.9 62.2 65.6

110 826 51 542 59 284

54.7 53.1 56.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

215 694 103 812 111 882

197 005 94 147 102 858

91.3 90.7 91.9

142 070 66 406 75 663

65.9 64.0 67.6

125 736 58 455 67 281

58.3 56.3 60.1

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

176 618 151 410 24 910 9 291 27 129 179 050 153 399 25 510 9 721

162 958 148 159 23 346 6 270 16 088 165 244 150 128 23 908 6 686

92.3 97.9 93.7 67.5 59.3 92.3 97.9 93.7 68.8

119 929 111 318 16 035 3 247 9 308 121 527 112 703 16 408 3 508

67.9 73.5 64.4 35.0 34.3 67.9 73.5 64.3 36.1

106 588 99 567 14 016 2 768 7 587 107 930 100 726 14 324 2 980

60.3 65.8 56.3 29.8 28.0 60.3 65.7 56.1 30.7

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

27 808 82 133 71 014 18 363 16 375

24 899 71 231 67 184 17 759 15 933

89.5 86.7 94.6 96.7 97.3

14 334 49 371 51 659 14 125 12 581

51.5 60.1 72.7 76.9 76.8

11 639 42 845 47 327 13 010 10 915

41.9 52.2 66.6 70.8 66.7

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race.

UNITED STATES—2005 DEVELOPMENTS

19

DEVELOPMENTS IN 2005—THE IMPACT OF THE HURRICANES All of the data published in this book were compiled Bank of Atlanta, nearly 40 percent of normal natural gas before Hurricanes Katrina and Rita hit the Gulf Coast and 50 percent of oil production remained off-line areas of Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and before through mid-November 2005. While gasoline prices eased Hurricane Wilma struck Florida. While there are no following the late summer spike, as more refineries went definitive estimates of the number of evacuees from back on-line, natural gas prices remained high and were these states, or of the number that have since returned, adversely impacting home heating bills across the counthe population that has left is clearly significant. try. Tourism, an important economic sector in these According to government estimates, job losses have been states, will likely be subdued in current months (which widespread, unemployment is about three times the are customarily the height of their tourist season). On the national average in the most adversely affected regions, other side of the coin, demand for new construction and and personal income growth has been sluggish in the for skilled workers and basic materials in the Gulf region states most severely impacted by the storms. Broader has been considerable, and shortages have been reported effects on the nation’s economy have been felt in terms as efforts turn from demolition and clean-up to rebuildof rising energy prices. According to the Federal Reserve ing.

POPULATION ESTIMATES 2005 In late December 2005, the Census Bureau released its population estimates as of July 2005. The demographic details will not be available until later in 2006, after the release of this publication, but it is worth noting that only four of the state rankings for population size have changed. Arizona became the 17th largest state, after ranking 18th in 2004; Indiana became 15th in size, after being 14th in 2004; Washington replaced Indiana as the 14th largest state; and Missouri became the 18th largest state after ranking 17th in 2004. In general, these data show that for the last 19 years, Nevada was the fastest-growing state in the country. In 2005, the state’s rate of growth was followed by those of Arizona, Idaho, and Florida. The South and the West (Census regions) again monopolized the list of the fastest-growing states in percentage terms: Idaho, Florida, Utah, Georgia, Texas, North Carolina, Delaware, and Oregon rounded out the top 10 fastest-growing states.

The South now accounts for 36.3 percent of the nation’s population, with the West making up 23.0 percent, the Midwest 22.3 percent, and the Northeast 18.4 percent. Florida experienced the largest numerical population growth between 2004 and 2005, followed by Texas, California, Arizona, and Georgia. These states accounted for more than half the nation’s population growth between 2004–2005. Other highlights: • The South recorded both the largest numerical increase and the fastest growth rates among the Census regions between 2004–2005. • The nation’s most populous ten states, California, Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Georgia, and New Jersey, accounted for 54 percent of the population in 2005.

RANKINGS: POPULATION, LAND, AND POPULATION DENSITY Population, 2004 State and rank

Total Land Area, 2000

Population

Population Density, 2004

Land area (square kilometers)

State and rank

State and rank

Density (per square kilometer)

United States .................

293 655 404

United States ................

9 161 924

United States ...............

32.1

1. California ......................... 2. Texas .............................. 3. New York ........................ 4. Florida ............................. 5. Illinois ..............................

35 893 799 22 490 022 19 227 088 17 397 161 12 713 634

1. Alaska ............................ 2. Texas ............................. 3. California ........................ 4. Montana ......................... 5. New Mexico ....................

1 481 347 678 051 403 933 376 979 314 309

1. District of Columbia ....... 2. New Jersey ................... 3. Rhode Island ................. 4. Massachusetts .............. 5. Connecticut ...................

3 481.3 452.8 399.3 316.0 279.2

6. Pennsylvania .................. 7. Ohio ................................ 8. Michigan ......................... 9. New Jersey ..................... 10. Georgia ...........................

12 406 292 11 459 011 10 112 620 8 829 383 8 698 879

6. Arizona ........................... 7. Nevada ........................... 8. Colorado ......................... 9. Wyoming ........................ 10. Oregon ...........................

294 312 284 448 268 627 251 489 248 631

6. Maryland ....................... 7. Delaware ....................... 8. New York ....................... 9. Florida ........................... 10. Ohio ...............................

219.6 164.1 157.2 124.6 108.0

11. North Carolina ................. 12. Virginia ............................ 13. Massachusetts ................ 14. Indiana ............................ 15. Washington .....................

8 541 221 7 459 827 6 416 505 6 237 569 6 203 788

11. Idaho .............................. 12. Utah ................................ 13. Kansas ........................... 14. Minnesota ....................... 15. Nebraska ........................

214 314 212 751 211 900 206 189 199 099

11. Pennsylvania ................. 12. California ....................... 13. Illinois ............................ 14. Hawaii ........................... 15. Virginia ..........................

106.9 88.9 88.3 75.9 72.7

16. Tennessee ...................... 17. Missouri .......................... 18. Wisconsin ....................... 19. Maryland ......................... 20. Arizona ............................

5 900 962 5 754 618 5 743 834 5 558 058 5 509 026

16. South Dakota ................. 17. North Dakota .................. 18. Missouri .......................... 19. Oklahoma ....................... 20. Washington ....................

196 540 178 647 178 414 177 847 172 348

16. Michigan ........................ 17. North Carolina ............... 18. Indiana .......................... 19. Georgia ......................... 20. New Hampshire .............

68.7 67.7 67.1 58.9 55.9

21. Minnesota ....................... 22. Louisiana ........................ 23. Alabama .......................... 24. Colorado ......................... 25. Kentucky .........................

5 100 958 4 601 403 4 530 182 4 515 770 4 198 068

21. Georgia .......................... 22. Michigan ......................... 23. Iowa ................................ 24. Illinois ............................. 25. Wisconsin .......................

149 976 147 121 144 701 143 961 140 663

21. Tennessee .................... 22. South Carolina .............. 23. Kentucky ....................... 24. Louisiana ....................... 25. Wisconsin ......................

55.3 53.8 40.3 40.0 39.2

26. South Carolina ................ 27. Oklahoma ....................... 28. Oregon ............................ 29. Connecticut ..................... 30. Iowa ................................

4 145 922 3 594 586 3 523 553 3 503 604 2 954 451

26. Florida ............................ 27. Arkansas ........................ 28. Alabama ......................... 29. North Carolina ................ 30. New York ........................

139 670 134 856 131 426 126 161 122 283

26. Washington ................... 27. Alabama ........................ 28. Texas ............................ 29. Missouri ......................... 30. West Virginia .................

36.0 34.5 33.2 32.3 29.1

31. Mississippi ...................... 32. Kansas ............................ 33. Arkansas ......................... 34. Utah ................................ 35. Nevada ...........................

2 902 966 2 752 629 2 735 502 2 389 039 2 334 771

31. Mississippi ...................... 32. Pennsylvania .................. 33. Louisiana ........................ 34. Tennessee ..................... 35. Ohio ................................

121 488 116 074 112 825 106 752 106 056

31. Vermont ......................... 32. Minnesota ...................... 33. Mississippi ..................... 34. Arkansas ....................... 34. Iowa ...............................

25.9 24.7 23.9 20.4 20.4

36. New Mexico .................... 37. West Virginia ................... 38. Nebraska ........................ 39. Idaho ............................... 40. Maine ..............................

1 903 289 1 815 354 1 747 214 1 393 262 1 317 253

36. Kentucky ........................ 37. Virginia ........................... 38. Indiana ........................... 39. Maine ............................. 40. South Carolina ...............

102 896 102 548 92 895 79 931 77 983

36. Oklahoma ...................... 37. Arizona .......................... 38. Colorado ........................ 39. Maine ............................ 40. Oregon ..........................

19.8 19.5 17.1 16.5 14.5

41. New Hampshire .............. 42. Hawaii ............................. 43. Rhode Island ................... 44. Montana .......................... 45. Delaware .........................

1 299 500 1 262 840 1 080 632 926 865 830 364

41. West Virginia .................. 42. Maryland ........................ 43. Vermont .......................... 44. New Hampshire .............. 45. Massachusetts ...............

62 361 25 314 23 956 23 227 20 306

41. Kansas .......................... 42. Utah ............................... 43. Nebraska ....................... 44. Nevada .......................... 45. Idaho .............................

12.9 11.2 8.8 8.2 6.5

46. South Dakota .................. 47. North Dakota ................... 48. Alaska ............................. 49. Vermont .......................... 50. District of Columbia ......... 51. Wyoming .........................

770 883 655 435 634 366 621 394 553 523 506 529

46. New Jersey .................... 47. Hawaii ............................ 48. Connecticut .................... 49. Delaware ........................ 50. Rhode Island .................. 51. District of Columbia ........

19 211 16 635 12 548 5 060 2 706 159

46. New Mexico ................... 47. South Dakota ................ 48. North Dakota ................. 49. Montana ........................ 50. Wyoming ....................... 51. Alaska ...........................

6.1 3.9 3.6 2.5 2.0 0.4

21

22

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

RANKINGS: POPULATION CHANGE AND AGE Percent Population Change, 2000–2004 State and rank

Percent Under 18 Years Old, 2004

Percent change

State and rank

Percent under 18 years old

Percent Over 65 Years Old, 2004 State and rank

Percent over 65 years old

United States .................

4.3

United States ................

25.0

United States ................

12.4

1. Nevada ........................... 2. Arizona ............................ 3. Florida ............................. 4. Texas .............................. 4. Georgia ...........................

16.8 12.0 8.9 7.9 7.9

1. Utah ................................ 2. Alaska ............................ 3. Texas ............................. 4. Arizona ........................... 5. California ........................

31.0 28.7 27.9 26.9 26.7

1. Florida ........................... 2. Pennsylvania ................. 2. West Virginia ................. 4. Iowa ............................... 4. North Dakota .................

16.8 15.3 15.3 14.7 14.7

6. Idaho ............................... 7. Utah ................................ 7. Colorado ......................... 9. North Carolina ................. 10. California .........................

7.7 7.0 7.0 6.1 6.0

5. Idaho .............................. 7. Georgia .......................... 8. Nevada ........................... 8. New Mexico .................... 10. Louisiana ........................

26.7 26.4 25.9 25.9 25.8

6. Maine ............................ 7. South Dakota ................ 8. Rhode Island ................. 9. Arkansas ....................... 10. Montana ........................

14.4 14.2 13.9 13.8 13.7

10. Delaware ......................... 12. Virginia ............................ 13. Washington ..................... 14. New Hampshire .............. 15. Oregon ............................

6.0 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1

10. Mississippi ...................... 12. Indiana ........................... 13. Colorado ......................... 14. Illinois ............................. 15. Maryland ........................

25.8 25.7 25.6 25.5 25.1

11. Hawaii ........................... 12. Connecticut ................... 13. Massachusetts .............. 13. Missouri ......................... 13. Nebraska .......................

13.6 13.5 13.3 13.3 13.3

16. Maryland ......................... 17. South Carolina ................ 17. New Mexico .................... 19. Alaska ............................. 20. Hawaii .............................

4.9 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2

15. Michigan ......................... 17. Kansas ........................... 18. Nebraska ........................ 19. New Jersey .................... 19. North Carolina ................

25.1 25.0 24.9 24.8 24.8

13. Ohio ............................... 17. Alabama ........................ 17. Oklahoma ...................... 19. Delaware ....................... 20. Kansas ..........................

13.3 13.2 13.2 13.1 13.0

21. Tennessee ...................... 21. Minnesota ....................... 23. New Jersey ..................... 24. Maine .............................. 25. Rhode Island ...................

3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.1

19. South Dakota ................. 22. Arkansas ........................ 23. Oklahoma ....................... 23. South Carolina ............... 25. Minnesota .......................

24.8 24.6 24.4 24.4 24.3

20. New York ....................... 20. Vermont ......................... 20. Wisconsin ...................... 24. New Jersey ................... 25. Oregon ..........................

13.0 13.0 13.0 12.9 12.8

26. Arkansas ......................... 27. Connecticut ..................... 28. Missouri .......................... 29. Montana .......................... 29. Wisconsin .......................

3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7

25. Ohio ................................ 27. Alabama ......................... 27. Virginia ........................... 29. Missouri .......................... 30. Washington ....................

24.3 24.2 24.2 24.1 24.0

26. Arizona .......................... 27. Kentucky ....................... 27. Tennessee .................... 29. Indiana .......................... 29. South Carolina ..............

12.7 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.4

31. Indiana ............................ 31. Wyoming ......................... 31. Kentucky ......................... 34. Illinois .............................. 35. South Dakota ..................

2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.1

31. Connecticut .................... 32. New York ........................ 33. Hawaii ............................ 33. Oregon ........................... 33. Wisconsin .......................

23.9 23.8 23.7 23.7 23.7

31. Michigan ........................ 32. Mississippi ..................... 33. District of Columbia ....... 33. Minnesota ...................... 33. New Hampshire .............

12.3 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1

35. Oklahoma ....................... 35. Nebraska ........................ 35. Vermont .......................... 39. Mississippi ...................... 40. Alabama ..........................

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9

36. Kentucky ........................ 36. Tennessee ..................... 38. New Hampshire .............. 39. Delaware ........................ 40. Wyoming ........................

23.6 23.6 23.5 23.3 23.1

33. New Mexico ................... 33. North Carolina ............... 33. Wyoming ....................... 39. Illinois ............................ 40. Louisiana .......................

12.1 12.1 12.1 12.0 11.7

41. Michigan ......................... 41. Kansas ............................ 43. New York ........................ 44. Massachusetts ................ 45. Louisiana ........................

1.8 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.0

41. Florida ............................ 41. Iowa ................................ 43. Pennsylvania .................. 44. Massachusetts ............... 45. Rhode Island ..................

23.0 23.0 22.9 22.8 22.6

41. Idaho ............................. 41. Maryland ....................... 41. Virginia .......................... 44. Washington ................... 45. Nevada ..........................

11.4 11.4 11.4 11.3 11.2

45. Pennsylvania .................. 45. Iowa ................................ 48. Ohio ................................ 49. West Virginia ................... 50. North Dakota ................... 51. District of Columbia .........

1.0 1.0 0.9 0.4 -1.2 -3.2

46. Montana ......................... 47. North Dakota .................. 48. Vermont .......................... 49. Maine ............................. 50. West Virginia .................. 51. District of Columbia ........

22.5 21.9 21.7 21.4 21.2 19.8

46. California ....................... 47. Texas ............................ 48. Colorado ........................ 49. Georgia ......................... 50. Utah ............................... 51. Alaska ...........................

10.7 9.9 9.8 9.6 8.7 6.4

UNITED STATES—RANKINGS

RANKINGS: RACE AND ETHNICITY Percent Non-Hispanic Black Alone, 2004

Percent Non-Hispanic White Alone, 2004 State and rank

Percent non-Hispanic White alone

State and rank

Percent American Indian, Alaska Native Alone, 2004

Percent non-Hispanic Black alone

State and rank

Percent American Indian, Alaska Native alone

United States .................

67.4

United States .................

12.2

United States .............

0.8

1. Maine .............................. 2. Vermont .......................... 3. West Virginia ................... 4. New Hampshire .............. 5. Iowa ................................

96.1 96.0 94.4 94.3 91.7

1. District of Columbia ......... 2. Mississippi ...................... 3. Louisiana ........................ 4. Georgia ........................... 5. South Carolina ................

56.7 36.6 32.8 29.2 29.1

1. Alaska ......................... 2. New Mexico ................ 3. South Dakota .............. 4. Oklahoma ................... 5. Montana ......................

15.5 9.2 8.5 7.8 6.2

6. North Dakota ................... 7. Montana .......................... 8. Kentucky ......................... 9. Wyoming ......................... 10. Idaho ...............................

91.1 89.1 88.7 88.6 87.2

6. Maryland ......................... 7. Alabama .......................... 8. North Carolina ................. 9. Delaware ......................... 10. Virginia ............................

28.6 6. North Dakota ............... 26.2 7. Arizona ........................ 21.5 8. Wyoming ..................... 19.9 9. Washington ................. 19.5 10. Idaho ...........................

5.1 4.5 2.2 1.5 1.2

11. South Dakota .................. 12. Minnesota ....................... 13. Wisconsin ....................... 14. Nebraska ........................ 15. Indiana ............................

87.1 86.7 86.2 85.7 84.6

11. Tennessee ...................... 12. Arkansas ......................... 13. New York ........................ 14. Florida ............................. 15. Illinois ..............................

16.7 15.6 15.1 14.9 14.8

10. North Carolina ............. 10. Utah ............................ 13. Minnesota ................... 13. Oregon ........................ 15. Nevada .......................

1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0

16. Utah ................................ 17. Ohio ................................ 18. Missouri .......................... 19. Pennsylvania .................. 20. Oregon ............................

83.8 83.3 83.1 82.9 82.0

16. Michigan ......................... 17. New Jersey ..................... 18. Ohio ................................ 19. Missouri .......................... 20. Texas ..............................

14.2 13.3 11.7 11.4 11.3

16. Wisconsin ................... 17. Kansas ........................ 17. Nebraska .................... 19. Colorado ..................... 20. Arkansas .....................

0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6

21. Kansas ............................ 22. Massachusetts ................ 23. Rhode Island ................... 24. Michigan ......................... 24. Tennessee ......................

81.9 80.8 80.5 78.1 78.1

21. Pennsylvania .................. 22. Connecticut ..................... 23. Indiana ............................ 24. Oklahoma ....................... 25. Kentucky .........................

10.1 9.1 8.6 7.5 7.4

20. Louisiana .................... 20. Maine .......................... 23. Alabama ...................... 23. California ..................... 23. Michigan .....................

0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5

26. Washington ..................... 27. Arkansas ......................... 28. Connecticut ..................... 29. Oklahoma ....................... 30. Colorado .........................

77.5 77.2 75.9 72.9 72.5

26. Nevada ........................... 27. California ......................... 28. Wisconsin ....................... 29. Kansas ............................ 29. Massachusetts ................

7.0 6.3 5.8 5.7 5.7

26. Mississippi .................. 26. Missouri ...................... 26. Rhode Island ............... 26. Vermont ...................... 30. Delaware .....................

0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3

31. Delaware ......................... 32. Alabama .......................... 33. Virginia ............................ 34. North Carolina ................. 35. Alaska .............................

70.2 69.5 68.7 68.6 66.9

31. Rhode Island ................... 32. Nebraska ........................ 33. Minnesota ....................... 34. Colorado ......................... 35. Alaska .............................

4.8 4.1 4.0 3.7 3.4

30. Florida ......................... 30. Iowa ............................ 30. Maryland ..................... 30. New York .................... 30. South Carolina ............

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

36. Illinois .............................. 37. South Carolina ................ 38. New Jersey ..................... 39. Florida ............................. 40. Louisiana ........................

66.2 65.6 63.8 62.8 61.8

36. Washington ..................... 37. West Virginia ................... 38. Arizona ............................ 39. Iowa ................................ 40. Hawaii .............................

3.3 3.2 3.1 2.2 2.0

30. Texas .......................... 30. Virginia ........................ 38. Connecticut ................. 38. District of Columbia ..... 38. Georgia .......................

0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2

41. Nevada ........................... 42. Arizona ............................ 42. New York ........................ 44. Georgia ........................... 45. Mississippi ......................

61.2 61.1 61.1 60.2 59.9

41. New Mexico .................... 42. Oregon ............................ 43. New Hampshire .............. 43. Utah ................................ 43. Wyoming .........................

1.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8

38. Hawaii ......................... 38. Illinois .......................... 38. Indiana ........................ 38. Kentucky ..................... 38. Massachusetts ............

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

46. Maryland ......................... 47. Texas .............................. 48. California ......................... 49. New Mexico .................... 50. District of Columbia ......... 51. Hawaii .............................

59.8 49.8 44.5 43.5 30.3 23.3

46. Maine .............................. 46. North Dakota ................... 46. South Dakota .................. 49. Vermont .......................... 50. Idaho ............................... 51. Montana ..........................

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3

38. New Hampshire .......... 38. Ohio ............................ 38. Tennessee .................. 38. West Virginia ............... 50. New Jersey ................. 50. Pennsylvania ..............

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

23

24

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

RANKINGS: RACE ETHNICITY, AND INCOME Percent Asian and Pacific Islander Alone, 2004 State and rank

Percent Hispanic or Latino,1 2004

Percent Asian and Pacific Islander alone

State and rank

Percent Hispanic or Latino1

Median Household Income, 2004 State and rank

Dollars

United States .................

4.2

United States .................

14.1

United States ...............

44 684

1. Hawaii ............................. 2. California ......................... 3. New Jersey ..................... 4. Washington ..................... 5. New York ........................

49.4 12.1 6.9 6.6 6.4

1. New Mexico .................... 2. California ......................... 3. Texas .............................. 4. Arizona ............................ 5. Nevada ...........................

43.3 34.7 34.6 28.0 22.8

1. New Jersey ................... 2. Connecticut ................... 3. Maryland ....................... 4. Alaska ........................... 5. Massachusetts ..............

61 359 60 528 57 424 57 027 55 658

6. Nevada ........................... 7. Alaska ............................. 8. Maryland ......................... 8. Massachusetts ................ 10. Virginia ............................

5.8 5.0 4.6 4.6 4.4

6. Colorado ......................... 7. Florida ............................. 8. New York ........................ 9. New Jersey ..................... 10. Illinois ..............................

19.1 19.0 16.0 14.9 14.0

6. New Hampshire ............. 7. Hawaii ........................... 8. Virginia .......................... 9. California ....................... 10. Minnesota ......................

55 580 53 554 51 689 51 185 50 860

11. Illinois .............................. 12. Oregon ............................ 13. Minnesota ....................... 14. Texas .............................. 15. Connecticut .....................

3.9 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.1

11. Connecticut ..................... 11. Utah ................................ 13. Rhode Island ................... 14. Oregon ............................ 15. Idaho ...............................

10.6 10.6 10.3 9.5 8.9

11. Delaware ....................... 12. Illinois ............................ 13. Rhode Island ................. 14. Colorado ........................ 15. Washington ...................

50 315 48 953 48 722 48 198 47 659

16. District of Columbia ......... 17. Rhode Island ................... 18. Delaware ......................... 18. Georgia ........................... 20. Colorado .........................

3.0 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5

16. District of Columbia ........ 16. Washington ..................... 18. Kansas ............................ 19. Hawaii ............................. 20. Massachusetts ................

8.5 8.5 8.1 7.9 7.7

16. New York ....................... 17. Utah ............................... 18. District of Columbia ....... 19. Vermont ......................... 20. Wisconsin ......................

47 349 47 074 46 574 46 543 45 315

20. Utah ................................ 22. Michigan ......................... 22. Pennsylvania .................. 24. Arizona ............................ 24. Kansas ............................

2.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.1

21. Nebraska ........................ 22. Georgia ........................... 23. Wyoming ......................... 24. Oklahoma ....................... 25. North Carolina .................

6.9 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.1

21. Michigan ........................ 22. Nevada .......................... 23. Wyoming ....................... 24. Georgia ......................... 25. Pennsylvania .................

44 905 44 646 44 275 43 037 42 941

26. Florida ............................. 27. Wisconsin ....................... 28. New Hampshire .............. 28. North Carolina ................. 30. Oklahoma .......................

2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6

26. Delaware ......................... 27. Virginia ............................ 28. Maryland ......................... 29. Alaska ............................. 30. Arkansas .........................

5.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.4

26. Ohio ............................... 27. Indiana .......................... 28. Maine ............................ 29. Arizona .......................... 30. Oregon ..........................

42 240 42 195 42 163 41 995 41 794

31. Nebraska ........................ 32. Iowa ................................ 32. Louisiana ........................ 32. Ohio ................................ 35. Missouri ..........................

1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

31. Indiana ............................ 31. Wisconsin ....................... 33. Pennsylvania .................. 34. Michigan ......................... 35. Iowa ................................

4.3 4.3 3.8 3.7 3.5

31. Texas ............................ 32. Nebraska ....................... 33. Kansas .......................... 34. Missouri ......................... 35. Iowa ...............................

41 759 41 657 41 638 41 473 41 350

36. Indiana ............................ 36. New Mexico .................... 36. Tennessee ...................... 39. Idaho ............................... 39. South Carolina ................

1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1

35. Minnesota ....................... 37. South Carolina ................ 38. Louisiana ........................ 38. Tennessee ...................... 40. Missouri ..........................

3.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.6

36. Florida ........................... 37. Idaho ............................. 38. South Carolina .............. 39. North Dakota ................. 40. North Carolina ...............

41 236 39 934 39 837 39 447 39 428

41. Arkansas ......................... 41. Vermont .......................... 43. Kentucky ......................... 44. Alabama .......................... 44. Maine ..............................

1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8

41. Montana .......................... 42. Alabama .......................... 42. Ohio ................................ 44. New Hampshire .............. 45. South Dakota ..................

2.4 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0

41. Tennessee .................... 42. South Dakota ................ 43. Alabama ........................ 44. New Mexico ................... 45. Oklahoma ......................

38 794 38 472 36 709 36 043 35 357

46. Mississippi ...................... 46. North Dakota ................... 46. South Dakota .................. 46. Wyoming ......................... 50. Montana .......................... 50. West Virginia ...................

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6

46. Kentucky ......................... 47. Mississippi ...................... 48. North Dakota ................... 49. Vermont .......................... 50. Maine .............................. 51. West Virginia ...................

1.9 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.9 0.8

46. Kentucky ....................... 47. Montana ........................ 48. Louisiana ....................... 49. Arkansas ....................... 50. Mississippi ..................... 51. West Virginia .................

35 269 35 239 35 110 32 983 31 642 31 504

1

May be of any race.

25

UNITED STATES—RANKINGS

RANKINGS: HEALTH Infant Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002

Birth Rate, 2003 State and rank

Birth rate (per 1,000 population)

State and rank

Population Lacking Health Insurance, 2004

Infant deaths (per 1,000 live births)

State and rank

Percent of population

United States ...............

14.1

United States ...............

6.9

United States ...............

15.7

1. Utah ............................... 2. Texas ............................ 3. Arizona .......................... 4. Idaho ............................. 5. Georgia .........................

21.2 17.1 16.3 16.0 15.7

1. District of Columbia ....... 2. Mississippi ..................... 3. Louisiana ....................... 4. Delaware ....................... 5. Alabama ........................

11.4 10.5 9.8 9.6 9.3

1. Texas ............................ 2. New Mexico ................... 3. Florida ........................... 3. Oklahoma ...................... 5. Montana ........................

25.0 21.0 19.9 19.9 19.1

6. Alaska ........................... 7. California ....................... 7. Colorado ........................ 9. Nevada .......................... 10. Nebraska .......................

15.5 15.2 15.2 15.0 14.9

6. South Carolina .............. 6. Tennessee .................... 8. Georgia ......................... 9. North Carolina ............... 10. Arkansas .......................

9.0 9.0 8.7 8.4 8.3

6. California ....................... 7. Nevada .......................... 8. Georgia ......................... 9. Louisiana ....................... 10. Arizona ..........................

18.7 18.5 17.4 17.2 17.1

11. New Mexico ................... 12. Mississippi ..................... 13. Kansas .......................... 13. Louisiana ....................... 13. Oklahoma ......................

14.8 14.7 14.5 14.5 14.5

11. Michigan ........................ 12. Oklahoma ...................... 13. West Virginia ................. 14. Illinois ............................ 14. North Dakota .................

8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.8

10. Mississippi ..................... 12. Alaska ........................... 12. Colorado ........................ 14. Oregon .......................... 15. Arkansas .......................

17.1 17.0 17.0 16.5 16.4

16. Hawaii ........................... 16. Illinois ............................ 16. South Dakota ................ 19. North Carolina ............... 20. Indiana ..........................

14.4 14.4 14.4 14.1 14.0

16. Indiana .......................... 16. Maryland ....................... 16. Missouri ......................... 16. Ohio ............................... 20. Pennsylvania .................

7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.3

15. West Virginia ................. 17. North Carolina ............... 18. Idaho ............................. 19. New Jersey ................... 20. South Carolina ..............

16.4 15.7 15.4 15.3 14.7

21. Arkansas ....................... 21. Delaware ....................... 23. Minnesota ...................... 24. Virginia .......................... 25. Maryland .......................

13.9 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6

21. Florida ........................... 21. Hawaii ........................... 21. Virginia .......................... 24. Kansas .......................... 24. Nebraska .......................

7.2 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.0

21. Maryland ....................... 22. Delaware ....................... 23. Virginia .......................... 24. Kentucky ....................... 25. Indiana ..........................

14.6 14.5 14.4 14.3 14.2

26. District of Columbia ....... 26. Missouri ......................... 26. New Jersey ................... 26. Tennessee .................... 30. Kentucky .......................

13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.4

26. Montana ........................ 26. Wisconsin ...................... 28. Alaska ........................... 29. Arizona .......................... 29. Kentucky .......................

6.9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7

25. New York ....................... 27. Tennessee .................... 27. Utah ............................... 29. Illinois ............................ 29. Wyoming .......................

14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0

30. South Carolina .............. 30. Wyoming ....................... 33. Alabama ........................ 33. New York ....................... 35. Ohio ...............................

13.4 13.4 13.2 13.2 13.1

29. Rhode Island ................. 32. Idaho ............................. 33. Wyoming ....................... 34. Connecticut ................... 34. New Mexico ...................

6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4

31. Alabama ........................ 32. District of Columbia ....... 33. Washington ................... 34. Missouri ......................... 35. South Dakota ................

13.5 13.3 13.0 12.6 12.0

35. Washington ................... 37. Iowa ............................... 37. Michigan ........................ 39. Oregon .......................... 40. Wisconsin ......................

13.1 13.0 13.0 12.9 12.8

34. South Dakota ................ 37. New Jersey ................... 37. New York ....................... 39. Colorado ........................ 39. Nevada ..........................

6.4 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0

36. Pennsylvania ................. 37. Massachusetts .............. 37. New Hampshire ............. 39. Connecticut ................... 39. Michigan ........................

11.9 11.7 11.7 11.6 11.6

41. North Dakota ................. 42. Florida ........................... 42. Massachusetts .............. 44. Montana ........................ 45. Connecticut ...................

12.6 12.5 12.5 12.4 12.3

41. Texas ............................ 42. Iowa ............................... 43. Minnesota ...................... 43. Oregon .......................... 43. Vermont .........................

5.9 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5

41. Nebraska ....................... 41. Ohio ............................... 41. Rhode Island ................. 44. North Dakota ................. 44. Vermont .........................

11.4 11.4 11.4 11.2 11.2

45. Rhode Island ................. 47. Pennsylvania ................. 48. West Virginia ................. 49. New Hampshire ............. 50. Maine ............................ 50. Vermont .........................

12.3 11.8 11.6 11.2 10.6 10.6

43. Washington ................... 47. California ....................... 48. Utah ............................... 49. Maine ............................ 50. New Hampshire ............. 51. Massachusetts ..............

5.5 5.4 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.8

46. Kansas .......................... 47. Wisconsin ...................... 48. Maine ............................ 49. Hawaii ........................... 50. Iowa ............................... 51. Minnesota ......................

11.1 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.5 8.9

26

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

RANKINGS: EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY Employment Growth, 2001–2004 State and rank

Percent change

Unemployment Rate, 2004 State and rank

Poverty Rate, 2004

Percent unemployed

State and rank

Percent below the povery level

United States ................

1.8

United States ...............

5.5

United States ...............

13.1

1. Nevada ........................... 2. Alaska ............................ 2. Arizona ........................... 4. Florida ............................ 5. New Mexico ....................

11.0 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.2

1. District of Columbia ....... 2. Alaska ........................... 3. Oregon .......................... 4. Michigan ........................ 5. South Carolina ..............

8.2 7.5 7.4 7.1 6.8

1. Mississippi ..................... 2. Louisiana ....................... 3. New Mexico ................... 4. District of Columbia ....... 5. Arkansas .......................

21.6 19.4 19.3 18.9 17.9

6. Hawaii ............................ 6. Montana ......................... 8. Wyoming ........................ 9. Idaho .............................. 10. Maryland ........................

5.4 5.4 5.0 4.9 3.7

6. California ....................... 6. Illinois ............................ 6. Mississippi ..................... 6. Washington ................... 10. Ohio ...............................

6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1

5. West Virginia ................. 7. Kentucky ....................... 8. Texas ............................ 9. Alabama ........................ 10. South Carolina ..............

17.9 17.4 16.6 16.1 15.7

10. Utah ................................ 12. Virginia ........................... 13. North Dakota .................. 14. District of Columbia ........ 14. New Hampshire ..............

3.7 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.0

10. Texas ............................ 12. New York ....................... 13. Arkansas ....................... 13. Louisiana ....................... 13. Missouri .........................

6.1 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7

11. Oklahoma ...................... 12. North Carolina ............... 13. Georgia ......................... 14. Idaho ............................. 14. Tennessee ....................

15.3 15.2 14.8 14.5 14.5

16. Delaware ........................ 16. Rhode Island .................. 18. South Dakota ................. 19. Vermont .......................... 20. Tennessee .....................

2.9 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4

13. New Mexico ................... 17. Alabama ........................ 18. Colorado ........................ 18. Kansas .......................... 18. North Carolina ...............

5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.5

16. Arizona .......................... 16. Montana ........................ 16. New York ....................... 19. Oregon .......................... 20. California .......................

14.2 14.2 14.2 14.1 13.3

20. Texas ............................. 22. Alabama ......................... 22. Georgia .......................... 22. Louisiana ........................ 22. Maine .............................

2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

18. Pennsylvania ................. 22. Tennessee .................... 23. Kentucky ....................... 23. West Virginia ................. 25. Indiana ..........................

5.5 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2

21. Washington ................... 22. Rhode Island ................. 23. Nevada .......................... 24. Ohio ............................... 25. Maine ............................

13.1 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.3

22. New Jersey .................... 27. South Carolina ............... 28. California ........................ 28. Minnesota ....................... 28. North Carolina ................

2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8

25. Rhode Island ................. 25. Utah ............................... 28. Massachusetts .............. 29. Arizona .......................... 30. Connecticut ...................

5.2 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9

25. Michigan ........................ 27. Florida ........................... 28. North Dakota ................. 29. Illinois ............................ 30. Missouri .........................

12.3 12.2 12.1 11.9 11.8

28. Washington .................... 28. Wisconsin ....................... 33. Arkansas ........................ 33. West Virginia .................. 35. Nebraska ........................

1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6

30. Wisconsin ...................... 32. Florida ........................... 32. Iowa ............................... 32. New Jersey ................... 32. Oklahoma ......................

4.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8

31. Pennsylvania ................. 32. Colorado ........................ 33. Nebraska ....................... 33. South Dakota ................ 35. Utah ...............................

11.7 11.1 11.0 11.0 10.9

35. Oregon ........................... 37. Mississippi ...................... 38. Kentucky ........................ 39. Iowa ................................ 40. Missouri ..........................

1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.9

36. Idaho ............................. 36. Minnesota ...................... 38. Georgia ......................... 38. Maine ............................ 40. Montana ........................

4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.4

36. Indiana .......................... 37. Wisconsin ...................... 38. Hawaii ........................... 39. Kansas .......................... 40. Wyoming .......................

10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.3

41. Indiana ........................... 42. Colorado ......................... 42. New York ........................ 42. Pennsylvania .................. 45. Connecticut ....................

0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5

41. Nevada .......................... 42. Maryland ....................... 43. Delaware ....................... 44. Wyoming ....................... 45. Nebraska .......................

4.3 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8

41. Delaware ....................... 41. Iowa ............................... 43. Virginia .......................... 44. Massachusetts .............. 45. Vermont .........................

9.9 9.9 9.5 9.2 9.0

45. Kansas ........................... 47. Oklahoma ....................... 48. Ohio ................................ 49. Illinois ............................. 50. Michigan ......................... 51. Massachusetts ...............

0.5 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.3 -2.0

45. New Hampshire ............. 47. Vermont ......................... 47. Virginia .......................... 49. South Dakota ................ 50. North Dakota ................. 51. Hawaii ...........................

3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3

46. Maryland ....................... 47. New Jersey ................... 48. Minnesota ...................... 49. Alaska ........................... 50. Connecticut ................... 50. New Hampshire .............

8.8 8.5 8.3 8.2 7.6 7.6

27

UNITED STATES—RANKINGS

RANKINGS: HOMELAND SECURITY, AGRICULTURE, AND EXPORTS Homeland Security Grants Procurement Contracts, Fiscal Year 2004 State and rank

Value of Agricultural Products Sold, 2002

Thousands of dollars

State and rank

Value of Exports, 2004

Millions of dollars

State and rank

Millions of dollars

United States ...............

9 718 564

United States ...............

200 646

United States ...............

817 936

1. Virginia .......................... 2. Florida ........................... 3. Texas ............................ 4. District of Columbia ....... 5. California .......................

2 237 730 1 087 617 909 803 750 360 592 960

1. California ....................... 2. Texas ............................ 3. Iowa ............................... 4. Nebraska ....................... 5. Kansas ..........................

25 737 14 135 12 274 9 704 8 746

1. Texas ............................ 2. California ....................... 3. New York ....................... 4. Michigan ........................ 5. Washington ...................

117 245 109 968 44 401 35 625 33 793

6. Maryland ....................... 7. Alabama ........................ 8. New York ....................... 9. Georgia ......................... 10. New Jersey ...................

528 569 225 703 200 387 174 758 174 736

6. Minnesota ...................... 7. Illinois ............................ 8. North Carolina ............... 9. Florida ........................... 10. Wisconsin ......................

8 576 7 676 6 962 6 242 5 623

6. Ohio ............................... 7. Illinois ............................ 8. Florida ........................... 9. Massachusetts .............. 10. Louisiana .......................

31 208 30 214 28 982 21 837 19 922

11. North Carolina ............... 12. Washington ................... 13. Michigan ........................ 14. Pennsylvania ................. 15. Ohio ...............................

173 785 156 682 147 044 137 432 130 616

11. Washington ................... 12. Missouri ......................... 13. Arkansas ....................... 14. Georgia ......................... 15. Indiana ..........................

5 331 4 983 4 950 4 912 4 783

11. Georgia ......................... 12. New Jersey ................... 13. Indiana .......................... 14. Pennsylvania ................. 15. North Carolina ...............

19 633 19 192 19 109 18 487 18 115

16. Arizona .......................... 17. West Virginia ................. 18. Tennessee .................... 19. Louisiana ....................... 20. Massachusetts ..............

122 253 119 529 90 609 89 228 86 881

16. Colorado ........................ 17. Oklahoma ...................... 18. Ohio ............................... 19. Pennsylvania ................. 20. Idaho .............................

4 525 4 456 4 264 4 257 3 908

16. Tennessee .................... 17. Arizona .......................... 18. South Carolina .............. 19. Kentucky ....................... 20. Wisconsin ......................

16 123 13 423 13 376 12 992 12 706

21. Kentucky ....................... 22. Indiana .......................... 23. Hawaii ........................... 24. Oregon .......................... 25. Iowa ...............................

76 764 60 205 55 928 55 793 52 767

21. South Dakota ................ 22. Michigan ........................ 23. Alabama ........................ 24. North Dakota ................. 25. Oregon ..........................

3 835 3 772 3 265 3 233 3 195

21. Minnesota ...................... 22. Virginia .......................... 23. Oregon .......................... 24. Alabama ........................ 25. Missouri .........................

12 678 11 631 11 172 9 037 8 997

26. Arkansas ....................... 27. South Carolina .............. 28. Illinois ............................ 29. Connecticut ................... 30. Alaska ...........................

52 241 51 526 47 999 47 883 47 183

26. New York ....................... 27. Mississippi ..................... 28. Kentucky ....................... 29. Arizona .......................... 30. Virginia ..........................

3 118 3 116 3 080 2 395 2 361

26. Connecticut ................... 27. Colorado ........................ 28. Iowa ............................... 29. Maryland ....................... 30. Kansas ..........................

8 559 6 651 6 394 5 746 4 931

31. Wisconsin ...................... 32. Kansas .......................... 33. Oklahoma ...................... 34. Mississippi ..................... 35. New Mexico ...................

43 989 43 775 38 615 38 317 36 977

31. Tennessee .................... 32. Montana ........................ 33. Louisiana ....................... 34. New Mexico ................... 35. South Carolina ..............

2 200 1 882 1 816 1 700 1 490

31. Utah ............................... 32. Arkansas ....................... 33. Vermont ......................... 34. West Virginia ................. 35. Mississippi .....................

4 718 3 493 3 283 3 262 3 179

36. Colorado ........................ 37. Missouri ......................... 38. Minnesota ...................... 39. Maine ............................ 40. Nebraska .......................

35 784 32 968 31 700 22 512 22 361

36. Maryland ....................... 37. Utah ............................... 38. Wyoming ....................... 39. New Jersey ................... 40. Delaware .......................

1 293 1 116 864 750 619

36. Oklahoma ...................... 37. Alaska ........................... 38. Idaho ............................. 39. Nevada .......................... 40. Maine ............................

3 178 3 157 2 915 2 907 2 432

41. North Dakota ................. 42. Idaho ............................. 43. Utah ............................... 44. Delaware ....................... 45. Nevada ..........................

17 281 15 873 14 181 9 757 9 709

41. Hawaii ........................... 42. West Virginia ................. 43. Vermont ......................... 44. Connecticut ................... 45. Maine ............................

533 483 473 471 464

41. Nebraska ....................... 42. New Hampshire ............. 43. Delaware ....................... 44. New Mexico ................... 45. Rhode Island .................

2 316 2 286 2 053 2 046 1 286

46. Montana ........................ 47. New Hampshire ............. 48. Vermont ......................... 49. Wyoming ....................... 50. South Dakota ................ 51. Rhode Island .................

9 626 8 925 8 184 8 006 5 889 5 340

46. Nevada .......................... 47. Massachusetts .............. 48. New Hampshire ............. 49. Rhode Island ................. 50. Alaska ...........................

447 384 145 56 46

46. District of Columbia ....... 47. North Dakota ................. 48. South Dakota ................ 49. Wyoming ....................... 50. Montana ........................ 51. Hawaii ...........................

1 164 1 008 826 680 565 405

28

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

RANKINGS: HOUSING AND EDUCATION Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units, 2004 State and rank

Dollars

Percent High School Graduate or More, 2004 State and rank

Percent of population 25 years and over

Percent College Graduate or More, 2004 State and rank

Percent of population 25 years and over

United States ...............

151 366

United States ...............

85.2

United States ...............

27.7

1. California ....................... 2. Hawaii ........................... 3. District of Columbia ....... 4. Massachusetts .............. 5. New Jersey ...................

391 102 364 840 334 702 331 200 291 294

1. Minnesota ...................... 2. Montana ........................ 2. Wyoming ....................... 4. Nebraska ....................... 5. Utah ...............................

92.3 91.9 91.9 91.3 91.0

1. District of Columbia ....... 2. Massachusetts .............. 3. Colorado ........................ 4. New Hampshire ............. 5. Maryland .......................

45.7 36.7 35.5 35.4 35.2

6. Rhode Island ................. 7. Connecticut ................... 8. New York ....................... 9. New Hampshire ............. 10. Maryland .......................

240 150 236 559 220 981 216 639 216 529

6. New Hampshire ............. 6. Vermont ......................... 8. Alaska ........................... 9. Iowa ............................... 10. Washington ...................

90.8 90.8 90.2 89.8 89.7

6. New Jersey ................... 7. Connecticut ................... 8. Vermont ......................... 9. Virginia .......................... 10. Minnesota ......................

34.6 34.5 34.2 33.1 32.5

11. Colorado ........................ 12. Washington ................... 13. Nevada .......................... 14. Oregon .......................... 15. Minnesota ......................

211 740 204 719 202 937 181 544 181 135

11. Kansas .......................... 12. North Dakota ................. 13. Connecticut ................... 13. Wisconsin ...................... 15. Virginia ..........................

89.6 89.5 88.8 88.8 88.4

11. California ....................... 12. Utah ............................... 13. New York ....................... 14. Kansas .......................... 15. Washington ...................

31.7 30.8 30.6 30.0 29.9

16. Alaska ........................... 17. Virginia .......................... 18. Delaware ....................... 19. Illinois ............................ 20. Utah ...............................

179 304 179 191 171 589 167 711 157 275

16. Colorado ........................ 17. Ohio ............................... 18. Hawaii ........................... 19. Idaho ............................. 19. Michigan ........................

88.3 88.1 88.0 87.9 87.9

16. Missouri ......................... 17. Arizona .......................... 18. Georgia ......................... 19. Illinois ............................ 20. Rhode Island .................

28.1 28.0 27.6 27.4 27.2

21. Vermont ......................... 22. Florida ........................... 23. Arizona .......................... 24. Michigan ........................ 25. Maine ............................

154 318 149 291 145 741 145 177 143 182

19. Missouri ......................... 22. New Jersey ................... 23. South Dakota ................ 24. Maryland ....................... 24. Oregon ..........................

87.9 87.6 87.5 87.4 87.4

21. Delaware ....................... 22. Hawaii ........................... 23. Florida ........................... 24. Oregon .......................... 25. Wisconsin ......................

26.9 26.6 26.0 25.9 25.6

26. Wisconsin ...................... 27. Georgia ......................... 28. Ohio ............................... 29. Idaho ............................. 30. Wyoming .......................

137 727 136 912 122 384 120 825 119 654

26. Indiana .......................... 27. Maine ............................ 28. Massachusetts .............. 29. Illinois ............................ 30. Delaware .......................

87.2 87.1 86.9 86.8 86.5

26. Alaska ........................... 26. Montana ........................ 26. South Dakota ................ 29. Pennsylvania ................. 30. North Dakota .................

25.5 25.5 25.5 25.3 25.2

31. Montana ........................ 32. North Carolina ............... 33. Missouri ......................... 34. Pennsylvania ................. 35. South Carolina ..............

119 319 117 771 117 033 116 520 113 910

30. Pennsylvania ................. 32. District of Columbia ....... 33. Nevada .......................... 34. Florida ........................... 35. New York .......................

86.5 86.4 86.3 85.9 85.4

31. New Mexico ................... 32. South Carolina .............. 33. Nebraska ....................... 34. Ohio ............................... 35. Nevada ..........................

25.1 24.9 24.8 24.6 24.5

36. New Mexico ................... 37. Tennessee .................... 38. Indiana .......................... 39. Nebraska ....................... 40. Kansas ..........................

110 788 110 198 110 020 106 656 102 458

36. Georgia ......................... 36. Oklahoma ...................... 38. Arizona .......................... 39. South Carolina .............. 40. Mississippi .....................

85.2 85.2 84.4 83.6 83.0

35. Texas ............................ 37. Michigan ........................ 38. Iowa ............................... 38. Tennessee .................... 40. Maine ............................

24.5 24.4 24.3 24.3 24.2

41. Texas ............................ 42. Kentucky ....................... 43. Louisiana ....................... 44. Iowa ............................... 45. South Dakota ................

99 858 98 438 95 910 95 901 95 523

41. New Mexico ................... 41. Tennessee .................... 43. Alabama ........................ 44. Kentucky ....................... 45. California .......................

82.9 82.9 82.4 81.8 81.3

41. Idaho ............................. 42. North Carolina ............... 43. Oklahoma ...................... 44. Wyoming ....................... 45. Louisiana .......................

23.8 23.4 22.9 22.5 22.4

46. Alabama ........................ 47. Oklahoma ...................... 48. North Dakota ................. 49. West Virginia ................. 50. Mississippi ..................... 51. Arkansas .......................

94 671 85 060 84 354 81 826 79 023 79 006

46. Rhode Island ................. 47. North Carolina ............... 47. West Virginia ................. 49. Arkansas ....................... 50. Louisiana ....................... 51. Texas ............................

81.1 80.9 80.9 79.2 78.7 78.3

46. Alabama ........................ 47. Indiana .......................... 48. Kentucky ....................... 49. Mississippi ..................... 50. Arkansas ....................... 51. West Virginia .................

22.3 21.1 21.0 20.1 18.8 15.3

ALABAMA At a Glance: •

Alabama’s population was over 4.5 million in 2004, making it the 23rd most populous state in the country. The population was nearly 70 percent non-Hispanic White and over 26 percent Black. Alabama had the seventh highest proportion of Black residents in the nation. Hispanics (of any race) constituted only a small part of the population, giving the state the eighth lowest proportion of this ethnic group in the country. Median household income in Alabama ranked 45th in the nation. The state’s poverty rate of 16.9 percent was the third highest in the United States. Alabama’s real gross state product showed steady growth after the 2001 recession. In 2004, it ranked 25th among the states. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing rose to $94,671, which ranked 46th in nation. Alabama ranked 47th in the nation with more than 82 percent of its population age 25 years and over completing high school. The state ranked 44th for college attainment, with 22.2 percent of the population in this age group holding bachelor’s degrees or more.

•

• • • •

Table AL-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 040 587 1.6

4 447 100 1.6

4 530 182 1.5

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 936 162 2 104 425

2 146 504 2 300 596

2 196 208 2 333 974

48.5 51.5

0.6 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

283 295 775 493 783 408 2 981 799 443 335 1 232 067 522 989 48 507

295 992 827 430 3 323 678 439 612 1 288 527 1 015 741 579 798 67 301

296 100 798 433 3 435 649 455 878 1 253 740 1 128 072 597 959 66 170

6.5 17.6 75.8 10.1 27.7 24.9 13.2 1.5

0.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 2.7 1.0 2.4

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.9

35.8

36.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

Percent change per year

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

POPULATION From 2000 to 2004, Alabama’s population grew by 1.9 percent, which was well below the U.S. average. Although the state’s growth rate approximated that of its western neighbor, Mississippi, it was well below those of its other neighbors, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. Alabama’s largest metropolitan areas were Birmingham-Hoover, Mobile, Huntsville, and Montgomery, which together accounted for about half of the state’s population. From 2000 to 2004, international immigration added to the population, substantially offsetting a small out-migration of residents. Compared with the nation as a whole, Alabama’s population composition was older, with more than one-third of its residents over 45 years old.

3.0 United States Alabama 2.0 1.2 1.0

1.0

0.9

1.1 0.5

0.4 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

29

30

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AL-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 040 587

4 447 100

4 530 182

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

73.3 25.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 ...

70.4 25.9 0.5 0.7 ... 0.8

69.5 26.2 0.5 0.8 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.6

1.7

2.2

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report more one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 35

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

30

Two or more races

25

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Non-Hispanic Black

20

Asian and Pacific Islander

15 10

American Indian, Alaska Native

5 0

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH A below average proportion of Alabama’s population lacked health insurance. The state had a low birth rate, but its birth rate for teenage mothers was the 13th highest in the nation. Alabama’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were relatively high. Table AL-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

59 552 13.2 52.4

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

9.3

6.9

996.7 961.0 1 161.5 ... 332.0 315.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

13.5 7.4 3.7

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Alabama 800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table AL-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

45 482

996.7

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

17 358 9 769 2 196 2 177 1 384 1 154 1 062 1 048 982 770 536 742 426 244 222 428 136 202 76 115 80 102

380.8 211.4 47.9 48.4 30.2 25.5 23.6 23.3 21.6 16.9 11.9 16.5 9.2 5.5 4.8 9.6 3.0 4.6 1.7 2.5 1.8 2.3

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

31

ALABAMA

Table AL-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 506 790 1 103 835 858 327 245 508 44 288 201 220 402 955 358 078 44 877

1 737 080 1 215 968 906 916 309 052 62 586 246 466 521 112 453 898 67 214

1 755 332 1 220 290 894 152 326 138 59 870 266 268 535 042 467 559 67 483

0.3 0.1 -0.4 1.4 -1.1 2.0 0.7 0.7 0.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.62 1 670 379 1 506 790 1 061 897 444 893

2.49 1 963 711 1 737 080 1 258 705 478 375

2.51 2 058 951 1 755 332 1 262 670 492 662

X 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.7

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

325 53 200

447 85 100

519 94 671

3.8 2.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

United States

60,000

Alabama

500

100,000

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

150,000

40,000

20,000 United States

250

Alabama 0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table AL-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, numbers in thousands, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

36 579 38 256 39 498 37 519 38 856

16.9 15.0 14.5 15.9 13.3

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 090 41 972 37 485 36 323 31 992 34 288 32 289 34 052 32 928 32 733

15.2 14.5 15.7 14.0 20.1 16.4 17.4 17.3 18.8 19.2

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

31 311 30 606 31 380 31 460 30 696 29 950 ... ... ... ...

18.9 19.3 21.3 23.8 20.6 19.1 23.0 21.6 24.1 21.2

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

32

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AL-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 484 266 307 582 642 685 463 539

2 179 106 224 481 522 529 254 64

62.5 39.8 73.2 82.7 81.2 77.1 54.9 11.8

2 053 89 196 453 492 513 247 62

5.8 15.7 12.6 5.9 5.6 2.9 2.6 2.8

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 651 137 166 278 296 330 224

1 156 57 124 252 265 280 143

70.0 41.2 75.0 90.5 89.4 84.8 63.6

1 096 48 109 239 254 272 139

5.3 16.0 12.3 5.1 4.2 2.9 2.7

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 833 128 141 303 346 355 239

1 023 49 100 229 256 248 111

55.8 38.2 71.0 75.5 74.1 70.0 46.7

957 41 87 214 238 241 109

6.4 15.5 13.0 6.8 7.1 2.9 2.5

972 969 234

735 571 150

75.6 59.0 64.0

716 552 132

2.6 3.4 11.8

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 518 1 220 1 298

1 595 883 713

63.4 72.4 54.9

1 535 850 685

3.8 3.7 3.9

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

851 374 477

511 233 278

60.0 62.1 58.4

449 207 242

12.2 11.2 13.1

Hispanic or Latino1 .............................

57

50

87.1

48

3.7

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

169 198 391 467 499 365 429

74 155 331 386 396 204 50

44.1 78.1 84.7 82.5 79.4 55.7 11.6

67 146 319 369 385 201 49

10.5 5.9 3.7 4.2 2.9 1.4 1.8

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

99 157 155 164 87

64 128 120 116 45

64.0 81.2 77.7 70.8 51.8

46 112 108 112 42

28.3 11.9 9.9 3.2 8.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table AL-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

2 148 766 2 133 206 2 115 125 2 136 633 2 161 499

2 029 314 2 009 039 1 996 920 2 033 230 2 072 853

119 452 124 167 118 205 103 403 88 646

5.6 5.8 5.6 4.8 4.1

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 162 603 2 142 512 2 129 797 2 086 493 2 063 870 2 018 524 1 981 641 1 943 033 1 915 087 1 903 248

2 070 210 2 059 310 2 035 156 1 992 652 1 955 846 1 909 881 1 850 610 1 809 337 1 783 434 1 782 700

92 393 83 202 94 641 93 841 108 024 108 643 131 031 133 696 131 653 120 548

4.3 3.9 4.4 4.5 5.2 5.4 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.3

Note: Population 16 years old and over.

15.0 United States 12.0 Alabama

Percent

Year

9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

33

ALABAMA

Table AL-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 392 552 54 914 2 337 638 1 952 516 D 9 551 14 685 160 742 337 240 183 339 153 901 87 348 282 644 71 802 40 426 89 455 63 036 119 091 9 555 121 270 26 674 183 738 27 255 D 144 252 385 122

2 387 118 55 360 2 331 758 1 942 661 19 867 9 259 14 264 154 100 316 883 177 329 139 554 85 069 283 397 69 016 38 085 89 833 64 331 121 721 10 348 124 872 27 566 190 912 27 700 145 488 149 950 389 097

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

29 436 18 154 29 480 29 155 D 51 092 67 094 30 816 34 695 36 565 32 478 39 928 19 887 31 883 42 099 41 073 24 367 47 528 51 257 18 105 19 976 31 888 15 449 D 19 243 30 844

30 482 17 724 30 538 30 108 25 043 52 461 67 512 31 472 36 193 38 177 33 677 40 955 20 593 33 304 43 327 43 729 26 099 48 345 51 303 19 387 21 063 32 931 16 122 11 711 20 062 32 297

2 397 067 53 591 2 343 476 1 950 637 18 322 9 103 14 216 156 639 302 636 169 993 132 643 83 835 285 471 67 920 36 133 92 003 67 951 126 472 10 114 126 398 28 620 196 388 27 889 149 529 150 998 392 839

2 444 279 53 582 2 390 697 1 992 804 18 146 9 245 14 130 160 640 301 149 173 514 127 635 85 110 290 795 69 131 35 666 92 746 71 034 130 643 11 088 136 122 29 735 200 257 29 218 154 166 153 783 397 893

0.7 -0.8 0.8 0.7 ... -1.1 -1.3 0.0 -3.7 -1.8 -6.0 -0.9 1.0 -1.3 -4.1 1.2 4.1 3.1 5.1 3.9 3.7 2.9 2.3 ... 2.2 1.1

32 721 17 780 32 787 32 368 26 930 54 529 76 596 33 013 39 491 41 998 36 084 45 321 21 745 36 184 44 901 48 910 29 025 52 284 61 784 21 258 23 439 34 742 16 820 12 108 21 421 34 486

3.6 -0.7 3.6 3.5 ... 2.2 4.5 2.3 4.4 4.7 3.6 4.3 3.0 4.3 2.2 6.0 6.0 3.2 6.4 5.5 5.5 2.9 2.9 ... 3.6 3.8

Dollars 31 567 14 672 31 635 31 132 26 082 53 470 73 604 32 172 37 612 39 936 34 641 42 636 21 122 34 378 42 908 46 284 27 537 50 966 56 474 20 936 21 913 33 018 16 660 11 942 20 794 33 664

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET Alabama had one the nation’s lowest employment/population ratios (the proportion of the civilian population age 16 years and over currently employed), reflecting similar rates in Mississippi and Tennessee. Unemployment was higher than the national average, but showed some improvement in 2004, as the recovery in economic activity gained strength. Total nonfarm employment has grown 2.6 percent since 2002. Employment in durable goods manufacturing continued its decline, while jobs in the nondurable goods sector rose slightly. Jobs in the largest industries in the service-providing sector showed improvement over the period, particularly those in administrative services, professional and technical services, and health care.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.3%

Government and government enterprises Manufacturing

38.4% 12.3%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance Construction

11.9% 6.3%

6.6%

8.2%

Accommodation and food services Other

34

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AL-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

24 149 18 377 3 753 2 019 103 1 916 2 281 328 22 196 3 908 4 460 30 564 30 366 198

47 716 35 478 7 807 4 432 682 3 749 5 317 525 42 924 11 528 9 227 63 679 62 867 812

76 977 57 643 12 017 7 317 816 6 501 8 783 1 238 69 433 18 725 17 648 105 807 104 859 947

80 448 59 088 12 730 8 630 1 075 7 555 9 146 1 252 72 554 18 739 19 129 110 421 109 188 1 233

83 355 60 658 14 282 8 415 675 7 740 9 483 1 264 75 136 18 073 20 576 113 784 112 941 843

87 575 62 688 15 546 9 341 1 148 8 192 9 874 1 310 79 011 17 778 21 692 118 481 117 204 1 277

92 943 66 049 16 748 10 145 1 301 8 844 10 396 1 380 83 926 18 130 23 111 125 167 123 692 1 474

4.8 3.5 8.7 8.5 12.4 8.0 4.3 2.7 4.9 -0.8 7.0 4.3 4.2 11.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

7 836

15 723

23 764

24 714

25 392

26 307

27 630

3.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Alabama

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product showed vigor after the 2001 recession, growing by 4.3 percent in real terms over the 2003–2004 period. Manufacturing, retail trade, government, and finance and insurance made the largest contributions to the state’s economic growth. Housing activity continued to increase, both in terms of jobs and income. However, Alabama’s real estate market did not see the strong appreciation in housing prices experienced elsewhere in the nation. In 2004, the median value of owneroccupied housing in the state ranked 46th in the nation. From 2001 to 2004, average wages and salaries rose at an average annual rate of 3.6 percent, which was above the U.S. average rate.

Table AL-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

107 563 1.2

110 069 1.2

114 168 1.2

114 204 1.2

115 235 1.2

118 205 1.2

122 675 1.2

127 947 1.2

3.5 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

89 947 1 589 1 273 2 769 5 485 20 061 18.7 6 025 8 738 3 260 3 205 4 941 10 243 22 532 20.9 5 238 853 2 379 458 7 564 452 2 488 3 100 17 645 16.4

92 220 1 781 1 377 2 778 5 506 20 096 18.3 6 580 9 024 3 296 3 328 5 089 10 447 23 013 20.9 5 631 750 2 437 463 7 443 481 2 620 3 188 17 870 16.2

96 344 2 037 1 307 3 044 5 547 21 190 18.6 6 920 9 378 3 391 3 538 5 455 11 130 23 425 20.5 5 922 792 2 552 482 7 345 490 2 724 3 118 17 825 15.6

96 446 2 027 1 191 3 094 5 349 21 267 18.6 6 879 9 477 3 394 3 639 5 404 11 422 23 303 20.4 5 971 675 2 417 502 7 479 465 2 733 3 061 17 757 15.5

97 795 2 003 1 160 3 193 5 234 20 194 17.5 7 290 10 091 3 155 3 890 5 914 12 099 23 594 20.5 6 325 701 2 373 496 7 607 482 2 680 2 930 17 442 15.1

100 136 1 789 1 047 3 212 4 930 20 857 17.6 7 351 10 675 3 221 4 005 6 244 12 328 24 544 20.8 6 572 763 2 602 498 7 981 509 2 680 2 939 18 067 15.3

103 701 2 072 1 061 3 569 4 931 21 614 17.6 7 201 11 341 3 405 3 988 6 593 12 469 25 552 20.8 7 178 831 2 782 488 8 074 510 2 754 2 935 18 961 15.5

108 437 2 041 1 001 3 729 5 002 22 843 17.9 7 538 11 992 3 563 4 329 7 032 12 840 26 720 20.9 7 458 943 2 949 500 8 373 525 2 845 3 127 19 503 15.2

3.5 0.6 -4.8 5.3 -1.5 4.2 X 1.1 5.9 4.1 3.6 5.9 2.0 4.2 X 5.6 10.4 7.5 0.3 3.2 2.9 2.0 2.2 3.8 X

X = Not applicable.

35

ALABAMA

Table AL-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 189

8 701

16 643

18 018

19 563

20 758

21 950

7.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 082 1 917 72 15 78

4 244 4 020 113 48 63

7 176 6 944 134 57 41

7 668 7 432 137 60 38

8 150 7 892 143 72 43

8 523 8 246 147 72 59

8 891 8 609 149 74 59

5.5 5.5 2.7 6.7 10.0

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

847 533 292 22

2 767 1 744 958 64

6 576 3 683 2 813 80

7 195 4 096 2 987 112

7 793 4 400 3 239 154

8 395 4 672 3 590 133

9 094 5 132 3 799 163

8.4 8.7 7.8 19.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

620 208 84 257 71

938 359 62 339 178

1 850 659 59 348 783

1 930 699 61 375 796

2 217 730 100 425 962

2 412 738 106 476 1 092

2 584 772 70 556 1 186

8.7 4.0 4.4 12.4 10.9

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

247

202

235

327

419

411

285

5.0

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

314

402

570

608

678

733

792

8.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

78

145

224

265

294

273

289

6.6

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

4

13

24

13

11

15

4.4

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Alabama ranked 24th in the nation in 2004 for total exports of goods (accounting for about 1.1 percent of total exports in the United States). The state’s exports grew by about 19 percent during the 2001–2004 period. Transportation equipment, chemical manufactures, and computers and electronic products were the largest exports. Exports to Germany increased by over 150 percent from 2001 to 2004, making Alabama one of the leading states in exports to that country. In 2004, Germany was Alabama’s second largest export market, behind only Canada. Mining exports increased by over 148 percent from 2001 to 2004, and are now among the state’s top 10 exports.

Chemicals 18.6% Computers and electronic products 8.6% Paper 7.4%

Transportation equipment 26.3%

Machinery 6.7%

Other 32.4%

Table AL-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

7 570 6 858 548 163

8 267 7 477 558 232

8 340 7 531 646 162

9 037 8 138 719 181

100.0 90.1 8.0 2.0

6.1 5.9 9.4 3.4

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Paper products (322) ............................................................. Machinery manufactures (333) ..............................................

1 905 1 200 862 613 352

2 463 1 318 919 634 361

2 532 1 264 757 658 463

2 373 1 684 773 673 605

26.3 18.6 8.6 7.4 6.7

7.6 11.9 -3.6 3.1 19.8

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

6 262 1 596 593 657 620 442

7 243 1 688 1 381 662 514 505

7 470 1 547 1 618 751 481 443

8 149 1 808 1 491 731 637 412

90.2 20.0 16.5 8.1 7.1 4.6

9.2 4.2 36.0 3.6 0.9 -2.3

36

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICUTURE

Table AL-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

49 872 9 517 377

45 126 8 904 387

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

191

197

37.1 54.8 8.1

37.1 54.6 8.3

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

282 304 1 471 34 420

335 217 1 698 42 705

3 198 630 656 185 2 542 444 64 137

3 264 949 590 268 2 674 681 72 352

72.4 17.9 9.6

71.1 18.6 10.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

46 022 25.6

77 930 28.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

35.3

53.1

Total cash receipts from farming in Alabama totaled nearly $3.3 billion on the 2002 Census of Agriculture, slightly more than those in the previous census year, 1997. The principal products were chicken broilers, corn, cotton, and soybeans. The state ranked fourth in the nation for value of sales of poultry and eggs. Government payments to farmers totaled nearly $78 million. ENERGY

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy prices were relatively low compared with other states: Alabama ranked 42nd in the nation in this category. Expenditures on energy per person in the state totaled $2,953 in 2001, the latest year for which data are available from the U.S. Department of Energy; these expenditures ranked 16th in the country. Alabama was the 8th largest consumer of coal, which accounted for over 43 percent of the state’s energy consumption. The state’s industrial sector was the largest user, followed by the transportation, residential, and commercial sectors. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 900

Residential 19.6%

Trillion of Btu

600

Transportation 23.0%

300 0

-300 -600

Commercial 13.1% Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 44.4%

Table AL-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

867 190 265.4

1 047 212 304.2

1 396 865 405.6

1 518 737 412.8

1 647 924 423.2

1 534 742 386.3

1 693 092 419.0

2 011 001 471.8

2 128 840 478.7

1 942 650 434.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

14.6 6.5 58.7 20.3

14.3 7.7 58.9 19.2

16.0 7.7 57.0 19.2

15.5 7.9 52.6 23.9

16.3 7.6 54.9 21.2

17.8 9.1 51.3 21.7

18.1 10.0 48.4 23.4

17.2 8.8 51.3 22.6

18.6 12.1 47.1 22.2

19.6 13.1 44.4 23.0

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

395 400 190 706 236 597 0 67 128 45 681 0 -68 321

533 142 236 949 264 449 0 74 247 47 641 0 -109 216

675 603 307 750 355 272 0 80 092 52 378 0 -74 232

640 063 271 747 490 557 29 978 127 086 57 615 0 -98 309

661 023 278 394 457 916 256 310 97 733 134 961 0 -238 413

662 890 227 795 427 160 152 028 71 935 172 350 0 -179 417

682 490 252 457 507 418 127 533 107 832 142 992 154 -127 784

828 273 332 399 560 492 218 045 97 980 223 494 171 -249 852

904 185 368 473 567 780 327 143 59 346 191 780 183 -290 048

845 649 342 283 539 585 317 171 85 018 154 145 170 -341 371

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 410 800 410

3 096 500 842

6 688 500 1 718

7 268 700 1 830

8 256 800 2 044

9 282 400 2 178

12 097 000 2 720

11 579 800 2 593

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.37 2.42 2.00 0.64 2.45

2.83 4.43 3.97 1.85 3.67

6.30 9.02 8.35 3.89 8.78

7.67 12.53 11.51 5.24 8.35

7.49 13.42 12.41 4.51 8.38

6.92 14.02 13.66 3.79 8.16

8.78 16.34 15.23 4.48 10.73

9.31 17.19 15.88 5.11 10.17

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

37

ALABAMA

Table AL-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

7 018 242

100.0

1 549.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

221 470

3.2

48.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

3 675 562 1 892 560 1 783 002 137 222 245 577 535 493 600 558 93 270 167 559

52.4 27.0 25.4 2.0 3.5 7.6 8.6 1.3 2.4

811.4 417.8 393.6 30.3 54.2 118.2 132.6 20.6 37.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

397 429 73 183 172 815 107 177

5.7 1.0 2.5 1.5

87.7 16.2 38.2 23.7

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Documentary and stock transfer ................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

2 723 781 2 243 537 292 051 45 080 113 646

38.8 32.0 4.2 0.6 1.6

601.3 495.3 64.5 10.0 25.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 27.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Alabama

2,000

Dollars

State revenues amounted to nearly $16.6 billion and expenditures totaled $17 billion in 2003, ranking the state 34th and 32nd in the nation, respectively, in per capita terms. State taxes per person amounted to $1,549 in fiscal year 2004; about 32 percent, or $495, came from individual income taxes. Sales taxes proved to be the second largest category of tax collections, with about $418 per capita in fiscal year 2004. Alabama ranked ninth in the nation in terms of federal government expenditures per capita in 2004. The largest spending was for retirement and disability, followed by procurement. Alabama ranked second and seventh, respectively, in these categories.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table AL-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

16 574 756 6 668 784 6 416 351 1 764 557 1 585 666 399 871 2 035 538 242 411 388 308 2 471 414 1 018 207

100.0 40.2 38.7 10.6 9.6 2.4 12.3 1.5 2.3 14.9 6.1

3 680.0 1 480.6 1 424.6 391.8 352.1 88.8 451.9 53.8 86.2 548.7 226.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

17 009 944 4 074 005 12 935 939

100.0 24.0 76.0

3 776.6 904.5 2 872.1

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

7 053 792 4 531 802 1 211 084 762 009 1 163 904 129 591 356 928 225 308 25 422 439 143 252 401 858 560

41.5 26.6 7.1 4.5 6.8 0.8 2.1 1.3 0.1 2.6 1.5 5.0

1 566.1 1 006.2 268.9 169.2 258.4 28.8 79.2 50.0 5.6 97.5 56.0 190.6

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

6 284 640

X

1 395.4

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

28 661 435

X

6 363.6

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

38

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AL-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.) Item

State

Educational Attainment, 2004

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

2 891

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

82.4 22.3

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

739 678 50.5 1.5 1 391 12.6 6 300

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.7

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

247 805 20 479 59.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Alabama

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Alabama ranked among the lowest 10 states for both high school and college attainment levels. However, these levels have increased since 2000, when 77.5 percent of Alabama’s residents age 25 years and over were high school graduates and 20.4 percent were college graduates. Alabama ranked among the top 10 of the 46 states and the District of Columbia reporting student eligibility for free or reduced-price meals. In 2002–2003, Alabama had the third lowest student/teacher ratio in the nation. Alabama was among 12 states where student membership declined between the 1993–1994 school year and the 2003–2004 school year.

Alabama’s voter turnout was higher than the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. In 2000, 56.6 percent of eligible voters turned out on Election Day. According to official records from the Clerk of the House of Representatives, which provided the official tally of the vote, 41.6 percent of Alabamans voted Democrat while 47.8 percent voted Republican. In the 2004 election, voter participation rose slightly, with the proportion of votes for the Democratic candidate dropping to 38.8 percent and the proportion of votes for the Republican candidate rising to 62.5 percent.

Table AL-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 278 1 507 1 771

3 233 1 481 1 752

98.6 98.3 98.9

2 411 1 084 1 326

73.6 72.0 74.9

1 953 886 1 067

59.6 58.8 60.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 332 1 568 1 764

3 257 1 521 1 736

97.8 97.0 98.4

2 418 1 109 1 309

72.6 70.7 74.2

2 060 935 1 125

61.8 59.6 63.8

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 450 2 412 799 40 39 2 474 2 435 806 40

2 400 2 392 799 15 8 2 424 2 415 806 15

97.9 99.2 100.0 B B 98.0 99.2 100.0 B

1 808 1 806 583 4 2 1 823 1 822 590 4

73.8 74.9 72.9 B B 73.7 74.8 73.2 B

1 523 1 522 511 4 2 1 539 1 537 517 4

62.2 63.1 63.9 B B 62.2 63.1 64.2 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

413 1 223 1 131 311 254

387 1 185 1 121 311 254

93.7 96.9 99.1 100.0 100.0

211 832 888 284 203

51.1 68.1 78.5 91.3 79.9

173 685 797 247 158

42.0 56.0 70.5 79.2 62.2

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

ALASKA At a Glance: •

Alaska’s population was 655,435 in 2004, ranking 47th in the nation. Alaska had the largest total land area of any state; it was also the most sparsely populated state. Non-Hispanic Whites made up nearly 67 percent of the population, while Blacks accounted for only 3.4 percent. Over 15 percent of the population was American Indian or Alaska Native, which was the highest concentration of this racial group in the nation. Hispanics (of any race) made up 4.9 percent of residents, giving Alaska the 29th largest proportion of this ethnic group in the country. Alaska’s median household income of $55,218 was relatively high, placing well above the national average of $44,389. The state’s poverty rate of 9.2 percent was the eighth lowest in the country. High wages in the oil extraction industry and in government contributed to the above average median income and low rate of poverty. Alaska also distributed oil dividends to residents, which boosted government transfer payments. Alaska’s unemployment rate of 7.5 percent was the second highest in the nation. Its gross state product ranked 46th in the nation.

•

•

•

Table AK-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

550 043 0.2

626 932 0.2

655 435 0.2

X X

1.1 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

289 867 260 176

324 112 302 820

338 910 316 525

51.7 48.3

1.1 1.1

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

54 897 117 447 83 421 377 699 55 847 216 062 22 369 1 251

47 591 143 126 436 215 57 292 203 522 139 702 35 699 2 634

49 758 138 471 467 206 73 960 182 955 168 404 41 887 3 502

7.6 21.1 71.3 11.3 27.9 25.7 6.4 0.5

-0.8 1.2 1.5 1.9 -1.2 5.2 4.7 8.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

29.3

32.4

33.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

Although small, Alaska’s population has increased steadily over the years. From 2000 to 2004, the state’s population grew by 4.5 percent, a rate slightly above the national average. This population increase was mostly due to a high number of births relative to the total number of deaths. International immigration also helped offset out-migration from the state. Anchorage was the largest metropolitan area in the state. The age of the population was relatively young—nearly 29 percent of residents were under 18 years old. Only 6.4 percent of Alaska’s residents were 65 years old or over, compared with 12.4 percent nationally.

Percent change per year

4.0 United States 3.2

Alaska

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.9

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.1

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

39

40

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AK-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

550 043

626 932

655 435

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

73.9 4.0 15.6 3.6 1.2 ...

68.0 3.4 15.5 4.5 ... 4.5

66.9 3.4 15.5 5.0 ... 4.4

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

3.2

4.1

4.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

36

Percent

Two or more races Non-Hispanic Black

24

American Indian, Alaska Native

12

Asian and Pacific Islander 0

1,200 United States Alaska

800

400

0 All causes

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

HEALTH Alaska had an above average birth rate, but its rate of teenage births was below the U.S. average. The state’s infant mortality rate just about matched the U.S. rate of 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. In 2004, 17 percent of Alaska’s residents lacked health insurance, compared with the national average rate of 15.7 percent.

Table AK-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

10 086 15.5 38.6

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.8

6.9

825.4 781.2 841.8 1 143.8 551.6 702.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.0 10.9 7.5

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Table AK-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

2 973

825.4

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

822 703 140 345 84 44 51 98 25 22 124 113 52 70 114 38 17 11 10 * 38 13

267.3 195.5 47.9 61.0 23.7 16.1 21.8 17.2 8.4 6.9 19.4 17.6 9.9 10.7 19.5 5.7 3.9 1.7 1.9 * 5.9 2.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

ALASKA 41

Table AK-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

188 915 132 837 106 079 26 758 8 529 18 229 56 078 41 826 14 252

221 600 152 337 116 318 36 019 12 082 23 937 69 263 52 060 17 203

228 358 156 309 119 212 37 097 13 428 23 669 72 049 52 699 19 350

0.8 0.6 0.6 0.7 2.7 -0.3 1.0 0.3 3.0

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.80 232 608 188 915 105 989 82 926

2.74 260 978 221 600 138 509 83 091

2.78 271 533 228 358 149 669 78 689

X 1.0 0.8 2.0 -1.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

559 94 400

720 144 200

808 179 304

2.9 5.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

75,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

Alaska 150,000

25,000 United States

250

Alaska 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table AK-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

55 218 53 230 55 434 61 212 57 967

9.2 9.6 8.8 8.5 7.6

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

58 257 58 668 56 327 63 266 59 025 57 197 55 266 55 155 54 928 55 073

7.6 9.4 8.8 8.2 7.1 10.2 9.1 10.2 11.8 11.4

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 969 50 790 52 846 51 560 58 238 55 982 ... ... ... ...

10.5 11.0 12.0 11.4 8.7 9.6 12.6 10.6 9.0 9.6

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

42

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AK-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

465 38 44 83 90 105 57 46

331 18 33 68 77 88 37 9

71.1 47.7 74.3 81.4 85.4 83.5 65.7 20.1

306 14 29 63 73 82 36 9

7.5 22.5 12.6 7.3 5.9 6.1 3.6 4.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

233 20 21 40 47 54 31 22

179 9 17 36 43 48 21 5

76.6 44.6 79.5 91.3 91.7 88.3 69.4 25.0

165 7 14 34 40 44 21 5

7.9 22.4 13.4 6.7 6.8 7.4 3.4 5.3

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

232 19 23 44 44 51 26 25

152 9 16 32 35 40 16 4

65.6 51.0 69.7 72.5 78.8 78.3 61.3 15.9

141 7 14 29 33 38 16 4

7.2 22.6 11.9 8.0 4.8 4.6 3.8 3.8

125 127 25

102 85 18

81.4 66.7 73.4

97 81 17

4.8 5.0 8.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

341 175 166

247 136 111

72.4 77.5 67.0

233 128 105

5.7 5.8 5.4

Black .....................................................

14

10

72.5

9

8.5

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

30 13 17

22 10 11

73.1 81.1 67.0

20 10 11

5.2 4.5 5.9

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

22 11 11

16 9 7

75.4 81.6 68.9

15 8 7

7.3 7.1 7.6

24 29 60 66 82 45 36

12 22 50 57 70 30 7

49.7 75.9 83.0 86.8 85.1 66.6 18.5

10 20 47 55 66 29 6

19.7 8.9 5.3 4.3 5.1 3.0 2.0

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table AK-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

332 689 330 616 325 842 320 670 318 835

307 704 305 063 302 622 300 917 299 099

24 985 25 553 23 220 19 753 19 736

7.5 7.7 7.1 6.2 6.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

316 507 313 079 311 961 308 573 303 666 300 742 293 758 288 777 278 799 270 040

297 019 293 939 289 963 285 552 282 098 278 198 271 258 262 980 255 799 251 026

19 488 19 140 21 998 23 021 21 568 22 544 22 500 25 797 23 000 19 014

6.2 6.1 7.1 7.5 7.1 7.5 7.7 8.9 8.2 7.0

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Alaska

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

43

ALASKA

Table AK-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

401 639 874 400 765 302 850 D D 1 695 22 561 14 361 D D 7 292 43 021 22 707 8 354 11 194 13 211 20 110 1 983 15 401 4 454 34 462 9 144 28 204 D 97 915

411 267 964 410 303 310 069 14 182 11 520 1 847 23 498 13 107 D D 7 263 43 819 22 581 7 949 11 036 15 377 20 253 2 153 15 536 4 652 36 397 9 526 29 269 20 104 100 234

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

35 744 24 346 35 755 34 853 D D 57 119 49 038 30 103 D D 39 625 23 679 42 733 42 910 41 134 26 277 44 556 49 609 28 364 22 644 32 552 14 451 16 823 D 37 768

37 001 24 161 37 015 35 774 50 640 90 871 58 168 50 684 32 721 D D 40 564 24 516 43 975 44 408 43 027 27 503 45 627 46 793 29 861 25 276 33 530 15 136 17 345 25 990 39 758

418 625 949 417 676 317 188 10 827 11 008 1 899 24 999 13 531 2 971 10 560 7 190 44 134 22 180 7 999 11 329 19 853 20 712 1 245 16 087 4 771 39 458 9 540 30 282 20 144 100 488

428 021 963 427 058 326 172 10 285 11 260 1 908 25 993 14 358 3 135 11 223 7 415 45 470 22 331 7 871 11 451 20 852 21 189 1 308 16 596 4 852 42 221 9 725 31 161 19 926 100 886

2.1 3.3 2.1 2.5 ... ... 4.0 4.8 0.0 ... ... 0.6 1.9 -0.6 -2.0 0.8 16.4 1.8 -13.0 2.5 2.9 7.0 2.1 3.4 ... 1.0

39 103 26 321 39 117 37 511 49 605 91 885 60 310 52 825 33 519 38 799 32 566 43 096 25 761 47 673 47 962 46 306 29 328 48 515 61 902 31 584 27 061 35 187 16 897 18 686 27 731 42 803

3.0 2.6 3.0 2.5 ... ... 1.8 2.5 3.6 ... ... 2.8 2.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 3.7 2.9 7.7 3.6 6.1 2.6 5.4 3.6 ... 4.3

Dollars 37 878 23 201 37 894 36 349 49 340 87 229 58 973 52 480 34 468 38 969 33 658 41 527 25 435 45 230 44 860 45 380 27 866 46 215 59 917 29 868 25 770 34 256 16 252 17 942 26 787 41 364

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET Alaska had one of the highest employment/population ratios in the country, reflecting its larger proportion of working-age residents. The state has long experienced a high unemployment rate; it reached 7.5 percent in 2004 and was among the highest in the country. Employment by place of work grew by 6.6 percent from 2000 to 2004. Particular growth occurred in real estate, rental, and leasing; health care and social assistance; and construction. Total earnings grew at a strong pace over the period, at a rate well above the national average. Wages and salaries in management of companies and enterprises and in educational services showed the greatest increases.

Employment by Industry, 2004

23.6%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

37.4% Health care and social assistance Accommodation and food services 10.6%

Construction Transportation and warehousing

5.2%

9.9% 6.1%

7.3%

Other

44

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AK-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

5 965 4 403 1 035 527 1 526 527 -329 5 109 573 343 6 025 6 022 3

11 050 7 809 2 021 1 220 4 1 216 1 097 -654 9 299 1 950 1 369 12 617 12 610 7

14 874 10 725 2 598 1 552 8 1 544 1 527 -887 12 461 3 191 3 090 18 741 18 727 14

16 218 11 322 2 812 2 085 8 2 077 1 629 -937 13 652 3 148 3 249 20 050 20 034 16

17 053 11 915 3 186 1 953 5 1 947 1 718 -998 14 337 3 022 3 351 20 709 20 694 15

17 901 12 370 3 450 2 082 5 2 077 1 781 -1 015 15 105 3 023 3 275 21 403 21 389 14

19 098 13 017 3 825 2 256 5 2 251 1 893 -1 081 16 124 2 993 3 223 22 340 22 325 16

6.4 5.0 10.2 9.8 -10.6 9.9 5.5 X 6.7 -1.6 1.1 4.5 4.5 2.0

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

14 866

22 804

29 867

31 704

32 316

33 015

34 085

3.4

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Alaska

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) rebounded substantially from its decline during the 2001 recession, growing by 8.6 percent in 2002. Growth fell off in 2003 before increasing again in 2004. Government, transportation and warehousing, and real estate and rental and leasing made the largest contributions to GSP during the 2003–2004 period. Mining remains the state’s leading private industry; however, it has declined in recent years. Housing prices rose steadily from 2000–2004, although at rates slightly below the national average. In 2004, the state ranked 16th in the country with a median value of owner-occupied housing of $179,304. This was up considerably from the 2000 median value of $144,200.

Table AK-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

28 121 0.3

26 852 0.3

27 392 0.3

27 590 0.3

26 432 0.3

28 703 0.3

28 103 0.3

29 047 0.3

3.2 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

22 669 651 7 921 266 1 312 727 2.6 610 1 358 2 529 630 868 2 272 4 077 14.5 883 158 498 88 1 100 192 653 505 5 434 19.3

21 466 454 6 105 280 1 257 790 2.9 684 1 379 2 406 672 941 2 295 4 231 15.8 922 152 552 90 1 109 238 657 511 5 358 20.0

22 189 479 6 606 287 1 218 664 2.4 657 1 429 2 668 735 866 2 439 4 236 15.5 898 160 513 94 1 149 231 685 506 5 200 19.0

22 381 533 6 249 308 1 171 571 2.1 623 1 394 3 072 784 795 2 510 4 369 15.8 912 161 473 91 1 284 202 736 510 5 209 18.9

21 183 315 4 921 272 1 216 577 2.2 666 1 481 2 993 813 776 2 617 4 529 17.1 975 198 459 82 1 380 212 707 516 5 249 19.9

23 332 321 6 515 313 1 279 569 2.0 682 1 639 2 961 824 870 2 653 4 787 16.7 995 212 497 89 1 489 238 750 517 5 379 18.7

22 612 368 5 067 353 1 360 610 2.2 655 1 758 2 982 859 1 005 2 724 5 000 17.8 1 045 174 531 82 1 626 244 786 512 5 494 19.5

23 279 368 5 024 360 1 381 615 2.1 681 1 856 3 123 941 1 036 2 859 5 236 18.0 1 079 181 551 79 1 737 247 834 528 5 769 19.9

3.2 5.3 0.7 9.8 4.3 2.1 X 0.7 7.8 1.4 5.0 10.1 3.0 5.0 X 3.4 -2.9 6.3 -1.2 8.0 5.2 5.7 0.8 3.2 X

X = Not applicable.

45

ALASKA

Table AK-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

317

1 305

2 966

3 111

3 228

3 164

3 113

1.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

75 69 1 5 *

217 203 1 13 *

482 465 2 14 *

523 506 2 14 1

566 545 3 17 1

595 576 2 16 1

637 616 2 17 1

7.2 7.3 1.3 5.4 28.0

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

69 18 48 2

270 82 170 18

794 243 531 20

938 277 634 27

1 105 304 762 39

1 255 328 900 27

1 317 371 913 33

13.5 11.2 14.5 13.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

67 7 27 25 8

139 27 62 27 24

276 89 70 46 71

286 94 67 48 77

311 101 69 60 81

325 103 65 61 95

342 107 59 71 105

5.5 4.7 -4.2 11.6 10.1

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

52

79

109

110

159

167

124

3.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

15

31

86

96

108

116

124

9.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

4

14

13

15

16

15

16

4.6

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

35

554

1 206

1 143

965

692

554

-17.7

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, Alaska ranked 37th in the country for value of exports, which have increased 30 percent since 2000. The fishing, hunting, and trapping industry accounted for more than 50 percent of the state’s exports. Most of these exports were related to fishing. The mining industry ranked second, with exports valued at over $500 million. The state’s top commodity export was zinc ores and concentrates. Japan was Alaska’s number one market for exports, followed by South Korea, Canada, and China. Exports to Switzerland have increased substantially, rising from $2 million in 2001 to over $92 million in 2004. Most of these exports were from the primary metal industry.

Fishing, hunting, and trapping 53.4%

Mining 16.5% Other 11.1% Oil and gas 5.3%

Chemicals 7.5% Petroleum and coal products 6.2%

Table AK-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 418 587 1 821 10

2 516 508 2 002 7

2 739 621 2 110 8

3 157 679 2 472 6

100.0 21.5 78.3 0.2

9.3 5.0 10.7 -17.1

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Fishing, hunting, and trapping (114) ...................................... Mining (212) ........................................................................... Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Petroleum and coal products (324) ........................................ Oil and gas extraction (211) ...................................................

1 184 346 202 134 145

1 351 389 166 130 141

1 401 418 202 153 148

1 686 520 238 196 166

53.4 16.5 7.5 6.2 5.3

12.5 14.6 5.5 13.5 4.6

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... South Korea ........................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. China ..................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

2 339 1 039 463 188 102 115

2 454 1 105 417 155 148 118

2 664 1 032 567 231 154 113

3 116 1 190 580 247 242 147

98.7 37.7 18.4 7.8 7.6 4.6

10.0 4.6 7.8 9.5 33.1 8.4

46

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table AK-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

548 881 045

609 900 715

1 608

1 479

35.4 48.2 16.4

42.0 41.9 16.1

486 827 303 53 003

543 213 367 71 790

24 650 15 968 8 682 44 982

46 143 20 543 25 600 75 768

59.9 31.6 8.6

59.4 28.9 11.7

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

1 195 21.2

1 765 11.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

55.8

60.8

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more ....................................................................... Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

The total value of sales from farming in Alaska reached $46 million in 2002 (the latest year for which data are available from the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture), which was the smallest amount of any state. Greenhouse and nursery products were the most prominent products, followed by dairy items. Over 59 percent of the state’s 609 farms sold total products valued at less than $10,000. ENERGY Energy prices in Alaska were very low in 2001. The state had the second lowest prices in the country, behind only North Dakota. However, energy expenditures per person totaled $4,394, which was the second highest in the nation. In terms of total energy consumption, Alaska ranked among the 20 lowest states, but on a per capita basis, the state ranked first with expenditures of $1,164. The industrial sector was the largest consumer, followed by the transportation, commercial, and residential sectors.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 500

Residential 7.2%

Trillion of Btu

400

Transportation 27.9%

300 200 100 0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Commercial 8.9%

Industrial 56.0%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Table AK-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

61 441 271.9

87 797 324.0

182 041 601.6

232 185 617.2

296 080 736.8

474 187 890.5

584 633 1 062.9

704 355 1 171.3

637 920 1 017.5

736 647 1 164.3

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

16.7 11.8 27.3 44.2

17.2 17.3 26.3 39.2

13.7 16.3 28.0 42.0

15.6 14.5 35.6 34.3

11.8 11.4 46.4 30.3

9.9 12.2 45.5 32.5

8.3 10.3 52.5 28.9

7.2 9.4 58.7 24.7

7.3 9.8 48.7 34.2

7.2 8.9 56.0 27.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

7 189 2 034 45 418 0 3 120 3 681 0 0

9 888 7 670 61 720 0 3 655 4 863 0 0

13 159 64 045 96 001 0 3 806 5 029 0 0

15 271 85 175 123 132 0 3 713 4 894 0 0

4 310 153 805 129 314 0 5 599 3 052 0 0

11 587 214 042 236 977 0 7 816 3 765 0 0

12 387 326 826 226 436 0 10 137 8 792 55 0

12 882 432 813 235 973 0 14 149 8 482 55 0

16 455 333 713 275 493 0 10 220 1 949 91 0

15 897 413 051 292 237 0 13 691 1 671 100 0

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

188 100 622

472 000 1 255

1 010 600 2 515

1 869 200 3 510

2 077 900 3 778

2 062 200 3 429

2 834 000 4 520

2 780 000 4 394

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.39 2.30 1.67 0.78 1.39

2.70 3.24 2.60 1.83 3.06

5.05 6.62 4.16 1.91 7.31

5.93 9.16 6.93 2.54 7.27

6.87 10.36 7.97 2.62 7.54

6.40 9.37 7.33 3.17 6.83

8.52 12.49 8.78 5.26 8.60

8.12 11.79 10.17 5.09 7.93

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

ALASKA

47

Table AK-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 288 164

100.0

1 966.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

47 368

3.7

72.3

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

168 392 168 392 28 262 49 873 40 660 43 222

13.1 13.1 2.2 3.9 3.2 3.4

257.1 257.1 43.2 76.1 62.1 66.0

1 003.4 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

83 738 23 713 43 782 9 090

6.5 1.8 3.4 0.7

127.8 36.2 66.8 13.9

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

988 666 339 564 646 851

76.8 26.4 50.2

1 509.4 518.4 987.6

847.6 105.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Alaska

2,000

Dollars

Total state per capita revenues and expenditures were quite high in Alaska. The state ranked first in the nation for its per capita expenditures of about $10,975, far exceeding Vermont, which ranked second with per capita expenditures of $5,806. However, the state’s per capita taxes remained low, partly reflecting the large federal government expenditures directed to the state. Alaska was the only state with neither an individual income tax nor a sales tax. The state’s permanent fund, which is derived from oil revenues, provides income dividends to Alaska residents. These distributions are shown in the “other taxes” revenue category in Table 17 and included in the severance totals in Table 16.

1,500 1,000 500 0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Corporation net income

Table AK-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 098 669 1 997 175 1 120 133 0 152 132 70 107 0 207 075 690 819 349 567 2 631 794

100.0 32.7 18.4 0.0 2.5 1.1 0.0 3.4 11.3 5.7 43.2

9 411.5 3 082.1 1 728.6 0.0 234.8 108.2 0.0 319.6 1 066.1 539.5 4 061.4

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

7 111 497 1 091 391 6 020 106

100.0 15.3 84.7

10 974.5 1 684.2 9 290.3

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 693 672 1 312 794 35 437 168 955 810 807 83 961 182 046 256 006 9 657 377 700 256 233 1 924 229

23.8 18.5 0.5 2.4 11.4 1.2 2.6 3.6 0.1 5.3 3.6 27.1

2 613.7 2 025.9 54.7 260.7 1 251.2 129.6 280.9 395.1 14.9 582.9 395.4 2 969.5

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 829 798

X

8 996.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

42 721 407

X

65 928.1

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

48

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AK-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.) Item

State

Educational Attainment, 2004

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

387

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

90.2 25.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

134 364 ... 14.8 500 17.2 9 870

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

8.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

30 066 1 363 64.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Alaska

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Alaska had an above average proportion of student-age population. More than 21 percent of Alaska’s population fell between the ages of 5 and 17 years, which ranked second in the nation (behind only Utah). In 2004, the state’s student/teacher ratio was among the 10 highest in the nation. Alaska was one of 8 states with a proportion of high school graduates exceeding 90 percent. However, the state’s college attainment level of 25.5 percent was below the U.S. average. Alaska’s per student expenditures exceeded the national average and ranked eighth among the states. Alaska’s dropout rate of 8.1 percent was the second highest among the 46 states reporting data.

Alaska had relatively high voter turnout in both the 2000 and 2004 elections. Almost two-thirds of eligible voters went to the polls in both 2000 and 2004, ranking the state 6th and 10th in the nation, respectively, in terms of participation rates. Voting rates were about even for men and women in Alaska, while women had higher rates of voting in most other states. The state tended to vote for Republican candidates. In 2000, 58.6 percent of Alaskans voted for the Republican presidential candidate; in 2004, this proportion was 61.1 percent, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table AK-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

412 202 210

399 197 202

96.8 97.4 96.3

299 148 150

72.5 73.4 71.6

270 133 137

65.5 65.7 65.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

451 224 227

434 219 215

96.2 97.8 94.5

334 168 167

74.0 74.8 73.3

293 146 148

65.0 65.1 64.9

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

359 343 13 24 22 376 359 15 25

350 336 13 17 18 367 352 14 18

97.3 98.1 B B B 97.4 98.1 B B

278 269 9 9 13 290 280 11 10

77.3 78.4 B B B 77.0 78.0 B B

249 241 8 7 10 259 251 9 8

69.3 70.4 B B B 68.9 69.9 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

60 178 166 30 18

58 167 163 30 17

B 93.5 98.2 B B

37 125 135 23 13

B 70.5 81.4 B B

31 107 122 22 11

B 60.2 73.8 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

ARIZONA At a Glance: • Arizona’s population was just over 5.7 million in 2004, ranking the state as the 18th largest in the nation. • Non-Hispanic Whites composed 61.1 percent of the population, and 3.1 percent of the state’s residents were Black. Nearly 5 percent of residents were American Indian or Alaska Native, giving Arizona the 7th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Hispanics (of any race) made up 28 percent of the population, which was among the 5 highest proportions of this racial group in the country. • Median household income in Arizona was just below the national average, ranking 24th in the country. • The state’s poverty rate of 14.4 percent was above the national average of 12.7 percent. Arizona’s rate was the 13th highest rate in the nation. • The unemployment rate, at 5 percent, was below the national average in 2004. • Real gross state product (GSP) grew strongly during the 2000–2004 period, seemingly unaffected by the recessionary forces felt elsewhere. In 2004, Arizona had the 22nd largest GSP in the country. Table AZ-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 665 228 1.5

5 130 632 1.8

5 743 834 2.0

X X

2.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 810 691 1 854 537

2 561 057 2 569 575

2 873 663 2 870 171

50.0 50.0

2.9 2.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

292 859 688 260 649 048 2 684 109 392 680 1 163 607 478 774 37 717

382 386 984 561 3 763 685 514 101 1 511 469 1 070 276 667 839 68 525

449 904 1 097 356 4 196 574 570 795 1 630 429 1 263 279 732 071 85 886

7.8 19.1 73.1 9.9 28.4 22.0 12.7 1.5

2.9 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.5 4.9 3.1 6.2

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.0

34.2

34.1

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

4.0

United States 3.0

3.0

Arizona’s population grew quite substantially over the 2000–2004 period. Its growth rate of 12 percent was the second highest in the nation, exceeded only by Nevada. Over two-thirds of this population increase was due to net immigration, with about 60 percent of these new residents migrating from other states and about 40 percent immigrating from abroad. Arizona was the second most popular destination for people moving from other states, behind only Florida. The two largest metropolitan areas in Arizona were Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale and Tucson. Nearly 256,000 of Arizona’s residents were American Indian, giving the state the second highest number of residents of this racial group in the country.

3.4

Arizona

2.9

2.0

1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

49

50

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AZ-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 665 228

5 130 632

5 743 834

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

71.7 2.9 5.6 1.5 9.1 ...

64.2 3.0 4.6 1.9 ... 1.1

61.1 3.1 4.5 2.1 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

18.8

25.3

28.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Two or more races

40

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

30

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

20 American Indian, Alaska Native 10 Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Arizona had the third highest birth rate in the nation. The state’s teenage birth rate was the fourth highest in the United States. The infant mortality rate was below the U.S. average. More than 17 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance. Table AZ-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

90 967 16.3 61.1

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.7

6.9

795.3 782.5 974.8 979.9 462.7 758.3

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.1 14.7 9.9

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Arizona

750

500

250

0

All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table AZ-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

41 458

795.3

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

14 171 9 192 2 527 2 459 1 100 1 225 1 195 1 018 627 396 812 869 663 608 474 469 436 160 110 66 91 45

274.3 173.8 47.9 47.2 20.9 23.9 23.8 19.4 12.0 7.6 15.6 16.5 12.8 12.0 9.3 8.8 8.5 3.2 2.2 1.3 1.6 0.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

51

ARIZONA

Table AZ-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 368 843 940 106 747 806 192 300 49 980 142 320 428 737 337 681 91 056

1 901 327 1 287 367 986 303 301 064 90 283 210 781 613 960 472 006 141 954

2 131 534 1 434 980 1 089 028 345 952 87 904 258 048 696 554 562 106 134 448

2.9 2.8 2.5 3.5 -0.7 5.2 3.2 4.5 -1.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.62 1 659 430 1 368 843 878 561 490 282

2.64 2 189 189 1 901 327 1 293 556 607 771

2.64 2 458 231 2 131 534 1 463 860 667 674

X 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

438 79 700

619 121 300

691 145 741

2.8 4.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000 750

Dollars

Dollars

Arizona 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Arizona

10,000

250

0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table AZ-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 761 42 272 41 737 45 570 43 638

14.4 13.5 13.5 14.6 11.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 934 42 926 38 425 37 923 37 988 39 453 39 276 38 736 41 572 40 955

12.2 16.6 17.2 20.5 16.1 15.9 15.4 15.8 14.8 13.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 004 40 559 42 536 41 931 39 979 37 069 ... ... ... ...

14.1 14.1 12.8 14.3 10.7 18.2 16.3 14.8 11.7 12.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

52

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AZ-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 266 277 393 884 746 779 553 634

2 778 131 298 707 620 613 329 80

65.1 47.2 75.9 80.0 83.1 78.7 59.4 12.7

2 637 103 272 673 598 596 319 76

5.1 21.1 8.8 4.8 3.6 2.8 2.8 5.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 101 140 195 458 380 372 272

1 536 62 166 421 346 325 181

73.1 44.3 85.1 92.0 91.2 87.3 66.3

1 458 45 153 400 335 318 176

5.0 27.2 8.2 4.9 3.4 2.3 2.8

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 166 137 197 426 367 406 281

1 242 69 132 286 274 288 148

57.4 50.3 66.9 67.1 74.8 70.8 52.7

1 179 58 119 273 263 278 144

5.1 15.5 9.5 4.6 4.0 3.3 2.8

1 192 1 142 241

893 635 167

74.9 55.6 69.4

874 615 157

2.1 3.1 6.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 880 1 924 1 956

2 526 1 410 1 116

65.1 73.3 57.1

2 405 1 344 1 061

4.8 4.7 4.9

Black ..................................................... Men .......................................................

136 67

92 49

67.6 73.7

83 44

10.0 10.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

Asian .....................................................

94

59

62.8

56

4.5

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 171 600 570

803 500 304

68.6 83.2 53.3

752 469 282

6.4 6.0 7.1

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

246 343 797 670 704 520 600

117 267 642 557 558 309 76

47.8 77.9 80.5 83.0 79.3 59.5 12.7

93 246 613 537 544 301 72

20.6 7.7 4.6 3.4 2.6 2.8 5.8

Hispanic or Latino1 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................

159 345 227

126 258 183

79.0 74.8 80.5

115 244 172

8.3 5.2 5.5

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table AZ-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

2 774 244 2 706 934 2 653 195 2 573 817 2 506 638

2 636 773 2 553 169 2 494 153 2 453 066 2 405 821

137 471 153 765 159 042 120 751 100 817

5.0 5.7 6.0 4.7 4.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 466 281 2 382 361 2 302 734 2 271 474 2 214 148 2 105 869 1 961 825 1 893 991 1 819 740 1 788 243

2 355 357 2 278 864 2 196 901 2 145 573 2 095 749 1 976 722 1 836 869 1 753 764 1 715 227 1 694 080

110 924 103 497 105 833 125 901 118 399 129 147 124 956 140 227 104 513 94 163

4.5 4.3 4.6 5.5 5.3 6.1 6.4 7.4 5.7 5.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Arizona

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

53

ARIZONA

Table AZ-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 856 941 22 552 2 834 389 2 435 948 23 918 12 960 11 289 214 599 211 289 170 482 40 807 105 811 328 290 81 212 61 481 150 491 134 332 170 065 22 628 232 810 32 328 233 941 54 848 213 670 139 986 398 441

2 877 247 22 334 2 854 913 2 444 952 23 938 11 689 11 372 212 943 194 021 154 534 39 487 103 999 333 382 81 123 58 758 153 495 139 532 169 400 22 872 230 338 37 093 243 407 56 650 214 229 146 711 409 961

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

33 023 26 582 33 056 33 037 15 000 47 327 64 513 34 024 47 966 51 398 33 080 48 679 24 426 37 053 43 469 46 449 30 662 49 127 53 305 23 489 27 301 34 204 29 143 14 474 21 371 33 154

33 709 31 843 33 718 33 504 15 549 46 891 66 964 34 447 48 859 52 749 33 011 48 729 24 799 37 474 42 740 47 379 31 989 49 726 54 003 24 274 28 843 35 776 30 034 14 856 21 594 34 742

2 941 541 22 994 2 918 547 2 499 757 21 896 11 715 11 691 220 192 186 415 147 686 38 729 102 925 341 677 81 642 57 494 158 363 148 583 173 638 22 346 238 163 40 493 258 794 56 906 217 938 148 886 418 790

3 046 430 23 315 3 023 115 2 600 477 21 696 12 355 11 742 236 758 186 967 148 945 38 022 105 888 357 266 83 687 55 926 162 376 157 776 181 497 23 950 250 842 44 140 270 260 58 981 226 142 152 228 422 638

2.2 1.1 2.2 2.2 -3.2 -1.6 1.3 3.3 -4.0 -4.4 -2.3 0.0 2.9 1.0 -3.1 2.6 5.5 2.2 1.9 2.5 10.9 4.9 2.5 1.9 2.8 2.0

36 298 24 290 36 362 36 089 17 719 53 467 67 101 36 068 52 657 56 740 36 005 53 772 26 434 40 985 45 747 52 238 35 930 52 500 68 761 26 388 32 870 38 948 29 597 16 004 22 945 37 694

3.2 -3.0 3.2 3.0 5.7 4.1 1.3 2.0 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.4 2.7 3.4 1.7 4.0 5.4 2.2 8.9 4.0 6.4 4.4 0.5 3.4 2.4 4.4

Dollars 34 710 25 892 34 757 34 484 16 650 50 147 66 665 34 942 50 495 54 472 34 742 50 031 25 604 38 666 43 653 50 452 33 436 49 952 59 260 24 993 30 444 37 045 29 649 15 319 22 163 36 049

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET In 2004, Arizona’s unemployment rate of 5 percent was below the national average, indicating a strong recovery from the 2001 recession. Employment growth was well above the national average during the 2000–2004 period and showed no overall declines, unlike most other states. Total nonfarm employment increased by 6.7 percent, with the strongest growth in educational services, real estate and rental and leasing, and health care and social assistance. Manufacturing employment declined over the period but represented only a small proportion of total jobs. Arizona’s average wages of $36,298 ranked 22nd in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.9%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 11.7%

42.1%

Health care and social assistance Administrative and waste services

8.9% 8.2% 7.4%

7.8%

Construction Accommodation and food services Other

54

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AZ-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

19 939 15 105 2 875 1 958 304 1 654 1 810 -80 18 049 5 055 2 969 26 073 25 606 467

44 718 34 174 6 746 3 798 453 3 345 5 151 228 39 795 14 485 8 369 62 649 62 009 639

100 633 75 990 14 092 10 551 316 10 235 11 159 522 89 997 25 454 17 107 132 558 131 898 659

105 085 78 512 14 987 11 586 467 11 119 11 709 564 93 940 25 454 19 460 138 854 138 045 809

108 852 80 154 16 490 12 207 642 11 566 12 141 549 97 260 25 188 21 652 144 101 143 063 1 038

114 714 83 864 17 955 12 895 453 12 442 12 763 573 102 523 25 730 23 463 151 716 150 914 802

125 187 90 670 20 056 14 462 601 13 860 13 790 620 112 018 26 887 25 419 164 324 163 384 940

5.6 4.5 9.2 8.2 17.5 7.9 5.4 4.4 5.6 1.4 10.4 5.5 5.5 9.3

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 524

17 005

25 660

26 214

26 494

27 193

28 609

2.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

United States Arizona

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

2004

Year

Real gross state product showed substantial growth between 2001 and 2004, with particular increases over the 2003–2004 period, when the economy posted a gain of 7.1 percent (second only to its neighbor, Nevada). Manufacturing, real estate, and retail trade made the largest contributions to Arizona’s growth over the period. Housing activity also provided a major stimulus. Housing prices were up sharply over the 2000–2004 period, according to the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight. However, the median value of owner-occupied housing remained below the U.S. average.

Table AZ-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

127 439 1.5

138 173 1.5

149 036 1.6

157 639 1.6

162 407 1.7

167 980 1.7

175 536 1.7

187 953 1.8

5.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

109 751 1 224 1 417 2 269 8 001 13 296 10.4 7 430 10 440 3 730 3 595 9 825 17 875 31 906 25.0 6 993 1 471 5 789 525 8 067 1 230 4 737 3 094 17 828 14.0

119 929 1 389 1 232 2 373 8 548 16 649 12.0 8 462 11 134 3 988 4 039 10 278 18 572 33 660 24.4 7 567 1 460 6 199 621 8 290 1 318 4 917 3 288 18 307 13.2

130 417 1 499 1 277 2 513 8 921 19 484 13.1 9 053 11 920 4 288 4 753 11 183 19 855 35 736 24.0 8 188 1 536 6 806 660 8 643 1 466 5 144 3 293 18 631 12.5

138 624 1 609 1 374 2 770 9 154 20 677 13.1 9 289 12 978 4 576 5 583 11 403 20 552 38 660 24.5 10 451 1 480 6 720 714 9 080 1 580 5 423 3 212 19 015 12.1

142 884 1 619 1 078 2 606 9 204 23 128 14.2 10 104 13 996 4 329 5 618 12 060 21 104 38 220 23.5 9 189 2 063 6 490 765 9 524 1 678 5 246 3 265 19 524 12.0

148 135 2 246 976 2 747 9 103 23 625 14.1 10 341 14 846 4 761 5 674 13 181 21 520 39 304 23.4 9 284 2 113 6 714 792 10 149 1 728 5 302 3 222 19 860 11.8

155 235 1 741 1 081 3 093 9 238 25 954 14.8 10 047 16 013 5 134 5 945 14 471 21 742 41 225 23.5 9 629 2 352 7 178 842 10 887 1 675 5 445 3 217 20 346 11.6

166 929 1 628 1 067 3 164 9 824 28 259 15.0 10 774 17 471 5 534 6 427 15 525 23 547 44 349 23.6 10 324 2 778 7 732 922 11 578 1 711 5 843 3 461 21 122 11.2

5.3 0.2 -0.3 6.7 2.2 6.9 X 2.2 7.7 8.5 4.6 8.8 3.7 5.1 X 4.0 10.4 6.0 6.4 6.7 0.7 3.7 2.0 2.7 X

X = Not applicable.

55

ARIZONA

Table AZ-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 773

7 886

15 959

18 170

20 497

22 383

24 320

11.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 586 1 456 64 61 5

4 084 3 703 112 260 9

7 543 7 166 145 220 12

8 133 7 716 148 253 15

8 704 8 246 153 285 20

9 179 8 689 155 310 24

9 752 9 245 158 323 26

6.6 6.6 2.2 10.1 20.8

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

534 391 125 18

2 414 1 602 739 74

5 899 3 443 2 366 90

7 168 3 853 3 182 134

8 288 4 171 3 928 189

9 329 4 463 4 706 159

10 625 4 974 5 466 185

15.9 9.6 23.3 19.8

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

241 55 40 105 42

681 142 145 258 136

1 448 355 172 246 674

1 533 383 185 299 665

1 821 407 220 404 790

2 115 430 239 524 923

2 288 449 220 596 1 023

12.1 6.0 6.2 24.8 11.0 17.9

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

95

164

186

297

504

512

359

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

236

317

557

605

678

734

797

9.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

55

140

240

292

336

347

369

11.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

26

87

87

143

166

168

130

10.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Arizona ranked 17th in the nation in terms of the value of its exports. Computers and electronic products accounted for 42 percent of total exports, followed by transportation equipment. Mexico, which shares a border with Arizona, was the top recipient of the state’s exports, followed by Canada. Exports to Malaysia fell sharply from 2003 to 2004, primarily as a result of a 60 percent drop in computers and electronic exports. However, Malaysia remains among the state’s top five markets. Exports to China increased from $142 million in 2001 to $629 million in 2004, when the country became the sixth largest market for Arizona’s goods.

Computers and electronic products 42.0%

Transportation equipment 18.8%

Machinery 8.1% Other 21.1%

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 6.2% Fabricated metal products 3.9%

Table AZ-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

12 514 11 747 455 311

11 871 11 251 385 235

13 323 12 544 496 283

13 423 12 628 476 319

100.0 94.1 3.5 2.4

2.4 2.4 1.5 0.8

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) ................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

5 507 2 513 801 502 595

5 540 2 262 684 547 526

6 731 2 135 808 526 531

5 635 2 518 1 087 826 521

42.0 18.8 8.1 6.2 3.9

0.8 0.1 10.7 18.1 -4.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Malaysia ................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ United Kingdom .....................................................................

11 679 3 581 1 336 915 595 984

11 206 3 044 1 167 1 211 525 928

12 368 3 230 1 131 1 629 607 742

12 446 3 794 1 387 744 688 657

92.7 28.3 10.3 5.5 5.1 4.9

2.1 1.9 1.3 -6.7 5.0 -12.6

56

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table AZ-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 8 507 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 27 169 627 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

7 294 26 586 577

3 194

3 645

51.4 26.7 22.0

58.0 24.4 17.6

1 293 804 407 59 057

1 456 759 398 88 651

1 970 801 1 275 987 694 814 231 668

2 395 447 1 587 775 807 672 328 413

60.5 22.6 16.9

64.3 19.4 16.3

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

25 134 18.6

31 760 11.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

48.2

58.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming were a relatively small share of Arizona’s gross state product (GSP), totaling only about $1.6 billion of the state’s $188 billion GSP. The top commodities were cattle, dairy, lettuce, cotton, and greenhouse/nursery products. Arizona ranked second in the nation for lettuce acreage. The value of agricultural products sold was nearly $2.4 billion, which ranked 29th among all the states. Farms with sales of less than $10,000 accounted for the largest proportion of sales. ENERGY Energy prices were relatively high—the state ranked 11th in the nation in this category. However, given its favorable climate and relatively low industrial and commercial consumption, the state’s per capita consumption ranked 44th in the nation. Expenditures per person ($2,014) were the third lowest in the country in 2001; only Florida and Utah had lower expenditures. The transportation sector was the largest user of energy, followed by the residential and commercial sectors. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

900

Residential 25.4%

600

Transportation 35.2%

300

0

-300

Industrial 16.4% Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 23.1%

Table AZ-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

283 132 217.5

375 408 237.0

520 426 293.1

660 437 289.1

755 280 277.9

842 825 264.7

950 450 259.3

1 089 523 253.0

1 335 051 260.2

1 352 978 255.4

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

17.3 23.7 17.8 41.2

15.6 15.5 31.7 37.2

17.1 15.7 29.9 37.3

19.7 18.5 27.0 34.8

20.4 18.3 26.1 35.2

21.9 20.1 23.2 34.8

23.1 22.7 19.9 34.2

22.6 22.0 21.1 34.3

24.7 23.3 17.5 34.5

25.4 23.1 16.4 35.2

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

210 140 275 121 480 0 32 169 4 013 -51 -14 962

7 030 166 063 145 913 0 46 400 3 695 -97 6 404

8 623 204 383 213 266 0 64 580 4 339 -175 25 411

92 449 164 346 306 742 0 75 484 5 414 -47 16 051

244 994 173 977 301 248 0 102 171 17 846 -138 -84 818

342 013 137 315 316 909 12 005 146 123 23 981 0 -135 520

343 407 130 781 347 128 217 965 79 756 13 365 3 931 -185 882

342 895 127 944 410 324 283 526 87 430 15 246 5 359 -183 201

432 810 208 137 512 888 316 839 88 169 11 885 4 019 -239 695

424 072 245 236 524 155 300 109 80 373 10 513 3 835 -235 316

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

743 700 419

1 795 000 786

4 169 000 1 534

5 454 700 1 713

6 502 000 1 774

7 692 300 1 786

10 594 200 2 065

10 671 800 2 014

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.97 2.95 2.51 1.00 2.20

3.87 5.27 4.68 2.54 3.93

8.38 11.09 9.99 5.27 8.79

10.03 16.31 15.25 6.56 8.40

11.19 18.35 16.14 7.92 8.69

11.27 19.69 16.67 7.66 8.88

12.79 19.61 16.18 8.33 11.26

12.68 19.80 16.85 8.61 10.64

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

2001

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

57

ARIZONA

Table AZ-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

9 606 318

100.0

1 672.4

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

346 427

3.6

60.3

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

6 070 737 4 719 642 1 351 095 55 954 312 852 671 765 274 716

63.2 49.1 14.1 0.6 3.3 7.0 2.9

1 056.9 821.7 235.2 9.7 54.5 117.0 47.8

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

289 803 161 398 63 308

3.0 1.7 0.7

50.4 28.1 11.0

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

2 899 351 2 315 865 525 650

30.2 24.1 5.5

504.8 403.2 91.5

847.6 673.6 105.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 2,500

United States Arizona

2,000

Dollars

State revenue amounted to $16.9 billion in 2003, the fourth lowest in the country in per capita terms. Arizona’s per capita expenditures of $3,137 were among the five lowest in the United States. Per capita spending on education and public assistance was particularly below those of other states. Only per capita highway expenditures were above the U.S. average. State taxes collected in 2004 amounted to $1,672 per person, ranking 41st in the country. Individual state income taxes were $403 per capita. The largest share of taxes collected came from sales taxes. Among the 37 states with property taxes, Arizona ranked 12th.

1,500 1,000 500 0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table AZ-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

16 890 346 6 092 557 8 691 761 4 332 982 1 178 497 271 023 2 102 361 389 406 417 492 988 573 1 117 455

100.0 36.1 51.5 25.7 7.0 1.6 12.4 2.3 2.5 5.9 6.6

3 027.5 1 092.0 1 557.9 776.7 211.2 48.6 376.8 69.8 74.8 177.2 200.3

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

17 503 052 6 936 753 10 566 299

100.0 39.6 60.4

3 137.3 1 243.4 1 893.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 419 012 4 482 224 53 792 845 027 1 839 644 172 512 731 041 231 187 108 807 464 598 192 416 1 962 792

36.7 25.6 0.3 4.8 10.5 1.0 4.2 1.3 0.6 2.7 1.1 11.2

1 150.6 803.4 9.6 151.5 329.7 30.9 131.0 41.4 19.5 83.3 34.5 351.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 554 020

X

995.5

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

34 307 037

X

6 149.3

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

58

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AZ-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S. 100

3 510

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

84.4 28.0

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

937 755 50.9 15.4 1 801 21.3 6 282

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

10.5

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

409 157 23 372 54.9

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Arizona 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Arizona’s population, age 25 years and over, ranked slightly below the national average for high school attainment and above average for college attainment. The student/teacher ratio was the second highest in the nation, topped only by Utah’s ratio. Expenditures per student in grades K–12 were among the 10 lowest in the country. These figures reflected the state’s large population growth in recent years and its high proportion of student-age population. Arizona had the highest dropout rate out of the 46 states reporting data. Nearly 51 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reducedprice lunch.

Arizona did not have strong voter turnout in the 2000 and 2004 elections. Only 46.7 percent of those eligible voted in 2000, giving the state the third lowest turnout in the country. Although the participation rate rose to 54.3 percent in 2004, this rate was still well below the national average. The vote for president favored the Republican candidate, who received 51 percent of the vote in 2000 and 54.9 percent in 2004, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table AZ-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 524 1 734 1 789

3 129 1 528 1 601

88.8 88.1 89.5

1 879 885 994

53.3 51.0 55.5

1 644 773 871

46.7 44.6 48.7

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 122 2 008 2 114

3 508 1 687 1 822

85.1 84.0 86.2

2 485 1 166 1 319

60.3 58.0 62.4

2 239 1 034 1 205

54.3 51.5 57.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White .................................................... Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 747 3 747 2 622 142 57 1 160 3 779 2 650 152 63

3 168 3 168 2 564 136 38 629 3 196 2 592 146 44

84.5 84.5 97.8 95.7 B 54.2 84.6 97.8 96.0 B

2 305 2 305 1 962 81 20 354 2 320 1 977 84 23

61.5 61.5 74.8 57.0 B 30.5 61.4 74.6 55.3 B

2 094 2 094 1 803 66 17 296 2 109 1 818 70 20

55.9 55.9 68.8 46.6 B 25.5 55.8 68.6 45.6 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

522 1 616 1 339 363 283

436 1 256 1 189 344 283

83.4 77.8 88.8 94.9 100.0

249 819 960 248 209

47.8 50.7 71.7 68.2 74.0

184 708 914 239 194

35.2 43.8 68.3 65.8 68.7

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

ARKANSAS At a Glance: •

Arkansas’s population was just under 2.8 million in 2004, making it the 32nd most populous state in the nation. Over 77 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White, and 15.6 percent was Black (the 12th largest concentration of this racial group in the nation). Hispanic residents (of any race) made up only 4.4 percent of the population, ranking Arkansas relatively low in terms of representation of this ethnic group. About half the state’s population growth between 2000 and 2004 was due to immigration, both from other states and from abroad. Median household income in Arkansas was low, ranking 48th in the country. Arkansas’s poverty rate of 15.1 percent was the 9th highest in the nation. The state’s unemployment rate, 5.7 percent in 2004, was only slightly higher than the national average. Arkansas was among three states in which less than 80 percent of residents age 25 years and over had completed high school. Arkansas also had the second lowest proportion of population with a bachelor’s degree or more.

•

• • • •

Table AR-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

2 350 725 0.9

2 673 400 0.9

2 752 629 0.9

X X

0.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 133 076 1 217 649

1 304 693 1 368 707

1 348 719 1 403 910

49.0 51.0

0.8 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

164 667 456 464 456 732 1 729 594 237 056 685 748 350 058 35 216

181 585 498 784 1 993 031 261 738 750 972 606 302 374 019 46 492

185 555 490 995 2 076 079 279 818 745 046 670 109 381 106 47 842

6.7 17.8 75.4 10.2 27.1 24.3 13.8 1.7

0.7 0.5 1.3 1.2 0.6 2.8 0.6 2.4

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.7

36.0

36.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

Arkansas’s population increased by 3 percent between 2000 and 2004, a growth rate well below the U.S. average but slightly above those of its immediate neighbors, Missouri and Louisiana. The number of births from 2000 to 2004 was low relative to the number of deaths. As a result, about half of the state’s growth was due to inmigration. Arkansas’s largest metropolitan areas were Little Rock-North Little Rock and FayettevilleSpringdale-Rogers (shared with Missouri), both located in the northwest area of the state. In 2004, 13.8 percent of the state’s population was 65 years old and over. This was the ninth highest proportion in the nation.

Percent change per year

2.0 United States Arkansas

1.5

1.3 1. 2

1. 0

0.9

1.1 0 .7

0. 5 0 .3 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

59

60

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AR-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

2 350 725

2 673 400

2 752 629

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

82.2 15.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 ...

78.7 15.6 0.6 0.8 ... 1.0

77.2 15.6 0.6 1.0 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.8

3.2

4.4

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

Asian and Pacific Islander

24

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

16

American Indian, Alaska Native Non-Hispanic Black

8

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Arkansas’s birth rate was slightly below the U.S. average, but the teenage birth rate was the sixth highest in the nation. The state’s infant mortality rate was above the national average in 2004, despite having declined substantially since 1995. Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher than average in major categories. Table AR-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

37 784 13.9 59.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

8.3

6.9

961.8 943.5 1 191.2 ... 609.0 244.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

16.4 6.8 3.8

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Arkansas

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table AR-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

28 163

961.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

11 133 6 155 1 405 1 285 754 770 478 659 541 478 369 423 228 157 133 194 137 73 57 57 63 76

375.8 210.1 47.4 46.7 25.8 25.8 15.9 24.3 18.3 16.2 13.7 15.7 8.0 6.0 4.8 7.2 4.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

61

ARKANSAS

Table AR-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

891 179 651 555 527 358 124 197 25 273 98 924 239 624 213 778 25 846

1 042 696 732 261 566 401 165 860 39 299 126 561 310 435 266 585 43 850

1 099 086 745 795 546 309 199 486 45 421 154 065 353 291 302 441 50 850

1.3 0.5 -0.9 4.7 3.7 5.0 3.3 3.2 3.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.57 1 000 667 891 179 619 938 271 241

2.49 1 173 043 1 042 696 723 535 319 161

2.43 1 233 203 1 099 086 720 053 379 033

X 1.3 1.3 -0.1 4.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

328 46 000

453 72 800

517 79 006

3.4 2.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Arkansas

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Arkansas

10,000

250

0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table AR-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

34 963 32 862 34 019 35 576 32 574

15.1 17.8 19.8 17.8 16.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 644 32 018 30 705 32 512 31 774 32 232 29 659 31 510 31 696 31 933

14.7 14.7 19.7 17.2 14.9 15.3 20.0 17.5 17.3 19.6

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

31 531 30 950 29 938 30 799 29 220 27 119 ... ... ... ...

18.3 21.6 21.8 21.3 22.9 23.9 21.5 23.8 24.1 21.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

62

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AR-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 102 145 189 369 372 371 291 365

1 308 65 136 313 293 290 161 48

62.2 45.0 72.1 84.9 78.8 78.2 55.3 13.3

1 231 50 123 295 280 280 156 47

5.9 24.1 9.6 5.9 4.5 3.4 3.2 3.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 008 70 87 186 189 186 142

707 34 68 173 167 155 85

70.1 48.4 78.7 92.6 88.3 83.5 60.1

668 26 63 164 160 150 82

5.5 23.2 7.2 5.1 4.3 3.4 4.2

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 094 75 103 182 183 186 149

601 31 68 140 126 135 76

54.9 41.7 66.4 77.0 69.0 73.0 50.8

562 23 60 131 120 131 74

6.4 25.1 12.0 6.8 4.8 3.5 2.1

613 581 138

455 343 93

74.3 59.1 67.3

444 335 81

2.4 2.5 12.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 718 833 885

1 066 591 475

62.1 71.0 53.6

1 016 564 451

4.7 4.5 5.0

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

307 137 170

192 86 106

62.4 62.7 62.2

167 75 93

12.8 13.1 12.5

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men .......................................................

70 40

51 35

73.9 87.0

49 34

5.3 3.9

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

110 141 288 306 302 245 327

52 105 246 241 238 141 43

47.3 74.3 85.5 78.9 78.8 57.5 13.3

41 98 235 232 231 136 42

21.3 5.9 4.6 3.8 2.9 3.1 3.4

Black 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................

66 53 55

55 43 40

83.7 81.5 72.2

49 40 36

11.8 8.5 8.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table AR-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 306 227 1 279 451 1 273 675 1 252 300 1 256 147

1 232 126 1 204 539 1 205 232 1 193 249 1 203 421

74 101 74 912 68 443 59 051 52 726

5.7 5.9 5.4 4.7 4.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 253 739 1 241 706 1 240 404 1 242 883 1 229 608 1 213 191 1 178 435 1 155 737 1 127 094 1 125 962

1 198 016 1 179 338 1 177 143 1 179 020 1 170 593 1 148 393 1 106 257 1 073 382 1 045 941 1 049 819

55 723 62 368 63 261 63 863 59 015 64 798 72 178 82 355 81 153 76 143

4.4 5.0 5.1 5.1 4.8 5.3 6.1 7.1 7.2 6.8

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Arkansas

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

63

ARKANSAS

Table AR-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 498 575 62 395 1 436 180 1 226 562 19 577 7 015 7 042 91 700 232 852 127 987 104 865 50 263 165 672 70 947 23 473 47 770 37 667 49 847 22 493 68 340 13 557 137 891 15 991 83 844 80 621 209 618

1 496 886 62 221 1 434 665 1 224 112 20 148 6 407 6 981 91 330 219 812 118 778 101 034 49 306 165 215 72 858 22 471 49 015 37 761 50 278 23 123 69 022 14 971 142 085 16 253 84 643 82 433 210 553

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

26 632 19 434 26 713 26 684 21 667 37 878 53 091 28 987 29 815 30 104 29 467 37 207 17 676 32 963 35 042 37 218 21 676 39 724 58 864 16 399 17 909 28 158 14 016 10 555 18 661 26 853

27 461 19 617 27 547 27 419 22 123 38 135 54 336 30 162 30 721 31 229 30 131 38 898 18 284 33 803 35 490 37 842 22 764 39 165 60 165 17 205 18 657 28 936 14 287 10 857 19 340 28 147

1 501 287 61 503 1 439 784 1 225 615 18 418 7 136 6 891 90 431 211 707 113 176 98 531 48 880 164 695 72 197 22 723 49 456 38 948 51 822 23 964 71 702 15 576 146 848 16 418 85 845 81 958 214 169

1 524 242 60 657 1 463 585 1 247 831 18 448 7 592 6 711 91 719 209 741 111 837 97 904 50 435 167 667 71 609 22 560 49 922 41 063 55 436 23 096 76 026 16 171 150 310 16 687 89 076 83 562 215 754

0.6 -0.9 0.6 0.6 -2.0 2.7 -1.6 0.0 -3.4 -4.4 -2.3 0.1 0.4 0.3 -1.3 1.5 2.9 3.6 0.9 3.6 6.1 2.9 1.4 2.0 1.2 1.0

29 632 22 880 29 703 29 465 23 850 41 710 60 963 30 614 33 207 33 836 32 499 43 486 19 519 35 588 38 731 41 703 24 611 43 491 65 316 18 857 20 609 31 025 15 023 11 369 20 620 30 806

3.6 5.6 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 4.7 1.8 3.7 4.0 3.3 5.3 3.4 2.6 3.4 3.9 4.3 3.1 3.5 4.8 4.8 3.3 2.3 2.5 3.4 4.7

Dollars 28 270 18 213 28 384 28 193 22 987 39 512 56 447 29 664 31 833 32 435 31 150 40 408 19 003 33 910 36 516 39 866 22 919 40 171 61 458 17 871 19 807 29 656 14 531 11 090 19 889 29 263

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Arkansas’s unemployment rate in 2004 was 5.7 percent, only slightly above the national average. Government and manufacturing were the largest employment sectors in Arkansas—each accounted for about 14 percent of total employment in 2004—followed by retail trade. Total nonfarm employment grew 1.7 percent over the 2001–2004 period, which nearly equaled the national growth rate. Most of the economic growth occurred in the service-providing sector (particularly in health care, educational, real estate, and managerial services). The number of jobs in construction was static, while most states saw growth in this industry. Earnings growth in Arkansas slightly outpaced the nation’s average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.2%

Government and government enterprises Manufacturing

39.4% 13.8%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance Construction

11.0% 5.8%

6.0%

9.9%

Accommodation and food services Other

64

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AR-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

12 837 9 338 1 879 1 620 179 1 441 1 227 -3 11 607 2 726 2 888 17 221 16 869 353

24 776 17 698 3 916 3 162 750 2 412 2 875 -210 21 692 6 572 5 813 34 076 33 078 998

43 070 31 504 6 661 4 905 943 3 961 5 065 -346 37 659 10 411 10 656 58 726 57 524 1 202

45 249 32 559 7 099 5 591 1 017 4 574 5 296 -350 39 604 10 558 11 805 61 967 60 670 1 297

46 239 33 412 7 955 4 871 355 4 516 5 476 -380 40 382 10 184 12 758 63 324 62 696 628

48 998 34 369 8 596 6 034 1 566 4 468 5 702 -374 42 922 9 876 13 285 66 082 64 252 1 830

52 812 36 417 9 334 7 061 2 165 4 896 6 015 -396 46 401 10 173 14 236 70 810 68 337 2 473

5.2 3.7 8.8 9.5 23.1 5.4 4.4 X 5.4 -0.6 7.5 4.8 4.4 19.8

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

7 524

14 460

21 925

23 018

23 388

24 226

25 724

4.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

United States Arkansas

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) grew at about the national average rate following the 2001 recession. The GSP of Arkansas increased at an average annual rate of 3.3 percent during the 2001–2004 period, with a substantial growth rate of 5.3 percent from 2003 to 2004. The chief contributors to growth were agriculture, real estate, wholesale and retail trade, and business services. Housing activity provided some ongoing growth for the state, but housing price appreciation was below the national average. The $79,000 median value of owner-occupied housing in Arkansas was the lowest in the nation.

Table AR-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

62 474 0.7

63 751 0.7

66 628 0.7

66 176 0.7

66 656 0.7

68 060 0.7

69 734 0.7

73 411 0.7

3.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

54 493 2 248 325 1 588 3 075 13 718 22.0 3 625 4 191 2 844 1 914 2 654 5 307 12 990 20.8 1 788 2 019 1 218 220 4 373 326 1 369 1 677 7 986 12.8

55 617 2 040 343 1 594 3 051 13 773 21.6 3 984 4 311 3 003 2 084 2 769 5 470 13 226 20.7 1 859 2 038 1 255 223 4 395 340 1 413 1 703 8 138 12.8

58 379 2 191 336 1 608 3 075 14 401 21.6 4 191 4 702 3 138 2 304 2 826 6 025 13 588 20.4 1 935 2 084 1 336 236 4 453 326 1 467 1 751 8 247 12.4

57 763 1 956 294 1 616 3 111 13 949 21.1 4 164 4 845 3 257 2 305 2 951 5 866 13 447 20.3 2 103 1 785 1 296 239 4 601 318 1 476 1 629 8 413 12.7

58 167 2 147 276 1 370 3 093 12 852 19.3 4 563 5 264 3 275 2 647 3 012 6 163 13 540 20.3 2 226 1 678 1 237 244 4 771 327 1 483 1 574 8 489 12.7

59 541 1 944 280 1 332 3 123 13 048 19.2 4 760 5 563 3 491 2 832 3 087 6 207 13 939 20.5 2 256 1 781 1 298 246 4 939 351 1 502 1 566 8 522 12.5

61 119 2 165 250 1 497 2 891 13 386 19.2 4 697 5 910 3 532 3 105 3 165 6 229 14 418 20.7 2 388 1 868 1 387 248 5 091 347 1 524 1 565 8 624 12.4

64 427 2 613 255 1 573 2 919 13 786 18.8 5 050 6 247 3 577 3 440 3 336 6 625 15 156 20.6 2 705 1 799 1 493 248 5 276 350 1 607 1 678 8 993 12.3

3.5 6.8 -2.6 4.7 -1.9 2.4 X 3.4 5.9 3.0 9.1 3.5 2.4 3.8 X 6.7 2.3 6.5 0.5 3.4 2.3 2.7 2.2 1.9 X

X = Not applicable.

65

ARKANSAS

Table AR-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 727

5 508

10 006

11 055

12 097

12 652

13 593

8.0

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 374 1 284 66 12 12

2 712 2 583 98 19 11

4 422 4 252 128 33 9

4 674 4 498 133 34 10

4 943 4 753 141 39 11

5 152 4 954 146 40 12

5 374 5 172 148 41 12

5.0 5.0 3.9 5.8 7.8

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

597 340 245 12

1 744 1 062 640 42

3 764 2 098 1 612 54

4 380 2 319 1 984 77

4 867 2 481 2 286 101

5 048 2 625 2 341 82

5 719 2 880 2 741 98

11.0 8.2 14.2 16.0

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

325 108 51 125 41

514 187 57 162 108

1 077 333 65 209 470

1 088 341 45 232 470

1 223 354 38 270 560

1 347 361 33 312 641

1 469 378 28 364 699

8.1 3.2 -19.4 14.9 10.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

149

154

206

311

404

406

296

9.5

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

244

299

420

439

484

519

547

6.8

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

38

82

110

148

168

172

181

13.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

2

8

15

8

7

6

-4.3

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Arkansas ranked 32nd in the nation for the value of its exported goods, as the volume of exports in the state rose by 60 percent between 1999 and 2004 (the 8th highest rate of growth in exports in the nation). Transportation equipment exports were Arkansas’s most valuable commodity in 2004, accounting about 20 percent of exports. Processed foods ranked second, accounting for over 16 percent of the state’s exports. Canada was the top recipient of these goods and was the overall leading market for Arkansas’s exports. The state’s other major export destinations were Mexico, Russia, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Exports to Mexico increased over 72 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Processed foods 16.5% Chemicals 13.9%

Machinery 9.1%

Transportation equipment 19.7%

Paper 6.8%

Other 34.1%

Table AR-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 911 2 790 103 19

2 804 2 659 131 13

2 962 2 817 122 23

3 493 3 306 157 31

100.0 94.6 4.5 0.9

6.3 5.8 15.2 17.9

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Paper products (322) .............................................................

376 641 390 254 216

614 469 355 247 195

532 575 431 251 195

688 575 486 317 237

19.7 16.5 13.9 9.1 6.8

22.3 -3.5 7.6 7.6 3.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Russia .................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

2 461 917 200 297 224 105

2 253 811 249 168 181 100

2 607 807 245 173 178 147

3 123 975 344 190 185 164

89.4 27.9 9.8 5.4 5.3 4.7

8.3 2.1 19.9 -13.9 -6.2 16.1

66

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table AR-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. 49 493 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 14 823 865

47 483 14 502 793

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

300

305

25.9 59.0 15.1

27.3 58.3 14.5

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

354 095 1 157 55 572

447 104 1 469 65 299

5 613 156 2 232 440 3 380 717 113 413

4 950 397 1 620 384 3 330 014 104 256

57.0 22.2 20.8

60.3 21.8 17.9

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

148 316 22.4

238 577 16.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

47.8

57.7

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Agriculture was important to Arkansas’s economy, accounting for about 4 percent of the state’s total employment. Farming was the second largest contributor to the growth in gross state product during the 2001– 2004 period, lagging only behind the information sector. Total cash receipts totaled nearly $5 billion in 2002, with most farms having total sales of under $10,000. This was a decline from 1997, as the value of crop sales fell from $2.2 billion to $1.6 billion. Wheat, corn, chicken, and beef accounted for the majority of the state’s agricultural output. ENERGY Arkansas’s energy prices were relatively low compared with the rest of the nation, ranking 37th in 2001. However, per capita expenditures were over $2,700, which was the 11th highest amount in the country. (The U.S. average was $2,433.) The state’s per capita consumption also ranked 11th in the nation in 2001, despite being below 2000 levels. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

900 Transportation 25.1%

Residential 19.8%

600

300

0

-300

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Commercial 13.4%

Industrial 41.8%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Table AR-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

426 866 239.0

529 777 279.7

708 675 368.5

790 227 365.9

876 073 383.2

796 976 342.5

857 331 364.7

1 027 683 414.4

1 154 080 431.7

1 106 349 411.0

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.1 8.4 48.0 24.5

17.2 10.1 48.2 24.5

20.4 11.1 45.0 23.5

21.2 12.2 40.1 26.5

20.6 11.3 44.7 23.3

19.2 12.6 42.7 25.5

20.0 12.2 41.2 26.6

19.0 11.7 44.0 25.4

19.3 12.5 42.8 25.5

19.8 13.4 41.8 25.1

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

356 222 202 148 944 0 10 671 37 433 0 7 260

163 277 661 180 013 0 11 291 35 134 0 25 514

0 383 478 246 345 0 22 668 34 264 0 21 919

862 257 445 345 425 53 676 35 719 35 870 0 61 230

36 648 273 994 311 343 85 438 17 606 56 804 0 94 241

219 791 199 350 270 555 105 042 46 323 62 483 0 -106 567

212 712 234 465 267 880 119 387 38 463 72 312 1 420 -89 307

237 339 271 955 310 062 122 486 33 181 83 794 1 404 -32 538

267 576 256 114 388 113 121 516 24 181 72 413 1 042 23 124

273 979 231 589 378 575 154 430 25 926 57 321 914 -16 384

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

801 800 417

1 741 300 806

3 884 100 1 699

4 165 300 1 790

4 656 600 1 981

5 250 700 2 117

7 304 500 2 732

7 339 500 2 726

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.51 1.88 1.58 0.72 2.38

2.96 3.82 3.08 1.63 4.06

6.58 8.02 6.73 4.07 9.11

8.02 11.40 9.95 5.81 8.24

8.14 13.43 11.65 4.83 8.55

7.58 13.53 11.11 4.27 8.35

9.33 15.01 11.13 6.06 10.50

9.94 16.95 12.73 6.62 10.24

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

2001

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

67

ARKANSAS

Table AR-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

5 580 678

100.0

2 027.1

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

520 324

9.3

189.0

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

2 934 030 2 149 527 784 503 41 240 91 330 453 148 146 485 47 726

52.6 38.5 14.1 0.7 1.6 8.1 2.6 0.9

1 065.8 780.8 285.0 15.0 33.2 164.6 53.2 17.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle ..............................................................................

187 876 109 831

3.4 2.0

68.2 39.9

134.9 59.4

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

1 938 448 1 685 585 181 830

34.7 30.2 3.3

704.1 612.3 66.0

847.6 673.6 105.1

GOVERMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 2,500

United States Arkansas

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, Arkansas’s general revenues amounted to $10.7 billion and its expenditures reached just over $11 billion. The state ranked 24th in the nation for per capita revenues and 23rd for per capita expenditures. Per capita taxes amounted to $2,027, which was close to the U.S. average. The leading sources of revenue were general sales and gross receipts ($781) and individual income taxes ($612). Arkansas ranked 7th for per capita property taxes among the 37 states with such taxes. The state’s per capita debt was $1,200, which was half of the U.S. average and among the five lowest amounts in the nation.

1,500 1,000 500 0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table AR-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

10 730 541 3 685 249 5 145 554 1 951 630 706 237 206 286 1 528 231 176 875 576 295 1 396 967 502 771

100.0 34.3 48.0 18.2 6.6 1.9 14.2 1.6 5.4 13.0 4.7

3 933.5 1 350.9 1 886.2 715.4 258.9 75.6 560.2 64.8 211.2 512.1 184.3

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

11 081 356 3 210 582 7 870 774

100.0 29.0 71.0

4 062.1 1 176.9 2 885.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 529 282 2 705 341 543 347 292 724 1 098 172 69 422 305 803 190 638 71 910 443 224 115 076 716 417

40.9 24.4 4.9 2.6 9.9 0.6 2.8 1.7 0.6 4.0 1.0 6.5

1 660.3 991.7 199.2 107.3 402.6 25.4 112.1 69.9 26.4 162.5 42.2 262.6

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

3 295 143

X

1 207.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

16 999 518

X

6 231.5

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

68

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table AR-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S. 100

1 763

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

79.2 18.8

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

450 985 49.8 3.8 1 129 14.7 6 482

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

5.3

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

132 194 10 591 58.4

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Arkansas 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In recent years, Arkansas has shown improvement in the educational attainment levels of its population age 25 years and over. However, the state was among just three states in which less than 80 percent of the population held a high school diploma. Arkansas ranked 50th in the nation, behind only West Virginia, for proportion of college graduates (18.8 percent). Arkansas’s per student expenditures of $6,482 were among the 10 lowest in the nation. The state’s student/teacher ratio of 14.9 was below the U.S. average. Arkansas ranked 12th among the 46 states reporting dropout data for the 2000–2001 school year.

Despite having an Arkansan elected president in 1992 and 1996, Arkansas was not a state with high voter turnout. In the 2000 election, less than half of the state’s eligible voters cast votes, which was one of the smallest proportions in the nation. In 2004, over 56 percent voted—a rate still below the U.S. average and among the 10 lowest in the nation. In 2000, 51.3 percent voted for the Republican presidential candidate; in 2004, this proportion rose to 54.3 percent, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table AR-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 893 897 996

1 851 869 982

97.8 96.9 98.5

1 125 513 612

59.4 57.2 61.4

936 423 512

49.4 47.2 51.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 010 962 1 048

1 942 926 1 015

96.6 96.3 96.9

1 328 606 723

66.1 63.0 69.0

1 140 524 617

56.7 54.4 58.9

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 649 1 578 295 24 73 1 684 1 613 297 25

1 593 1 570 295 13 25 1 628 1 605 297 14

96.6 99.5 100.0 B B 96.7 99.5 100.0 B

1 106 1 096 188 10 1 135 1 125 190 -

67.1 69.4 63.7 B B 67.4 69.7 63.9 B

966 959 145 7 990 983 147 -

58.6 60.8 49.4 B B 58.8 61.0 49.7 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

258 726 688 178 160

236 689 680 178 159

91.7 95.0 98.7 100.0 99.1

117 442 504 134 131

45.5 60.9 73.3 75.2 82.0

85 366 442 126 121

32.9 50.4 64.3 70.9 75.7

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

CALIFORNIA At a Glance: •

In 2004, California was the largest state in the nation in terms of population. The state’s population was 35.9 million, giving it over 13 million more residents than Texas, the second most populous state. California’s population was among four states and the District of Columbia with “majorityminority” populations. Non-Hispanic Whites composed only 44.5 percent of the state’s population. California had the second highest proportions of Asian and Pacific Islanders and of Hispanics (of any race) in the country. Median household income in California was the 13th highest in the nation, and the state’s poverty rate of 13.3 percent ranked 17th. California’s unemployment rate of 6.2 percent was the 6th highest in the nation. Gross state product grew steadily after its decline during the 2001 recession. In 2004, economic activity was up 5.6 percent from the previous year, giving California the eighth fastest growth rate in the country. California ranked well below the national average in terms of the high school attainment level of its population age 25 years and over. However, the state’s college attainment level was above the national average.

•

•

•

•

Table CA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

29 760 021 12.0

33 871 648 12.0

35 893 799 12.2

X X

1.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

14 897 627 14 862 394

16 874 892 16 996 756

17 913 717 17 980 082

49.9 50.1

1.5 1.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

2 397 715 5 353 010 5 135 795 22 009 296 3 412 257 10 325 692 3 135 552 299 107

2 486 981 6 762 848 24 621 819 3 366 030 10 714 403 6 945 728 3 595 658 425 657

2 633 972 6 962 491 26 297 336 3 596 126 10 793 157 8 085 096 3 822 957 514 013

7.3 19.4 73.3 10.0 30.1 22.5 10.7 1.4

0.4 1.9 1.3 0.3 0.3 3.3 1.5 4.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.3

33.3

34.2

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

California’s population grew at a rapid 6 percent from 2000–2004, which was among the 10 highest rates in the nation, but behind those of its fast-growing neighbors, Nevada and Arizona. California had the largest numerical increase in residents in the country over the 2000– 2004 period. More than 60 percent of that growth was due to international immigration. From 2000 to 2004, the state received twice as many immigrants as New York, the second most popular state for new residents from abroad. However, California lost more than 400,000 residents to other states during the same period. Of the state’s two largest cities, Los Angeles was the second largest in the United States; San Francisco was the 14th largest.

Percent change per year

3. 0 United States

2. 3

California

2. 0 1. 2 1. 0

1. 5

1. 3

0. 9

1. 1

0. 0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

69

70

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

29 760 021

33 871 648

35 893 799

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

57.2 7.0 0.8 9.6 13.2 ...

47.4 6.5 0.5 11.3 ... 1.9

44.5 6.3 0.5 12.1 ... 1.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

25.8

32.4

34.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

56

American Indian, Alaska Native

42

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Non-Hispanic Black

28

Asian and Pacific Islander

14

Two or more races 0

HEALTH Over 18 percent of California’s residents lacked health insurance in 2004, giving the state one of the lowest rates of coverage in the country. However, the state’s infant mortality rate and teenage birth rate were below the national averages. California’s age-adjusted death rates were among the lowest in the country. Table CA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

540 997 15.2 40.1

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.4

6.9

770.9 815.1 1 053.6 ... 506.1 611.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

18.7 12.4 8.2

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

United States California

750

500

250

0 All causes

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

Item

1,000

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table CA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

232 720

770.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

92 455 53 742 12 802 8 939 6 464 8 194 4 925 3 860 1 981 867 3 009 3 239 3 702 2 407 3 412 2 242 1 292 1 469 910 233 411 196

312.2 178.7 43.4 26.9 21.6 27.8 16.8 11.3 6.6 2.9 9.0 9.4 11.7 7.1 10.7 6.3 4.3 4.3 2.9 0.8 1.2 0.6

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

71

CALIFORNIA

Table CA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

10 381 206 7 139 394 5 469 522 1 669 872 477 692 1 192 180 3 241 812 2 429 867 811 945

11 502 870 7 920 049 5 877 084 2 042 965 594 455 1 448 510 3 582 821 2 708 308 874 513

11 972 158 8 193 359 5 988 615 2 204 744 671 028 1 533 716 3 778 799 2 941 536 837 263

1.0 0.9 0.5 1.9 3.1 1.4 1.3 2.1 -1.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.79 11 182 882 10 381 206 5 773 943 4 607 263

2.87 12 214 549 11 502 870 6 546 334 4 956 536

2.93 12 804 702 11 972 158 7 012 185 4 959 973

X 1.2 1.0 1.7 0.0

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

620 194 300

747 211 500

914 391 102

5.2 16.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 400,000

1,000

United States California

300,000

60,000

750

100,000

Dollars

500

200,000

40,000

Dollars

Dollars

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

20,000 United States

250

California 0

0 1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table CA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

49 230 50 625 49 828 50 434 51 352

13.3 13.1 13.1 12.6 12.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

49 453 47 375 46 586 46 524 45 553 44 544 43 863 46 052 45 531 46 653

14.0 15.4 16.6 16.9 16.7 17.9 18.2 16.4 15.7 13.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

48 560 46 469 47 937 47 703 45 176 43 751 ... ... ... ...

12.9 13.2 12.3 12.7 13.6 13.2 14.9 14.1 13.3 11.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

72

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

26 768 2 020 2 591 5 029 5 411 4 831 3 214 3 671

17 551 751 1 895 4 068 4 394 3 896 2 002 544

65.6 37.2 73.1 80.9 81.2 80.6 62.3 14.8

16 466 595 1 710 3 819 4 185 3 726 1 912 520

6.2 20.8 9.8 6.1 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

13 117 1 049 1 344 2 567 2 656 2 394 1 547 1 560

9 690 408 1 026 2 341 2 455 2 084 1 066 310

73.9 38.9 76.3 91.2 92.4 87.0 68.9 19.9

9 076 317 909 2 205 2 344 1 990 1 019 293

6.3 22.4 11.3 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

13 650 971 1 247 2 463 2 755 2 436 1 667 2 111

7 860 343 870 1 727 1 939 1 811 936 234

57.6 35.3 69.7 70.1 70.4 74.3 56.1 11.1

7 390 279 800 1 614 1 841 1 736 894 226

6.0 18.9 8.0 6.5 5.0 4.2 4.5 3.3

6 989 6 865 1 555

5 507 3 928 1 084

78.8 57.2 69.8

5 299 3 746 1 004

3.8 4.6 7.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

20 671 10 226 10 444

13 660 7 663 5 997

66.1 74.9 57.4

12 850 7 200 5 650

5.9 6.0 5.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 719 796 923

1 065 516 549

61.9 64.8 59.5

953 456 497

10.6 11.6 9.6

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 412 1 618 1 794

2 182 1 155 1 028

64.0 71.4 57.3

2 071 1 094 977

5.1 5.3 4.9

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

8 036 4 086 3 950

5 456 3 267 2 190

67.9 80.0 55.4

5 012 3 021 1 991

8.1 7.5 9.1

3 751 4 139 3 759 2 531 2 939

3 060 3 362 3 061 1 592 454

81.6 81.2 81.4 62.9 15.4

2 878 3 213 2 940 1 524 435

5.9 4.4 4.0 4.3 4.1

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table CA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

17 552 240 17 413 920 17 326 895 17 150 101 16 869 744

16 459 862 16 223 451 16 165 052 16 217 495 16 034 095

1 092 378 1 190 469 1 161 843 932 606 835 649

6.2 6.8 6.7 5.4 5.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

16 430 580 16 166 912 15 792 536 15 435 896 15 263 582 15 271 041 15 264 537 15 309 846 15 105 386 15 168 531

15 566 900 15 203 693 14 780 791 14 303 507 14 062 361 13 953 855 13 808 306 13 874 246 13 931 679 14 294 115

863 680 963 219 1 011 745 1 132 389 1 201 221 1 317 186 1 456 231 1 435 600 1 173 707 874 416

5.3 6.0 6.4 7.3 7.9 8.6 9.5 9.4 7.8 5.8

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

California

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

73

CALIFORNIA

Table CA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

19 715 866 292 496 19 423 370 16 804 795 237 202 38 702 56 761 1 075 592 1 881 924 1 220 168 661 756 742 193 1 999 197 576 214 638 272 870 761 828 162 1 581 771 297 246 1 237 729 328 969 1 550 005 475 048 1 257 314 1 131 733 2 618 575

19 659 989 324 482 19 335 507 16 653 976 234 296 33 659 56 810 1 057 265 1 733 346 1 105 507 627 839 731 047 2 009 411 557 566 570 365 882 247 848 307 1 548 503 284 142 1 231 980 349 614 1 599 933 485 671 1 265 224 1 174 590 2 681 531

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

40 619 21 420 40 874 40 875 18 415 70 141 68 744 41 892 51 058 58 315 37 432 50 194 27 634 38 297 70 993 72 398 36 967 67 856 65 534 26 909 27 244 35 544 37 079 15 946 22 117 40 868

40 611 17 138 40 973 40 692 19 463 73 070 69 229 42 424 50 756 57 539 38 592 50 436 27 844 39 460 70 428 71 959 37 939 66 333 62 290 27 253 28 341 37 547 38 868 16 467 22 359 42 324

19 778 889 322 351 19 456 538 16 784 818 232 920 35 936 57 222 1 091 320 1 629 232 1 027 089 602 143 731 123 2 030 588 548 351 556 321 905 877 908 102 1 563 287 264 435 1 251 570 362 447 1 649 838 490 185 1 291 155 1 184 909 2 671 720

20 064 351 292 986 19 771 365 17 115 697 231 085 37 599 58 016 1 160 110 1 618 050 1 019 051 598 999 738 998 2 072 593 552 470 566 403 919 662 951 252 1 589 094 242 441 1 290 165 377 158 1 675 578 500 545 1 332 292 1 202 186 2 655 668

0.6 0.1 0.6 0.6 -0.9 -1.0 0.7 2.6 -4.9 -5.8 -3.3 -0.1 1.2 -1.4 -3.9 1.8 4.7 0.2 -6.6 1.4 4.7 2.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 0.5

44 010 23 026 44 296 44 042 20 964 88 189 82 061 43 760 56 281 63 631 43 573 54 196 28 914 41 851 80 114 80 190 42 803 70 383 75 414 29 537 30 553 41 162 44 022 17 573 24 241 45 542

2.7 2.4 2.7 2.5 4.4 7.9 6.1 1.5 3.3 3.0 5.2 2.6 1.5 3.0 4.1 3.5 5.0 1.2 4.8 3.2 3.9 5.0 5.9 3.3 3.1 3.7

Dollars 41 825 16 558 42 218 41 848 19 832 76 924 73 654 42 500 53 540 60 581 41 332 51 991 28 259 40 160 73 291 73 887 40 043 67 539 64 995 27 864 29 478 39 105 42 163 16 811 23 263 43 996

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET From 2001 to 2004, total employment in California increased by 1.8 percent, which matched the U.S. average growth rate. However, the state’s unemployment rate of 6.2 percent in 2004 was among the highest in the nation. Employment was spread over a large number of industries enterprises accounted for 13 percent of total employment, the largest share in the state. Retail trade was the next largest employer, followed by health care and social assistance services, manufacturing (largely durable goods industries), and accommodation and food services. Real estate and educational services showed the most growth from 2001 to 2004. California had the sixth highest average wages and salaries in the country in 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.2%

Government and government enterprises 10.3%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance

45.5% 8.4%

Manufacturing Professional and technical services

8.1% 6.6%

7.9%

Accommodation and food services Other

74

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

223 999 164 267 32 912 26 820 3 806 23 014 19 245 -90 204 664 49 064 30 727 284 455 278 967 5 488

504 780 368 315 78 105 58 360 4 220 54 140 55 042 -79 449 660 129 702 68 901 648 263 641 270 6 992

874 122 637 401 119 427 117 294 2 784 114 510 91 271 -351 782 500 199 052 122 290 1 103 842 1 096 195 7 646

890 523 645 607 125 236 119 680 1 793 117 887 95 774 -354 794 395 204 379 136 531 1 135 304 1 128 615 6 689

904 455 641 984 139 571 122 901 2 646 120 254 98 439 -311 805 705 195 208 146 955 1 147 868 1 140 658 7 210

939 247 659 509 152 708 127 030 4 097 122 933 102 384 -315 836 547 192 536 154 975 1 184 058 1 175 515 8 543

1 007 667 699 035 167 850 140 783 5 884 134 899 110 393 -298 896 976 200 978 164 500 1 262 454 1 251 230 11 224

3.6 2.3 8.9 4.7 20.6 4.2 4.9 X 3.5 0.2 7.7 3.4 3.4 10.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 951

21 638

32 464

32 877

32 807

33 389

35 172

2.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

United States California

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

California’s real gross state product (GSP) showed a steady rebound from the 2001 recession, increasing by 12.2 percent from 2001—2004, one of the highest growth rates in the nation. Real estate and manufacturing made the largest contributions to GSP in 2004, followed by retail trade and professional and technical services. Utilities and finance and insurance showed the most growth from 2001 to 2004. The housing boom, a crucial strength of the Californian economy, continued to provide growth in jobs and income. The median value of owner-occupied housing in the state was the highest in the country, increasing by 85 percent from 2000 to 2004.

Table CA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

1 043 477 12.1

1 110 545 12.3

1 200 638 12.8

1 291 113 13.2

1 288 775 13.1

1 324 277 13.2

1 369 235 13.3

1 445 519 13.5

3.9 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

919 410 14 932 10 169 16 613 43 751 105 233 10.1 62 645 72 636 29 137 52 735 56 521 170 924 293 220 28.1 84 572 30 985 39 292 7 575 60 490 13 941 27 539 28 826 124 676 11.9

982 578 14 852 8 852 16 446 47 387 126 738 11.4 70 112 76 645 29 645 57 271 61 724 176 408 300 641 27.1 88 324 31 085 39 306 7 787 60 948 13 596 29 665 29 930 128 334 11.6

1 070 863 17 110 10 361 18 409 50 267 148 630 12.4 73 860 82 823 30 762 76 044 66 469 186 425 311 550 25.9 95 006 31 713 40 804 8 092 62 348 13 705 30 697 29 185 129 826 10.8

1 154 900 19 011 10 104 18 849 52 670 183 163 14.2 74 449 89 151 32 418 81 449 72 249 191 434 329 953 25.6 109 373 33 177 38 462 8 387 64 023 14 422 32 204 29 905 136 214 10.6

1 148 183 16 598 8 988 13 811 54 486 163 976 12.7 80 472 95 347 31 037 81 542 80 917 196 603 324 065 25.1 107 045 25 356 38 103 8 391 67 644 15 086 32 160 30 280 140 535 10.9

1 181 341 19 085 10 259 20 607 53 102 166 710 12.6 81 860 101 653 31 805 80 426 87 774 198 761 328 550 24.8 105 796 23 376 39 276 8 604 72 334 15 914 33 109 30 141 142 936 10.8

1 226 651 19 193 8 154 21 922 53 848 181 488 13.3 80 081 106 886 33 201 85 449 96 304 203 549 337 398 24.6 109 048 22 996 40 804 8 428 75 336 16 675 33 804 30 307 142 909 10.4

1 301 155 18 303 9 074 24 338 57 043 196 223 13.6 82 213 113 181 34 104 97 991 105 795 214 309 350 549 24.3 112 419 23 037 42 928 8 411 77 831 17 187 36 186 32 550 145 099 10.0

4.3 3.3 0.3 20.8 1.5 6.2 X 0.7 5.9 3.2 6.3 9.3 2.9 2.7 X 1.6 -3.1 4.1 0.1 4.8 4.4 4.0 2.4 1.1 X

X = Not applicable.

75

CALIFORNIA

Table CA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

29 027

64 895

114 559

127 885

138 755

147 326

156 745

8.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

12 567 11 235 337 368 627

26 938 23 305 456 1 273 1 904

42 214 38 154 469 1 406 2 186

45 254 40 376 473 1 670 2 735

48 017 42 363 485 2 253 2 916

50 184 43 894 487 2 661 3 142

53 003 46 290 495 2 778 3 440

5.9 5.0 1.4 18.6 12.0

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

7 786 4 314 3 343 129

20 943 11 865 8 638 440

47 231 24 660 22 254 317

56 150 27 419 28 289 441

59 259 29 427 29 260 572

64 199 31 198 32 541 459

71 071 34 496 36 064 511

10.8 8.8 12.8 12.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

5 243 1 943 2 328 537 434

11 970 4 300 5 101 1 027 1 543

18 854 6 448 5 315 1 612 5 479

18 753 6 742 4 923 1 606 5 481

19 770 7 290 4 407 1 707 6 366

21 185 7 614 4 726 1 832 7 012

22 582 7 941 5 016 2 093 7 533

4.6 5.3 -1.4 6.7 8.3

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

1 633

2 198

2 470

3 466

7 196

7 291

5 221

20.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

1 380

1 526

2 114

2 240

2 461

2 664

2 890

8.1

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

403

793

1 510

1 741

1 879

1 673

1 788

4.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

16

526

166

282

172

130

190

3.4

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

California was second only to Texas in terms of the value of its exports. Computers and electronic products were the state’s leading export in 2004, accounting for over 38 percent of all its exports, although exports from this category declined by 16.0 percent from 2001 to 2004. The state’s other leading exports were machinery, transportation equipment, and chemicals. Agricultural products accounted for 5.3 percent of exports and were up over 32 percent from 2001. Mexico, Japan, Canada, and China were California’s largest trading partners. Exports to China increased over 46 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Machinery 11.5%

Computers and electronic products 38.4%

Transportation equipment 10.7% Chemicals 6.0%

Other 28.3%

Miscellaneous manufactures 5.1%

Table CA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

106 777 98 431 4 382 3 964

92 214 84 053 4 441 3 720

93 995 84 343 5 575 4 078

109 968 99 243 5 794 4 931

100.0 90.2 5.3 4.5

1.0 0.3 9.8 7.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

50 311 10 695 8 445 5 190 4 370

39 672 9 518 7 100 5 418 4 498

36 715 9 434 8 644 5 964 4 884

42 247 12 593 11 759 6 644 5 641

38.4 11.5 10.7 6.0 5.1

-5.7 5.6 11.7 8.6 8.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. China ..................................................................................... South Korea ...........................................................................

99 944 16 343 14 635 11 816 4 676 5 035

85 755 16 076 11 106 10 075 4 482 4 712

87 482 14 872 11 755 11 232 5 465 4 833

101 914 17 239 13 323 12 111 6 842 5 912

92.7 15.7 12.1 11.0 6.2 5.4

0.7 1.8 -3.1 0.8 13.5 5.5

76

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table CA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 87 991 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 28 795 834

2002

79 631 27 589 027

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

327

346

63.4 26.1 10.6

61.7 27.7 10.5

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

839 126 2 643 62 129

1 206 822 3 526 81 933

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... 23 280 110 Crops .......................................................................................... 17 201 736 Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... 6 078 374 Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. 264 574 Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... 49.9 $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... 27.2 $100,000 or more ....................................................................... 22.9

25 737 173 19 152 722 6 584 451 323 205 46.0 29.4 24.6

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

125 440 9.4

168 698 9.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

49.8

61.7

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

The market value of agricultural products sold in California was the highest of any state, totaling $25.7 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. Crop value far exceeded the value of livestock products, with corn and wheat as the state’s chief products. The average price per acre of farmland appreciated significantly from 1997, reflecting the overall increase in land prices in the state. More than 60 percent of farms were small, with fewer than 50 acres of total land. ENERGY Energy expenditures in California were the highest in the nation, reflecting the size of the state’s population. The state’s energy price per Btu was the ninth highest in the nation. However, due to the state’s temperate climate and low per capita consumption, California’s energy expenditures per capita ranked only 46th in the country. The state was a large user of natural, petroleum, and electric energy. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

4,000

Trillion of Btu

Residential 18.4% 3,000 Transportation 37.8% 2,000

1,000 Industrial 24.6% 0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 19.2%

Table CA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

3 451 709 219.6

4 394 324 236.4

5 515 345 276.2

6 056 710 281.2

6 596 207 278.7

6 621 416 250.4

7 541 112 253.4

7 387 656 234.6

7 994 653 236.0

7 853 442 227.4

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

17.3 12.6 34.6 35.5

19.2 13.1 33.7 33.9

19.0 14.0 33.8 33.2

20.2 16.0 31.5 32.3

18.9 16.4 28.8 35.8

19.6 16.3 28.4 35.7

18.4 17.8 26.3 37.5

18.3 17.3 26.2 38.2

18.2 17.3 26.7 37.8

18.4 19.2 24.6 37.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

35 903 1 301 826 1 838 667 1 187 705 82 098 -589 6 099

63 693 1 813 213 2 098 228 3 193 319 052 97 488 4 187 -4 729

61 812 2 241 295 2 518 242 34 375 399 628 116 839 11 310 131 843

56 405 1 937 322 2 997 279 66 855 417 309 127 489 70 153 383 897

66 170 1 890 887 3 509 566 53 665 423 618 134 012 110 079 408 210

45 264 1 925 459 3 148 548 209 565 331 348 155 471 209 526 596 235

84 159 2 101 602 3 538 334 345 955 257 749 204 782 374 089 634 441

84 323 2 109 956 3 348 180 317 794 521 166 178 154 304 806 523 278

70 011 2 456 437 3 593 941 366 845 400 611 159 018 331 562 616 227

67 858 2 513 857 3 604 354 347 078 256 304 150 460 327 563 585 969

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

7 015 900 351

14 972 600 695

36 129 800 1 526

41 657 500 1 576

48 413 400 1 627

50 941 600 1 618

68 407 400 2 020

72 923 700 2 112

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.74 1.91 2.09 0.90 2.07

3.46 3.19 4.36 2.25 4.02

7.70 6.69 9.57 6.24 8.22

8.89 9.85 15.08 7.93 7.68

9.00 12.41 15.09 6.98 7.43

9.64 14.90 17.73 6.97 7.52

12.04 16.58 19.77 8.15 10.92

13.04 19.02 24.27 9.13 10.46

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

77

CALIFORNIA

Table CA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

85 721 483

100.0

2 388.2

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

2 079 326

2.4

57.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

33 984 188 26 506 911 7 477 277 2 114 980 3 324 883 520 589 1 081 588

39.6 30.9 8.7 2.5 3.9 0.6 1.3

946.8 738.5 208.3 58.9 92.6 14.5 30.1

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

5 744 089 2 155 042 3 062 827

6.7 2.5 3.6

160.0 60.0 85.3

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

43 913 880 36 398 983 6 925 916 574 510

51.2 42.5 8.1 0.7

1 223.4 1 014.1 193.0 16.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000

United States California

2,000

Dollars

State revenues amounted to $148 billion, the highest amount in the nation. However, revenues per capita ranked 16th in the nation in 2003. Expenditures per capita, at $4,883, were among the 10 highest in the United States. In fiscal year 2004, taxes per capita were $2,388, which were also among the highest in the nation. California’s per capita individual income taxes ranked 6th in the country and accounted for over 40 percent of total taxes. The other major source of revenue was sales receipts. California’s per capita property taxes and its debt per capita were above the U.S. averages.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table CA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

147 998 249 48 245 951 79 198 255 24 899 025 7 015 010 4 916 856 32 709 761 6 803 559 2 854 044 11 980 766 8 573 277

100.0 32.6 53.5 16.8 4.7 3.3 22.1 4.6 1.9 8.1 5.8

4 173.3 1 360.5 2 233.3 702.1 197.8 138.6 922.4 191.8 80.5 337.8 241.8

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

173 158 060 84 468 847 88 689 213

100.0 48.8 51.2

4 882.8 2 381.9 2 500.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

61 457 162 48 472 281 5 025 205 9 291 005 7 158 608 1 443 127 5 690 346 3 487 188 721 229 8 102 816 3 557 753 18 751 340

35.5 28.0 2.9 5.4 4.1 0.8 3.3 2.0 0.4 4.7 2.1 10.8

1 733.0 1 366.8 141.7 262.0 201.9 40.7 160.5 98.3 20.3 228.5 100.3 528.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

95 209 988

X

2 684.8

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

382 874 025

X

10 796.4

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

78

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004

Educational Attainment, 2004

(Percent, number.) Item

State

100

U.S.

United States California

22 096

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

81.3 31.7

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

6 356 348 48.7 24.9 9 087 21.1 7 552

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

2 538 700 135 844 57.7

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

California had an above average proportion of studentage population. The state had the third highest student/teacher ratio in the nation. Per student expenditures of $7,552 were below the U.S. average. California had a high proportion of migrant students, and about 25 percent of its students were English language learners during the 2002–2003 school year. In 2004, 81.3 percent of the state’s population held a high school diploma. This was among the lowest 10 proportions in the nation. However, the state’s college attainment level of 31.7 percent ranked 11th in the United States.

California had the second lowest voter turnout rate in the country for both the 2000 and 2004 elections, behind only Hawaii in both elections. In 2000 and 2004, 53.4 percent Californian voters voted for the Democratic candidate, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest proportions of voters, as reported in the Current Population Survey. Like most states, voting rates increased in relation to the age of the voter. Women and non-Hispanic Whites had the highest voter participation rates.

Table CA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

24 749 11 932 12 817

19 837 9 554 10 283

80.2 80.1 80.2

13 061 6 170 6 891

52.8 51.7 53.8

11 489 5 463 6 027

46.4 45.8 47.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

26 085 12 783 13 302

20 693 10 042 10 651

79.3 78.6 80.1

14 193 6 695 7 498

54.4 52.4 56.4

12 807 6 022 6 785

49.1 47.1 51.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

20 083 12 350 1 678 3 524 8 127 20 410 12 590 1 757 3 636

15 913 11 777 1 564 2 511 4 433 16 234 12 015 1 642 2 620

79.2 95.4 93.2 71.3 54.5 79.5 95.4 93.5 72.1

11 286 8 976 1 141 1 318 2 455 11 515 9 147 1 193 1 379

56.2 72.7 68.0 37.4 30.2 56.4 72.7 67.9 37.9

10 273 8 311 1 035 1 113 2 081 10 468 8 453 1 077 1 162

51.2 67.3 61.7 31.6 25.6 51.3 67.1 61.3 31.9

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

3 366 10 785 8 234 2 007 1 692

2 659 7 596 7 047 1 829 1 561

79.0 70.4 85.6 91.1 92.3

1 447 4 912 5 224 1 400 1 209

43.0 45.5 63.4 69.8 71.5

1 194 4 327 4 818 1 343 1 125

35.5 40.1 58.5 66.9 66.5

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race.

COLORADO At a Glance: •

Colorado’s population was 4.6 million in 2004, making it the 22nd most populous state in the nation. The state was a large recipient of immigration, both from other states and other countries, during the 2000–2004 period. A total of 137,000 people relocated to Colorado during that 4-year period. Colorado’s non-Hispanic White population comprised 72.5 percent of residents in 2004. Hispanics (of any race) made up 19.1 percent of the population, reflecting a sizable increase in the representation of this ethnic group over the 2000–2004 period. Colorado ranked sixth in the nation for proportion of Hispanic residents. Median household income in Colorado was well above the national average, ranking 10th in the country. Colorado’s poverty rate was a relatively low 10 percent. Colorado’s population, age 25 years and over, had high levels of both high school and college attainment. The state ranked 3rd in the nation for college attainment, with 35.5 percent of its population holding a bachelor’s degree or more. Colorado had the 12th highest median value of owner-occupied housing in the nation.

•

•

• •

•

Table CO-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 294 394 1.3

4 301 261 1.5

4 601 403 1.6

X X

1.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 631 295 1 663 099

2 165 983 2 135 278

2 321 504 2 279 899

50.5 49.5

1.7 1.7

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

252 893 608 373 588 224 2 433 128 335 525 1 179 936 329 443 32 953

297 505 803 290 3 200 466 430 111 1 400 850 953 432 416 073 48 216

339 079 839 810 3 422 514 456 691 1 425 841 1 089 011 450 971 55 636

7.4 18.3 74.4 9.9 31.0 23.7 9.8 1.2

2.0 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.4 4.5 2.3 3.9

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.4

34.3

34.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

3. 0

Colorado’s population grew by 7 percent between 2000 and 2004, or about 1.7 percent per year. This was among the fastest growth rates in the country, as many new residents were attracted to the state’s recreational and economic opportunities. Colorado was a large recipient of immigration—both international and from other U.S. states—during the 2000–2004 period. Nearly 137,000 people moved into the—state during that time, which represented one-third of its population increase. The largest metropolitan areas were Denver-Boulder-Greeley and Colorado Springs. Compared with the nation as a whole, Colorado’s population was relatively young, with less than 10 percent age 65 years and over.

2. 7 United States Colorado

2. 0

1.7 1. 3

1. 0

1. 2

0. 9

1.1

0. 0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

79

80

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CO-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 294 394

4 301 261

4 601 403

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

80.7 3.9 0.8 1.8 5.1 ...

74.8 3.7 0.7 2.3 ... 1.4

72.5 3.7 0.7 2.5 ... 1.5

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

12.9

17.1

19.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

30

Asian and Pacific Islander

Percent

20

Non-Hispanic Black

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

10

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 17 percent of Colorado residents lacked health insurance. This was the 12th highest proportion in the nation. Colorado’s infant mortality rate was among the 15 lowest in the nation. The state’s total age-adjusted death rate was also well below the U.S. average. Table CO-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

69 339 15.2 43.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.0

6.9

787.0 782.9 957.8 520.2 499.3 763.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.0 15.0 10.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Colorado

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table CO-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

28 264

787.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

9 184 6 150 1 824 1 745 654 670 839 741 388 287 687 490 419 430 487 167 285 96 81 49 47 18

266.0 169.9 53.1 42.1 18.3 19.6 25.5 16.9 11.2 8.1 15.6 11.2 10.2 9.5 11.3 3.7 8.0 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.5

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

81

COLORADO

Table CO-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 282 489 854 214 690 292 163 922 39 353 124 569 428 275 340 962 87 313

1 658 238 1 084 461 858 671 225 790 66 811 158 979 573 777 435 778 137 999

1 850 238 1 187 252 921 475 265 777 79 173 186 604 662 986 517 274 145 712

2.8 2.3 1.8 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.7 4.4 1.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.51 1 477 349 1 282 489 798 277 484 212

2.53 1 808 037 1 658 238 1 116 137 542 101

2.43 2 010 806 1 850 238 1 268 619 581 619

X 2.7 2.8 3.3 1.8

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

418 82 400

671 166 600

724 211 740

1.9 6.2

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

60,000

United States Colorado 750

75,000

Dollars

500

150,000

40,000

Dollars

Dollars

225,000

20,000 United States

250

Colorado 0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table CO-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 057 51 282 50 728 52 712 52 914

10.0 9.7 9.8 8.7 9.8

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

54 609 53 931 50 740 49 086 50 104 47 699 44 397 42 860 42 603 43 070

8.5 9.2 8.2 10.6 8.8 9.0 9.9 10.8 10.4 13.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 435 40 220 42 101 44 713 47 187 44 641 ... ... ... ...

12.1 12.5 12.5 13.5 10.2 8.9 12.6 12.6 9.6 8.6

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

82

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CO-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 468 224 349 686 692 667 454 396

2 525 116 277 579 605 573 304 72

72.8 52.0 79.3 84.3 87.4 85.9 66.8 18.2

2 389 92 251 553 584 551 288 70

5.4 20.6 9.2 4.4 3.5 3.8 5.3 2.9

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 718 109 178 353 354 330 212 182

1 383 56 149 333 334 305 164 42

80.5 51.1 84.0 94.5 94.4 92.3 77.2 23.1

1 305 43 131 319 323 294 155 40

5.7 22.4 12.4 4.3 3.2 3.7 5.6 4.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 750 115 171 333 339 336 242 214

1 142 61 127 245 271 268 140 30

65.3 53.0 74.3 73.6 80.2 79.6 57.7 14.1

1 084 49 120 234 261 257 133 30

5.1 19.0 5.5 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.9 1.3

977 938 169

811 600 125

82.9 63.9 73.8

784 580 116

3.3 3.3 7.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 168 1 575 1 593

2 319 1 271 1 048

73.2 80.7 65.8

2 202 1 202 1 000

5.1 5.4 4.6

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

127 63 64

89 50 39

69.8 79.3 60.5

77 43 34

12.5 13.1 11.8

Asian ..................................................... Men .......................................................

77 36

52 28

67.9 77.2

51 27

2.3 1.9

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

622 329 294

449 275 174

72.1 83.7 59.2

415 258 157

7.5 6.3 9.4

319 613 620 620 428 370

255 522 543 533 291 66

80.1 85.2 87.6 86.1 67.9 17.8

233 500 526 515 276 64

8.9 4.2 3.2 3.4 5.1 2.5

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table CO-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

2 522 225 2 479 753 2 443 321 2 394 885 2 359 323

2 382 873 2 325 210 2 300 065 2 301 155 2 296 805

139 352 154 543 143 256 93 730 62 518

5.5 6.2 5.9 3.9 2.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 340 938 2 307 907 2 229 798 2 175 704 2 127 117 2 040 382 1 933 718 1 855 871 1 802 652 1 768 954

2 269 668 2 226 296 2 154 294 2 083 740 2 041 652 1 953 111 1 831 489 1 744 235 1 704 522 1 678 229

71 270 81 611 75 504 91 964 85 465 87 271 102 229 111 636 98 130 90 725

3.0 3.5 3.4 4.2 4.0 4.3 5.3 6.0 5.4 5.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Colorado

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

83

COLORADO

Table CO-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 968 862 46 588 2 922 274 2 530 743 10 550 23 115 8 401 237 064 192 619 131 565 61 054 109 697 311 461 84 797 118 289 154 865 136 629 237 692 19 674 175 394 39 619 226 459 74 235 217 703 152 480 391 531

2 941 417 44 894 2 896 523 2 493 719 11 599 22 006 8 437 228 406 177 557 119 413 58 144 104 817 310 060 81 607 102 665 156 447 140 109 229 767 21 332 169 866 42 243 232 863 76 988 218 321 158 629 402 804

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

37 252 21 521 37 357 37 918 17 034 74 907 65 121 38 947 47 446 51 257 39 131 52 415 23 848 38 901 65 784 55 683 33 443 60 982 76 804 26 624 25 620 33 566 28 252 14 668 24 152 34 540

37 384 30 832 37 420 37 657 17 329 64 507 64 246 39 232 48 579 52 685 40 056 52 182 24 163 39 764 63 154 55 090 34 137 60 497 70 532 27 641 25 243 35 061 28 037 14 871 24 834 36 297

2 938 664 46 794 2 891 870 2 487 137 11 027 24 448 8 231 222 256 166 794 110 685 56 109 102 024 309 903 80 359 95 403 158 894 148 884 229 781 21 700 170 719 43 678 238 346 76 082 218 685 159 923 404 733

2 989 091 45 408 2 943 683 2 538 441 10 970 26 463 8 292 225 229 165 529 110 744 54 785 102 160 314 429 80 904 91 859 160 936 155 612 238 104 23 862 179 085 46 159 243 941 78 158 224 043 162 706 405 242

0.2 -0.9 0.2 0.1 1.3 4.6 -0.4 -1.7 -4.9 -5.6 -3.5 -2.3 0.3 -1.6 -8.1 1.3 4.4 0.1 6.6 0.7 5.2 2.5 1.7 1.0 2.2 1.2

39 632 22 972 39 738 39 870 17 787 83 496 71 622 40 274 52 552 57 068 43 364 56 084 25 079 40 196 65 746 59 343 37 046 64 208 87 720 29 191 26 954 37 433 28 044 15 741 26 392 39 121

2.1 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.5 3.7 3.2 1.1 3.5 3.6 3.5 2.3 1.7 1.1 0.0 2.1 3.5 1.7 4.5 3.1 1.7 3.7 -0.2 2.4 3.0 4.2

Dollars 38 290 22 360 38 398 38 553 17 837 66 351 64 294 39 323 50 793 55 323 41 808 53 771 24 540 39 280 66 528 58 294 35 634 61 221 74 429 28 451 26 212 36 054 29 125 15 198 25 421 37 682

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Colorado has had a very high civilian participation rate in the labor force in recent years, an indication of an active labor market. In 2004, the unemployment rate was equal to the U.S. average. Total employment growth was sluggish during the 2001–2004 period, as recovery from the 2001 recession was slow. In 2004, employment was only 0.7 percent above the total in 2001, and nearly all of the state’s goods-producing industries had levels below those of 2001. Among the service-providing industries, information services experienced an especially sharp decline; only management, educational services, and real estate had above average increases in jobs. Average earnings in Colorado were slightly above the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.6%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 10.5% Health care and social assistance

44.8%

Professional and technical services 8.2% Construction 8.0% 7.5%

7.5%

Accommodation and food services Other

84

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CO-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

25 679 19 451 3 481 2 747 122 2 625 2 101 28 23 606 5 007 2 646 31 259 30 981 278

50 719 37 119 7 808 5 792 712 5 080 5 235 91 45 576 12 915 6 256 64 748 63 849 899

117 605 85 909 16 382 15 315 178 15 137 11 567 290 106 328 25 955 12 111 144 394 143 849 545

124 224 88 297 17 308 18 619 377 18 242 12 146 336 112 414 26 990 13 296 152 700 151 954 745

124 741 86 936 18 599 19 206 143 19 062 12 593 346 112 493 25 626 14 959 153 078 152 511 566

127 275 87 832 19 490 19 953 265 19 687 12 828 361 114 808 26 686 15 590 157 083 156 444 639

135 119 91 863 21 420 21 835 325 21 510 13 628 389 121 879 27 971 16 303 166 153 165 468 685

3.5 1.7 6.9 9.3 16.2 9.2 4.2 7.6 3.5 1.9 7.7 3.6 3.6 5.9

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 746

19 575

33 370

34 491

34 032

34 542

36 109

2.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Colorado

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

2000

2004

Gross state product (GSP) did not decline during the 2001 recession, but the economy’s growth rate was very slow. Even after recovery took hold in 2002, the state was not among the top performers. From 2003 to 2004, Colorado’s economy expanded 3.9 percent, which was below the national average rate and the rates of its neighbors, Utah and New Mexico. Real estate, manufacturing, government, and retail trade made the largest contributions to the state’s GSP. The value of owner-occupied housing appreciated at an above average rate over the 2000–2004 period, and ranked 11th in the nation in 2004.

Year

Table CO-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

137 900 1.6

148 032 1.6

159 509 1.7

171 363 1.8

174 187 1.8

174 682 1.7

178 327 1.7

185 352 1.7

2.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

119 388 1 176 1 886 1 766 8 127 11 758 8.5 7 753 9 150 4 234 9 806 7 569 19 560 36 911 26.8 10 666 1 858 5 751 724 7 738 1 974 4 508 3 692 18 630 13.5

129 695 1 261 2 067 1 739 9 106 12 272 8.3 8 623 9 707 4 395 12 524 8 727 20 516 38 993 26.3 11 951 2 017 5 935 759 7 831 1 966 4 674 3 860 18 381 12.4

140 770 1 400 2 102 1 881 9 645 12 837 8.0 9 257 10 574 4 701 15 463 9 743 22 003 41 274 25.9 13 233 2 127 6 196 831 7 978 2 125 4 894 3 890 18 753 11.8

152 455 1 381 2 077 1 874 10 552 15 164 8.8 10 083 11 230 4 972 17 857 10 708 23 062 43 493 25.4 14 761 2 328 5 801 903 8 427 2 185 5 174 3 914 18 908 11.0

154 758 1 540 1 974 2 050 10 657 13 835 7.9 10 607 12 263 5 098 17 283 11 495 24 022 43 892 25.2 15 113 2 001 5 552 900 8 982 2 277 5 139 3 928 19 427 11.2

154 649 1 515 2 195 2 186 10 208 13 863 7.9 10 438 12 745 5 173 16 584 11 651 23 804 44 241 25.3 14 853 2 008 5 629 870 9 507 2 279 5 147 3 948 20 012 11.5

157 939 1 589 2 582 2 254 9 657 14 781 8.3 9 939 13 158 5 465 17 231 12 396 24 067 44 944 25.2 15 053 2 228 5 781 833 9 753 2 214 5 182 3 900 20 370 11.4

164 359 1 301 2 884 2 507 9 760 15 622 8.4 10 072 13 783 5 616 17 887 12 777 24 868 47 489 25.6 16 050 2 750 6 004 835 10 047 2 153 5 470 4 180 20 979 11.3

2.0 -5.5 13.5 6.9 -2.9 4.1 X -1.7 4.0 3.3 1.2 3.6 1.2 2.7 X 2.0 11.2 2.6 -2.5 3.8 -1.8 2.1 2.1 2.6 X

X = Not applicable.

85

COLORADO

Table CO-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 432

5 827

11 169

12 235

13 992

14 680

15 387

8.3

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 259 1 112 67 66 15

2 985 2 551 92 309 32

4 881 4 699 110 39 32

5 190 5 006 113 40 30

5 864 5 285 117 429 32

6 118 5 512 120 452 34

6 465 5 835 122 472 36

7.3 5.6 2.6 86.9 2.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

529 321 189 18

1 700 1 046 593 61

4 522 2 400 2 039 83

5 019 2 675 2 220 124

5 536 2 878 2 488 170

5 810 3 058 2 605 147

6 294 3 398 2 730 166

8.6 9.1 7.6 18.9

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

278 78 81 75 44

587 153 137 163 134

1 017 305 144 125 443

1 031 317 143 137 434

1 146 333 171 171 471

1 273 335 163 215 560

1 368 350 157 268 593

7.7 3.5 2.2 21.0 7.6

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

106

163

150

311

698

711

419

29.2

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

203

256

435

466

512

556

604

8.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

49

122

146

179

197

183

196

7.7

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

7

14

18

38

38

30

40

21.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The growth of the state’s exports was only moderate over the 2001–2004 period, as exports of manufactured goods fell sharply in 2002 and only showed renewed vigor in 2004. Computers and electronics comprised the largest share (nearly 60 percent of the total), followed by machinery manufactures and processed food. Canada received 25 percent of Colorado’s exports, more than half of which were computers and electronic products. Mexico was also a major recipient of Colorado’s goods, and exports to this country doubled from 2001 to 2004. Exports to Japan, the third largest purchaser, declined sharply over the 2001–2004 period.

Computers and electronic products 58.8%

Machinery 8.3%

Other 15.2%

Processed foods 6.9% Transportation equipment 4.3%

Chemicals 6.4%

Table CO-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

6 125 5 902 65 159

5 522 5 307 75 140

6 109 5 923 67 119

6 651 6 429 105 116

100.0 96.7 1.6 1.7

2.8 2.9 17.5 -9.8

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

3 405 543 632 364 287

3 034 459 592 343 265

3 460 457 661 398 286

3 913 552 461 429 286

58.8 8.3 6.9 6.4 4.3

4.7 0.6 -10.0 5.7 0.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... South Korea ...........................................................................

5 817 1 146 335 765 169 248

5 275 1 426 370 437 153 320

5 833 1 432 570 443 213 425

6 306 1 660 689 411 356 342

94.8 25.0 10.4 6.2 5.4 5.1

2.7 13.2 27.1 -18.7 28.3 11.3

86

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table CO-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 30 197 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 32 349 832 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

31 369 31 093 336

1 071

991

30.8 37.5 31.7

32.8 38.2 29.0

671 446 629 68 937

757 613 756 87 871

4 553 732 1 350 817 3 202 915 150 801

4 525 196 1 216 278 3 308 918 144 257

50.7 33.6 15.7

60.4 27.0 12.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

120 100 32.7

125 774 32.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

52.3

58.4

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Total cash receipts from farming in Colorado were about $4.5 million as reported on the 2002 Census of Agriculture, down slightly the previous census in 1997. The principal products were cattle and grains. The size of the farms was relatively large, with 29 percent spanning 500 acres or more. Government payments to farmers totaled close to $126 million. About 58 percent of all farm operators reported that farming was their principal occupation, a rate slightly below the national average. ENERGY Energy prices were close to the national average, but energy expenditures per capita were low—they ranked 47th in the country. Total expenditures reached $9.3 billion in 2001, the latest year for which data are available from the Department of Energy. Energy consumption per capita, at 286.8 million Btu, was well below the national average of 337.7 in 2001. The transportation sector was the largest energy consumer. Major energy sources were petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 500

Residential 23.8%

Trillion of Btu

400

Transportation 30.4%

300 200 100 0 -100 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Industrial 23.1%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 22.6%

Table CO-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

425 129 242.4

509 548 256.7

678 492 307.1

785 046 303.6

850 490 294.3

877 203 273.4

935 559 284.0

1 074 606 287.5

1 250 823 290.8

1 270 023 286.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

21.7 13.3 40.4 24.6

21.1 15.2 36.5 27.2

21.4 17.4 32.4 28.8

21.2 18.6 29.9 30.2

21.6 18.6 30.3 29.5

23.9 24.7 19.9 31.5

23.2 25.3 22.6 28.9

23.1 21.8 25.3 29.8

23.4 22.6 24.8 29.3

23.8 22.6 23.1 30.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

68 206 194 963 162 271 0 10 436 6 479 0 -17 226

98 117 204 483 199 346 0 9 800 6 569 0 -8 767

115 688 274 987 274 204 0 12 965 8 364 0 -7 716

159 333 280 996 326 788 0 15 678 9 050 0 -6 799

247 615 254 569 331 025 7 273 17 834 10 760 0 -18 585

299 070 218 723 327 690 -337 24 629 15 347 0 -7 920

337 382 247 756 326 195 0 14 424 10 572 560 -1 331

344 193 295 686 381 114 0 22 925 11 424 628 18 636

387 876 370 912 444 820 0 15 297 11 411 844 19 664

400 326 384 963 461 761 0 12 658 10 538 1 417 -1 639

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

865 800 392

1 833 700 709

4 183 300 1 448

5 154 100 1 606

5 241 400 1 591

6 221 100 1 664

8 653 900 2 012

9 279 400 2 095

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.52 1.70 1.67 0.67 2.17

2.92 2.76 2.73 1.74 3.99

6.48 5.71 6.07 4.19 8.75

8.22 8.72 9.48 5.77 8.43

8.11 8.62 9.28 5.09 8.77

8.39 9.13 9.77 5.58 8.87

10.23 10.61 10.96 6.82 11.45

10.85 12.12 11.68 7.70 11.16

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

2001

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

87

COLORADO

Table CO-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

7 051 457

100.0

1 532.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

2 894 035 1 909 246 984 789 99 145 177 782 597 558 65 144

41.0 27.1 14.0 1.4 2.5 8.5 0.9

629.0 415.0 214.0 21.6 38.6 129.9 14.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

337 911 66 073 192 923 50 297

4.8 0.9 2.7 0.7

73.4 14.4 41.9 10.9

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

3 819 511 3 413 891 239 591 50 145 115 884

54.2 48.4 3.4 0.7 1.6

830.2 742.0 52.1 10.9 25.2

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Colorado 2,000

Dollars

State revenues amounted to almost $14 billion in 2003. Per capita revenues were well below the national average, ranking 45th in the nation, largely as a result of relatively low taxes per person. They amounted to $1,533 in 2004, which ranked 48th in the United States. Just over $740 per capita was derived from individual income tax collections, ranking 18th in the country. General sales taxes were also a significant source of revenue. Colorado was among 13 states without state property taxes. The state’s expenditures per person were commensurately low, ranking 46th in the nation. Per capita debt at the end of the fiscal year was below average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table CO-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

13 998 588 4 178 537 6 636 190 1 833 200 960 701 315 096 3 235 796 199 853 91 544 1 736 445 1 447 416

100.0 29.8 47.4 13.1 6.9 2.3 23.1 1.4 0.7 12.4 10.3

3 078.0 918.8 1 459.1 403.1 211.2 69.3 711.5 43.9 20.1 381.8 318.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

14 792 539 4 666 350 10 126 189

100.0 31.5 68.5

3 252.5 1 026.0 2 226.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 133 704 3 442 625 297 784 708 767 1 378 238 105 653 723 572 198 642 72 418 457 652 418 356 855 128

41.5 23.3 2.0 4.8 9.3 0.7 4.9 1.3 0.5 3.1 2.8 5.8

1 348.7 757.0 65.5 155.8 303.0 23.2 159.1 43.7 15.9 100.6 92.0 188.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

8 921 416

X

1 961.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

39 820 285

X

8 755.6

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

88

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CO-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004

Educational Attainment, 2004

(Percent, number.) Item

State

100

U.S.

United States Colorado

2 856

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.3 35.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

751 862 30.2 12.8 1 662 16.9 7 384

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

305 795 24 260 53.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Colorado was well above the national average educational attainment levels. In 2004, 88.3 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had received a high school degree, ranking 16th in the country. Over 35.5 percent of the population had graduated from college, the third highest proportion in the nation. During the 2002–2003 school year, just 30.2 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, among the lowest proportion of reporting states. Colorado’s student/teacher ratio was the 11th highest in the nation. Expenditures per student of $7,384 were below the U.S. average. Both of these measures reflected the rapid population growth in recent years.

Colorado had a below average voter turnout rate in the 2000, but was slightly above the national average in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 50.8 percent of voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion increased to 51.7 percent in 2004. The respective percentages for the Democratic candidate were 42.5 percent and 47.0 percent. In 2004, less than 30 percent of eligible Hispanics voted. More than 75 percent of the population age 65 to 74 years reported voting in the 2004 election, compared with just 44 percent of persons age 18 to 24 years.

Table CO-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 049 1 514 1 535

2 854 1 383 1 471

93.6 91.3 95.9

1 954 959 995

64.1 63.4 64.8

1 633 805 829

53.6 53.1 54.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 398 1 691 1 708

3 109 1 546 1 563

91.5 91.4 91.5

2 307 1 134 1 173

67.9 67.1 68.7

2 097 1 016 1 081

61.7 60.1 63.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 098 2 561 123 87 574 3 153 2 602 130 94

2 843 2 516 114 63 361 2 899 2 557 121 70

91.8 98.2 92.7 B 62.9 91.9 98.3 93.1 B

2 162 1 978 67 23 204 2 199 2 004 72 28

69.8 77.2 54.3 B 35.6 69.7 77.0 55.2 B

1 972 1 827 56 18 165 2 008 1 851 57 23

63.7 71.3 45.6 B 28.8 63.7 71.2 43.9 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

479 1 384 1 131 234 170

429 1 198 1 085 229 169

89.5 86.5 95.9 97.9 99.1

266 837 872 187 144

55.6 60.5 77.1 80.0 84.4

212 758 825 177 125

44.2 54.8 73.0 75.7 73.2

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

CONNECTICUT At a Glance: • •

Connecticut’s population was 3.5 million in 2004, ranking 29th in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites made up more than three-quarters of the state’s population in 2004, followed by Blacks at 9.1 percent. Hispanics (of any race) constituted over 10 percent of the state’s population, giving it the 11th largest proportion of this ethnic group in the nation. The state’s overall birth rate and its birth rate for teenage mothers were among the lowest in the country. Connecticut had the sixth highest median household income, which totaled $11,000 more than the national average. The state also had a relatively low poverty rate of about 10 percent. The unemployment rate in 2004 was 4.9 percent, the 22nd lowest in the country. Gross state product showed steady growth after 2002. In 2004, Connecticut had the 23rd largest economy in the country. Connecticut ranked quite high for its educational attainment levels, with 88.8 percent of its pop ulation holding a high school diploma and 34.5 percent holding a bachelor’s degree or more.

• • • • •

Table CT-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 287 116 1.3

3 405 565 1.2

3 503 604 1.2

X X

0.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 592 873 1 694 243

1 649 319 1 756 246

1 700 186 1 803 418

48.5 51.5

0.8 0.7

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

228 356 521 225 651 317 2 537 535 345 433 1 094 878 445 907 46 993

223 344 618 344 2 563 877 271 585 1 032 689 789 420 470 183 64 273

213 048 625 740 2 664 816 310 612 973 944 906 567 473 693 82 075

6.1 17.9 76.1 8.9 27.8 25.9 13.5 2.3

-0.7 1.3 0.4 -0.8 -0.8 2.4 0.5 4.2

Median age (years) ................................................................

34.3

37.4

38.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

Connecticut’s population increased by nearly 3 percent from 2000 to 2004, and growth was faster than in neighboring New York and Massachusetts. The state benefited from wealthy suburban areas located near New York City and Boston, as well as the financial services located throughout the state, which attracted new residents. Other parts of the state, however, suffered from the decline in manufacturing industries. Connecticut experienced steady international immigration during the 2000–2004 period, but lost more than 18,000 residents to other states. Compared with the nation as a whole, Connecticut had an older population with a median age of 38.8 years, the 8th highest median age in the nation.

Percent change per year

1.5 United States Connecticut 1.0

1.2

1.1

0.9 0.7

0.6 0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

89

90

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CT-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 287 116

3 405 565

3 503 604

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

83.8 7.9 0.2 1.5 2.9 ...

78.0 8.9 0.2 2.5 ... 1.0

75.9 9.1 0.2 3.1 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

6.5

9.4

10.6

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

20

Asian and Pacific Islander

15

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

10

Non-Hispanic Black

5

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

25

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Two or more races

0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Less than 12 percent of Connecticut’s residents had no health insurance, which was one of the lowest proportions of uninsured population in the country. The state’s infant mortality rate was below average. Connecticut’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was among the five lowest in the nation. Table CT-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

42 873 12.3 24.8

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.4

6.9

773.0 756.5 918.5 ... 321.0 580.4

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.6 8.5 2.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Connecticut

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table CT-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

30 026

773.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

11 492 7 107 1 491 1 138 706 877 556 328 554 539 282 172 315 346 180 101 173 193 45 59 30 27

288.9 187.6 38.2 31.6 18.3 21.4 13.4 9.7 14.1 13.7 8.1 5.1 8.6 10.0 5.0 3.1 4.4 5.4 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.7

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

91

CONNECTICUT

Table CT-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 230 479 864 493 684 660 179 833 39 448 140 385 365 986 297 161 68 825

1 301 670 881 170 676 467 204 703 47 292 157 411 420 500 344 224 76 276

1 329 950 899 496 687 566 211 930 45 957 165 973 430 454 356 479 73 975

0.5 0.5 0.4 0.9 -0.7 1.3 0.6 0.9 -0.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.59 1 320 850 1 230 479 807 481 422 998

2.53 1 385 975 1 301 670 869 729 431 941

2.55 1 414 433 1 329 950 927 575 402 375

X 0.5 0.5 1.6 -1.8

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

598 176 700

681 166 900

811 236 559

4.5 9.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

70,000

1,000

60,000 750

150,000

500

75,000

250

50,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States Connecticut

40,000 30,000 20,000 United States Connecticut

10,000 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table CT-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

55 390 56 442 56 078 56 927 55 033

10.0 8.1 8.3 7.3 7.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

57 347 53 826 51 622 50 488 49 534 51 814 50 870 53 887 57 014 54 473

7.2 9.5 8.6 11.7 9.7 10.8 8.5 9.8 8.6 6.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

62 259 55 562 52 256 53 805 52 056 51 821 ... ... ... ...

2.9 4.0 6.6 6.0 7.6 6.9 8.8 8.1 8.2 8.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

92

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CT-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 700 208 206 389 551 516 376 455

1 790 89 147 327 461 436 250 80

66.3 42.9 71.3 84.0 83.7 84.5 66.6 17.6

1 702 75 132 310 446 421 240 78

4.9 16.4 9.9 5.1 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 287 105 106 189 266 248 177 196

943 50 78 173 245 221 131 46

73.3 47.5 73.4 91.6 92.1 89.4 73.7 23.2

895 41 69 164 238 213 126 44

5.1 17.6 11.1 4.9 3.0 3.9 3.8 3.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 413 103 100 200 285 268 199 258

848 40 69 154 216 215 120 35

60.0 38.3 69.1 76.8 75.9 80.0 60.3 13.4

807 34 63 146 208 208 115 34

4.7 14.8 8.5 5.3 3.6 3.1 4.2 2.8

738 719 161

573 455 117

77.6 63.4 73.0

557 445 108

2.8 2.2 7.5

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 353 1 133 1 220

1 562 832 731

66.4 73.4 59.9

1 490 791 700

4.6 4.9 4.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

244 109 136

162 77 85

66.2 70.5 62.8

149 71 78

7.8 7.3 8.3

Asian ..................................................... Men .......................................................

63 30

43 24

68.8 80.3

42 24

3.4 2.0

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

242 120 122

160 85 76

66.2 70.3 62.2

146 76 69

9.3 9.6 8.9

173 324 470 458 337 418

122 276 393 389 230 72

70.6 85.3 83.8 85.0 68.4 17.2

111 263 382 375 222 70

9.1 5.0 2.9 3.5 3.6 2.9

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table CT-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 797 344 1 804 921 1 784 555 1 753 065 1 738 831

1 709 836 1 706 170 1 706 066 1 698 274 1 697 662

87 508 98 751 78 489 54 791 41 169

4.9 5.5 4.4 3.1 2.4

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 742 145 1 741 640 1 759 854 1 752 773 1 750 060 1 767 042 1 796 640 1 826 769 1 828 146 1 814 924

1 695 174 1 684 831 1 674 937 1 659 643 1 657 732 1 670 083 1 682 262 1 693 563 1 708 655 1 725 381

46 971 56 809 84 917 93 130 92 328 96 959 114 378 133 206 119 491 89 543

2.7 3.3 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 6.4 7.3 6.5 4.9

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Connecticut

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

93

CONNECTICUT

Table CT-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 123 594 10 349 2 113 245 1 852 881 2 731 1 972 9 486 110 409 233 738 173 468 60 270 74 018 232 296 49 760 50 487 161 148 69 779 155 381 29 630 110 673 59 880 246 586 43 061 105 863 105 983 260 364

2 118 412 10 449 2 107 963 1 843 777 3 029 1 757 9 210 107 029 218 958 161 702 57 256 72 174 233 534 48 648 46 137 162 351 70 923 153 419 28 799 109 229 62 511 253 020 44 781 108 446 109 822 264 186

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

45 947 18 571 46 044 47 026 18 652 50 853 77 999 48 191 55 710 53 693 61 578 65 570 27 023 35 234 57 670 98 219 42 487 72 323 104 817 28 640 33 919 36 119 25 725 16 493 24 111 40 389

45 862 24 391 45 939 46 651 19 133 52 958 73 838 48 371 55 905 54 294 60 503 64 556 27 151 36 252 56 159 98 353 42 903 69 312 97 218 29 399 35 347 37 305 24 640 16 855 24 707 41 950

2 113 351 10 575 2 102 776 1 842 248 2 698 2 034 9 020 109 337 206 862 152 305 54 557 71 670 231 434 48 649 45 411 162 583 74 746 151 663 28 516 109 811 64 683 255 706 45 353 111 490 110 582 260 528

2 133 671 9 560 2 124 111 1 866 411 2 606 2 120 8 863 114 492 204 606 151 550 53 056 72 257 233 978 49 570 44 790 160 691 78 204 152 859 26 809 115 293 66 948 259 466 46 684 113 911 112 264 257 700

0.2 -2.6 0.2 0.2 -1.5 2.4 -2.2 1.2 -4.3 -4.4 -4.2 -0.8 0.2 -0.1 -3.9 -0.1 3.9 -0.5 -3.3 1.4 3.8 1.7 2.7 2.5 1.9 -0.3

49 926 26 129 50 001 50 805 19 322 55 082 97 296 49 613 61 042 59 672 64 995 68 845 28 547 39 172 60 922 118 471 44 530 72 627 121 185 31 357 37 839 39 834 25 714 17 657 26 053 45 416

2.8 12.1 2.8 2.6 1.2 2.7 7.6 1.0 3.1 3.6 1.8 1.6 1.8 3.6 1.8 6.4 1.6 0.1 5.0 3.1 3.7 3.3 0.0 2.3 2.6 4.0

Dollars 47 311 20 187 47 413 48 190 18 891 55 985 80 060 48 057 57 993 56 377 62 546 66 439 27 894 37 221 57 519 104 416 43 044 70 398 106 165 30 219 37 019 38 433 25 139 17 049 25 500 43 050

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Connecticut’s unemployment rate rose following the 2001 recession, but remained below the U.S. average. Employment was concentrated in the private serviceproviding industries, particularly in health care, finance and insurance, and professional and technical services. Manufacturing remained a major sector, making up 9.6 percent of total employment in 2004; however, the number of manufacturing jobs fell over 12 percent from 2001 to 2004. Government and government enterprises represented the second largest number of jobs. The strongest job growth occurred in real estate and educational services. Average wages and salaries were well above the national average in most industries, particularly in management, finance and insurance, and utilities.

Employment by Industry, 2004 12.2% Health care and social assistance 12.1% 40.5%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade Manufacturing

11.0%

Finance and insurance Professional and technical services

7.2%

9.6% 7.5%

Other

94

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CT-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

28 837 22 199 4 346 2 293 30 2 263 2 682 1 695 27 850 6 884 3 737 38 470 38 391 79

64 689 49 077 9 949 5 663 97 5 566 6 927 2 780 60 542 18 214 8 495 87 251 87 075 176

106 655 78 950 14 449 13 256 58 13 198 10 785 5 678 101 549 25 164 14 858 141 570 141 387 183

111 686 81 133 15 292 15 261 47 15 214 11 106 5 035 105 615 25 979 15 762 147 356 147 182 174

112 528 80 311 17 193 15 024 -15 15 040 11 571 4 485 105 442 24 790 16 931 147 163 147 013 150

115 243 81 824 18 169 15 251 5 15 246 11 802 4 314 107 755 24 247 17 274 149 276 149 129 147

123 115 86 577 19 770 16 768 12 16 756 12 301 4 752 115 566 25 456 18 412 159 435 159 269 166

3.7 2.3 8.2 6.1 -32.1 6.1 3.3 -4.4 3.3 0.3 5.5 3.0 3.0 -2.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

12 357

26 504

41 489

42 920

42 545

42 810

45 506

2.3

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 60,000

United States Connecticut

Dollars

45,000

30,000

15,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

2004

Year

Real gross state product growth was below the national average after the 2001 recession, but rebounded strongly with a growth rate of 4.5 percent between 2003 and 2004, which was in the top 20 rates of growth in the country. Finance and insurance, manufacturing, and real estate and related activities were the state’s leading sectors. Utilities, finance and insurance, and information had the strongest rates of growth from 2001 to 2004. Statewide housing prices showed above average appreciation and were well above the national average. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing ranked 7th in the nation at $236,559, an increase of nearly 42 percent from 2000.

Table CT-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

144 921 1.7

150 752 1.7

153 699 1.6

160 685 1.6

161 595 1.6

160 115 1.6

164 137 1.6

171 479 1.6

2.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

131 860 221 24 2 385 4 927 19 942 13.8 8 359 8 491 2 386 4 943 19 915 19 612 41 003 28.3 11 061 4 734 4 550 2 081 10 935 1 324 2 474 3 844 13 081 9.0

137 484 257 33 2 368 5 014 21 102 14.0 8 892 8 890 2 482 5 588 21 942 19 782 41 223 27.3 11 657 4 568 4 722 2 104 10 645 1 366 2 606 3 555 13 277 8.8

140 434 299 38 2 412 5 039 20 120 13.1 8 977 9 425 2 508 6 279 22 867 20 690 41 859 27.2 12 135 4 679 4 617 2 106 10 763 1 382 2 730 3 447 13 267 8.6

146 985 358 44 2 691 5 069 20 782 12.9 8 716 10 379 2 581 6 293 26 669 21 174 42 229 26.3 12 753 4 803 4 175 2 058 10 947 1 384 2 815 3 294 13 700 8.5

147 598 304 44 2 497 5 047 21 057 13.0 9 441 10 429 2 533 6 495 25 186 22 295 42 305 26.2 12 737 5 013 4 020 2 013 11 124 1 432 2 758 3 208 13 996 8.7

145 971 291 43 2 552 4 925 20 738 13.0 9 461 10 943 2 518 6 340 24 396 21 611 42 178 26.3 12 576 4 568 4 151 2 038 11 429 1 442 2 815 3 159 14 135 8.8

150 319 297 47 2 700 4 876 21 082 12.8 9 198 11 437 2 632 6 770 27 122 21 101 43 217 26.3 12 729 5 055 4 294 2 023 11 622 1 468 2 867 3 159 13 840 8.4

157 372 250 44 3 152 5 170 21 963 12.8 9 319 11 970 2 736 7 499 29 650 21 710 44 176 25.8 12 922 5 088 4 520 1 985 11 831 1 493 2 995 3 342 14 144 8.2

2.2 -6.3 0.0 8.1 0.8 1.4 X -0.4 4.7 2.6 4.9 5.6 -0.9 1.5 X 0.5 0.5 4.0 -0.5 2.1 1.4 2.8 1.4 0.4 X

X = Not applicable.

95

CONNECTICUT

Table CT-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

3 514

8 063

14 086

14 904

16 176

16 599

17 738

5.9

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 871 1 819 30 18 5

3 765 3 650 40 57 18

5 895 5 714 43 119 20

6 204 6 017 43 121 22

6 408 6 253 45 86 25

6 569 6 423 45 58 43

6 864 6 710 46 60 47

3.9 4.1 2.0 -15.7 24.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

854 515 335 5

2 908 1 503 1 388 18

6 423 3 102 3 304 17

6 768 3 420 3 326 22

7 447 3 642 3 776 29

7 506 3 835 3 647 25

8 483 4 193 4 259 31

7.2 7.8 6.6 16.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

414 58 209 60 87

733 184 307 79 163

1 141 306 334 136 365

1 117 314 306 137 361

1 125 321 292 148 363

1 215 333 268 172 442

1 293 348 251 205 488

3.2 3.3 -6.9 10.9 7.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

185

425

334

494

847

927

598

15.7

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

146

166

200

212

240

254

259

6.7

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

43

61

85

94

100

97

105

5.6

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

5

8

15

8

30

137

101.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS Connecticut ranked 27th in the nation for value of its exports, which totaled more than $8.5 million in 2004. Nearly 95 percent of its exports were manufactured goods, primarily transportation equipment, machinery, computers and electronic products, and chemical manufactures. Canada was the top market for Connecticut’s exports, and these largely consisted of transportation equipment, machinery, and chemicals. France, Germany, and Mexico were the next largest importers of the state’s products. Exports to Mexico increased by nearly 80 percent from 2001 to 2004, as the country overtook the United Kingdom to become Connecticut’s fourth leading market. The majority of exports to Mexico were machinery and electronic equipment and parts.

Leading Exports, 2004 Machinery 12.9% Transportation equipment 37.1%

Computers and electronic products 9.4% Chemicals 7.1% Miscellaneous manufactures 7.1% Other 26.4%

Table CT-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

8 610 8 183 140 288

8 313 7 929 107 277

8 136 7 751 84 302

8 559 8 104 143 312

100.0 94.7 1.7 3.6

-0.2 -0.3 0.7 2.8

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

3 988 898 804 567 430

4 099 670 760 500 394

3 298 784 790 749 486

3 178 1 107 804 608 606

37.1 12.9 9.4 7.1 7.1

-7.3 7.2 0.0 2.3 12.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. France .................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................ Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

7 866 1 729 1 416 675 327 462

7 421 1 492 1 178 654 402 500

7 390 1 352 1 096 760 478 513

7 819 1 473 1 182 762 586 548

91.3 17.2 13.8 8.9 6.8 6.4

-0.2 -5.2 -5.9 4.1 21.5 5.8

96

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table CT-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

4 905 406 222

4 191 357 154

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

83

85

59.1 38.7 2.1

62.3 34.9 2.8

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

516 347 6 270 37 167

840 302 9 491 51 214

434 970 274 048 160 922 88 679

470 637 327 527 143 110 112 297

66.7 23.1 10.1

67.3 22.2 10.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

1 519 12.7

3 681 6.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

45.4

49.6

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Total cash receipts amounted to over $470 million in 2002, an increase of 8 percent from the previous farm census in 1997. All of the gain was attributable to the sale of crops, particularly greenhouse items. From 1997 to 2002, the value of livestock exports fell by nearly $18 million. More than 67 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000 and just under half of all farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. ENERGY Energy prices in the state were high relative to the nation as a whole, ranking seventh overall. In terms of expenditures per person, Connecticut ranked only 35th in the country, according to the Department of Energy’s 2001 report. The state’s per capita consumption was among the lowest in the nation. The transportation sector was the largest consumer of energy, followed by the commercial sector. Petroleum was by far the leading energy source. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 500

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 27.9%

Residential 31.2%

400 300 200 100 0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 15.7%

Commercial 25.2%

Table CT-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

508 210 200.5

572 032 200.2

722 393 238.2

692 306 224.6

731 805 235.5

730 397 228.2

771 316 234.6

778 902 238.5

854 645 251.0

853 081 248.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

31.1 12.4 33.5 23.0

28.2 12.8 34.5 24.6

28.0 14.4 32.4 25.3

29.7 16.8 25.1 28.4

31.0 17.7 26.0 25.3

29.4 21.9 21.8 26.9

32.3 23.4 17.6 26.6

32.2 24.2 17.6 26.0

31.5 25.1 16.7 26.7

31.2 25.2 15.7 27.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

101 694 29 449 362 437 0 4 564 12 842 0 -2 776

128 613 41 720 389 415 0 1 959 13 541 0 -3 215

48 577 61 543 587 378 39 567 3 456 15 837 0 -33 964

1 272 64 331 535 661 89 590 5 135 17 102 0 -20 784

364 74 180 510 864 129 094 2 659 35 268 0 -20 623

21 316 80 561 457 177 135 127 2 760 35 959 145 -2 649

38 511 108 957 444 887 209 272 6 003 28 269 192 -64 776

40 787 144 938 371 060 196 995 3 624 43 243 4 510 -26 254

36 246 163 716 450 058 170 674 5 324 43 422 5 622 -20 417

39 998 149 350 438 666 161 189 2 914 38 697 1 729 20 538

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 199 800 396

2 377 100 771

4 747 400 1 528

5 667 100 1 770

6 254 200 1 903

6 702 000 2 052

8 151 700 2 394

8 062 100 2 349

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.08 2.44 2.59 1.06 2.63

4.51 5.06 5.92 3.43 4.30

8.95 9.10 10.28 6.92 9.69

10.97 12.75 13.28 9.58 9.29

11.38 12.87 14.08 9.35 9.76

12.14 13.77 15.73 9.06 10.35

13.39 15.21 14.46 10.07 12.74

13.30 15.57 15.17 10.45 11.75

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

97

CONNECTICUT

Table CT-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

10 291 289

100.0

2 937.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

4 900 376 3 127 221 1 773 155 435 061 218 202 456 805 195 646 277 333 135 422

47.6 30.4 17.2 4.2 2.1 4.4 1.9 2.7 1.3

1 398.5 892.5 506.0 124.2 62.3 130.4 55.8 79.2 38.6

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

385 265 197 418 118 424

3.7 1.9 1.2

110.0 56.3 33.8

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

5 005 648 4 319 546 379 822 130 464 175 816

48.6 42.0 3.7 1.3 1.7

1 428.6 1 232.8 108.4 37.2 50.2

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 3,000 United States Connecticut 2,000

Dollars

In 2003, state revenues amounted to $16.2 million, or $4,651 per capita, which was the 11th highest per capita total in the nation. Per capita expenditures, at over $5,129, were also high relative to the rest of the country. Connecticut’s per capita taxes were well above the national average in 2004, when they totaled $2,937. More than $1,232 of the total were individual income taxes, nearly double the U.S. average. A substantial portion of taxes were also raised from sales taxes. Connecticut had no property tax. The state’s debt per capita in 2004 amounted to nearly $6,450, which was the third highest in the nation.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table CT-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

16 216 542 4 020 036 9 508 645 3 065 486 1 725 384 387 546 3 639 362 344 684 346 183 1 148 029 1 539 832

100.0 24.8 58.6 18.9 10.6 2.4 22.4 2.1 2.1 7.1 9.5

4 650.6 1 152.9 2 726.9 879.1 494.8 111.1 1 043.7 98.8 99.3 329.2 441.6

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

17 885 021 3 030 485 14 854 536

100.0 16.9 83.1

5 129.1 869.1 4 260.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 794 156 3 785 383 1 431 533 585 249 693 891 169 501 615 670 138 336 105 931 1 011 312 1 240 680 3 313 379

26.8 21.2 8.0 3.3 3.9 0.9 3.4 0.8 0.6 5.7 6.9 18.5

1 374.9 1 085.6 410.5 167.8 199.0 48.6 176.6 39.7 30.4 290.0 355.8 950.2

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

22 490 115

X

6 449.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

31 424 546

X

9 011.9

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

98

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table CT-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S. 100

2 254

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.8 34.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

570 023 25.4 4.5 1 087 13.6 11 057

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.6

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

178 117 16 034 58.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Connecticut 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

The educational attainment levels of Connecticut’s population were high compared to the rest of the country. The state ranked 13th for high school attainment, with more than 88 percent of residents having graduated from high school. More than 34 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had earned a bachelor’s degree or more. Connecticut’s per student expenditures exceeded $11,000, ranking fourth in the United States. The state’s student/teacher ratio of 13.6 was well below the U.S. average of 15.9. Connecticut had the second lowest proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch (25.4 percent).

Voter participation rates were only slightly above the national average—55.2 percent of eligible voters voted in 2000 and 58.5 percent in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 55.9 percent voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000; this percentage dropped to 54.3 percent in 2004. Less than 38 percent of eligible voters between the ages of 18 and 24 years voted in the 2004 election. Voting rates for people age 45 and over were close to 70 percent. Hispanics had low voter turnout, with just 33 percent of those eligible voting.

Table CT-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 415 1 146 1 268

2 239 1 054 1 184

92.7 92.0 93.4

1 510 682 828

62.5 59.5 65.3

1 332 605 727

55.2 52.8 57.3

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 606 1 246 1 359

2 409 1 147 1 262

92.5 92.1 92.8

1 695 775 919

65.0 62.2 67.6

1 524 704 820

58.5 56.5 60.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 278 2 113 233 75 170 2 291 2 125 237 75

2 143 2 018 207 39 130 2 156 2 030 211 39

94.1 95.5 88.8 B 76.6 94.1 95.5 89.0 B

1 519 1 460 135 28 64 1 527 1 467 138 28

66.7 69.1 57.9 B 37.6 66.6 69.0 58.2 B

1 369 1 319 117 26 56 1 376 1 324 120 26

60.1 62.4 50.2 B 32.9 60.1 62.3 50.7 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

301 944 892 196 273

278 819 855 189 269

92.1 86.8 95.9 96.3 98.7

135 525 673 149 214

44.6 55.6 75.4 75.9 78.5

114 460 623 138 189

37.9 48.7 69.8 70.4 69.4

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

DELAWARE At a Glance: • •

Delaware’s population of 830,000 was among the smallest in the country. A high concentration of financial services and large chemical companies are headquartered in Delaware. Employment in 2004 was concentrated in private sector service-providing industries, primarily health care, finance and insurance, and professional and technical services. Immigration was the largest source of population gain, with the state experiencing an influx of over 9,600 new residents from other countries and 20,000 from other states between 2000 and 2004. Non-Hispanic Whites made up the largest proportion of residents, representing over 70 percent of the population in 2004; Blacks accounted for 26 percent of the population, which was the 9th highest proportion of this racial group in the country. Delaware had an above average median household income, ranking 15th in the nation. The state’s poverty rate was correspondingly low, at 9.1 percent, compared with the U.S. rate of 12.7 percent. From 2001 to 2004, Delaware’s gross state product increased by 12.5 percent, which was the 7th highest growth rate in the nation.

•

•

•

•

Table DE-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

666 168 0.3

783 600 0.3

830 364 0.3

X X

1.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

322 968 343 200

380 541 403 059

404 676 425 688

48.7 51.3

1.5 1.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

48 824 114 517 127 878 502 827 76 233 217 981 80 735 7 142

51 531 143 056 589 013 75 328 236 441 175 518 101 726 10 549

53 781 139 725 636 858 83 684 238 132 206 081 108 961 13 259

6.5 16.8 76.7 10.1 28.7 24.8 13.1 1.6

0.5 1.4 1.7 0.6 0.7 3.5 2.2 4.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.7

36.0

37.4

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004

Delaware’s population has increased steadily since 2000. Its growth rate of 6.0 percent from 2000 to 2004 was the 11th fastest in the nation. About 80 percent of Delaware’s residents lived in Wilmington and Dover. The median age of the state’s population was above average, as more than 13 percent of the state’s residents were age 65 years and over. In 2004, 23.3 percent of the state’s population was under 18 years old, compared with 25 percent nationally. Delaware had below average proportions of Hispanics (of any race), Asian and Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.

2.0

Percent change per year

United States 1.5

1.1 1.0

1.6

Delaware

1.5

1.2

1.1

0.9

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Year

99

100

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DE-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

666 168

783 600

830 364

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

79.3 16.7 0.3 1.4 1.1 ...

72.7 19.1 0.3 2.1 ... 1.0

70.2 19.9 0.3 2.6 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.4

4.8

5.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

30

Percent

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 20

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Delaware’s health insurance coverage rate was above the national average in 2004. The state’s infant mortality rate was the fourth highest in the nation. Delaware’s birth rate was below average, but the birth rate for teenage mothers was higher than the U.S. average. Table DE-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

11 329 13.9 44.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

9.6

6.9

872.2 843.7 1 061.5 ... 388.1 707.1

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.5 12.6 7.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Delaware

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table DE-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

6 949

872.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

2 524 1 672 332 291 209 193 124 121 112 134 88 67 78 71 65 31 35 68 18 10 9 12

320.4 204.9 41.5 36.5 25.8 24.9 16.3 15.0 14.1 16.9 10.9 8.3 9.5 8.8 7.9 3.9 4.5 8.4 2.2 1.2 1.1 1.5

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

DELAWARE

101

Table DE-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

247 497 175 867 137 983 37 884 8 565 29 319 71 630 57 451 14 179

298 736 204 590 153 136 51 454 12 468 38 986 94 146 74 639 19 507

310 676 207 817 151 402 56 415 15 684 40 731 102 859 80 694 22 165

1.0 0.4 -0.3 2.3 5.9 1.1 2.2 2.0 3.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.61 289 919 247 497 173 813 73 684

2.54 343 072 298 736 216 038 82 698

2.59 367 448 310 676 226 328 84 348

X 1.7 1.0 1.2 0.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

495 99 700

639 130 400

743 171 589

3.8 7.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Delaware

1,000

60,000

750

50,000

Dollars

500

100,000

40,000

Dollars

Dollars

150,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

20,000 United States

250

Delaware 0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table DE-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 968 50 336 52 152 52 931 55 245

9.1 7.3 9.1 6.7 8.4

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 853 47 981 50 505 47 119 42 992 45 228 46 426 47 074 44 071 43 170

10.4 10.3 9.6 8.6 10.3 8.3 10.2 7.8 7.5 6.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 176 46 804 46 503 42 138 38 477 44 672 ... ... ... ...

10.0 8.6 6.6 12.4 11.4 10.3 8.6 11.5 12.3 11.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

102

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DE-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

643 45 55 106 127 119 86 105

426 22 44 91 107 97 52 15

66.3 48.0 80.7 85.2 84.1 81.0 60.4 13.9

409 20 41 88 103 94 50 14

3.9 9.9 6.3 3.1 3.8 3.1 2.9 3.9

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

306 21 28 53 60 57 40

220 10 24 49 54 51 26

72.0 47.0 84.1 92.2 89.5 88.0 65.8

212 9 22 47 52 49 26

3.9 10.9 6.1 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.0

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

337 24 27 54 67 62 46

206 12 21 42 53 46 25

61.1 49.0 77.2 78.2 79.2 74.6 55.7

198 11 19 41 51 44 25

4.0 9.0 6.6 2.0 4.3 3.4 3.8

172 168 41

124 102 29

72.3 60.4 71.4

121 99 28

2.3 2.4 6.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

506 243 262

333 175 158

65.9 71.9 60.4

322 169 153

3.5 3.5 3.5

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

114 51 63

76 36 40

66.8 70.2 64.0

71 34 38

6.1 5.8 6.5

Asian .....................................................

15

11

73.7

11

1.0

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

36 21 15

26 17 9

73.7 83.4 60.6

25 16 8

5.5 4.4 7.5

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

34 40 76 97 96 72 91

17 33 65 82 79 44 13

51.0 82.0 85.5 84.3 83.1 61.5 13.8

16 31 63 79 77 43 12

6.4 5.5 3.1 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.6

Black 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................

24 22

20 15

84.8 71.4

19 15

5.2 2.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table DE-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

422 956 420 415 418 803 419 773 416 878

405 669 403 759 403 017 405 111 403 034

17 287 16 656 15 786 14 662 13 844

4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.3

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

401 139 397 319 393 493 388 504 383 034 378 165 371 718 366 979 363 321 362 098

387 808 383 360 378 117 371 975 366 200 360 866 353 156 347 194 342 525 347 038

13 331 13 959 15 376 16 529 16 834 17 299 18 562 19 785 20 796 15 060

3.3 3.5 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 5.4 5.7 4.2

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Delaware

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

DELAWARE

103

Table DE-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

504 904 4 282 500 622 433 619 D D 2 283 32 222 40 245 17 732 22 513 14 412 59 150 12 283 8 954 48 294 15 217 36 073 12 461 29 565 7 345 48 056 11 187 30 467 23 691 67 003

503 441 4 146 499 295 431 964 1 337 367 2 213 31 973 37 845 16 661 21 184 14 666 59 977 12 192 8 463 47 978 15 429 34 296 12 749 26 669 7 804 49 314 12 363 30 895 25 434 67 331

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

37 502 18 544 37 583 38 371 D D 77 824 37 460 43 864 47 268 41 209 52 302 21 694 34 217 50 083 62 133 32 808 67 065 64 471 21 108 25 790 35 821 20 968 14 803 23 118 33 218

38 720 23 714 38 782 39 109 15 688 38 588 86 696 38 507 44 547 49 791 40 453 53 180 22 394 33 533 50 845 63 072 32 639 68 490 67 130 22 446 26 618 37 112 21 245 15 181 23 760 37 004

507 335 3 770 503 565 436 018 1 162 483 2 202 32 929 36 448 14 917 21 531 15 172 61 115 12 242 8 135 46 094 16 397 35 076 11 992 26 443 8 133 51 189 12 743 31 458 26 605 67 547

519 336 3 744 515 592 447 905 1 134 507 2 199 35 274 35 566 14 861 20 705 15 864 62 208 13 243 7 822 45 191 17 344 36 491 13 089 27 591 8 466 52 726 13 125 32 995 27 070 67 687

0.9 -4.4 1.0 1.1 ... ... -1.2 3.1 -4.0 -5.7 -2.8 3.3 1.7 2.5 -4.4 -2.2 4.5 0.4 1.7 -2.3 4.8 3.1 5.5 2.7 4.5 0.3

41 597 26 035 41 651 41 949 17 436 43 808 78 157 40 416 50 409 56 146 46 331 62 081 23 962 36 026 53 333 71 432 36 861 69 598 66 138 25 056 29 933 40 594 22 425 15 908 25 089 39 997

3.5 12.0 3.5 3.0 ... ... 0.1 2.6 4.7 5.9 4.0 5.9 3.4 1.7 2.1 4.8 4.0 1.2 0.9 5.9 5.1 4.3 2.3 2.4 2.8 6.4

Dollars 40 037 23 594 40 097 40 473 16 877 43 301 78 743 38 902 50 030 56 881 45 332 58 348 23 066 33 844 51 316 67 056 33 712 67 446 68 247 23 725 27 825 38 516 21 563 15 305 24 558 38 051

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET Delaware’s unemployment rate has declined since the 2001 recession, although both the civilian labor force participation rate and the employment/population ratio have decreased, suggesting a somewhat sluggish labor market. Employment in 2004 was concentrated in government, retail trade, health care, and finance and insurance. Manufacturing made up almost 7 percent of the state’s employment; however, jobs in this sector experienced a significant decline during the 2001–2004 period. These losses were offset by gains in several service-providing sectors. Average wages and salaries were generally above the national average in 2004 and also increased more rapidly than average, particularly in wholesale trade, durable goods, manufacturing, administrative and waste services, and government.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.0% Government and government enterprises Retail trade 12.0% 42.3%

Health care and social assistance Finance and insurance 10.2%

Professional and technical services Manufacturing

8.7% 6.8%

7.0%

Other

104

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DE-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

5 424 4 177 890 357 -8 365 512 -230 4 682 1 018 694 6 394 6 383 11

11 966 9 077 1 917 972 113 859 1 333 -678 9 954 2 948 1 442 14 343 14 206 138

20 480 15 779 3 134 1 567 82 1 485 2 233 -1 733 16 514 4 705 3 058 24 277 24 157 120

21 804 16 508 3 240 2 055 144 1 911 2 370 -1 833 17 601 4 600 3 337 25 537 25 356 181

22 561 16 870 3 708 1 984 67 1 917 2 443 -1 882 18 237 4 659 3 613 26 509 26 398 112

23 813 17 456 4 048 2 308 149 2 160 2 543 -1 977 19 293 4 531 3 849 27 672 27 484 188

25 354 18 519 4 267 2 568 195 2 373 2 692 -2 083 20 579 4 842 4 106 29 527 29 289 238

5.5 4.1 8.0 13.1 24.2 12.4 4.8 X 5.7 0.7 7.6 5.0 4.9 18.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 748

21 422

30 869

32 097

32 886

33 822

35 559

3.6

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Delaware

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Economic growth in Delaware seemed relatively immune to national trends over the 2001–2004 period, increasing at above average rates during that time. From 2003 to 2004, the gross state product (GSP) increased 5.0 percent. Much of this growth occurred in the finance and insurance, real estate, and retail trade sectors. The state’s GSP ranked 39th in the nation in 2004. Housing prices played a lesser role than in other states in stimulating economic activity, as the growth was primarily along Delaware’s coastline. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing at $171,589 ranked 18th in the nation. This value increased by over 31 percent from 2000 to 2004.

Table DE-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

38 274 0.4

38 945 0.4

41 104 0.4

42 359 0.4

43 802 0.4

44 545 0.4

46 952 0.5

49 288 0.5

4.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

34 974 163 6 599 1 481 3 434 9.0 1 101 1 661 478 591 12 424 5 148 7 954 20.8 2 343 1 333 777 179 1 816 229 595 682 3 301 8.6

35 545 198 6 599 1 460 3 290 8.4 1 227 1 749 511 668 12 195 5 430 8 240 21.2 2 543 1 305 799 173 1 871 223 628 698 3 401 8.7

37 630 212 7 648 1 540 3 822 9.3 1 339 1 885 524 782 12 727 5 767 8 374 20.4 2 607 1 251 875 177 1 875 236 661 692 3 474 8.5

38 804 230 7 661 1 417 3 762 8.9 1 359 1 938 568 794 13 376 5 855 8 839 20.9 2 737 1 451 831 175 1 982 247 696 720 3 555 8.4

40 231 242 9 735 1 406 4 114 9.4 1 562 2 076 551 822 13 276 6 006 9 455 21.6 2 829 2 048 748 176 2 036 260 680 678 3 571 8.2

40 767 155 8 816 1 403 4 051 9.1 1 646 2 225 532 869 14 150 5 347 9 574 21.5 2 846 2 079 722 180 2 108 290 685 664 3 775 8.5

43 193 193 8 837 1 400 4 841 10.3 1 756 2 368 537 923 15 232 5 302 9 847 21.0 2 849 2 192 756 177 2 207 292 693 681 3 765 8.0

45 393 271 8 839 1 497 4 736 9.6 1 894 2 530 599 1 007 15 937 5 828 10 277 20.9 2 989 2 211 806 182 2 312 307 748 722 3 902 7.9

4.1 3.8 -3.9 4.5 2.1 4.8 X 6.6 6.8 2.8 7.0 6.3 -1.0 2.8 X 1.9 2.6 2.5 1.1 4.3 5.7 3.2 2.1 3.0 X

X = Not applicable.

DELAWARE

105

Table DE-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

650

1 341

2 857

3 116

3 406

3 661

3 915

8.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

333 314 15 2 2

727 691 23 9 5

1 308 1 269 26 10 4

1 399 1 358 26 10 5

1 490 1 447 27 11 5

1 565 1 519 28 11 7

1 653 1 606 28 12 7

6.0 6.1 2.3 4.1 16.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

135 88 45 1

412 268 136 7

1 170 612 547 11

1 302 681 606 15

1 416 736 661 20

1 544 784 743 17

1 721 869 831 20

10.1 9.2 11.0 17.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

79 11 32 23 13

103 22 30 26 24

216 50 47 31 88

223 53 49 33 88

250 56 51 41 102

279 59 52 50 118

299 62 50 59 129

8.5 5.2 1.5 17.5 10.1

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

59

41

70

90

142

160

116

13.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

34

40

67

71

76

82

88

7.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

10

16

25

26

28

28

30

5.0

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

2

2

4

3

4

8

35.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Delaware was a relatively small exporter, ranking 43rd in the nation in 2004. The state’s total exports climbed back over $2 billion in 2004, after a drop to less than $1.9 billion in 2003. By far, Delaware’s largest export was chemical manufactures, which made up nearly 34 percent of total exports. Transportation equipment and computers and electronic products were also among the state’s leading exports. Canada was Delaware’s chief export market, followed by Germany (which increased its demand substantially in 2004) and Mexico (where the state’s exports have continued to decline). Exports to Taiwan increased significantly from 2001 to 2004, making the country the fifth largest market for Delaware goods.

Transportation equipment 16.3%

Chemicals 33.8%

Computers and electronic products 14.1%

Machinery 9.4% Other 20.8% Plastic and rubber products 5.6%

Table DE-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 985 1 893 76 16

2 004 1 897 79 27

1 886 1 742 85 59

2 053 1 928 112 14

100.0 93.9 5.4 0.7

1.1 0.6 13.8 -4.1

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Plastic and rubber products (326) ..........................................

916 243 253 124 99

926 227 280 135 83

804 186 266 153 94

693 335 290 192 116

33.8 16.3 14.1 9.4 5.6

-8.9 11.2 4.7 15.6 5.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Taiwan ...................................................................................

1 826 642 138 318 105 59

1 860 595 122 320 103 70

1 725 533 149 254 104 78

1 933 616 263 222 128 96

94.1 30.0 12.8 10.8 6.2 4.7

1.9 -1.4 24.0 -11.2 6.7 17.6

106

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table DE-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

2 671 589 107

2 391 540 080

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

221

226

50.2 38.8 11.0

52.3 36.7 11.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

576 420 2 687 73 162

980 323 4 054 113 755

767 254 176 356 590 898 287 253

618 853 150 404 468 449 258 826

32.3 24.5 43.2

36.8 20.3 42.8

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

3 845 29.3

8 643 25.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

59.9

69.4

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Delaware’s cash receipts were obtained largely from its sale of poultry and poultry products. In 2002, sales totaled $468 million—a considerable decline from the previous farm census in 1997. Over 42 percent of the state’s farm operations were large, with cash receipts totaling $100,000 or more. Nearly 70 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. This was considerably higher than the national average of 57.5 percent. More than half of farms in Delaware spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Energy prices in Delaware were slightly above the national average; the state ranked 18th overall. Delaware’s per capita energy expenditures in 2001 were $2,495, which was also above average. Its per capita energy consumption of nearly 368 Btu ranked 21st in the nation. Industry, followed by transportation, were the largest consumers of energy. Delaware’s primary source of energy was petroleum, which accounted for about half of the energy used in 2001. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

200 Residential 21.2%

150

Transportation 22.4%

100

50

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 17.6%

Industrial 38.7%

Table DE-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

156 624 351.2

184 596 364.1

219 939 401.3

220 628 376.1

250 198 421.0

218 717 353.8

252 127 378.5

272 882 379.9

306 634 391.3

292 494 367.6

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

16.3 13.2 42.6 27.9

16.2 13.7 46.6 23.5

17.4 13.4 46.3 22.9

18.6 14.0 42.5 25.0

16.5 20.8 41.1 21.6

20.6 12.0 41.3 26.0

19.3 14.0 41.7 25.0

20.7 15.2 42.0 22.0

20.0 18.1 38.9 23.0

21.2 17.6 38.7 22.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

20 496 9 351 124 157 0 0 4 982 0 -2 362

29 030 18 742 134 031 0 0 5 577 0 -2 785

37 238 26 949 154 180 0 0 7 021 0 -5 449

22 938 18 975 176 059 0 0 7 901 0 -5 245

28 063 30 840 193 176 0 0 1 736 0 -3 617

71 436 39 456 126 790 0 0 2 685 0 -21 650

59 491 40 145 143 717 0 0 1 924 83 6 766

52 447 62 740 132 924 0 0 2 567 95 22 109

50 147 50 181 139 354 0 0 2 201 107 64 643

38 344 51 816 146 525 0 0 1 756 115 53 937

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

263 400 481

588 500 1 003

1 330 200 2 238

1 380 300 2 232

1 428 600 2 144

1 536 300 2 139

1 994 400 2 545

1 985 000 2 495

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.70 2.37 1.55 1.02 2.13

3.90 5.10 4.53 3.16 3.74

7.37 10.07 6.59 5.89 8.41

9.10 12.21 13.90 6.65 8.78

8.65 13.30 12.53 5.14 8.94

8.90 13.98 13.35 4.96 9.02

10.36 15.23 13.08 6.11 11.15

11.11 16.01 15.22 7.39 10.48

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

107

DELAWARE

Table DE-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

2 375 482

100.0

2 862.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

383 383 383 383 13 385 68 009 112 435 35 536 75 479 78 351

16.1 16.1 0.6 2.9 4.7 1.5 3.2 3.3

461.9 461.9 16.1 81.9 135.5 42.8 90.9 94.4

1 003.4 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

882 389 568 190 33 592 220 992 53 334

37.1 23.9 1.4 9.3 2.2

1 063.1 684.6 40.5 266.3 64.3

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

1 109 710 781 212 217 768 98 556

46.7 32.9 9.2 4.1

1 337.0 941.2 262.4 118.7

847.6 673.6 105.1 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 3,000 United States Delaware 2,000

Dollars

Delaware’s state revenues were just over $4.7 billion in 2004. This amounted to over $5,770 per person, the 3rd highest amount in the nation. The state’s per capita expenditures of $5,350 were the 5th highest in the nation. The state’s total taxes in fiscal year 2004 amounted to $2,862 per capita, which ranked 5th in the country. Taxes from licenses accounted for about 37 percent, or $1,063, which was nearly 8 times greater than the U.S. average. Individual income taxes and selective sales taxes were the other leading sources of tax revenue. Delaware had no sales or property taxes.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table DE-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

4 721 118 994 952 2 116 458 0 326 552 755 354 710 304 208 283 115 965 684 528 925 180

100.0 21.1 44.8 0.0 6.9 16.0 15.0 4.4 2.5 14.5 19.6

5 771.5 1 216.3 2 587.4 0.0 399.2 923.4 868.3 254.6 141.8 836.8 1 131.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

4 376 306 903 476 3 472 830

100.0 20.6 79.4

5 350.0 1 104.5 4 245.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 594 007 748 059 56 325 282 530 345 859 78 549 206 085 63 032 49 434 308 943 253 383 390 100

36.4 17.1 1.3 6.5 7.9 1.8 4.7 1.4 1.1 7.1 5.8 8.9

1 948.7 914.5 68.9 345.4 422.8 96.0 251.9 77.1 60.4 377.7 309.8 476.9

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 358 281

X

5 328.0

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

10 614 983

X

12 976.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

108

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DE-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S. 100 536

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.5 26.9

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

116 342 33.8 3.4 201 15.2 9 693

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

6.2

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

49 927 5 164 62.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Delaware 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Delaware had average educational attainment levels. In 2004, 86.5 percent of the population 25 years and over held high school diplomas. Just under 27 percent held a bachelor’s degree or more, which ranked 21st in the country but was still below the U.S. average of 27.7 percent. Delaware’s per student expenditures far exceeded the U.S. average and ranked ninth in the nation. Among the 46 states reporting dropout data, Delaware ranked 9th. The state’s student/teacher ratio of 15.2 was slightly below the national average. Less than 34 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunches, which was lower than the national average.

Delaware had above average turnout rates in both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, nearly 63 percent of the state’s eligible voters voted, which was the 19th highest proportion in the United States. However, the state ranked 31st for its proportion of registered voters, which was just 66.2 percent. According to the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 55.9 percent of those eligible voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000 and 54.3 percent voted Democrat in 2004. More than 70 percent of eligible persons age 45 to 64 years voted in the 2004 election. Non-Hispanic Whites approached a 70 percent voter turnout rate.

Table DE-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

567 267 299

543 253 290

95.9 94.7 96.9

385 173 211

67.9 64.8 70.6

352 155 197

62.2 57.9 66.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

612 292 320

579 272 307

94.6 93.4 95.8

415 189 225

67.7 64.9 70.3

385 174 211

62.8 59.6 65.7

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

485 445 108 12 44 488 447 111 12

462 441 105 5 24 464 443 107 6

95.3 99.0 97.3 B B 95.1 99.0 97.0 B

344 333 63 3 13 346 335 65 3

70.9 74.8 58.4 B B 70.9 74.9 58.8 B

322 311 57 3 12 323 312 58 3

66.4 69.9 52.4 B B 66.2 69.9 52.3 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

74 230 195 61 52

67 207 192 61 52

B 90.2 98.4 B B

37 139 148 48 44

B 60.6 75.7 B B

29 130 139 46 41

B 56.5 71.3 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA At a Glance: •

The District of Columbia’s population was over 553,000 in 2004. Only Wyoming had fewer residents. However, as the District of Columbia is a city, it is misleading to compare its population to the populations of the 50 states. Blacks made up 56.7 percent of the city’s population, which was the highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. This proportion was also quite high when compared to the other large cities. The proportion of residents lacking health insurance was below the national average, partly reflecting the high number of federal government workers (almost all of whom had health insurance) residing in the city. Although surrounded by the wealthy suburbs of Maryland and Virginia, the District of Columbia’s median household income was slightly below the national average. The city’s poverty rate of 16.7 percent ranked fourth in the nation. The District of Columbia’s unemployment rate of 8.2 percent was higher than those of all 50 states, as well as those of most major cities. The city had the highest proportion of college graduates in the nation, with 45.7 percent of its residents holding bachelor’s degrees or more.

•

•

•

• •

Table DC-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

606 900 0.2

572 059 0.2

553 523 0.2

X X

-0.8 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

282 970 323 930

269 366 302 693

261 730 291 793

47.3 52.7

-0.7 -0.9

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

37 351 79 741 112 931 489 808 82 558 216 472 77 847 7 847

32 536 82 456 457 067 72 637 189 439 125 093 69 898 8 975

35 029 74 518 443 976 57 899 190 838 128 068 67 171 9 288

6.3 13.5 80.2 10.5 34.5 23.1 12.1 1.7

-0.7 -0.5 -0.7 -2.6 -0.9 0.9 -1.0 1.5

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.2

34.6

35.1

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Percent change per year

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 2.0

1.0

1.2

0.9

1.1

0.0 -0.5 -1.0

-0.6 -0.8

United States -2.0

District of Columbia 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

The District of Columbia is unique when compared to the 50 states. It is not a state, it does not have congressional representation, and its budget is largely determined by the U.S. Congress. The city’s population, income, employment and earnings were largely influenced by trends in neighboring Maryland and Virginia. Between 2000 and 2004, the District of Columbia experienced a net decline in population of over 18,000 people, reflecting the migration of its residents to neighboring suburbs in Maryland and Virginia. Just 19.8 percent of the city’s residents were 18 years old and under, a lower proportion than in any of the 50 states and among the lowest of the nation’s major cities.

109

110

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DC-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

606 900

572 059

553 523

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

27.4 65.1 0.2 1.8 2.5 ...

28.2 59.9 0.2 2.7 ... 1.1

30.3 56.7 0.2 3.0 ... 1.3

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

5.4

7.9

8.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

75

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

50 Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black 25 Two or more races 0

1,200 United States

400

0 All causes

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Although the proportion of the District of Columbia’s population without health insurance was relatively low, coverage was not spread evenly across population groups. The city’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were the highest in the country. Its death rates due to homicide and HIV were particularly higher than the national averages. Table DC-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

City

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

7 619 13.5 60.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

11.4

6.9

1 035.5 697.4 1 258.3 ... 520.4 176.9

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

13.3 7.6 5.2

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May

be of any race. . . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

District of Columbia

800

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table DC-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates City

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

5 934

1 035.5

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

2 106 1 320 153 209 207 93 94 56 78 117 31 171 69 88 112 198 38 237 23 13 * 8

368.8 233.8 27.1 36.0 36.6 16.2 16.1 9.3 13.6 20.6 5.2 26.8 12.2 15.3 19.3 31.5 6.6 40.8 4.1 2.2 * 1.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

111

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Table DC-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

249 634 122 087 63 110 58 977 10 402 48 575 127 547 103 626 23 921

248 338 114 166 56 631 57 535 10 503 47 032 134 172 108 744 25 428

248 563 109 819 54 218 55 601 10 687 44 914 138 744 115 514 23 230

0.0 -1.0 -1.1 -0.9 0.4 -1.1 0.8 1.5 -2.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.26 278 489 249 634 97 108 152 526

2.16 274 845 248 338 101 214 147 124

2.08 276 600 248 563 108 437 140 126

X 0.2 0.0 1.7 -1.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

479 121 700

618 157 200

799 334 702

6.6 20.8

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 400,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000 United States

50,000

District of Columbia

200,000

500

100,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000 300,000

30,000 20,000

United States District of Columbia

10,000

250

0 0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table DC-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) City Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 426 46 255 41 039 43 932 45 216

16.7 16.8 17.0 18.2 15.2

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 832 38 693 37 392 38 317 37 847 37 969 35 149 39 909 40 420 38 388

14.7 22.3 21.8 24.1 22.2 21.2 26.4 20.3 18.6 21.1

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 355 41 029 43 658 39 994 35 289 35 310 ... ... ... ...

18.0 15.2 14.9 12.8 20.4 21.1 21.5 19.3 18.1 20.9

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

112

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DC-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

443 24 42 100 88 67 58 63

299 7 30 85 74 54 40 9

67.6 28.6 71.5 85.1 84.0 80.1 68.0 14.9

275 5 25 79 69 50 39 9

8.2 30.4 18.3 7.5 6.8 7.2 2.9 6.4

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

203 11 20 46 43 33 26 24

150 3 15 41 38 27 19 6

73.9 30.5 76.0 89.6 88.5 83.3 73.3 23.3

136 2 12 38 35 25 19 5

9.0 31.8 23.5 8.0 6.3 7.4 3.6 9.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

240 12 22 54 46 34 32 39

149 3 15 44 36 26 20 4

62.3 26.9 67.5 81.3 79.7 76.9 63.7 9.8

138 2 13 41 34 24 20 4

7.4 28.9 13.0 7.0 7.4 6.9 2.3 2.5

63 64 42

48 42 25

76.4 66.0 58.5

46 40 22

4.2 4.9 10.1

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

177 88 89

140 74 65

79.1 84.6 73.8

135 72 63

3.5 3.2 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

247 107 139

147 70 77

59.5 65.3 55.1

128 59 69

13.0 15.6 10.5

Hispanic or Latino1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

36 18 18

28 15 13

76.4 82.7 70.2

26 13 12

7.4 9.7 4.9

White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

55 34 22 23

49 31 20 19

90.3 91.6 91.2 79.0

48 30 19 18

2.7 2.4 4.3 1.3

Black 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

40 51 43 42

31 41 32 5

79.0 79.9 74.1 11.4

27 37 29 5

15.5 10.3 9.4 3.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table DC-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

298 958 297 906 300 605 306 561 309 496

274 465 276 595 280 302 287 552 291 833

24 493 21 311 20 303 19 009 17 663

8.2 7.2 6.8 6.2 5.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

308 085 293 820 286 548 290 498 299 491 310 099 314 299 317 326 322 584 331 700

288 016 270 242 262 789 265 734 273 764 285 207 287 731 290 103 297 828 311 838

20 069 23 578 23 759 24 764 25 727 24 892 26 568 27 223 24 756 19 862

6.5 8.0 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.0 8.5 8.6 7.7 6.0

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

District of Columbia

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

113

Table DC-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

759 933 0 759 933 514 524 D D D 13 680 3 874 1 526 2 348 4 787 20 261 D D 21 668 17 138 114 029 2 559 45 721 42 720 56 885 10 290 D 64 956 245 409

773 834 0 773 834 522 883 D D D 14 493 D D D 4 677 20 291 D 27 884 21 516 17 171 116 867 2 494 45 699 43 775 60 724 10 760 44 649 67 963 250 951

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

55 379 0 55 379 53 257 D D D 43 417 63 161 73 697 56 450 63 317 25 659 D D 97 394 46 074 82 229 131 568 28 218 33 034 40 272 49 575 D 47 662 59 357

57 394 0 57 394 54 338 D D D 45 886 D D D 64 661 26 257 D 75 754 94 982 47 565 84 246 129 441 29 161 35 444 40 515 45 779 24 421 49 644 63 062

777 086 0 777 086 525 137 9 853 568 2 624 15 322 2 943 1 087 1 856 4 961 20 387 7 823 27 161 21 124 17 790 117 962 1 738 46 885 44 679 59 061 11 069 46 269 66 918 251 949

782 509 0 782 509 531 467 9 853 578 2 555 14 602 2 803 1 002 1 801 5 041 20 701 7 614 26 364 20 650 18 344 120 466 1 574 46 716 46 633 58 999 11 027 47 850 69 097 251 042

1.0 X 1.0 1.1 ... ... ... 2.2 -10.2 -13.1 -8.5 1.7 0.7 ... ... -1.6 2.3 1.8 -15.0 0.7 3.0 1.2 2.3 ... 2.1 0.8

63 685 0 63 685 59 831 107 452 142 233 72 318 48 780 73 701 103 187 57 657 75 820 27 918 47 992 84 534 111 492 57 105 93 024 144 548 32 988 37 750 47 145 41 284 26 536 55 057 70 888

4.8 X 4.8 4.0 ... ... ... 4.0 5.3 11.9 0.7 6.2 2.9 ... ... 4.6 7.4 4.2 3.2 5.3 4.5 5.4 -5.9 ... 4.9 6.1

Dollars 59 858 0 59 858 56 349 106 203 159 022 68 114 46 471 64 952 83 689 54 129 72 021 26 699 46 570 78 905 99 043 51 264 86 935 130 058 30 470 37 382 44 048 42 965 25 235 52 431 66 334

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. X = Not applicable. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET The District of Columbia had the highest unemployment rate in 2004, but experienced a sizable increase in jobs from 2000 to 2004. Both the labor force participation rate and the employment/population ratio were relatively low, suggesting an under performing labor market. Government was by far the largest employment sector in 2004, accounting for 33 percent of total employment. Professional and technical services was the second largest employment sector, and educational services had the highest growth rate from 2001 to 2004. The District of Columbia’s average wages and salaries were the highest in the nation and experienced the highest rate of growth from 2001 to 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

Government and government enterprises

24.1% 32.1%

Professional and technical Other services, except public administration Health care and social assistance

6.0%

Accommodation and food services 6.1% Administrative and waste services 15.4%

7.5% 8.8%

Other

114

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DC-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

16 125 12 471 2 910 744 0 744 859 -9 728 5 538 1 283 1 025 7 845 7 845 0

32 860 24 905 6 391 1 564 0 1 564 2 813 -19 150 10 897 3 393 1 734 16 025 16 025 0

48 999 37 046 9 228 2 725 0 2 725 4 493 -28 346 16 160 4 124 2 818 23 102 23 102 0

52 256 39 052 10 160 3 044 0 3 044 4 921 -28 871 18 465 4 094 2 966 25 525 25 525 0

55 075 41 116 10 933 3 026 0 3 026 5 260 -31 030 18 786 3 859 3 292 25 937 25 937 0

57 333 42 921 11 280 3 132 0 3 132 5 481 -32 226 19 626 3 936 3 360 26 922 26 922 0

61 908 45 863 12 612 3 433 0 3 433 5 776 -34 782 21 350 4 041 3 448 28 839 28 839 0

6.0 5.5 8.1 5.9 X 5.9 6.5 5.2 7.2 -0.5 5.2 5.7 5.7 X

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

12 291

26 473

40 456

44 827

45 935

48 280

52 101

6.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 60,000 United States District of Columbia

Dollars

45,000

30,000

15,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Despite the 2001 recession, the city’s gross state product (GSP) had an above average rate of growth during the 2001–2004 period, partly due to increased in federal spending. Over the 2003–2004 period, the GSP grew by 6.2 percent, increasing more quickly than the national average rate of 4.3 percent. The government sector was the leading contributor to the GSP, followed by professional and technical services. The median value of the city’s owner-occupied housing totaled $334,702, the third highest amount in the nation in 2004. This represented an increase of over 112 percent from its 2000 level. This may have been one factor behind the city’s population loss, as people sought more affordable housing in the areas outside the District of Columbia.

Table DC-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

54 686 0.6

55 204 0.6

58 012 0.6

58 425 0.6

61 087 0.6

62 582 0.6

64 137 0.6

68 129 0.6

3.7 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

33 277 0 30 394 570 206 0.4 530 846 420 3 367 2 395 4 321 20 227 37.0 9 279 333 1 418 1 554 2 428 211 1 647 3 357 21 456 39.2

34 531 0 35 391 573 297 0.5 578 867 384 3 025 2 631 4 491 21 312 38.6 10 037 386 1 517 1 704 2 404 251 1 543 3 470 20 698 37.5

37 023 0 27 410 537 233 0.4 630 899 460 3 946 2 947 4 697 22 230 38.3 10 798 361 1 424 1 708 2 440 308 1 629 3 562 20 997 36.2

38 167 0 17 540 574 215 0.4 614 904 522 3 544 2 968 4 727 23 534 40.3 11 552 447 1 442 1 610 2 546 373 1 926 3 638 20 258 34.7

39 603 0 18 505 589 219 0.4 628 923 484 3 999 3 331 4 812 24 105 39.5 12 008 508 1 541 1 494 2 730 401 1 789 3 634 21 486 35.2

40 468 0 20 521 639 199 0.3 634 953 453 4 325 3 313 4 874 24 562 39.2 12 375 505 1 607 1 477 2 821 392 1 779 3 606 22 115 35.3

42 035 0 11 592 655 201 0.3 686 998 463 4 675 3 614 5 126 25 077 39.1 12 733 430 1 735 1 475 2 867 375 1 861 3 601 22 118 34.5

44 680 2 8 618 616 221 0.3 712 1 072 448 5 175 4 016 5 386 26 525 38.9 13 542 411 1 809 1 453 2 949 350 2 009 4 002 23 451 34.4

4.1 X -23.7 7.0 1.5 0.3 X 4.3 5.1 -2.5 9.0 6.4 3.8 3.2 X 4.1 -6.8 5.5 -0.9 2.6 -4.4 3.9 3.3 3.0 X

X = Not applicable.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

115

Table DC-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

985

1 665

2 709

2 845

3 190

3 271

3 362

5.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

292 269 14 9 1

466 430 15 20 1

609 579 12 17 1

634 603 12 17 1

657 624 12 19 1

663 633 11 18 1

683 651 12 18 1

2.9 3.0 -0.8 1.5 7.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

322 152 164 7

777 339 430 8

1 502 578 913 11

1 581 633 931 17

1 743 669 1 050 24

1 837 697 1 120 20

1 893 752 1 118 22

5.9 6.8 5.2 18.3

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

208 31 93 41 43

244 55 87 45 58

426 93 110 75 148

426 98 119 71 138

469 102 129 77 161

477 105 119 95 157

500 110 120 97 173

4.1 4.2 2.2 6.8 4.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

80

89

63

74

160

117

73

3.7

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

56

58

60

71

102

115

130

21.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

26

29

42

51

53

49

52

5.2

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

-

1

5

9

7

13

32

55.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Transportation equipment 56.7%

In 2004, the District of Columbia’s exports were valued at more than $1.1 billion, ranking 46th in the nation. Exports increased by 12.6 percent between 2001 and 2004, which was a rate of growth slightly above the national average. As a city, the District of Columbia is not directly comparable to the states, because data reflect origin of movement rather than product origin (see notes and definitions for more information). Transportation equipment accounted for over half of the city’s exports. Most of the export data reported for the District of Columbia reflected the city as a site where export contracts were finalized

Computers and electronic products 14.2%

Other 9.9% Special classification provisions Machinery 3.4% 3.8%

Fabricated metal products 12.1%

Table DC-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 034 959 2 73

1 066 997 8 61

809 737 2 70

1 164 1 111 1 52

100.0 95.4 0.1 4.5

4.0 5.0 -18.5 -10.7

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Special classification provisions (990) ...................................

576 90 147 20 29

546 85 251 12 29

341 109 127 27 50

660 165 141 44 39

56.7 14.2 12.1 3.8 3.4

4.6 22.3 -1.4 30.0 11.2

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Greece ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Taiwan ................................................................................... United Arab Emirates ............................................................. New Zealand ..........................................................................

562 1 300 56 1 2

438 6 180 41 2 3

418 2 123 41 8 11

1 043 393 282 64 55 24

89.6 33.7 24.3 5.5 4.7 2.0

22.9 632.4 -2.0 4.6 328.8 120.2

116

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE Note: The Department of Agriculture does not collect separate data for the District of Columbia. In the 2002 Census of Agriculture, the city was included with Maryland. ENERGY In 2001, energy prices in the District of Columbia were the highest in the country. The city ranked 19th in the nation for expenditures per person. The District of Columbia’s per capita consumption was well below the national average, largely because of its small population base and small industrial sector. More than 60 percent of energy was consumed by the city’s commercial sector. The city’s largest source of energy was electricity from other states, followed by petroleum and natural gas.

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

150 Transportation 15.4%

Trillion of Btu

Residential 20.3% 100

Industrial 2.5%

50

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 61.8%

Table DC-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

119 873 156.9

159 179 199.7

205 914 272.1

163 282 231.0

152 627 239.1

165 939 261.5

176 173 290.3

184 444 334.6

186 534 326.1

168 231 293.7

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

20.2 27.0 28.8 24.0

16.8 34.3 27.6 21.2

16.5 36.3 31.2 16.0

19.0 32.2 26.2 22.7

21.8 32.0 28.3 18.0

22.7 42.6 17.7 17.0

19.8 45.2 19.5 15.5

20.2 63.2 1.9 14.7

19.6 63.6 1.9 14.8

20.3 61.8 2.5 15.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

27 792 12 951 59 885 0 32 123 0 19 091

13 804 17 315 92 330 0 32 88 0 35 611

28 427 26 402 129 410 0 8 105 0 21 562

10 142 26 210 75 960 0 8 123 0 50 839

3 284 27 952 47 702 0 0 2 000 0 71 689

3 489 29 336 39 526 0 0 2 959 0 90 629

1 733 29 094 37 962 0 0 1 623 0 105 760

143 33 201 37 005 0 0 2 006 0 112 090

177 34 377 34 492 0 0 1 338 1 116 148

748 30 578 33 464 0 0 1 130 1 102 311

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

277 400 367

500 500 708

815 200 1 277

1 143 900 1 803

1 079 100 1 778

1 274 800 2 312

1 533 900 2 681

1 479 300 2 583

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.72 2.00 1.41 1.19 2.74

4.33 3.79 4.63 4.29 4.43

8.71 7.10 8.51 10.20 9.44

11.57 9.69 12.67 17.08 9.92

11.09 9.46 11.59 14.68 10.24

12.36 11.12 13.86 11.01 10.52

14.86 13.50 16.27 11.95 13.40

15.57 15.00 17.17 12.39 13.14

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

117

Table DC-16. Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution City

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

3 933 860

100.0

7 097.8

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

1 023 246

26.0

1 846.2

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

1 121 558 754 544 367 014 4 955 47 373 27 318 170 851 21 258 95 259

28.5 19.2 9.3 0.1 1.2 0.7 4.3 0.5 2.4

2 023.6 1 361.4 662.2 8.9 85.5 49.3 308.3 38.4 171.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

145 886 65 864 24 442 4 907 18 992 31 681

3.7 1.7 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.8

263.2 118.8 44.1 8.8 34.3 57.2

134.9 21.6 59.4 6.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer ................................................. Other ...........................................................................................

1 643 170 1 080 365 169 842 21 284 336 506 35 173

41.8 27.5 4.3 0.5 8.6 0.9

2 964.7 1 949.3 306.4 38.4 607.2 63.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1 0.8

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 8,000 United States District of Columbia 6,000

Dollars

The District’s revenues outpaced spending and it registered a budget surplus, an encouraging trend in most recent years. Dependent in large part on revenues from the federal government, revenues totaled over $6.9 billion in 2001–2002, the latest year for which data are available. Spending per capita was substaintially above national averages for most major expediture categories, especially education, public welfare, health, and hospitals. Taxes were also substaintially above the national average, particularly property taxes, sales taxes, and individual income taxes

4,000

2,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table DC-17. Government Finances, 2001–2002 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution City

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 922 336 2 840 094 3 227 909 558 480 377 359 50 189 949 175 211 249 278 068 301 694 552 639

100.0 41.0 46.6 8.1 5.5 0.7 13.7 3.1 4.0 4.4 8.0

12 102.0 4 965.2 5 643.2 976.4 659.7 87.7 1 659.4 369.3 486.1 527.4 966.2

5 987.0 1 281.2 3 216.2 792.4 359.4 130.5 720.7 100.0 121.1 899.7 590.0

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

7 832 123 0 7 832 123

100.0 0.0 100.0

13 692.5 0.0 13 692.5

7 289.9 15.6 7 274.3

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 174 741 1 462 362 176 920 377 946 69 235 384 690 173 818 0 303 049 382 844 235 875 854 664

15.0 18.7 2.3 4.8 0.9 4.9 2.2 0.0 3.9 4.9 3.0 10.9

2 053.7 2 556.6 309.3 660.7 121.0 672.5 303.9 0.0 529.8 669.3 412.4 1 494.2

2 113.2 999.1 311.3 211.3 409.7 229.0 194.1 78.2 107.0 329.7 267.5 354.6

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 436 087

X

9 503.6

5 974.6

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

5 693 635

X

9 953.9

12 972.5

X = Not applicable.

118

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table DC-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004

Educational Attainment, 2004

(Percent, number.) Item

City

100

U.S.

United States 397

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.4 45.7

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

76 166 61.7 7.3 203 13.8 11 847

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

92 620 8 900 59.5

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75 Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

District of Columbia

50

25

0

EDUCATION Although educational attainment rates were above the national average, particularly at the college level, the performance of the city’s public schools has been relatively poor, especially at the high school level. Many children in the District of Columbia were enrolled in private schools, giving the city a level of private school enrollment that was far above the national average. The city’s per student expenditures of $11,847 ranked third in the country. The student/teacher ratio was well below the national average. Nearly 62 percent of students in the District of Columbia were eligible for free or reducedprice lunch, which was among the highest proportions in the country.

High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

VOTER PARTICIPATION Despite the fact that participation in national elections was limited to voting for the president and a delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives, the District of Columbia’s voter turnout was well above the national average. In 2000, 65.6 percent of eligible voters cast ballots; this proportion fell to 62 percent in 2004. The male participation rate stayed about the same, but the participation rate for women fell by more than 6 percentage points. However, the female participation rate remained above that of men. The city voted overwhelmingly Democrat, with nearly 90 percent of voters casting ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2004, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table DC-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

407 191 216

373 173 200

91.5 90.6 92.4

295 130 165

72.4 67.8 76.6

267 114 153

65.6 59.8 70.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

435 199 236

390 176 214

89.6 88.1 90.8

293 130 164

67.4 65.0 69.4

270 118 152

62.0 59.3 64.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

179 150 240 9 38 184 151 242 10

149 140 229 5 15 153 141 231 6

83.3 93.5 95.6 B B 83.4 93.4 95.6 B

122 115 163 4 10 124 116 165 5

68.1 77.1 68.2 B B 67.7 77.1 68.4 B

116 110 146 3 9 118 111 148 4

64.8 73.4 61.0 B B 64.6 73.4 61.2 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

51 192 131 29 32

48 161 123 28 31

B 83.6 93.3 B B

29 125 97 21 22

B 65.0 73.8 B B

26 118 91 18 17

B 61.5 69.1 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

FLORIDA At a Glance: •

Florida’s population in 2004 was 17.4 million, making it the fourth most populous state in the country. From 2000 to 2004, the state’s population grew by 8.8 percent, which was the third highest growth rate in the nation. In 2004, non-Hispanic Whites accounted for 62.8 percent of the population, and Blacks made up 15.4 percent. Hispanics (of any race) were a significant proportion of the population at 19.0 percent. Florida ranked seventh in the nation in terms of its proportion of this ethnic group. Florida’s median household income was below the national average, reflecting the number of retirees on reduced income. With a large proportion of the state’s population receiving retire ment benefits, Florida’s poverty rate was below the U.S. average. The unemployment rate in 2004 was 4.8 percent, well below the national average of 5.5 percent. In 2004, the proportion of the population without health insurance was quite high at nearly 20 percent, which is notable for a state with such a high population of elderly residents. Florida had one of the ten lowest voter participation rates in 2004.

• •

•

• • •

Table FL-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

12 937 926 5.2

15 982 378 5.7

17 397 161 5.9

X X

2.1 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

6 261 719 6 676 207

7 797 715 8 184 663

8 524 398 8 872 763

49.0 51.0

2.3 2.0

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

849 596 2 016 641 2 559 201 10 071 689 1 215 657 3 927 400 2 369 431 210 110

945 823 2 700 517 12 336 038 1 330 602 4 569 347 3 628 492 2 807 597 331 287

1 091 292 2 911 998 13 393 871 1 549 324 4 671 734 4 245 230 2 927 583 379 572

6.3 16.7 77.0 8.9 26.9 24.4 16.8 2.2

1.6 2.7 2.1 1.7 1.3 3.7 1.6 4.5

Median age (years) ................................................................

36.2

38.7

39.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 2.9

Percent change per year

3.0

United States 2.1

Florida

2.1

2.0 1.2 1.0

0.9

1.1

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Florida was a retirement haven for many Americans, and its net immigration from other states totaled 791,900 during the 2000–2004 period, the highest number in the country. It also attracted immigrants from other countries. Total net international immigration was 445,000 over the period, ranking fourth in the country. The mix of immigration resulted in a population that is generally older than the national average—it had the highest proportion of population age 65 years and over (16.8 percent), as well as a substantial number of younger persons. More than 90 percent of the population lived in Florida’s large metropolitan areas: Miami and Tampa were the state’s largest cities.

119

120

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table FL-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

12 937 926

15 982 378

17 397 161

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

73.2 13.1 0.3 1.2 1.8 ...

65.8 14.5 0.3 1.7 ... 0.9

62.8 14.9 0.3 2.0 ... 1.0

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

12.2

16.8

19.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

40

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

30

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander

American Indian, Alaska Native

20

Non-Hispanic Black 10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

1,000

United States Florida

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

HEALTH Florida’s health insurance coverage was the third lowest in the nation. Considering the extensive health insurance coverage of the elderly population by Medicare, this suggests a lack of adequate coverage for Florida’s younger age groups. More than 15 percent of children lacked health insurance, the sixth highest proportion in the country. The state’s age-adjusted death rates were lower than the national averages.

Table FL-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

166 493

796.4

853.3

Table FL-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

64 641 39 138 8 887 6 877 4 554 3 324 3 653 3 065 2 087 1 656 2 246 1 798 2 079 1 703 1 370 970 1 058 1 728 447 278 373 136

297.3 187.3 40.5 39.9 21.6 15.3 16.1 18.5 9.6 7.8 13.1 10.7 11.1 10.7 7.8 6.1 5.0 10.8 2.5 1.4 2.3 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

(Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

212 250 12.5 42.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.2

6.9

796.4 796.1 1 046.1 ... 323.5 623.6

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

19.9 15.1 9.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

(Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

U.S.

FLORIDA

121

Table FL-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

5 134 869 3 511 825 2 791 734 720 091 171 535 548 556 1 623 044 1 309 954 313 090

6 337 929 4 210 760 3 192 266 1 018 494 259 494 759 000 2 127 169 1 687 303 439 866

6 819 280 4 475 033 3 294 267 1 180 766 319 011 861 755 2 344 247 1 890 864 453 383

1.8 1.5 0.8 3.8 5.3 3.2 2.5 2.9 0.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.46 6 100 262 5 134 869 3 452 160 1 682 709

2.46 7 302 947 6 337 929 4 441 799 1 896 130

2.49 8 009 427 6 819 280 4 808 029 2 011 251

X 2.3 1.8 2.0 1.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

481 76 500

641 105 500

766 149 291

4.6 9.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Florida

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Florida

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table FL-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 554 40 019 39 940 38 865 42 621

11.6 12.7 12.6 12.7 11.0

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 614 40 402 38 090 36 729 36 612 36 933 36 753 36 085 36 859 37 397

12.4 13.1 14.3 14.2 16.2 14.9 17.8 15.6 15.4 14.4

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 374 38 980 38 942 37 572 35 736 34 232 ... ... ... ...

12.5 13.6 12.4 11.4 13.4 15.1 14.7 15.2 16.6 16.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

122

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table FL-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

13 521 889 1 054 1 997 2 524 2 460 1 863 2 734

8 411 353 785 1 674 2 104 2 017 1 130 347

62.2 39.8 74.5 83.8 83.3 82.0 60.6 12.7

8 021 299 723 1 600 2 027 1 951 1 089 332

4.6 15.4 7.9 4.4 3.7 3.3 3.6 4.3

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

6 480 450 518 986 1 256 1 189 891 1 190

4 507 174 413 910 1 157 1 055 600 199

69.6 38.6 79.7 92.3 92.1 88.7 67.3 16.7

4 302 144 386 871 1 112 1 019 577 193

4.5 17.2 6.5 4.2 3.9 3.4 3.9 2.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

7 041 439 536 1 011 1 268 1 270 972 1 544

3 904 180 372 764 946 962 530 148

55.4 41.0 69.5 75.6 74.6 75.8 54.6 9.6

3 719 155 337 728 915 932 512 139

4.7 13.7 9.4 4.7 3.4 3.1 3.4 6.3

3 633 3 563 785

2 584 1 963 547

71.1 55.1 69.6

2 507 1 902 518

3.0 3.1 5.2

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

11 164 5 399 5 764

6 860 3 741 3 119

61.5 69.3 54.1

6 591 3 590 3 000

3.9 4.0 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 908 869 1 039

1 245 602 643

65.3 69.3 61.9

1 137 553 584

8.6 8.2 9.1

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

275 129 146

184 100 84

67.0 77.7 57.6

177 97 80

3.8 3.1 4.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 533 1 287 1 247

1 654 980 674

65.3 76.1 54.1

1 572 928 643

5.0 5.3 4.6

1 533 2 051 2 043 1 625

1 290 1 711 1 690 989

84.2 83.4 82.7 60.9

1 242 1 658 1 638 953

3.7 3.1 3.1 3.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table FL-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

8 396 433 8 194 768 8 072 864 8 005 054 7 858 656

7 997 077 7 763 860 7 615 730 7 633 728 7 558 636

399 356 430 908 457 134 371 326 300 020

4.8 5.3 5.7 4.6 3.8

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

7 710 988 7 572 631 7 408 862 7 207 707 7 045 431 6 970 074 6 786 938 6 692 592 6 551 675 6 465 579

7 401 659 7 232 345 7 040 660 6 826 997 6 655 500 6 502 124 6 297 070 6 133 417 6 055 255 6 060 994

309 329 340 286 368 202 380 710 389 931 467 950 489 868 559 175 496 420 404 585

4.0 4.5 5.0 5.3 5.5 6.7 7.2 8.4 7.6 6.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Florida

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

FLORIDA

123

Table FL-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

9 112 069 94 516 9 017 553 7 903 700 92 234 13 219 29 159 583 527 454 256 301 807 152 449 344 832 1 095 740 286 730 212 528 441 613 397 190 553 987 63 451 906 992 119 632 856 918 243 688 662 193 545 811 1 113 853

9 204 887 93 743 9 111 144 7 988 050 93 099 11 746 26 161 585 036 429 972 282 943 147 029 341 856 1 091 807 284 369 199 093 451 762 418 070 559 276 72 809 914 918 128 412 879 750 245 485 673 602 580 827 1 123 094

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

31 297 18 113 31 391 30 929 14 954 44 615 59 401 33 487 37 877 39 128 35 366 45 368 22 662 34 671 46 427 48 862 30 323 49 635 60 907 22 916 25 769 33 100 27 606 15 546 21 333 34 074

32 259 19 747 32 346 31 718 15 618 45 812 54 247 34 035 39 258 40 939 35 971 45 969 23 255 35 491 46 035 50 640 31 397 50 107 63 931 24 731 26 405 34 349 27 943 15 736 21 591 35 972

9 395 491 97 589 9 297 902 8 154 634 90 263 13 209 25 383 618 625 409 634 267 398 142 236 342 923 1 093 339 277 313 195 808 462 693 450 320 577 039 71 403 965 442 134 332 906 619 243 127 688 900 588 262 1 143 268

9 695 687 92 134 9 603 553 8 452 914 89 249 13 644 25 013 672 783 411 641 271 692 139 949 353 990 1 123 205 281 201 191 180 474 949 477 530 603 158 73 029 1 005 962 141 410 930 964 252 688 729 218 602 100 1 150 639

2.1 -0.8 2.1 2.3 -1.1 1.1 -5.0 4.9 -3.2 -3.4 -2.8 0.9 0.8 -0.6 -3.5 2.5 6.3 2.9 4.8 3.5 5.7 2.8 1.2 3.3 3.3 1.1

34 940 21 947 35 026 34 260 16 681 46 799 65 693 36 637 42 403 44 049 39 152 50 339 24 841 38 137 50 984 56 206 35 787 53 059 71 435 25 758 28 828 37 448 30 889 17 048 23 481 39 545

3.7 6.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 1.6 3.4 3.0 3.8 4.0 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.2 4.8 5.7 2.2 5.5 4.0 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.1 3.2 5.1

Dollars 33 331 15 421 33 465 32 781 15 997 45 853 56 698 35 220 40 826 42 452 37 721 47 858 23 951 36 719 47 392 53 585 33 575 50 758 68 374 24 702 27 584 35 705 29 566 16 309 22 624 37 389

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Florida’s unemployment rate declined as economic activity in the state increased, following a period of slower growth in 2001. Wage and salary employment increased 6.4 percent from 2001 to 2004, the fourth slowest growth rate in the nation. The industries with the highest rates of growth were real estate, educational services, and construction. Florida’s largest industry employers were retail trade, government and government enterprises, administrative and waste services, and health care. It should be noted, however, that the employment mix in 2004 may have been affected by the recent hurricanes. Average wages and salaries were below the national averages across most industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004

11.9% Government and government enterprises 11.6%

Retail trade Administrative and waste services

42.1%

Health care and social assistance 10.4%

Accommodation and food services Construction

9.6% 6.9%

7.5%

Other

124

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table FL-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

66 169 49 560 9 071 7 538 1 151 6 387 5 915 16 60 270 24 129 13 341 97 741 96 106 1 635

162 431 123 231 25 927 13 273 1 231 12 042 17 966 637 145 102 75 602 34 280 254 984 252 953 2 030

303 505 228 447 45 107 29 951 772 29 180 33 266 1 514 271 753 117 914 67 872 457 539 455 840 1 700

315 310 239 228 47 556 28 526 891 27 635 35 508 1 572 281 373 122 897 74 367 478 637 476 653 1 984

328 637 247 077 51 829 29 731 685 29 045 37 117 1 549 293 070 121 968 80 391 495 429 493 600 1 829

346 347 258 555 56 386 31 405 697 30 708 39 030 1 543 308 860 118 176 84 915 511 951 510 268 1 683

375 381 278 996 62 798 33 587 759 32 828 42 165 1 610 334 825 118 400 94 086 547 312 545 292 2 019

5.5 5.1 8.6 2.9 -0.4 3.0 6.1 1.5 5.4 0.1 8.5 4.6 4.6 4.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 933

19 564

28 509

29 268

29 700

30 116

31 460

2.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Florida

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Florida’s economy proved to be immune from the 2001 recession: in each year over the 2001–2004 period, its growth rate was well above the national average. From 2003 to 2004, the state’s economy grew by 5.9 percent, one of the highest rates of increase in the country. The chief contributing sectors were real estate, government, retail trade, and finance and insurance. Housing price appreciation was among the highest in the nation during the 2000–2004 period, but the median value of owneroccupied housing ranked 22nd in the nation in 2004, reflecting the disparity between the sharp appreciation in coastal areas and the slower growth in inland parts of the state.

Table FL-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

414 710 4.8

434 523 4.8

453 108 4.8

470 120 4.8

484 433 4.9

497 740 5.0

517 855 5.0

548 299 5.1

4.2 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

360 459 4 511 550 8 951 22 976 26 277 6.3 26 495 33 206 13 121 15 762 25 779 64 323 119 047 28.7 21 642 5 812 19 565 2 622 32 044 8 147 16 218 12 997 54 351 13.1

379 604 5 027 609 8 845 23 879 27 837 6.4 29 531 35 826 13 821 17 132 26 599 66 690 123 974 28.5 24 097 5 539 21 608 2 733 31 963 7 989 16 778 13 267 54 958 12.6

397 582 5 336 697 8 815 24 141 28 140 6.2 31 423 37 581 14 296 19 434 28 726 70 335 128 757 28.4 25 630 5 469 24 133 2 824 32 031 8 292 17 285 13 093 55 529 12.3

412 849 5 815 652 9 415 24 886 29 896 6.4 32 237 39 424 15 042 20 687 29 386 71 537 133 871 28.5 28 683 5 389 24 638 2 944 32 890 8 454 17 804 13 069 57 271 12.2

427 515 5 120 601 8 468 25 777 28 717 5.9 34 741 42 960 14 722 22 293 32 032 76 168 136 094 28.1 29 622 5 768 24 250 2 976 34 379 8 569 17 647 12 883 56 930 11.8

440 015 5 597 618 8 445 25 693 29 492 5.9 35 545 44 458 14 748 22 965 34 458 77 558 140 736 28.3 30 522 6 323 26 268 2 991 35 615 8 499 17 746 12 772 57 755 11.6

458 914 4 999 597 9 199 26 748 30 976 6.0 35 292 47 401 15 891 24 598 37 311 80 302 146 051 28.2 31 443 6 834 27 871 2 958 36 972 8 528 18 460 12 985 59 023 11.4

486 624 4 596 568 10 430 29 081 32 843 6.0 37 199 51 037 16 463 27 304 40 447 82 981 154 333 28.1 33 529 6 893 29 300 3 017 38 435 8 963 20 159 14 037 61 774 11.3

4.4 -3.5 -1.9 7.2 4.1 4.6 X 2.3 5.9 3.8 7.0 8.1 2.9 4.3 X 4.2 6.1 6.5 0.5 3.8 1.5 4.5 2.9 2.8 X

X = Not applicable.

FLORIDA

125

Table FL-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

12 685

32 590

64 208

70 160

76 553

81 297

87 150

7.9

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

7 475 7 155 221 66 34

17 280 16 656 367 143 113

29 551 28 712 434 263 142

31 319 30 468 442 255 153

32 950 32 043 456 278 173

34 283 33 332 470 279 203

36 080 35 094 478 289 219

5.1 5.1 2.4 2.3 11.4

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 824 2 332 417 75

11 011 7 971 2 729 312

26 285 18 049 7 917 318

29 547 20 045 9 022 479

32 740 21 507 10 562 671

35 434 22 773 12 101 560

38 886 25 075 13 147 664

10.3 8.6 13.5 20.2

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 054 294 203 445 111

2 147 666 448 660 372

5 144 1 649 511 771 2 213

5 394 1 753 638 787 2 216

6 075 1 824 675 891 2 685

6 748 1 928 638 1 036 3 147

7 626 2 016 650 1 504 3 457

10.3 5.1 6.2 18.2 11.8

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

223

518

698

1 035

1 692

1 622

1 175

13.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

960

1 316

1 919

2 046

2 258

2 419

2 548

7.3

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

146

304

559

719

795

752

799

9.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

13

51

100

43

39

38

-7.4

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

As one of the nation’s top exporters, Florida exported goods worth just under $29 billion in 2004, which reflected a strong recovery after a fall-off in sales in 2002. The chief exports were computers and electronic products and transportation equipment, which increased by over 31 percent from 2001 and 2004. Chemicals and machinery manufactures are also among the state’s leading exports. Agricultural and livestock exports increased by 15 percent from 2001 to 2004; however, they made up just 3 percent of the state’s total exports. Ten percent of Florida’s exports went to Brazil, one-third of which were computers and electronic products.

Transportation equipment 16.5%

Chemicals 11.1%

Computers and electronic products 29.3%

Machinery 9.3%

Miscellaneous manufactures 4.9% Other 28.9%

Table FL-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

27 185 25 513 777 895

24 544 23 022 769 754

24 953 23 305 783 865

28 982 27 069 897 1 016

100.0 93.4 3.1 3.5

2.2 2.0 4.9 4.3

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

8 383 3 650 2 570 3 129 1 210

7 226 3 638 2 673 2 354 1 272

7 287 3 728 2 921 2 249 1 314

8 479 4 794 3 224 2 709 1 407

29.3 16.5 11.1 9.3 4.9

0.4 9.5 7.9 -4.7 5.2

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Brazil ...................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Venezuela .............................................................................. Colombia ................................................................................

21 144 3 625 2 588 1 695 1 641 1 010

18 936 2 782 2 294 1 477 1 233 961

19 006 2 537 2 369 1 815 776 1 018

21 598 2 905 2 500 1 795 1 500 1 104

74.5 10.0 8.6 6.2 5.2 3.8

0.7 -7.1 -1.1 1.9 -2.9 3.0

126

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table FL-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 45 808 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 10 659 777

2002

44 081 10 414 877

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

233

236

64.0 29.7 6.4

64.9 28.3 6.8

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

540 572 2 344 35 239

665 376 2 836 39 884

6 137 802 4 853 417 1 284 385 133 990

6 242 272 5 041 433 1 200 839 141 609

64.9 23.3 11.7

63.4 25.0 11.6

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

11 759 9.6

21 818 5.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

41.9

52.2

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled over $6.2 billion in 2002. Oranges and greenhouse and nursery items were Florida’s major crops. Farming was relatively small-scale, as 63.4 percent of farms had values of cash receipts less than $10,000. Nearly 65 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. Only New Jersey and Hawaii had higher proportions of small farms. Just over 52 percent of Florida’s farm operators considered farming as their chief occupation. ENERGY Energy prices in Florida were the 12th highest in the nation. Due to the state’s favorable climate, expenditures per person ranked last, at about $500 below the U.S. average. The chief consuming sector was transportation, followed by the residential sector. Florida’s leading source of energy was petroleum, which accounted for about half of total energy consumption. The state’s consumption per capita of 253 Btu was low, ranking which ranked 45th in the nation. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

2,500 Residential 28.8%

2,000

Transportation 33.5%

1,500 1,000 500 0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Industrial 14.5%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 23.2%

Table FL-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

810 454 163.7

1 115 514 187.4

1 581 422 232.9

1 945 116 228.3

2 511 814 257.7

2 703 299 238.2

3 276 908 253.3

3 653 423 257.5

4 137 819 258.9

4 134 776 252.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

16.8 12.4 27.9 42.9

17.5 13.5 28.0 40.9

22.2 15.8 23.5 38.5

23.6 17.1 20.9 38.4

23.8 15.2 23.1 37.8

26.2 20.6 17.9 35.3

26.7 21.9 16.7 34.7

28.3 21.7 16.8 33.2

28.4 22.8 14.8 34.0

28.8 23.2 14.5 33.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

27 176 142 900 612 793 0 2 990 32 690 0 -8 096

55 189 191 669 826 642 0 3 118 36 798 0 2 098

116 720 350 626 1 069 395 0 3 061 47 974 0 -6 354

133 463 292 139 1 381 996 92 177 2 438 47 568 0 -4 665

225 457 329 568 1 661 856 182 563 2 229 73 843 0 36 297

472 352 305 060 1 334 125 249 204 2 549 101 492 0 238 518

633 393 341 994 1 582 135 230 471 1 816 151 310 27 480 308 309

686 921 579 310 1 611 790 301 978 2 380 187 338 32 634 251 072

760 448 574 460 1 960 475 336 766 885 162 238 32 035 310 512

726 066 569 758 1 989 711 329 983 1 503 149 979 31 693 336 083

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

2 633 200 388

6 042 800 709

14 856 600 1 524

18 554 000 1 635

20 975 400 1 621

22 961 300 1 619

30 660 500 1 918

31 605 300 1 932

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.34 4.54 3.53 0.97 2.19

4.59 8.91 7.13 2.70 3.79

8.78 14.16 12.25 5.42 8.39

10.73 20.44 15.66 7.03 8.19

10.18 21.02 15.02 5.14 7.94

10.04 21.57 15.67 4.57 7.66

12.04 21.97 16.06 6.40 10.16

12.48 24.41 18.28 6.76 9.52

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

127

FLORIDA

Table FL-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

30 767 561

100.0

1 768.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

261 690

0.9

15.0

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

23 707 430 17 355 404 6 352 026 591 551 573 100 1 823 349 2 504 220 446 406 386 651

77.1 56.4 20.6 1.9 1.9 5.9 8.1 1.5 1.3

1 362.7 997.6 365.1 34.0 32.9 104.8 144.0 25.7 22.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

1 774 881 161 423 1 124 851 255 501

5.8 0.5 3.7 0.8

102.0 9.3 64.7 14.7

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

5 023 560 1 345 780 383 030 3 250 670

16.3 4.4 1.2 10.6

288.8 77.4 22.0 186.8

847.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Florida

2,000

Dollars

Florida’s revenues fell slightly short of expenditures during 2003, partly due to the need for increased spending on hurricane-related costs. However, expenditures per capita were the lowest in the nation in 2003. The per capita revenue also ranked last among the 50 states. Florida’s total taxes per person were well below average, ranking 35th in the nation. Although Florida had a relatively high sales tax rate—which affected tourists as well as residents—the state did not have individual state income taxes. Florida’s property taxes were relatively low when compared to the U.S. average. The state’s debt per capita of less than $1,300 was also relatively low.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table FL-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

49 584 279 12 850 982 26 993 487 14 963 444 5 611 868 1 756 585 0 1 226 980 3 434 610 3 364 671 6 375 139

100.0 25.9 54.4 30.2 11.3 3.5 0.0 2.5 6.9 6.8 12.9

2 916.9 756.0 1 588.0 880.2 330.1 103.3 0.0 72.2 202.0 197.9 375.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

50 217 755 14 460 722 35 757 033

100.0 28.8 71.2

2 954.2 850.7 2 103.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

16 326 315 13 399 713 224 631 2 902 463 4 943 244 415 772 2 141 271 1 697 840 197 185 1 864 022 1 016 285 5 089 014

32.5 26.7 0.4 5.8 9.8 0.8 4.3 3.4 0.4 3.7 2.0 10.1

960.4 788.3 13.2 170.7 290.8 24.5 126.0 99.9 11.6 109.6 59.8 299.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

21 993 221

X

1 293.8

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

138 711 144

X

8 160.0

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

128

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table FL-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 11 489

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

85.9 26.0

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

2 539 929 45.8 7.6 3 382 17.9 6 439

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.7

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

850 711 58 933 57.6

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Florida

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

The educational attainment of the population largely reflected its age composition. The proportion of the population holding high school diplomas was above average in 2004; however, the state’s college attainment level was below average, reflecting the fact that fewer older persons were college graduates. Florida had the ninth highest student/teacher ratio in the nation, with 17.9 students per teacher. The state’s per student expenditures, at $6,439, ranked among the 10 lowest in the nation. The state’s dropout rate was 3.6 percent, which was below average among the 46 states reporting dropout data.

Turnout among eligible voters for the most recent presidential elections was 51.6 percent in 2000 and 56.1 percent in 2004. Florida ranked 43rd in the nation for voter turnout in the 2004 election. Close to 66 percent of eligible women voted in 2004. Non-Hispanic Whites also had relatively high voter turnout. Of the popular vote cast for president in 2000, 48.8 percent went to each of the two major candidates. In 2004, 52.1 percent voted for the Republican candidate and 47.1 voted for the Democratic candidate, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table FL-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

11 633 5 533 6 100

10 081 4 749 5 332

86.7 85.8 87.4

7 043 3 228 3 816

60.5 58.3 62.6

6 006 2 740 3 266

51.6 49.5 53.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

13 133 6 266 6 867

11 469 5 393 6 075

87.3 86.1 88.5

8 219 3 784 4 434

62.6 60.4 64.6

7 372 3 375 3 997

56.1 53.9 58.2

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

10 871 8 594 1 832 260 2 422 11 011 8 701 1 873 277

9 635 8 279 1 490 185 1 444 9 770 8 384 1 528 203

88.6 96.3 81.3 71.4 59.6 88.7 96.4 81.6 73.2

7 030 6 169 965 97 924 7 135 6 251 994 112

64.7 71.8 52.6 37.2 38.2 64.8 71.8 53.1 40.2

6 349 5 577 815 86 824 6 450 5 656 841 99

58.4 64.9 44.5 33.1 34.0 58.6 65.0 44.9 35.7

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 503 4 522 4 374 1 345 1 390

1 257 3 658 3 970 1 258 1 326

83.7 80.9 90.8 93.5 95.4

712 2 488 2 916 988 1 115

47.4 55.0 66.7 73.5 80.2

581 2 173 2 693 922 1 003

38.7 48.1 61.6 68.6 72.2

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

GEORGIA At a Glance: •

Georgia’s population was just over 8.8 million in 2004, ranking it as the ninth most populous state in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites totaled 60.2 percent of the population, and Blacks made up 29.7 percent of residents, which was the fourth largest proportion of this racial group in the United States. Georgia had the fifth highest birth rate in the nation. In 2004, 9.6 percent of the state’s population was age 65 years and over, which was the third lowest proportion of this age group in the country. Median household income ranked 37th in the nation. The poverty rate was 13.1 percent, which was only slightly above the national average and ranked as the 19th highest in the country. Georgia’s unemployment rate was 4.6 percent in 2004, ranking as the 13th lowest in the nation. The gross state product, which has grown steadily in recent years, ranked 10th in the country. In 2004, 17.4 percent of the state’s population lacked health insurance, giving Georgia one of the highest proportions of uninsured residents in the nation.

• •

• • • •

Table GA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

6 478 216 2.6

8 186 453 2.9

8 829 383 3.0

X X

1.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

3 144 503 3 333 713

4 027 113 4 159 340

4 365 423 4 463 960

49.4 50.6

2.0 1.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

495 535 1 231 768 1 167 465 4 750 913 738 584 2 190 594 654 270 57 244

595 150 1 574 084 6 017 219 837 732 2 652 764 1 741 448 785 275 87 857

679 064 1 653 503 6 496 816 901 607 2 755 988 1 992 139 847 082 95 273

7.7 18.7 73.6 10.2 31.2 22.6 9.6 1.1

2.1 2.1 2.3 1.4 1.7 3.9 1.9 3.9

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.4

33.4

33.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

3.0 United States

2.4

Georgia 2.0

1.9 1.7 1.2

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Georgia’s population has grown steadily in recent years. Between 2000 and 2004, its rate of increase was the fifth fastest in the country. During this time, the state experienced high rates of immigration. Georgia was the fourth leading destination for people moving from other states; more than 181,000 people moved to the state from 2000 to 2004. Another 161,000 moved to Georgia from other countries. An above average birth rate also contributed to the high population growth. The population growth has largely been centered around Atlanta, which has drawn large numbers of working-age people.

Year

129

130

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table GA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

6 478 216

8 186 453

8 829 383

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

70.1 26.8 0.2 1.2 0.7 ...

62.8 28.6 0.2 2.2 ... 0.8

60.2 29.2 0.2 2.6 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.7

5.3

6.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

40

Asian and Pacific Islander

30

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

American Indian, Alaska Native 20

Non-Hispanic Black

10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Georgia’s infant mortality rate of 8.7 deaths per 1,000 live births was the eighth highest rate in the nation. The state’s birth rate for teenage mothers was the ninth highest in the United States. The age-adjusted death rates in Georgia were above average for most of the leading causes of death. Table GA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

135 979 15.7 53.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

8.7

6.9

958.9 919.9 1 136.7 ... 410.2 366.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.4 11.7 8.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Georgia 800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table GA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

64 601

958.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral Hepatitis .................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

23 621 13 828 3 109 3 277 1 504 1 699 1 393 1 526 1 320 1 259 897 1 118 660 550 490 669 400 725 124 132 124 128

363.7 202.3 48.1 42.0 22.3 27.0 23.1 18.5 20.3 19.1 11.0 13.4 8.8 6.5 6.1 7.7 6.1 8.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 1.7

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

GEORGIA

131

Table GA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 366 615 1 713 072 1 306 756 406 316 76 675 329 641 653 543 537 702 115 841

3 006 369 2 111 647 1 548 800 562 847 127 437 435 410 894 722 710 523 184 199

3 210 006 2 217 238 1 583 309 633 929 149 025 484 904 992 768 826 300 166 468

1.7 1.2 0.6 3.0 4.0 2.7 2.6 3.8 -2.5

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.66 2 638 418 2 366 615 1 536 759 829 856

2.65 3 281 737 3 006 369 2 029 154 977 215

2.67 3 672 677 3 210 006 2 172 266 1 037 740

X 2.9 1.7 1.7 1.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

433 70 700

613 111 200

677 136 912

2.5 5.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Georgia

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Georgia

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table GA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 970 43 579 45 103 45 433 45 961

13.1 11.9 11.2 12.9 12.1

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 688 44 749 43 029 38 953 41 972 39 673 40 760 37 995 36 804 38 625

12.8 13.5 14.5 14.8 12.1 14.0 13.5 17.7 17.2 15.8

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 518 40 760 42 480 40 073 35 244 34 576 ... ... ... ...

15.0 14.0 14.6 14.6 17.7 16.9 18.8 19.6 16.3 13.9

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

132

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table GA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

6 534 436 637 1 323 1 364 1 187 813 773

4 399 160 461 1 088 1 154 947 486 103

67.3 36.7 72.4 82.2 84.6 79.7 59.7 13.3

4 194 134 427 1 037 1 115 907 473 99

4.7 16.3 7.3 4.7 3.4 4.2 2.5 3.3

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

3 142 211 314 659 678 555 406

2 389 88 253 606 618 475 283

76.0 41.7 80.6 91.9 91.2 85.6 69.7

2 280 74 234 582 597 452 277

4.6 15.5 7.6 4.0 3.4 4.7 2.0

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

3 392 225 324 664 687 633 407

2 010 72 208 483 536 472 203

59.2 32.0 64.3 72.7 78.1 74.6 49.8

1 914 60 194 456 518 454 196

4.8 17.2 7.0 5.6 3.4 3.7 3.3

1 778 1 740 497

1 424 1 054 354

80.1 60.6 71.3

1 394 1 020 328

2.1 3.3 7.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 558 2 244 2 314

3 052 1 732 1 320

67.0 77.2 57.1

2 946 1 677 1 270

3.5 3.2 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 738 773 965

1 178 560 618

67.8 72.5 64.1

1 087 512 575

7.7 8.6 7.0

Asian .....................................................

164

118

71.5

113

3.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

383 228 155

299 208 91

78.1 91.5 58.4

285 202 83

4.6 2.9 8.5

White 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

421 881 929 839 611 615

297 718 789 681 385 80

70.7 81.5 84.9 81.1 62.9 13.0

280 695 768 658 376 78

5.8 3.2 2.7 3.3 2.2 2.6

Black 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................

378 390 309

314 328 233

83.0 84.0 75.4

288 310 218

8.1 5.2 6.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table GA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

4 390 395 4 340 666 4 308 229 4 277 967 4 233 388

4 188 271 4 134 525 4 100 119 4 107 109 4 084 062

202 124 206 141 208 110 170 858 149 326

4.6 4.7 4.8 4.0 3.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

4 106 678 4 029 245 3 926 801 3 812 908 3 699 727 3 594 682 3 485 592 3 410 412 3 298 665 3 300 136

3 951 684 3 861 646 3 751 699 3 638 219 3 522 905 3 412 606 3 278 794 3 182 777 3 132 596 3 129 389

154 994 167 599 175 102 174 689 176 822 182 076 206 798 227 635 166 069 170 747

3.8 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.9 6.7 5.0 5.2

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Georgia

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

GEORGIA

133

Table GA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

4 907 675 65 561 4 842 114 4 133 251 28 210 9 784 21 270 313 109 520 835 236 716 284 119 229 213 549 060 194 108 154 864 203 359 156 853 293 582 66 917 315 065 76 906 360 418 71 067 316 370 252 261 708 863

4 893 437 67 281 4 826 156 4 102 109 27 760 8 940 21 141 302 188 488 989 219 824 269 165 222 484 543 125 188 829 142 527 205 441 162 974 290 802 61 516 321 483 81 934 374 107 71 453 320 923 265 493 724 047

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

34 559 18 190 34 623 35 201 22 184 45 474 64 169 35 749 37 394 39 792 35 415 52 838 22 518 42 938 57 265 54 820 35 008 55 967 58 141 24 553 26 829 33 588 27 602 14 262 22 255 31 819

35 178 17 737 35 249 35 598 21 825 47 437 67 151 36 058 38 287 40 346 36 623 52 659 22 907 43 747 56 979 56 296 36 413 56 315 60 179 25 228 27 425 34 789 30 417 14 319 22 682 33 629

4 921 409 66 664 4 854 745 4 120 414 26 317 9 168 21 001 309 926 464 210 207 381 256 829 219 647 539 380 187 008 134 328 207 635 175 923 295 784 53 699 325 819 84 524 389 800 72 826 333 297 270 122 734 331

5 016 893 66 868 4 950 025 4 208 712 26 126 9 160 20 806 316 573 464 534 210 751 253 783 222 069 544 756 190 539 131 307 210 611 184 537 298 668 55 377 352 174 86 445 401 782 73 743 345 994 273 511 741 313

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 -2.5 -2.2 -0.7 0.4 -3.7 -3.8 -3.7 -1.0 -0.3 -0.6 -5.4 1.2 5.6 0.6 -6.1 3.8 4.0 3.7 1.2 3.0 2.7 1.5

37 353 17 224 37 440 37 806 23 758 51 606 68 384 38 424 41 420 43 481 39 726 56 319 24 148 46 167 61 395 61 277 40 117 58 771 72 482 27 499 29 566 37 066 28 150 14 937 24 262 35 766

2.6 -1.8 2.6 2.4 2.3 4.3 2.1 2.4 3.5 3.0 3.9 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.3 3.8 4.6 1.6 7.6 3.8 3.3 3.3 0.7 1.6 2.9 4.0

Dollars 36 112 14 890 36 202 36 444 22 339 49 315 68 230 36 893 39 507 41 580 37 852 53 609 23 609 44 577 59 675 58 297 37 293 56 886 65 052 26 754 28 364 35 580 29 296 14 465 23 519 35 102

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Georgia’s unemployment rate has been below average in recent years. The state also had a relatively high labor force participation rate, indicating a reasonably active labor market. The government sector was the largest employer in 2004, followed by retail trade, manufacturing, and health care services. As in many other states, manufacturing employment declined between 2001 and 2003. It appeared to have stabilized in 2004, as factory jobs edged up, although it remained well below its employment level from 2001. Georgia’s average wages and salaries were below the national average across most industries, and the earnings growth rate was also slower than average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.8%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 10.9%

43.2%

Manufacturing Health care and social assistance

9.3%

Administrative and waste services Accommodation and food services

8.0% 6.9%

7.0%

Other

134

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table GA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

38 260 29 805 5 567 2 889 -135 3 024 3 309 -114 34 837 5 901 5 454 46 192 46 167 25

91 991 69 654 14 407 7 931 1 018 6 912 9 719 -113 82 159 19 906 12 577 114 643 113 400 1 243

187 035 140 529 27 348 19 158 1 361 17 797 19 367 -728 166 940 37 570 25 845 230 356 228 722 1 634

194 091 143 845 28 842 21 404 1 656 19 748 20 178 -766 173 148 38 767 28 702 240 616 238 650 1 967

197 039 144 592 31 727 20 719 1 126 19 593 20 579 -811 175 649 36 731 32 568 244 948 243 503 1 445

203 388 147 807 33 825 21 757 1 591 20 166 21 073 -812 181 504 36 235 32 924 250 662 248 792 1 870

216 335 155 166 37 477 23 692 1 730 21 961 22 782 -840 192 713 37 362 35 462 265 538 263 476 2 062

3.7 2.5 8.2 5.5 6.2 5.4 4.1 X 3.7 -0.1 8.2 3.6 3.6 6.0

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 420

17 603

27 989

28 675

28 683

28 890

30 074

1.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

United States Georgia

Dollars

30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Georgia had the 10th largest gross state product in 2004. However, its growth rate over the 2001–2004 period ranked 37th in the nation. From 2003 to 2004, the state’s economic activity began to see some improvement with an above average rate of growth. Manufacturing, information, real estate and related activities, and finance and insurance were the strongest contributors to this growth. Housing prices rose substantially in the urban areas of Georgia, particularly in the Atlanta metropolitan area, but statewide housing price appreciation was relatively low. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Georgia ranked 27th in the country and was well below the national average.

Table GA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

250 758 2.9

265 886 3.0

283 096 3.0

291 014 3.0

292 880 3.0

294 780 2.9

302 966 2.9

316 652 2.9

2.6 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

218 721 2 558 809 5 289 12 923 41 062 16.4 19 008 16 838 9 864 13 141 13 151 27 320 57 197 22.8 14 013 6 442 7 828 1 372 13 315 1 757 6 425 6 045 32 110 12.8

232 971 2 650 932 5 277 13 723 43 135 16.2 21 775 17 874 10 566 14 990 13 776 28 637 59 841 22.5 15 770 6 356 8 274 1 437 13 346 1 686 6 790 6 182 32 952 12.4

249 530 2 871 1 010 5 408 14 553 46 830 16.5 23 181 19 274 11 501 17 441 14 990 29 919 62 599 22.1 16 638 6 380 9 061 1 571 13 902 1 915 7 171 5 961 33 567 11.9

256 521 3 036 1 028 5 871 14 385 46 223 15.9 23 275 19 864 12 287 18 766 16 174 31 254 64 358 22.1 17 876 6 128 8 866 1 611 14 411 1 920 7 474 6 072 34 493 11.9

257 693 2 979 946 5 457 14 048 42 251 14.4 24 957 21 085 11 646 20 169 16 812 32 428 65 019 22.2 18 257 5 898 8 700 2 137 14 950 1 991 7 284 5 802 35 183 12.0

258 854 2 548 917 5 517 13 327 42 204 14.3 24 624 21 789 12 109 20 304 17 216 32 413 66 027 22.4 18 366 5 691 9 088 2 093 15 686 2 094 7 185 5 824 35 907 12.2

265 704 3 299 946 5 906 13 379 42 996 14.2 23 689 22 810 12 547 21 311 18 795 32 616 67 603 22.3 18 786 5 705 9 618 1 987 16 238 2 004 7 384 5 881 37 223 12.3

278 496 2 714 866 6 020 13 738 45 707 14.4 24 475 23 921 13 293 23 047 20 170 34 211 70 784 22.4 19 227 6 218 10 453 1 958 16 896 1 919 7 872 6 241 38 154 12.0

2.6 -3.1 -2.9 3.3 -0.7 2.7 X -0.6 4.3 4.5 4.5 6.3 1.8 2.9 X 1.7 1.8 6.3 -2.9 4.2 -1.2 2.6 2.5 2.7 X

X = Not applicable.

GEORGIA

135

Table GA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

5 083

11 769

23 696

26 218

30 392

30 899

33 272

8.9

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 442 2 322 101 14 4

5 303 5 068 162 48 25

9 822 9 506 207 71 37

10 506 10 177 214 74 41

11 172 10 807 225 89 52

11 706 11 324 233 89 60

12 352 11 959 238 91 65

5.9 5.9 3.5 6.6 14.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 127 614 479 35

4 032 2 233 1 668 131

9 623 4 982 4 490 150

10 863 5 559 5 071 234

13 497 5 993 7 173 330

12 845 6 385 6 177 283

14 450 7 083 7 023 344

10.7 9.2 11.8 23.0

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

737 234 138 274 92

1 415 415 335 407 257

2 806 785 266 489 1 265

2 954 826 275 534 1 319

3 283 854 193 648 1 588

3 827 887 292 820 1 828

4 202 928 298 960 2 016

10.6 4.3 2.9 18.4 12.4 19.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

264

324

332

630

1 040

1 038

674

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

433

551

823

891

999

1 080

1 157

8.9

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

78

140

271

336

385

379

401

10.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

3

20

38

17

23

35

14.4

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, Georgia ranked 11th in the nation for the value of its exports, which totaled $19.6 billion. Exports grew by 34 percent over the 2001–2004 period. Transportation equipment, computers and electronic products, machinery, and chemical manufactures were the leading exports. The value of Georgia’s transportation exports more than doubled from 2001 to 2004. Computers and electronic product exports increased 43 percent during the same period. Canada, Japan, and Mexico were the largest of Georgia’s export markets. Exports to China have doubled since 2001, and the country became Georgia’s sixth leading export market.

Computers and electronic products 13.5% Machinery 12.3%

Chemicals 12.0%

Transportation equipment 23.0%

Paper 7.2%

Other 32.0%

Table GA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

14 644 13 498 838 308

14 413 13 193 903 317

16 286 14 964 979 343

19 633 18 124 1 092 416

100.0 92.3 5.6 2.1

10.3 10.3 9.3 10.6

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Paper products (322) .............................................................

2 174 1 860 1 755 1 740 1 401

2 542 1 869 1 362 1 873 1 341

3 132 2 469 1 556 2 096 1 362

4 517 2 658 2 414 2 347 1 405

23.0 13.5 12.3 12.0 7.2

27.6 12.6 11.2 10.5 0.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Netherlands ...........................................................................

11 937 3 751 1 367 948 783 425

11 989 3 638 1 249 1 091 954 626

13 672 3 962 1 517 1 163 1 036 893

16 383 4 265 1 546 1 495 1 111 833

83.4 21.7 7.9 7.6 5.7 4.2

11.1 4.4 4.2 16.4 12.4 25.1

136

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table GA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 49 343 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 11 262 838

2002

49 311 10 744 239

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

228

218

35.7 54.0 10.3

39.2 50.9 9.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

362 690 1 550 42 061

457 427 2 112 51 847

5 182 676 1 995 404 3 187 272 105 034

4 911 752 1 579 596 3 332 156 99 608

65.6 19.3 15.1

69.3 18.0 12.7

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

68 579 34.5

118 535 31.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

40.2

50.9

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from the sale of farm products totaled $4.9 billion in 2002, a decrease from the last farm census in 1997. Georgia’s major products were poultry, cotton, and peanuts. Crops made up about 32 percent of the total value of agricultural products sold. More than 69 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000. About half of farm operators considered farming to be their primary occupation. Just over 39 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Energy prices were below average in Georgia. The state ranked 37th in the nation by expenditures per person in 2001, the latest year for which data are available from the Department of Energy. Georgia’s per capita consumption dropped to 343 Btu, which ranked 26th in the country. The highest consumption was in the industrial sector, followed by the transportation sector. In 2001, petroleum accounted for about 35 percent of energy consumption, followed by coal at 26.8 percent.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 1,500

Trillion of Btu

Residential 22.3%

Transportation 29.8%

1,000

500

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 30.4%

Commercial 17.5%

Table GA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

701 822 178.0

918 235 212.0

1 280 960 279.2

1 493 402 294.9

1 727 617 316.2

1 941 712 325.6

2 305 073 355.8

2 658 073 369.8

2 983 994 364.5

2 880 617 343.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

23.4 9.4 37.4 29.7

21.0 9.9 41.1 28.0

21.1 11.4 36.2 31.3

20.9 12.9 33.6 32.6

20.7 12.0 35.5 31.8

20.2 13.6 35.8 30.4

20.0 14.5 36.0 29.6

20.8 14.8 34.6 29.8

22.6 16.8 31.8 28.8

22.3 17.5 30.4 29.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

88 950 188 460 302 233 0 24 810 71 206 0 26 163

152 600 219 774 391 416 0 33 808 74 215 0 46 422

193 155 342 834 553 595 0 26 430 71 792 0 93 155

311 988 335 376 658 275 34 063 45 103 78 324 0 30 272

521 518 325 288 707 328 92 015 45 942 91 793 0 -56 267

725 678 289 696 782 317 107 602 29 522 113 751 0 -106 855

714 130 319 413 833 290 262 401 51 295 190 845 147 -66 446

723 828 383 519 960 154 322 151 48 819 204 892 213 14 497

819 542 421 336 1 041 135 338 660 23 727 192 167 331 147 096

772 042 362 696 1 034 027 351 907 20 620 164 511 348 174 466

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 769 100 386

3 954 700 781

8 862 000 1 622

11 094 600 1 861

13 011 900 2 009

14 694 600 2 044

19 764 100 2 414

19 361 300 2 306

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.85 2.28 2.62 0.88 2.33

3.64 4.27 4.97 2.26 4.11

7.26 7.78 7.68 4.83 8.73

8.35 11.79 12.14 6.26 7.90

8.26 13.99 14.49 5.01 7.67

7.97 14.11 14.64 4.67 7.09

9.87 15.27 14.99 5.55 9.79

10.08 16.82 16.01 5.97 9.15

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the electric utilities within

the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

137

GEORGIA

Table GA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

14 570 573

100.0

1 650.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

65 118

0.4

7.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

6 468 785 4 921 337 1 547 448 149 801 317 463 755 994 227 348 96 842

44.4 33.8 10.6 1.0 2.2 5.2 1.6 0.7

732.7 557.4 175.3 17.0 36.0 85.6 25.8 11.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

617 663 279 991 117 376 103 811

4.2 1.9 0.8 0.7

70.0 31.7 13.3 11.8

134.9 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

7 419 007 6 830 486 494 701

50.9 46.9 3.4

840.3 773.6 56.0

847.6 673.6 105.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Georgia

2,000

Dollars

State revenues amounted to over $26.3 billion in 2003. Revenues per person, at $3,033, were well below the U.S. average and ranked 46th in the nation. The state’s expenditures per capita were slightly higher at $3,376, but ranked among the 10 lowest in the country. Georgia’s per capita taxes of $1,650 ranked 42nd in the country. Individual income taxes accounted for $774 of this total, and ranked 16th in the nation among the 43 states with such taxes. The other major component of state revenues was sales taxes; property taxes were very low. Georgia’s debt per capita was among the lowest in the nation.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table GA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

26 320 141 9 028 114 13 411 632 4 770 869 1 256 542 452 513 6 271 374 484 139 176 195 1 970 480 1 909 915

100.0 34.3 51.0 18.1 4.8 1.7 23.8 1.8 0.7 7.5 7.3

3 033.7 1 040.6 1 545.8 549.9 144.8 52.2 722.8 55.8 20.3 227.1 220.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

29 291 099 9 016 458 20 274 641

100.0 30.8 69.2

3 376.1 1 039.2 2 336.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

12 748 724 8 059 442 686 804 884 198 1 842 562 263 366 1 271 565 498 380 152 957 687 028 429 906 1 766 167

43.5 27.5 2.3 3.0 6.3 0.9 4.3 1.7 0.5 2.3 1.5 6.0

1 469.4 928.9 79.2 101.9 212.4 30.4 146.6 57.4 17.6 79.2 49.6 203.6

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

8 890 184

X

1 024.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

61 859 351

X

7 129.9

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

138

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table GA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 5 525

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

85.2 27.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 496 012 46.4 4.3 2 003 15.7 7 774

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

6.5

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

406 171 31 974 58.7

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Georgia 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Georgia matched the national average with 85.2 percent of its population holding high school diplomas. The state ranked 18th in the nation with 27.6 percent of its population having graduated from college. Among the 46 states reporting dropout rates, Georgia had one of the 10 highest rates. Georgia’s per student expenditures were below the U.S. average. The student/teacher ratio was slightly below the national average of 15.9. The state had an above average proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Just over 4 percent of Georgia’s students were English language learners, compared to 7.8 percent nationally.

Georgia’s voter participation rates tended to be well below the national average. In 2000, it was among 5 states with voter turnouts of less than 50 percent. In 2004, 52.6 of eligible Georgia residents voted. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest voter turnout, with less than 20 percent of eligible voters in each group turning out. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 55 percent of the state’s residents voted for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000 and 58 percent voted similarly in 2004. The only group with an over 60 percent turnout rate was persons age 65 to 74 years, who had a turnout rate of over 69 percent.

Table GA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

5 775 2 697 3 078

5 553 2 584 2 969

96.1 95.8 96.5

3 528 1 609 1 919

61.1 59.7 62.3

2 827 1 270 1 557

49.0 47.1 50.6

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

6 338 3 070 3 268

5 866 2 793 3 074

92.6 91.0 94.1

3 948 1 791 2 157

62.3 58.4 66.0

3 332 1 503 1 829

52.6 49.0 56.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

4 390 4 051 1 688 194 376 4 431 4 093 1 703 194

4 068 3 993 1 598 133 86 4 110 4 035 1 614 133

92.7 98.6 94.7 68.5 22.8 92.8 98.6 94.8 68.5

2 788 2 753 1 083 43 36 2 808 2 773 1 089 43

63.5 68.0 64.2 22.1 9.6 63.4 67.8 64.0 22.1

2 351 2 327 919 31 26 2 368 2 343 925 31

53.6 57.4 54.4 16.1 7.0 53.4 57.3 54.3 16.1

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

856 2 668 2 004 520 289

777 2 344 1 948 508 289

90.7 87.9 97.2 97.7 100.0

457 1 550 1 338 393 211

53.4 58.1 66.7 75.5 73.0

361 1 316 1 136 361 157

42.2 49.3 56.7 69.4 54.3

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

HAWAII At a Glance: •

Hawaii’s population was close to 1.3 million in 2004, ranking it as the 42nd most populous state in the country. Hawaii was one of a few states with a minority group as the largest racial group in the state. In 2004, Asian and Pacific Islanders of one race represented 49.4 percent of the population—the highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Among persons reporting two or more races, the majority included Asian and Pacific Islander. Median household income in Hawaii was the third highest in the nation. However, this figure is overstated, as income figures are not adjusted for cost of living. (Hawaii’s cost of living was among the highest in the United States, due to its reliance on imports of most goods.) In 2004, Hawaii’s unemployment rate was 3.3 percent, the lowest in the country. The proportion of people lacking health insurance was very low—only 9.6 percent, compared with 15.7 percent for the nation as a whole.

•

•

• •

Table HI-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 108 229 0.4

1 211 537 0.4

1 262 840 0.4

X X

1.0 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

563 891 544 338

608 671 602 866

630 025 632 815

49.9 50.1

0.9 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

83 223 196 903 202 878 828 103 121 185 379 035 125 005 10 397

78 163 217 604 915 770 114 893 362 336 277 940 160 601 17 564

88 759 209 934 964 147 126 248 341 359 324 532 172 008 25 344

7.0 16.6 76.3 10.0 27.0 25.7 13.6 2.0

0.3 0.5 1.1 0.2 -0.7 3.5 2.4 6.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.5

36.2

37.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Percent change per year

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 2.0

United States Hawaii

1.5

1.4 1.2

1.0

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.0

0.5 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Hawaii’s population’s growth rate of 4.2 percent from 2000 to 2004 was slightly below the national average. Although net international immigration, largely from the Far East, drew in over 24,000 new residents, Hawaii’s out-migration to other states was also strong—nearly 12,000 residents left the state during the 2000–2004 period. The median age of the population, at 37.7 years, was the 14th highest in the nation. Over 70 percent of the state’s population was based in Honolulu. Non-Hispanic Whites comprised 23.3 percent of Hawaii’s population, the lowest proportion of this racial group in the nation.

Year

139

140

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table HI-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 108 229

1 211 537

1 262 840

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

31.4 2.3 0.5 61.8 1.9 ...

23.3 1.7 0.2 50.2 ... 17.3

23.3 2.0 0.2 49.4 ... 17.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

7.3

7.2

7.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

80

American Indian, Alaska Native

60

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 40 Non-Hispanic Black 20 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

Hawaii’s infant mortality rate was above the U.S. average. However, the state’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was the lowest in the nation. Hawaii’s birth rate was slightly above average, but its birth rate for teenage mothers was below average. Table HI-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

18 100 14.4 37.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.2

6.9

660.1 674.0 427.7 ... 652.4 1 107.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

9.6 5.4 2.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

. . . = Not available.

United States Hawaii

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table HI-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002

HEALTH

1May be of any race.

1,000

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

(Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

8 495

660.1

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

3 380 1 971 274 369 193 225 127 121 124 148 131 45 83 77 38 35 74 26 19 19 32 *

262.7 151.9 21.1 29.4 14.9 17.5 10.0 9.7 9.6 11.5 10.5 3.6 6.4 6.2 3.0 2.9 5.8 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.6 *

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

HAWAII

141

Table HI-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

356 267 263 456 210 468 52 988 15 579 37 409 92 811 68 985 23 826

403 240 287 068 216 077 70 991 21 068 49 923 116 172 88 153 28 019

427 673 295 350 223 999 71 351 21 238 50 113 132 323 104 002 28 321

1.5 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.1 3.3 4.2 0.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

3.01 389 810 356 267 191 911 164 356

2.92 460 542 403 240 227 888 175 352

2.87 482 873 427 673 251 808 175 865

X 1.2 1.5 2.5 0.1

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

650 242 600

779 272 700

871 364 840

2.8 7.5

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 400,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

United States

60,000

Hawaii 300,000

750

500

100,000

Dollars

200,000

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

20,000 United States

250

Hawaii 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table HI-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

56 454 53 227 49 687 50 622 56 540

8.4 9.3 11.3 11.4 8.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

50 445 47 251 48 042 50 072 52 744 53 274 54 920 55 565 50 375 54 545

10.8 10.9 13.9 12.1 10.3 8.7 8.0 11.2 7.7 11.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 541 50 669 55 691 47 691 48 492 49 963 ... ... ... ...

11.3 11.1 8.8 10.7 10.7 9.3 12.9 13.2 11.3 8.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

142

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table HI-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

946 59 80 152 167 173 131 184

612 21 61 129 141 147 85 27

64.7 36.5 76.4 84.4 84.3 85.3 64.9 14.8

591 18 56 125 138 144 84 26

3.4 15.0 8.6 3.1 2.3 2.0 1.8 2.7

Men ....................................................... 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

455 39 76 80 87 63

317 31 69 72 77 43

69.7 80.3 90.5 90.6 87.6 68.7

304 28 66 71 75 42

4.1 9.6 4.2 2.3 2.6 1.9

Women ................................................. 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

491 41 76 88 85 68

295 30 60 69 71 42

60.1 72.7 78.4 78.6 82.8 61.4

287 28 59 67 70 41

2.7 7.6 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.8

248 253 49

175 161 29

70.7 63.6 59.1

171 158 28

2.2 1.9 3.9

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

205 104 101

138 74 63

67.1 71.6 62.6

134 72 62

2.7 2.7 2.7

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

482 218 264

297 147 151

61.7 67.3 57.1

290 142 148

2.3 2.9 1.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

54 27 27

38 20 17

69.7 75.9 63.7

35 19 16

6.7 6.6 6.8

White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

31 40 44 35

25 33 37 23

80.3 81.8 85.6 64.4

24 33 37 22

3.8 1.3 2.3 2.0

Asian 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

34 66 78 87 69 125

27 57 67 77 46 16

79.0 86.5 85.3 88.8 66.1 12.9

25 56 66 76 45 16

6.1 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table HI-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

615 811 612 498 608 779 613 012 607 764

595 772 588 637 584 054 586 754 583 197

20 039 23 861 24 725 26 258 24 567

3.3 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

606 660 604 302 601 664 596 753 589 479 585 818 581 745 576 009 563 044 551 028

576 314 570 152 566 766 561 683 557 042 555 749 556 331 551 563 547 351 537 620

30 346 34 150 34 898 35 070 32 437 30 069 25 414 24 446 15 693 13 408

5.0 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.5 5.1 4.4 4.2 2.8 2.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Hawaii

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

HAWAII

143

Table HI-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

767 161 12 137 755 024 586 471 4 630 532 2 720 33 051 19 604 D D 20 341 85 020 28 945 13 496 23 793 33 427 38 267 6 175 46 085 14 905 61 625 19 970 91 618 42 267 168 553

770 187 12 259 757 928 588 079 4 942 469 2 745 33 919 18 545 D D 20 145 82 668 26 941 13 049 23 847 33 542 39 129 6 802 48 597 15 444 62 962 20 299 90 258 43 776 169 849

786 058 12 178 773 880 602 990 4 296 552 2 753 36 614 18 087 D D 20 556 83 487 27 486 12 146 23 853 35 779 40 243 6 905 51 134 16 205 64 991 20 417 92 612 44 874 170 890

808 434 12 051 796 383 623 494 3 987 580 2 791 38 353 18 733 6 150 12 583 21 040 86 827 28 932 12 458 24 352 37 324 41 166 7 020 52 630 16 633 67 180 21 045 96 631 45 812 172 889

1.8 -0.2 1.8 2.1 -4.9 2.9 0.9 5.1 -1.5 ... ... 1.1 0.7 0.0 -2.6 0.8 3.7 2.5 4.4 4.5 3.7 2.9 1.8 1.8 2.7 0.9

35 750 26 549 35 847 33 885 22 988 79 461 73 448 50 901 32 467 38 756 30 010 42 343 24 587 36 545 48 417 54 351 37 172 51 138 84 119 25 567 27 557 37 319 23 047 24 595 25 646 41 335

4.5 3.0 4.5 4.1 -1.1 11.1 3.7 2.6 2.7 ... ... 3.7 3.8 0.2 3.9 5.2 6.6 4.0 15.0 5.2 3.0 2.8 3.8 4.5 3.1 5.7

Dollars AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

31 304 24 330 31 382 30 072 23 785 57 968 65 795 47 082 29 974 D D 37 997 21 981 36 286 43 225 46 723 30 650 45 512 55 320 21 945 25 229 34 346 20 626 21 534 23 394 34 953

32 897 24 480 32 991 31 181 25 189 63 751 66 355 49 093 30 612 D D 38 892 22 766 36 850 43 091 50 758 32 359 47 424 60 243 22 995 25 294 34 830 21 232 22 267 23 901 37 885

34 138 23 406 34 257 32 244 24 076 67 191 70 691 49 526 31 353 D D 40 427 24 005 36 492 45 358 51 087 34 569 49 496 60 713 24 094 26 309 35 924 22 188 23 197 24 667 39 783

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other" consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET After a period of high unemployment during the late 1990s, Hawaii’s unemployment rate fell dramatically to become the lowest in the nation in 2004. This appears to have been partly due to the number of people who dropped out of the labor force (that is, who were not employed or seeking a job). This was indicated by relatively low labor force participation rates. Another reason for this precipitous decline was the relatively strong growth in employment over the 2001–2004 period. Wage and salary employment was concentrated in retail trade, health care, tourism (accommodation and food services industries), and government. Average wages and salaries in most industries were below the national averages.

Employment by Industry, 2004

21.4%

Government and government enterprises Accommodation and food services

35.4%

Retail trade 12.0%

Health care and social assistance Administration and waste services Other services, except public administration

5.7%

10.7% 6.5%

8.3%

Other

144

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table HI-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

9 158 6 692 1 550 916 228 688 781 0 8 377 1 733 962 11 073 10 699 374

20 225 14 492 3 487 2 247 65 2 182 2 113 0 18 112 4 505 2 087 24 704 24 455 249

26 478 19 267 4 325 2 887 11 2 876 2 668 0 23 810 6 567 4 074 34 451 34 252 199

26 960 19 889 4 664 2 407 15 2 391 2 786 0 24 174 6 596 4 357 35 126 34 925 202

28 602 20 922 5 322 2 358 18 2 340 2 987 0 25 615 6 045 4 712 36 371 36 164 207

30 508 22 092 5 882 2 534 26 2 508 3 220 0 27 288 5 946 4 892 38 125 37 918 208

33 012 23 715 6 516 2 781 6 2 774 3 388 0 29 624 6 279 5 272 41 176 40 970 205

5.7 5.3 10.8 -0.9 -13.0 -0.9 6.2 X 5.6 -1.1 6.7 4.6 4.6 0.8

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 443

22 186

28 422

28 745

29 462

30 531

32 606

3.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Hawaii

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Hawaii’s economy recovered at an above average rate from the 2001 recession, as the service industries’ growth rates picked up considerably. Particular growth was seen in tourism, a cyclically sensitive industry, and health care. Jobs in construction also grew substantially. The state’s gross state product (GSP) ranked 41st in the nation. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew 6 percent, which was the 5th highest rate of growth in the country. Housing prices appreciated considerably in Honolulu and surrounding areas, placing these homes among the most expensive properties in the United States. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Hawaii was the second highest in the nation.

Table HI-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

40 412 0.5

39 629 0.4

39 821 0.4

40 176 0.4

40 532 0.4

41 398 0.4

42 964 0.4

45 556 0.4

4.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

31 335 283 14 834 2 032 901 2.2 1 294 2 933 1 662 1 116 1 896 6 701 11 741 29.1 1 732 601 1 108 417 2 637 549 3 526 1 171 9 080 22.5

30 662 295 15 813 1 879 857 2.2 1 373 2 850 1 611 1 165 1 744 6 607 11 494 29.0 1 739 547 1 074 409 2 645 541 3 357 1 182 8 972 22.6

30 917 348 16 831 1 734 874 2.2 1 399 2 895 1 731 1 255 1 715 6 778 11 348 28.5 1 701 497 1 135 395 2 609 511 3 366 1 134 8 906 22.4

31 480 365 18 829 1 817 838 2.1 1 372 3 018 1 847 1 328 1 863 6 674 11 510 28.6 1 710 431 1 166 403 2 666 492 3 560 1 082 8 696 21.6

31 765 323 16 780 1 777 761 1.9 1 506 3 221 1 986 1 343 1 893 6 747 11 431 28.2 1 794 412 1 196 388 2 702 487 3 400 1 052 8 767 21.6

32 327 376 14 741 1 863 779 1.9 1 574 3 311 1 765 1 305 1 943 6 825 11 835 28.6 1 879 488 1 347 384 2 749 510 3 453 1 025 9 069 21.9

33 782 345 16 798 1 970 776 1.8 1 604 3 626 1 770 1 336 2 022 7 093 12 430 28.9 2 012 495 1 492 384 2 871 517 3 613 1 046 9 192 21.4

35 707 255 17 848 2 022 815 1.8 1 658 3 891 1 880 1 519 2 196 7 421 13 231 29.0 2 069 654 1 559 380 2 966 532 3 946 1 125 9 849 21.6

4.0 -7.6 2.0 2.8 4.4 2.3 X 3.3 6.5 -1.8 4.2 5.1 3.2 5.0 X 4.9 16.7 9.2 -0.7 3.2 3.0 5.1 2.3 4.0 X

X = Not applicable.

HAWAII

145

Table HI-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

902

1 960

3 844

4 100

4 485

4 689

5 072

7.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

378 366 2 9 *

918 894 3 18 2

1 654 1 629 2 19 5

1 779 1 752 2 20 5

1 890 1 856 2 25 7

1 973 1 940 2 25 6

2 086 2 051 2 26 7

6.0 5.9 2.5 8.0 9.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

210 98 107 5

617 346 240 31

1 340 682 640 18

1 442 760 655 27

1 614 819 760 36

1 723 870 829 25

1 992 962 1 000 30

10.4 9.0 11.8 13.2

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

200 20 91 62 27

279 52 100 85 42

572 104 141 162 166

544 107 126 149 162

573 111 114 152 196

612 113 106 156 237

640 118 102 154 266

2.8 3.2 -7.7 -1.2 12.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

51

46

106

147

202

168

121

3.3

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

52

68

129

139

155

168

182

9.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

11

19

38

43

46

42

44

3.7

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

13

4

6

3

3

6

9.7

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Hawaii ranked the lowest in the country in terms of the value of its exports ($405 million) in 2004. Petroleum and coal products were the leading export, followed by transportation equipment. Waste and scrap exports, which ranked third, grew 149 percent from 2001 to 2004. Beverage and tobacco exports grew from less than $1 million in 2001 to over $25 million in 2004, and were Hawaii’s sixth leading export. Due to Hawaii’s location, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea were the state’s largest export markets. Exports to Singapore and China have experienced the highest rates of growth in recent years.

Transportation equipment 14.3% Waste and scrap 10.6%

Petroleum and coal products 27.0%

Computers and electronic products 9.5% Processed foods 7.5% Other 31.1%

Table HI-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

370 302 30 38

514 420 26 68

368 290 26 52

405 310 29 66

100.0 76.6 7.2 16.2

3.1 0.9 -1.0 20.3

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Petroleum and coal products (324) ........................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Waste and scrap (910) .......................................................... Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Processed foods (311) ...........................................................

92 80 17 59 26

77 244 23 29 24

75 93 31 29 24

109 58 43 39 30

27.0 14.3 10.6 9.5 7.5

5.8 -10.0 35.6 -13.4 5.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Singapore .............................................................................. South Korea ........................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Canada ..................................................................................

359 140 7 56 13 24

501 164 77 23 8 19

299 148 6 34 13 20

399 117 48 44 34 24

98.6 28.9 11.9 10.9 8.4 5.9

3.6 -5.8 93.7 -7.4 36.3 -0.7

146

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table HI-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

5 473 1 439 071

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

263

241

89.0 8.4 2.6

88.0 8.9 3.1

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

632 281 2 405 38 709

842 875 3 507 35 568

496 935 401 411 95 524 90 798

533 423 445 356 88 067 98 819

58.1 33.7 8.2

56.3 34.8 9.0

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

625 2.1

886 2.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

55.8

57.9

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

5 398 1 300 499

Despite its pineapple, sugar cane, and macadamia nut crop production, Hawaii was not a major farming state. In 2002, cash receipts from farming totaled only $553 million, which ranked 41st in the nation. Only 9 percent of farms had sales of $100,000 or more. In 2002, 88 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the highest proportion of farms of this size in the nation. However, this proportion reflected the high market value of land and buildings, which ranked seventh with an average of nearly $843,000 per farm. ENERGY Energy prices per Btu in Hawaii were the second highest in the nation, due to its need to import products from the mainland and from abroad. However, expenditures per person were relatively low, ranking only 39th in the nation. Hawaii’s per capita consumption was also well below the national average, ranking 48th in the country.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

300

Residential 12.4%

200

Transportation 46.8%

100

Industrial 27.2% 0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 13.7%

Table HI-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

94 861 149.9

130 602 185.5

196 964 255.8

214 414 242.0

265 428 275.1

251 417 241.8

324 389 292.7

302 508 256.3

280 034 231.1

282 163 230.3

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

7.7 5.5 21.7 65.1

7.8 5.2 26.6 60.5

8.3 5.9 22.2 63.6

9.1 6.5 23.5 60.9

8.8 7.8 28.1 55.3

8.3 8.0 26.8 56.8

9.7 12.1 30.5 47.6

10.8 12.4 31.1 45.7

12.6 13.9 28.8 44.7

12.4 13.7 27.2 46.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

0 0 94 569 0 292 0 0 0

0 0 129 337 0 1 093 172 0 0

0 0 195 404 0 1 131 429 0 0

0 0 212 916 0 929 569 0 0

0 3 015 249 605 0 898 11 910 0 0

1 124 2 687 232 095 0 893 14 217 401 0

721 2 983 292 730 0 827 25 924 1 204 0

19 914 2 906 252 556 0 1 009 19 803 6 320 0

17 654 2 976 235 194 0 1 055 16 101 7 054 0

17 551 2 919 239 834 0 1 025 15 121 5 713 0

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

276 900 360

654 200 738

1 727 300 1 790

1 907 400 1 835

2 116 400 1 910

2 203 700 1 867

2 592 100 2 140

2 811 500 2 295

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.74 7.07 5.65 1.60 1.34

3.97 13.13 12.66 4.94 2.96

8.70 20.08 17.85 8.58 7.40

10.22 30.90 25.74 12.24 7.81

9.91 28.45 16.14 10.81 7.91

11.14 37.17 26.52 12.12 7.44

14.55 44.26 35.78 18.26 8.61

15.41 44.26 37.18 19.05 9.88

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

147

HAWAII

Table HI-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

3 849 135

100.0

3 047.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

2 470 299 1 900 377 569 922 41 250 81 916 84 378 99 504 79 387 183 487

64.2 49.4 14.8 1.1 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.1 4.8

1 955.9 1 504.6 451.2 32.7 64.9 66.8 78.8 62.9 145.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

123 257 89 268 19 484

3.2 2.3 0.5

97.6 70.7 15.4

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

1 255 579 1 169 205 58 119

32.6 30.4 1.5

994.1 925.7 46.0

847.6 673.6 105.1

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000 United States Hawaii

2,000

Dollars

Due to its small population base, Hawaii’s revenues per person were high in comparison to the national average. They amounted to over $5,100 in 2003, ranking 6th in the country. Hawaii also had high per capita expenditures of $5,486. In fiscal year 2004, per capita taxes amounted to nearly $3,048. The largest revenue source by far was sales taxes, which raised revenue from tourists as well as residents. The state’s individual income taxes amounted to almost $926 per person, which was the 10th highest amount in the nation. Hawaii had no property taxes. The state’s per capita debt was among the highest in the nation.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table HI-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 377 451 1 537 997 3 569 824 1 792 698 556 897 124 430 1 037 854 30 603 27 342 865 199 404 431

100.0 24.1 56.0 28.1 8.7 2.0 16.3 0.5 0.4 13.6 6.3

5 106.0 1 231.4 2 858.2 1 435.3 445.9 99.6 831.0 24.5 21.9 692.7 323.8

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

6 851 905 125 434 6 726 471

100.0 1.8 98.2

5 485.9 100.4 5 385.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

2 331 771 1 216 609 214 517 448 818 259 303 10 349 135 034 109 274 54 643 471 175 353 448 1 246 964

34.0 17.8 3.1 6.6 3.8 0.2 2.0 1.6 0.8 6.9 5.2 18.2

1 866.9 974.1 171.8 359.3 207.6 8.3 108.1 87.5 43.8 377.2 283.0 998.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 652 531

X

4 525.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

13 311 649

X

10 657.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

148

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table HI-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 823

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.0 26.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

183 829 42.5 7.0 283 16.5 8 100

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

5.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

66 071 5 047 60.8

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Hawaii 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Hawaii had an above average proportion of high school graduates in 2004, ranking 18th in the nation. The state’s college attainment level was slightly below the U.S. average. The student/teacher ratio was higher than average, with 16.5 students per teacher. The state’s per student expenditures of $8,100 were above the U.S. average. The dropout rate was 5.1 percent, which was the 14th highest among the 46 states reporting data. Hawaii had a slightly above average proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches. More than 60 percent of bachelor’s degrees were awarded to women in Hawaii, which was well above the U.S. average.

Hawaii ranked last for voter registration and voter turnout in both the 2000 and 2004 elections. This may be partly due to the time zone difference, which could have caused vote outcomes to be projected before Hawaiians went the polls. Non-Hispanic Whites reported voting at a rate of over 62 percent, while Asians, who were the state’s majority population, had a rate of about 42 percent. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 55.8 percent of Hawaiians voted for the Democratic candidate for president in 2000, and 54 percent voted Democrat in 2004.

Table HI-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

855 413 442

771 372 399

90.1 90.0 90.2

402 183 219

47.0 44.3 49.5

340 154 186

39.7 37.3 42.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

938 448 490

852 414 438

90.8 92.3 89.4

497 228 269

53.0 50.9 54.9

433 196 237

46.2 43.7 48.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

208 186 17 475 55 321 284 21 602

196 178 17 411 48 309 276 21 536

94.0 95.9 B 86.4 B 96.1 97.3 B 89.1

148 139 7 228 23 207 190 9 294

71.2 74.7 B 48.0 B 64.3 66.8 B 48.8

130 121 6 200 19 181 166 8 257

62.5 65.2 B 42.0 B 56.4 58.4 B 42.7

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

98 338 302 79 121

91 293 279 74 115

B 86.7 92.4 B 94.8

37 150 187 55 68

B 44.4 61.9 B 56.4

27 128 169 51 58

B 37.9 56.0 B 47.9

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

IDAHO At a Glance: •

Idaho was a relatively sparsely populated state. Its population of fewer than 1.4 million people ranked 39th in the nation in 2004. More than 87 percent of the state’s population was non-Hispanic White, which was the 10th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Hispanics (of any race) made up nearly 9 percent of the population. Median household income was just above the U.S. average and ranked 22nd in the nation. Idaho’s poverty rate, at 9.9 percent in 2004, was relatively low compared to the rest of the country. In 2004, the state’s unemployment rate was 4.7 percent, which was well below the U.S. average. Idaho’s gross state product was the ninth smallest in the country, but experienced above average growth in recent years. Idaho had the ninth highest proportion of high school graduates age 25 years and over; however, the percentage of people holding bachelor’s degrees or more was well below the U.S. average, ranking only 38th in 2004.

•

• • • •

Table ID-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 006 749 0.4

1 293 953 0.5

1 393 262 0.5

X X

1.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

500 956 505 793

648 660 645 293

698 624 694 638

50.1 49.9

1.9 1.9

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

80 193 228 212 176 864 698 344 98 247 301 968 121 265 11 398

97 643 271 387 924 923 138 829 362 401 277 777 145 916 18 057

103 482 268 929 1 020 851 156 734 376 582 328 840 158 695 22 478

7.4 19.3 73.3 11.2 27.0 23.6 11.4 1.6

1.7 1.2 2.8 3.4 1.6 4.6 2.0 5.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.5

33.2

34.1

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Percent change per year

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 3.0 2.5

United States Idaho

1.9

2.0

1.0

1.2

1.1

1990–2000

2000–2004

0.9 0.6

0.0 1980–1990

Year

Like the other Rocky Mountain states, Idaho has benefited in recent years from an influx of new residents, due in part to its summer and winter recreational opportunities. The state’s population growth rate of 7.7 percent from 2000 to 2004 was the 6th highest in the nation. Idaho’s high birth rate contributed to this growth, along with an influx of over 40,000 people from other states. Another 12,000 people moved to Idaho from outside the United States. The state’s median age of 34.1 years was among the lowest in the country, and it had among the highest proportion of population under 18 years of age in the nation.

149

150

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ID-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 006 749

1 293 953

1 393 262

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

92.2 0.3 1.4 0.9 3.0 ...

88.4 0.4 1.2 1.0 ... 1.1

87.2 0.4 1.2 1.1 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

5.3

7.9

8.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

15

Percent

American Indian, Alaska Native Asian and Pacific Islander

10

Non-Hispanic Black 5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

1,000

United States Idaho

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

HEALTH Despite a high overall birth rate, Idaho’s birth rate for teenage mothers was below the national average. The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rate for all causes were also below the U.S. averages. Idaho ranked 34th in the nation for its proportion of residents lacking health insurance.

Table ID-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

21 800 16.0 39.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.6

6.9

797.8 797.8 1 163.2 960.8 579.1 607.6

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

15.4 8.6 5.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Table ID-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

9 746

797.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

3 471 2 120 582 566 315 264 291 264 92 58 193 155 106 97 115 32 100 11 18 12 21 10

286.4 174.5 48.5 44.0 25.9 21.7 24.1 20.0 7.6 4.7 15.0 12.0 8.6 7.7 9.2 2.5 8.2 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.6 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

IDAHO

151

Table ID-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

360 723 263 194 224 198 38 996 10 113 28 883 97 529 80 800 16 729

469 645 335 588 276 511 59 077 18 228 40 849 134 057 105 175 28 882

515 252 366 550 298 544 68 006 19 410 48 596 148 702 117 662 31 040

2.3 2.2 1.9 3.6 1.6 4.4 2.6 2.8 1.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.73 413 327 360 723 252 734 107 989

2.69 527 824 469 645 339 960 129 685

2.64 578 774 515 252 373 005 142 247

X 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

330 58 000

515 106 300

566 120 825

2.4 3.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Idaho

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Idaho

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table ID-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 430 43 511 39 616 40 807 41 255

9.9 10.2 11.3 11.5 12.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 579 42 451 39 204 41 605 40 220 39 760 39 920 36 553 35 322 35 463

14.1 13.0 14.7 11.9 14.5 12.0 13.1 15.2 13.9 14.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

36 269 35 979 33 004 34 119 34 762 36 493 ... ... ... ...

12.4 12.5 15.1 18.5 16.0 17.3 17.7 15.6 17.7 14.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

152

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ID-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 039 83 107 189 181 182 136 162

706 45 82 154 152 159 88 26

68.0 55.0 77.2 81.4 84.0 87.0 65.0 15.8

669 38 76 146 146 153 85 24

5.3 16.9 7.3 5.0 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.8

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

512 43 50 96 91 88 66 77

383 24 41 89 84 80 49 17

74.8 55.1 82.6 92.6 91.5 90.5 73.6 22.2

361 20 38 84 80 76 47 16

5.8 16.3 8.6 5.4 3.9 4.3 4.5 6.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

527 40 57 93 89 94 70

323 22 41 65 68 79 39

61.3 54.8 72.5 69.8 76.4 83.6 56.8

307 18 39 62 66 77 38

4.7 17.5 6.0 4.3 3.3 2.8 3.8

314 310 49

244 192 35

77.6 61.9 71.1

235 187 33

3.5 2.8 6.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

981 485 497

674 366 308

68.7 75.4 62.0

640 346 294

5.0 5.5 4.4

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

79 41 38

56 34 21

70.1 83.5 55.8

51 32 19

8.0 6.4 10.5

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

75 101 177 169 175 129 156

43 80 145 142 153 86 24

57.1 79.1 82.2 84.3 87.5 66.6 15.7

36 74 139 137 148 83 23

16.1 7.0 4.3 3.5 3.5 4.1 5.0

Hispanic or Latino1 25 to 34 years ........................................

27

20

75.3

19

7.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table ID-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

703 067 690 800 682 861 675 828 661 599

669 728 654 222 645 958 642 908 630 934

33 339 36 578 36 903 32 920 30 665

4.7 5.3 5.4 4.9 4.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

652 884 647 873 629 839 613 888 598 984 584 129 549 763 527 566 506 654 494 121

620 962 614 748 598 004 581 191 567 558 552 354 516 307 493 767 476 531 467 102

31 922 33 125 31 835 32 697 31 426 31 775 33 456 33 799 30 123 27 019

4.9 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.4 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.5

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Idaho

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

IDAHO

153

Table ID-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

795 644 40 207 755 437 636 182 16 309 3 047 1 916 58 954 72 880 46 008 26 872 28 144 95 130 22 728 11 605 26 746 26 184 45 698 8 046 40 381 9 250 65 950 13 703 50 506 39 005 119 255

802 022 41 404 760 618 639 489 16 802 2 592 2 020 57 061 69 256 43 284 25 972 27 602 95 613 22 393 10 899 27 823 26 681 45 623 7 974 42 967 10 014 68 815 14 488 50 444 40 422 121 129

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

27 188 21 553 27 336 27 281 19 106 38 731 47 910 31 055 37 580 41 684 30 670 34 408 20 224 29 778 33 098 37 056 20 787 41 956 63 690 17 933 19 699 27 077 18 485 10 697 17 621 27 561

27 725 24 881 27 801 27 583 20 191 40 126 68 328 31 060 38 176 42 663 30 804 34 510 20 576 30 321 33 416 37 554 21 364 42 174 60 777 18 489 20 930 27 791 19 524 10 981 17 809 28 677

811 772 39 880 771 892 648 836 16 157 2 803 1 999 58 704 66 463 41 142 25 321 27 143 96 595 22 460 11 136 28 492 28 581 46 504 7 604 44 625 10 432 71 567 14 933 51 682 40 956 123 056

834 456 40 150 794 306 669 653 15 878 3 041 1 999 62 391 66 157 41 590 24 567 28 162 98 699 22 865 11 900 29 146 30 438 47 523 7 645 48 110 10 920 74 417 15 275 53 065 42 022 124 653

1.6 0.0 1.7 1.7 -0.9 -0.1 1.4 1.9 -3.2 -3.3 -2.9 0.0 1.2 0.2 0.8 2.9 5.1 1.3 -1.7 6.0 5.7 4.1 3.7 1.7 2.5 1.5

29 328 21 996 29 510 29 229 22 341 44 127 53 412 31 037 41 479 46 666 32 861 36 916 22 284 31 890 36 233 40 404 23 678 45 300 68 320 20 968 22 745 29 267 15 553 11 682 18 843 30 642

2.6 0.7 2.6 2.3 5.4 4.4 3.7 0.0 3.3 3.8 2.3 2.4 3.3 2.3 3.1 2.9 4.4 2.6 2.4 5.3 4.9 2.6 -5.6 3.0 2.3 3.6

Dollars 28 201 23 098 28 328 28 086 20 832 43 361 53 569 30 671 39 464 44 412 31 586 35 458 21 378 30 605 34 449 39 417 21 882 43 256 61 074 19 873 21 776 28 332 15 829 11 244 18 261 29 288

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Idaho’s unemployment rate has been below the national average since 2000, but its pattern of change has reflected national trends. Wage and salary employment was concentrated in a variety of private nonfarm industries, including retail trade, health care, manufacturing, and construction. The state’s largest overall employer was the government sector. Employment grew steadily over the 2001–2004 period. Idaho had the ninth highest rate of growth from 2001 to 2004. A loss of manufacturing jobs was more than offset by the strong employment growth in construction and in several service-providing sectors. Average wages and salaries in Idaho were below the national average across most industries, and their growth rates were also lower than average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.9%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 11.8%

42.6%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

8.9%

Construction Accommodation and food services

7.9% 6.4%

7.5%

Other

154

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ID-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

6 442 4 488 898 1 057 246 810 605 61 5 899 1 365 934 8 198 7 804 394

12 089 7 964 1 828 2 296 772 1 525 1 358 152 10 884 3 067 1 968 15 918 14 942 977

23 453 16 551 3 549 3 353 471 2 883 2 676 524 21 302 5 909 4 079 31 290 30 448 842

24 484 16 880 3 647 3 957 646 3 311 2 723 530 22 291 6 195 4 568 33 054 32 039 1 015

25 072 17 254 4 041 3 777 487 3 290 2 812 542 22 801 6 051 4 971 33 823 32 905 918

25 806 17 669 4 310 3 827 368 3 460 2 914 559 23 451 5 951 5 257 34 660 33 915 745

28 154 18 848 4 747 4 559 742 3 817 3 094 589 25 649 6 101 5 644 37 394 36 285 1 108

4.7 3.3 7.5 8.0 12.1 7.3 3.7 2.9 4.8 0.8 8.5 4.6 4.5 7.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 648

15 724

24 075

25 018

25 181

25 354

26 839

2.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Idaho

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Idaho’s economy was not significantly affected by the 2001 recession: it grew at a rate well above the national average in each of the years from 2001 to 2004. Over this period, Idaho’s real gross state product grew by 13.6 percent. This was the sixth highest rate of growth in the nation. The largest contributors to growth from 2003 to 2004 were manufacturing, real estate activities, retail trade, information services, and government. Housing prices appreciated substantially in areas of the state associated with recreational activities, but the median value of owner-occupied housing in the state ranked only 30th in the nation in 2004.

Table ID-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

28 781 0.3

30 080 0.3

32 955 0.4

35 206 0.4

36 182 0.4

37 413 0.4

38 849 0.4

41 107 0.4

4.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

24 322 1 370 143 560 2 302 2 959 10.3 1 647 2 419 999 507 1 156 3 409 7 191 25.0 1 865 790 648 146 1 888 291 802 761 4 486 15.6

25 507 1 511 147 562 2 243 3 217 10.7 1 829 2 535 997 588 1 314 3 536 7 282 24.2 1 937 757 670 146 1 921 222 843 786 4 593 15.3

28 234 1 712 152 576 2 289 4 593 13.9 1 956 2 706 1 015 663 1 310 3 783 7 551 22.9 2 037 744 766 154 1 978 259 855 758 4 726 14.3

30 379 1 854 140 646 2 273 5 807 16.5 1 936 2 836 1 033 725 1 369 3 901 7 859 22.3 2 232 733 775 161 2 082 267 879 730 4 827 13.7

31 259 1 841 111 691 2 355 5 926 16.4 2 113 3 000 995 768 1 409 4 059 7 986 22.1 2 281 639 821 166 2 197 315 855 712 4 923 13.6

32 415 2 082 101 796 2 217 6 187 16.5 2 131 3 212 1 027 772 1 502 4 137 8 260 22.1 2 342 607 910 168 2 318 356 868 691 5 002 13.4

33 839 1 919 110 792 2 205 7 090 18.3 2 098 3 507 1 059 849 1 610 4 232 8 531 22.0 2 456 576 1 014 164 2 407 320 901 693 5 028 12.9

35 874 1 707 109 816 2 323 7 839 19.1 2 203 3 762 1 096 1 024 1 689 4 631 8 979 21.8 2 550 610 1 116 165 2 519 322 950 747 5 255 12.8

4.7 -2.5 -0.6 5.7 -0.5 9.8 X 1.4 7.8 3.3 10.1 6.2 4.5 4.0 X 3.8 -1.5 10.8 -0.2 4.7 0.7 3.6 1.6 2.2 X

X = Not applicable.

IDAHO

155

Table ID-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

870

1 842

3 804

4 258

4 690

4 997

5 381

9.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

482 440 32 10 *

1 056 954 54 47 1

1 854 1 698 67 88 2

1 996 1 829 68 97 3

2 128 1 953 71 102 3

2 252 2 062 72 115 4

2 384 2 186 74 120 4

6.5 6.5 2.5 8.1 16.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

153 99 50 3

477 283 181 13

1 360 696 644 20

1 570 779 762 29

1 714 843 834 37

1 818 902 885 31

2 082 1 003 1 041 38

11.2 9.5 12.8 17.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

87 14 24 30 19

128 33 20 41 34

286 85 22 47 133

299 90 22 50 137

343 94 20 64 165

401 98 22 80 201

443 103 25 95 219

11.5 5.0 3.6 19.6 13.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

76

72

111

165

249

252

177

12.4

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

57

69

129

142

162

176

191

10.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

15

35

58

76

86

90

95

13.2

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

5

6

10

7

8

9

11.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Computers and electronic products 65.6%

Exports of goods increased substantially over the 2001–2004 period, although Idaho remained among the 15 states with the smallest values of exports. In 2004, the state’s exports totaled $2.9 billion. Computers and electronic products were the leading export. These exports increased by 45 percent from 2001 to 2004 and made up more than 65 percent of total exports in 2004. Processed food exports ranked second, accounting for 8.4 percent of the total. The United Kingdom was Idaho’s leading export market, followed closely by Canada. Exports to Taiwan, which consisted primarily of computers and electronic products, grew 160 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Processed foods 8.4%

Other 12.0% Machinery 3.9%

Paper 4.6%

Chemicals 5.6%

Table ID-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 122 1 961 143 18

1 967 1 818 132 17

2 096 1 941 138 17

2 915 2 728 163 24

100.0 93.6 5.6 0.8

11.2 11.6 4.5 9.1

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Paper products (322) ............................................................. Machinery manufactures (333) ..............................................

1 311 267 113 98 59

1 170 258 96 106 80

1 206 269 153 113 76

1 911 244 162 136 113

65.6 8.4 5.6 4.6 3.9

13.4 -3.0 12.8 11.3 24.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Singapore .............................................................................. Taiwan ................................................................................... Japan .....................................................................................

2 011 288 354 373 123 235

1 874 322 295 173 100 260

2 006 350 362 204 131 269

2 822 459 436 393 320 268

96.8 15.8 14.9 13.5 11.0 9.2

12.0 16.8 7.2 1.8 37.5 4.4

156

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table ID-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 25 590 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 12 057 001

2002

25 017 11 767 294

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

471

470

43.7 36.4 19.9

49.2 32.8 18.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

487 885 1 035 72 191

613 303 1 270 91 746

3 388 296 1 816 769 1 571 526 132 407

3 908 262 1 787 172 2 121 090 156 224

52.5 28.6 18.9

62.8 21.6 15.6

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

76 428 37.3

93 934 28.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

50.0

55.4

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $3.9 million in 2002, a 16.8 percent increase over the previous farm census in 1997. Idaho’s chief products were dairy, cattle, and potatoes. Most of the state’s farming was small-scale: nearly 85 percent of farms had sales of under $100,000. However, more than 50 percent of farms spanned 50 acres or more. Just over 55 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. ENERGY Energy prices per Btu in Idaho were among the 10 lowest in the nation. Total expenditures reached $3.1 billion, or $2,378 per capita, in 2001. The state’s per capita consumption was 379.2 million Btu in 2001, ranking Idaho 19th in the nation. However, this was down considerably from the previous year, when the per capita consumption reached 414.7 Btu. Major sources of energy in the state were petroleum, natural gas, and imports of electricity.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

200

Residential 20.9%

Transportation 24.3%

150

100

50

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Commercial 18.9%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 36.0%

Table ID-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

190 746 286.0

234 862 342.4

296 418 415.7

359 071 431.6

348 094 368.8

354 560 356.7

402 923 400.2

458 992 394.0

536 642 414.7

501 019 379.2

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.5 13.2 45.1 22.2

17.1 12.3 49.5 21.1

16.4 12.0 49.4 22.2

20.2 16.8 41.0 22.0

20.9 17.1 38.1 23.9

23.1 18.4 36.0 22.5

19.6 17.9 40.1 22.4

19.4 16.7 39.8 24.1

20.1 18.9 37.8 23.2

20.9 18.9 36.0 24.3

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

16 845 22 776 73 725 0 66 333 11 354 0 -287

15 863 36 092 86 910 0 69 417 10 361 -2 16 221

7 935 49 411 105 134 0 74 260 11 476 -3 48 206

13 416 63 776 125 462 0 106 908 11 103 0 38 406

9 610 51 646 112 703 0 98 760 14 650 0 60 724

8 870 41 115 101 933 0 113 491 17 792 190 71 171

10 086 46 786 120 059 0 94 814 23 376 900 106 902

8 946 65 686 140 907 0 113 322 25 433 532 104 165

13 732 74 519 167 182 0 111 871 27 616 1 738 139 983

11 223 81 782 155 253 0 73 488 28 728 1 522 149 022

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

348 800 489

735 100 884

1 465 800 1 553

1 686 500 1 697

1 837 100 1 825

2 219 900 1 906

3 108 300 2 402

3 142 100 2 378

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.76 2.50 2.19 0.98 2.47

3.00 3.42 2.89 1.95 4.25

6.64 7.16 6.43 4.38 8.98

8.03 10.28 9.10 5.45 9.06

7.43 10.72 9.12 4.40 9.01

7.51 11.02 9.61 4.50 8.93

8.94 11.38 9.78 4.96 12.06

9.63 13.09 11.81 5.92 11.20

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

IDAHO

157

Table ID-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

2 647 790

100.0

1 900.8

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

1 403 155 1 036 924 366 231 82 283 218 019 52 271

53.0 39.2 13.8 3.1 8.2 2.0

1 007.3 744.4 262.9 59.1 156.5 37.5

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Public utility ................................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

220 800 29 455 107 269 28 350 42 094

8.3 1.1 4.1 1.1 1.6

158.5 21.2 77.0 20.4 30.2

134.9 4.2 59.4 1.5 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

1 023 835 907 795 103 784

38.7 34.3 3.9

735.0 651.7 74.5

847.6 673.6 105.1

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 2,500

United States Idaho

2,000

1,500

Dollars

State revenues per person in 2003 were low compared to the rest of the country. Idaho’s per capita expenditures were also low, ranking 41st in the nation. Expenditures on highways and natural resources, on a per capita basis, were significantly higher than the U.S. average. In fiscal year 2004, per capita taxes were $1,900, which were below the national average and ranked 32nd in the nation. More than $651 of per capita taxes were derived from individual income taxes. General sales taxes averaged out to $744 per person. Idaho had no property taxes. The state’s debt per person of $1,904 was well below the U.S. average of $2,405.

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table ID-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

4 616 599 1 455 705 2 344 344 842 006 325 471 221 200 843 780 93 490 18 397 411 858 404 692

100.0 31.5 50.8 18.2 7.1 4.8 18.3 2.0 0.4 8.9 8.8

3 377.2 1 064.9 1 715.0 616.0 238.1 161.8 617.2 68.4 13.5 301.3 296.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

4 759 455 1 449 076 3 310 379

100.0 30.4 69.6

3 481.7 1 060.0 2 421.6

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 886 421 1 092 616 45 747 116 088 521 746 40 953 164 813 162 831 29 487 199 568 141 690 357 495

39.6 23.0 1.0 2.4 11.0 0.9 3.5 3.4 0.6 4.2 3.0 7.5

1 380.0 799.3 33.5 84.9 381.7 30.0 120.6 119.1 21.6 146.0 103.6 261.5

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 602 620

X

1 903.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

10 508 819

X

7 687.5

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

158

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ID-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 852

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.9 23.8

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

248 515 37.0 7.8 660 17.9 6 081

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

73 167 5 975 54.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Idaho 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Idaho’s high school attainment level reached 87.9 percent in 2004, which was higher than the U.S. average of 85.2 percent. However, the state’s proportion of college graduates was among the 10 lowest in the nation. This may be a reflection of the occupational mix of the state’s economy, in which many jobs did not require a higher level of education. Idaho had the eighth highest student/teacher ratio, reflecting the high population growth and a high proportion of student-age population. Not surprisingly, per student expenditures were low, ranking 49th in the country. Idaho’s dropout rate of 3.9 percent was slightly lower than the average of the 46 reporting states.

Voter participation levels were close to the national average: 53.9 percent of eligible Idaho residents voted in 2000 and 58.7 percent voted in 2004. The state ranked 34th for proportion of voters in 2004. About 65 percent of eligible non-Hispanic Whites voted in the 2004 elections. Close to 46 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years reported voting. This was a higher proportion for that age group than the national average. The state voted overwhelmingly Republican. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 67.2 percent of voters in Idaho voted Republican in 2000, and 68.4 percent voted similarly in 2004.

Table ID-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

927 447 480

892 426 465

96.1 95.3 96.9

569 265 304

61.4 59.3 63.3

500 232 268

53.9 51.9 55.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

996 487 509

948 462 487

95.3 94.9 95.6

663 317 345

66.5 65.2 67.9

585 273 311

58.7 56.1 61.2

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

942 857 5 15 89 960 872 7 17

897 848 5 12 53 916 864 7 14

95.3 99.0 B B B 95.4 99.0 B B

644 626 4 19 654 636 1 5

68.4 73.1 B B B 68.1 72.9 B B

571 558 2 14 580 567 4

60.7 65.2 B B B 60.4 65.0 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

151 359 334 74 78

143 338 320 72 76

94.7 94.1 95.7 B B

82 218 242 58 62

54.7 60.7 72.5 B B

69 190 219 53 53

45.8 53.0 65.6 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

ILLINOIS At a Glance: •

Illinois’s population was over 12.7 million in 2004, ranking the state as the fifth most populous in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 66.2 percent of the state’s population. Illinois ranked among the top 15 states for its proportions of Blacks, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. Illinois was the fifth leading destination among the states for immigrants from other countries. Median household income was above the national average, ranking 18th in the country. Illinois’s poverty rate was slightly below the U.S. average. In 2004, Illinois’s unemployment rate reached 6.2 percent, which was higher than the rates of all but five states. Illinois was among four states with lower employment in 2004 than in 2001. This was primarily caused by the loss of over 118,000 manufacturing jobs. The state’s economy was the nation’s fifth largest, as measured by real gross state product (GSP); however, GSP growth from 2001 to 2004 was the second lowest in the nation.

• • • • • •

Table IL-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

11 430 602 4.6

12 419 293 4.4

12 713 634 4.3

X X

0.6 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

5 552 233 5 878 369

6 080 336 6 338 957

6 243 216 6 470 418

49.1 50.9

0.7 0.5

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

848 141 2 098 225 2 141 412 8 484 236 1 212 950 3 693 329 1 436 545 147 549

876 549 2 368 902 9 173 842 1 210 898 3 795 544 2 667 375 1 500 025 192 031

890 545 2 347 605 9 475 484 1 260 365 3 703 357 2 991 133 1 520 629 219 387

7.0 18.5 74.5 9.9 29.1 23.5 12.0 1.7

0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.0 2.4 0.4 3.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.7

34.7

35.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Illinois 1.0

1.2 1.1

0.9 0.8 0.6

0.5

0.0

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Illinois’s population grew by 2.4 percent between 2000 and 2004, a rate equal to just half of the national rate but only slightly lower than the rates of neighboring states (with the exception of Iowa, which had a much slower rate of growth). Illinois had a net loss of over 300,000 residents to other states. This was offset by the addition of nearly 277,000 new residents from other countries. The remaining population growth was due to natural increase (the number of births minus the number of deaths). Illinois’s population was concentrated around the Chicago area, which ranks among the most highly populated areas of the United States.

159

160

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IL-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

11 430 602

12 419 293

12 713 634

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

74.8 14.6 0.2 2.5 4.2 ...

68.2 15.0 0.2 3.5 ... 0.8

66.2 14.8 0.2 3.9 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

7.9

12.3

14.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

36

American Indian, Alaska Native

27

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 18 Non-Hispanic Black 9 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Illinois’s rate of health insurance coverage was better than the national average. In 2004, 14 percent of the state’s population lacked health insurance. Illinois’s birth rate and infant mortality rate were above the U.S. averages. However, the state’s teenage birth rate was slightly below average. Table IL-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

182 495 14.4 40.4

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.8

6.9

863.9 835.7 1 163.1 ... 413.1 535.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.0 11.4 7.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Illinois

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table IL-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

106 244

863.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

40 980 24 960 4 790 4 113 3 033 2 839 2 238 1 539 2 211 1 966 1 096 1 217 1 079 956 584 1 028 526 496 144 241 117 155

332.3 206.0 39.4 33.0 24.9 22.8 17.9 12.3 18.0 16.0 8.8 9.6 8.9 7.6 4.8 8.1 4.3 4.0 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.2

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

ILLINOIS

161

Table IL-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

4 202 240 2 924 880 2 271 962 652 918 147 173 505 745 1 277 360 1 081 113 196 247

4 591 779 3 105 513 2 353 892 751 621 187 903 563 718 1 486 266 1 229 807 256 459

4 659 791 3 096 322 2 338 931 757 391 186 071 571 320 1 563 469 1 309 497 253 972

0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.3 1.3 1.6 -0.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.65 4 506 275 4 202 240 2 699 182 1 503 058

2.63 4 885 615 4 591 779 3 088 884 1 502 895

2.66 5 094 186 4 659 791 3 226 646 1 433 145

X 1.1 0.4 1.1 -1.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

445 80 100

605 130 800

698 167 711

3.6 6.4

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Illinois

150,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

60,000

750

500

50,000

Dollars

100,000

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

20,000 United States

250

Illinois 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table IL-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 132 46 367 44 863 49 269 50 527

12.2 12.6 12.8 10.1 10.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 515 49 972 48 451 47 413 46 861 44 229 42 297 41 629 43 123 45 605

9.9 10.1 11.2 12.1 12.4 12.4 13.6 15.6 13.5 13.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 046 45 299 43 068 43 593 41 642 41 095 ... ... ... ...

12.7 12.7 14.4 13.3 15.6 15.0 14.3 13.4 12.1 12.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

162

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IL-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

9 641 706 902 1 737 1 882 1 715 1 179 1 520

6 386 316 657 1 442 1 592 1 433 723 224

66.2 44.8 72.9 83.0 84.6 83.5 61.3 14.7

5 997 259 593 1 357 1 508 1 377 684 217

6.1 18.0 9.7 5.8 5.2 3.9 5.4 3.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 650 367 457 843 945 844 556 638

3 408 167 350 778 876 745 372 120

73.3 45.4 76.5 92.3 92.7 88.2 67.0 18.8

3 203 140 317 731 827 718 354 116

6.0 16.0 9.4 6.0 5.6 3.6 4.9 2.8

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 991 339 445 893 937 871 623 882

2 979 149 308 664 715 688 350 104

59.7 44.1 69.1 74.3 76.4 79.0 56.2 11.8

2 794 119 277 626 681 660 330 101

6.2 20.3 10.2 5.6 4.7 4.1 5.8 3.3

2 556 2 541 569

1 998 1 561 412

78.2 61.4 72.4

1 933 1 504 374

3.3 3.6 9.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

7 893 3 865 4 028

5 282 2 891 2 391

66.9 74.8 59.4

5 011 2 743 2 268

5.1 5.1 5.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 330 582 747

825 360 464

62.0 61.9 62.1

718 308 410

12.9 14.4 11.8

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

333 163 169

223 125 99

67.1 76.3 58.2

214 121 94

3.9 3.2 4.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 085 588 496

752 485 268

69.3 82.4 53.9

704 461 243

6.4 4.9 9.1

1 369 1 522 1 402 994

1 154 1 300 1 193 622

84.3 85.4 85.1 62.6

1 103 1 241 1 155 589

4.4 4.6 3.2 5.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table IL-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

6 395 785 6 361 478 6 378 608 6 473 035 6 471 796

6 000 140 5 934 131 5 961 248 6 121 940 6 181 302

395 645 427 347 417 360 351 095 290 494

6.2 6.7 6.5 5.4 4.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

6 429 466 6 330 665 6 290 774 6 239 028 6 178 774 6 121 285 6 073 634 6 018 149 5 923 409 5 931 619

6 143 130 6 047 050 5 988 296 5 907 278 5 857 677 5 766 671 5 625 103 5 546 722 5 493 554 5 560 548

286 336 283 615 302 478 331 750 321 097 354 614 448 531 471 427 429 855 371 071

4.5 4.5 4.8 5.3 5.2 5.8 7.4 7.8 7.3 6.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Illinois

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

ILLINOIS

163

Table IL-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

7 371 122 97 702 7 273 420 6 372 163 14 375 18 423 30 156 386 449 834 764 516 995 317 769 333 748 766 596 291 744 171 025 444 589 225 656 515 743 77 234 450 674 141 420 708 129 133 889 434 290 393 259 901 257

7 284 020 92 690 7 191 330 6 282 117 15 245 17 049 28 717 382 617 774 620 468 453 306 167 321 985 758 115 282 328 152 809 442 120 228 791 499 723 87 993 444 420 145 456 720 382 138 687 434 393 406 667 909 213

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

38 475 18 102 38 541 38 951 24 058 50 122 78 025 47 573 43 715 44 173 42 969 52 960 22 844 40 017 52 958 65 802 39 681 63 895 87 690 25 229 29 194 32 974 25 641 14 473 24 608 36 115

39 140 20 935 39 187 39 438 24 219 51 346 79 086 48 520 44 819 45 027 44 500 53 499 23 465 40 746 52 322 66 319 41 699 64 266 82 191 25 456 30 159 34 093 27 047 14 477 25 761 37 753

7 257 217 92 524 7 164 693 6 264 066 13 860 18 339 25 226 388 447 735 176 440 781 294 395 319 923 757 486 278 713 144 165 441 362 239 077 490 606 86 160 450 855 150 991 731 431 139 956 441 922 410 371 900 627

7 300 134 90 181 7 209 953 6 317 089 13 491 18 672 24 600 385 193 716 746 432 273 284 473 320 148 760 901 281 835 138 068 440 445 247 880 494 432 88 301 482 054 156 353 741 719 141 177 451 957 413 117 892 864

-0.3 -2.6 -0.3 -0.3 -2.1 0.4 -6.6 -0.1 -5.0 -5.8 -3.6 -1.4 -0.2 -1.1 -6.9 -0.3 3.2 -1.4 4.6 2.3 3.4 1.6 1.8 1.3 1.7 -0.3

41 742 29 914 41 772 41 996 25 433 53 285 82 501 50 239 48 587 49 116 47 783 57 645 24 397 42 296 56 781 74 326 44 168 68 809 95 158 26 789 33 005 36 525 27 569 15 310 27 544 40 476

2.8 18.2 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.8 3.6 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.2 1.9 2.4 4.1 3.6 2.5 2.8 2.0 4.2 3.5 2.4 1.9 3.8 3.9

Dollars 40 002 23 283 40 051 40 282 24 323 51 161 78 888 49 135 46 212 46 376 45 966 54 728 23 782 40 843 54 063 69 334 41 372 65 722 86 013 26 063 31 939 35 213 26 991 14 749 26 517 38 731

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The unemployment rate in Illinois has been higher than the national average since 2000, and it rose substantially as a result of the 2001 recession. Employment was spread across many sectors. Government was the largest employer, accounting for 12.2 percent of total jobs in the state, followed by retail trade, health care services, and manufacturing (largely durable goods manufacturing). Over the 2001–2004 period, manufacturing employment declined at a rate of about 5 percent per year. Job growth during this time period was mostly limited to the service sector, although many of these industries experienced slow employment growth, with the notable exceptions of management and health care.

Employment by Industry, 2004

12.2% Government and government enterprises 10.4%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance

44.0% 10.2%

Manufacturing Professional and technical services

9.8% 6.6%

6.8%

Administrative and waste services Other

164

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IL-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

99 797 76 481 14 534 8 782 88 8 694 8 955 262 91 104 20 148 14 585 125 838 125 503 335

184 815 138 488 27 778 18 550 1 393 17 157 19 637 -281 164 897 47 026 26 576 238 499 236 795 1 704

313 024 236 026 45 399 31 599 963 30 636 33 038 -1 343 278 642 76 913 44 818 400 373 399 055 1 319

318 172 240 335 47 402 30 435 709 29 725 33 984 -1 505 282 683 76 281 48 290 407 254 406 144 1 109

324 661 240 088 52 112 32 461 255 32 206 34 477 -1 443 288 741 73 143 52 107 413 991 413 372 619

339 273 242 647 62 552 34 074 925 33 149 35 214 -1 418 302 641 70 261 54 310 427 212 425 843 1 369

350 954 253 110 59 597 38 248 2 404 35 843 37 243 -1 355 312 356 72 690 56 439 441 485 438 595 2 891

2.9 1.8 7.0 4.9 25.7 4.0 3.0 X 2.9 -1.4 5.9 2.5 2.4 21.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 005

20 824

32 185

32 532

32 895

33 774

34 725

1.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Illinois

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Illinois’s economy grew very slowly between 2001 and 2004, and only began to show signs of more robust growth in 2004. Gross state product grew just 2.9 percent from 2001 to 2004, as compared to the U.S. growth rate of 9.1 percent. The sectors with the highest rates of growth between 2003 and 2004 were information, administrative and waste services, and management. Housing price appreciation was below the national average over the 2000–2004 period, despite some significant price increases in the suburban areas of Chicago. Illinois ranked 19th in the nation for median value of owneroccupied housing in 2004.

Table IL-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

425 023 4.9

439 794 4.9

452 784 4.8

464 257 4.8

465 299 4.7

465 826 4.7

470 101 4.6

478 966 4.5

1.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

383 409 2 887 931 9 428 19 805 64 992 15.3 28 716 23 659 15 245 15 737 39 613 52 004 110 442 26.0 32 061 10 605 13 902 3 826 25 116 3 927 9 850 11 155 41 659 9.8

397 519 2 343 1 047 9 389 20 076 66 250 15.1 31 462 24 392 15 755 16 784 41 481 53 242 115 346 26.2 35 305 10 435 14 754 3 908 25 315 3 733 10 351 11 545 42 288 9.6

409 735 1 545 1 171 9 809 20 643 66 383 14.7 33 073 25 643 16 486 18 719 42 836 55 767 117 806 26.0 36 808 10 751 14 967 3 977 25 998 3 862 10 194 11 249 43 051 9.5

420 225 2 090 1 052 10 430 20 952 68 984 14.9 33 252 27 356 17 172 17 822 45 243 57 579 118 291 25.5 38 550 9 571 13 951 4 020 26 810 3 859 10 423 11 107 44 032 9.5

420 880 2 038 1 048 9 675 20 976 64 978 14.0 35 030 29 239 17 041 18 792 45 145 59 363 117 693 25.3 38 493 9 645 13 182 3 994 27 484 4 019 10 133 10 743 44 417 9.5

421 246 2 592 1 009 10 162 20 598 65 322 14.0 35 135 30 296 17 177 19 609 43 708 57 991 117 870 25.3 37 971 9 748 13 257 3 962 28 070 4 232 9 950 10 680 44 575 9.6

426 283 2 810 982 10 377 20 298 66 223 14.1 33 980 31 442 17 671 20 498 46 760 55 934 119 762 25.5 38 107 10 237 13 813 4 012 28 596 4 189 10 140 10 668 43 868 9.3

440 605 3 001 903 10 715 19 680 68 093 14.2 34 840 32 783 18 301 22 176 49 393 57 591 123 960 25.9 39 039 10 929 14 786 3 981 29 058 4 149 10 685 11 333 38 770 8.1

1.5 13.8 -4.8 3.5 -2.1 1.6 X -0.2 3.9 2.4 5.7 3.0 -1.0 1.7 X 0.5 4.3 3.9 -0.1 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.8 -4.4 X

X = Not applicable.

ILLINOIS

165

Table IL-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

13 711

24 898

41 726

44 905

49 041

51 500

53 598

6.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

6 422 5 956 332 29 105

12 364 11 766 473 36 90

18 188 17 538 527 56 66

19 089 18 406 535 61 87

19 994 19 202 553 74 166

20 585 19 759 561 74 192

21 500 20 648 571 76 205

4.3 4.2 2.0 7.8 32.8

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

3 504 2 078 1 413 13

7 741 5 032 2 647 62

16 887 9 206 7 624 57

18 234 10 154 7 998 83

19 931 10 813 9 008 110

21 339 11 397 9 850 93

22 842 12 481 10 250 111

7.8 7.9 7.7 18.3

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 699 233 722 414 330

2 974 652 866 865 592

4 363 1 204 656 783 1 720

4 463 1 238 626 832 1 768

4 786 1 276 630 941 1 939

5 197 1 297 650 1 088 2 163

5 621 1 356 648 1 265 2 352

6.5 3.0 -0.3 12.7 8.1

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

1 441

957

1 212

1 915

3 038

3 023

2 165

15.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

450

506

599

625

685

738

791

7.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

193

330

428

506

567

583

623

9.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

26

51

73

39

34

55

2.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Although Illinois was one of the country’s leading exporters (ranking seventh in 2004), the value of its exports declined significantly between 2001 and 2003. Despite a large increase in 2004, they remained below the 2001 value. Transportation equipment suffered the largest loss from 2001 to 2004, with a decline of nearly 48 percent, or $2.9 billion. Among the leading exports, chemicals and machinery manufactures had the highest rates of growth during the 2001–2004 period. Canada was the chief foreign market for the state’s exports; however, exports to this country were down nearly 19 percent between 2001 and 2004. Among the top markets, exports to the Netherlands increased the most significantly (48.7 percent).

Chemicals 15.3%

Computers and electronic products 13.9%

Machinery 28.2%

Transportation equipment 10.4%

Other 26.2%

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 5.9%

Table IL-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

30 434 29 434 340 660

25 686 24 696 435 555

26 473 25 336 507 629

30 214 28 943 662 609

100.0 95.8 2.2 2.0

-0.2 -0.6 24.9 -2.7

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) .................

7 109 3 763 4 367 6 037 1 885

6 528 3 518 3 940 3 254 1 625

6 893 3 891 3 664 2 950 1 711

8 528 4 617 4 210 3 146 1 792

28.2 15.3 13.9 10.4 5.9

6.3 7.1 -1.2 -19.5 -1.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

27 582 11 436 2 260 1 674 2 089 1 368

23 365 8 175 2 103 1 605 2 090 1 176

23 806 8 559 2 153 1 544 1 964 1 210

27 105 9 282 2 417 1 859 1 856 1 420

89.7 30.7 8.0 6.2 6.1 4.7

-0.6 -6.7 2.3 3.5 -3.9 1.2

166

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table IL-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 79 112 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 27 673 285

2002

73 027 27 310 833

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

350

374

25.7 51.0 23.3

26.9 49.1 24.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

736 255 2 136 86 662

913 251 2 425 102 242

8 634 730 6 602 817 2 031 913 109 146

7 676 239 5 871 542 1 804 697 105 115

36.1 34.5 29.4

41.4 31.9 26.7

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

372 268 69.0

412 636 65.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

54.4

64.1

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

With cash receipts of close to $7.7 billion in 2002, Illinois ranked among the top 10 states for farming, although there was a decline in value in this sector from the previous farm census in 1997. The state’s chief crops were corn and soybeans. More than three-quarters of the state’s agricultural sales were crops. Large scale farming was evident: over 30 percent of farms had sales of $100,000 or more, and 64 percent of all farm operators classified farming as their principal occupation. In 2002, 24 percent of farms had 500 acres or more, which was among the highest proportions in the nation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were relatively low, ranking only 36th in the country. Per capita consumption ranked 35th. The state’s price per million Btu was $11.01, which was among the 20 highest prices in the nation. The chief source of energy was petroleum. The largest energy consumer was the industry sector. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,500 Residential 24.0%

1,000

Transportation 24.3%

500

0

-500 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 21.4% Industrial 30.3%

Table IL-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

2 527 029 250.7

3 035 628 283.9

3 708 788 333.8

3 877 709 343.4

3 834 667 335.6

3 450 688 302.7

3 574 916 312.7

3 872 501 325.8

4 006 102 322.6

3 870 148 309.2

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

23.2 12.6 44.3 20.0

22.9 14.0 43.4 19.7

23.3 15.1 40.2 21.3

24.0 16.1 37.2 22.8

24.0 16.7 37.8 21.4

25.5 18.2 35.3 21.0

24.5 18.7 35.0 21.7

25.3 18.9 35.1 20.7

24.0 20.5 31.4 24.2

24.0 21.4 30.3 24.3

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

914 648 536 127 1 105 006 2 958 1 986 31 033 0 -64 729

1 014 492 778 662 1 225 970 11 393 1 827 33 209 0 -29 925

920 303 1 203 225 1 498 912 27 600 1 747 39 317 0 17 684

845 574 1 123 588 1 636 987 245 760 1 274 41 624 0 -17 097

844 481 1 113 694 1 478 060 302 604 1 438 87 370 0 7 018

811 110 1 000 521 1 115 762 415 387 1 422 93 451 0 13 035

748 167 960 187 1 154 464 760 711 1 497 68 164 323 -118 597

826 687 1 099 670 1 217 034 824 598 1 278 53 775 437 -150 977

1 016 571 1 053 319 1 332 800 932 749 1 467 41 123 655 -372 582

993 588 970 672 1 304 066 964 961 1 465 38 700 736 -404 041

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

4 939 900 445

9 300 400 824

18 614 900 1 629

21 009 300 1 843

21 561 600 1 886

23 200 200 1 952

29 189 500 2 350

29 386 500 2 348

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.70 1.89 1.94 0.97 2.47

3.16 3.06 3.61 2.26 4.07

6.71 6.01 7.35 4.99 9.00

8.45 8.97 10.20 6.75 9.01

8.62 9.56 11.10 6.23 9.19

8.59 9.71 11.69 6.02 8.96

10.43 11.30 12.92 7.28 11.42

11.01 12.91 13.87 7.65 11.23

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

167

ILLINOIS

Table IL-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

25 490 593

100.0

2 004.9

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

57 084

0.2

4.5

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

12 526 542 6 922 587 5 603 955 147 883 785 922 378 517 1 421 927 1 704 655 760 226 392 783

49.1 27.2 22.0 0.6 3.1 1.5 5.6 6.7 3.0 1.5

985.3 544.5 440.8 11.6 61.8 29.8 111.8 134.1 59.8 30.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

2 385 596 169 449 1 370 405 718 979

9.4 0.7 5.4 2.8

187.6 13.3 107.8 56.6

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

10 521 371 8 139 558 2 068 574 221 733

41.3 31.9 8.1 0.9

827.5 640.2 162.7 17.4

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Illinois

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, state revenues per person were well below the national average, as were expenditures per person. By both measures, Illinois ranked among the lowest 10 states in the country. The state’s debt per capita was $3,691, which was well above the U.S. average and ranked 11th in the nation. Illinois’s per capita taxes collected in fiscal year 2004 amounted to $2,005, which was the 24th highest in nation. The largest share was derived from individual income taxes, which were $640 per person. The state’s per capita general sales and gross receipts and selective sales taxes amounted to $545 and $441, respectively.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table IL-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

40 815 713 12 027 338 22 211 693 6 558 746 4 826 429 1 845 165 7 340 982 1 293 188 347 183 2 884 353 3 692 329

100.0 29.5 54.4 16.1 11.8 4.5 18.0 3.2 0.9 7.1 9.0

3 226.8 950.8 1 756.0 518.5 381.6 145.9 580.4 102.2 27.4 228.0 291.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

43 954 103 13 369 662 30 584 441

100.0 30.4 69.6

3 474.9 1 057.0 2 417.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

14 118 807 11 478 589 958 446 2 569 793 3 834 256 407 932 1 369 510 422 712 554 371 1 387 596 2 071 586 4 780 505

32.1 26.1 2.2 5.8 8.7 0.9 3.1 1.0 1.3 3.2 4.7 10.9

1 116.2 907.5 75.8 203.2 303.1 32.2 108.3 33.4 43.8 109.7 163.8 377.9

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

46 688 761

X

3 691.1

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

87 544 459

X

6 921.1

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

168

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IL-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 8 090

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.8 27.4

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

2 084 187 38.8 ... 4 271 16.5 8 287

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

6.4

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

788 613 59 569 57.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Illinois

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Illinois ranked 29th in the country for its proportion of population age 25 years and over that had completed high school. The proportion with college degrees was 27.4 percent, just below the national average. Illinois’s student/teacher ratio was slightly above the U.S. average ratio of 15.9. The state’s per student expenditures of $8,287 surpassed the national average. Of the 46 states reporting dropout rates, Illinois is 1 of 9 states with a dropout rate of 6 percent or more. The state had a slightly below average proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch.

Illinois turned out 56.8 percent of eligible voters in 2000 and 61 percent in 2004, rates only slightly higher than the national averages for those years. Illinois ranked 28th in the nation for voter turnout in the 2004 election. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest voter participation rates in Illinois. For persons age 45 to 74 years, the voter turnout exceeded 70 percent. Less than 37 percent of persons age 18 to 24 years in Illinois reported voting in the 2004 election. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 54.6 percent voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000 and 54.8 percent voted Democrat in 2004.

Table IL-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

8 859 4 207 4 652

8 118 3 812 4 306

91.6 90.6 92.6

5 911 2 726 3 185

66.7 64.8 68.5

5 030 2 310 2 720

56.8 54.9 58.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

9 303 4 469 4 835

8 640 4 143 4 497

92.9 92.7 93.0

6 437 3 049 3 388

69.2 68.2 70.1

5 672 2 640 3 032

61.0 59.1 62.7

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

7 648 6 676 1 277 277 1 031 7 685 6 714 1 289 283

7 112 6 524 1 268 201 608 7 147 6 558 1 280 204

93.0 97.7 99.3 72.5 59.0 93.0 97.7 99.3 72.1

5 376 5 037 919 99 343 5 404 5 064 926 102

70.3 75.4 72.0 35.6 33.2 70.3 75.4 71.8 36.0

4 708 4 418 855 75 294 4 733 4 443 860 78

61.6 66.2 66.9 27.1 28.5 61.6 66.2 66.7 27.6

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 140 3 723 2 934 718 788

1 024 3 352 2 793 699 772

89.9 90.0 95.2 97.3 98.0

565 2 490 2 219 571 592

49.6 66.9 75.6 79.5 75.2

421 2 194 2 056 510 491

36.9 58.9 70.1 71.0 62.3

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

INDIANA At a Glance: •

Indiana’s population was just over 6.2 million in 2004, ranking the state as the 14th most populous in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites made up nearly 85 percent of the population, which was the 15th highest proportion of this racial group in the country. Blacks made up over 9 percent of the population and Hispanics (of any race) represented just over 4 percent of residents, both well below U.S. averages. Median household income was below the national average—Indiana was 30th in the state rankings. The state’s poverty rate of 11.6 percent was below the national average. The unemployment rate in 2004 was 5.2 percent of residents, ranking 25th in the country. Real gross state product was the 15th largest in the country and had an above average rate of growth from 2001 to 2004. Indiana had among the 5 lowest proportions of residents age 25 years and over with college degrees. Indiana had above average per capita energy consumption and expenditures.

•

• • • • •

Table IN-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

5 544 159 2.2

6 080 485 2.2

6 237 569 2.1

X X

0.6 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 688 281 2 855 878

2 982 474 3 098 011

3 068 975 3 168 594

49.2 50.8

0.7 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

398 656 1 057 308 1 052 847 4 088 195 604 882 1 734 270 696 196 71 751

423 215 1 151 181 4 506 089 614 721 1 791 828 1 346 709 752 831 91 558

430 557 1 169 738 4 637 274 632 427 1 733 724 1 499 113 772 010 104 873

6.9 18.8 74.3 10.1 27.8 24.0 12.4 1.7

0.4 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.0 2.6 0.8 2.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.7

35.2

35.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.2

Indiana 1.0

0.9

0.9

1.1

0.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

From 2000 to 2004, Indiana’s population grew by 2.6 percent, which was well below the U.S. rate of 4.3 percent. Most of its neighboring states also had below average rates of population change. Indiana lost over 18,000 residents to other states during the 2000–2004 period. However, this was more than offset by the migration of over 47,000 people from other countries into the state. In 2004, 25.7 percent of the state’s population was under 18 years old. This was the 12th highest proportion in the nation. Indiana’s largest population center was Indianapolis, which has experienced steady growth since 2000.

169

170

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IN-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

5 544 159

6 080 485

6 237 569

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

89.6 7.7 0.2 0.7 0.7 ...

86.0 8.4 0.2 1.0 ... 0.9

84.6 8.6 0.2 1.2 ... 1.0

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.8

3.5

4.3

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

16

American Indian, Alaska Native

12

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 8 Non-Hispanic Black 4 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 14.3 percent of Indiana’s population lacked health insurance, compared with 15 percent nationally. The state’s infant mortality rate was relatively high, as was the age-adjusted death rate (both rates ranked 16th highest in the country). Indiana’s birth rate almost exactly matched the U.S. average rate. Table IN-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

86 434 14.0 43.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.7

6.9

910.8 899.9 1 152.1 ... 305.7 591.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.2 8.9 5.9

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Indiana

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table IN-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

55 354

910.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

21 096 12 846 3 109 2 157 1 679 1 271 1 305 917 1 152 810 714 706 488 327 323 396 261 118 82 94 73 89

347.0 211.9 51.4 35.2 27.7 20.9 21.4 14.9 19.0 13.4 11.7 11.5 8.0 5.4 5.3 6.4 4.3 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.5

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

INDIANA

171

Table IN-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 065 355 1 480 351 1 202 020 278 331 60 703 217 628 585 004 496 841 88 163

2 336 306 1 602 501 1 251 458 351 043 91 671 259 372 733 805 605 428 128 377

2 412 885 1 621 912 1 259 245 362 667 91 242 271 425 790 973 666 240 124 733

0.8 0.3 0.2 0.8 -0.1 1.1 1.9 2.4 -0.7

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.61 2 246 046 2 065 355 1 450 898 614 457

2.53 2 532 319 2 336 306 1 669 162 667 144

2.51 2 690 619 2 412 885 1 733 447 679 438

X 1.5 0.8 0.9 0.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

374 53 500

521 94 300

589 110 020

3.1 3.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Indiana

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Indiana

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table IN-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 327 43 565 43 116 43 089 44 824

11.6 9.9 9.1 8.5 8.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 290 45 982 45 641 42 130 41 093 35 123 37 944 37 643 36 638 37 738

6.7 9.4 8.8 7.5 9.6 13.7 12.2 11.8 15.7 13.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 099 40 341 35 809 37 373 37 966 39 396 ... ... ... ...

13.7 10.1 11.1 12.7 12.0 12.9 16.1 12.6 12.6 11.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

172

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IN-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 725 345 385 807 970 878 604 736

3 160 162 296 665 830 725 369 113

66.9 46.8 76.7 82.4 85.6 82.6 61.1 15.4

2 993 138 267 630 796 698 353 111

5.3 14.4 9.8 5.2 4.1 3.7 4.4 1.9

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 290 181 184 409 481 432 280 323

1 674 85 145 378 446 368 187 66

73.1 46.8 78.5 92.4 92.7 85.2 66.8 20.5

1 588 74 130 358 428 355 178 65

5.2 13.2 9.9 5.3 4.0 3.5 5.0 1.6

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 435 164 201 398 489 446 323 413

1 486 77 151 287 385 357 182 47

61.0 46.8 75.1 72.1 78.6 80.2 56.3 11.4

1 406 65 136 272 368 343 175 46

5.4 15.7 9.8 5.1 4.2 4.0 3.7 2.4

1 339 1 319 268

1 041 831 186

77.7 63.0 69.4

1 014 802 171

2.6 3.5 7.7

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 250 2 066 2 184

2 855 1 526 1 328

67.2 73.9 60.8

2 717 1 453 1 263

4.8 4.8 4.9

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

361 163 198

233 105 128

64.4 64.4 64.4

209 95 115

10.0 10.0 10.1

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

167 87 80

126 76 50

75.6 87.7 62.4

114 71 44

9.2 7.2 12.3

309 335 706 868 786 555 691

150 260 591 746 657 346 105

48.5 77.6 83.7 85.9 83.6 62.3 15.3

131 238 563 717 633 330 104

12.7 8.4 4.6 3.8 3.6 4.5 1.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table IN-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 170 404 3 169 207 3 152 158 3 151 395 3 142 881

3 005 247 3 000 784 2 989 544 3 020 287 3 051 413

165 157 168 423 162 614 131 108 91 468

5.2 5.3 5.2 4.2 2.9

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

3 136 581 3 124 509 3 117 935 3 102 990 3 112 286 3 049 880 2 948 331 2 877 772 2 816 248 2 830 551

3 046 922 3 033 444 3 014 499 2 982 750 2 977 440 2 911 781 2 800 739 2 703 403 2 657 957 2 688 858

89 659 91 065 103 436 120 240 134 846 138 099 147 592 174 369 158 291 141 693

2.9 2.9 3.3 3.9 4.3 4.5 5.0 6.1 5.6 5.0

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Indiana

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

INDIANA

173

Table IN-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 611 302 77 322 3 533 980 3 103 167 8 373 9 518 15 373 213 719 627 897 465 038 162 859 132 877 429 915 138 859 51 676 138 268 98 379 142 377 27 527 168 862 58 615 338 122 67 327 235 016 200 467 430 813

3 584 868 73 466 3 511 402 3 077 354 8 368 9 172 15 069 209 395 600 983 441 950 159 033 129 583 423 353 133 028 48 127 137 265 98 944 142 545 27 922 177 957 61 710 343 088 68 372 235 777 206 696 434 048

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

31 129 18 106 31 191 31 481 15 927 45 874 58 328 36 701 42 033 42 086 41 881 41 447 19 705 33 134 38 043 44 386 25 418 42 066 65 325 21 142 21 493 31 195 25 091 11 634 20 941 29 434

31 960 20 943 32 002 32 277 18 031 46 664 59 043 37 563 43 894 44 240 42 927 42 530 20 394 34 818 38 922 44 252 26 672 42 756 61 706 21 373 22 126 32 271 26 008 11 864 21 811 30 372

3 594 283 71 684 3 522 599 3 081 971 7 821 9 563 14 756 212 487 585 038 428 011 157 027 127 153 419 599 131 369 47 059 138 542 103 584 144 336 27 633 181 738 64 138 350 765 69 366 238 260 208 764 440 628

3 641 313 70 454 3 570 859 3 128 640 7 866 9 779 14 856 216 944 584 342 427 472 156 870 128 795 420 256 133 975 47 127 137 227 108 575 148 293 27 780 195 510 66 305 356 420 69 958 242 605 212 027 442 219

0.3 -3.1 0.3 0.3 -2.1 0.9 -1.1 0.5 -2.4 -2.8 -1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -1.2 -3.0 -0.3 3.3 1.4 0.3 5.0 4.2 1.8 1.3 1.1 1.9 0.9

34 098 30 418 34 111 34 415 19 980 49 739 62 834 39 331 47 588 48 190 45 941 46 079 21 451 36 508 43 220 48 479 28 873 45 028 66 792 22 729 23 506 34 455 27 508 12 306 23 321 32 331

3.1 18.9 3.0 3.0 7.9 2.7 2.5 2.3 4.2 4.6 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.3 4.3 3.0 4.3 2.3 0.7 2.4 3.0 3.4 3.1 1.9 3.7 3.2

Dollars 32 770 22 489 32 811 33 099 18 462 47 977 60 496 38 486 45 403 46 082 43 546 44 078 20 931 35 472 40 462 45 614 27 765 43 661 61 541 21 907 22 670 33 055 26 571 11 967 22 526 31 136

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The unemployment rate, which dropped to a low of 2.9 percent in the late 1990s, rose to 5.2 percent in 2004 but remained somewhat below the national average. From 2001 to 2004, total wage and salary employment growth was sluggish. In 2004, employment was concentrated in the manufacturing industries (particularly durable goods manufacturing), followed by government, retail trade, and health care services. Between 2001 and 2004, manufacturing employment declined significantly, with a loss of over 43,000 jobs. Administrative and waste services, educational services, and professional and technical services had the highest rates of growth, helping to give Indiana an overall increase in jobs from 2001 to 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.0%

Manufacturing Government and government enterprises

37.9% 12.1%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance Accommodation and food services

11.5% 6.0% 6.7%

9.8%

Construction Other

174

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IN-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

40 505 31 256 5 906 3 343 187 3 157 3 725 667 37 447 7 937 6 085 51 469 51 116 353

73 278 55 721 11 314 6 243 611 5 632 8 221 1 513 66 570 18 516 12 127 97 213 96 387 826

125 272 94 821 19 629 10 822 292 10 530 13 888 3 374 114 757 28 997 21 531 165 285 164 745 540

126 310 95 058 20 232 11 020 179 10 842 14 113 3 472 115 669 28 530 23 682 167 881 167 425 457

130 639 96 457 23 199 10 983 -139 11 121 14 519 3 385 119 505 27 685 25 202 172 392 172 278 114

137 419 98 679 26 575 12 165 334 11 831 15 024 3 415 125 810 26 892 26 113 178 815 178 198 617

144 238 103 540 26 906 13 792 944 12 848 15 815 3 514 131 936 27 864 27 765 187 565 186 275 1 290

3.6 2.2 8.2 6.3 34.1 5.1 3.3 1.0 3.5 -1.0 6.6 3.2 3.1 24.3

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 374

17 491

27 132

27 397

27 993

28 843

30 070

2.6

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Indiana

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) declined significantly as a result of the 2001 recession, but growth subsequently recovered at rates slightly above the national average. Manufacturing growth—both durable and nondurable— was particularly strong during recovery. Real estate services, government, and retail trade were also major contributors to Indiana’s GSP. Agriculture had the highest rate of growth, but still represented only a small proportion of the state’s economy. Housing price appreciation was well below the national average. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing ranked 38th in the country. The real estate industry did not contribute significantly to the state’s economic activity.

Table IN-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

176 853 2.1

184 979 2.1

189 519 2.0

194 683 2.0

190 876 1.9

194 993 1.9

201 263 2.0

208 834 1.9

3.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

158 952 1 688 554 4 072 9 491 48 812 27.6 9 045 11 422 6 139 3 839 10 270 17 350 36 314 20.5 5 962 2 978 4 208 1 169 11 673 1 823 3 931 4 570 17 925 10.1

166 685 1 336 639 3 888 9 741 52 714 28.5 9 918 11 842 6 343 4 038 10 755 17 675 37 858 20.5 6 534 2 911 4 485 1 201 11 774 2 211 4 103 4 639 18 302 9.9

171 013 884 702 4 079 9 417 54 353 28.7 10 372 12 371 6 536 4 243 10 765 18 703 38 666 20.4 6 903 2 704 4 743 1 218 11 842 2 406 4 245 4 605 18 506 9.8

175 724 1 216 630 4 406 8 986 57 875 29.7 10 335 12 561 6 679 4 244 11 149 19 146 38 495 19.8 6 798 2 475 4 498 1 190 12 299 2 447 4 245 4 543 18 958 9.7

172 137 1 283 627 4 181 8 698 52 462 27.5 10 915 13 372 6 461 4 434 11 275 19 818 38 628 20.2 6 981 2 350 4 345 1 238 12 679 2 543 4 170 4 322 18 739 9.8

176 583 1 323 704 4 150 8 499 56 018 28.7 11 205 13 985 6 559 4 557 10 811 19 557 39 367 20.2 7 107 2 269 4 721 1 242 13 056 2 559 4 144 4 269 18 428 9.5

182 703 1 791 720 4 466 8 478 58 358 29.0 10 978 14 969 6 762 4 938 12 026 19 132 40 344 20.0 7 391 2 273 4 957 1 211 13 395 2 608 4 218 4 291 18 599 9.2

189 865 1 728 679 4 733 8 499 61 182 29.3 11 304 15 485 6 944 5 629 12 432 19 834 41 834 20.0 7 629 2 341 5 365 1 201 13 732 2 612 4 376 4 578 19 019 9.1

3.3 10.4 2.7 4.2 -0.8 5.3 X 1.2 5.0 2.4 8.3 3.3 0.0 2.7 X 3.0 -0.1 7.3 -1.0 2.7 0.9 1.6 1.9 0.5 X

X = Not applicable.

INDIANA

175

Table IN-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

5 681

11 338

20 081

22 082

23 722

24 684

26 316

7.0

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

3 140 2 950 130 14 46

6 206 5 931 197 20 58

9 703 9 384 236 26 56

10 233 9 905 242 28 58

10 740 10 389 254 29 68

11 199 10 778 258 28 135

11 723 11 287 263 29 145

4.8 4.7 2.7 2.6 26.7

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 121 730 380 11

3 747 2 120 1 596 31

7 789 4 101 3 658 30

8 805 4 536 4 226 43

9 416 4 849 4 503 64

9 555 5 131 4 369 56

10 637 5 636 4 936 66

8.1 8.3 7.8 21.5

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

465 60 139 169 98

779 177 173 240 189

1 658 386 298 276 698

1 738 403 275 336 724

1 942 427 251 419 845

2 148 444 225 500 978

2 337 465 243 572 1 058

9.0 4.7 -5.0 20.0 10.9

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

602

145

300

596

874

961

746

25.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

266

300

382

404

443

476

505

7.3

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

87

156

236

279

296

334

355

10.7

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

5

13

27

12

12

13

0.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Exports of goods rose substantially between 2001 and 2004. Indiana was the 13th largest exporter among the states in 2004. Transportation equipment was the state’s largest export, followed by chemicals and machinery manufactures. Indiana exported over $8.5 billion of goods to Canada, about half of which were transportation equipment. Canada was the destination for over 44 percent of Indiana’s exports. Exports from Indiana to all the top markets have shown significant growth since 2001, except for Japan, where exports remained flat. Among the state’s leading exports, chemical manufactures have shown the most growth, increasing nearly 61 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Chemicals 19.3% Transportation equipment 32.5% Machinery 15.1% Computers and electronic products 8.6%

Other 19.8%

Miscellaneous manufactued commodities 4.8%

Table IN-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

14 365 14 051 94 220

14 923 14 603 72 248

16 402 16 120 75 207

19 109 18 783 91 235

100.0 98.3 0.5 1.2

10.0 10.2 -1.0 2.3

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

4 511 2 287 2 223 1 449 586

4 786 2 441 2 351 1 530 594

5 273 3 005 2 441 1 589 679

6 207 3 679 2 884 1 641 908

32.5 19.3 15.1 8.6 4.8

11.2 17.2 9.1 4.2 15.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... France .................................................................................... Japan .....................................................................................

13 473 6 201 1 770 941 669 701

14 209 6 819 1 943 1 007 638 714

15 613 7 459 2 105 1 209 922 630

18 100 8 535 2 543 1 282 1 178 720

94.7 44.7 13.3 6.7 6.2 3.8

10.3 11.2 12.8 10.9 20.8 0.9

176

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table IN-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 66 707 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 15 525 154

2002

60 296 15 058 670

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

233

250

35.5 51.5 13.0

39.9 46.4 13.8

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

486 171 2 097 58 614

637 645 2 567 80 240

5 323 116 3 297 312 2 025 804 79 798

4 783 158 2 992 747 1 790 411 79 328

48.8 32.7 18.4

54.0 28.8 17.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

194 246 56.9

224 701 44.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

43.1

55.7

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled close to $4.8 billion in 2004, a decline of 10 percent from the 1997 farm census. Indiana’s leading products were corn and soybeans. In 2002, 54 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000, and 55.7 percent of farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. Nearly 40 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. The average value of land and buildings per farm was over $637,000, which was about $100,000 more than the U.S. average. ENERGY Energy prices in Indiana were among the lowest in the nation. However, the state’s energy expenditures per person of $2,786 were the eighth highest in the nation. Per capita consumption ranked seventh. Both of these measures reflected Indiana’s industrial sector, which accounted for over 46 percent of the state’s energy use. The largest source of energy was coal.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 2,000

Residential 18.0%

Transportation 21.6%

Trillion of Btu

1,500 1,000 500

Commercial 14.2%

0 -500 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 46.3%

Table IN-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

1 531 524 328.5

1 804 319 366.6

2 226 578 428.6

2 387 166 444.9

2 410 390 439.0

2 312 101 423.5

2 512 931 453.3

2 645 462 456.8

2 914 190 479.3

2 801 669 457.3

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

18.4 7.0 57.2 17.3

17.6 7.4 58.3 16.6

18.8 8.5 55.7 17.0

18.8 9.3 53.9 18.0

18.9 9.3 53.4 18.3

18.3 10.4 49.0 22.3

17.4 11.2 48.4 22.9

18.7 11.9 45.8 23.5

17.8 12.1 47.5 22.6

18.0 14.2 46.3 21.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

794 942 219 758 601 732 0 1 079 23 477 0 -109 465

900 562 357 502 653 293 0 979 22 081 0 -130 098

1 006 824 548 640 737 744 0 5 199 23 295 0 -95 125

1 061 168 472 567 822 995 0 4 623 26 719 0 -906

1 156 965 483 872 751 293 0 4 928 49 485 0 -36 153

1 193 273 436 421 728 988 0 4 451 53 822 0 -104 854

1 361 823 459 073 831 576 0 4 588 46 156 515 -190 799

1 344 404 541 632 841 372 0 4 818 37 983 752 -125 500

1 595 052 584 850 895 969 0 6 001 31 487 1 064 -200 233

1 567 104 513 745 837 314 0 5 806 31 175 1 158 -154 633

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

2 564 300 494

5 201 000 969

10 075 100 1 835

11 796 300 2 161

12 144 500 2 190

12 766 700 2 204

16 858 100 2 772

17 066 200 2 786

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.44 2.00 1.81 0.76 2.66

2.83 3.19 3.02 2.03 4.35

5.65 6.38 6.15 3.69 9.25

6.91 9.76 8.65 4.86 8.27

6.69 10.03 9.46 4.31 8.04

6.85 10.20 9.35 4.56 7.63

8.20 11.42 10.27 5.10 10.58

8.78 13.57 11.48 5.80 10.10

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

177

INDIANA

Table IN-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

11 957 470

100.0

1 916.9

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

8 923

0.1

1.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

6 906 954 4 759 445 2 147 509 765 707 178 303 802 168 338 716

57.8 39.8 18.0 6.4 1.5 6.7 2.8

1 107.2 763.0 344.3 122.8 28.6 128.6 54.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ...............................................................

448 387 158 542 211 999

3.7 1.3 1.8

71.9 25.4 34.0

134.9 59.4 6.4

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

4 593 206 3 807 861 644 787 139 995

38.4 31.8 5.4 1.2

736.3 610.4 103.4 22.4

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Indiana

2,000

Dollars

State revenues per capita were below the national average in 2003, as were expenditures per person. Indiana ranked among the bottom 10 states for both measures. In fiscal year 2004, per capita taxes amounted to $1,917. General sales receipts were the largest source of revenues, followed by individual income taxes. The state’s per capita income tax of $610 ranked 32nd out of the 43 states with such a tax. Indiana’s debt per capita was relatively low and ranked 32nd in the country. The state’s property taxes were among the lowest in the nation.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table IN-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

21 674 754 6 346 679 11 216 456 4 210 262 2 014 361 415 373 3 644 159 729 164 203 137 2 512 554 1 599 065

100.0 29.3 51.7 19.4 9.3 1.9 16.8 3.4 0.9 11.6 7.4

3 495.9 1 023.7 1 809.1 679.1 324.9 67.0 587.8 117.6 32.8 405.2 257.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

21 295 408 6 760 945 14 534 463

100.0 31.7 68.3

3 434.7 1 090.5 2 344.3

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

8 639 690 5 377 805 282 438 545 088 1 712 840 196 066 654 475 277 385 50 581 521 250 447 431 2 590 359

40.6 25.3 1.3 2.6 8.0 0.9 3.1 1.3 0.2 2.4 2.1 12.2

1 393.5 867.4 45.6 87.9 276.3 31.6 105.6 44.7 8.2 84.1 72.2 417.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

11 853 847

X

1 911.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

33 490 856

X

5 401.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

178

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IN-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 4 010

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.2 21.1

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 003 875 34.9 4.2 1 909 16.9 8 057

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.3

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

344 438 35 284 54.4

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Indiana 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In Indiana, more than 87 percent of the population age 25 years and over held a high school diploma in 2004. This was above the national average. The state’s college attainment level was the third lowest in the nation, with just 21.1 percent of the population holding a bachelor’s degree or more. Per student expenditures were only slightly above the U.S. average. Indiana’s student/teacher ratio was also slightly above the national average. The state’s dropout rate was 2.3 percent, which was the third lowest among the 46 reporting states. Less than 35 percent of students are eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was well below the national average.

Voter turnout was higher than the national average in the 2000 election, but was much lower in 2004. Hispanics had the lowest voter turnout, with less than 23 percent of eligible voters casting ballots in 2004. Persons 75 years old and over had the highest voter participation, with 76.1 percent of those eligible voting. The proportion of women casting votes fell from 60.6 percent in 2000 to 57.4 percent in 2004. The official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives showed that the majority of voters in Indiana voted for the Republican presidential candidate, with proportions of 56.6 percent in 2000 and 59.9 percent in 2004.

Table IN-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 380 2 157 2 223

4 303 2 121 2 183

98.3 98.3 98.2

3 000 1 424 1 576

68.5 66.0 70.9

2 564 1 217 1 347

58.5 56.4 60.6

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 536 2 182 2 354

4 435 2 132 2 303

97.8 97.7 97.8

3 031 1 473 1 558

66.8 67.5 66.2

2 598 1 247 1 351

57.3 57.1 57.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

4 088 3 905 368 22 182 4 133 3 950 376 22

3 999 3 881 368 10 118 4 044 3 926 376 10

97.8 99.4 100.0 B 64.8 97.8 99.4 100.0 B

2 755 2 698 229 5 57 2 784 2 726 233 5

67.4 69.1 62.3 B 31.5 67.4 69.0 62.0 B

2 364 2 323 198 5 41 2 386 2 344 202 5

57.8 59.5 53.8 B 22.6 57.7 59.3 53.7 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

571 1 740 1 523 370 333

564 1 659 1 512 368 331

98.8 95.3 99.3 99.7 99.6

296 1 041 1 119 295 280

51.8 59.8 73.5 79.8 84.2

232 868 975 269 253

40.7 49.9 64.1 72.7 76.1

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

IOWA At a Glance: • •

Iowa’s population was just under 3 million in 2004, ranking the state 30th in the nation. Nearly 92 percent of the state’s residents were non-Hispanic White, which was the fifth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Iowa’s median household income of $43,015 was just below the national average and ranked 26th in the nation. The state’s poverty rate was also below the U.S. average. The unemployment rate was 4.4 percent, well below the national average of 5.5 percent. The state’s economy, as measured by real gross state product (GSP), was the 29th largest in the country. The GSP grew 5.5 percent from 2003 to 2004, which was the 5th highest rate of growth in the nation. Nearly 90 percent of Iowa’s population age 25 years and over held a high school diploma; this was the among the top 10 proportions in the country. Only 9.5 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance. This was the second lowest proportion in the country.

• • •

• •

Table IA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

2 776 755 1.1

2 926 324 1.0

2 954 451 1.0

X X

0.2 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 344 802 1 431 953

1 435 515 1 490 809

1 454 107 1 500 344

49.2 50.8

0.3 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

193 203 525 677 524 116 2 057 875 283 713 823 940 426 106 55 255

188 413 545 225 2 192 686 298 008 808 259 650 206 436 213 65 118

180 839 499 598 2 274 014 316 404 787 033 737 438 433 139 72 373

6.1 16.9 77.0 10.7 26.6 25.0 14.7 2.4

-0.6 -0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.3 2.5 0.1 2.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

34.0

36.6

38.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 1.2 1.0

1.1

0.9 0.5

0.5

0.2

0.0 -0.5

United States -0.5

Iowa

-1.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

From 2000 to 2004, Iowa’s population grew by 1 percent, which was among the 5 lowest growth rates in the nation. During this period, the state lost over 37,000 residents to other states. Immigration from other countries added nearly 25,000 new residents. Iowa’s below average birth rate also contributed to the slow rate of population growth. The composition of the population was somewhat older than that of the country as a whole. Iowa’s median age in 2004 was 38 years, which was among the 10 highest in the nation. Close to 15 percent of the state’s population was 65 years old and over, which was the 5th highest proportion of this age group in the country.

179

180

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

2 776 755

2 926 324

2 954 451

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

95.9 1.7 0.3 0.9 0.5 ...

92.8 2.1 0.3 1.3 ... 0.7

91.7 2.2 0.3 1.4 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.2

2.8

3.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

9

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

6

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

3

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH The state’s birth rate and its birth rate for teenage mothers were both well below the U.S. averages. Iowa had a low infant mortality rate, and its age-adjusted death rate for all causes was among the 10 lowest in the nation.

Table IA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

38 174 13.0 31.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.8

6.9

781.4 779.2 1 085.6 ... 477.1 631.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

9.5 6.0 4.9

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Iowa

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table IA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

27 943

781.4

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

11 334 6 442 1 548 1 071 691 919 844 432 265 245 302 194 208 90 151 58 226 23 27 44 35 31

305.3 189.7 43.5 33.0 19.6 23.8 21.2 14.2 7.2 7.0 10.2 6.5 6.5 3.1 4.9 2.0 6.1 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

IOWA

181

Table IA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 064 325 740 819 629 893 110 926 25 785 85 141 323 506 275 466 48 040

1 149 276 769 684 633 254 136 430 38 160 98 270 379 592 313 083 66 509

1 175 771 773 898 630 131 143 767 41 103 102 664 401 873 337 368 64 505

0.6 0.1 -0.1 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.4 1.9 -0.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.52 1 143 669 1 064 325 745 377 318 948

2.46 1 232 511 1 149 276 831 419 317 857

2.42 1 292 976 1 175 771 867 585 308 186

X 1.2 0.6 1.1 -0.8

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

336 45 500

470 82 500

533 95 901

3.2 3.8

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

Iowa

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Iowa

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table IA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 512 42 496 43 118 43 726 44 963

10.8 8.9 9.2 7.4 8.3

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 585 42 844 39 649 39 807 43 719 41 705 36 898 37 924 38 618 38 242

7.4 9.1 9.6 9.6 12.2 10.7 10.3 11.5 9.6 10.4

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 639 37 291 35 286 36 930 35 040 34 367 ... ... ... ...

10.3 9.4 14.5 12.9 17.9 14.6 16.7 13.4 13.1 10.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

182

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 307 170 233 370 397 450 267 420

1 620 104 192 321 353 397 186 68

70.2 61.1 82.4 86.7 88.9 88.2 69.8 16.1

1 545 91 175 307 341 385 181 65

4.6 12.2 8.7 4.3 3.5 3.1 2.7 3.4

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 124 87 119 189 195 225 130 179

846 52 102 175 185 203 94 36

75.3 60.1 85.9 92.3 95.2 90.0 72.1 19.9

809 45 95 166 180 198 91 34

4.4 13.6 7.5 4.6 3.0 2.3 3.3 3.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 183 83 114 181 203 225 137 241

774 51 89 146 168 194 92 32

65.4 62.2 78.7 80.8 82.8 86.5 67.6 13.3

736 46 80 141 161 187 90 31

4.9 10.7 10.1 3.8 4.1 3.9 2.1 3.4

660 670 105

506 461 80

76.7 68.8 76.5

495 447 72

2.2 3.0 9.9

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 193 1 065 1 129

1 542 801 741

70.3 75.2 65.6

1 474 768 706

4.4 4.1 4.7

Black .....................................................

44

28

63.5

22

19.6

Asian .....................................................

40

30

75.9

30

1.4

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

80 43 37

64 39 25

79.0 89.8 66.5

59 36 22

7.4 6.0 9.7

159 215 340 376 435 258 410

98 179 297 337 385 180 66

61.8 83.5 87.2 89.5 88.3 69.8 16.1

86 165 285 325 374 175 64

12.2 8.2 4.0 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table IA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 623 844 1 620 030 1 638 042 1 622 634 1 605 212

1 545 412 1 548 215 1 573 701 1 569 541 1 561 129

78 432 71 815 64 341 53 093 44 083

4.8 4.4 3.9 3.3 2.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 602 634 1 602 865 1 606 503 1 609 270 1 585 287 1 569 124 1 545 272 1 509 146 1 476 380 1 458 858

1 560 848 1 556 479 1 555 837 1 551 200 1 527 972 1 510 253 1 480 417 1 441 414 1 408 730 1 393 302

41 786 46 386 50 666 58 070 57 315 58 871 64 855 67 732 67 650 65 556

2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.6 3.8 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.5

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Iowa

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

IOWA

183

Table IA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 916 252 106 615 1 809 637 1 552 778 11 415 2 801 8 545 102 367 246 817 150 646 96 171 73 468 234 507 63 637 41 291 100 313 42 572 64 303 7 779 80 743 37 374 191 174 32 939 112 334 98 399 256 859

1 905 591 106 741 1 798 850 1 541 887 12 045 2 612 8 918 101 362 234 078 140 423 93 655 72 035 232 351 64 111 38 173 102 845 42 508 64 390 8 154 80 688 37 535 191 165 33 804 112 794 102 319 256 963

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 159 22 944 28 210 28 070 14 156 36 711 55 712 34 073 37 114 38 829 34 439 36 845 18 871 33 067 34 890 41 556 25 390 37 908 46 935 19 406 18 471 27 380 16 616 10 426 18 953 28 895

28 953 21 088 29 030 28 866 16 015 39 090 57 667 34 778 38 181 39 896 35 620 38 262 19 539 33 516 34 830 42 823 26 744 38 885 50 060 19 835 19 517 28 592 17 007 10 644 19 498 29 829

1 904 045 103 611 1 800 434 1 542 476 10 986 2 742 8 986 104 377 226 598 135 131 91 467 70 657 232 404 63 914 37 012 103 718 43 077 65 525 8 917 81 343 38 367 192 977 33 974 113 914 102 988 257 958

1 934 816 103 492 1 831 324 1 572 818 11 785 2 959 8 940 108 924 229 743 140 178 89 565 71 711 234 278 65 678 37 087 105 710 44 759 66 990 9 306 84 565 39 729 195 236 34 366 116 299 104 753 258 506

0.3 -1.0 0.4 0.4 1.1 1.8 1.5 2.1 -2.4 -2.4 -2.3 -0.8 0.0 1.1 -3.5 1.8 1.7 1.4 6.2 1.6 2.1 0.7 1.4 1.2 2.1 0.2

31 418 31 106 31 421 31 328 20 859 40 481 64 867 36 294 42 124 44 224 38 855 41 495 20 382 36 177 38 576 48 304 28 577 41 172 56 784 21 724 21 162 30 982 18 038 11 058 20 829 31 878

3.7 10.7 3.7 3.7 13.8 3.3 5.2 2.1 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.0 2.6 3.0 3.4 5.1 4.0 2.8 6.6 3.8 4.6 4.2 2.8 2.0 3.2 3.3

Dollars 30 046 27 694 30 069 29 907 16 672 39 213 59 525 35 514 39 830 41 847 36 867 39 320 19 947 34 551 36 676 45 675 27 738 40 076 53 664 20 824 20 402 29 526 17 571 10 738 20 022 30 846

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Iowa’s unemployment rate has been well below the national average in recent years, despite rising noticeably following the 2001 recession. Total wage and salary employment declined sharply in 2002 and recovered only moderately in the subsequent two years. The government sector was the state’s largest employer, accounting for over 13 percent of employment. Retail trade, manufacturing, and health care services also employed large numbers of people. The farming sector, long associated with Iowa, has lost employment steadily over the years. In 2004, it represented just over 5 percent of total jobs. Average wages and salaries were well below the national averages across most industries, but their growth rates exceeded U.S. averages.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.4% Government and government enterprises Retail trade 12.1%

40.9%

Manufacturing Health care and social assistance 11.9%

Accommodation and food services Construction

5.6%

6.0%

10.1%

Other

184

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

20 838 15 198 2 868 2 772 383 2 389 2 067 92 18 863 5 661 3 405 27 930 27 259 671

34 963 24 541 5 063 5 360 1 945 3 415 4 010 323 31 276 10 473 6 609 48 358 46 124 2 234

57 336 42 216 8 556 6 564 1 316 5 248 6 609 832 51 560 15 416 10 787 77 763 76 124 1 638

58 302 43 233 8 960 6 109 907 5 203 6 820 783 52 265 15 556 11 635 79 456 78 182 1 274

60 293 43 986 9 988 6 319 1 167 5 151 7 009 836 54 121 15 478 12 888 82 487 80 980 1 507

62 522 45 456 10 910 6 157 771 5 386 7 307 867 56 082 15 096 12 851 84 029 82 827 1 202

69 373 48 134 11 810 9 430 3 524 5 906 7 692 869 62 550 15 533 13 416 91 500 87 492 4 008

4.9 3.3 8.4 9.5 27.9 3.0 3.9 1.1 4.9 0.2 5.6 4.2 3.5 25.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 585

17 389

26 554

27 103

28 107

28 562

30 970

3.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Iowa

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Iowa’s economy recovered quite well from the fall-off in activity during the 2001 recession. Between 2003 and 2004, it had one of the highest growth rates in the nation at 5.5 percent. Manufacturing—for both durable and nondurable goods—was the largest source of economic growth during this period. Management, finance and insurance, and utilities were the sectors with the highest rates of growth from 2001 to 2004. Government transfer payments grew at a below average rate from 2000 to 2004. Iowa was one of 10 states with a median value of owner-occupied housing of less than $100,000. Housing did not play a significant role in the state’s economic activity.

Table IA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

85 692 1.0

86 525 1.0

88 009 0.9

90 815 0.9

90 306 0.9

93 227 0.9

95 569 0.9

100 853 0.9

3.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

75 516 3 982 139 1 760 3 745 18 989 22.2 5 244 5 456 2 649 2 369 6 996 7 570 16 111 18.8 2 740 547 1 976 732 5 395 1 009 1 637 2 075 10 172 11.9

76 097 3 004 167 1 814 3 911 18 789 21.7 5 649 5 778 2 792 2 665 7 191 7 691 16 488 19.1 2 764 558 1 998 725 5 481 1 063 1 727 2 172 10 432 12.1

77 433 1 947 173 2 056 3 859 18 955 21.5 6 054 6 081 2 962 2 938 7 348 8 245 16 859 19.2 2 868 574 2 118 728 5 637 1 035 1 754 2 145 10 579 12.0

80 129 2 449 184 2 030 3 543 19 918 21.9 5 608 6 222 3 116 3 076 8 884 8 536 16 562 18.2 2 769 521 1 745 727 5 830 926 1 897 2 147 10 686 11.8

79 503 2 554 166 1 972 3 515 19 453 21.5 5 898 6 638 3 056 3 069 7 887 8 855 16 457 18.2 2 794 464 1 752 704 5 976 921 1 851 1 995 10 802 12.0

82 502 3 626 165 2 053 3 468 19 622 21.0 6 074 6 980 3 111 3 084 8 857 8 708 16 774 18.0 2 850 517 1 808 699 6 125 949 1 860 1 966 10 734 11.5

84 873 3 067 164 2 244 3 523 20 510 21.5 5 830 7 293 3 215 3 323 9 932 8 645 17 172 18.0 2 965 605 1 906 684 6 230 967 1 859 1 956 10 716 11.2

90 019 3 992 164 2 515 3 646 21 873 21.7 6 073 7 567 3 368 3 737 10 572 8 787 17 721 17.6 3 039 630 1 987 682 6 393 962 1 931 2 097 10 874 10.8

4.2 16.1 -0.4 8.4 1.2 4.0 X 1.0 4.5 3.3 6.8 10.3 -0.3 2.5 X 2.8 10.7 4.3 -1.1 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.7 0.2 X

X = Not applicable.

IOWA

185

Table IA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

3 186

6 196

10 046

10 822

12 157

12 173

12 730

6.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 793 1 697 79 4 12

3 450 3 294 116 8 33

5 059 4 892 131 11 25

5 319 5 152 133 10 24

5 527 5 352 138 12 25

5 673 5 495 141 12 26

5 901 5 718 143 12 28

3.9 4.0 2.3 3.2 2.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

704 460 240 4

1 869 1 178 680 11

3 746 2 034 1 701 11

4 077 2 243 1 817 17

5 004 2 388 2 593 22

4 736 2 510 2 206 19

5 088 2 736 2 330 23

8.0 7.7 8.2 20.8

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

286 38 144 58 46

446 101 153 112 81

684 175 108 101 301

721 184 107 111 318

767 191 109 132 335

857 193 116 153 395

938 202 116 188 431

8.2 3.6 1.9 16.9 9.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

200

151

211

314

441

468

334

12.2

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

150

172

213

221

239

255

270

6.1

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

53

105

124

156

173

176

187

10.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

3

10

15

7

8

12

3.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Iowa ranked 28th in the country in terms of the value of goods exported. Of the $6.4 billion of exported goods in 2004, the leading export was machinery manufactures, followed by processed food and chemicals. The value of machinery manufactures exports increased by 63 percent from 2001 to 2004. Agricultural exports made up just 6.1 percent of total exports. In 2004, the state’s main export markets were Canada and Mexico, both of which have grown substantially since 2001. Australia became one of the state’s top five markets in 2004, as exports to this country more than doubled since 2001. The leading export to Australia was machinery manufactures.

Processed foods 18.7% Chemicals 8.2%

Machinery 26.4%

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 8.0% Computers and electronic products 7.1% Other 31.7%

Table IA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

4 660 4 378 232 50

4 755 4 493 221 40

5 236 4 888 314 33

6 394 5 967 389 38

100.0 93.3 6.1 0.6

11.1 10.9 18.8 -8.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) ................. Computers and electronic products (334) ..............................

1 034 951 427 390 409

1 216 939 448 394 435

1 298 1 061 444 447 432

1 687 1 195 523 511 452

26.4 18.7 8.2 8.0 7.1

17.7 7.9 7.1 9.4 3.4

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Australia .................................................................................

4 259 1 582 372 647 207 115

4 358 1 676 396 605 192 115

4 805 1 871 670 576 211 144

5 899 2 293 820 632 254 251

92.3 35.9 12.8 9.9 4.0 3.9

11.5 13.2 30.1 -0.8 7.0 29.7

186

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table IA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 96 705 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 32 313 119

2002

90 655 31 729 490

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

334

350

19.8 58.2 22.0

23.3 54.0 22.7

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

559 678 1 698 79 607

707 730 2 005 100 422

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... 12 162 165 Crops .......................................................................................... 6 381 676 Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... 5 780 489 Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. 125 766 Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... 29.0 $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... 38.1 $100,000 or more ....................................................................... 32.9

12 273 634 6 071 272 6 202 362 135 388 35.4 34.4 30.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

562 555 78.7

538 896 69.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

60.1

68.3

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

With 90,655 farms in 2002, Iowa had the third largest number of farms in the country, behind only Texas and Missouri. Sales were valued at close to $12.3 billion, which was the third highest value in the nation. Iowa was not a state with large-scale farming: about 70 percent of farms had sales of less than $100,000. However, less than 24 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was among the smallest proportions of farms of this size in the nation. The state received significant support from the federal government, with nearly 70 percent of farms collecting government payments. The state’s chief products were corn, hogs, and soybeans. Over 68 percent of farm operators in Iowa considered farming to be their principal occupation. ENERGY In 2001, Iowa ranked ninth in terms of expenditures per person, although its energy prices were below average. The state’s per capita consumption was among the 15 highest in the nation. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

500

Residential 19.9%

Transportation 23.5%

Trillion of Btu

400 300 200 100 0

Commercial 15.6

-100 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 41.0%

Table IA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

602 917 218.6

698 124 254.6

850 559 301.0

944 534 327.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

26.7 11.6 36.7 25.0

26.4 12.4 37.9 23.2

25.6 13.4 36.4 24.7

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

115 945 193 688 285 885 0 9 481 6 404 0 -8 485

126 638 249 988 295 267 0 9 698 5 462 0 11 071

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

1 009 295 346.4

933 569 329.9

962 153 346.5

1 110 786 391.0

1 175 967 401.9

1 150 675 392.4

24.5 14.8 34.4 26.3

24.1 12.5 39.8 23.6

24.0 14.4 38.2 23.5

22.3 14.6 38.9 24.2

21.5 14.2 41.1 23.2

20.1 14.7 42.1 23.1

19.9 15.6 41.0 23.5

130 867 351 800 346 448 0 9 816 6 264 0 5 365

131 562 348 564 375 799 25 235 9 142 7 887 0 46 345

234 425 270 390 373 111 27 955 9 828 50 828 0 42 758

268 806 228 388 320 833 20 467 10 334 56 771 3 614 24 356

335 002 220 396 307 871 31 868 9 103 47 500 72 10 340

372 313 262 505 370 324 39 191 10 343 41 359 198 14 554

445 896 233 736 414 835 46 439 9 222 30 141 5 361 -9 663

444 883 225 240 400 885 40 253 8 599 30 673 5 327 -5 184

... ...

1 259 600 446

2 364 300 821

5 002 500 1 717

5 410 600 1 912

5 195 900 1 871

6 052 100 2 130

8 289 000 2 833

8 160 500 2 783

... ... ... ... ...

1.80 2.06 1.81 1.05 2.60

3.12 3.44 2.94 2.02 4.24

6.68 6.82 6.31 4.67 9.34

8.02 9.59 9.24 5.93 8.95

7.60 10.20 8.52 4.57 9.22

7.56 10.47 9.21 5.06 8.53

9.88 12.94 11.05 7.16 11.36

10.02 14.11 11.38 7.34 10.80

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

IOWA

187

Table IA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

5 133 126

100.0

1 737.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

2 437 323 1 617 505 819 818 213 522 138 229 357 835 94 282

47.5 31.5 16.0 4.2 2.7 7.0 1.8

825.1 547.6 277.5 72.3 46.8 121.1 31.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

565 515 38 999 377 672 75 977

11.0 0.8 7.4 1.5

191.4 13.2 127.8 25.7

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

2 130 288 1 958 697 89 826 67 896

41.5 38.2 1.7 1.3

721.2 663.1 30.4 23.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 2,500

United States Iowa

2,000

1,500

Dollars

In 2003, Iowa was not far off the national averages, with state revenues per capita amounting to $3,772. The state’s expenditures per person exceeded revenue, but were below the national average. Per capita expenditures were higher than average for education, hospitals, and highways. The state’s debt per capita amounted to about $1,455, which was among the 15 lowest amounts in the nation. In fiscal year 2004, Iowa had below average per capita taxes of $1,738. Of this amount, the largest share of revenue was from individual income taxes, which totaled $663 per person. General sales taxes had the second largest intake with $548. Iowa had no property taxes.

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table IA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

11 096 904 3 534 400 4 922 455 1 589 917 779 069 537 574 1 791 129 140 031 84 735 1 530 512 1 109 537

100.0 31.9 44.4 14.3 7.0 4.8 16.1 1.3 0.8 13.8 10.0

3 771.9 1 201.4 1 673.2 540.4 264.8 182.7 608.8 47.6 28.8 520.2 377.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

11 714 669 3 442 552 8 272 117

100.0 29.4 70.6

3 981.9 1 170.1 2 811.7

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 589 923 2 795 400 759 789 241 311 1 356 482 86 332 294 911 243 227 23 027 503 328 122 471 698 468

39.2 23.9 6.5 2.1 11.6 0.7 2.5 2.1 0.2 4.3 1.0 6.0

1 560.1 950.2 258.3 82.0 461.1 29.3 100.2 82.7 7.8 171.1 41.6 237.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 279 448

X

1 454.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

25 147 636

X

8 547.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

188

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table IA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 923

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

89.8 24.3

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

482 210 30.0 3.2 1 500 13.8 7 574

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.4

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

203 923 20 034 57.0

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Iowa 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Iowa ranked 9th in the nation for high school attainment, with 89.8 percent of its residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. Nationally, 85.2 percent of the population in this age group had graduated from high school. However, Iowa had a below average proportion (24.3 percent) of college graduates. The state’s educational expenditures per student were below the national average, ranking 26th in the nation. Of the 46 states with dropout data, Iowa was among 4 states with rates under 2.5 percent. Iowa’s student/teacher ratio of 13.8 was well below the U.S. average of 15.9. This may reflect the state’s low proportion of school-age population.

Perhaps because of the state’s central role in the election primary process, Iowa’s voter turnout was much higher than the national average in both 2000 and 2004. The state’s voter turnout ranked 9th in 2000 and 8th in 2004. More than 75 percent of the eligible population age 65 years and over voted in the 2004 election. Among residents age 18 to 24 years, this proportion was 58 percent, which was among the highest in the nation for this age group. In 2000, 47.2 percent of voters in Iowa cast their ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate; in 2004, 49.9 percent of votes were for the Republican candidate.

Table IA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 110 1 049 1 061

2 008 992 1 017

95.2 94.5 95.8

1 524 733 790

72.2 69.9 74.5

1 353 650 703

64.1 62.0 66.3

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 212 1 073 1 139

2 136 1 034 1 102

96.6 96.4 96.8

1 674 788 886

75.7 73.5 77.8

1 522 708 814

68.8 66.0 71.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 120 2 052 37 27 69 2 136 2 068 41 30

2 061 2 038 36 15 24 2 077 2 055 40 18

97.2 99.3 B B B 97.3 99.3 B B

1 620 1 608 24 11 13 1 634 1 622 28 12

76.4 78.4 B B B 76.5 78.5 B B

1 473 1 463 23 11 12 1 484 1 474 26 11

69.5 71.3 B B B 69.5 71.3 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

315 756 715 191 235

294 713 705 188 235

93.4 94.4 98.5 98.7 100.0

209 538 574 152 201

66.3 71.2 80.2 79.8 85.5

183 474 541 144 181

58.0 62.7 75.7 75.3 76.8

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

KANSAS At a Glance: • •

With 2.7 million residents, Kansas’s population ranked 33rd in the nation in 2004. Nearly 82 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White and just over 8 percent was Hispanic (of any race). Kansas ranked low for median household income, but its poverty rate was well below the national average. The state’s real gross state product ranked 32nd in the country. Kansas had the third lowest state debt per capita in 2003. Kansas had an unemployment rate that was close to the U.S. average, but its total employment grew just 0.5 percent from 2001 to 2004, among the smallest rates in the nation. Among the population age 25 years and over, Kansas ranked 6th for proportion of high school graduates and 16th for proportion with a bachelor’s degree or more. Just 11.1 percent of the state’s population lacked health insurance, which was among the smallest proportions in the nation.

• • • • •

Table KS-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

2 477 574 1.0

2 688 418 1.0

2 735 502 0.9

X X

0.4 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 214 645 1 262 929

1 328 474 1 359 944

1 358 381 1 377 121

49.7 50.3

0.6 0.3

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

188 390 473 224 444 397 1 815 960 254 493 774 499 342 571 42 241

188 708 524 285 1 975 425 275 592 769 204 574 400 356 229 51 770

188 782 494 709 2 052 011 299 476 746 056 651 900 354 579 55 055

6.9 18.1 75.0 10.9 27.3 23.8 13.0 2.0

-0.1 0.3 0.9 1.1 -0.3 2.8 0.3 2.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.8

35.2

35.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.2

1.1

Kansas 1.0

0.9 0.8

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

From 2000 to 2004, Kansas’s population grew 1.7 percent, which was well below the national average growth rate of 4.3 percent. Kansas’s growth rate was also lower than those of all of its neighboring states. The state lost over 48,000 residents to other states during the 2000– 2004 period. Kansas’s above average birth rate and immigration from other countries gave the state a net increase of population during this period. In 2004, 13 percent of the state’s population was age 65 years and over, which was above average; however, Kansas’s median age of 35.8 years was slightly below the U.S. average.

Year

189

190

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KS-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

2 477 574

2 688 418

2 735 502

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

88.4 5.7 0.9 1.3 2.0 ...

83.3 5.7 0.8 1.8 ... 1.4

81.9 5.7 0.8 2.1 ... 1.5

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

3.8

7.0

8.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 20

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

15

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 10 Non-Hispanic Black 5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Kansas’s infant mortality and age-adjusted death rates were close to the U.S. averages. Despite having the 13th highest birth rate in the nation, Kansas’s birth rate for teenage mothers was below the U.S. average. The state ranked sixth highest in the country for the percentage of the population with health insurance coverage. Table KS-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

39 476 14.5 41.2

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.0

6.9

843.6 825.6 1 178.3 ... 307.5 595.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.1 6.5 5.0

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Kansas

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table KS-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

24 795

843.6

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

9 400 5 344 1 407 1 116 718 667 676 520 498 280 321 278 190 149 152 138 180 34 38 59 29 39

311.5 189.4 48.6 39.9 24.9 21.5 21.3 18.9 16.6 9.5 11.9 10.2 7.0 5.7 5.7 5.1 6.0 1.3 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

KANSAS

191

Table KS-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

944 726 658 600 552 495 106 105 24 672 81 433 286 126 245 156 40 970

1 037 891 701 547 567 924 133 623 36 962 96 661 336 344 280 387 55 957

1 076 366 707 663 570 071 137 592 37 754 99 838 368 703 308 574 60 129

0.9 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.8 2.3 2.4 1.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.53 1 044 112 944 726 641 762 302 964

2.51 1 131 200 1 037 891 718 703 319 188

2.47 1 185 114 1 076 366 748 354 328 012

X 1.2 0.9 1.0 0.7

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

372 51 800

498 83 500

567 102 458

3.3 5.2

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

Kansas

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Kansas

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table KS-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 987 45 421 44 767 44 194 45 037

11.4 10.8 10.1 10.1 8.0

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 334 42 487 42 804 39 059 37 346 35 708 38 323 40 039 39 622 41 926

12.3 9.6 9.7 11.2 10.8 14.9 13.1 11.1 12.3 10.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 517 39 226 40 681 39 343 38 156 42 613 ... ... ... ...

10.8 8.1 9.2 11.1 13.8 10.7 13.6 10.4 11.7 9.4

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

192

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KS-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 069 161 193 359 381 403 249 323

1 480 91 156 310 334 350 174 65

71.5 56.3 80.9 86.4 87.6 86.8 70.0 20.2

1 398 77 142 292 318 337 169 63

5.5 15.2 8.8 5.8 4.8 3.5 3.1 3.4

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 008 83 101 180 184 203 122 135

795 47 86 168 172 186 96 40

78.9 55.9 85.7 93.3 93.4 91.6 78.8 29.6

754 39 79 160 164 178 94 39

5.2 15.4 8.3 4.7 4.5 4.3 2.5 3.0

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 061 78 92 179 197 200 127 189

685 44 70 142 162 164 78 25

64.5 56.8 75.8 79.4 82.1 82.0 61.4 13.5

644 38 63 132 153 159 75 24

5.9 15.0 9.4 7.2 5.2 2.7 3.9 4.0

590 579 109

490 395 82

83.1 68.2 75.5

474 382 72

3.3 3.3 12.1

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 834 892 942

1 321 710 610

72.0 79.7 64.8

1 259 676 583

4.7 4.8 4.5

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

107 51 56

71 35 36

66.3 67.4 65.2

59 30 28

17.4 12.1 22.5

Asian .....................................................

57

40

70.1

38

5.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

109 63 47

86 54 32

78.6 86.6 67.9

80 50 30

7.0 7.2 6.5

139 168 305 331 361 227 304

81 137 267 294 319 161 62

57.9 81.9 87.7 88.9 88.3 71.0 20.3

70 126 254 283 309 157 60

13.1 8.0 4.9 3.6 3.2 2.7 2.8

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table KS-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 463 943 1 447 478 1 425 342 1 408 800 1 408 587

1 383 654 1 366 061 1 351 738 1 348 506 1 356 326

80 289 81 417 73 604 60 294 52 261

5.5 5.6 5.2 4.3 3.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 409 556 1 401 588 1 383 486 1 371 948 1 355 850 1 344 443 1 325 075 1 304 907 1 283 125 1 270 352

1 359 908 1 348 793 1 329 797 1 311 843 1 296 202 1 279 098 1 257 847 1 244 438 1 225 007 1 215 102

49 648 52 795 53 689 60 105 59 648 65 345 67 228 60 469 58 118 55 250

3.5 3.8 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.9 5.1 4.6 4.5 4.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Kansas

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

KANSAS

193

Table KS-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 782 308 78 519 1 703 789 1 420 488 8 594 19 678 7 641 93 353 200 628 127 971 72 657 66 127 200 983 56 611 54 564 77 725 45 743 83 682 13 228 81 224 21 469 167 656 25 578 103 325 92 679 283 301

1 772 881 78 346 1 694 535 1 408 064 9 606 17 635 7 130 90 807 189 662 116 478 73 184 66 090 199 540 55 774 50 342 79 595 46 120 82 848 11 948 82 537 22 301 169 874 26 174 103 642 96 439 286 471

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

29 540 27 648 29 558 30 174 17 557 38 347 60 553 33 658 39 232 41 697 34 885 41 443 19 598 35 014 45 525 41 858 24 871 41 912 50 430 22 639 20 225 28 103 14 057 11 442 19 553 27 067

30 216 27 118 30 242 30 737 17 951 36 514 65 523 34 125 40 530 43 405 35 955 42 602 19 965 35 407 47 695 43 011 26 209 42 291 50 149 23 202 20 421 28 829 14 525 11 497 20 232 28 295

1 765 678 77 312 1 688 366 1 401 272 8 931 20 229 7 271 92 513 179 661 108 586 71 075 64 505 198 178 55 655 48 086 79 723 48 400 83 411 10 504 82 067 22 955 171 527 25 845 103 990 97 821 287 094

1 791 396 78 615 1 712 781 1 424 278 8 916 21 610 7 361 93 441 182 288 110 848 71 440 65 151 199 651 55 740 45 135 80 157 50 695 86 771 9 970 86 455 24 184 175 534 26 553 105 965 98 701 288 503

0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 3.2 -1.2 0.0 -3.1 -4.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.2 -0.5 -6.1 1.0 3.5 1.2 -9.0 2.1 4.0 1.5 1.3 0.8 2.1 0.6

32 216 32 361 32 215 32 646 18 689 41 997 62 092 34 751 42 978 45 982 38 330 45 810 20 852 37 477 55 959 47 014 27 772 44 156 58 178 24 738 21 711 30 932 15 697 12 267 21 403 30 539

2.9 5.4 2.9 2.7 2.1 3.1 0.8 1.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 2.1 2.3 7.1 3.9 3.7 1.8 4.9 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.7 2.3 3.1 4.1

Dollars 30 942 26 817 30 979 31 450 18 277 39 510 58 595 34 210 41 223 44 106 36 829 43 642 20 401 36 435 51 086 45 662 26 827 42 292 53 111 24 140 21 000 29 807 15 235 11 754 20 926 29 157

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Kansas’s unemployment rate was below the national average until 2004, when its rate of 5.5 percent matched the U.S. average. Employment grew very slowly, increasing by just 0.5 percent over the 2001–2004 period. Jobs in manufacturing, particularly in durable goods, fell by over 54,000 during this period. Management and information also had high rates of job losses. The largest employer in Kansas was the government sector, which accounted for 16 percent of total employment. This was followed by retail trade, manufacturing, and health care. Educational services, real estate, and mining had the highest rates of job growth from 2001 to 2004. Kansas’s average wages and salaries were below the U.S. averages in most categories.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.1%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

41.4%

11.1%

Manufacturing Health care and social assistance

10.2%

Accommodation and food services Other services, except public administration

5.5%

5.9%

9.8%

Other

194

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KS-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

17 755 13 317 2 634 1 804 -82 1 886 1 760 729 16 724 4 098 2 756 23 578 23 491 87

32 867 23 447 5 014 4 406 1 145 3 261 3 708 975 30 134 9 174 5 568 44 876 43 516 1 360

55 796 41 289 8 470 6 036 344 5 692 6 259 1 103 50 640 14 437 9 492 74 570 73 885 684

58 258 42 571 8 923 6 764 376 6 388 6 496 993 52 755 14 350 10 459 77 564 76 807 757

59 207 43 092 10 061 6 054 -112 6 166 6 659 975 53 524 13 818 11 214 78 556 78 328 228

61 762 43 612 10 803 7 347 818 6 529 6 809 855 55 808 13 556 11 428 80 792 79 622 1 170

65 154 45 847 11 766 7 541 435 7 106 7 185 842 58 811 14 087 11 912 84 810 83 909 901

4.0 2.7 8.6 5.7 6.0 5.7 3.5 -6.5 3.8 -0.6 5.8 3.3 3.2 7.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 953

18 085

27 694

28 714

28 956

29 651

31 003

2.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Kansas

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product increased 6.2 percent over the 2001–2004 period, ranking among the lowest growth rates in the nation. From 2001 to 2004, information, finance and insurance, administrative and waste services, and utilities had the highest rates of growth. Educational services and agriculture had the biggest declines. Manufacturing and government remained the leading sectors of Kansas’s economy. From 2003 to 2004, growth was boosted by improved activity in manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, and information services. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Kansas was well below the national average and not a significant factor in the state’s economic activity.

Table KS-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

76 095 0.9

79 620 0.9

81 263 0.9

83 427 0.9

84 696 0.9

85 765 0.9

86 814 0.8

89 941 0.8

2.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

65 346 2 100 1 264 1 695 3 612 12 253 16.1 4 885 5 552 2 836 3 346 4 457 7 192 16 315 21.4 3 088 1 092 2 240 402 4 983 408 1 945 2 157 10 760 14.1

68 589 1 846 1 065 1 664 3 667 13 224 16.6 5 372 5 917 2 877 3 745 4 586 7 645 17 117 21.5 3 486 1 040 2 277 433 5 117 381 2 115 2 268 11 035 13.9

70 149 1 687 1 000 1 776 3 765 12 916 15.9 5 510 6 159 2 938 5 224 4 684 7 406 17 124 21.1 3 527 995 2 293 436 5 209 401 2 040 2 223 11 114 13.7

72 176 1 652 939 1 726 3 721 13 932 16.7 5 436 6 218 3 142 6 246 4 790 7 637 16 737 20.1 3 552 927 2 019 436 5 339 402 2 013 2 049 11 252 13.5

73 375 1 742 856 1 830 3 570 13 545 16.0 5 791 6 657 3 161 6 317 4 828 8 050 17 049 20.1 3 778 905 2 046 417 5 509 414 1 989 1 991 11 322 13.4

74 480 1 613 917 1 864 3 433 13 425 15.7 5 949 6 939 3 227 6 839 5 161 7 892 17 300 20.2 3 814 866 2 172 403 5 667 428 1 970 1 980 11 290 13.2

75 291 1 929 834 1 937 3 381 12 943 14.9 5 708 7 251 3 380 7 445 5 496 7 612 17 511 20.2 3 862 851 2 233 382 5 773 423 1 989 1 998 11 523 13.3

77 946 1 617 870 2 089 3 333 13 699 15.2 5 879 7 532 3 418 8 002 5 672 7 865 18 209 20.2 4 094 838 2 335 385 5 947 431 2 088 2 091 11 987 13.3

2.0 -2.5 0.5 4.5 -2.3 0.4 X 0.5 4.2 2.6 8.2 5.5 -0.8 2.2 X 2.7 -2.5 4.5 -2.6 2.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.9 X

X = Not applicable.

KANSAS

195

Table KS-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 591

5 255

8 908

9 693

10 526

10 790

11 264

6.0

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 417 1 294 111 7 6

2 829 2 625 169 29 5

4 286 4 060 203 17 5

4 508 4 276 208 16 8

4 690 4 444 217 16 13

4 818 4 565 223 17 13

5 008 4 750 227 17 14

4.0 4.0 2.8 0.0 30.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

648 420 216 12

1 656 1 072 537 47

3 470 1 903 1 519 48

3 905 2 096 1 740 69

4 294 2 229 1 974 90

4 188 2 344 1 768 75

4 566 2 555 1 924 87

7.1 7.6 6.1 15.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

198 28 88 41 41

349 66 103 100 80

623 151 122 85 265

638 158 123 95 261

703 164 118 118 302

822 170 128 145 379

887 178 140 164 405

9.3 4.1 3.6 18.0 11.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

139

151

175

247

415

522

333

17.4

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

141

168

233

244

268

289

308

7.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

46

95

112

135

148

142

152

7.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

5

10

16

8

9

11

2.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, Kansas ranked 30th in the nation for value of its exports. Exports from the state declined sharply between 2001 and 2003, but recovered somewhat in 2004. This was primarily due to a large drop in processed food exports. Kansas’s leading exports were transportation equipment (airplanes), processed foods, and computers and electronic products. Canada was the largest of Kansas’s export markets, followed by Mexico and the United Kingdom. Exports to Japan, the state’s fifth leading market, fell by 72 percent from 2001 to 2004. This was also due to the drastic decline in processed food exports.

Processed foods 18.7%

Computers and electronic products 12.2%

Transportation equipment 33.1%

Machinery 10.3% Other 21.1%

Crops 7.0%

Table KS-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

5 005 4 530 300 175

4 988 4 484 366 139

4 553 4 149 282 123

4 931 4 453 390 88

100.0 90.3 7.9 1.8

-0.5 -0.6 9.2 -20.3

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Crop production (111) ............................................................

1 657 1 298 341 437 285

1 678 1 316 277 415 350

1 271 1 304 339 415 259

1 632 804 600 507 345

33.1 16.3 12.2 10.3 7.0

-0.5 -14.7 20.8 5.1 6.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Japan .....................................................................................

4 440 1 217 547 304 259 709

4 337 1 271 664 233 200 528

4 117 1 021 602 249 176 543

4 354 1 310 645 287 211 199

88.3 26.6 13.1 5.8 4.3 4.0

-0.6 2.5 5.6 -1.9 -6.7 -34.6

196

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table KS-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 65 476 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 46 650 618

2002

64 414 47 227 944

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

712

733

16.9 47.7 35.4

17.4 48.0 34.6

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

417 704 586 72 488

505 999 687 95 124

9 312 865 3 352 243 5 960 622 142 233

8 746 244 2 418 447 6 327 797 135 782

39.7 39.8 20.5

48.3 34.5 17.1

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

355 024 67.9

328 244 60.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

54.7

63.1

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $8.7 billion in 2002, the fifth highest amount in the nation, but less than the total reported in the previous farm census in 1997. Crop sales amounted to less than 28 percent of total sales. Kansas’s leading products were cattle, wheat, and corn. Just 17.4 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was among the lowest proportions of farms of this size in the country. Nonetheless, more than 48 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000, compared with 59.3 percent nationally. Just over 63 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person in Kansas were higher than the average, ranking 14th in the country. The state’s energy prices were slightly less than the U.S. average. Kansas ranked 15th in the nation for per capita consumption. Its main energy sources were petroleum and coal.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 500

Residential 20.6%

Trillion of Btu

400

Transportation 24.1%

300 200 100 0

Commercial 18.4%

-100 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 36.9%

Table KS-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

632 347 290.2

724 845 328.6

874 212 388.7

926 780 406.4

1 027 609 434.7

1 017 083 419.0

1 051 607 424.5

1 052 013 406.7

1 094 654 407.2

1 043 701 386.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.6 10.8 42.2 27.3

20.7 10.4 41.8 27.2

20.6 11.9 38.7 28.7

19.7 13.2 38.1 29.0

18.2 13.9 40.7 27.2

18.3 15.2 40.2 26.2

18.0 16.0 39.4 26.6

19.4 16.9 37.6 26.1

20.6 17.7 37.0 24.7

20.6 18.4 36.9 24.1

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

15 724 373 664 253 444 0 211 3 912 0 -14 607

15 282 440 802 278 035 0 140 3 358 0 -12 773

10 701 574 542 302 798 0 71 3 659 0 -17 560

62 280 490 748 385 589 0 48 5 763 0 -17 648

191 574 481 990 375 698 0 86 10 787 0 -32 526

259 501 354 756 400 672 40 960 93 10 283 0 -49 181

271 739 352 645 405 104 83 328 138 11 461 80 -72 887

289 714 367 750 358 909 105 723 116 10 873 179 -81 250

362 806 314 869 405 547 94 495 156 8 428 284 -91 931

354 632 273 849 390 967 108 102 260 7 767 710 -92 587

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

918 300 408

1 730 100 759

4 093 500 1 732

5 148 700 2 121

5 285 200 2 133

5 286 000 2 043

7 374 400 2 743

7 082 000 2 622

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.56 1.68 1.56 0.81 2.34

2.89 2.53 2.75 1.87 4.13

5.99 5.45 5.62 4.02 8.58

7.26 8.62 8.51 5.35 8.40

7.56 10.04 9.20 5.02 8.52

7.70 10.40 10.04 4.90 8.15

10.38 12.86 12.61 7.81 10.94

10.58 13.89 13.43 7.67 10.70

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

197

KANSAS

Table KS-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

5 283 676

100.0

1 931.2

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

57 554

1.1

21.0

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

2 723 152 1 932 927 790 225 87 637 121 827 428 985 124 586

51.5 36.6 15.0 1.7 2.3 8.1 2.4

995.3 706.5 288.8 32.0 44.5 156.8 45.5

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle ..............................................................................

274 619 47 170 161 497

5.2 0.9 3.1

100.4 17.2 59.0

134.9 21.6 59.4

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

2 228 351 1 915 530 166 609 48 064 98 148

42.2 36.3 3.2 0.9 1.9

814.5 700.1 60.9 17.6 35.9

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Kansas

2,000

Dollars

Kansas ranked 36th in the nation for both per capita state revenues and per capita expenditures in 2003. Spending was above average on highways and education and below average on public welfare. The state’s debt per person was $907, which was the third lowest in the nation. The U.S. average debt per person in 2003 was $2,405. In fiscal year 2004, tax collections per person amounted to $1,931, which was slightly below average. The largest tax source, general sales taxes, was followed closely by individual income taxes. Kansas’s individual income taxes ranked 22nd among the 43 states with such taxes. The state’s property taxes were below average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table KS-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

9 752 078 3 266 719 5 008 411 1 888 543 775 840 256 372 1 776 884 124 519 186 253 808 541 668 407

100.0 33.5 51.4 19.4 8.0 2.6 18.2 1.3 1.9 8.3 6.9

3 578.7 1 198.8 1 838.0 693.0 284.7 94.1 652.1 45.7 68.4 296.7 245.3

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

9 843 383 2 925 220 6 918 163

100.0 29.7 70.3

3 612.2 1 073.5 2 538.8

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 210 861 1 905 638 102 323 524 233 1 094 228 72 321 336 268 184 607 6 072 533 689 128 976 744 167

42.8 19.4 1.0 5.3 11.1 0.7 3.4 1.9 0.1 5.4 1.3 7.6

1 545.3 699.3 37.6 192.4 401.6 26.5 123.4 67.8 2.2 195.8 47.3 273.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 471 939

X

907.1

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

12 194 362

X

4 475.0

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

198

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KS-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 717

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

89.6 30.0

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

470 957 37.4 4.8 1 431 14.4 7 454

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

193 841 15 744 56.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Kansas 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Kansas has above average educational attainment levels. In 2004, 89.6 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had graduated from high school. Kansas was among 13 states and the District of Columbia with 30 percent or more of residents holding bachelor’s degrees or more. The state’s expenditures per student for K–12 public schools were below the U.S. average. Kansas’s student/teacher ratio of 14.4 was well below the national average of 15.9. The dropout rate of 3.1 percent ranked among the 10 lowest of the 46 states reporting data.

Voter turnout was well above the national average in 2000, but only slightly above the national average in 2004. The state voted overwhelmingly for the Republican presidential candidate in both elections. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 58 percent of eligible voters in Kansas in 2000 and 62 percent in 2004 voted for the Republican presidential candidate. More than 78 percent of eligible residents age 65 to 74 years reported voting in the 2004 election, while about 35 percent of persons age 18 to 24 years voted. Less than 22 percent of eligible Hispanics voted.

Table KS-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 908 927 981

1 861 904 958

97.5 97.5 97.6

1 293 600 693

67.7 64.7 70.6

1 148 528 620

60.2 57.0 63.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 990 970 1 019

1 851 896 955

93.1 92.4 93.7

1 338 633 704

67.2 65.3 69.1

1 188 554 633

59.7 57.1 62.1

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 768 1 649 99 73 132 1 803 1 682 102 73

1 671 1 624 97 34 55 1 706 1 657 100 34

94.5 98.5 B B 41.6 94.6 98.5 98.3 B

1 224 1 198 64 14 30 1 250 1 223 66 14

69.2 72.7 B B 22.7 69.3 72.7 64.3 B

1 101 1 076 53 11 28 1 117 1 091 54 11

62.2 65.3 B B 21.5 62.0 64.9 52.6 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

286 723 668 133 179

248 643 655 129 175

86.6 89.1 98.0 97.4 97.8

139 421 525 112 141

48.4 58.2 78.6 84.2 78.8

101 371 488 105 124

35.1 51.3 73.0 78.7 69.0

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

KENTUCKY At a Glance: • •

Kentucky’s population of over 4.2 million people ranked 26th in the nation in 2004. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 88.7 percent of the population. Hispanics (of any race) accounted for 1.9 percent of Kentucky’s residents, which was among the smallest proportions of this ethnic group in the nation. Kentucky’s median household income was among the five lowest in the nation, and the state’s poverty rate of 17.7 percent was the second highest in the country. The state’s unemployment rate was 5.3 percent in 2004, just below the national average, and real gross state product ranked 26th in the country. Among the population age 25 years and over, Kentucky ranked 44th for high school attainment and 48th for college attainment. Kentucky’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was the sixth highest in the country. The state’s property taxes were among the 10 highest in the nation.

• • • • •

Table KY-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 685 296 1.5

4 041 769 1.4

4 145 922 1.4

X X

0.6 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 785 235 1 900 061

1 975 368 2 066 401

2 033 894 2 112 028

49.1 50.9

0.7 0.5

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

250 871 703 223 705 186 2 731 202 399 989 1 159 182 466 845 46 367

265 901 728 917 3 046 951 401 858 1 210 773 929 527 504 793 58 261

266 614 713 573 3 165 735 412 635 1 189 512 1 044 261 519 327 59 024

6.4 17.2 76.4 10.0 28.7 25.2 12.5 1.4

0.3 0.1 1.1 0.2 0.2 2.9 0.8 1.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.9

35.9

37.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States 1.0

0.9

Kentucky

1.2

1.1 0.9 0.6

0.5 0.1 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Kentucky’s population increased by 2.6 percent over the 2000–2004 period, which was below the national average. In 2002, South Carolina overtook Kentucky to become the 25th most populous state in the nation, and that state’s population growth continues to outpace Kentucky’s. From 2000 to 2004, over 22,000 new residents moved to Kentucky from other states, and an additional 22,700 people moved in from other countries. While Kentucky had a below average proportion of its population under 18 years old, the state’s age distribution was fairly close to that of the nation as a whole. Kentucky had among the smallest proportions of Asian and Pacific Islander and American Indian populations.

199

200

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KY-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 685 296

4 041 769

4 145 922

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.7 7.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 ...

89.4 7.3 0.2 0.8 ... 0.8

88.7 7.4 0.2 0.9 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.6

1.5

1.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

12

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

9

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 6 Non-Hispanic Black 3 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, Kentucky’s health insurance coverage rate was well above the national average for all persons and for children. The state’s birth rate was below the U.S. average; however, its birth rate for teenage mothers was the 14th highest in the country.

Table KY-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

55 236 13.4 49.6

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.7

6.9

991.7 984.1 1 176.0 ... 427.8 843.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.3 8.4 6.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Kentucky

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table KY-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

40 021

991.7

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

15 157 9 334 2 279 1 973 1 157 1 169 941 833 792 607 519 537 378 359 248 206 177 84 62 77 63 78

378.3 227.3 56.5 48.2 28.5 29.6 24.1 20.2 19.8 15.1 12.5 12.9 9.0 8.7 5.9 5.0 4.4 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

KENTUCKY

201

Table KY-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 379 782 1 015 998 816 732 199 266 39 606 159 660 363 784 321 247 42 537

1 590 647 1 104 398 857 944 246 454 58 497 187 957 486 249 414 095 72 154

1 647 464 1 142 281 872 550 269 731 74 318 195 413 505 183 431 710 73 473

0.9 0.8 0.4 2.3 6.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.60 1 506 845 1 379 782 960 469 419 313

2.47 1 750 927 1 590 647 1 125 397 465 250

2.45 1 842 971 1 647 464 1 155 568 491 896

X 1.3 0.9 0.7 1.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

319 50 100

445 86 700

503 98 438

3.1 3.2

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000

750

Dollars

Dollars

Kentucky 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Kentucky

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table KY-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

35 643 37 929 38 615 41 016 39 779

17.7 14.4 14.2 12.6 12.6

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 242 41 956 39 260 38 853 36 692 33 530 31 380 30 987 32 141 34 727

12.1 13.5 15.9 17.0 14.7 18.5 20.4 19.7 18.8 17.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

34 252 30 543 32 874 32 680 29 069 30 590 ... ... ... ...

16.1 17.6 17.3 17.7 19.4 19.1 17.9 16.2 19.3 19.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

202

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KY-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 194 237 256 539 636 566 432 526

1 977 113 197 427 517 426 225 73

61.9 47.6 76.7 79.1 81.3 75.2 51.9 13.9

1 874 88 178 404 499 411 220 73

5.2 21.7 9.3 5.3 3.5 3.4 2.0 0.6

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 534 130 117 274 306 286 200 223

1 057 66 95 244 263 230 116 43

68.9 50.8 81.4 89.2 86.2 80.3 58.0 19.4

998 52 84 232 252 221 115 43

5.6 21.5 11.6 5.1 4.2 3.6 1.3 0.7

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 660 107 140 266 331 281 232

920 47 102 183 254 196 109

55.4 43.9 72.9 68.8 76.8 70.0 46.7

876 37 95 172 247 190 106

4.8 21.9 7.1 5.6 2.8 3.1 2.7

893 899 207

644 522 121

72.1 58.0 58.7

626 508 108

2.8 2.5 10.7

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 893 1 393 1 499

1 781 957 824

61.6 68.7 54.9

1 698 910 788

4.7 5.0 4.3

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

228 105 124

147 70 77

64.6 67.3 62.3

131 61 70

11.2 13.7 9.0

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

48

33

68.7

30

7.2

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

209 230 475 564 507 411 497

102 181 379 458 379 212 71

48.8 78.5 79.7 81.1 74.9 51.5 14.3

81 167 362 442 368 207 71

20.1 7.8 4.4 3.4 3.1 2.0 0.6

Black 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................

42 53 48

33 44 37

78.8 83.9 77.8

29 42 35

13.6 6.0 6.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table KY-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 973 944 1 979 004 1 949 646 1 957 166 1 953 154

1 870 249 1 856 204 1 838 151 1 854 296 1 870 819

103 695 122 800 111 495 102 870 82 335

5.3 6.2 5.7 5.3 4.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 944 384 1 920 292 1 912 591 1 880 267 1 860 896 1 829 325 1 804 000 1 782 402 1 770 336 1 747 605

1 854 270 1 832 775 1 809 785 1 777 259 1 757 111 1 729 483 1 689 100 1 658 511 1 639 343 1 640 875

90 114 87 517 102 806 103 008 103 785 99 842 114 900 123 891 130 993 106 730

4.6 4.6 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.5 6.4 7.0 7.4 6.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Kentucky

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

KENTUCKY

203

Table KY-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 305 386 111 347 2 194 039 1 845 278 17 529 23 283 7 333 137 491 299 516 190 636 108 880 78 547 265 399 99 143 37 305 79 808 56 171 91 311 14 440 106 053 30 756 210 763 30 031 142 582 117 817 348 761

2 292 088 111 224 2 180 864 1 834 001 17 320 22 855 6 881 131 159 282 327 177 634 104 693 77 352 263 425 96 864 35 173 82 655 56 518 91 384 14 350 108 637 31 601 218 196 31 125 143 172 123 007 346 863

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

29 334 13 308 29 476 29 526 20 201 45 204 61 052 32 785 38 009 39 413 35 555 40 192 19 030 39 212 35 098 40 224 23 806 41 998 64 192 18 407 17 816 30 454 17 166 12 200 19 764 29 260

30 303 16 898 30 419 30 279 20 182 45 770 56 777 33 281 39 597 41 056 37 123 41 302 19 726 39 677 35 275 41 733 25 034 42 082 68 690 19 546 18 293 31 348 18 047 12 695 20 403 31 032

2 306 485 113 070 2 193 415 1 845 373 15 966 22 696 6 654 134 508 273 103 169 831 103 272 78 467 263 385 95 585 34 268 83 950 59 206 91 959 14 215 110 955 33 019 224 361 31 340 146 837 124 899 348 042

2 332 983 110 577 2 222 406 1 875 791 15 867 23 623 6 586 135 605 271 133 169 373 101 760 80 221 265 818 96 516 32 971 86 022 61 516 93 105 15 856 118 548 34 272 227 380 32 283 152 233 126 236 346 615

0.4 -0.2 0.4 0.5 -3.3 0.5 -3.5 -0.5 -3.3 -3.9 -2.2 0.7 0.1 -0.9 -4.0 2.5 3.1 0.7 3.2 3.8 3.7 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.3 -0.2

32 517 15 801 32 694 32 430 22 274 48 507 58 288 34 456 43 152 44 832 40 361 44 953 20 897 43 805 37 946 46 212 26 838 45 121 73 876 20 472 19 812 33 728 19 514 12 912 22 086 33 864

3.5 5.9 3.5 3.2 3.3 2.4 -1.5 1.7 4.3 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.2 3.8 2.6 4.7 4.1 2.4 4.8 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.4 1.9 3.8 5.0

Dollars 31 229 14 168 31 415 31 197 20 284 46 259 56 745 34 129 41 316 42 877 38 755 42 419 20 344 41 679 35 725 44 061 25 784 43 147 70 841 19 946 18 942 32 228 19 171 12 708 21 323 32 365

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The unemployment rate increased significantly as a result of the 2001 recession. However, by 2004, it was below the national average and about in line with those of its neighboring states. (Ohio and Illinois, which had higher rates, were exceptions.) The government sector was Kentucky’s largest employer, followed by manufacturing, retail trade, and health care services. Total wage and salary employment recovered slowly from the 2001 recession. Government employment declined between 2001 and 2004. Information and manufacturing (particularly durable goods) were hardest hit, as 2004 employment levels in these sectors remained below those of 2001. Average wages and salaries in Kentucky were markedly lower than the national average across most industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.9% Government and government enterprises Manufacturing 40.0%

11.6%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance

11.4%

Accommodation and food services Construction

5.8%

6.5%

9.7%

Other

204

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KY-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

23 488 17 000 3 638 2 851 396 2 455 2 064 28 21 453 4 059 4 453 29 965 29 422 543

42 475 30 977 6 944 4 555 845 3 710 4 677 -101 37 697 10 361 8 968 57 026 55 992 1 034

73 872 54 278 11 865 7 730 1 240 6 490 8 182 -719 64 972 17 137 16 736 98 845 97 416 1 430

75 456 55 816 12 327 7 314 700 6 614 8 478 -976 66 002 17 191 18 153 101 346 100 405 942

77 534 57 006 14 001 6 527 -151 6 678 8 808 -1 054 67 672 16 449 19 498 103 619 103 477 142

81 228 58 872 15 745 6 612 19 6 592 9 124 -1 323 70 782 15 810 20 097 106 688 106 358 330

85 485 61 792 16 315 7 378 225 7 152 9 590 -1 436 74 458 16 502 21 606 112 566 112 001 564

3.7 3.3 8.3 -1.2 -34.7 2.5 4.1 X 3.5 -0.9 6.6 3.3 3.5 -20.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 178

15 437

24 412

24 914

25 335

25 907

27 151

2.7

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Kentucky

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) grew at a rate slightly above the national average during its recovery from the 2001 recession. However, GSP grew at a below average rate from 2003 to 2004. The sectors with the highest rates of growth from 2001 to 2004 were information, administrative and waste services, and retail trade. Kentucky’s largest sector in 2004 was manufacturing, which accounted for 22.3 percent of the GSP. Agriculture, mining, and construction have fared poorly since 2000. There was appreciation in housing prices in some areas of the state, primarily in areas associated with horse farm estates; however, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Kentucky remained well below the national average.

Table KY-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

111 576 1.3

114 350 1.3

116 689 1.2

112 737 1.2

113 530 1.2

116 269 1.2

120 508 1.2

125 021 1.2

3.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

95 725 1 603 2 078 1 784 5 168 30 733 27.5 5 557 7 251 4 476 2 221 4 195 9 146 21 568 19.3 3 923 1 571 2 146 488 7 595 586 2 764 2 495 15 873 14.2

98 570 1 599 2 257 1 767 5 216 30 930 27.0 6 322 7 578 4 870 2 361 4 227 9 322 22 111 19.3 4 148 1 493 2 217 502 7 622 598 2 947 2 584 15 784 13.8

100 810 1 600 2 352 1 793 5 241 30 550 26.2 6 644 7 857 5 217 2 477 4 386 9 907 22 786 19.5 4 415 1 469 2 337 522 7 927 623 2 920 2 573 15 876 13.6

97 146 2 274 2 232 1 795 5 120 25 046 22.2 6 668 8 081 5 386 2 659 4 753 10 097 23 037 20.4 4 762 1 449 2 348 549 7 843 634 2 917 2 535 15 591 13.8

97 983 1 798 2 300 1 715 4 987 24 245 21.4 7 170 8 430 5 318 2 974 5 502 10 626 22 959 20.2 4 843 1 200 2 236 554 8 199 631 2 883 2 413 15 547 13.7

100 469 1 597 2 303 1 730 4 724 25 244 21.7 7 392 9 005 5 415 3 157 5 637 10 686 23 686 20.4 4 920 1 248 2 444 551 8 514 670 2 949 2 390 15 804 13.6

103 728 1 725 2 181 1 814 4 777 26 519 22.0 7 236 9 483 5 803 3 293 5 871 10 713 24 484 20.3 5 274 1 264 2 546 538 8 771 679 2 975 2 437 16 762 13.9

107 601 1 505 2 091 1 856 4 681 27 867 22.3 7 616 9 912 6 052 3 591 6 312 10 988 25 441 20.3 5 450 1 391 2 703 542 8 987 691 3 097 2 580 17 396 13.9

3.2 -5.8 -3.1 2.7 -2.1 4.8 X 2.0 5.5 4.4 6.5 4.7 1.1 3.5 X 4.0 5.0 6.5 -0.7 3.1 3.1 2.4 2.3 3.8 X

X = Not applicable.

KENTUCKY

205

Table KY-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 200

8 475

15 778

17 069

18 460

19 060

20 546

6.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 165 1 805 110 50 200

4 123 3 658 170 128 168

6 686 6 205 211 146 123

7 054 6 581 218 138 118

7 411 6 936 228 130 116

7 724 7 249 234 127 114

8 045 7 568 238 132 107

4.7 5.1 3.0 -2.5 -3.4

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

767 443 314 10

2 675 1 543 1 076 56

6 439 3 065 3 309 65

7 007 3 401 3 514 92

7 631 3 645 3 860 126

7 677 3 865 3 699 112

8 764 4 252 4 381 131

8.0 8.5 7.3 19.1

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

594 163 139 222 69

1 022 350 184 345 143

1 764 758 137 337 532

1 861 797 148 360 556

2 032 822 142 421 647

2 228 838 141 501 748

2 399 876 149 563 812

8.0 3.7 2.1 13.7 11.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

341

213

290

453

643

646

499

14.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

268

319

424

447

493

532

571

7.7

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

64

121

168

230

243

246

258

11.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

2

8

16

7

8

11

6.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Kentucky’s exports ranked 19th in the nation, with a total value of nearly $13 billion. Total exports increased nearly 43 percent from 2001 to 2004. The state’s chief export product was transportation equipment, followed by chemical and machinery manufactures. Exports of computers and electronic products recovered somewhat in 2004; however, they remained well below their 2001 value. Canada was the top market for Kentucky’s exports, receiving over 35 percent of the state’s exported goods. In 2004, France became the second leading market for Kentucky’s exports. Transportation equipment made up more than 88 percent of exports to France.

Chemicals 17.8% Transportation equipment 37.3% Machinery 9.0% Computers and electronic products 7.7% Fabricated metal products 3.0%

Other 25.2%

Table KY-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

9 048 8 433 449 167

10 607 10 146 307 153

10 734 10 039 527 167

12 992 12 489 305 197

100.0 96.1 2.4 1.5

12.8 14.0 -12.0 5.8

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

3 036 1 341 747 1 132 302

4 466 1 766 824 827 330

3 707 2 017 917 740 341

4 852 2 314 1 163 999 394

37.3 17.8 9.0 7.7 3.0

16.9 19.9 15.9 -4.1 9.2

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. France .................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ...................................................................................

8 201 2 954 432 802 838 434

9 871 3 652 795 824 1 003 469

10 054 3 424 741 850 983 518

12 308 4 633 1 084 959 865 786

94.7 35.7 8.3 7.4 6.7 6.1

14.5 16.2 35.9 6.1 1.0 21.9

206

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table KY-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 91 198 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 13 940 180

2002

86 541 13 843 706

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

153

160

35.7 58.9 5.4

34.8 59.6 5.6

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

222 914 1 470 32 604

294 056 1 824 41 458

3 158 783 1 610 935 1 547 847 34 637

3 080 080 1 110 209 1 969 871 35 591

58.9 34.8 6.3

67.3 26.8 5.9

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

58 730 27.6

94 053 26.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

39.5

54.2

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Although Kentucky had a large number of horse farms with sizable acreage, cash receipts from farming totaled only about $3 billion, the 28th highest in the nation. Crops made up about 36 percent of total sales. In 2002, over two-thirds of the farms had receipts of less than $10,000. Horses, tobacco, and cattle were Kentucky’s chief products. Only 5.6 percent of farms spanned 500 acres or more, which was among the smallest proportions of large farms in the nation. The average farm in Kentucky was 160 acres, compared with the national average of 441 acres. ENERGY Kentucky’s energy prices per million Btu were among the lowest in the nation. However, the state’s energy expenditures per person of $2,709 ranked 12th in the nation. The state’s per capita consumption ranked sixth in the country in 2001. Coal was the leading energy source, followed by petroleum. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

1,500

Residential 18.0%

Trillion of Btu

1,200

Transportation 23.9%

900 600 300 0 Commercial 13.1%

-300 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 45.0%

Table KY-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

824 101 271.3

905 928 288.5

1 116 534 346.7

1 293 836 373.1

1 399 146 382.2

1 332 836 360.7

1 494 862 405.6

1 786 151 463.3

1 877 796 464.6

1 879 463 462.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

16.4 6.3 58.6 18.6

16.0 6.6 56.2 21.2

19.1 9.0 48.5 23.4

17.5 10.0 50.2 22.3

18.6 11.8 46.4 23.2

20.0 12.0 44.0 24.0

18.4 11.9 44.5 25.2

18.4 11.5 46.4 23.6

18.6 13.2 44.7 23.5

18.0 13.1 45.0 23.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

286 738 153 807 201 268 0 28 333 22 418 0 131 538

415 492 176 734 262 060 0 25 760 21 678 0 4 205

527 054 252 265 369 314 0 33 303 23 719 0 -89 122

558 334 209 199 429 923 0 36 035 30 821 0 29 523

641 685 204 104 516 302 0 30 538 19 649 0 -13 131

716 929 177 685 451 652 0 30 727 35 991 0 -80 149

803 502 191 707 507 091 0 32 874 16 738 240 -57 290

929 390 245 578 597 287 0 35 303 16 499 404 -38 310

997 627 234 180 699 774 0 23 713 10 815 601 -88 914

1 010 706 216 707 704 310 0 39 226 9 685 676 -101 846

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 305 300 405

2 706 700 780

6 217 500 1 698

6 789 100 1 838

7 342 400 1 992

8 171 200 2 120

10 995 100 2 720

11 017 800 2 709

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.66 1.84 1.54 1.01 2.58

3.26 3.19 2.54 2.64 4.34

6.74 6.84 5.92 5.24 8.82

7.92 9.94 7.83 6.90 8.19

7.81 10.23 9.67 5.65 8.70

7.28 10.06 9.18 4.97 8.37

9.22 11.90 10.67 6.46 10.96

9.29 13.07 11.72 6.61 10.36

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

207

KENTUCKY

Table KY-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

8 463 400

100.0

2 041.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

455 460

5.4

109.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

4 006 307 2 466 033 1 540 274 79 104 331 903 476 605 616 337

47.3 29.1 18.2 0.9 3.9 5.6 7.3

966.3 594.8 371.5 19.1 80.0 115.0 148.7

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

542 480 198 245 205 314 85 419

6.4 2.3 2.4 1.0

130.8 47.8 49.5 20.6

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

3 459 153 2 819 393 381 538 67 679 187 109

40.9 33.3 4.5 0.8 2.2

834.3 680.0 92.0 16.3 45.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Kentucky

2,000

Dollars

Kentucky ranked 22nd in the nation for both per capita expenditures and per capita revenue. Both of these dollar figures were above the U.S. averages. Expenditures on highway and public spending were above average on a per capita basis. The state’s taxes per person in fiscal year 2004 amounted to $2,041, just above the U.S. average. The largest share of revenue was derived from individual income taxes, followed by general sales taxes. Kentucky’s property taxes ranked 9th in the nation among the 37 states with such taxes. The state’s debt per capita was $1,726, which ranked 36th in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table KY-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

16 525 770 5 330 212 8 318 707 2 387 206 1 496 639 536 797 2 813 947 369 572 714 546 1 645 971 1 230 880

100.0 32.3 50.3 14.4 9.1 3.2 17.0 2.2 4.3 10.0 7.4

4 013.1 1 294.4 2 020.1 579.7 363.4 130.4 683.3 89.8 173.5 399.7 298.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

16 857 615 3 693 634 13 163 981

100.0 21.9 78.1

4 093.6 897.0 3 196.7

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 096 709 4 964 095 523 447 519 701 1 816 167 188 584 474 334 316 167 130 579 678 823 436 241 712 768

36.2 29.4 3.1 3.1 10.8 1.1 2.8 1.9 0.8 4.0 2.6 4.2

1 480.5 1 205.5 127.1 126.2 441.0 45.8 115.2 76.8 31.7 164.8 105.9 173.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

7 108 634

X

1 726.2

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

32 921 671

X

7 994.6

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

208

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table KY-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 2 754

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

81.8 21.0

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

660 782 ... 1.3 1 381 16.1 6 661

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.0

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

227 268 16 254 59.4

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Kentucky

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Kentucky’s educational attainment rates were among the lowest in the nation. In 2004, only 81.8 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had graduated from high school, ranking 44th in the nation. The state ranked 48th in the country for college attainment, as just 21 percent of its residents held bachelor’s degrees or more. Despite having a lower than average proportion of student-age population, Kentucky’s student/teacher ratio was above the U.S. average and ranked 16th in the nation. The state’s public school expenditures per student were $6,661, which was well below the U.S. average of $8,041. Kentucky’s dropout rate of 4 percent was close to the median of the 46 states reporting data.

Voter turnout was below the national average in 2000, but significantly above the national average in 2004. The proportion of women voting increased 10 percentage points from 2000 to 2004. Persons age 45 to 74 years had the highest voter participation rates, with a turnout of over 70 percent. More than 53 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years reported voting in the 2004 election. Nationally, just 41.9 percent of this age group voted in 2004. Blacks had a voter turnout of about 68 percent, which was above the non-Hispanic White participation rate of less than 64 percent. The Republican presidential ticket took 56.5 percent of the vote in 2000, and 59.5 percent of the vote in 2004.

Table KY-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 996 1 398 1 597

2 918 1 356 1 562

97.4 97.0 97.8

2 087 963 1 125

69.7 68.8 70.4

1 645 760 886

54.9 54.3 55.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 042 1 454 1 588

2 969 1 407 1 562

97.6 96.8 98.4

2 231 1 039 1 192

73.3 71.5 75.1

1 930 884 1 046

63.4 60.8 65.9

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 775 2 736 204 27 44 2 799 2 760 205 27

2 729 2 709 198 6 20 2 754 2 733 200 6

98.4 99.0 97.2 B B 98.4 99.0 97.2 B

2 041 2 024 158 6 18 2 061 2 044 158 6

73.6 74.0 77.3 B B 73.6 74.0 76.8 B

1 765 1 749 140 6 16 1 778 1 763 140 6

63.6 63.9 68.5 B B 63.5 63.9 68.0 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

362 1 147 1 012 296 224

346 1 098 1 006 296 222

95.5 95.8 99.4 100.0 99.3

229 778 811 243 171

63.1 67.8 80.1 82.0 76.2

193 686 710 216 126

53.1 59.8 70.1 72.8 56.2

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

LOUISIANA At a Glance: •

The population of Louisiana was just over 4.5 million in 2004, ranking it as the 24th most populous state in the nation. However, since Hurricane Katrina struck in August 2005, the demographic and economic profile of the state has been dramatically impacted. Therefore, the data in State Profiles provide a portrait of Louisiana prior to the hurricane. Data from 2005 and beyond may show an entirely different picture of the state. In 2004, the population of Louisiana was 61.8 percent non-Hispanic White and nearly 33 percent Black, giving the state the third highest proportion of this racial group in the country. The median household income in Louisiana was well below the national average in 2004, reflecting earnings trends throughout the Gulf region. Louisiana’s poverty rate was the fourth highest in the nation. Among persons age 25 years and over, Louisiana ranked 50th for the proportion of its population with a high school diploma and 45th for the proportion with a bachelor’s degree or more. Louisiana’s age-adjusted mortality rate for all causes of death was the third highest in the nation.

• •

• •

Table LA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 219 973 1.7

4 468 976 1.6

4 515 770 1.5

X X

0.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 031 386 2 188 587

2 162 903 2 306 073

2 193 983 2 321 787

48.6 51.4

0.4 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

334 650 892 619 749 344 2 992 704 464 511 1 309 858 468 991 43 633

317 392 902 407 3 249 177 473 801 1 293 128 965 319 516 929 58 676

323 991 840 970 3 350 809 503 192 1 239 938 1 080 035 527 644 60 321

7.2 18.6 74.2 11.1 27.5 23.9 11.7 1.3

-0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.5 -0.4 2.7 0.9 2.5

Median age (years) ................................................................

30.9

34.0

34.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States 1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1

Louisiana

0.6 0.5 0.3 0.0

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

A sizable proportion of the resident population evacuated in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita; consequently, accurate estimates for Louisiana and the other Gulf States will remain difficult to ascertain for some time. Although some signs favor the return of many of its residents, this is by no means certain. The widespread devastation, uncertainties of future protection from strong hurricane forces, and difficulties in streamlining insurance reimbursements and obtaining financing for rebuilding destroyed properties will all influence future population movements. Before the storms, Louisiana’s population had been growing quite slowly, increasing just 1.0 percent from 2000 to 2004.

209

210

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table LA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 219 973

4 468 976

4 515 770

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

65.8 30.6 0.4 1.0 0.5 ...

62.7 32.4 0.5 1.3 ... 0.7

61.8 32.8 0.6 1.4 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.2

2.4

2.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

40

American Indian, Alaska Native

30

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 20 Non-Hispanic Black 10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Although health insurance coverage in Louisiana expanded to more residents in recent years, it remained low in comparison to most other states. Louisiana’s infant mortality rate was the third highest in the nation. The teenage birth rate was among the 10 highest in the nation. Table LA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

65 040 14.5 56.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

9.8

6.9

1 002.7 940.0 1 205.9 ... 492.2 539.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.2 8.0 6.8

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Louisiana

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table LA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

41 626

1 002.7

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

14 919 9 453 1 714 2 050 1 734 956 960 957 965 785 487 816 353 385 221 582 140 385 144 111 119 103

364.8 225.9 41.8 46.8 41.7 23.8 24.3 21.4 23.5 19.2 11.1 18.2 8.2 8.8 5.1 12.8 3.4 8.9 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

LOUISIANA

211

Table LA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 499 269 1 089 882 803 282 286 600 52 471 234 129 409 387 356 060 53 327

1 656 053 1 156 438 809 498 346 940 71 865 275 075 499 615 419 200 80 415

1 713 680 1 170 815 803 838 366 977 76 662 290 315 542 865 457 447 85 418

0.9 0.3 -0.2 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.1 2.2 1.5

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.74 1 716 241 1 499 269 987 919 511 350

2.62 1 847 181 1 656 053 1 125 135 530 918

2.56 1 919 859 1 713 680 1 134 672 579 008

X 1.0 0.9 0.2 2.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

352 58 000

466 85 000

540 95 910

3.8 3.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000

750

Dollars

Dollars

Louisiana 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Louisiana

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table LA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

36 440 34 408 35 722 35 558 33 694

16.7 17.0 17.5 16.2 17.2

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

37 013 36 728 39 035 36 275 34 402 32 372 33 872 33 565 34 217 31 399

19.2 19.1 16.3 20.5 19.7 25.7 26.4 24.5 19.0 23.6

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 631 31 449 33 949 34 351 35 462 32 785 ... ... ... ...

23.3 22.8 25.1 22.0 18.1 20.6 21.5 22.7 22.0 20.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

212

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table LA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 377 262 372 570 607 619 432 516

2 058 90 257 444 475 481 251 60

60.9 34.2 68.9 78.0 78.3 77.8 58.1 11.7

1 934 71 229 415 458 461 241 59

6.0 21.2 10.6 6.6 3.5 4.3 4.0 1.7

Men ....................................................... 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 589 184 274 275 293 216

1 075 138 243 235 251 137

67.7 74.9 88.6 85.5 85.8 63.2

1 008 122 226 228 242 130

6.3 12.0 6.8 3.1 3.6 4.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 788 124 188 296 332 326 215

982 50 118 202 240 230 114

54.9 40.6 63.0 68.1 72.2 70.6 53.0

926 42 108 189 230 219 111

5.7 17.1 9.0 6.4 3.9 5.0 2.9

862 846 290

640 466 197

74.3 55.1 68.2

623 451 183

2.6 3.2 7.3

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 305 1 119 1 186

1 434 796 639

62.2 71.1 53.8

1 372 760 612

4.4 4.5 4.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 015 448 568

594 268 325

58.5 60.0 57.3

533 237 296

10.3 11.7 9.1

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

69

48

69.7

46

5.6

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

158 229 384 403 427 306 398

60 168 306 328 334 190 47

38.0 73.4 79.8 81.5 78.3 62.1 11.8

52 156 293 319 321 185 46

14.0 7.4 4.2 2.8 3.9 3.0 2.1

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

136 177 198 181 112

86 133 144 138 52

63.6 75.3 72.5 76.7 46.0

71 117 137 131 47

17.1 12.5 5.1 5.4 8.5

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table LA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

15.0 2 057 526 2 042 390 2 022 326 2 029 738 2 028 123

1 940 315 1 914 550 1 902 957 1 921 056 1 927 360

117 211 127 840 119 369 108 682 100 763

5.7 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 022 162 2 027 265 2 004 792 1 980 714 1 950 958 1 931 434 1 878 274 1 940 080 1 922 022 1 877 388

1 926 732 1 918 907 1 890 102 1 855 474 1 820 359 1 785 654 1 738 570 1 787 541 1 789 796 1 767 306

95 430 108 358 114 690 125 240 130 599 145 780 139 704 152 539 132 226 110 082

4.7 5.3 5.7 6.3 6.7 7.5 7.4 7.9 6.9 5.9

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

United States 12.0 Louisiana

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

LOUISIANA

213

Table LA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 409 298 37 436 2 371 862 1 963 544 22 574 58 655 10 211 170 565 178 444 91 138 87 306 83 188 272 071 91 750 34 619 86 297 73 859 114 990 23 325 118 110 39 689 225 106 55 347 167 281 137 463 408 318

2 411 642 37 132 2 374 510 1 961 047 24 656 54 350 10 275 164 013 167 313 84 704 82 609 83 219 271 062 90 488 32 874 88 642 74 295 116 562 23 627 119 734 41 659 232 176 55 113 167 714 143 275 413 463

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 548 19 438 28 590 28 879 25 013 55 071 53 419 32 207 41 718 36 379 47 226 37 780 18 772 37 218 36 866 36 857 29 497 42 384 46 180 19 159 22 820 27 322 22 938 12 534 19 243 27 447

29 491 19 633 29 536 29 618 25 309 55 342 55 108 33 032 43 942 38 377 49 586 38 543 19 491 38 001 37 836 37 430 29 555 42 523 47 405 20 561 23 822 28 355 24 383 12 935 19 816 29 220

2 435 031 34 006 2 401 025 1 985 181 22 002 55 363 10 129 168 452 161 644 81 700 79 944 81 957 270 774 90 313 33 588 90 097 77 576 119 061 22 722 122 386 43 735 241 972 53 867 174 111 145 432 415 844

2 462 290 34 498 2 427 792 2 010 348 21 292 54 013 9 967 167 064 158 261 80 924 77 337 82 184 272 732 89 238 34 180 91 338 80 760 123 209 22 998 126 842 45 786 247 672 55 125 179 820 147 867 417 444

0.7 -2.7 0.8 0.8 -1.9 -2.7 -0.8 -0.7 -3.9 -3.9 -4.0 -0.4 0.1 -0.9 -0.4 1.9 3.0 2.3 -0.5 2.4 4.9 3.2 -0.1 2.4 2.5 0.7

31 334 22 259 31 367 31 267 26 337 59 993 61 947 34 200 47 739 41 988 53 694 41 757 20 524 40 455 37 811 39 895 31 345 44 341 50 324 23 065 24 133 29 974 26 844 13 418 21 445 31 751

3.2 4.6 3.1 2.7 1.7 2.9 5.1 2.0 4.6 4.9 4.4 3.4 3.0 2.8 0.8 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.9 6.4 1.9 3.1 5.4 2.3 3.7 5.0

Dollars 30 271 17 667 30 315 30 233 26 272 57 676 56 955 33 077 45 397 39 829 51 020 39 849 20 146 38 673 36 595 38 287 30 273 43 171 47 731 21 821 23 550 28 854 26 304 13 112 20 615 30 630

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Louisiana’s unemployment rate was above the national average in recent years, despite being lower than the rates of its neighbors, Mississippi and Texas, in 2004. Employment was concentrated in the government sector, followed by retail trade, health care, tourism-related sectors (accommodation and food services), and construction. Over the 2001–2004 period, wage and salary employment grew slowly. The manufacturing sector lost jobs during this time, but health care, real estate, and other service sectors helped offset this decline. Average wages and salaries were below the national averages for most industries, but the rate of growth of earnings somewhat outpaced the national averages in many industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004 Government and government enterprises 17.0%

41.4%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance 11.1% Accommodation and food services 10.1%

6.4%

7.3%

Construction Manufacturing

6.8% Other

214

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table LA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

30 869 23 669 4 441 2 759 43 2 716 2 595 -339 27 934 4 857 4 276 37 067 36 905 162

47 414 34 491 7 423 5 501 209 5 292 4 569 -119 42 726 11 456 9 870 64 052 63 681 371

75 415 55 572 11 521 8 322 306 8 015 7 380 -260 67 775 17 700 17 676 103 151 102 660 490

80 392 58 061 12 187 10 143 255 9 888 7 845 -139 72 408 17 429 20 420 110 256 109 800 456

82 707 59 571 13 747 9 389 23 9 366 8 138 -130 74 439 16 539 21 732 112 709 112 489 220

86 874 61 344 15 121 10 409 507 9 902 8 400 -164 78 310 15 999 21 867 116 176 115 533 643

91 176 63 861 16 104 11 211 429 10 782 8 746 -140 82 290 16 597 24 026 122 913 122 304 609

4.9 3.5 8.7 7.7 8.8 7.7 4.3 X 5.0 -1.6 8.0 4.5 4.5 5.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 777

15 173

23 078

24 685

25 175

25 853

27 219

4.2

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Louisiana

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) experienced declines following the 2001 recession and did not recover until 2004. The GSP growth rate of 2.2 percent was well below the national average. The state’s share of the U.S. gross product fell from 1.5 percent in 1999 to 1.2 percent in 2004. Information, administrative and waste services, finance and insurance, and real estate had the highest rates of growth over the 2001–2004 period. While housing prices rose substantially in some pockets of the state, overall appreciation was below the national average from 2000 to 2004. The median value of owner-occupied housing was among the lowest 10 in 2004.

Table LA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

128 936 1.5

136 213 1.5

139 382 1.5

134 755 1.4

132 355 1.3

130 596 1.3

130 733 1.3

133 607 1.2

0.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

113 597 1 217 17 048 3 197 6 430 17 932 13.9 6 380 8 229 4 626 2 407 4 568 11 340 28 021 21.7 5 529 1 884 3 026 843 8 502 1 562 3 569 3 106 15 311 11.9

120 433 982 23 950 3 184 6 979 17 985 13.2 7 014 8 614 4 781 2 604 4 679 11 706 27 996 20.6 5 570 1 784 3 040 911 8 211 1 436 3 735 3 309 15 771 11.6

123 557 1 131 25 137 3 214 6 468 19 357 13.9 6 848 8 820 4 738 2 711 4 807 11 983 28 587 20.5 5 700 1 725 3 071 931 8 185 2 041 3 823 3 111 15 840 11.4

118 914 1 122 23 010 3 537 6 089 16 671 12.4 6 646 8 893 4 847 2 911 4 810 12 407 27 968 20.8 5 565 1 555 2 796 915 8 160 1 986 3 894 3 097 15 840 11.8

116 487 1 098 21 943 3 584 5 756 13 208 10.0 7 254 9 640 4 900 3 367 4 823 12 513 28 539 21.6 5 844 1 900 2 780 914 8 218 2 091 3 820 2 972 15 869 12.0

114 326 1 079 15 712 3 841 5 465 14 264 10.9 7 536 10 259 4 956 3 591 5 041 13 169 29 254 22.4 5 849 1 921 2 981 933 8 536 2 160 3 902 2 972 16 253 12.4

114 065 1 320 14 007 3 712 5 378 14 082 10.8 7 300 10 803 5 099 3 763 5 242 13 223 30 136 23.1 6 060 1 982 3 175 889 8 823 2 184 4 015 3 008 16 639 12.7

116 402 1 219 13 676 3 965 5 246 13 962 10.5 7 437 11 201 5 143 4 161 5 518 13 894 31 214 23.4 6 272 2 007 3 330 886 9 091 2 193 4 202 3 233 17 164 12.8

0.0 3.5 -14.6 3.4 -3.0 1.9 X 0.8 5.1 1.6 7.3 4.6 3.6 3.0 X 2.4 1.8 6.2 -1.0 3.4 1.6 3.2 2.8 2.6 X

X = Not applicable.

LOUISIANA

215

Table LA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

3 985

9 333

16 582

19 174

20 515

20 796

22 933

8.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 812 1 737 64 9 1

3 830 3 690 102 34 4

6 064 5 911 117 30 6

6 407 6 251 119 32 6

6 757 6 588 123 39 7

6 983 6 809 126 38 10

7 275 7 097 128 39 11

4.7 4.7 2.4 6.5 13.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

918 475 427 16

3 503 1 929 1 503 71

7 456 4 140 3 242 74

9 471 4 578 4 785 108

9 884 4 901 4 841 141

9 700 5 182 4 404 114

11 312 5 681 5 500 131

11.0 8.2 14.1 15.5

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

672 222 124 250 77

1 353 377 187 562 227

2 204 716 88 448 952

2 295 742 100 506 947

2 636 761 119 615 1 141

2 848 769 106 689 1 284

3 101 804 106 783 1 408

8.9 3.0 4.9 15.0 10.3

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

236

134

177

236

397

400

321

16.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

276

340

455

479

530

571

608

7.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

71

170

217

265

303

285

302

8.6

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

3

11

21

8

9

14

7.0

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, Louisiana was the 10th largest exporter in the country; however, this ranking may be overstated. As explained in the notes and definitions section of this book, data denote the transportation origin and not necessarily the state where the exported goods were actually grown or manufactured. Therefore, many products exported from the port of New Orleans were attributed to Louisiana, when they were actually produced by inland states along the Mississippi River. The leading export products reported were crops, chemical manufactures, and petroleum. Exports of petroleum and transportation equipment grew considerably from 2001 to 2004. Exports to China have tripled during this period. Louisiana’s other leading export markets were Japan, Mexico, and Canada.

Crops 46.4% Chemicals 22.5%

Other 9.6% Transportation Processed equipment foods 2.5% 9.3%

Petroleum and coal products 9.6%

Table LA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

16 589 8 809 7 661 120

17 567 8 748 8 701 118

18 390 8 819 9 481 90

19 922 10 318 9 438 166

100.0 51.8 47.4 0.8

6.3 5.4 7.2 11.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Crop production (111) ............................................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Petroleum and coal products (324) ........................................ Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

7 559 3 442 1 188 2 347 282

8 603 3 038 1 091 2 348 729

9 379 3 708 1 206 2 112 305

9 248 4 478 1 922 1 861 497

46.4 22.5 9.6 9.3 2.5

7.0 9.2 17.4 -7.4 20.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. South Korea ...........................................................................

12 700 2 137 683 1 524 1 028 550

13 464 2 521 768 1 632 1 037 548

14 652 2 482 2 117 1 776 1 247 626

15 616 2 361 2 194 1 949 1 434 729

78.4 11.8 11.0 9.8 7.2 3.7

7.1 3.4 47.6 8.5 11.7 9.9

216

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table LA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

30 425 8 367 843

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

275

286

39.5 46.6 13.9

41.2 44.9 13.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

338 828 1 236 54 406

444 007 1 534 64 379

2 142 630 1 457 793 684 837 70 423

1 815 803 1 065 611 750 192 66 239

65.2 20.3 14.5

66.5 21.0 12.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

72 271 30.0

123 599 27.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

43.8

54.0

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

27 413 7 830 664

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farm products totaled $1.8 billion in 2002, somewhat less than those reported on the 1997 farm census. Sales of livestock, poultry, and their products increased 17 percent, while crop sales fell about 27 percent. Total sales ranked 33rd in the nation. Cane sugar, poultry, cotton, and rice were Louisiana’s main products. Nearly two-thirds of farms had sales of less than $10,000. More than 41 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, a proportion that has increased since the 1997 census. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were the third highest in the nation, most likely due to the intensive use of petroleum and natural gas in the state’s manufacturing sector. However, Louisiana’s energy prices were the third lowest in the nation, behind only Alaska and North Dakota. The state’s per capita consumption level also ranked third in the nation. Louisiana’s industrial sector accounted for 61 percent of total consumption. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

2,000

Trillion of Btu

Residential 9.9%

Transportation 21.5%

1,500

1,000 Commercial 7.5%

500

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 61.0%

Table LA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

1 506 983 462.7

1 765 768 505.1

2 703 130 741.7

3 004 415 773.1

3 647 551 867.2

3 144 749 713.4

3 591 473 851.1

3 850 312 889.6

3 971 383 888.7

3 499 524 783.6

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

7.2 4.6 71.2 17.0

7.8 5.2 69.4 17.6

7.9 6.8 70.8 14.5

8.4 6.2 68.4 17.0

7.9 7.8 66.6 17.7

9.6 7.6 64.2 18.6

8.6 6.1 66.0 19.2

8.7 5.9 65.5 19.9

9.4 7.0 62.1 21.5

9.9 7.5 61.0 21.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

0 1 003 771 471 751 0 0 38 992 0 -7 531

0 1 156 449 569 766 0 0 38 299 0 1 253

0 1 894 224 766 484 0 0 41 620 0 801

0 1 854 766 1 101 146 0 0 42 358 0 6 145

2 456 1 862 179 1 588 977 0 0 72 378 0 121 560

159 097 1 441 820 1 229 769 26 102 0 77 861 0 210 101

208 868 1 654 692 1 380 984 150 230 6 829 121 134 186 68 549

216 823 1 737 257 1 507 998 164 812 9 819 143 024 336 70 242

253 270 1 625 863 1 645 034 164 734 5 430 137 550 515 138 988

240 000 1 339 493 1 491 376 181 128 7 450 129 999 563 109 515

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 702 600 467

4 098 700 1 055

11 333 400 2 695

12 837 800 2 912

13 307 500 3 154

13 055 100 3 016

20 178 500 4 515

18 026 000 4 036

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

0.95 2.27 1.62 0.48 1.97

2.04 3.29 2.89 1.40 3.28

4.54 7.71 5.54 3.32 6.87

6.47 12.89 13.09 4.80 7.19

5.86 14.50 14.95 4.00 6.87

5.20 14.72 15.35 3.30 6.27

7.68 17.04 16.28 5.75 8.37

8.19 18.31 17.67 6.02 8.45

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

217

LOUISIANA

Table LA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

8 025 507

100.0

1 777.1

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

39 739

0.5

8.8

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

4 610 512 2 680 716 1 929 796 53 422 524 119 342 353 560 769 101 040 320 206

57.4 33.4 24.0 0.7 6.5 4.3 7.0 1.3 4.0

1 020.9 593.6 427.3 11.8 116.1 75.8 124.2 22.4 70.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

429 068 186 912 114 090 76 956

5.3 2.3 1.4 1.0

95.0 41.4 25.3 17.0

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

2 946 188 2 187 050 236 745 45 784 476 609

36.7 27.3 2.9 0.6 5.9

652.4 484.3 52.4 10.1 105.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Louisiana

2,000

Dollars

Louisiana’s revenues of $4,067 per person were above the national average in 2003. However, the state’s per capita expenditures of $3,632 were below the U.S. average. Particularly low were expenditures per capita for public welfare. The state’s hospital expenditures were more than twice the national average. Louisiana’s taxes per person were lower than average. In fiscal year 2004, general sales receipts were the largest tax revenue source, followed by individual income taxes. Louisiana’s individual income tax per person ranked 38th in the nation. The state’s property taxes were well below the U.S. average. Debt per capita amounted to $2,175, which ranked 26th in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table LA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

18 276 111 6 501 978 7 449 507 2 488 627 1 886 110 426 741 1 867 150 198 716 582 163 2 362 867 1 961 759

100.0 35.6 40.8 13.6 10.3 2.3 10.2 1.1 3.2 12.9 10.7

4 066.8 1 446.8 1 657.7 553.8 419.7 95.0 415.5 44.2 129.5 525.8 436.5

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

16 323 015 4 329 053 11 993 962

100.0 26.5 73.5

3 632.2 963.3 2 668.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 235 015 2 800 278 1 507 432 418 057 1 142 621 262 317 619 414 393 305 240 501 614 142 570 949 1 518 984

38.2 17.2 9.2 2.6 7.0 1.6 3.8 2.4 1.5 3.8 3.5 9.3

1 387.4 623.1 335.4 93.0 254.2 58.4 137.8 87.5 53.5 136.7 127.0 338.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

9 773 279

X

2 174.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

36 968 929

X

8 226.3

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

218

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table LA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 2 758

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

78.7 22.4

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

730 464 61.4 1.7 1 522 14.4 6 922

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

7.0

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

238 102 21 182 60.7

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Louisiana

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Louisiana had very low high school and college attainment levels. Louisiana was one of three states with less than 80 percent of its residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. The state’s proportion of college graduates was 22.4 percent, which ranked among the seven lowest in the nation. Louisiana had an above average proportion of school-age population, and its per student expenditures were below the U.S. average. The state also had one of the highest proportion of students who attended private schools. More than 61 percent of Louisiana students were eligible for free or reducedprice lunch. Louisiana had the fifth highest reported dropout rate (7 percent) in the nation.

Louisiana had above average voter turnout in both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, the participation rates of men and women were nearly identical, with about 63 percent of each group turning out to vote. In the 2000 election, 66 percent of eligible women and 63 percent of eligible men voted. Nationally, women had a higher turnout rate than men. Nearly 78 percent of eligible persons age 65 to 74 years voted, while just 46 percent of the population age 18 to 24 years voted. In 2000, 52.6 percent of eligible voters cast their ballots for the Republican presidential ticket; this proportion increased to 57.6 percent in 2004.

Table LA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 143 1 434 1 709

3 091 1 401 1 690

98.4 97.7 98.9

2 369 1 049 1 320

75.4 73.2 77.2

2 030 903 1 127

64.6 63.0 66.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 277 1 528 1 749

3 218 1 502 1 716

98.2 98.3 98.1

2 413 1 132 1 281

73.6 74.1 73.2

2 067 963 1 104

63.1 63.0 63.1

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 260 2 191 976 8 68 2 272 2 204 985 8

2 210 2 180 966 8 30 2 223 2 193 976 8

97.8 99.5 99.0 B B 97.8 99.5 99.0 B

1 697 1 678 693 2 19 1 709 1 690 703 2

75.1 76.6 71.1 B B 75.2 76.7 71.3 B

1 446 1 430 606 2 16 1 453 1 437 613 2

64.0 65.2 62.1 B B 64.0 65.2 62.2 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

495 1 206 1 105 229 242

481 1 160 1 105 229 242

97.2 96.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

288 898 848 187 192

58.1 74.5 76.7 81.6 79.4

227 779 741 178 142

46.0 64.6 67.0 77.9 58.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

MAINE At a Glance: •

Maine’s population in 2004 was just over 1.3 million, ranking it as the 40th most populous state in the nation. As with most of its New England neighbors, Maine’s population was predominately nonHispanic White—96.1 percent. This was the highest proportion of this racial group in the country. Median household income was below the national average, ranking 32nd in the country. Maine’s poverty rate of 11.6 percent was also below the national average. Maine’s unemployment rate was 4.6 percent, the 14th lowest in the country. Real gross state product was among the nation’s smallest, ranking 44th, but its economic growth from 2001 to 2004 was slightly above average. Maine had an above average proportion of its population age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas, but a below average proportion with bachelor’s degrees or more. The state ranked 40th in the nation for proportion of college graduates. In 2004, only 10 percent of the population lacked health insurance—the fourth lowest proportion in the nation.

• • • • •

•

Table ME-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 227 928 0.5

1 274 923 0.5

1 317 253 0.4

X X

0.8 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

597 850 630 078

620 309 654 614

643 143 674 110

48.8 51.2

0.9 0.7

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

85 722 223 280 233 201 918 926 123 772 398 580 163 373 18 226

70 726 230 512 973 685 103 903 370 597 315 783 183 402 23 316

67 628 214 501 1 035 124 124 451 350 442 370 480 189 751 25 091

5.1 16.3 78.6 9.4 26.6 28.1 14.4 1.9

-1.8 -0.3 0.9 0.0 -0.9 3.4 1.1 2.4

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.8

38.6

40.6

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.2 1.0

0.9

Maine

0.9

1.1 0.8

0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Maine’s population increase of 3.3 percent from 2000 to 2004 was slower than the national average. Its population growth was faster than Vermont’s, but considerably slower than New Hampshire’s. The proportion of the population under 18 years old was the third lowest in the nation, behind only the District of Columbia and West Virginia. In 2004, residents age 65 years and over represented 14.4 percent of the population, compared with 12.4 percent nationally. More than 80 percent of the state’s population growth during the 2000–2004 period was through in-migration from other states. Natural increase (births minus deaths) and international immigration only added small numbers to the state’s population.

219

220

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ME-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 227 928

1 274 923

1 317 253

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

98.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.1 ...

96.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 ... 0.8

96.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.6

0.7

0.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

4

American Indian, Alaska Native

3

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 2 Non-Hispanic Black 1 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Maine’s rate of health insurance coverage was well above the national average in 2004. The infant mortality rate was the third lowest in the nation. Maine’s birth rate matched Vermont’s as the lowest in the nation. The state’s age-adjusted death rates were close to the national averages. Table ME-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

13 855 10.6 24.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.1

6.9

847.9 845.3 773.1 ... 494.8 ...

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

10.0 5.8 3.2

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Maine

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table ME-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

12 490

847.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

4 409 3 107 786 469 386 307 483 186 205 126 160 99 117 100 97 16 80 14 16 24 21 13

294.9 211.4 53.1 34.8 26.2 20.3 31.8 14.2 13.7 8.5 12.0 7.3 8.1 7.7 6.8 1.2 5.4 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MAINE

221

Table ME-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

465 312 328 685 270 565 58 120 13 760 44 360 136 627 108 474 28 153

518 200 340 685 272 152 68 533 19 511 49 022 177 515 139 969 37 546

534 412 349 902 274 552 75 350 23 986 51 364 184 510 144 777 39 733

0.8 0.7 0.2 2.4 5.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.56 587 045 465 312 327 888 137 424

2.39 651 901 518 200 370 905 147 295

2.39 676 667 534 412 389 781 144 631

X 0.9 0.8 1.2 -0.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

419 87 300

497 98 700

582 143 182

4.0 9.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000

150,000

Dollars

Dollars

Maine

30,000 20,000

United States Maine

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table ME-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 363 38 110 38 710 39 069 40 877

11.6 11.6 13.4 10.3 10.1

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 050 41 248 38 462 41 590 41 675 38 222 35 321 39 077 37 692 38 489

10.6 10.4 10.1 11.2 11.2 9.4 15.4 13.5 14.1 13.1

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 517 40 509 37 528 38 517 34 357 35 725 ... ... ... ...

10.4 13.2 11.7 10.2 11.9 13.0 12.4 13.7 16.0 14.6

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

222

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ME-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 055 70 85 154 196 204 155 191

696 36 67 129 166 170 102 27

66.0 51.3 79.1 83.9 84.8 83.2 65.6 14.1

664 31 63 122 160 164 99 26

4.7 13.9 6.3 5.1 3.7 3.7 3.0 4.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

507 35 43 75 95 106 71 82

362 18 36 68 86 91 47 15

71.4 51.4 84.2 90.4 90.3 86.1 67.0 18.7

344 16 33 64 83 87 46 15

5.1 13.0 7.3 5.9 3.9 4.4 2.6 5.2

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

547 35 42 78 101 98 84 109

334 18 31 61 80 79 54 12

61.0 51.1 73.8 77.5 79.6 80.1 64.4 10.7

320 15 29 58 78 76 52 11

4.2 14.8 5.1 4.2 3.5 2.9 3.3 2.7

284 281 51

208 181 34

73.1 64.5 65.9

201 177 32

3.4 2.5 4.3

1 018 489 529

674 350 324

66.3 71.7 61.3

644 333 311

4.6 5.0 4.1

67 82 147 188 197 150 188

35 65 124 160 165 99 27

52.5 79.1 84.2 85.4 83.9 66.0 14.3

30 61 118 154 159 96 26

13.6 6.1 4.9 3.7 3.8 2.8 4.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women .................................................. RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table ME-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

699 342 694 313 684 691 676 291 674 395

667 223 659 579 654 522 649 955 651 183

32 119 34 734 30 169 26 336 23 212

4.6 5.0 4.4 3.9 3.4

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

667 673 657 415 658 153 651 669 638 695 629 671 631 404 639 622 638 870 631 147

641 351 627 920 624 410 617 479 601 565 589 073 589 800 594 082 590 604 597 902

26 322 29 495 33 743 34 190 37 130 40 598 41 604 45 540 48 266 33 245

3.9 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.8 6.4 6.6 7.1 7.6 5.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Maine

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MAINE

223

Table ME-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

796 702 10 908 785 794 676 297 16 816 494 2 360 54 758 79 315 42 070 37 245 22 859 106 703 20 026 13 938 33 434 21 077 40 152 6 222 32 169 14 414 101 687 17 015 53 768 39 090 109 497

799 455 10 980 788 475 677 818 17 994 423 2 308 54 130 72 789 38 645 34 144 22 638 107 191 19 821 13 100 33 471 21 730 39 791 6 565 32 997 14 803 104 693 17 928 54 591 40 855 110 657

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 306 18 557 28 369 28 136 27 304 27 114 49 851 32 488 36 322 35 821 36 871 39 929 19 841 29 769 36 038 41 196 24 424 39 920 51 210 22 976 23 666 28 712 17 773 13 165 18 302 29 479

29 276 24 387 29 307 28 946 27 812 29 696 51 797 32 644 38 029 37 474 38 639 41 118 20 549 30 115 37 182 42 796 25 932 42 037 52 073 23 369 25 271 29 704 17 740 13 696 18 748 31 002

803 584 10 975 792 609 680 928 15 243 499 2 083 57 336 68 589 36 748 31 841 23 378 107 447 19 330 13 111 33 164 23 130 39 687 6 081 33 970 15 269 107 048 18 343 55 717 41 503 111 681

814 376 10 320 804 056 692 485 14 769 513 1 991 58 367 67 790 36 690 31 100 24 118 110 055 19 606 12 951 32 848 24 423 40 673 5 922 33 914 15 699 111 325 18 491 56 918 42 112 111 571

0.7 -1.8 0.8 0.8 -4.2 1.3 -5.5 2.2 -5.1 -4.5 -5.8 1.8 1.0 -0.7 -2.4 -0.6 5.0 0.4 -1.6 1.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 1.9 2.5 0.6

31 565 26 136 31 595 31 109 31 254 29 505 56 457 34 496 40 956 40 847 41 081 43 946 21 928 32 650 40 162 47 711 27 813 44 818 66 388 25 101 27 179 32 126 18 982 14 568 20 398 33 881

3.7 12.1 3.7 3.4 4.6 2.9 4.2 2.0 4.1 4.5 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.7 5.0 4.4 3.9 9.0 3.0 4.7 3.8 2.2 3.4 3.7 4.7

Dollars 30 333 20 179 30 400 29 943 28 658 29 308 53 969 33 591 40 121 39 172 41 178 42 572 21 358 31 295 38 457 45 546 27 052 43 001 52 422 23 633 26 147 30 813 18 480 14 007 19 539 32 523

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Maine’s unemployment rate has been below the national average since the mid–1990s; however, it was higher than the rates in neighboring Vermont and New Hampshire. The largest employment sectors in 2004 were government, health care services, and retail trade. Wage and salary employment rose throughout the 2001–2004 period, with particularly strong gains between 2003 and 2004. The employment losses that occurred in manufacturing were offset by large increases in construction, retail trade, health care, tourism, real estate and related activities, and government. Average wages and salaries were significantly below the national average in all major industry groupings.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.7% Government and government enterprises Health care and social assistance

36.6% 13.7%

Retail trade Manufacturing Construction

13.5% 7.0% 7.2%

8.3%

Accommodation and food services Other

224

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ME-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

7 189 5 272 1 141 776 -1 776 670 -14 6 504 1 431 1 471 9 406 9 362 44

15 907 11 392 2 699 1 816 99 1 717 1 704 58 14 261 4 135 3 006 21 402 21 240 162

23 371 17 195 3 773 2 404 57 2 347 2 666 701 21 406 6 179 5 588 33 173 33 032 141

24 837 17 983 4 058 2 795 27 2 768 2 812 726 22 751 6 338 6 018 35 107 34 996 111

25 545 18 552 4 422 2 571 -60 2 631 2 857 710 23 398 6 089 6 477 35 965 35 918 47

26 631 19 250 4 631 2 750 -23 2 773 2 941 706 24 396 5 834 7 021 37 251 37 182 69

28 228 20 191 5 036 3 001 -26 3 028 3 079 756 25 905 6 078 7 499 39 482 39 410 72

4.8 4.1 7.5 5.7 X 6.6 3.7 1.9 4.9 -0.4 7.6 4.4 4.5 -15.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 347

17 376

25 969

27 286

27 713

28 453

29 973

3.6

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Maine

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

The growth in gross state product withstood the 2001 recession, but in the most recent period of 2003–2004, the state’s increase of 3.9 percent was below the national average and the growth rates of both Vermont and New Hampshire. Retail sales, real estate activity, health care, and government were the largest contributors to growth during this most recent period. Retail trade, management, and utilities had the highest rates of growth; however, the latter two sectors represented small portions of Maine’s economy. Housing price appreciation has been at the national average rate of increase since 2000, and the median value of owner-occupied housing remained below average, ranking 25th in the nation.

Table ME-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

33 355 0.4

33 566 0.4

34 435 0.4

35 662 0.4

36 138 0.4

37 110 0.4

38 097 0.4

39 564 0.4

3.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

28 713 416 3 707 1 409 4 824 14.5 1 556 2 761 768 819 3 417 4 171 7 936 23.8 1 336 516 775 318 2 908 239 977 867 4 643 13.9

28 886 455 4 685 1 495 4 821 14.4 1 731 2 950 792 881 2 608 4 275 8 211 24.5 1 430 493 821 323 3 006 245 1 010 883 4 681 13.9

29 681 543 4 663 1 639 4 974 14.4 1 808 3 066 802 999 2 407 4 366 8 419 24.4 1 481 464 811 330 3 198 266 1 053 816 4 754 13.8

30 757 644 4 747 1 637 5 402 15.1 1 776 3 177 862 973 2 475 4 425 8 636 24.2 1 578 460 801 319 3 328 265 1 094 791 4 904 13.8

31 109 540 4 736 1 613 4 730 13.1 1 977 3 483 842 1 045 2 545 4 820 8 779 24.3 1 626 412 799 317 3 467 289 1 087 782 5 028 13.9

31 997 545 4 820 1 529 4 771 12.9 2 046 3 730 849 1 108 2 579 4 967 9 065 24.4 1 679 436 837 323 3 593 304 1 123 770 5 113 13.8

32 926 585 4 816 1 600 4 918 12.9 2 113 3 987 906 1 189 2 618 4 971 9 255 24.3 1 713 409 865 313 3 704 313 1 148 790 5 175 13.6

34 239 554 4 831 1 617 5 104 12.9 2 181 4 237 932 1 299 2 694 5 187 9 654 24.4 1 773 474 864 308 3 876 307 1 206 846 5 329 13.5

3.2 0.9 0.0 4.1 0.1 2.6 X 3.3 6.8 3.4 7.5 1.9 2.5 3.2 X 2.9 4.8 2.6 -1.0 3.8 2.0 3.5 2.7 2.0 X

X = Not applicable.

MAINE

225

Table ME-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

1 387

2 836

5 307

5 707

6 190

6 757

7 234

8.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

666 640 25 1 *

1 296 1 246 42 7 1

2 137 2 076 46 12 3

2 262 2 200 47 12 3

2 388 2 322 49 15 3

2 498 2 429 49 15 5

2 610 2 539 50 15 5

5.1 5.2 1.7 6.7 20.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

331 180 145 6

943 456 472 16

2 250 1 002 1 234 14

2 497 1 113 1 364 20

2 774 1 197 1 550 27

3 146 1 269 1 855 21

3 487 1 394 2 068 25

11.6 8.6 13.8 15.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

191 29 60 61 41

317 57 104 67 88

565 125 99 81 259

536 132 93 89 222

538 138 94 101 204

594 155 93 128 217

614 162 100 146 206

2.1 6.7 0.3 15.8 -5.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

76

123

85

112

156

166

139

13.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

100

126

222

241

271

293

314

9.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

22

27

45

53

59

56

59

7.2

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

3

4

6

3

5

11

28.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of Maine’s exports ranked 40th in the nation in 2004. Computers and electronic products were the state’s leading exports, followed by paper products. Lobsters were among the state’s top five commodity exports. Canada was the largest export market, and imported a large share of Maine’s fishing, hunting, and trapping goods, as well as forestry and logging products. Exports to Brazil, primarily consisting of transportation equipment, grew from $16 million in 2003 to $263 million in 2004. As a result, Brazil became the state’s third largest market. Exports to Malaysia, Singapore, and China have all grown considerably in recent years. However, Canada remained the destination for 34 percent of the Maine’s total exports.

Paper products 17.7%

Transportation equipment 13.5%

Computers and electronic products 27.7%

Forestry and logging 8.1% Fishing, hunting, and trapping 7.3% Other 25.8%

Table ME-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 812 1 294 466 52

1 973 1 539 393 42

2 188 1 722 415 52

2 432 1 954 421 56

100.0 80.4 17.3 2.3

10.3 14.7 -3.3 2.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Paper products (322) ............................................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Forestry and logging (113) ..................................................... Fishing, hunting, and trapping (114) ......................................

347 354 80 187 149

535 385 101 185 166

605 415 164 185 181

675 429 327 197 177

27.7 17.7 13.5 8.1 7.3

24.8 6.6 60.2 1.8 5.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Malaysia ................................................................................. Brazil ...................................................................................... Singapore .............................................................................. China .....................................................................................

1 683 846 133 23 105 34

1 857 791 168 15 248 48

2 049 821 237 16 224 78

2 326 827 339 263 234 113

95.6 34.0 13.9 10.8 9.6 4.6

11.4 -0.8 36.6 126.8 30.6 48.8

226

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table ME-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

7 404 1 313 066

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

177

190

34.0 58.7 7.3

38.6 53.4 8.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

230 120 1 267 44 285

322 690 1 637 54 316

450 278 219 600 230 678 60 815

463 603 222 356 241 247 64 425

65.1 24.3 10.6

70.8 19.8 9.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

3 383 18.5

8 664 17.3

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

44.9

47.4

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

7 196 1 369 768

Total cash receipts from farming amounted to $463.6 million in 2002, an increase of about 5.8 percent from the 1997 farm census. The chief products were potatoes and dairy products. More than 70 percent of farms in Maine had sales of less than $10,000. Just 9.4 percent had sales of $100,000 or more. The state’s farms tended to be smaller, averaging 190 acres, compared with 441 acres nationally. Just over 47 percent of farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. ENERGY Maine’s energy expenditures per capita were the seventh highest in the nation in 2001, according to the latest available data from the Department of Energy. However, the state’s energy prices were slightly below the national average. In terms of consumption, the state ranked 17th on a per capita basis. Usage of petroleum was particularly high, because (like many states in New England) home heating in Maine was supplied by oil. Wood and waste was the second leading source of fuel in Maine. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 300

Transportation 21.8%

Trillion of Btu

Residential 22.6%

200

100

0 Commercial 15.0%

-100 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 40.5%

Table ME-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

232 411 239.8

232 387 233.1

302 735 304.6

324 743 302.9

379 416 337.4

423 171 363.9

467 312 380.6

495 877 400.7

532 368 417.6

490 686 381.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

27.6 7.0 36.7 28.7

29.8 8.5 32.1 29.6

27.2 8.2 35.7 29.0

27.0 9.7 34.8 28.4

22.0 9.9 46.2 22.0

19.8 10.1 47.9 22.2

19.4 13.7 42.1 24.7

20.5 11.4 47.5 20.6

18.9 13.5 45.1 22.5

22.6 15.0 40.5 21.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

20 408 0 152 420 0 30 607 29 178 508 -709

7 992 0 171 630 0 21 625 30 050 755 335

2 166 1 315 231 305 0 29 942 29 478 1 760 6 769

1 311 1 976 222 133 49 586 27 719 32 705 4 900 -15 587

3 008 2 322 198 320 48 040 25 106 93 497 12 827 -3 706

5 093 2 620 209 045 56 875 28 118 107 245 2 345 11 831

10 413 4 572 247 287 51 436 42 550 108 799 7 674 -5 419

10 995 5 634 244 482 2 076 34 586 127 823 15 800 54 481

9 980 48 048 265 386 0 36 630 139 729 17 313 15 280

7 882 101 190 233 407 0 26 911 140 359 15 817 -34 880

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

439 400 442

875 100 816

1 785 700 1 588

2 189 900 1 883

2 645 300 2 154

2 855 700 2 308

3 809 200 2 988

3 625 000 2 822

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.93 2.12 2.40 1.06 2.28

3.70 4.06 5.06 2.55 3.95

7.93 8.98 9.09 5.26 8.99

8.86 11.13 11.73 6.10 9.06

8.08 12.15 9.46 4.49 9.11

7.66 11.55 13.16 3.91 9.40

9.65 14.94 14.68 4.57 11.93

10.05 15.20 17.12 4.60 11.35

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

227

MAINE

Table ME-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

2 896 759

100.0

2 199.5

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

45 308

1.6

34.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

1 360 152 917 248 442 904 39 279 77 770 220 410 92 626

47.0 31.7 15.3 1.4 2.7 7.6 3.2

1 032.8 696.5 336.3 29.8 59.0 167.4 70.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

158 199 81 740 49 464

5.5 2.8 1.7

120.1 62.1 37.6

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

1 333 100 1 160 028 111 616 32 076 29 380

46.0 40.0 3.9 1.1 1.0

1 012.2 880.8 84.8 24.4 22.3

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Maine

2,000

Dollars

Maine’s state revenues per person were the 10th highest in the nation. Expenditures per person, of $4,639, ranked 12th. Spending on public welfare, health care, and natural resources was well above the national average. Maine’s debt per person was $3,375, which ranked 12th in the nation. As a result, the state spent more per person on interest on general debt than most states. Taxes per person amounted to $2,199 in fiscal year 2004. Individual income taxes were the largest source of revenue, followed by general sales taxes. The state’s property taxes were slightly below the average of the 37 states with such taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table ME-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 093 384 2 062 560 2 697 275 857 495 423 947 150 171 1 074 826 91 188 99 648 490 682 842 867

100.0 33.8 44.3 14.1 7.0 2.5 17.6 1.5 1.6 8.1 13.8

4 655.0 1 575.7 2 060.6 655.1 323.9 114.7 821.1 69.7 76.1 374.8 643.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

6 072 093 1 051 164 5 020 929

100.0 17.3 82.7

4 638.7 803.0 3 835.7

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 574 270 1 990 470 50 970 400 804 492 304 68 212 107 345 156 234 10 566 243 158 233 917 743 843

25.9 32.8 0.8 6.6 8.1 1.1 1.8 2.6 0.2 4.0 3.9 12.3

1 202.6 1 520.6 38.9 306.2 376.1 52.1 82.0 119.4 8.1 185.8 178.7 568.2

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 417 481

X

3 374.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

11 979 579

X

9 151.7

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

228

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ME-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 881

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.1 24.2

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

204 337 32.8 1.4 672 11.5 9 344

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

64 086 6 158 59.6

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Maine 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, more than 87 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had graduated from high school. However, this contrasted with a below average college completion rate. Just 24.2 percent of Maine’s residents held bachelor’s degrees or more. This may have reflected the relatively large concentration of older residents in Maine, for whom college attendance was not as prevalent. Expenditures per student in grades K–12 were the 10th highest in the nation at $9,344. The state’s student/ teacher ratio of 11.5 was second lowest in the country behind only Vermont. Both of these measures reflected the state’s relatively low proportion of student-age population.

Voter turnout in both the 2000 and 2004 elections was among the highest in the country. More than 70 percent of those eligible to vote in Maine went to the polls in 2004. In 2000, 49.1 percent of votes were for the Democratic presidential candidate, and in 2004, that proportion increased to 53.6 percent. Among persons age 18 to 24 years, 58.6 percent of the eligible population voted. This was among the highest proportions for that age group in the nation. More than 77 percent of eligible persons age 45 to 64 years turned out to vote in the 2004 election.

Table ME-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

979 465 514

966 461 505

98.7 99.1 98.3

786 374 412

80.3 80.4 80.3

677 315 362

69.2 67.7 70.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 022 493 529

1 007 484 523

98.5 98.2 98.9

824 390 434

80.6 79.0 82.1

736 346 390

72.0 70.2 73.7

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

990 984 8 9 9 1 002 995 8 9

977 970 8 7 9 989 982 8 8

98.7 98.7 B B B 98.7 98.7 B B

799 793 6 6 7 809 803 6 6

80.7 80.6 B B B 80.8 80.7 B B

714 708 5 5 7 723 717 5 5

72.1 72.0 B B B 72.2 72.0 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

127 340 368 88 99

125 334 362 87 98

98.6 98.1 98.6 B B

88 267 312 75 82

69.4 78.3 84.9 B B

74 238 285 68 71

58.6 69.8 77.4 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

MARYLAND At a Glance: •

Maryland’s population totaled just under 5.6 million in 2004, ranking it as the 19th most populous state in the nation, despite its relatively small land size. About 60 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White. Blacks accounted for over 28 percent of residents, which was the sixth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Just over 5 percent of Maryland’s population was Asian and Pacific Islander, ranking the state eighth in the country for its proportion of this racial group. In 2004, median household income was the highest in the nation. Correspondingly, the state’s poverty rate of 9.8 percent was relatively low. Maryland is unemployment rate was 4.2 percent, which ranked among the 10 lowest in the nation. The state had the fifth highest proportion of population age 25 years and over holding a bachelor’s degree or more. In Maryland, 14.6 percent of residents lacked health insurance, ranking 21st in the nation but still below the national average.

•

• • • •

Table MD-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 781 468 1.9

5 296 486 1.9

5 558 058 1.9

X X

1.2 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 318 671 2 462 797

2 557 794 2 738 692

2 690 901 2 867 157

48.4 51.6

1.3 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

357 818 804 423 919 268 3 619 227 505 373 1 677 104 517 482 46 496

353 393 1 002 779 3 940 314 450 922 1 664 677 1 225 408 599 307 66 902

374 578 1 020 230 4 163 250 521 202 1 605 417 1 401 888 634 743 82 752

6.7 18.4 74.9 9.4 28.9 25.2 11.4 1.5

0.2 1.7 1.0 0.1 -0.3 3.1 1.5 4.3

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.9

36.0

36.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 1.3 1.0

0.9

United States Maryland

1.2

1.2 1.0

1.1

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

From 2000 to 2004, Maryland’s population increased by 4.9 percent, which was above the national average but below the rate of neighboring Virginia. More than onethird of this growth was the result of international immigration, which far surpassed the number of new residents from other states. The metropolitan counties close to the District of Columbia and Baltimore were home to the largest proportion of the state’s population, although counties further from these urban centers experienced rapid growth. Maryland had a below average proportion of population age 65 years and over. However, the state’s median age of 36.9 years was above the national median age.

229

230

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MD-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 781 468

5 296 486

5 558 058

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

69.6 24.6 0.3 2.9 0.9 ...

62.3 27.9 0.3 4.1 ... 1.2

59.8 28.6 0.3 4.6 ... 1.3

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.6

4.3

5.4

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 44

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

33

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

American Indian, Alaska Native

Asian and Pacific Islander 22 Non-Hispanic Black 11 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Maryland ranked 21st in the nation for its proportion of residents who lacked health insurance. The infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were above the national average, ranking 16th and 18th, respectively. Maryland’s birth rate and teenage birth rate were slightly below average. Table MD-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

74 930 13.6 33.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.7

6.9

881.8 838.6 1 094.5 ... 402.4 280.2

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.6 9.6 5.9

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Maryland

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MD-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

43 854

881.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

16 049 10 336 1 926 1 284 1 497 1 055 875 664 606 994 468 613 456 697 285 516 215 578 105 102 48 49

329.0 204.8 39.6 24.6 30.1 21.9 18.7 12.5 12.3 20.1 8.7 11.6 8.5 12.5 5.2 9.7 4.4 10.2 1.9 2.1 0.9 0.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MARYLAND

231

Table MD-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 748 991 1 245 814 948 563 297 251 65 362 231 889 503 177 394 572 108 605

1 980 859 1 359 318 994 549 364 769 84 893 279 876 621 541 495 459 126 082

2 077 900 1 383 478 994 244 389 234 80 735 308 499 694 422 566 334 128 088

1.2 0.4 0.0 1.6 -1.2 2.5 2.8 3.4 0.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.67 1 891 917 1 748 991 1 137 296 611 695

2.61 2 145 283 1 980 859 1 341 751 639 108

2.61 2 250 339 2 077 900 1 443 955 633 945

X 1.2 1.2 1.9 -0.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

548 115 500

689 146 000

837 216 529

5.0 10.4

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

70,000

1,000

60,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

250

50,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States Maryland

40,000 30,000 20,000 United States Maryland

10,000 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MD-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

57 319 53 720 59 250 57 122 59 819

9.8 8.6 7.4 7.2 7.4

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

59 174 57 886 54 791 52 734 50 516 49 420 51 414 49 087 49 978 54 455

7.3 7.2 8.4 10.3 10.1 10.7 9.7 11.8 9.1 9.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 984 56 082 55 608 50 324 50 459 51 400 ... ... ... ...

9.0 9.8 9.2 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 12.3 10.7 9.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

232

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MD-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 223 306 325 661 928 788 572 643

2 883 137 244 565 787 668 380 102

68.3 44.7 75.1 85.5 84.8 84.8 66.4 15.9

2 762 117 224 546 765 645 365 99

4.2 14.6 8.0 3.4 2.9 3.4 3.8 2.8

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 986 145 173 322 428 377 276 265

1 489 61 135 300 402 336 200 54

75.0 42.4 78.1 93.0 93.9 89.3 72.7 20.2

1 431 51 124 292 393 326 193 52

3.9 16.4 8.4 2.7 2.3 3.1 3.7 2.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 237 161 151 339 500 411 296 378

1 394 76 108 265 385 331 180 49

62.3 46.8 71.6 78.3 77.1 80.6 60.6 12.9

1 331 66 100 254 372 319 172 47

4.6 13.2 7.5 4.2 3.4 3.7 4.0 3.6

1 060 1 074 276

840 687 214

79.3 64.0 77.5

825 665 202

1.8 3.2 5.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 862 1 387 1 475

1 939 1 052 886

67.7 75.9 60.1

1 871 1 018 853

3.5 3.2 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 119 493 625

773 355 418

69.1 72.0 66.9

725 335 391

6.2 5.8 6.5

Asian .....................................................

178

123

69.4

120

2.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

289 168 121

232 154 79

80.3 91.2 65.0

222 148 74

4.4 3.9 5.2

190 202 427 593 541 397 513

100 158 368 501 466 267 80

52.3 78.3 86.3 84.5 86.1 67.2 15.5

87 149 358 489 453 258 77

12.8 5.5 2.6 2.3 2.8 3.4 3.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table MD-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

2 882 638 2 879 654 2 862 890 2 833 516 2 802 403

2 761 015 2 751 455 2 735 130 2 719 498 2 702 823

121 623 128 199 127 760 114 018 99 580

4.2 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 787 870 2 780 009 2 778 202 2 751 738 2 709 899 2 684 166 2 660 795 2 659 659 2 629 882 2 582 827

2 687 843 2 661 192 2 646 200 2 615 584 2 572 708 2 545 413 2 501 515 2 484 910 2 466 378 2 465 249

100 027 118 817 132 002 136 154 137 191 138 753 159 280 174 749 163 504 117 578

3.6 4.3 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 6.0 6.6 6.2 4.6

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Maryland

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MARYLAND

233

Table MD-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 128 757 18 727 3 110 030 2 590 126 6 858 2 991 11 203 214 170 175 143 94 903 80 240 101 829 353 357 91 500 69 644 140 828 115 749 286 305 11 237 187 740 69 507 324 676 62 439 187 733 177 217 519 904

3 162 131 18 942 3 143 189 2 613 359 7 746 2 623 10 293 213 894 163 075 87 199 75 876 100 848 352 699 90 477 63 735 143 724 118 490 288 995 11 408 190 528 75 652 335 629 65 583 193 520 184 440 529 830

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

37 640 18 601 37 687 36 675 21 651 50 836 66 757 40 376 47 099 52 083 41 235 51 987 24 021 35 837 55 830 57 959 35 769 58 653 52 829 25 639 30 354 34 486 23 432 16 598 24 653 41 764

38 841 23 732 38 879 37 466 21 963 47 871 68 629 41 220 48 388 54 357 41 566 52 679 24 665 36 571 56 233 60 067 37 785 60 473 54 356 26 851 31 157 35 582 23 333 16 479 25 406 44 475

3 198 086 17 651 3 180 435 2 648 601 7 107 2 881 9 943 219 863 153 593 81 294 72 299 98 907 355 822 89 030 61 655 147 196 125 690 295 716 10 249 194 872 78 209 346 441 66 473 197 935 187 019 531 834

3 245 769 17 597 3 228 172 2 703 236 7 106 3 064 9 748 229 732 149 755 79 715 70 040 100 240 361 158 90 510 60 333 147 467 130 848 303 178 12 318 202 241 81 736 352 821 69 424 202 257 189 300 524 936

1.2 -2.1 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.8 -4.5 2.4 -5.1 -5.6 -4.4 -0.5 0.7 -0.4 -4.7 1.5 4.2 1.9 3.1 2.5 5.6 2.8 3.6 2.5 2.2 0.3

42 117 26 015 42 151 40 607 24 276 48 546 76 437 44 058 53 289 60 607 45 026 57 571 26 242 39 120 60 987 66 818 44 268 65 377 67 086 28 991 34 186 38 592 24 303 17 610 27 768 48 440

3.8 11.8 3.8 3.5 3.9 -1.5 4.6 3.0 4.2 5.2 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.9 7.4 3.7 8.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 1.2 2.0 4.0 5.1

Dollars 40 202 23 623 40 238 38 774 22 982 47 999 72 890 42 285 50 135 56 581 42 943 54 834 25 421 37 563 57 814 64 071 39 764 61 789 65 178 27 753 32 817 36 851 23 599 17 131 26 612 46 040

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET In recent years, Maryland’s unemployment rate has been below the national average. Employment grew steadily over the 2001–2004 period at an annual rate of 1.2 percent, which was double the national average rate. The service industries, particularly education, health care, and real estate and related activities, had strong growth. Utilities, manufacturing, and information had significant declines in employment from 2001 to 2004. In 2004, government, retail trade, health care, and professional and technical services were the largest employers. Average wages and salaries in Maryland were higher than the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.2%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

39.2%

11.1%

Health care and social assistance Professional and technical services

10.9%

Construction Accommodation and food services

6.2%

7.1%

9.3%

Other

234

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MD-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

32 902 25 469 5 116 2 318 -23 2 341 2 861 5 961 36 002 6 767 4 526 47 296 47 243 53

75 579 57 367 12 362 5 850 249 5 601 8 417 12 546 79 708 20 088 9 890 109 686 109 342 344

124 435 93 833 19 668 10 934 214 10 720 13 613 19 892 130 715 32 998 18 245 181 957 181 612 345

132 158 98 643 21 104 12 411 151 12 260 14 628 20 321 137 851 33 910 19 896 191 657 191 373 284

138 693 102 369 23 451 12 874 -48 12 922 15 350 21 042 144 386 32 939 21 460 198 785 198 663 122

145 105 106 327 24 912 13 866 122 13 744 15 976 21 978 151 107 32 512 22 896 206 515 206 247 268

155 168 112 383 27 570 15 215 199 15 017 17 122 23 895 161 941 34 292 24 028 220 261 219 904 357

5.7 4.6 8.8 8.6 -1.8 8.8 5.9 4.7 5.5 1.0 7.1 4.9 4.9 0.8

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 187

22 852

34 257

35 628

36 531

37 464

39 629

3.7

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Maryland

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Maryland did not suffer any fall-off in economic activity during the 2001–2004 period, as the national recession did not dampen the gross state product (GSP) growth. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew by 4.8 percent, which was higher than the national average rate of growth. Government, real estate, professional and technical services, and retail trade were the largest contributors to the GSP. Management services had the highest rate of growth from 2001 to 2004. Housing prices in many parts of Maryland were among the highest in the nation over the 2000–2004 period. The median value of owner-occupied housing was the 10th highest in the nation in 2004.

Table MD-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

162 706 1.9

168 683 1.9

175 064 1.9

179 978 1.8

187 245 1.9

192 482 1.9

198 334 1.9

207 797 1.9

3.5 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

133 113 466 102 4 773 9 364 11 895 7.3 8 551 11 205 3 691 5 623 9 474 23 830 44 296 27.2 13 989 719 5 288 1 662 11 799 1 504 4 616 4 719 29 629 18.2

138 056 514 111 4 588 9 458 12 366 7.3 9 440 11 618 3 766 6 041 10 242 24 308 45 649 27.1 14 915 693 5 579 1 753 11 771 1 378 4 759 4 801 30 661 18.2

144 315 560 111 4 672 9 770 12 683 7.2 10 008 12 013 4 003 6 536 11 012 25 676 47 295 27.0 15 805 678 5 830 1 844 12 010 1 408 4 947 4 773 30 754 17.6

148 859 670 126 4 943 9 866 12 751 7.1 10 069 12 448 4 222 7 219 11 276 26 649 48 621 27.0 16 739 726 5 417 1 979 12 424 1 437 5 008 4 891 31 120 17.3

155 494 572 126 4 947 10 176 12 908 6.9 10 994 13 460 4 017 7 681 12 015 28 230 50 425 26.9 17 928 900 5 383 1 978 12 947 1 397 5 096 4 796 31 753 17.0

160 136 526 134 4 903 10 138 13 065 6.8 11 213 14 234 4 191 7 519 12 968 28 724 52 623 27.3 19 107 961 5 731 2 003 13 469 1 432 5 140 4 780 32 354 16.8

166 128 615 133 5 205 10 256 13 528 6.8 11 007 15 044 4 350 7 887 14 053 29 389 54 828 27.6 20 096 1 100 6 035 1 983 13 972 1 427 5 345 4 870 32 263 16.3

174 698 608 134 5 469 10 723 14 099 6.8 11 387 15 976 4 520 8 663 14 610 30 980 57 782 27.8 21 458 1 325 6 311 2 001 14 386 1 501 5 559 5 241 33 178 16.0

4.0 2.1 2.1 3.4 1.8 3.0 X 1.2 5.9 4.0 4.1 6.7 3.1 4.6 X 6.2 13.8 5.4 0.4 3.6 2.4 2.9 3.0 1.5 X

X = Not applicable.

MARYLAND

235

Table MD-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 217

9 223

16 981

18 474

20 146

21 663

22 778

7.6

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 985 1 851 87 29 18

4 295 3 877 144 249 25

7 045 6 625 152 250 18

7 479 7 061 153 246 19

7 864 7 432 156 255 20

8 175 7 720 156 263 36

8 592 8 122 159 273 38

5.1 5.2 1.0 2.3 19.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 149 633 503 13

3 397 1 965 1 371 61

7 499 4 259 3 198 43

8 331 4 737 3 531 62

9 157 5 084 3 981 91

10 182 5 386 4 713 83

10 862 5 942 4 820 101

9.7 8.7 10.8 23.9

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

540 83 217 145 95

857 191 307 214 145

1 548 407 248 196 697

1 541 428 232 194 686

1 669 442 219 220 788

1 780 450 190 266 874

1 901 471 236 296 898

5.3 3.7 -1.2 10.9 6.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

240

277

275

441

721

754

529

17.8

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

234

292

429

457

508

544

573

7.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

69

101

168

200

212

197

210

5.7

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

4

16

26

15

31

111

61.3

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of Maryland’s exports ranked 29th in the nation in 2004. The state’s chief export products were chemicals, computers and electronic products, and transportation equipment (airplanes and helicopter parts). Canada was Maryland’s leading export market, as the destination for 19 percent of the state’s goods. Exports to Egypt have increased from $66 million in 2001 to $383 million in 2004. Transportation equipment accounted for more than 60 percent of total exports to Egypt. Japan also became a leading destination for Maryland’s exports. In 2004, leather and related products made up about 60 percent of the state’s exports to Japan.

Computers and electronic products 8.6%

Transportation equipment 16.4%

Machinery 10.2%

Chemicals 17.3%

Fabricated metal products 6.5% Other 32.3%

Table MD-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

4 975 4 620 146 208

4 474 4 173 67 234

4 941 4 585 81 274

5 746 5 367 143 236

100.0 93.4 2.5 4.1

4.9 5.1 -0.6 4.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

628 1 242 803 611 241

707 808 914 424 279

838 744 1 019 488 246

996 991 942 588 371

17.3 17.3 16.4 10.2 6.5

16.6 -7.2 5.5 -1.3 15.4

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Egypt ...................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

4 249 869 66 213 131 313

3 794 824 38 262 242 331

4 240 943 328 311 301 325

4 962 1 092 383 360 341 323

86.4 19.0 6.7 6.3 5.9 5.6

5.3 7.9 79.4 19.1 37.7 1.0

236

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MD-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

13 254 2 193 063

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

165

170

46.3 46.3 7.4

47.8 44.4 7.8

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

537 600 3 247 57 316

694 061 4 084 74 528

1 371 374 456 523 914 851 103 469

1 293 303 450 202 843 101 106 026

53.5 26.5 20.0

60.5 22.3 17.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

14 470 22.7

33 131 27.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

49.2

57.2

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

12 198 2 077 630

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming in Maryland were $1.3 billion in 2002, a slight decline from the previous farm census in 1997. The state’s chief products were poultry, greenhouse/nursery products, and dairy products. About 60 percent of Maryland’s farms had sales of less than $100,000. Nearly 48 percent of the state’s farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. The proportion of farm operators reporting farming as their principal occupation was 57.2 percent in 2002. ENERGY Energy prices per Btu in Maryland ranked 13th in the nation. However, the state’s energy expenditures per person were among the lowest in the country in 2001, the latest year for which data are available from the Department of Energy. This may reflect a less than average industrial sector, and, consequently, less consumption of energy. Maryland’s energy consumption per capita was also low, ranking 42nd in the nation. Petroleum and coal were the state’s leading energy sources.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

600

Trillion of Btu

Residential 27.5%

Transportation 28.5%

450

300

150

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Industrial 17.7%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 26.2%

Table MD-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

697 463 224.9

863 099 239.7

1 073 600 273.6

1 069 928 258.5

1 153 202 273.5

1 159 826 262.8

1 261 768 263.9

1 333 014 265.3

1 443 606 272.6

1 420 356 263.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

20.5 10.6 44.1 24.8

20.4 10.6 43.8 25.2

22.1 12.2 40.3 25.4

23.5 14.4 34.3 27.8

24.3 14.3 33.8 27.6

25.2 13.1 34.2 27.4

26.2 13.6 34.0 26.3

28.4 25.8 19.6 26.2

27.7 26.1 18.2 27.9

27.5 26.2 17.7 28.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses2 ................

226 566 73 315 353 374 0 14 609 23 838 0 5 761

327 393 100 979 413 403 0 11 925 27 094 0 -17 695

311 292 159 584 534 447 0 20 009 31 772 0 16 495

197 160 141 854 593 623 48 307 24 049 31 785 0 33 150

235 710 163 449 532 968 119 409 13 189 27 785 0 60 692

256 210 155 966 484 432 105 434 15 919 37 028 0 104 837

286 482 180 591 510 496 13 242 23 913 28 833 114 218 096

289 558 199 201 490 550 135 939 14 870 38 114 141 164 640

312 162 219 360 557 303 144 204 17 674 36 617 164 156 122

317 322 191 405 568 131 142 681 12 041 28 008 303 160 464

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 527 300 389

3 256 100 787

6 432 700 1 525

7 393 800 1 675

8 047 100 1 683

8 986 600 1 789

11 581 700 2 187

11 445 500 2 126

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.78 2.31 2.60 0.91 2.30

4.00 4.57 5.76 2.78 4.30

7.66 8.45 9.75 4.96 8.92

9.02 11.46 12.91 6.31 9.02

9.40 12.31 11.87 6.50 9.61

10.21 13.64 12.65 5.25 9.69

12.11 15.09 13.86 6.93 12.12

12.09 15.78 14.15 6.80 11.63

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the electric utilities within

the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

237

MARYLAND

Table MD-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

12 314 799

100.0

2 215.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

478 796

3.9

86.2

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

5 212 424 2 945 060 2 267 364 279 089 746 044 137 373 272 066 792 469

42.3 23.9 18.4 2.3 6.1 1.1 2.2 6.4

937.8 529.9 408.0 50.2 134.2 24.7 49.0 142.6

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

511 559 282 167 131 948

4.2 2.3 1.1

92.0 50.8 23.7

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

6 112 020 5 277 844 447 487 152 251 183 189

49.6 42.9 3.6 1.2 1.5

1 099.7 949.6 80.5 27.4 33.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Maryland

2,000

Dollars

Despite being a high-income state, Maryland’s revenues per person were low relative to the national average. The state’s per capita expenditures in 2003 also ranked below average. On a per capita basis, Maryland spent more on health, corrections, and law enforcement, and less on education and public welfare. The state’s debt per person was above the national average. The state’s taxes per person were above average, ranking 15th in the country. Among the 37 states with property taxes, Maryland ranked 10th. The state’s individual income taxes were the largest tax source and were the eighth highest in the nation.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MD-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

20 538 540 5 829 817 10 980 324 2 720 162 2 144 312 440 705 4 681 860 379 020 614 265 2 102 109 1 626 290

100.0 28.4 53.5 13.2 10.4 2.1 22.8 1.8 3.0 10.2 7.9

3 726.2 1 057.7 1 992.1 493.5 389.0 80.0 849.4 68.8 111.4 381.4 295.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

21 789 034 5 358 342 16 430 692

100.0 24.6 75.4

3 953.0 972.1 2 980.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

7 271 618 5 051 914 411 021 1 507 476 1 715 935 397 090 1 050 389 429 907 271 547 819 463 860 049 2 002 625

33.4 23.2 1.9 6.9 7.9 1.8 4.8 2.0 1.2 3.8 3.9 9.2

1 319.2 916.5 74.6 273.5 311.3 72.0 190.6 78.0 49.3 148.7 156.0 363.3

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

12 950 949

X

2 349.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

40 693 869

X

7 382.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

238

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MD-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 3 609

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.4 35.2

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

866 743 31.4 3.2 1 359 15.8 9 153

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

309 052 24 537 57.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Maryland

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, more than 35 percent of Maryland residents held a bachelor’s degree or more, ranking the state fifth in the nation. The state’s high school attainment level was also above the U.S. average and ranked 24th. Among the 46 states with dropout data, Maryland ranked 22nd with 3.9 percent. The state’s per student expenditures of $9,153 were the 11th highest in the nation. Just over 31 percent of elementary and secondary students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, compared with over 40 percent nationally. The state’s student/teacher ratio nearly equaled the U.S. average.

Voter turnout was about average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, residents age 45 to 64 years had the highest voter turnout, with 70.9 percent casting ballots. Less than 43 percent of eligible residents age 18 to 24 years voted in the 2004 election. Among the different race and ethnic groups, non-Hispanic Whites had the highest rates of voter participation and Hispanics had the lowest. In the 2000 election, 56.5 percent of the eligible population voted for the Democratic presidential ticket, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2004, this proportion increased to 56 percent.

Table MD-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 812 1 838 1 974

3 565 1 681 1 883

93.5 91.5 95.4

2 499 1 129 1 371

65.6 61.4 69.5

2 178 970 1 208

57.1 52.8 61.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 043 1 906 2 137

3 678 1 699 1 978

91.0 89.2 92.6

2 676 1 221 1 454

66.2 64.1 68.1

2 413 1 112 1 301

59.7 58.3 60.9

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 737 2 504 1 070 168 282 2 777 2 531 1 094 172

2 529 2 449 990 104 100 2 557 2 476 1 002 107

92.4 97.8 92.6 61.6 35.4 92.1 97.8 91.6 62.4

1 913 1 868 668 52 58 1 934 1 889 676 55

69.9 74.6 62.4 30.7 20.6 69.7 74.6 61.8 32.1

1 733 1 689 598 50 53 1 750 1 706 604 53

63.3 67.5 55.9 29.8 19.0 63.0 67.4 55.2 30.6

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

433 1 581 1 425 312 290

371 1 362 1 348 310 287

85.7 86.1 94.6 99.3 98.9

207 952 1 072 241 204

47.8 60.2 75.2 77.2 70.3

186 830 1 011 212 174

42.9 52.5 70.9 67.9 60.1

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

MASSACHUSETTS At a Glance: •

In 2004, Massachusetts’s population was over 6.4 million, making it the 13th most populous state in the country. Similiar to the trends of its New England neighbors, non-Hispanic Whites represented the majority of Massachusetts’s population (80.8 percent) in 2004. Asian and Pacific Islanders made up 4.6 percent of the state’s population, which was the ninth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Massachusetts’s median household income of $52,830 was the eighth highest in the nation. The state’s poverty rate of 9.2 percent was well below the national average. The unemployment rate was 5.1 percent, which was below the national average. The real gross state product ranked as the 13th largest in the nation. The state’s infant mortality rate was the lowest in the country. Massachusetts ranked 28th in the country for the proportion of its population age 25 years and over who had completed high school. More than 36 percent of the state’s population held bachelor’s degrees or more, which was the second highest proportion in the nation.

•

• • • •

Table MA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

6 016 425 2.4

6 349 097 2.3

6 416 505 2.2

X X

0.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 888 745 3 127 680

3 058 816 3 290 281

3 106 345 3 310 160

48.4 51.6

0.4 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

412 473 940 602 1 115 150 4 663 350 709 099 2 019 817 819 284 92 209

397 268 1 102 796 4 849 033 579 328 1 989 783 1 419 760 860 162 116 692

395 662 1 068 527 4 952 316 598 047 1 910 811 1 589 115 854 343 136 125

6.2 16.7 77.2 9.3 29.8 24.8 13.3 2.1

-0.4 0.9 0.4 -1.3 -0.4 2.6 0.3 3.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.4

36.5

37.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Massachusetts 1.0

0.5

1.2

1.1

0.9

0.5

0.5 0.3

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

From 2000 to 2004, Massachusetts’s population grew by 1.1 percent, among the lowest rates of population growth in the nation. This increase was considerably below those of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Connecticut; however, it was similar to that of New York. During this period, more than 173,000 residents of Massachusetts moved to other states. An influx of 137,000 people from abroad, combined with the state’s natural increase (births minus deaths), prevented the state from experiencing a population loss. Massachusetts had a below average proportion of its population under 18 years old, but its proportion of population over 65 years of age was the 13th highest in the nation.

239

240

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

6 016 425

6 349 097

6 416 505

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

87.8 4.6 0.2 2.4 2.6 ...

82.8 5.5 0.2 3.9 ... 0.9

80.8 5.7 0.2 4.6 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

4.8

6.8

7.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

20

American Indian, Alaska Native

15

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 10 Non-Hispanic Black 5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 11.7 percent of Massachusetts’s population lacked health insurance. This was among the 15 lowest proportions in the nation. The state’s birth rate was well below the U.S. average, and its birth rate for teenage mothers was the third lowest in the nation. Table MA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

80 184 12.5 23.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

4.8

6.9

801.8 804.0 878.1 ... 379.6 582.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.7 6.5 2.7

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Massachusetts

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

56 788

801.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

20 042 13 897 2 827 1 425 1 402 1 978 1 512 517 1 245 956 416 191 566 644 352 154 220 235 98 111 49 54

277.7 201.5 40.0 20.8 20.0 26.8 20.2 7.9 17.4 13.5 6.3 2.9 8.4 9.7 5.3 2.4 3.1 3.5 1.5 1.5 0.8 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

241

MASSACHUSETTS

Table MA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 247 110 1 514 746 1 170 275 344 471 73 548 270 923 732 364 580 774 151 590

2 443 580 1 576 696 1 197 917 378 779 88 835 289 944 866 884 684 345 182 539

2 435 421 1 565 568 1 176 009 389 559 94 089 295 470 869 853 691 173 178 680

-0.1 -0.2 -0.5 0.7 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 -0.5

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.58 2 472 711 2 247 110 1 331 493 915 617

2.51 2 621 989 2 443 580 1 508 052 935 528

2.55 2 672 061 2 435 421 1 572 183 863 238

X 0.5 -0.1 1.0 -2.0

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

580 162 200

684 185 700

852 331 200

5.6 15.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 400,000

United States

Massachusetts

300,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

60,000

750

500

100,000

Dollars

200,000

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

20,000 United States

250

Massachusetts 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 370 52 324 52 368 55 760 51 283

9.2 10.3 10.0 8.9 9.8

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

49 880 49 008 49 320 47 341 47 480 51 061 47 713 47 973 48 303 50 798

11.8 8.7 12.2 10.1 11.0 9.7 10.7 10.3 11.0 10.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

53 087 50 959 51 269 49 888 47 229 46 644 ... ... ... ...

8.8 8.5 8.2 9.2 9.2 8.9 7.7 10.3 8.9 9.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

242

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

5 036 362 420 867 1 004 925 609 848

3 399 171 318 733 855 773 426 123

67.5 47.2 75.7 84.5 85.2 83.5 69.9 14.5

3 226 148 289 702 820 743 406 119

5.1 13.4 9.0 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.7 3.4

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 402 184 217 425 483 453 301 339

1 769 78 172 383 443 402 226 66

73.7 42.2 79.4 90.1 91.8 88.6 75.1 19.4

1 665 65 154 362 422 382 215 64

5.9 16.1 10.4 5.4 4.8 5.0 4.6 2.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 634 178 203 442 522 472 308 509

1 629 93 145 350 412 371 200 57

61.9 52.3 71.8 79.2 79.1 78.6 64.8 11.2

1 562 83 135 340 398 361 190 55

4.2 11.1 7.3 2.9 3.5 2.8 4.9 4.0

1 252 1 211 329

975 774 232

77.8 64.0 70.4

937 751 217

3.9 3.1 6.5

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 478 2 143 2 335

3 041 1 585 1 456

67.9 74.0 62.4

2 900 1 497 1 402

4.6 5.5 3.7

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

308 142 166

201 103 98

65.2 72.4 59.0

181 94 87

9.7 8.3 11.2

Asian .....................................................

204

127

62.3

119

6.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

321 147 173

235 116 119

73.1 78.7 68.4

214 106 109

8.7 9.1 8.3

300 356 740 898 841 552 790

142 274 634 773 710 393 116

47.4 76.9 85.6 86.1 84.4 71.1 14.6

126 254 610 742 683 373 111

11.2 7.3 3.7 4.0 3.8 5.0 3.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table MA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 393 122 3 413 782 3 427 900 3 400 624 3 366 582

3 219 487 3 215 624 3 247 094 3 274 561 3 276 737

173 635 198 158 180 806 126 063 89 845

5.1 5.8 5.3 3.7 2.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

3 355 324 3 321 662 3 293 415 3 231 053 3 204 888 3 187 813 3 172 904 3 180 740 3 198 883 3 226 368

3 245 761 3 208 988 3 158 851 3 083 332 3 029 360 2 989 123 2 940 565 2 899 718 2 916 293 3 022 393

109 563 112 674 134 564 147 721 175 528 198 690 232 339 281 022 282 590 203 975

3.3 3.4 4.1 4.6 5.5 6.2 7.3 8.8 8.8 6.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Massachusetts

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MASSACHUSETTS

243

Table MA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

4 125 438 10 916 4 114 522 3 656 412 13 450 2 554 12 388 218 776 401 126 269 925 131 201 151 796 416 841 101 171 123 109 234 116 119 848 372 367 70 397 211 313 188 017 485 521 85 429 251 812 196 381 458 110

4 064 960 10 882 4 054 078 3 598 389 14 993 2 452 11 380 217 361 361 759 238 952 122 807 145 960 416 947 96 017 110 019 233 036 122 358 357 445 68 677 202 982 190 832 495 673 90 168 255 968 204 362 455 689

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

43 842 18 565 43 879 44 730 37 462 46 902 76 740 50 803 54 363 59 757 43 222 61 789 24 801 35 932 66 892 87 349 43 446 74 201 67 494 30 350 31 329 35 607 28 736 17 244 24 531 38 251

43 888 24 385 43 917 44 534 38 926 47 822 77 636 52 168 55 356 60 835 44 647 60 996 25 202 36 898 66 437 85 355 44 624 72 765 64 103 30 822 33 342 37 012 29 074 17 360 25 487 39 909

4 029 906 10 940 4 018 966 3 573 794 13 785 2 864 10 952 219 566 337 581 219 805 117 776 145 414 415 769 94 351 102 785 227 864 129 757 352 473 65 555 205 879 193 130 500 928 91 893 257 909 205 339 445 172

4 044 476 10 117 4 034 359 3 599 771 13 372 3 036 10 422 222 851 325 241 212 725 112 516 145 762 418 569 93 250 98 632 223 369 135 516 361 229 65 438 215 362 197 276 508 797 94 033 260 935 206 681 434 588

-0.7 -2.5 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2 5.9 -5.6 0.6 -6.8 -7.6 -5.0 -1.3 0.1 -2.7 -7.1 -1.6 4.2 -1.0 -2.4 0.6 1.6 1.6 3.3 1.2 1.7 -1.7

47 873 26 139 47 901 48 389 47 013 49 615 83 896 52 178 60 791 67 329 48 395 66 949 27 053 38 825 72 694 102 806 48 196 79 673 74 972 32 734 36 115 40 717 30 820 18 473 27 153 44 641

3.0 12.1 3.0 2.7 7.9 1.9 3.0 0.9 3.8 4.1 3.8 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.8 5.6 3.5 2.4 3.6 2.6 4.9 4.6 2.4 2.3 3.4 5.3

Dollars 45 257 20 182 45 296 45 795 40 596 48 731 81 537 51 501 58 270 64 022 47 506 64 292 26 102 37 498 68 251 87 941 44 984 74 532 67 844 31 698 34 701 39 223 29 954 17 778 26 306 42 034

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Massachusetts’s unemployment rate was below the national average in 2004 (ranking 24th), and has been below the U.S. average since the mid-1990s. Employment declined during the 2001–2003 period, as the state lost about 95,600 jobs. Massachusetts experienced only a slight increase in jobs in 2004. From 2001 to 2004, employment in manufacturing and finance and insurance declined significantly, which was partially offset by increases in service sector jobs. Wage and salary jobs in the state were concentrated in health care, government, retail trade, professional and technical services, and manufacturing. Average wages and salaries in most industries were generally well above the national averages.

Employment by Industry, 2004

12.6% Health care and social assistance 10.7%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

42.9%

Professional and technical services 10.3%

Manufacturing Accommodation and food services

8.9% 6.5%

8.0%

Other

244

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

48 283 37 582 6 869 3 833 47 3 786 4 217 -483 43 583 9 165 8 172 60 920 60 818 102

108 748 83 129 16 326 9 292 66 9 226 11 227 -2 089 95 432 26 109 17 241 138 782 138 636 146

195 839 150 842 27 664 17 333 6 17 327 20 551 -5 116 170 173 42 108 27 928 240 209 240 099 110

200 721 153 131 28 432 19 158 -15 19 172 21 152 -5 074 174 495 43 988 30 613 249 095 249 006 89

200 829 150 108 30 813 19 908 -34 19 942 21 023 -4 911 174 895 41 670 33 363 249 928 249 831 98

204 741 151 998 32 345 20 398 -13 20 412 21 316 -4 877 178 548 42 764 34 064 255 375 255 275 101

218 375 160 157 35 916 22 302 -16 22 318 22 977 -5 104 190 295 44 381 35 469 270 145 270 038 106

2.8 1.5 6.7 6.5 X 6.5 2.8 X 2.8 1.3 6.2 3.0 3.0 -0.9

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 602

23 043

37 756

38 949

38 975

39 776

42 102

2.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 50,000

United States Massachusetts

Dollars

40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

The growth rate of Massachusetts’s real gross state product (GSP) was adversely affected by the 2001 recession, and the state’s economic activity did not show any strength until 2004. The GSP’s growth rate was the 14th highest in the nation from 2003 to 2004. Professional and technical services, real estate and related activities, and retail trade contributed to the renewal of growth from 2003 to 2004. Housing price appreciation has been significant in the eastern areas of the state, particularly in the areas surrounding Boston. Overall, Massachusetts ranked fourth in the nation in 2004 for median value of owneroccupied housing.

Table MA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

227 074 2.6

241 535 2.7

256 659 2.7

276 786 2.8

279 434 2.8

278 213 2.8

284 286 2.8

298 066 2.8

2.2 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

204 714 442 67 3 319 10 193 24 737 10.9 14 359 12 130 4 352 9 764 21 589 32 268 72 767 32.0 20 551 6 985 7 646 5 575 19 716 1 796 5 555 4 943 22 491 9.9

218 929 385 81 3 348 10 954 27 888 11.5 16 243 12 791 4 559 10 360 24 339 32 966 75 609 31.3 22 525 6 786 8 066 5 594 19 588 1 841 6 026 5 183 22 664 9.4

233 424 469 93 3 223 11 645 30 063 11.7 17 878 13 677 4 769 12 049 26 971 34 607 78 339 30.5 24 640 6 870 8 252 5 602 19 505 1 908 6 258 5 304 23 264 9.1

253 492 540 97 3 455 12 168 37 132 13.4 16 335 14 557 5 180 12 986 30 333 35 978 84 728 30.6 28 469 7 506 8 382 5 934 20 374 1 913 6 605 5 545 23 293 8.4

255 947 587 103 3 161 13 299 34 972 12.5 18 065 15 768 5 071 13 629 30 227 38 599 82 408 29.5 28 505 6 151 7 392 5 866 20 480 2 026 6 522 5 466 23 487 8.4

254 795 679 94 3 104 13 217 35 255 12.7 17 593 16 550 4 941 13 422 30 546 37 830 81 549 29.3 27 408 5 767 7 305 5 913 21 075 2 139 6 552 5 390 23 417 8.4

261 066 713 105 3 371 12 704 37 957 13.4 17 492 17 493 5 012 13 630 33 237 36 949 82 915 29.2 27 652 5 767 7 631 5 740 21 918 2 187 6 634 5 386 23 261 8.2

274 528 734 102 3 384 12 703 39 611 13.3 17 777 18 511 5 009 14 951 37 584 38 612 86 476 29.0 29 523 6 006 8 025 5 665 22 360 2 239 6 953 5 705 23 631 7.9

2.4 7.7 -0.3 2.3 -1.5 4.2 X -0.5 5.5 -0.4 3.1 7.5 0.0 1.6 X 1.2 -0.8 2.8 -1.2 3.0 3.4 2.2 1.4 0.2 X

X = Not applicable.

MASSACHUSETTS

245

Table MA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

7 769

16 385

26 471

29 013

31 974

32 815

34 226

6.6

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

3 396 3 301 61 33 1

6 367 6 228 76 52 11

9 875 9 701 70 87 17

10 349 10 166 70 91 22

10 752 10 545 70 100 37

11 096 10 816 70 99 111

11 515 11 219 71 103 121

3.9 3.7 0.4 4.2 64.4

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 279 1 200 1 061 17

6 653 3 190 3 431 32

12 813 6 188 6 602 23

14 196 6 814 7 351 30

15 423 7 248 8 136 39

15 873 7 602 8 239 32

17 395 8 267 9 090 38

7.9 7.5 8.3 13.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 097 242 516 172 168

1 616 400 696 222 299

2 170 812 599 176 583

2 232 837 587 180 628

2 334 853 598 213 670

2 504 857 634 267 746

2 643 895 635 319 794

5.1 2.5 1.5 16.0 8.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

394

1 067

785

1 356

2 526

2 366

1 517

17.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

460

525

579

600

651

690

704

5.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

142

151

236

254

273

242

260

2.5

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

6

14

26

15

44

194

92.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Massachusetts’s exported goods were worth $21.8 billion in 2004, ranking ninth in the country. By far, the largest export was computers and electronic products, which accounted for over 34 percent of total exports. Chemical manufactures and machinery manufactures together made up over 33 percent of exports. Canada, Germany, and the Netherlands were the state’s chief export markets. Exports to the Netherlands tripled from 2001 to 2004, primarily as a result of increased chemical manufactures exports. Exports to China doubled during this period, and the country became the seventh largest market for Massachusetts’s exports. Computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures were the major types of exports to China.

Chemicals 18.6%

Machinery 11.2%

Miscellaneous manufactures 8.8%

Computers and electronic products 34.2%

Other 19.8%

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 3.4%

Table MA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

17 490 16 612 254 624

16 708 15 874 282 552

18 663 17 736 301 626

21 837 20 737 363 737

100.0 95.0 1.7 3.4

7.7 7.7 12.6 5.7

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) .................

8 122 1 534 2 044 1 213 691

7 024 2 267 1 786 1 210 649

7 688 3 216 1 668 1 571 592

7 475 4 907 2 456 1 927 752

34.2 22.5 11.2 8.8 3.4

-2.7 47.4 6.3 16.7 2.8

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ Netherlands ........................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

16 222 2 845 1 401 820 1 964 1 851

15 229 2 710 1 199 1 054 1 599 1 579

17 261 2 642 1 599 1 759 1 636 1 430

20 494 2 899 2 516 2 515 1 815 1 503

93.8 13.3 11.5 11.5 8.3 6.9

8.1 0.6 21.6 45.3 -2.6 -6.7

246

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

7 307 577 637

6 075 518 570

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

79

85

60.2 37.8 2.0

60.0 37.3 2.7

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

418 750 5 543 36 684

755 254 9 234 50 243

483 529 384 933 98 596 66 173

384 314 277 069 107 244 63 262

59.4 27.9 12.7

63.6 25.1 11.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

1 330 8.0

4 268 6.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

49.3

54.0

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming in 2002 showed a decline from the previous farm census in 1997, with sales dropping from $484 million to $384 million. Massachusetts ranked 47th for overall value of agricultural sales in 2002. Greenhouse/nursery products were the state’s leading farm crops. More than 63 percent of farms in Massachusetts had sales of less than $10,000, and just over half of all farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. The majority of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. Just 2.7 percent of Massachusetts’s farms were 500 acres or more. ENERGY As a cold-climate state, Massachusetts had above average energy expenditures per person. Energy prices in the state were the third highest in the nation in 2001. However, its per capita energy consumption of 242 million Btu ranked 47th in the country. The industrial sector used just 16.9 percent of total energy, which was among the smallest proportions of consumption by this sector in the nation. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

800 Transportation 28.9%

Residential 29.7%

600

400

200

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 16.9

Commercial 24.5%

Table MA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

1 054 345 204.8

1 246 656 226.6

1 466 008 257.7

1 422 825 247.1

1 258 975 219.4

1 321 208 224.7

1 417 001 235.5

1 436 942 237.0

1 547 266 243.7

1 548 818 242.0

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

32.9 18.1 28.0 20.9

30.5 19.2 28.8 21.5

30.0 20.6 25.5 23.8

31.8 21.6 20.6 26.0

31.7 22.6 17.2 28.5

30.0 21.2 19.9 28.9

30.4 24.6 16.3 28.7

30.1 25.9 16.1 28.0

29.5 24.1 17.0 29.3

29.7 24.5 16.9 28.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

118 745 80 612 804 268 394 10 570 42 784 0 -3 029

127 922 115 712 957 676 11 407 6 938 48 698 0 -21 696

21 393 149 074 1 242 008 13 272 7 904 57 139 0 -24 782

24 484 154 583 1 126 475 41 636 4 342 48 983 0 22 322

22 845 185 508 917 188 35 255 1 642 59 790 0 36 746

110 246 224 794 799 060 65 141 2 740 59 754 14 710 44 762

114 005 273 910 814 542 53 647 6 030 51 229 6 769 96 870

105 362 391 647 683 705 47 133 644 65 058 6 444 136 949

114 656 357 744 764 187 57 487 3 721 58 328 6 417 184 727

109 032 364 114 762 404 53 745 -90 56 074 3 072 200 468

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

2 298 500 404

4 701 900 817

8 253 100 1 439

9 661 900 1 643

10 783 100 1 792

11 642 700 1 920

14 648 800 2 307

15 956 700 2 493

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.89 2.22 1.64 1.06 2.38

4.12 4.19 4.51 3.36 4.25

8.78 8.40 9.31 8.15 9.03

9.92 10.63 12.66 8.44 8.87

10.35 11.40 12.36 9.43 8.93

11.03 12.06 13.23 9.58 9.58

13.01 13.64 15.92 10.75 12.20

14.18 15.64 20.70 11.66 11.47

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

247

MASSACHUSETTS

Table MA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

16 698 723

100.0

2 602.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

51

0.0

0.0

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

5 462 094 3 743 204 1 718 890 399 764 684 242 425 421 129 989

32.7 22.4 10.3 2.4 4.1 2.5 0.8

851.2 583.3 267.9 62.3 106.6 66.3 20.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

664 556 292 688 90 605 140 493 105 127

4.0 1.8 0.5 0.8 0.6

103.6 45.6 14.1 21.9 16.4

134.9 59.4 6.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

10 572 022 8 830 334 1 301 076 194 706 245 906

63.3 52.9 7.8 1.2 1.5

1 647.5 1 376.1 202.8 30.3 38.3

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000

United States Massachusetts

2,000

Dollars

GOVERNMENT FINANCE The state’s per capita revenues of $4,208 were above the national average in 2003. Expenditures per person were 17th highest in the nation. The state spent higher than average amounts on health and highways, and relatively less on education and public welfare. Massachusetts’s debt per person of $7,551 was second only to Alaska. Per capita taxes amounted to $2,602 in fiscal year 2004. A high proportion of revenue was collected through individual income taxes, which were the highest per capita in the nation. Sales taxes per person were below the U.S. average.

2 024.8

1,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

EDUCATION Table MA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

27 012 438 5 130 127 15 608 027 3 708 069 1 702 851 597 079 8 026 149 1 184 610 389 269 2 191 938 4 082 346

100.0 19.0 57.8 13.7 6.3 2.2 29.7 4.4 1.4 8.1 15.1

4 207.5 799.1 2 431.2 577.6 265.2 93.0 1 250.2 184.5 60.6 341.4 635.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

27 870 663 6 435 841 21 434 822

100.0 23.1 76.9

4 341.2 1 002.5 3 338.8

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 774 160 5 292 878 507 129 1 878 337 2 429 436 424 923 1 049 512 266 116 342 004 1 290 558 2 476 785 5 138 825

24.3 19.0 1.8 6.7 8.7 1.5 3.8 1.0 1.2 4.6 8.9 18.4

1 055.2 824.4 79.0 292.6 378.4 66.2 163.5 41.4 53.3 201.0 385.8 800.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

48 478 722

X

7 551.2

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

59 207 225

X

9 222.3

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

248

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004

Educational Attainment, 2004

(Percent, number.) Item

State

100

U.S.

United States Massachusetts

4 344

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.9 36.7

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

982 989 27.2 5.0 1 894 13.6 10 460

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

440 448 44 726 57.6

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0

Nearly 87 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over had graduated from high school. This was the 28th highest proportion in the nation. Over 36 percent of residents were college graduates, second only to the proportion in the District of Columbia. Massachusetts’s student/teacher ratio was below average. Expenditures per student reached $10,640, which was the fifth highest rate of spending in the nation. Both of these measures reflected a below average proportion of student-age population. Just 27.2 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch; about 40 percent of students were eligible nationally. VOTER PARTICIPATION

High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

Voter turnout was well above the national average in both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, 63.7 percent of eligible voters turned out, which was up from 60.1 percent in 2000. The state ranked among the top 16 for voter participation rates in each election. More than 70 percent of eligible voters age 45 years and over turned out in 2004. About 42 percent of residents age 18 to 24 years voted, a rate similar to the national average for this age group. Massachusetts voted overwhelmingly Democrat

Table MA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 614 2 212 2 403

4 246 2 009 2 237

92.0 90.8 93.1

3 244 1 519 1 725

70.3 68.7 71.8

2 772 1 296 1 476

60.1 58.6 61.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 840 2 299 2 541

4 497 2 115 2 382

92.9 92.0 93.7

3 483 1 641 1 842

72.0 71.4 72.5

3 085 1 429 1 656

63.7 62.2 65.2

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

4 297 4 046 292 199 323 4 318 4 066 292 210

4 049 3 896 273 128 212 4 065 3 913 273 138

94.2 96.3 93.5 64.1 65.7 94.2 96.2 93.5 65.9

3 234 3 131 148 76 140 3 249 3 145 148 85

75.3 77.4 50.7 38.2 43.5 75.2 77.4 50.7 40.3

2 880 2 807 127 59 106 2 894 2 822 127 67

67.0 69.4 43.5 29.4 32.9 67.0 69.4 43.5 32.0

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

662 1 781 1 552 428 417

606 1 601 1 476 415 399

91.5 89.9 95.1 97.0 95.8

348 1 196 1 248 360 331

52.6 67.1 80.4 84.2 79.4

277 1 044 1 140 330 294

41.8 58.6 73.4 77.2 70.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

MICHIGAN At a Glance: • •

Michigan’s population was about 10.1 million in 2004, the eighth highest in the country. Non-Hispanic Whites made up over 78 percent of the population. Blacks accounted for 14.2 percent of residents, which was the 16th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. The state’s median household income of $42,328 was below the U.S. average and ranked 29th in the nation. Michigan’s poverty rate of 13.3 percent was the 17th highest in the country. In 2004, Michigan’s unemployment rate was 7.1 percent, the fourth highest in the country. The state’s real gross state product was the ninth largest of the states, but its growth rate in recent years was among the lowest in the nation. Michigan ranked 19th for proportion of residents age 25 years and over with a high school diploma and 37th for those with a bachelor’s degree or more. The state’s infant mortality rate of 8.1 deaths per 1,000 live births was the 11th highest in the nation.

• •

• •

Table MI-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

9 295 297 3.7

9 938 444 3.5

10 112 620 3.4

X X

0.4 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

4 512 781 4 782 516

4 873 095 5 065 349

4 968 663 5 143 957

49.1 50.9

0.5 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

702 554 1 756 211 1 742 842 6 836 532 1 004 527 2 980 702 1 108 461 106 907

672 005 1 923 762 7 342 677 932 137 2 960 544 2 230 978 1 219 018 142 460

649 842 1 883 597 7 579 181 996 571 2 819 898 2 516 117 1 246 595 175 067

6.4 18.6 74.9 9.9 27.9 24.9 12.3 1.7

-0.7 0.5 0.7 -0.1 -0.4 2.7 0.9 3.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.5

35.5

36.6

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Michigan 1.0

1.2

1.1

0.9 0.7 0.4

0.5

0.0

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Michigan is a state whose fortunes have long been tied to the auto industry. This affects the state’s economic activity and labor market, as well as influencing changes in the population, which fluctuates according to perceptions of economic opportunities. Michigan’s population grew by only 1.8 percent between 2000 and 2004, an increase equal to about half of the national growth rate. This increase was higher than that in Ohio, but far less than those in Indiana and Illinois. Over the period, the state experienced an out-migration of over 116,000 residents, which contributed to its slow growth rate. An influx of nearly 104,000 new residents from abroad prevented the state from experiencing a population loss.

249

250

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MI-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

9 295 297

9 938 444

10 112 620

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

82.3 13.8 0.6 1.1 0.9 ...

79.0 14.2 0.5 1.8 ... 1.2

78.1 14.2 0.5 2.2 ... 1.3

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.2

3.3

3.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 24

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

18

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 12 Non-Hispanic Black 6 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Michigan’s health insurance coverage rate was above average, with just 11.6 percent of residents lacking coverage. The state’s birth rate was below the national average, and its birth rate for teenage mothers was also below average. The infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were well above the U.S. averages. Table MI-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

131 094 13.0 34.4

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

8.1

6.9

884.0 841.5 1 161.8 ... 397.5 658.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.6 6.8 4.5

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000 United States Michigan 750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MI-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

87 057

884.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

35 008 19 824 4 310 3 265 2 681 2 052 1 802 1 379 1 528 953 1 044 1 080 1 029 968 680 701 480 247 155 198 127 134

356.6 200.5 44.0 32.8 27.2 21.0 18.5 13.8 15.6 9.7 10.4 10.8 10.2 9.6 6.7 7.0 4.9 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.3

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MICHIGAN

251

Table MI-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

3 419 331 2 439 171 1 883 143 556 028 113 789 442 239 980 160 809 449 170 711

3 785 661 2 575 699 1 947 710 627 989 154 187 473 802 1 209 962 993 607 216 355

3 923 135 2 629 211 1 978 547 650 664 151 026 499 638 1 293 924 1 097 613 196 311

0.9 0.5 0.4 0.9 -0.5 1.3 1.7 2.5 -2.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.66 3 847 926 3 419 331 2 427 643 991 688

2.56 4 234 279 3 785 661 2 793 124 992 537

2.51 4 433 482 3 923 135 2 928 862 994 273

X 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.0

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

423 60 100

546 115 600

628 145 177

3.6 5.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

60,000

1,000

40,000

Dollars

United States Michigan

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

20,000 United States

250

Michigan 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MI-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 328 46 232 44 868 48 070 49 922

13.3 11.4 11.6 9.4 9.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 242 48 401 45 469 47 019 44 836 44 485 42 046 42 574 43 438 41 955

9.7 11.0 10.3 11.2 12.2 14.1 15.4 13.6 14.1 14.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

45 274 45 219 44 051 43 748 40 590 39 734 ... ... ... ...

13.2 12.1 12.2 13.9 14.5 16.7 16.8 16.2 13.0 12.9

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

252

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MI-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

7 748 568 683 1 295 1 499 1 515 1 018 1 170

5 114 283 531 1 060 1 242 1 239 601 157

66.0 49.9 77.8 81.9 82.8 81.8 59.0 13.5

4 758 230 475 991 1 167 1 175 570 150

7.0 18.9 10.6 6.5 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 738 292 345 625 750 746 480 500

2 720 145 282 568 682 643 309 90

72.8 49.7 81.8 90.9 90.9 86.3 64.4 17.9

2 516 114 250 525 639 610 292 85

7.5 21.1 11.4 7.6 6.2 5.2 5.7 4.8

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 010 276 338 671 749 769 538 670

2 394 138 249 492 560 596 291 68

59.7 50.1 73.7 73.4 74.7 77.5 54.2 10.1

2 241 115 225 466 528 565 279 64

6.4 16.5 9.7 5.3 5.7 5.2 4.4 5.2

2 148 2 061 518

1 631 1 248 355

75.9 60.6 68.5

1 562 1 195 323

4.3 4.3 9.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

6 434 3 138 3 296

4 291 2 327 1 964

66.7 74.2 59.6

4 041 2 178 1 863

5.8 6.4 5.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 005 446 559

610 273 337

60.7 61.2 60.3

523 228 294

14.4 16.4 12.7

Asian .....................................................

169

121

71.7

114

6.1

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

230 118 111

159 96 64

69.4 80.7 57.4

140 82 58

12.3 14.4 9.3

460 541 1 018 1 229 1 280 875 1 032

244 435 843 1 030 1 074 530 136

52.9 80.5 82.8 83.8 83.9 60.6 13.2

204 400 798 980 1 024 504 131

16.2 8.1 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.9 3.9

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table MI-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

18.0 5 078 979 5 053 506 5 038 821 5 131 908 5 157 374

4 719 343 4 695 148 4 724 036 4 864 600 4 967 218

359 636 358 358 314 785 267 308 190 156

7.1 7.1 6.2 5.2 3.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

5 089 421 5 007 953 4 963 077 4 888 192 4 834 939 4 804 463 4 711 598 4 661 696 4 588 881 4 619 988

4 897 144 4 809 503 4 748 691 4 647 116 4 576 521 4 508 900 4 364 545 4 234 783 4 162 074 4 262 409

192 277 198 450 214 386 241 076 258 418 295 563 347 053 426 913 426 807 357 579

3.8 4.0 4.3 4.9 5.3 6.2 7.4 9.2 9.3 7.7

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

United States

15.0

Michigan

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MICHIGAN

253

Table MI-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

5 539 887 72 906 5 466 981 4 767 485 16 835 14 278 21 698 304 276 843 743 670 371 173 372 196 162 654 619 134 666 87 123 207 866 167 758 366 306 68 848 322 152 73 183 551 775 100 369 350 383 285 445 699 496

5 482 838 72 733 5 410 105 4 709 470 16 462 12 691 20 965 295 876 779 467 615 829 163 638 189 835 640 847 132 822 83 468 212 416 172 048 360 440 70 687 325 326 77 763 567 008 102 854 354 602 293 893 700 635

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

36 756 29 132 36 786 37 244 18 452 44 359 67 292 42 726 49 656 51 663 41 788 50 950 21 669 40 866 47 228 48 867 28 728 60 358 84 414 26 551 22 646 33 398 23 299 12 237 23 159 34 177

37 520 31 696 37 542 37 859 19 063 44 174 69 505 42 968 51 950 54 131 43 619 51 506 22 477 42 021 47 155 49 654 29 505 60 343 77 616 27 838 23 044 34 556 24 814 12 497 23 385 35 781

5 450 988 72 601 5 378 387 4 681 618 15 318 13 682 21 108 291 737 737 845 579 117 158 728 187 291 632 131 129 645 81 382 216 461 181 608 354 617 69 615 333 519 81 854 580 209 103 706 356 380 293 510 696 769

5 466 794 74 259 5 392 535 4 700 629 15 609 14 049 21 019 294 286 717 055 562 364 154 691 185 213 631 789 130 209 79 392 216 004 189 866 352 592 69 775 344 597 86 531 589 115 104 547 361 552 297 429 691 906

-0.4 0.6 -0.5 -0.5 -2.5 -0.5 -1.1 -1.1 -5.3 -5.7 -3.7 -1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -3.0 1.3 4.2 -1.3 0.4 2.3 5.7 2.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 -0.4

39 745 25 457 39 810 40 119 20 854 50 493 73 139 43 762 55 998 58 366 47 279 55 719 23 569 45 482 51 385 52 871 29 964 64 653 91 821 29 646 24 469 36 826 25 927 13 018 24 828 38 106

2.6 -4.4 2.7 2.5 4.2 4.4 2.8 0.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 3.6 2.9 2.7 1.4 2.3 2.8 3.7 2.6 3.3 3.6 2.1 2.3 3.7

Dollars 38 784 22 650 38 851 39 174 19 837 47 339 74 000 43 118 55 391 57 784 46 545 53 455 22 981 43 817 49 127 51 540 29 364 62 727 82 550 28 488 23 851 35 532 25 135 12 691 24 106 37 072

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Michigan’s unemployment rate has been above the national average since 2001; in 2004, it was the seventh highest in the nation. This was partly due to the state’s economic reliance on the auto industry, which has recently experienced hard times. Manufacturing was the largest employer of wage and salary workers in Michigan, accounting for 13 percent of total jobs in 2004. However, manufacturing employment was down 15 percent from 2001. Job losses also occurred in information services, professional and technical services, retail trade, and construction. Average wages and salaries were above the national average, particularly in manufacturing, construction, and management, but their rate of growth was somewhat below average.

Employment by Industry, 2004 13.1% Manufacturing Government and government enterprises 38.8%

12.7% Retail trade Health care and social assistance 11.6%

Accommodation and food services Professional and technical services

6.4%

6.6%

10.8%

Other

254

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MI-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

75 853 57 828 13 177 4 848 330 4 519 7 181 355 69 026 12 625 13 809 95 460 94 945 514

135 305 102 779 22 152 10 375 371 10 003 15 869 457 119 893 32 537 23 758 176 189 175 455 734

231 181 175 327 37 854 18 000 -60 18 060 26 411 1 005 205 775 49 515 38 938 294 227 293 710 517

233 875 173 102 37 180 23 593 -278 23 871 26 358 1 063 208 580 47 635 43 327 299 542 299 226 316

238 530 173 457 42 252 22 820 -208 23 029 26 746 1 131 212 914 45 766 44 855 303 535 303 145 390

251 867 176 653 49 606 25 608 118 25 490 27 496 1 202 225 573 45 883 47 035 318 491 317 913 578

253 959 180 245 46 394 27 319 194 27 126 28 217 1 282 227 024 48 154 48 956 324 134 323 380 754

2.4 0.7 5.2 11.0 X 10.7 1.7 6.3 2.5 -0.7 5.9 2.4 2.4 9.9

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 314

18 922

29 552

29 940

30 225

31 589

32 052

2.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

United States Michigan

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) declined sharply during the 2001 recession and recovered slowly in subsequent years. From 2003 to 2004, Michigan’s GSP grew just 1.2 percent, which was the lowest rate of growth in the nation. The construction and mining sectors declined considerably from 2001 to 2004. Retail trade and the service industries of information, real estate, and “other” services (a sector that supplies temporary workers to other industries) were the chief contributors to growth during the 2003–2004 period. The rate of housing price appreciation was less than half the national average rate. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Michigan ranked 24th in the nation, totaling $145,177.

Table MI-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

317 263 3.7

322 475 3.6

333 567 3.5

337 185 3.5

328 228 3.3

333 714 3.3

340 972 3.3

344 954 3.2

1.7 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

283 962 1 396 682 5 907 14 640 69 880 22.0 17 702 20 518 7 652 7 430 15 424 41 580 81 688 25.7 23 481 10 356 9 580 1 479 20 420 2 014 6 422 7 936 33 350 10.5

289 842 1 397 695 5 931 15 269 71 109 22.1 19 654 21 447 7 532 7 955 16 180 39 546 83 399 25.9 25 297 10 002 10 136 1 528 19 968 2 043 6 724 7 701 32 645 10.1

300 384 1 631 662 6 411 15 778 75 290 22.6 20 402 21 983 8 139 8 725 16 860 39 191 85 369 25.6 26 392 9 787 10 799 1 532 20 302 2 251 6 792 7 514 33 182 9.9

303 519 1 587 649 6 438 15 888 76 326 22.6 19 833 22 841 8 367 8 769 17 290 38 200 87 332 25.9 28 273 9 033 10 578 1 557 20 828 2 585 7 121 7 357 33 665 10.0

294 722 1 455 594 6 619 14 857 68 573 20.9 20 392 24 414 7 776 9 325 17 461 39 709 83 549 25.5 26 430 7 831 9 898 1 521 21 015 2 683 6 885 7 286 33 500 10.2

300 245 1 700 586 6 501 14 206 72 065 21.6 20 713 25 063 8 293 9 377 18 899 38 747 84 281 25.3 26 385 7 425 10 541 1 534 21 653 2 836 6 859 7 048 33 480 10.0

307 525 1 632 551 7 193 13 544 76 418 22.4 20 308 25 985 8 778 10 005 19 761 37 597 86 320 25.3 27 130 7 753 11 089 1 515 22 159 2 815 6 903 6 956 33 496 9.8

311 493 1 558 537 7 202 13 281 76 646 22.2 20 285 26 828 9 016 10 810 20 009 38 225 87 765 25.4 26 945 8 122 11 473 1 518 22 460 2 786 7 125 7 336 33 519 9.7

1.9 2.3 -3.3 2.9 -3.7 3.8 X -0.2 3.2 5.1 5.0 4.6 -1.3 1.7 X 0.6 1.2 5.0 -0.1 2.2 1.3 1.1 0.2 0.0 X

X = Not applicable.

MICHIGAN

255

Table MI-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

13 112

22 414

36 675

40 833

42 807

45 147

47 080

6.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

5 234 5 001 108 103 23

10 366 10 014 171 139 42

16 231 15 900 218 60 53

17 176 16 835 223 64 54

18 004 17 650 231 63 59

18 659 18 252 236 65 107

19 490 19 069 240 67 115

4.7 4.6 2.5 2.7 21.4

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 866 1 653 1 200 14

7 049 4 337 2 678 35

14 891 8 178 6 679 35

17 165 9 051 8 063 51

17 185 9 676 7 436 73

18 305 10 227 8 017 62

19 614 11 213 8 328 73

7.1 8.2 5.7 20.8

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 973 236 1 079 287 371

3 035 486 1 244 696 610

3 729 1 086 915 456 1 272

3 850 1 102 855 536 1 357

4 163 1 098 884 658 1 522

4 487 1 166 824 813 1 684

4 781 1 219 807 950 1 806

6.4 2.9 -3.1 20.2 9.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

2 421

1 181

905

1 613

2 355

2 563

1 992

21.8

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

448

476

566

591

644

690

726

6.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

166

297

332

395

437

425

455

8.2

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

9

21

43

19

18

22

0.9

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

One bright spot in the state’s economy was the export sector, in which the value of goods increased at a 3.2 percent annual rate between 2001 and 2004. Michigan ranked fourth in the country for exports in 2004, with total exports valued at over $35.6 billion. Transportation equipment accounted for nearly 52 percent of total exports. The value of these exports improved from a slump in 2003, but remained slightly below their 2001 level. Other chief exports in 2004 were machinery manufactures and chemical manufactures. Canada was by far the state’s largest export market, followed distantly by Mexico. Exports to China have more than doubled since 2001, with the country becoming Michigan’s seventh largest market in 2004.

Transportation equipment 51.9% Machinery 10.3% Chemicals 8.6% Computers and electronic products 4.2% Oil and gas 4.1%

Other 20.8%

Table MI-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

32 366 31 401 607 358

33 775 32 685 721 369

32 941 31 535 991 415

35 625 33 286 1 910 429

100.0 93.4 5.4 1.2

3.2 2.0 46.5 6.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Oil and gas extraction (211) ...................................................

18 559 3 489 2 524 1 464 191

19 583 3 584 2 823 1 404 319

18 086 3 372 2 785 1 444 526

18 499 3 680 3 059 1 503 1 470

51.9 10.3 8.6 4.2 4.1

-0.1 1.8 6.6 0.9 97.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................ United Kingdom .....................................................................

30 921 17 562 4 791 1 204 928 946

32 338 19 801 4 239 1 116 989 779

31 503 19 799 4 006 1 100 973 706

34 059 21 486 4 173 1 069 1 010 660

95.6 60.3 11.7 3.0 2.8 1.9

3.3 7.0 -4.5 -3.9 2.8 -11.3

256

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MI-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 53 519 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 10 443 935

2002

53 315 10 142 958

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

195

190

34.8 55.9 9.3

41.1 49.9 9.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

335 580 1 704 62 011

509 299 2 667 73 910

3 694 670 2 314 487 1 380 183 69 035

3 772 435 2 362 628 1 409 807 70 757

54.7 31.3 14.0

62.2 25.7 12.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

97 638 45.2

144 771 34.0

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

45.1

54.5

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $3.8 billion in 2002, an increase of 5.6 percent from the 1997 farm census. The state ranked 22nd in the nation for value of agricultural sales. Michigan’s chief products were dairy, greenhouse/ nursery products, and soybeans. In 2002, 62.2 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000, up from 54.7 percent in 1997. The proportion of farms spanning fewer than 50 acres increased from 34.8 percent to 41.1 percent during this period. The proportion of farm operators reporting farming as their principal occupation rose to 54.5 percent in 2002. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were relatively low, ranking 40th in the country in 2001. Michigan’s energy prices were also among the lowest in the nation. The state’s per capita energy consumption of 312 Btu was the 34th highest in the nation. The industrial sector was the largest consumer of energy. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,200 Transportation 28.9%

Residential 29.7%

900 600 300 0 -300 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 16.9%

Commercial 24.5%

Table MI-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

1 852 172 236.8

2 291 403 274.2

2 725 983 306.9

2 889 369 316.9

2 882 254 311.2

2 655 806 292.6

2 850 637 306.7

3 104 634 321.4

3 252 097 327.2

3 119 999 311.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

26.1 9.6 43.4 20.9

24.4 10.6 44.6 20.4

25.8 12.1 40.4 21.8

25.6 13.7 37.9 22.9

26.4 14.6 37.4 21.5

26.2 15.0 35.8 23.0

24.9 15.7 35.6 23.8

25.3 19.0 31.1 24.6

24.4 19.4 31.1 25.1

25.3 19.2 29.8 25.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

653 141 382 980 713 863 0 21 839 37 260 4 264 38 824

830 191 563 563 804 654 2 132 18 954 36 904 -1 410 36 415

828 881 821 261 979 111 4 113 17 878 36 432 -1 365 39 673

750 983 894 795 1 098 861 79 031 11 553 35 906 1 091 17 150

759 026 874 654 965 363 173 339 12 464 87 606 19 396 -9 593

781 884 719 871 836 004 142 886 10 416 95 367 1 334 68 043

788 030 898 849 904 545 228 682 9 704 78 992 -36 443 -21 722

786 695 992 718 982 585 256 879 8 924 90 377 20 748 -34 292

799 792 984 345 1 064 028 196 925 3 815 92 269 282 110 641

796 467 928 650 1 041 719 279 074 4 427 79 452 -5 688 -4 103

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

3 737 300 421

7 611 200 835

14 414 500 1 556

16 365 400 1 803

16 709 900 1 798

17 815 200 1 844

22 483 100 2 262

21 912 700 2 190

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.70 1.73 2.14 1.02 2.50

3.33 3.13 3.40 2.54 4.46

6.59 5.53 6.37 4.97 9.63

8.43 8.75 10.08 6.96 8.96

7.99 8.46 10.09 6.27 8.53

7.88 8.43 10.50 5.69 8.16

9.63 9.50 11.76 6.51 11.41

9.77 10.39 12.04 6.60 10.86

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

257

MICHIGAN

Table MI-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

24 061 065

100.0

2 379.2

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

2 803 017

11.6

277.2

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

10 844 250 7 894 458 2 949 792 149 424 230 272 1 081 259 992 793 356 203

45.1 32.8 12.3 0.6 1.0 4.5 4.1 1.5

1 072.3 780.6 291.7 14.8 22.8 106.9 98.2 35.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

1 545 457 1 064 774 171 844 146 089

6.4 4.4 0.7 0.6

152.8 105.3 17.0 14.4

134.9 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

8 868 341 6 576 065 1 841 010 317 480

36.9 27.3 7.7 1.3

876.9 650.3 182.0 31.4

847.6 673.6 105.1 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Michigan

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, Michigan was above the national averages for state revenues and expenditures per person, ranking 15th and 17th in the nation, respectively. Per capita spending on education and health was also above the national average, while public welfare expenditures were below average. In fiscal year 2004, Michigan’s per capita taxes amounted to $2,379, making them the 11th highest in the country. The largest component of these taxes was sales receipts. Individual taxes per person amounted to $650, which ranked 28th in the nation and below the U.S. average. The state’s property taxes were the third highest among the 37 states with property taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MI-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

43 010 240 12 221 555 22 748 159 7 685 308 2 508 924 1 339 579 6 519 643 1 843 072 2 851 633 5 218 416 2 822 110

100.0 28.4 52.9 17.9 5.8 3.1 15.2 4.3 6.6 12.1 6.6

4 266.0 1 212.2 2 256.3 762.3 248.8 132.9 646.7 182.8 282.8 517.6 279.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

44 522 173 19 851 778 24 670 395

100.0 44.6 55.4

4 416.0 1 969.0 2 447.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

19 262 143 9 138 181 1 672 783 3 748 496 2 786 999 320 612 1 678 957 489 925 137 989 910 980 1 044 621 3 330 487

43.3 20.5 3.8 8.4 6.3 0.7 3.8 1.1 0.3 2.0 2.3 7.5

1 910.6 906.4 165.9 371.8 276.4 31.8 166.5 48.6 13.7 90.4 103.6 330.3

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

22 478 857

X

2 229.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

65 431 886

X

6 490.0

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

258

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MI-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004

Educational Attainment, 2004

(Percent, number.) Item

State

100

U.S.

United States Michigan

6 444

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.9 24.4

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 785 160 34.4 3.5 3 871 18.1 8 781

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

615 527 50 178 57.5

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Michigan had an above average proportion of high school graduates age 25 years and over in 2004. The state’s proportion of college graduates in that age group ranked 37th in the nation, with 24.4 percent of residents holding a bachelor’s degree or more. The state’s per student expenditures of $8,781 were the 15th highest in the nation. The student/teacher ratio of 18.1 was the 7th highest in the country, well above the national average of 15.9. Over 34 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was below the U.S. proportion of 40.6 percent.

Voter turnout was much higher than the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. Nearly two-thirds of eligible women in Michigan voted in the 2004 election. The participation rates for non-Hispanic Whites and for Blacks were both over 62 percent. Voter turnout among Asians and Hispanics was low, at 21.2 percent and 35.5 percent, respectively. In 2004, more than 50 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years cast ballots, which was much higher than the national proportion of 41.9 percent for this age group. In 2000, 51.3 percent of eligible residents voted for the Democratic presidential ticket. In 2004, that proportion declined slightly to 51.2 percent.

Table MI-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

7 231 3 517 3 713

6 963 3 387 3 576

96.3 96.3 96.3

4 996 2 387 2 609

69.1 67.9 70.3

4 343 2 057 2 287

60.1 58.5 61.6

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

7 452 3 604 3 848

7 177 3 451 3 726

96.3 95.7 96.8

5 364 2 519 2 845

72.0 69.9 73.9

4 818 2 261 2 558

64.7 62.7 66.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

6 163 5 984 957 173 201 6 230 6 051 968 180

6 023 5 895 928 73 144 6 090 5 962 940 80

97.7 98.5 97.0 42.3 71.3 97.8 98.5 97.1 44.6

4 526 4 462 676 41 73 4 582 4 517 686 48

73.4 74.6 70.7 23.7 36.5 73.5 74.7 70.9 26.7

4 083 4 021 599 37 71 4 128 4 066 609 44

66.3 67.2 62.6 21.2 35.5 66.3 67.2 62.9 24.2

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 046 2 671 2 543 638 554

986 2 530 2 486 626 549

94.2 94.7 97.8 98.1 99.1

644 1 865 1 928 488 438

61.6 69.8 75.8 76.5 79.2

539 1 631 1 788 462 398

51.5 61.1 70.3 72.5 71.8

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

MINNESOTA At a Glance: •

In 2004, Minnesota’s population was just over 5.1 million, making it the 21st most populous state in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites were the overwhelming majority in the state, accounting for about 87 per cent of the population (the 12th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation). American Indians made up 1.1 percent of the state’s population, which was among the 15 highest proportions of this racial group in the country. Minnesota’s median household income of $56,125 was the fourth highest in the country. The state’s poverty rate of 7.0 percent was the second lowest in the nation, behind only New Hampshire. The unemployment rate was 4.7 percent, which was below the national average. Real gross state product was the 17th largest in the country. In 2004, over 92 percent of Minnesota’s residents age 25 years and over held a high school diploma. This was the highest proportion in the country. The state ranked 10th for proportion of college graduates in that same age group Less than 9 percent of Minnesota’s residents lacked health insurance, which was the lowest proportion in the country.

•

•

• •

•

Table MN-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 375 099 1.8

4 919 479 1.7

5 100 958 1.7

X X

0.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 145 183 2 229 916

2 435 631 2 483 848

2 531 918 2 569 040

49.6 50.4

1.0 0.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

336 800 829 983 772 746 3 208 316 442 809 1 445 827 546 934 68 835

329 594 957 300 3 632 585 470 434 1 497 320 1 070 565 594 266 85 601

332 024 908 256 3 860 678 530 997 1 471 584 1 242 918 615 179 98 215

6.5 17.8 75.7 10.4 28.8 24.4 12.1 1.9

-0.2 0.7 1.3 1.3 0.1 3.5 0.9 2.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.4

35.4

36.4

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.0

0.9

Minnesota

1.2

1.2

1.1

0.9

0.7 0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Minnesota’s population increased 3.7 percent between 2000 and 2004, a rate of growth that ranked below the national average. However, this increase was greater than those of its neighbors, Wisconsin, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Iowa. Minnesota gained more than 60,000 new residents from abroad, while losing just 7,700 to other states. With just 4 percent of the state’s population made up of Blacks, Minnesota ranked 33rd in the nation for proportion of this racial group. The state had a below average proportions of population under 18 years old and over 65 years old, giving it an above average proportion of working-age population.

259

260

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MN-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 375 099

4 919 479

5 100 958

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

93.7 2.1 1.1 1.8 0.5 ...

88.3 3.6 1.1 3.0 ... 1.2

86.7 4.0 1.1 3.4 ... 1.3

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.2

2.9

3.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

10

Percent

Rate (per 100,000 population)

15

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

5

Two or more races 0

HEALTH Minnesota’s infant mortality rate was well below the U.S. average. The state’s age-adjusted death rate was the second lowest in the nation. It’s birth rate was slightly below average, and its birth rate for teenage mothers was the seventh lowest in the country.

Table MN-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

70 050 13.8 26.6

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.5

6.9

749.2 734.5 969.0 1 205.4 532.4 579.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

8.9 6.8 4.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

United States Minnesota

750

500

250

0 All causes

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

Item

1,000

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MN-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

37 978

749.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

12 637 9 131 1 927 1 812 1 246 858 1 173 644 680 247 472 314 343 208 319 131 467 59 61 98 62 39

245.9 186.2 38.8 35.5 24.9 16.2 22.0 12.8 13.3 4.9 9.4 6.2 7.0 4.1 6.4 2.6 9.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MINNESOTA

261

Table MN-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 647 853 1 130 683 942 524 188 159 46 605 141 554 517 170 413 531 103 639

1 895 127 1 255 141 1 018 245 236 896 68 114 168 782 639 986 509 468 130 518

2 054 900 1 363 340 1 105 557 257 783 77 669 180 114 691 560 561 313 130 247

2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 3.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 -0.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.58 1 848 445 1 647 853 1 183 673 464 180

2.52 2 065 946 1 895 127 1 412 865 482 262

2.41 2 212 701 2 054 900 1 547 452 507 448

X 1.7 2.0 2.3 1.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

422 73 700

566 122 400

673 181 135

4.4 10.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

70,000

1,000

60,000

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

250

50,000

Dollars

United States Minnesota

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

40,000 30,000 20,000 United States

10,000

Minnesota 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MN-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

56 125 54 243 57 375 56 216 59 507

7.0 7.4 6.5 7.4 5.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

53 317 55 467 49 955 49 136 46 691 42 417 43 359 40 877 39 871 44 096

7.3 10.3 9.6 9.8 9.2 11.7 11.6 13.0 12.9 12.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 406 44 628 44 655 43 482 39 944 42 279 ... ... ... ...

11.2 11.6 11.3 12.5 12.6 9.1 12.1 13.3 10.9 8.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

262

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MN-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 943 290 373 645 822 810 481 523

2 941 173 321 563 728 713 345 98

74.6 59.7 86.0 87.3 88.6 88.0 71.7 18.8

2 800 152 297 532 707 686 333 95

4.8 12.4 7.4 5.5 3.0 3.8 3.5 3.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 937 144 193 325 412 406 230 227

1 556 86 176 301 389 377 175 53

80.3 59.4 91.0 92.6 94.5 92.8 76.1 23.4

1 470 73 160 281 376 362 167 51

5.5 14.6 8.9 6.7 3.3 4.1 4.6 3.3

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 006 146 180 320 410 404 251 296

1 384 88 145 262 339 336 170 45

69.0 60.1 80.7 81.9 82.7 83.2 67.7 15.2

1 330 79 137 251 330 324 166 44

3.9 10.3 5.6 4.1 2.6 3.5 2.4 2.9

1 125 1 115 169

931 795 127

82.8 71.3 75.5

898 774 119

3.5 2.6 6.3

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 589 1 769 1 820

2 681 1 419 1 263

74.7 80.2 69.4

2 566 1 347 1 219

4.3 5.0 3.4

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

124 63 61

94 54 39

75.7 85.9 65.2

82 47 35

12.9 14.0 11.5

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

166 79 87

123 65 58

74.4 82.6 66.9

117 62 55

5.0 4.7 5.4

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

102

81

78.9

76

6.4

253 323 545 742 764 459 503

153 281 482 661 678 333 93

60.4 86.9 88.5 89.1 88.7 72.4 18.6

136 261 457 645 655 321 91

10.9 7.0 5.3 2.5 3.4 3.4 2.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

Table MN-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

12.0

Unemployment rate

United States Minnesota

2 951 682 2 929 371 2 899 623 2 875 568 2 823 168

2 813 831 2 786 091 2 767 058 2 764 353 2 733 110

137 851 143 280 132 565 111 215 90 058

4.7 4.9 4.6 3.9 3.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 763 825 2 731 716 2 694 348 2 670 174 2 626 995 2 576 491 2 515 074 2 467 219 2 427 046 2 390 010

2 686 942 2 656 674 2 605 673 2 565 808 2 529 464 2 471 516 2 391 055 2 341 011 2 300 781 2 275 853

76 883 75 042 88 675 104 366 97 531 104 975 124 019 126 208 126 265 114 157

2.8 2.7 3.3 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.8

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Percent

9.0

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MINNESOTA

263

Table MN-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 363 442 100 729 3 262 713 2 854 359 13 290 7 726 12 922 181 710 392 053 251 081 140 972 141 171 376 856 112 014 77 164 174 765 90 350 190 046 65 333 152 275 61 852 351 553 65 561 203 449 184 269 408 354

3 362 183 101 094 3 261 089 2 851 720 14 503 7 129 12 490 182 596 370 852 234 917 135 935 138 156 375 739 105 374 73 523 177 945 92 899 187 145 62 122 150 964 65 957 366 718 69 183 205 877 192 548 409 369

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

35 801 29 130 35 843 36 351 17 929 49 222 67 141 44 084 42 437 44 505 38 762 51 390 21 084 41 619 47 344 60 430 32 021 56 083 77 691 24 662 22 233 32 742 22 478 12 530 21 724 32 914

36 670 31 689 36 700 37 046 19 248 49 361 69 623 44 738 44 332 46 508 40 582 52 661 21 737 42 175 47 605 60 163 33 587 56 628 79 571 25 493 22 541 34 020 23 306 12 749 22 769 34 728

3 378 332 99 960 3 278 372 2 870 979 13 440 7 061 12 259 188 365 358 747 226 219 132 528 137 671 377 318 104 030 69 404 181 242 99 118 186 893 60 725 154 256 67 973 380 728 70 101 207 871 193 777 407 393

3 423 684 99 189 3 324 495 2 916 519 13 488 7 128 12 211 193 061 357 013 228 926 128 087 139 264 380 402 105 918 67 894 181 744 103 960 189 493 64 490 160 964 70 109 390 438 70 499 212 914 195 529 407 976

0.6 -0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 -2.6 -1.9 2.0 -3.1 -3.0 -3.1 -0.5 0.3 -1.8 -4.2 1.3 4.8 -0.1 -0.4 1.9 4.3 3.6 2.5 1.5 2.0 0.0

39 551 27 981 39 626 40 060 20 605 56 567 75 382 46 464 49 074 52 235 43 451 57 277 23 063 44 055 53 310 67 948 35 015 60 696 88 483 27 064 24 372 36 471 24 695 13 394 24 606 37 119

3.4 -1.3 3.4 3.3 4.7 4.7 3.9 1.8 5.0 5.5 3.9 3.7 3.0 1.9 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.7 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.2 2.2 4.2 4.1

Dollars 37 789 24 309 37 880 38 212 19 538 54 336 67 949 45 334 46 550 49 305 41 871 54 500 22 148 43 081 49 590 64 252 34 834 58 398 79 149 26 250 23 392 35 053 24 225 13 075 23 572 35 976

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The state’s unemployment rate has been low relative to the national average since the mid-1990s. Wage and salary employment was concentrated in government, health care, retail trade, and manufacturing. Employment growth stagnated in 2002, following the previous year’s recession, but grew steadily in both 2003 and 2004. Manufacturing employment declined throughout the 2001–2004 period, but this was offset by job growth in the services sector, particularly in health care, real estate, administrative services, educational services, and touristrelated activities. Average wages and salaries were generally higher than the national average in goods-producing industries, but lower than average in many service-providing industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004 11.9% Government and government enterprises 11.4%

Health care and social assistance Retail trade

43.2%

Manufacturing 11.1%

Accommodation and food services Other services, except public administration

10.4% 5.7%

6.2%

Other

264

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MN-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

33 418 25 327 4 702 3 389 702 2 688 3 111 -92 30 215 6 826 4 857 41 898 40 973 924

68 073 50 978 10 201 6 894 1 572 5 322 7 823 -469 59 781 17 517 10 020 87 318 85 422 1 896

125 416 96 448 18 346 10 623 455 10 168 14 734 -1 040 109 642 31 339 16 983 157 964 156 988 976

129 156 99 663 19 508 9 984 -137 10 121 15 342 -1 136 112 677 30 918 18 982 162 578 162 166 412

133 352 101 354 21 613 10 385 -1 10 386 15 760 -1 131 116 461 29 926 20 594 166 980 166 415 565

138 386 104 250 23 268 10 868 417 10 452 16 412 -1 168 120 806 30 876 21 619 173 300 172 400 900

148 042 110 065 25 398 12 579 1 117 11 461 17 357 -1 231 129 454 32 232 22 829 184 515 182 864 1 651

4.2 3.4 8.5 4.3 25.2 3.0 4.2 X 4.2 0.7 7.7 4.0 3.9 14.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 256

19 891

32 017

32 609

33 229

34 221

36 173

3.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000

United States Minnesota

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Minnesota’s real gross state product was the 17th largest in the nation in 2004. From 2001 to 2004, it grew by 10.5 percent, a rate above the national average. The main sectors contributing to this increase were durable goods manufacturing, real estate and related activities, and transportation and warehousing. Agriculture also showed a high rate of growth during this period. Housing price appreciation was close to the national average. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Minnesota was $181,135, the 15th highest in the nation and nearly $30,000 above the U.S. average.

Year

Table MN-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

163 072 1.9

172 257 1.9

176 736 1.9

185 431 1.9

186 611 1.9

191 718 1.9

198 526 1.9

206 216 1.9

3.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

144 969 2 328 525 2 538 7 835 24 045 14.7 11 137 9 991 5 809 5 307 13 625 18 801 43 172 26.5 9 447 7 544 4 374 1 265 11 209 1 427 3 380 4 526 18 155 11.1

154 248 2 491 595 2 565 8 401 25 853 15.0 12 234 10 882 5 711 5 709 15 342 19 662 44 735 26.0 10 234 7 243 4 678 1 315 11 519 1 485 3 577 4 684 18 011 10.5

158 287 1 933 576 2 682 8 947 25 493 14.4 12 673 11 516 6 179 6 400 15 462 20 196 46 305 26.2 10 909 7 212 4 870 1 366 12 113 1 446 3 872 4 517 18 450 10.4

166 186 2 120 614 2 664 9 135 28 013 15.1 12 606 12 370 6 764 6 595 17 071 20 857 47 380 25.6 11 387 7 274 4 420 1 378 12 733 1 513 4 214 4 461 19 245 10.4

167 414 2 061 448 2 561 9 218 25 943 13.9 13 772 12 901 6 516 6 767 18 063 22 282 46 902 25.1 11 335 6 778 4 209 1 317 13 249 1 502 4 075 4 437 19 198 10.3

172 303 2 600 459 2 743 9 098 27 001 14.1 14 302 13 853 6 495 7 249 18 511 22 105 47 962 25.0 11 422 6 628 4 344 1 312 14 062 1 614 4 147 4 433 19 425 10.1

179 234 2 623 475 2 837 9 109 28 807 14.5 14 331 14 675 7 025 7 436 20 863 22 134 49 128 24.7 11 740 6 536 4 569 1 275 14 666 1 657 4 255 4 430 19 342 9.7

186 711 2 506 438 3 155 9 179 30 503 14.8 14 836 15 510 7 315 8 346 21 802 22 204 51 354 24.9 12 087 7 316 4 746 1 266 15 150 1 631 4 426 4 732 19 583 9.5

3.7 6.7 -0.7 7.2 -0.1 5.5 X 2.5 6.3 3.9 7.2 6.5 -0.1 3.1 X 2.2 2.6 4.1 -1.3 4.6 2.8 2.8 2.2 0.7 X

X = Not applicable.

MINNESOTA

265

Table MN-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 552

9 376

15 748

17 618

19 342

20 441

21 633

8.3

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 234 2 068 136 29 1

4 447 4 103 208 131 5

7 001 6 636 239 111 16

7 427 7 051 241 118 17

7 807 7 419 246 122 20

8 131 7 715 250 121 46

8 523 8 093 254 126 50

5.0 5.1 1.6 3.3 33.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 240 605 628 7

3 268 1 576 1 679 13

6 539 2 921 3 604 15

7 541 3 236 4 281 23

8 370 3 464 4 873 33

8 992 3 662 5 305 25

10 008 4 025 5 954 30

11.2 8.3 13.4 19.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

444 52 211 67 114

863 156 363 174 171

1 254 350 305 165 434

1 346 371 329 177 468

1 435 391 330 204 510

1 568 409 339 232 588

1 601 427 298 258 619

6.3 5.0 -0.6 11.8 9.3

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

314

342

393

663

1 039

1 032

730

16.8

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

236

282

379

405

449

484

523

8.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

81

163

164

209

226

218

233

9.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

4

12

19

27

16

17

14

-7.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Machinery 14.8%

Minnesota ranked as the 21st largest exporter of goods in 2004. Since 2001, the value of the state’s exports has grown by over 20 percent. The chief exports were computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures. About one-fourth of the state’s exports went to Canada, followed by Ireland and Japan. Exports to Ireland doubled from 2001 to 2004, primarily as a result of the increase in miscellaneous manufactures exports, which were the state’s third largest export. The value of exports to Japan fell from 2001 to 2003, as the country dropped to become Minnesota’s third largest market. Exports to the Netherlands and China have increased significantly since 2001.

Miscellaneuous manufactures 14.4% Computers and electronic products 27.9%

Transportation equipment 9.4% Processed foods 6.9% Other 26.6%

Table MN-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

10 524 9 730 621 174

10 402 9 518 731 153

11 266 10 455 648 162

12 678 11 764 675 239

100.0 92.8 5.3 1.9

6.4 6.5 2.8 11.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Processed foods (311) ...........................................................

3 875 1 420 769 844 666

3 279 1 374 1 112 1 061 700

3 355 1 491 1 694 1 141 731

3 533 1 882 1 828 1 189 871

27.9 14.8 14.4 9.4 6.9

-3.0 9.8 33.5 12.1 9.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Ireland .................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Netherlands ........................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

9 757 2 635 649 1 053 389 519

9 708 2 819 767 840 407 587

10 498 2 902 1 204 846 575 579

11 711 3 213 1 312 880 670 598

92.4 25.3 10.3 6.9 5.3 4.7

6.3 6.8 26.4 -5.8 19.9 4.8

266

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MN-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 78 755 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 27 560 621

2002

80 839 27 512 270

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

350

340

20.0 59.8 20.2

24.9 56.1 19.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

398 576 1 148 81 809

517 132 1 513 86 369

8 404 722 4 312 433 4 092 288 106 720

8 575 627 4 562 882 4 012 745 106 083

39.8 34.2 26.0

48.2 28.9 22.9

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

336 311 66.6

350 709 54.3

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

57.3

62.9

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Minnesota was a major farming state. In 2002, cash receipts from farming totaled nearly $8.6 billion, a 3.4 percent increase from the previous farm census in 1997. The state ranked sixth in the nation for the value of total sales. Dairy, soybeans, and corn were the state’s leading products. Over half of Minnesota’s farms had sales of $10,000 or more. More than 75 percent of the state’s farms spanned 50 acres or more, which was among the highest proportions of farms of this size in the nation. Nearly 63 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person reached nearly $2,500, ranking 20th in the nation in 2001. Minnesota’s per capita energy consumption was above average, but down from the previous year. Energy prices in the state were slightly below average. Petroleum, coal, and natural gas were Minnesota’s chief sources of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

800

Residential 21.8%

Transportation 28.8%

600

400

200

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 30.2%

Commercial 19.2%

Table MN-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

723 854 212.0

866 352 241.2

1 107 673 291.0

1 246 044 316.9

1 228 328 301.4

1 255 450 300.0

1 386 575 316.9

1 633 922 354.8

1 787 959 363.4

1 744 512 349.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

27.2 9.0 38.8 25.1

27.6 8.5 40.0 23.9

26.9 12.6 35.8 24.7

25.2 13.5 35.7 25.6

24.8 11.8 36.4 27.0

24.5 14.9 34.3 26.4

23.1 14.4 38.2 24.3

22.4 13.6 37.4 26.6

21.3 13.8 36.2 28.7

21.8 19.2 30.2 28.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

131 265 186 121 382 101 0 9 542 25 415 308 -10 898

159 987 248 244 425 139 1 693 11 420 23 366 380 -3 877

179 727 343 007 512 161 0 9 379 23 443 432 39 525

191 490 331 518 556 237 107 372 9 539 27 410 630 21 848

242 420 284 988 498 382 109 374 8 169 49 653 3 250 32 091

226 094 258 510 481 441 122 923 10 169 54 279 9 104 92 930

325 471 291 828 502 581 128 458 8 915 48 334 2 976 78 012

337 973 357 690 604 136 139 149 11 324 57 776 29 953 95 920

373 768 367 462 677 965 135 160 9 501 58 749 34 850 130 504

353 127 345 002 673 540 123 172 8 461 57 155 37 862 146 194

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 649 700 433

3 093 200 787

6 063 100 1 488

7 345 400 1 756

7 558 300 1 728

8 758 500 1 902

12 224 200 2 485

12 446 700 2 497

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.87 2.15 1.44 1.12 2.64

3.18 3.36 2.55 2.34 4.13

6.89 6.86 5.35 5.07 8.88

8.38 9.26 7.80 6.92 9.15

8.01 9.13 7.62 6.09 9.23

7.72 9.24 7.58 5.75 8.60

9.86 11.63 9.78 6.98 11.19

10.43 12.95 11.57 6.96 11.04

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

267

MINNESOTA

Table MN-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

14 734 921

100.0

2 888.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

607 863

4.1

119.2

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

6 384 318 4 066 790 2 317 528 265 970 648 428 190 116 1 086 194

43.3 27.6 15.7 1.8 4.4 1.3 7.4

1 251.6 797.2 454.3 52.1 127.1 37.3 212.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

941 783 517 447 283 517

6.4 3.5 1.9

184.6 101.4 55.6

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

6 800 957 5 709 584 637 183 87 022 352 354

46.2 38.7 4.3 0.6 2.4

1 333.3 1 119.3 124.9 17.1 69.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 3,000

United States Minnesota

2,000

Dollars

Per capita state expenditures exceeded $5,000 in 2003, ranking ninth in the nation. The state’s per capita revenue was slightly lower, at $4,556, but ranked among the top 15 in the country. Spending per capita was significantly higher than average for education, public welfare, and highways, but was lower for health and hospitals. Minnesota’s taxes per person amounted to $2,889, which was the fourth highest amount in the nation. The largest tax source was individual income taxes, followed by general sales receipts. Individual income taxes were the fifth highest in the nation. Minnesota’s per capita debt ranked 41st in the nation, totaling nearly $1,000 less than the U.S. average.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MN-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

23 072 489 5 982 225 13 981 287 3 903 717 2 162 044 909 927 5 374 550 596 584 1 034 465 1 736 359 1 372 618

100.0 25.9 60.6 16.9 9.4 3.9 23.3 2.6 4.5 7.5 5.9

4 556.2 1 181.3 2 760.9 770.9 426.9 179.7 1 061.3 117.8 204.3 342.9 271.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

25 383 926 9 618 471 15 765 455

100.0 37.9 62.1

5 012.6 1 899.4 3 113.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

9 727 645 7 890 539 204 374 560 327 1 839 550 225 726 403 527 531 913 130 431 664 777 385 954 2 819 163

38.3 31.1 0.8 2.2 7.2 0.9 1.6 2.1 0.5 2.6 1.5 11.1

1 920.9 1 558.2 40.4 110.6 363.3 44.6 79.7 105.0 25.8 131.3 76.2 556.7

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

7 150 401

X

1 412.0

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

50 295 826

X

9 932.0

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

268

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MN-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

3 337

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

92.3 32.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

846 891 28.2 6.3 2 182 16.3 8 109

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

325 370 25 783 58.4

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Minnesota

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Minnesota had some of the highest educational attainment levels in the nation. The state ranked 1st in the nation for proportion of high school graduates age 25 years and over and 10th for proportion of college graduates age 25 years and over. Despite having a below average proportion of student-age population, Minnesota’s student/teacher ratio exceeded the national average and was the 15th highest in the nation. The state’s expenditures per student were $8,109, which ranked 20th in the nation. The dropout rate was 3.8 percent, which was slightly below the average of the 46 states that reported such data. Just over 28 percent of Minnesota’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. This was well below the U.S. proportion of 40.6 percent.

Minnesota had high voter turnout rates for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, nearly 78 percent of eligible voters cast ballots, the highest proportion in the nation. Nearly 4 in 5 eligible women voted in the 2004 election. Among persons age 45 to 74 years, more than 81 percent voted. Nearly 66 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years cast ballots. This was the highest proportion of voters among this age group in the nation. Asian and Hispanics had turnout rates close to 45 percent. Democrats garnered 47.9 percent of the vote in 2000 and 51.1 percent of the vote in 2004.

Table MN-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 506 1 721 1 785

3 407 1 661 1 746

97.2 96.5 97.8

2 688 1 257 1 431

76.7 73.0 80.2

2 376 1 119 1 257

67.8 65.0 70.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 766 1 858 1 908

3 645 1 792 1 853

96.8 96.5 97.1

3 080 1 471 1 608

81.8 79.2 84.3

2 887 1 374 1 513

76.7 74.0 79.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 435 3 333 128 137 108 3 469 3 367 136 142

3 377 3 307 107 96 73 3 410 3 341 115 101

98.3 99.2 83.3 70.0 68.0 98.3 99.2 84.3 71.1

2 884 2 835 83 69 53 2 908 2 860 91 72

83.9 85.0 64.7 50.4 48.9 83.8 84.9 66.8 50.5

2 703 2 658 83 56 49 2 728 2 683 91 59

78.7 79.7 64.7 41.1 45.6 78.6 79.7 66.8 41.6

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

572 1 364 1 305 250 275

547 1 302 1 274 249 273

95.7 95.4 97.7 99.5 99.3

407 1 090 1 128 222 233

71.1 79.9 86.5 88.8 84.8

376 1 031 1 059 206 214

65.8 75.5 81.2 82.5 78.0

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

MISSISSIPPI At a Glance: •

The Gulf Coast region of Mississippi was severely damaged by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. As of autumn 2005, a considerable number of residents have been unable to return to their homes and jobs and economic activity countinues to be adversely affected. Therefore, what follows is a profile of the state pre-hurricanes. In 2004, Mississippi’s population was 2.9 million, ranking it as the 31st most populous in the nation. Blacks accounted for nearly 37 percent of the population, which was the second highest proportion of this racial group in the country (behind only the District of Columbia). Mississippi’s median household income of $34,930 was the third lowest in the country. The state’s poverty rate of 18.6 percent was the highest in the nation and nearly 6 percentage points higher than the U.S. poverty rate. The unemployment rate was 6.2 percent, the sixth highest in the nation. Real gross state product was 35th, below those of neighboring Louisiana and Alabama. In 2004, 20.1 percent of state residents age 25 years and over were college graduates. This was the third lowest proportion in the nation.

•

•

• •

Table MS-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

2 573 216 1.0

2 844 658 1.0

2 902 966 1.0

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 230 617 1 342 599

1 373 554 1 471 104

1 408 733 1 494 233

48.5 51.5

0.6 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

195 365 551 396 462 241 1 826 455 293 346 749 584 321 284 32 335

204 364 570 823 2 069 471 310 974 807 170 607 804 343 523 42 891

208 354 541 215 2 153 397 323 150 796 095 681 285 352 867 39 632

7.2 18.6 74.2 11.1 27.4 23.5 12.2 1.4

0.3 -0.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 2.8 0.7 1.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.1

33.8

34.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 1.5

Percent change per year

United States Mississippi 1.0

1.2

1.1 1.0

0.9

0.5

0.5 0.2 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Mississippi’s population increased 2.0 percent between 2000 and 2004. This rate of growth was faster than those in neighboring Alabama and Louisiana, but only about half of the national growth rate. Over that period, Mississippi lost over 10,000 residents to other states, while over 8,700 people moved into the state from other countries. The state’s above average birth rate offset what would have otherwise been a net population loss. Mississippi had the 10th highest proportion of residents under 18 years old. The state’s median age was among the 10 lowest in the nation.

Year

269

270

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MS-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

2 573 216

2 844 658

2 902 966

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

63.1 35.4 0.3 0.5 0.1 ...

60.8 36.2 0.4 0.7 ... 0.5

59.9 36.6 0.4 0.7 ... 0.6

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.6

1.4

1.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 45

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

30

Asian and Pacific Islander

Non-Hispanic Black

15

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH More than 17 percent of Mississippi’s population lacked health insurance in 2004. The state’s infant mortality rate was the second highest in the nation. Mississippi’s ageadjusted death rate also ranked second. The state’s birth rate was above average, and its birth rate for teenage mothers was the third highest in the nation. Table MS-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

42 380 14.7 62.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

10.5

6.9

1 035.2 975.3 1 194.8 ... 499.1 221.9

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

17.1 14.2 9.0

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Mississippi

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MS-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

28 589

1 035.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

11 686 6 034 1 323 1 622 669 788 489 853 598 514 322 488 247 169 158 314 172 182 44 58 78 97

425.1 219.2 48.3 57.4 24.3 28.6 17.9 29.8 21.8 18.7 11.4 17.1 8.9 6.1 5.7 11.0 6.3 6.7 1.6 2.1 2.7 3.5

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MISSISSIPPI

271

Table MS-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

911 374 674 378 498 240 176 138 30 917 145 221 236 996 212 949 24 047

1 046 434 747 159 520 844 226 315 45 610 180 705 299 275 257 708 41 567

1 074 503 756 074 508 581 247 493 57 610 189 883 318 429 273 878 44 551

0.7 0.3 -0.6 2.3 6.0 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.7

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.75 1 010 423 911 374 651 587 259 787

2.63 1 161 953 1 046 434 756 967 289 467

2.61 1 221 240 1 074 503 748 043 326 460

X 1.3 0.7 -0.3 3.1

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

309 45 100

439 71 400

529 79 023

4.8 2.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

40,000

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

50,000

1,000

Dollars

United States Mississippi

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

30,000 20,000

United States Mississippi

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MS-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

34 930 33 608 32 438 32 185 37 622

18.6 16.0 18.4 19.3 14.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

36 814 33 702 33 447 31 978 32 665 32 024 28 567 27 141 26 340 28 278

16.2 17.6 16.7 20.6 23.5 19.9 24.7 24.6 23.7 25.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

29 300 27 872 29 439 27 153 27 482 26 697 ... ... ... ...

22.0 27.2 25.0 26.6 25.1 25.1 27.0 22.9 25.7 24.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

272

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MS-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 169 166 186 400 409 383 283 342

1 335 57 124 326 330 294 157 47

61.6 34.5 66.8 81.6 80.6 76.7 55.5 13.7

1 252 45 105 308 315 282 152 44

6.2 20.7 15.2 5.7 4.4 3.9 3.0 6.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 021 83 96 179 202 186 144

698 28 72 162 174 151 87

68.4 34.0 75.0 90.3 86.5 81.2 60.6

659 22 61 155 168 145 85

5.6 21.9 15.1 4.3 3.7 3.5 2.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 147 82 90 221 207 197 139

637 29 52 165 155 143 70

55.5 34.9 58.0 74.5 74.8 72.6 50.3

593 23 44 153 147 137 68

6.8 19.5 15.3 7.0 5.2 4.4 3.1

558 559 181

411 336 117

73.6 60.1 64.5

401 323 107

2.5 3.7 8.9

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 377 668 709

862 482 380

62.6 72.2 53.6

827 463 364

4.1 4.0 4.3

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

743 330 412

441 201 241

59.4 60.8 58.3

396 181 215

10.3 9.9 10.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

35

26

76.2

25

6.2

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

83 108 236 246 246 198 259

37 78 191 195 197 124 40

44.1 71.7 81.0 79.3 80.1 62.8 15.4

32 70 185 190 192 121 38

12.3 10.3 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9 5.8

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

74 151 153 127 81

43 125 128 89 31

58.1 82.9 83.6 70.2 38.5

32 113 119 83 30

24.9 9.7 6.7 6.4 3.0

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table MS-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

15.0 United States

1 330 184 1 321 809 1 306 820 1 303 306 1 318 082

1 248 056 1 237 198 1 219 060 1 229 964 1 243 959

82 128 84 611 87 760 73 342 74 123

6.2 6.4 6.7 5.6 5.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 291 684 1 281 362 1 278 015 1 266 609 1 257 567 1 242 550 1 211 182 1 197 633 1 190 725 1 175 744

1 223 725 1 211 535 1 200 845 1 187 018 1 175 278 1 159 959 1 126 904 1 097 672 1 084 695 1 085 419

67 959 69 827 77 170 79 591 82 289 82 591 84 278 99 961 106 030 90 325

5.3 5.4 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.6 7.0 8.3 8.9 7.7

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

12.0 Mississippi

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MISSISSIPPI

273

Table MS-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 469 614 53 062 1 416 552 1 141 298 20 056 8 904 8 156 86 020 205 517 128 009 77 508 39 102 172 384 48 992 19 226 47 128 32 070 48 081 10 898 54 206 17 685 111 908 27 404 106 631 76 930 275 254

1 472 950 53 668 1 419 282 1 141 491 19 785 7 929 8 231 86 907 192 684 121 073 71 611 38 809 172 266 49 480 17 885 47 570 32 830 48 680 11 022 57 282 18 346 116 158 21 148 114 468 80 011 277 791

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

25 414 19 437 25 462 25 414 21 642 41 597 46 740 28 388 29 353 29 815 28 591 35 517 18 008 31 627 36 434 35 146 20 783 38 491 46 523 16 740 17 383 28 702 21 117 14 165 18 016 25 626

26 203 19 626 26 255 26 099 22 126 43 398 49 170 29 762 30 348 30 747 29 674 36 566 18 462 32 141 35 371 36 365 22 440 39 485 49 286 17 564 17 936 29 737 20 611 14 784 18 478 26 774

1 472 814 51 039 1 421 775 1 140 974 18 040 8 699 8 127 85 527 183 578 116 088 67 490 38 753 171 230 49 461 17 151 47 585 34 494 50 059 10 801 59 538 19 059 120 127 20 250 117 361 81 134 280 801

1 489 777 50 907 1 438 870 1 157 429 17 738 8 993 8 139 84 957 184 245 119 473 64 772 38 906 172 478 50 249 16 652 47 803 36 009 51 836 10 237 64 451 19 929 122 968 20 356 119 525 81 958 281 441

0.5 -1.4 0.5 0.5 -4.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -3.6 -2.3 -5.8 -0.2 0.0 0.8 -4.7 0.5 3.9 2.5 -2.1 5.9 4.1 3.2 -9.4 3.9 2.1 0.7

28 167 22 269 28 205 27 803 23 934 45 980 56 010 29 409 33 198 33 879 31 942 40 098 19 645 34 493 35 667 39 348 22 710 40 968 54 790 19 316 19 876 31 960 21 889 15 249 19 780 29 528

3.5 4.6 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 6.2 1.2 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.1 2.9 2.9 -0.7 3.8 3.0 2.1 5.6 4.9 4.6 3.6 1.2 2.5 3.2 4.8

Dollars 27 192 17 684 27 249 26 916 23 264 44 544 51 575 29 523 31 933 32 546 30 879 37 834 19 163 33 239 35 009 37 973 21 502 40 023 51 722 18 592 19 000 30 712 21 011 14 957 19 191 28 341

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Mississippi’s unemployment rate has been above average in recent years; in 2004, it ranked sixth in the nation. Government was the state’s largest employer, followed by manufacturing, retail trade, health care, and accommodation and food services. From 2001 to 2004, wage and salary employment rose just 1.4 percent. The serviceproviding sector had the largest employment growth, with particular gains in health care, administrative and waste services, accommodation and food services, and real estate and related activities. Manufacturing and retail trade employment declined between 2001 and 2003, but rose slightly in 2004. Average wages and salaries were well below national averages, particularly in goodsproducing industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004

18.9%

Government and government enterprises Manufacturing

35.2%

Retail trade 12.4%

Health care and social assistance Accommodation and food services

11.6%

5.7% 8.0%

8.3%

Construction Other

274

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MS-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

13 346 10 019 1 943 1 384 28 1 356 1 216 425 12 555 2 275 2 865 17 695 17 527 168

24 001 17 555 3 954 2 491 238 2 253 2 712 754 22 042 5 754 5 958 33 754 33 332 422

41 991 30 748 6 740 4 503 529 3 974 4 707 1 506 38 790 9 547 11 500 59 837 59 124 713

43 237 31 081 7 012 5 145 693 4 452 4 819 1 658 40 077 9 782 12 880 62 739 61 846 893

44 153 31 900 7 844 4 409 108 4 300 5 019 1 693 40 827 9 207 13 889 63 923 63 619 304

46 726 32 859 8 605 5 262 747 4 515 5 202 1 738 43 262 8 967 14 435 66 664 65 781 883

49 622 34 276 9 285 6 060 1 147 4 913 5 457 1 853 46 018 9 239 15 512 70 770 69 442 1 328

4.3 2.8 8.3 7.7 21.4 5.4 3.8 5.3 4.4 -0.8 7.8 4.3 4.1 16.8

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

7 007

13 089

21 005

21 950

22 291

23 126

24 379

3.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Mississippi

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product declined in the 2001 recession, and its subsequent recovery has been gradual. The largest contributions to recovery came from the government sector, durable goods manufacturing, real estate and related activities, utilities, and heath care. The arts, entertainment, and recreation sector experienced significant declines. Construction has also dropped in recent years. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Mississippi was the second lowest in the country. Housing price appreciation has been about half the national average and has not been a significant factor in the state’s overall economic activity.

Table MS-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

61 648 0.7

63 149 0.7

64 593 0.7

64 133 0.7

63 736 0.6

65 222 0.7

66 646 0.6

68 816 0.6

2.6 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

51 652 1 641 749 1 627 2 969 12 115 19.7 2 971 4 974 2 081 1 459 2 591 5 216 13 341 21.6 1 783 911 1 193 310 4 177 1 331 1 949 1 687 9 992 16.2

52 845 1 511 621 1 645 3 245 11 891 18.8 3 450 5 478 2 137 1 495 2 598 5 302 13 520 21.4 1 955 844 1 188 317 4 069 1 241 2 166 1 740 10 301 16.3

53 982 1 605 652 1 699 3 091 12 177 18.9 3 517 5 733 2 191 1 517 2 616 5 592 13 604 21.1 1 972 777 1 180 323 4 023 1 249 2 408 1 672 10 609 16.4

53 308 1 583 636 1 782 2 865 11 445 17.8 3 439 5 674 2 230 1 811 2 707 5 767 13 368 20.8 2 042 752 1 054 327 4 111 1 000 2 593 1 489 10 824 16.9

52 927 1 682 610 1 657 2 661 10 736 16.8 3 554 5 962 2 154 1 899 2 749 5 917 13 369 21.0 2 147 698 992 320 4 224 967 2 504 1 517 10 810 17.0

54 365 1 442 732 1 691 2 743 10 806 16.6 3 653 6 269 2 211 1 887 2 866 6 292 13 789 21.1 2 175 719 1 091 321 4 432 722 2 813 1 516 10 861 16.7

55 586 1 823 744 1 792 2 574 10 947 16.4 3 613 6 576 2 332 1 902 2 945 6 207 14 183 21.3 2 277 738 1 176 318 4 602 717 2 822 1 533 11 066 16.6

57 341 1 818 748 1 958 2 467 11 294 16.4 3 746 6 869 2 400 1 978 3 044 6 446 14 665 21.3 2 365 700 1 280 323 4 753 715 2 910 1 619 11 473 16.7

2.7 2.6 7.0 5.7 -2.5 1.7 X 1.8 4.8 3.7 1.4 3.5 2.9 3.1 X 3.3 0.1 8.9 0.3 4.0 -9.6 5.1 2.2 2.0 X

X = Not applicable.

275

MISSISSIPPI

Table MS-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 662

5 596

10 803

12 095

13 216

13 836

14 902

8.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 211 1 160 44 7 1

2 463 2 375 67 19 2

4 213 4 104 82 24 3

4 490 4 376 86 25 3

4 768 4 645 91 29 4

4 959 4 829 95 28 6

5 170 5 038 96 29 7

5.3 5.3 4.0 4.6 24.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

559 330 221 8

1 703 1 003 665 35

4 485 2 350 2 099 37

5 297 2 609 2 631 57

5 838 2 798 2 959 81

6 100 2 968 3 065 67

6 869 3 259 3 529 81

11.2 8.5 13.9 21.5

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

500 171 61 208 60

927 298 86 360 182

1 453 512 59 231 651

1 535 530 89 264 652

1 708 543 86 302 777

1 847 550 74 342 881

1 982 575 80 373 955

8.1 2.9 7.9 12.7 10.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

115

116

126

192

271

269

191

11.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

217

275

340

354

387

413

428

5.9

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

57

106

170

207

232

235

247

9.7

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

6

15

20

12

14

14

-1.0

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of Mississippi’s exports ranked 36th in the nation in 2004, after rebounding from a slump in 2003. Chemical manufactures, machinery manufactures, and paper products were the state’s leading exports in 2004. Transportation equipment exports fell by about 75 percent from 2001 to 2004; however, the value of these exports increased from 2003 to 2004. Canada was the state’s leading market, although exports to this country declined 19 percent from 2001 to 2004. Nigeria became the fourth leading market in 2004, due to a sudden significant increase in demand for machinery manufactures exports. Other major markets were Canada and Mexico.

Machinery 15.7% Paper 13.7%

Transportation equipment 8.0%

Chemicals 23.3%

Crops 7.3%

Other 32.0%

Table MS-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

3 557 3 420 122 15

3 058 2 513 128 418

2 558 2 354 191 14

3 179 2 916 247 16

100.0 91.7 7.8 0.5

-3.7 -5.2 26.4 3.0

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Paper products (322) ............................................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Crop production (111) ............................................................

576 314 391 1 019 108

618 305 354 123 113

614 301 308 151 180

741 499 435 255 232

23.3 15.7 13.7 8.0 7.3

8.7 16.7 3.6 -37.0 29.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Belgium .................................................................................. Nigeria ................................................................................... China .....................................................................................

2 666 887 453 179 12 90

2 291 492 462 194 3 138

2 101 584 256 208 4 109

2 759 719 466 242 203 116

86.8 22.6 14.7 7.6 6.4 3.6

1.2 -6.8 1.0 10.5 159.7 8.9

276

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MS-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 42 150 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 11 436 287

2002

42 186 11 097 543

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

271

263

27.6 60.8 11.6

30.0 60.1 9.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

299 460 1 075 46 228

370 689 1 381 51 839

3 485 867 1 345 448 2 140 420 82 701

3 116 295 1 025 385 2 090 909 73 870

72.6 15.7 11.7

74.1 15.5 10.3

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

103 371 37.0

145 508 29.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

36.8

48.8

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

The value of farm sales totaled over $3.1 billion in 2002, a slight decline from the previous farm census in 1997. The state ranked 27th in the nation for agricultural receipts in 2002. Poultry and cotton were the chief products. About 90 percent of Mississippi’s farms spanned fewer than 500 acres. Over 74 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000. In 2002, nearly 49 percent of farm operators reporting farming as their principal occupation, which was an increase from 1997. ENERGY Energy prices were slightly lower than the U.S. average in 2001, the latest year for which state-level data are available from the Department of Energy. Per capita consumption reached 410 Btu, which ranked 12th in the nation. Mississippi ranked 15th in the country in terms of energy expenditures per person. Petroleum and natural gas were the chief sources of energy. The industrial sector accounted for over 36 percent of energy used in the state.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 500

Residential 20.0%

Trillion of Btu

400

Transportation 29.7%

300 200 100 0 -100 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 13.9%

Industrial 36.4%

Table MS-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

405 725 186.3

512 530 228.2

746 852 336.9

772 195 321.8

830 793 329.6

836 245 323.1

1 016 783 395.1

1 105 092 410.7

1 227 143 431.4

1 172 648 410.3

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

21.5 8.3 38.3 31.9

19.1 7.6 41.8 31.6

19.9 8.7 42.5 28.9

19.7 10.5 39.9 29.9

19.4 12.6 36.6 31.4

20.0 11.1 38.9 30.0

17.8 10.5 43.0 28.7

18.2 10.5 40.9 30.4

19.4 13.4 37.8 29.3

20.0 13.9 36.4 29.7

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

753 187 874 143 048 0 0 46 565 0 27 484

1 020 250 626 175 139 0 0 37 759 0 47 986

13 225 369 391 272 551 0 0 33 527 0 58 158

33 355 235 345 377 587 0 0 31 152 0 94 756

74 997 270 909 382 592 0 0 34 334 0 67 962

109 381 233 010 315 063 46 014 0 48 996 0 83 782

103 943 261 921 376 436 78 541 0 84 421 29 111 492

103 785 295 377 400 803 84 196 0 94 905 128 125 899

147 479 312 077 461 820 111 534 0 75 664 274 118 296

198 273 340 787 485 528 103 685 0 57 480 309 -13 413

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

838 700 378

1 618 000 674

3 810 700 1 512

4 293 500 1 659

4 938 500 1 919

5 372 500 1 997

7 465 200 2 624

7 458 700 2 610

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.71 2.36 1.96 0.73 2.64

3.19 4.37 3.34 1.93 3.91

7.27 9.01 6.70 4.81 8.71

8.13 11.88 12.04 5.93 7.98

7.80 13.46 13.42 4.61 8.15

7.63 14.14 13.35 4.55 7.56

9.53 15.83 14.36 5.62 9.92

10.13 17.44 15.81 6.52 9.36

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

277

MISSISSIPPI

Table MS-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

5 124 730

100.0

1 765.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

40 241

0.8

13.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

3 391 202 2 482 908 908 294 39 793 167 327 161 201 464 748 55 587

66.2 48.4 17.7 0.8 3.3 3.1 9.1 1.1

1 168.2 855.3 312.9 13.7 57.6 55.5 160.1 19.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

318 488 89 763 117 892 59 525

6.2 1.8 2.3 1.2

109.7 30.9 40.6 20.5

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

1 374 799 1 061 704 243 846 53 809

26.8 20.7 4.8 1.0

473.6 365.7 84.0 18.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Mississippi

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, Mississippi’s expenditures per person of $4,118 were above the U.S. average. The state’s revenues per person of $4,195 were also above the national average, ranking 20th in the nation. Spending was above average for public welfare, hospitals, and highways, and below average for education and health. Mississippi’s per capita taxes of $1,765 in fiscal year 2004 were below the U.S. average, ranking 35th in the nation. Individual income taxes amounted to nearly $366 per person, which ranked 40th among the 43 states with such taxes. The largest tax source was sales taxes, which exceeded the national per capita average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MS-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

11 873 033 5 086 417 4 999 144 2 459 984 844 894 314 482 1 020 028 288 778 70 978 1 245 075 542 397

100.0 42.8 42.1 20.7 7.1 2.6 8.6 2.4 0.6 10.5 4.6

4 118.3 1 764.3 1 734.0 853.3 293.1 109.1 353.8 100.2 24.6 431.9 188.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

12 094 517 3 665 580 8 428 937

100.0 30.3 69.7

4 195.1 1 271.4 2 923.7

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 028 841 3 712 507 667 307 285 729 974 381 68 338 295 629 214 849 43 360 259 811 199 916 1 343 849

33.3 30.7 5.5 2.4 8.1 0.6 2.4 1.8 0.4 2.1 1.7 11.1

1 397.4 1 287.7 231.5 99.1 338.0 23.7 102.5 74.5 15.0 90.1 69.3 466.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 166 614

X

1 445.2

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

22 100 380

X

7 665.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

278

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MS-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 1 786

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

83.0 20.1

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

492 645 64.3 0.6 887 15.1 5 792

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

148 211 11 797 60.6

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Mississippi 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, just 83 percent of Mississippi’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, which ranked 40th in the nation. The proportion of the state’s population age 25 years and over with bachelor’s degrees or more was 20.1 percent. Only Arkansas and West Virginia had smaller proportions of college graduates. Along with Mississippi’s low educational attainment rates, per student expenditures of $5,792 were the second lowest in the nation. Despite the state’s above average proportion of student-age population, the student/teacher ratio was smaller than the national average. Among the 46 states reporting dropout rates, Mississippi’s rate of 3.6 percent was about average.

Voter turnout was higher than the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, more than 60 percent of eligible voters cast ballots. The participation rate for women was 65.4 percent, while 55.4 percent of men voted. Among the different age groups, persons 65 years old and over had a participation rate exceeding 70 percent, while just 50 percent of eligible voters between the ages of 18 and 24 years voted. Blacks had a higher turnout rate than non-Hispanic Whites. In 2000, 57.6 percent of Mississippi’s voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential ticket; 59 percent voted Republican in 2004.

Table MS-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 029 943 1 086

2 001 929 1 072

98.6 98.6 98.7

1 465 655 809

72.2 69.5 74.5

1 213 535 678

59.8 56.8 62.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 081 972 1 109

2 049 954 1 094

98.4 98.2 98.7

1 510 677 833

72.5 69.6 75.1

1 263 538 725

60.7 55.4 65.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 335 1 288 698 8 46 1 353 1 306 700 8

1 310 1 285 698 25 1 328 1 302 700 -

98.1 99.7 100.0 B B 98.2 99.7 100.0 B

965 949 531 16 974 958 533 -

72.3 73.6 76.1 B B 72.0 73.3 76.2 B

786 773 466 12 795 782 466 -

58.9 60.0 66.8 B B 58.7 59.9 66.6 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

280 794 673 171 163

270 771 673 171 163

96.3 97.2 100.0 100.0 100.0

178 554 500 145 133

63.5 69.8 74.2 84.7 81.8

140 456 430 120 117

50.0 57.4 63.8 70.2 71.9

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

MISSOURI At a Glance: •

The population of Missouri was over 5.7 million, ranking it as the 17th most populous state in the nation. Just over 83 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White, and 11.4 percent was Black. Median household income was below the national average, ranking 31st in the nation. The state’s poverty rate of 12.6 percent was also below the U.S. average. Missouri’s unemployment rate in 2004 was 5.7 percent, which was above the national average and ranked 13th in the nation. The state’s real gross state product was the 21st largest in the nation in 2004, but has experienced one of the lowest growth rates in recent years. Missouri had above average high school and college attainment levels in 2004. In 2004, 12.6 percent of Missouri residents lacked health insurance, compared with 15.7 percent nationally.

• • • • • •

Table MO-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

5 117 073 2.1

5 595 211 2.0

5 754 618 2.0

X X

0.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 464 315 2 652 758

2 720 177 2 875 034

2 810 852 2 943 766

48.8 51.2

0.8 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

369 244 945 582 980 562 3 802 247 517 191 1 586 813 717 681 81 217

369 898 1 057 794 4 167 519 535 978 1 626 302 1 249 860 755 379 98 571

371 469 1 013 073 4 370 076 589 309 1 596 315 1 418 760 765 692 100 379

6.5 17.6 75.9 10.2 27.7 24.7 13.3 1.7

-0.1 0.5 1.0 0.9 0.1 2.7 0.5 1.6

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.4

36.1

37.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States 1.0

0.9

Missouri

1.2

1.1 0.9 0.7

0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Missouri’s population increased 2.8 percent between 2000 and 2004, a rate that lagged far behind the national growth rate of 4.3 percent. However, the state’s growth rate was above those of Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas, but below that of Arkansas. Missouri gained nearly 36,000 residents from other countries and more than 20,000 new residents from other states. The age distribution of the population was slightly higher than the nation as a whole, with a lower proportion of population under 18 years old and a higher proportion age 65 years and over. St. Louis and Kansas City were the state’s largest metropolitan areas.

279

280

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MO-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

5 117 073

5 595 211

5 754 618

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

86.9 10.7 0.4 0.8 0.4 ...

83.9 11.2 0.4 1.2 ... 1.1

83.1 11.4 0.4 1.3 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.2

2.1

2.6

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

18

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

12

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

6

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Missouri’s health insurance coverage rate was better than the national rate. The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were above average, ranking 16th and 14th in the country, respectively. Missouri’s birth rate for teenage mothers was also slightly above the national average. Table MO-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

77 045 13.5 43.2

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.7

6.9

914.2 892.7 1 167.9 ... 421.3 735.4

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

12.6 8.5 5.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Missouri

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MO-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

55 262

914.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

22 021 12 277 2 850 2 498 1 539 1 617 1 130 1 116 991 671 706 727 426 382 338 400 399 144 96 99 68 96

359.4 205.5 47.2 43.1 25.6 26.1 18.0 19.6 16.2 11.1 12.4 12.8 7.3 6.8 5.9 7.1 6.5 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.7

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MISSOURI

281

Table MO-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 961 206 1 368 334 1 104 723 263 611 55 436 208 175 592 872 510 684 82 188

2 194 594 1 476 516 1 140 866 335 650 81 890 253 760 718 078 599 808 118 270

2 309 205 1 537 309 1 186 645 350 664 84 867 265 797 771 896 652 778 119 118

1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.1 0.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.54 2 199 129 1 961 206 1 348 746 612 460

2.48 2 442 017 2 194 594 1 542 149 652 445

2.42 2 564 340 2 309 205 1 635 404 673 801

X 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.8

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

368 59 300

484 89 900

567 117 033

4.0 6.8

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

60,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

40,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

Missouri 150,000

20,000 United States

250

Missouri 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MO-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 094 44 938 44 932 44 113 49 466

12.2 10.7 9.9 9.7 9.2

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 908 46 526 42 900 41 073 42 865 38 063 36 923 36 101 37 770 38 304

11.7 9.8 11.8 9.5 9.4 15.6 16.1 15.7 14.8 13.4

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 980 35 969 37 719 36 052 36 734 35 945 ... ... ... ...

12.6 12.7 14.0 14.4 13.7 14.5 16.7 14.6 13.2 13.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

282

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MO-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 424 313 401 764 822 798 574 751

3 017 175 328 661 706 669 366 113

68.2 55.9 81.8 86.5 85.9 83.8 63.7 15.0

2 844 145 295 620 678 644 353 109

5.7 17.4 9.9 6.2 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 120 139 213 381 403 395 267 322

1 572 76 183 354 371 343 182 63

74.1 54.8 86.0 93.0 91.9 86.9 68.0 19.4

1 479 61 165 329 359 329 176 60

5.9 20.1 9.9 7.1 3.3 4.0 3.0 3.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 303 175 188 383 419 403 307 429

1 445 99 145 307 335 326 184 50

62.7 56.8 76.9 80.0 80.1 80.8 59.9 11.6

1 365 84 130 291 320 314 177 49

5.6 15.4 9.9 5.2 4.6 3.5 3.9 1.9

1 224 1 190 258

930 752 197

76.0 63.2 76.4

904 731 176

2.8 2.8 10.8

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 834 1 850 1 984

2 606 1 374 1 232

68.0 74.2 62.1

2 479 1 300 1 179

4.9 5.4 4.3

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

458 200 257

325 146 179

70.9 72.6 69.6

282 128 155

13.1 12.4 13.8

Asian .....................................................

59

36

61.1

36

1.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men .......................................................

124 72

97 65

77.9 90.6

90 61

7.1 6.1

263 331 653 703 688 514 682

152 275 565 607 578 328 101

57.7 83.0 86.5 86.3 84.0 64.0 14.7

131 251 535 587 560 318 97

13.9 8.6 5.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table MO-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 031 105 3 013 856 2 994 522 2 990 992 2 950 404

2 858 897 2 845 802 2 837 544 2 856 402 2 854 164

172 208 168 054 156 978 134 590 96 240

5.7 5.6 5.2 4.5 3.3

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 911 190 2 910 871 2 904 214 2 869 406 2 822 199 2 758 661 2 705 747 2 662 447 2 647 068 2 607 584

2 819 853 2 794 869 2 780 185 2 734 860 2 690 210 2 622 286 2 539 792 2 502 779 2 474 167 2 456 998

91 337 116 002 124 029 134 546 131 989 136 375 165 955 159 668 172 901 150 586

3.1 4.0 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.9 6.1 6.0 6.5 5.8

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Missouri

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MISSOURI

283

Table MO-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 481 232 122 119 3 359 113 2 888 336 12 385 7 070 13 025 208 448 352 593 217 572 135 021 130 128 387 987 129 133 81 522 155 565 108 881 172 952 73 267 164 880 67 904 335 565 66 635 227 007 193 389 470 777

3 470 932 122 649 3 348 283 2 877 222 13 416 6 363 12 971 204 629 334 566 205 105 129 461 128 014 391 847 126 797 76 568 157 780 110 668 171 536 70 073 163 558 71 119 340 606 68 514 230 359 197 838 471 061

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

31 740 23 012 31 775 32 255 19 781 46 001 63 974 39 046 38 521 39 061 37 655 44 096 20 369 35 627 45 126 44 878 27 735 50 327 62 346 21 760 27 060 30 434 26 254 12 547 21 764 29 353

32 527 21 199 32 572 32 956 21 372 47 911 70 520 39 472 39 966 40 695 38 813 44 595 20 884 37 736 44 790 45 669 27 831 51 260 64 057 22 912 27 628 31 417 28 416 12 823 22 244 30 652

3 477 470 117 859 3 359 611 2 885 492 12 735 6 845 12 310 209 244 322 388 198 493 123 895 127 041 394 063 122 398 74 373 159 640 116 559 173 220 67 521 166 941 71 621 345 995 68 226 234 185 200 187 474 119

3 513 088 116 655 3 396 433 2 922 662 12 767 7 325 12 171 213 186 324 046 201 895 122 151 128 538 397 205 121 447 72 054 159 555 120 884 176 375 65 159 174 039 74 425 350 434 70 239 239 934 202 879 473 771

0.3 -1.5 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.2 -2.2 0.8 -2.8 -2.5 -3.3 -0.4 0.8 -2.0 -4.0 0.8 3.5 0.7 -3.8 1.8 3.1 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.6 0.2

34 365 26 891 34 388 34 760 25 256 57 606 63 275 40 020 42 604 43 707 40 786 48 132 21 781 38 053 49 534 49 027 29 630 54 719 70 540 25 066 29 804 33 682 29 195 13 248 23 724 32 545

2.7 5.3 2.7 2.5 8.5 7.8 -0.4 0.8 3.4 3.8 2.7 3.0 2.3 2.2 3.2 3.0 2.2 2.8 4.2 4.8 3.3 3.4 3.6 1.8 2.9 3.5

Dollars 33 297 24 671 33 328 33 676 28 369 52 895 59 424 39 378 41 320 42 468 39 487 45 902 21 418 38 036 46 659 47 747 28 482 53 099 64 443 23 421 28 772 32 399 29 239 12 979 22 948 31 611

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The state’s unemployment rate was just above the national average in 2004. Wage and salary employment declined in 2001, and its recovery was slow. From 2001 to 2003, employment grew by just 0.9 percent. Missouri’s largest employers were government, retail trade, health care, manufacturing, and the tourism-related sector of accommodation and food services. From 2001 to 2003, manufacturing employment declined sharply; despite recovering somewhat in 2004, it remained well below its 2001 level. This weakness was offset by job gains in retail trade and several service-providing sectors. Average wages and salaries in Missouri were well below the national averages in most industries. The earnings growth rate was also below the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.5% Government and government enterprises Retail trade 11.3% 43.1%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

10.0%

Accommodation and food services Construction

9.2% 6.1%

6.8%

Other

284

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MO-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

36 843 28 140 5 140 3 564 49 3 515 3 284 -1 524 32 034 7 778 6 082 45 893 45 676 218

69 849 52 616 10 640 6 592 481 6 111 7 670 -2 626 59 553 19 014 11 839 90 407 89 735 671

118 429 88 781 17 894 11 753 391 11 362 12 842 -4 056 101 530 29 030 22 162 152 722 152 080 642

120 956 90 686 18 677 11 593 264 11 329 13 288 -3 938 103 729 28 768 24 439 156 937 156 396 542

124 622 92 126 21 166 11 330 -51 11 381 13 672 -3 993 106 957 27 904 26 231 161 093 160 892 201

128 855 93 927 23 027 11 901 256 11 645 14 047 -3 895 110 913 28 726 27 359 166 998 166 479 519

135 473 97 382 24 271 13 819 1 251 12 569 14 593 -3 995 116 884 29 770 28 957 175 611 174 110 1 501

3.4 2.3 7.9 4.1 33.7 2.6 3.2 X 3.6 0.6 6.9 3.6 3.4 23.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 324

17 627

27 241

27 813

28 363

29 199

30 516

2.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Missouri

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Missouri’s real gross state product (GSP) was the 21st largest in the nation in 2004. Its growth slowed considerably during the recession in 2001, and its subsequent recovery has been slower than the national average. From 2001 to 2004, Missouri’s GSP grew 4.8 percent (compared with the national growth rate of 9.1 percent). The chief contributors to recent performance were durable goods manufacturing, retail trade, and information services. Real estate and construction had the largest declines from 2001 to 2004. Housing price appreciation was about 40 percent below the U.S. average. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Missouri ranked 33rd in the country.

Table MO-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

168 205 2.0

170 468 1.9

172 973 1.8

176 443 1.8

177 460 1.8

178 589 1.8

181 638 1.8

186 018 1.7

1.6 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

149 293 1 715 321 2 954 7 880 32 045 19.1 10 074 11 266 6 464 7 300 9 869 15 352 43 974 26.1 8 596 6 703 4 122 1 780 11 611 2 388 4 150 4 624 18 910 11.2

151 381 1 396 362 2 944 7 923 30 670 18.0 11 035 11 647 6 742 7 676 10 302 15 861 44 764 26.3 9 132 6 492 4 238 1 844 11 747 2 259 4 363 4 689 19 082 11.2

153 513 1 104 400 3 115 8 353 29 312 16.9 11 347 12 124 6 759 8 037 10 501 17 063 45 442 26.3 9 280 6 685 4 477 1 814 11 817 2 250 4 495 4 624 19 457 11.2

156 173 1 567 387 3 017 8 380 29 337 16.6 11 216 12 209 6 961 9 288 10 251 17 568 45 993 26.1 10 017 6 675 4 167 1 882 11 999 2 168 4 548 4 537 20 270 11.5

157 311 1 541 360 3 316 8 395 27 659 15.6 11 941 13 180 7 100 9 211 10 455 18 615 45 564 25.7 9 852 6 536 4 089 1 841 12 171 2 199 4 462 4 414 20 151 11.4

158 700 1 601 335 3 368 8 061 28 451 15.9 12 116 13 951 7 247 8 799 10 645 18 053 46 142 25.8 10 021 6 323 4 268 1 829 12 462 2 359 4 513 4 367 19 900 11.1

161 562 2 059 355 3 266 7 933 28 844 15.9 11 754 14 697 7 401 9 236 11 617 17 700 46 856 25.8 10 405 6 255 4 441 1 764 12 714 2 329 4 562 4 386 20 094 11.1

165 538 2 148 369 3 429 7 898 30 039 16.1 12 082 15 199 7 142 10 159 11 902 17 453 48 007 25.8 10 638 6 229 4 744 1 764 12 928 2 337 4 712 4 655 20 492 11.0

1.7 11.7 0.8 1.1 -2.0 2.8 X 0.4 4.9 0.2 3.3 4.4 -2.1 1.8 X 2.6 -1.6 5.1 -1.4 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.6 X

X = Not applicable.

MISSOURI

285

Table MO-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

5 746

11 182

20 904

23 039

24 964

26 186

27 778

7.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

3 057 2 870 167 12 8

5 877 5 585 242 39 11

9 226 8 885 274 55 12

9 790 9 418 280 62 30

10 298 9 874 290 76 58

10 665 10 218 296 82 68

11 113 10 652 301 85 74

4.8 4.6 2.4 11.7 58.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 261 901 345 14

3 484 2 429 1 022 33

8 798 4 495 4 247 56

10 030 4 973 4 976 82

10 937 5 315 5 513 110

11 538 5 613 5 828 96

12 602 6 139 6 347 116

9.4 8.1 10.6 19.8

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

558 140 182 151 85

971 239 235 327 169

1 820 497 253 364 706

1 928 522 271 413 722

2 121 542 248 484 846

2 302 555 182 595 970

2 512 580 192 687 1 053

8.4 3.9 -6.6 17.2 10.5

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

477

306

326

475

730

777

579

15.5

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

311

372

500

526

579

625

674

7.7

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

82

168

217

259

283

262

278

6.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

5

17

30

16

19

20

5.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, the value of Missouri’s exports totaled nearly $9 billion, ranking 25th in the nation. The state’s leading exports were transportation equipment and chemical manufactures, both of which grew rapidly over the 2001–2004 period. Canada was the largest market for the state’s exports, accounting for 44 percent of the total. Mexico was also a significant market for Missouri’s goods. China became the fourth largest market in 2004, with exports to this country more than tripling from 2001 to 2004. China was the state’s fastest-growing export market. Exports to Belgium and Italy also grew considerably.

Chemicals 21.7% Transportation equipment 32.7% Machinery 9.3% Computers and electronic products 6.2% Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 4.8%

Other 25.4%

Table MO-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

6 173 5 963 115 95

6 791 6 584 109 98

7 234 6 981 154 100

8 997 8 565 293 140

100.0 95.2 3.3 1.6

13.4 12.8 36.5 13.6

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) .................

1 802 1 010 740 444 307

2 290 1 207 676 444 338

2 187 1 499 741 484 372

2 942 1 953 833 554 433

32.7 21.7 9.3 6.2 4.8

17.8 24.6 4.0 7.7 12.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

5 555 2 518 673 311 108 284

6 302 3 117 693 311 130 336

6 729 3 081 748 420 260 295

8 391 3 962 946 434 366 344

93.3 44.0 10.5 4.8 4.1 3.8

14.7 16.3 12.0 11.8 50.1 6.6

286

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MO-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 110 986 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 30 202 772

2002

106 797 29 946 035

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

272

280

22.2 63.7 14.1

23.1 62.9 14.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

294 636 1 084 39 084

424 347 1 508 49 940

5 466 009 2 389 939 3 076 070 49 250

4 983 255 1 992 446 2 990 809 46 661

59.0 31.2 9.7

59.0 32.2 8.8

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

211 414 37.5

264 475 40.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

42.8

57.2

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Missouri ranked 12th in the nation for value of agricultural sales. In 2003, cash receipts from farming totaled $4.9 billion, which was significantly less than the sales reported on the 1997 farm census. Most of the decline was due to a drop in crop sales. In 2002, 59 percent of farms in the state had sales of less than $10,000. About 23 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was among the lowest proportions of farms this size in the nation. About 57 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation, which was a significant increase from 1997. The state’s chief products were cattle, soybeans, and hogs. ENERGY Missouri’s energy expenditures per person were slightly above the national average in 2001. Energy prices in the state were also above average, ranking 17th in the country. The transportation sector was the leading consumer of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,000

Residential 27.3%

Transportation 30.6%

750 500 250 0 -250 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 20.6%

Commercial 21.4%

Table MO-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

900 908 208.5

1 049 540 235.0

1 319 009 282.0

1 415 952 294.5

1 464 019 297.8

1 427 638 285.5

1 517 714 296.6

1 684 789 316.4

1 785 092 319.0

1 815 043 322.0

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

26.1 12.4 33.3 28.2

24.3 11.6 35.2 29.0

24.8 14.2 31.4 29.6

26.4 14.3 29.3 30.0

28.1 16.7 27.2 28.0

26.5 17.5 25.9 30.1

26.0 19.4 23.3 31.3

26.6 19.8 21.6 32.1

27.0 21.4 20.5 31.2

27.3 21.4 20.6 30.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

170 906 270 074 404 618 0 7 807 33 634 0 13 868

189 620 347 967 468 405 0 8 387 27 017 0 8 144

279 245 432 532 581 320 0 9 733 23 611 0 -7 432

430 226 371 837 616 009 0 13 315 27 099 0 -42 534

531 438 322 908 597 007 0 5 797 28 789 0 -21 920

529 684 264 318 570 555 85 290 31 272 28 704 0 -82 186

539 583 241 335 618 196 84 635 22 425 17 338 211 -6 010

593 732 281 059 683 088 86 597 19 114 17 352 222 3 626

688 904 289 045 681 728 104 205 4 160 13 026 193 3 831

716 108 288 618 718 851 87 599 8 529 11 106 184 -15 951

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 947 400 416

3 648 300 759

7 666 700 1 559

8 543 100 1 708

9 427 800 1 842

10 047 500 1 887

13 219 800 2 363

13 821 700 2 452

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.84 2.07 1.67 1.14 2.32

3.32 3.37 2.87 2.41 4.07

7.19 6.82 6.86 5.42 8.76

8.28 9.58 10.24 6.40 8.19

8.82 11.10 11.27 6.37 8.30

8.51 11.12 11.10 6.00 7.72

10.97 13.33 12.37 7.69 10.91

11.12 14.66 13.40 7.63 10.33

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

287

MISSOURI

Table MO-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

9 119 664

100.0

1 584.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

22 763

0.2

4.0

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

4 468 508 2 950 055 1 518 453 307 062 304 848 726 705 109 653

49.0 32.3 16.7 3.4 3.3 8.0 1.2

776.5 512.6 263.8 53.4 53.0 126.3 19.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

605 590 90 862 254 740 135 328 53 814

6.6 1.0 2.8 1.5 0.6

105.2 15.8 44.3 23.5 9.4

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

4 022 803 3 720 749 224 366 69 657

44.1 40.8 2.5 0.8

699.0 646.5 39.0 12.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Missouri

2,000

Dollars

GOVERNMENT FINANCE Per capita revenues were well below the U.S. average in 2003. Missouri’s per capita expenditures of $3,346 ranked as the 42nd lowest in the nation. With the exceptions of hospitals and highways, Missouri’s per capita expenditures for major categories were lower than the national averages. In 2004, per capita taxes amounted to $1,585, which was the 6th lowest amount in the country. The largest share of these taxes came from individual income taxes, which amounted to $647 per person in fiscal year 2004. Missouri’s debt per person was $2,422, which was above the national average and ranked 20th in the country.

2 024.8

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MO-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

19 135 079 7 172 806 8 627 396 2 819 814 1 406 582 562 934 3 519 844 205 729 112 493 1 705 748 1 629 129

100.0 37.5 45.1 14.7 7.4 2.9 18.4 1.1 0.6 8.9 8.5

3 345.9 1 254.2 1 508.6 493.1 246.0 98.4 615.5 36.0 19.7 298.3 284.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

19 137 212 5 159 094 13 978 118

100.0 27.0 73.0

3 346.2 902.1 2 444.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 732 710 5 591 971 893 540 585 878 1 854 329 162 920 656 273 290 176 56 018 774 406 604 950 934 041

35.2 29.2 4.7 3.1 9.7 0.9 3.4 1.5 0.3 4.0 3.2 4.9

1 177.2 977.8 156.2 102.4 324.2 28.5 114.8 50.7 9.8 135.4 105.8 163.3

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

13 855 016

X

2 422.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

49 558 702

X

8 665.6

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

288

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MO-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

3 698

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.9 28.1

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

924 445 37.5 1.6 2 286 13.9 7 349

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.6

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

352 337 33 291 57.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Missouri

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Nearly 88 percent of the state’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas. This was above the national average and ranked 19th in the country. The proportion of the population holding bachelor’s degrees or more also exceeded the U.S. average. Expenditures per student of $7,349 were less than the national average of $8,041. The state’s student/teacher ratio was 13.9, in part reflecting the state’s lower proportion of school-age population. Among the 46 states reporting dropout rates, Missouri’s rate of 3.6 percent was about average. Just 1.6 percent of the state’s students were English language learners, compared with 7.8 percent of students nationally.

Voter turnout was higher than average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, the voter turnout rate was 66.3 percent, which was the 10th highest proportion in the nation. Blacks had a voter participation rate close to 74 percent in 2004, while about 67 percent of eligible Whites voted. Just 30 percent of eligible Hispanic voters participated in the 2004 election. Among the different age groups, persons age 65 years and over had the highest voter participation rate. In 2000, 50.4 percent of eligible voters in Missouri cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate, and 53.3 percent voted similarly in 2004.

Table MO-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 066 1 902 2 165

3 987 1 872 2 115

98.1 98.4 97.7

3 023 1 386 1 637

74.3 72.9 75.6

2 659 1 217 1 442

65.4 64.0 66.6

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 243 2 023 2 219

4 106 1 933 2 173

96.8 95.6 97.9

3 336 1 540 1 796

78.6 76.1 80.9

2 815 1 299 1 516

66.3 64.2 68.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 636 3 544 433 55 115 3 702 3 610 455 57

3 538 3 483 433 27 68 3 604 3 549 455 29

97.3 98.3 100.0 B 58.8 97.4 98.3 100.0 B

2 865 2 822 382 13 50 2 917 2 874 399 15

78.8 79.6 88.2 B 43.3 78.8 79.6 87.6 B

2 424 2 393 324 13 35 2 468 2 437 335 15

66.7 67.5 74.7 B 30.1 66.7 67.5 73.6 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

540 1 576 1 317 452 357

519 1 483 1 305 441 357

96.2 94.1 99.1 97.6 100.0

343 1 193 1 110 373 316

63.6 75.7 84.3 82.4 88.6

269 965 966 342 273

49.9 61.2 73.3 75.7 76.3

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

MONTANA At a Glance: • •

In 2004, Montana had an estimated population of nearly 927,000, ranking it 44th in the country. Over 89 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White. Over 6 percent of the state’s residents were American Indian, which was the fifth largest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Montana’s median household income of less than $34,000 was the second lowest in the country. The state’s poverty rate of 14.1 percent was above the national average. The unemployment rate was among the lowest in the country, at 4.4 percent in 2004. Real gross state product was among the nation’s smallest, but it had an above average rate of growth from 2001 to 2004. In 2004, nearly 92 percent of the state’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, ranking second in the nation. Over 19 percent of Montana’s population lacked health insurance in 2004. This was the fifth highest proportion in the nation.

• •

• •

Table MT-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

799 065 0.3

902 195 0.3

926 865 0.3

X X

0.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

395 769 403 296

449 480 452 715

462 265 464 600

49.9 50.1

0.7 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

59 257 162 847 150 627 576 961 70 011 249 826 106 497 10 676

54 869 175 193 672 133 85 757 245 220 220 207 120 949 15 337

52 510 155 583 718 772 99 049 234 483 258 691 126 549 18 233

5.7 16.8 77.5 10.7 25.3 27.9 13.7 2.0

-1.0 -0.3 1.6 2.5 -0.5 4.0 1.3 4.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.8

37.5

39.5

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States 1.0

0.9

1.2

1.2 1.1

Montana

0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Montana is a large, sparsely populated state, with one of the lowest population density rates in the nation. From 2000 to 2004, the state’s population increased 2.7 percent, which was well below the national population growth rate. The state benefited from the in-migration of over 13,000 new residents from other states. However, Montana ranked last for the number of new residents from other countries. The state had one of the smallest proportions of population age 18 years and under. Montana also had the fourth highest median age in the nation. Blacks made up just 0.3 percent of the state’s population, the lowest proportion of this racial group in the country.

289

290

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MT-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

799 065

902 195

926 865

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.8 0.3 6.0 0.5 0.5 ...

89.7 0.3 6.0 0.6 ... 1.4

89.1 0.3 6.2 0.6 ... 1.4

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.5

2.0

2.4

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 12

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

8

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

American Indian, Alaska Native

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

4

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Montana’s infant mortality rate was the same as the national average. Its age-adjusted death rate for all causes was slightly below average, and its death rate for cardiovascular diseases was well below the U.S. average. Montana’s birth rate was among the lowest in the nation, contributing to the state’s slower population growth. Table MT-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

11 422 12.4 35.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.9

6.9

842.8 821.9 1 091.9 1 271.6 ... 725.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

19.1 15.4 10.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Montana

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table MT-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

8 289

842.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

2 762 1 911 559 496 222 217 251 225 116 69 172 143 105 64 98 30 110 7 13 17 20 7

277.0 194.2 56.7 53.0 22.5 21.7 24.8 24.7 11.7 7.0 18.8 15.6 10.8 7.0 10.1 3.3 11.1 0.8 1.3 1.7 2.2 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

MONTANA

291

Table MT-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

306 163 211 666 176 526 35 140 8 743 26 397 94 497 80 491 14 006

358 667 237 407 192 067 45 340 13 324 32 016 121 260 98 422 22 838

368 530 238 947 193 352 45 595 14 486 31 109 129 583 106 502 23 081

0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.1 -0.7 1.7 2.0 0.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.53 361 155 306 163 205 899 100 264

2.45 412 633 358 667 247 723 110 944

2.45 423 262 368 530 252 597 115 933

X 0.6 0.7 0.5 1.1

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

311 56 500

447 99 500

520 119 319

3.9 4.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

40,000

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

50,000

1,000

Dollars

United States Montana

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

30,000 20,000

United States Montana

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table MT-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 987 35 025 36 591 34 282 35 953

14.1 15.1 13.5 13.3 14.1

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

35 182 36 545 34 284 34 383 34 165 34 836 34 075 34 998 33 579 32 758

15.8 16.6 15.6 17.0 15.3 11.5 14.9 13.8 15.4 16.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

34 854 34 109 32 557 33 426 33 883 33 801 ... ... ... ...

15.6 14.6 18.0 16.5 16.0 13.8 15.4 17.0 13.1 13.2

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

292

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MT-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

730 60 57 105 131 143 107 127

486 30 47 89 114 120 68 19

66.5 49.6 83.3 84.3 87.0 83.7 62.9 14.8

462 26 43 84 110 116 65 18

4.9 11.0 9.8 5.2 3.6 3.5 3.4 4.5

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

359 33 29 53 61 71 56 55

256 16 25 48 56 62 38 10

71.2 49.4 87.6 90.5 91.5 86.7 67.4 18.6

242 14 23 45 54 59 36 10

5.6 12.6 9.8 6.0 3.6 3.7 4.7 6.6

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

370 27 28 52 69 72 51

230 13 22 40 58 58 30

62.0 50.0 78.7 77.9 83.0 80.8 57.9

220 12 20 39 56 57 29

4.3 9.0 9.9 4.3 3.6 3.4 1.7

199 203 33

146 131 25

73.6 64.7 74.7

142 128 23

2.9 2.6 6.2

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

673 332 341

449 239 210

66.8 72.0 61.7

430 227 203

4.3 4.9 3.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

16

11

66.5

10

6.4

50 48 95 119 135 102 124

27 41 82 103 114 65 18

53.5 84.3 86.1 87.0 84.3 63.9 14.6

24 37 78 100 110 63 17

10.5 8.2 4.6 2.7 3.4 3.3 4.5

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table MT-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

483 043 473 473 469 254 468 097 468 277

461 746 452 493 448 459 447 213 445 881

21 297 20 980 20 795 20 884 22 396

4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.8

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

465 256 460 837 451 617 447 141 441 705 434 774 422 579 417 262 409 649 408 301

440 646 435 156 427 504 422 458 417 770 410 957 397 257 390 362 383 776 383 706

24 610 25 681 24 113 24 683 23 935 23 817 25 322 26 900 25 873 24 595

5.3 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.5 6.0 6.4 6.3 6.0

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Montana

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

MONTANA

293

Table MT-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

565 989 32 047 533 942 443 701 7 617 7 060 3 259 38 351 24 601 16 553 8 048 17 301 70 766 17 493 9 412 20 602 18 958 29 092 1 364 21 296 5 785 57 654 14 583 46 393 32 114 90 241

572 341 32 535 539 806 450 300 8 424 6 722 2 990 38 550 23 380 15 346 8 034 17 224 71 207 17 366 9 085 21 293 19 202 29 769 1 480 21 576 6 180 59 746 15 499 47 293 33 314 89 506

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

24 959 21 575 25 010 24 317 19 370 52 592 53 033 30 529 32 433 31 420 34 530 32 262 18 480 33 592 31 113 35 262 18 186 34 118 35 575 17 197 16 312 26 451 14 569 10 878 17 694 27 489

25 923 24 902 25 939 24 992 21 434 52 619 56 240 30 635 33 374 32 266 35 516 33 539 19 319 33 919 32 761 36 086 18 694 35 000 36 316 18 221 16 533 27 523 14 796 11 157 18 134 29 394

581 668 31 655 550 013 457 843 7 660 6 956 2 909 41 308 22 349 14 366 7 983 17 290 71 262 17 006 9 163 21 779 20 469 30 329 1 429 22 816 6 384 60 340 16 518 48 168 33 708 92 170

596 758 31 785 564 973 472 667 7 482 8 272 2 992 43 354 22 609 14 325 8 284 17 897 73 191 17 076 9 276 22 352 21 736 31 046 1 177 24 008 6 709 62 119 17 094 49 708 34 569 92 306

1.8 -0.3 1.9 2.1 -0.6 5.4 -2.8 4.2 -2.8 -4.7 1.0 1.1 1.1 -0.8 -0.5 2.8 4.7 2.2 -4.8 4.1 5.1 2.5 5.4 2.3 2.5 0.8

27 720 22 030 27 801 26 804 22 256 53 910 58 462 32 282 35 263 33 994 37 419 36 039 20 698 36 106 34 993 39 243 21 528 38 119 41 046 20 117 18 134 29 927 15 335 11 683 19 789 31 473

3.6 0.7 3.6 3.3 4.7 0.8 3.3 1.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 3.8 3.8 2.4 4.0 3.6 5.8 3.8 4.9 5.4 3.6 4.2 1.7 2.4 3.8 4.6

Dollars 26 815 23 149 26 866 25 851 21 418 53 134 59 201 31 716 34 534 33 207 36 896 34 194 20 075 34 670 33 331 38 020 20 066 36 779 37 182 18 923 17 387 28 747 15 337 11 394 18 998 30 506

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Montana’s unemployment rate has been below the national average since 2000. Wage and salary employment was concentrated in government, retail trade, health care, tourism-related sectors, and construction. Employment grew steadily during the 2001–2004 period, at the sixth highest rate in the nation. Declines in manufacturing and utilities were offset by increases in construction, wholesale and retail trade, and most service sector industries. Average wages and salaries were the lowest in the country and below average across all major industry groupings. However, the state’s average wages and salaries grew by 11.1 percent over the 2001–2004 period, which was among the 15 highest rates of growth in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

15.5%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

40.5%

12.3%

Health care and social assistance Accommodation and food services Construction

10.4% Other services, except public administration 5.8%

7.3%

8.3%

Other

294

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MT-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

5 322 3 870 783 668 -14 682 537 14 4 799 1 453 892 7 144 7 032 112

8 483 5 701 1 411 1 371 279 1 092 1 077 -4 7 402 2 935 2 024 12 361 11 982 379

14 321 9 963 2 306 2 052 82 1 970 1 733 26 12 614 4 763 3 339 20 716 20 483 233

15 581 10 458 2 451 2 672 128 2 544 1 853 32 13 760 4 995 3 605 22 359 22 083 276

16 019 10 948 2 749 2 322 46 2 276 1 970 31 14 080 4 974 3 789 22 843 22 627 216

17 247 11 489 3 004 2 754 275 2 479 2 077 29 15 199 4 979 3 919 24 096 23 672 424

18 445 12 156 3 283 3 007 287 2 720 2 201 30 16 274 5 157 4 212 25 643 25 212 431

6.5 5.1 9.2 10.0 36.9 8.4 6.2 3.3 6.6 2.0 6.0 5.5 5.3 16.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 058

15 448

22 929

24 672

25 083

26 244

27 666

4.8

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Montana

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Montana’s economy was dominated by the service sector, and the state’s economic growth was faster than the national average throughout the 2001–2004 period. Real gross state product ranked 48th in the nation in 2004, but grew by 12.2 percent from 2001 to 2004. The main sectors contributing to growth were real estate and related activities, health care, information services, construction, and wholesale and retail trade. Housing price appreciation has been strong in recent years—at about the national average growth rate—and even higher in the recreational areas of the state. Still, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Montana ranked 31st in the nation.

Table MT-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

20 098 0.2

20 587 0.2

20 916 0.2

21 367 0.2

21 838 0.2

22 621 0.2

23 493 0.2

24 506 0.2

3.9 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

16 608 756 636 811 1 208 1 232 6.1 1 135 1 553 980 484 903 2 211 4 695 23.4 846 65 393 75 1 725 285 720 586 3 494 17.4

17 074 722 648 788 1 239 1 393 6.8 1 226 1 589 984 534 910 2 278 4 777 23.2 860 60 411 80 1 750 271 735 610 3 513 17.1

17 393 736 717 859 1 215 1 204 5.8 1 227 1 649 1 005 578 964 2 378 4 864 23.3 884 74 429 83 1 796 270 754 574 3 523 16.8

17 732 753 728 871 1 155 1 260 5.9 1 246 1 667 1 017 605 1 005 2 430 4 994 23.4 942 65 411 83 1 863 280 777 573 3 635 17.0

18 213 757 694 801 1 179 1 225 5.6 1 317 1 805 964 687 1 077 2 566 5 156 23.6 1 029 129 410 81 1 895 284 752 576 3 625 16.6

18 968 917 650 812 1 163 1 236 5.5 1 389 1 992 984 741 1 139 2 586 5 397 23.9 1 082 154 439 81 1 996 300 776 569 3 654 16.2

19 704 900 660 867 1 252 1 228 5.2 1 370 2 131 1 026 796 1 220 2 672 5 620 23.9 1 150 169 483 77 2 048 324 791 578 3 790 16.1

20 625 900 713 888 1 302 1 231 5.0 1 442 2 275 1 062 878 1 298 2 880 5 809 23.7 1 185 142 515 77 2 117 323 826 624 3 883 15.8

4.2 5.9 0.9 3.5 3.4 0.2 X 3.1 8.0 3.3 8.5 6.4 3.9 4.1 X 4.8 3.3 7.9 -1.7 3.8 4.4 3.2 2.7 2.3 X

X = Not applicable.

MONTANA

295

Table MT-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

836

1 916

3 127

3 366

3 573

3 717

4 008

6.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

469 400 43 23 3

1 098 845 73 177 2

1 540 1 376 92 71 2

1 625 1 452 94 78 2

1 715 1 527 97 89 2

1 785 1 584 98 100 2

1 872 1 665 100 104 2

5.0 4.9 2.1 10.1 9.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

169 101 66 2

521 296 212 13

1 095 551 526 17

1 198 611 561 25

1 254 656 562 35

1 277 695 554 28

1 476 765 681 30

7.8 8.5 6.6 15.0

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

68 11 19 20 19

142 29 40 42 31

251 57 28 52 114

267 61 32 54 120

295 63 36 59 137

328 64 34 72 159

343 67 26 82 168

8.1 3.8 -1.9 12.3 10.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

56

48

70

82

96

104

82

4.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

53

66

119

127

142

153

166

8.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

14

33

41

54

61

57

60

10.1

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

6

9

11

13

10

12

9

-3.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of Montana’s exports was the second lowest in the country in 2004. However, exports increased nearly 15.6 percent from 2001 to 2004. Exports of chemical manufactures increased significantly and became the state’s leading export in 2003. In 2004, chemical manufactures accounted for more than 20 percent of total exports. Mining and paper product exports more than doubled from 2001 to 2004. Over half of the state’s exports went to Canada. Exports of animal products to Canada fell from nearly $92 million in 2001 to less than $2 million in 2004. Exports to Japan, South Korea, and China more than doubled between 2001 and 2004.

Machinery 20.2%

Mining 12.4%

Paper 7.0%

Chemicals 21.4%

Crops 6.3%

Other 32.7%

Table MT-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

489 295 171 23

386 290 79 17

361 273 66 23

565 432 116 17

100.0 76.5 20.6 3.0

4.9 13.6 -12.1 -9.7

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Mining (212) ........................................................................... Paper products (322) ............................................................. Crop production (111) ............................................................

51 101 35 19 36

60 72 25 30 27

65 59 31 28 23

121 114 70 40 36

21.4 20.2 12.4 7.0 6.3

33.5 4.0 25.9 27.9 -0.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... South Korea ........................................................................... Taiwan ...................................................................................

476 303 22 34 8 23

374 235 27 15 7 14

352 222 27 11 8 9

553 297 54 34 27 27

97.8 52.6 9.6 6.1 4.9 4.8

5.1 -0.6 34.2 0.4 53.3 5.3

296

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table MT-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 27 632 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 58 445 339 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

27 870 59 612 403

2 115

2 139

21.2 30.6 48.2

23.3 30.4 46.4

650 281 309 73 526

835 250 386 83 976

1 921 771 952 468 969 303 69 549

1 882 114 733 324 1 148 791 67 532

43.4 36.8 19.8

50.4 31.5 18.0

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

185 547 53.3

210 749 44.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

61.0

63.5

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

The value of Montana’s farm products totaled $1.9 billion in 2002, somewhat higher than the total value reported on the previous farm census in 1997. The state ranked 32nd in the nation for these cash receipts in 2002. The value of crop sales declined from 1997 to 2002, but sales of livestock, poultry, and their products increased. The state’s leading products were cattle and wheat. Over 63 percent of farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation—a significantly higher proportion than in many other farming states. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were high in Montana, ranking 10th in the nation. However, energy prices were close to the national average. The state’s per capita consumption of 403.5 Btu ranked 13th in the nation, but was down significantly from earlier years. Coal and petroleum were the chief energy sources. Hydroelectric power was also a significant contributor to Montana’s energy sources.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

300

Residential 19.1% Transportation 29.4%

150

0

-150

-300 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 35.1%

Commercial 16.3%

Table MT-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

227 594 337.2

259 004 366.9

322 786 464.8

345 477 461.7

360 491 458.2

370 206 450.2

350 089 438.1

384 822 443.1

407 621 451.8

365 571 403.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

16.4 11.5 46.5 25.6

16.2 11.4 50.1 22.3

15.9 11.5 51.5 21.1

17.3 12.8 46.2 23.8

17.1 11.7 46.6 24.7

18.3 18.6 41.1 22.0

17.7 14.9 44.1 23.4

17.1 13.9 43.4 25.6

17.3 15.1 41.6 26.0

19.1 16.3 35.1 29.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

3 999 57 638 107 103 0 62 415 7 520 -2 -11 079

5 537 70 795 110 841 0 87 692 7 813 -3 -23 672

12 023 90 601 126 134 0 91 769 6 627 -4 -4 365

18 630 81 190 154 554 0 105 784 6 223 -6 -20 898

60 228 61 453 163 629 0 103 522 11 089 -7 -39 422

99 055 47 312 151 704 0 106 294 13 970 238 -48 366

168 852 44 377 142 344 0 111 476 11 572 287 -128 819

175 306 59 571 155 528 0 110 811 16 565 126 -133 086

176 783 69 589 165 204 0 98 167 15 756 274 -118 152

184 287 66 482 167 984 0 67 285 13 173 284 -133 926

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

334 400 482

658 300 880

1 409 400 1 792

1 741 100 2 117

1 684 500 2 108

1 983 700 2 284

2 544 000 2 820

2 483 500 2 741

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.56 1.86 1.51 0.82 2.34

2.78 2.72 2.39 1.80 4.02

6.03 5.35 5.12 3.72 8.92

7.39 8.22 8.21 5.70 8.44

7.67 8.86 8.38 5.21 9.36

7.84 9.52 9.58 4.99 9.56

9.71 10.93 10.47 6.40 12.21

10.23 12.06 12.43 6.54 11.65

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

297

MONTANA

Table MT-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 625 692

100.0

1 753.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

183 937

11.3

198.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

437 051 437 051 20 570 50 496 61 063 197 605 28 169 45 209 33 842

26.9 26.9 1.3 3.1 3.8 12.2 1.7 2.8 2.1

471.5 471.5 22.2 54.5 65.9 213.2 30.4 48.8 36.5

1 003.4 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

233 372 37 208 144 651 37 855

14.4 2.3 8.9 2.3

251.8 40.1 156.0 40.8

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

771 332 605 582 67 723 11 431 83 503

47.4 37.3 4.2 0.7 5.1

832.1 653.3 73.1 12.3 90.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Montana

2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were above the national average in 2003. Montana’s expenditures per person were the 15th highest in the nation. Spending on health, highways, and natural resources was much higher than average, while spending on public welfare and hospitals was below average. Taxes per person amounted to $1,754 in fiscal year 2004, ranking 37th in the nation. Individual income taxes were the largest source of revenue, but remained lower than the national average. Montana’s property taxes were the 6th highest of the 37 states with such taxes. The state’s per capita debt was also above the national average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table MT-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

3 967 788 1 582 665 1 487 019 0 385 840 207 449 535 830 44 137 313 763 428 806 469 298

100.0 39.9 37.5 0.0 9.7 5.2 13.5 1.1 7.9 10.8 11.8

4 322.2 1 724.0 1 619.8 0.0 420.3 226.0 583.7 48.1 341.8 467.1 511.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

3 917 125 938 000 2 979 125

100.0 23.9 76.1

4 267.0 1 021.8 3 245.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 372 442 663 613 42 815 262 645 495 515 45 678 103 384 187 761 6 319 240 176 125 218 371 559

35.0 16.9 1.1 6.7 12.6 1.2 2.6 4.8 0.2 6.1 3.2 9.5

1 495.0 722.9 46.6 286.1 539.8 49.8 112.6 204.5 6.9 261.6 136.4 404.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 879 317

X

3 136.5

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

9 802 395

X

10 678.0

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

298

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table MT-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

623

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

91.9 25.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

149 995 33.7 4.5 865 14.4 7 496

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

45 286 5 238 53.8

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Montana

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, 91.9 percent of Montana’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas. Only Minnesota had a higher proportion of high school graduates. Montana ranked 26th in the nation for college attainment, with 25.5 percent of its population age 25 years and over holding bachelor’s degrees or more. The state’s per student expenditures of $7,496 were below the U.S. average of $8,041. The student/teacher ratio was also lower than the national average, partly due to the state’s smaller proportion of school-age population. Montana’s dropout rate of 3.9 percent was about average among the 46 states reporting such data.

Montana ranked much higher than the national average for voter turnout for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, the state had the sixth highest voter participation rate in the nation. More than 71 percent of eligible female voters in Montana turned out for the 2004 election. This was an increase of more than 7 percentage points from this group’s turnout rate in 2000. The male turnout rate increased 8 percentage points from the 2000 to the 2004 election. Montana voted overwhelmingly Republican. In 2000, 58.4 percent cast their ballots for the Republican presidential candidate; in 2004, 59.1 percent voted similarly.

Table MT-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

658 329 329

650 327 323

98.9 99.4 98.3

461 224 237

70.0 68.0 72.1

409 198 212

62.2 60.1 64.3

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

690 339 352

687 338 350

99.6 99.8 99.4

519 252 266

75.1 74.5 75.7

482 231 252

69.9 68.1 71.6

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

647 637 3 12 657 646 4

646 636 1 12 655 645 2

99.8 99.8 B B 99.8 99.8 B

493 486 6 498 492 -

76.1 76.3 B B 75.9 76.1 B

461 456 5 465 460 -

71.1 71.5 B B 70.8 71.2 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

90 222 254 61 63

90 220 254 61 62

B 99.3 100.0 B B

52 152 207 53 54

B 68.6 81.6 B B

41 139 198 53 52

B 62.8 77.8 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

- = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NEBRASKA At a Glance: •

In 2004, Nebraska’s population was over 1.7 million. Like many of its neighbors, the state had below average population growth from 2001 to 2004. The state lost nearly 24,000 residents to other states from 2001 to 2004, but an above average birth rate helped prevent a net population loss. Nearly 86 percent of Nebraska’s population was non-Hispanic White. This was the 14th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. More than 4 percent of the population was Black and 7 percent was Hispanic (of any race). Median household income was just below the national average, ranking 24th in the country. Nebraska’s poverty rate of 9.4 percent was well below the U.S. average. In 2004, the state’s unemployment rate was 3.8 percent, the sixth lowest in the nation. More than 91 percent of the state’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, the fourth highest proportion in the nation. Nebraska ranked fourth in the nation for the value of its agricultural sales.

• •

• • • •

Table NE-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 578 385 0.6

1 711 263 0.6

1 747 214 0.6

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

769 439 808 946

843 351 867 912

863 628 883 586

49.4 50.6

0.6 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

119 606 309 406 284 398 1 149 373 155 887 486 020 223 068 29 202

117 048 333 194 1 261 021 174 425 487 107 367 294 232 195 33 953

122 049 312 517 1 312 648 190 767 473 637 416 441 231 803 35 910

7.0 17.9 75.1 10.9 27.1 23.8 13.3 2.1

0.1 0.1 1.0 1.4 -0.2 2.8 0.3 1.6

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.9

35.3

35.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5

United States Nebraska

1.0

1.2

1.1

0.9 0.8 0.5

0.5

0.1 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Nebraska’s population increased 2.1 percent from 2000 to 2004, which was well below the national growth rate of 4.3 percent. Despite a net loss of population to other states, Nebraska gained nearly 19,000 new residents from other countries. The largest concentration of population was in the city of Omaha. The state’s proportion of school-age residents was close to the U.S. average. However, Nebraska had the 16th highest proportion of population age 65 years and over. Having fewer working-age residents contributed to the state’s low unemployment rate. Nebraska had the 17th highest proportion of American Indian residents in the nation.

299

300

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NE-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 578 385

1 711 263

1 747 214

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

92.5 3.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 ...

87.5 4.0 0.8 1.3 ... 0.9

85.7 4.1 0.8 1.5 ... 1.0

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.3

5.5

6.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

15

Percent

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 10

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Just 11.4 percent of Nebraska’s residents lacked health insurance, well below the U.S. proportion of 15.7 percent. The state’s infant mortality rate was close to the national average, and its age-adjusted death rate was slightly below average.

Table NE-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

25 917 14.9 36.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.0

6.9

799.9 787.3 1 112.3 1 199.8 439.7 554.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.4 6.0 4.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Nebraska

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NE-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

15 301

799.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

5 738 3 401 885 678 401 382 414 283 273 132 194 149 108 63 87 53 149 26 19 26 18 17

291.1 185.5 46.8 37.1 21.3 18.8 20.0 16.1 14.0 7.1 11.3 8.6 6.2 3.7 5.1 3.1 7.5 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

NEBRASKA

301

Table NE-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

602 363 415 427 350 514 64 913 14 738 50 175 186 936 159 671 27 265

666 184 443 411 360 996 82 415 22 072 60 343 222 773 183 550 39 223

687 456 449 933 366 636 83 297 24 694 58 603 237 523 194 328 43 195

0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 2.8 -0.7 1.6 1.4 2.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.54 660 621 602 363 400 394 201 969

2.49 722 668 666 184 449 317 216 867

2.47 757 743 687 456 470 233 217 223

X 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.0

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

348 50 000

491 88 000

547 106 656

2.7 4.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Nebraska

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Nebraska

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NE-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 761 45 156 44 953 46 538 45 795

9.4 9.8 10.6 9.4 8.6

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 782 42 142 40 716 40 772 40 531 40 085 39 917 39 646 39 965 38 514

11.0 12.3 9.8 10.2 9.6 8.8 10.3 10.6 9.5 10.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 718 38 601 37 000 35 801 36 500 37 021 ... ... ... ...

12.8 10.3 11.9 13.6 14.8 13.3 15.2 13.6 14.0 13.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

302

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NE-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 331 100 133 218 249 264 159 207

990 64 110 196 226 235 120 40

74.4 63.9 82.3 89.5 90.6 88.8 76.0 19.5

953 56 102 189 218 231 117 39

3.8 12.6 6.7 3.4 3.3 1.7 2.5 2.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

649 51 68 110 123 134 77 86

524 32 58 105 118 124 63 24

80.7 63.6 86.4 94.9 95.4 92.6 80.9 27.9

504 28 55 101 114 122 61 23

3.7 13.1 6.3 3.8 3.1 1.3 2.5 2.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

682 49 65 108 126 131 81

467 32 51 91 108 111 58

68.5 64.3 78.1 84.1 85.8 84.9 71.2

449 28 47 88 104 108 57

3.8 12.0 7.2 3.1 3.5 2.1 2.4

387 399 57

319 287 43

82.5 72.0 75.0

313 282 40

2.1 1.7 6.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 222 597 625

914 485 428

74.8 81.3 68.6

885 470 414

3.2 3.1 3.3

Black .....................................................

48

32

66.9

29

11.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

79 43 36

62 36 26

78.5 84.5 71.4

58 34 24

7.3 5.9 9.3

85 120 198 226 245 148 200

56 100 179 205 220 113 40

66.3 83.6 90.4 90.7 89.8 76.7 19.9

51 95 174 199 216 110 39

10.2 5.3 2.8 2.8 1.7 2.4 2.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table NE-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

985 340 975 639 959 363 956 879 952 057

947 882 936 736 923 620 926 926 925 898

37 458 38 903 35 743 29 953 26 159

3.8 4.0 3.7 3.1 2.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

942 189 938 106 926 814 921 521 906 351 885 932 861 406 841 928 832 215 816 703

916 270 914 644 904 492 896 132 882 603 862 659 837 361 817 915 810 181 797 799

25 919 23 462 22 322 25 389 23 748 23 273 24 045 24 013 22 034 18 904

2.8 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Nebraska

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEBRASKA

303

Table NE-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 182 375 62 362 1 120 013 955 853 8 609 2 346 1 599 65 442 113 892 55 363 58 529 45 625 139 535 52 085 25 384 65 427 26 038 51 565 13 350 62 465 19 242 112 387 18 084 70 928 61 850 164 160

1 179 899 61 639 1 118 260 950 474 8 520 2 172 1 800 65 067 109 291 51 732 57 559 44 740 136 241 53 840 24 198 65 198 26 418 51 264 14 484 59 565 20 059 114 838 18 569 70 134 64 076 167 786

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 456 27 631 28 468 28 212 12 796 34 749 59 275 32 186 32 464 33 756 31 252 36 502 18 293 41 933 40 561 39 660 23 762 42 224 51 928 20 749 22 304 29 462 13 723 10 614 18 795 29 684

29 466 26 939 29 500 29 172 14 308 35 542 63 799 33 160 33 407 34 796 32 170 37 680 19 081 41 271 41 490 41 292 24 596 42 771 53 935 22 698 22 486 30 405 13 691 10 765 19 358 31 007

1 187 214 60 192 1 127 022 957 757 7 762 2 484 2 035 67 971 105 378 48 871 56 507 44 051 136 830 54 717 23 609 66 039 27 566 51 740 14 026 58 483 20 719 118 824 18 757 71 166 65 600 169 265

1 201 762 59 882 1 141 880 971 512 8 079 2 520 2 008 69 549 103 810 48 545 55 265 43 998 138 048 55 803 23 373 66 658 28 989 53 748 14 837 59 093 21 429 121 142 19 016 72 570 66 842 170 368

0.5 -1.3 0.6 0.5 -2.1 2.4 7.9 2.0 -3.0 -4.3 -1.9 -1.2 -0.4 2.3 -2.7 0.6 3.6 1.4 3.6 -1.8 3.7 2.5 1.7 0.8 2.6 1.2

31 570 32 039 31 564 31 171 13 891 40 616 77 992 34 149 35 764 38 145 33 698 41 149 20 269 41 778 44 581 44 828 26 337 45 745 58 132 23 777 24 747 32 943 14 415 11 284 21 301 33 364

3.5 5.1 3.5 3.4 2.8 5.3 9.6 2.0 3.3 4.2 2.5 4.1 3.5 -0.1 3.2 4.2 3.5 2.7 3.8 4.6 3.5 3.8 1.7 2.1 4.3 4.0

Dollars 30 436 29 237 30 452 30 051 15 254 37 943 69 761 33 524 34 641 36 320 33 205 38 676 19 545 41 027 43 485 42 976 25 196 44 645 56 217 22 558 23 626 31 609 14 042 10 932 20 480 32 289

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Along with a low unemployment rate, Nebraska had an above average labor force participation rate, suggesting a relatively robust labor market. Total wage and salary employment growth was low over the 2001–2004 period. Manufacturing employment declined from 2001 to 2004. Jobs in nondurable goods industries, which tend to be less cyclically sensitive, experienced less of a drop than jobs in durable goods production. Average wages and salaries were well below the national averages across all major industry groupings, despite having an above average overall rate of growth.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.2%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 11.5%

43.8%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

10.1%

Accommodation and food services Construction

8.6% 5.8%

6.0%

Other

304

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NE-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

11 151 8 483 1 496 1 172 -105 1 277 1 051 -215 9 885 2 824 1 693 14 403 14 313 90

21 918 14 979 3 125 3 814 1 933 1 881 2 372 -382 19 164 5 915 3 365 28 444 26 275 2 169

36 120 26 540 5 317 4 264 609 3 654 4 031 -825 31 263 9 991 6 075 47 329 46 386 943

37 672 27 316 5 612 4 744 792 3 951 4 200 -833 32 639 9 998 6 666 49 303 48 124 1 180

38 522 28 087 6 361 4 073 291 3 782 4 379 -887 33 255 10 023 7 069 50 347 49 702 644

41 489 29 112 6 832 5 545 1 563 3 981 4 549 -927 36 013 10 036 7 378 53 427 51 463 1 964

43 878 30 431 7 344 6 103 1 741 4 362 4 738 -963 38 176 10 474 7 743 56 393 54 219 2 175

5.0 3.5 8.4 9.4 30.0 4.5 4.1 X 5.1 1.2 6.3 4.5 4.0 23.2

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 160

17 983

27 625

28 684

29 162

30 750

32 276

4.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Nebraska

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Nebraska’s gross state product (GSP) ranked 37th in the nation, but its growth rate from 2003 to 2004 was just 1.5 percent, which was the second lowest growth rate in the country. This was partly due to declines in agriculturalrelated industries and construction, as well as to the only moderate recoveries in manufacturing and many serviceproviding industries. Housing price appreciation was well below the national average, and the median value of owner-occupied housing ranked 39th in the country at $106,696. Housing activity played an insignificant role in the state’s economic activity during this period.

Year

Table NE-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

52 781 0.6

53 814 0.6

54 594 0.6

55 727 0.6

56 158 0.6

57 599 0.6

60 672 0.6

61 596 0.6

3.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

44 755 2 515 40 646 2 373 6 514 12.3 3 411 3 463 3 497 1 984 4 329 4 653 11 170 21.2 2 132 1 020 1 790 395 3 159 323 1 042 1 309 8 041 15.2

45 696 2 296 41 654 2 521 6 654 12.4 3 691 3 506 3 740 1 741 4 644 4 760 11 389 21.2 2 215 967 1 770 385 3 328 320 1 084 1 320 8 130 15.1

46 631 1 887 55 604 2 614 6 976 12.8 3 823 3 673 3 904 1 947 4 715 4 970 11 477 21.0 2 242 928 1 661 390 3 523 317 1 140 1 276 7 965 14.6

47 831 1 962 44 619 2 532 7 550 13.5 3 831 3 673 3 914 1 839 5 184 5 024 11 660 20.9 2 352 1 028 1 454 408 3 671 310 1 188 1 249 7 896 14.2

48 000 2 182 41 687 2 394 7 345 13.1 4 054 3 990 4 048 1 896 4 519 5 246 11 597 20.7 2 339 850 1 469 423 3 752 336 1 173 1 255 8 158 14.5

49 280 2 232 43 672 2 348 7 522 13.1 4 235 4 229 4 211 2 063 4 624 5 196 11 937 20.7 2 430 943 1 501 401 3 884 347 1 180 1 251 8 319 14.4

52 195 3 614 45 756 2 407 7 843 12.9 4 118 4 530 4 251 2 282 4 984 5 067 12 317 20.3 2 563 926 1 488 400 4 067 358 1 210 1 305 8 489 14.0

52 882 2 625 44 805 2 424 8 047 13.1 4 306 4 772 4 349 2 511 5 193 5 234 12 762 20.7 2 692 953 1 515 401 4 183 357 1 258 1 403 8 717 14.2

3.3 6.4 2.4 5.4 0.4 3.1 X 2.0 6.1 2.4 9.8 4.7 -0.1 3.2 X 4.8 3.9 1.0 -1.8 3.7 2.0 2.4 3.8 2.2 X

X = Not applicable.

NEBRASKA

305

Table NE-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

1 582

3 159

5 694

6 245

6 693

7 033

7 397

6.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

930 856 72 2 *

1 787 1 666 116 5 1

2 696 2 534 153 7 1

2 833 2 665 159 8 1

2 953 2 775 167 8 2

3 033 2 850 172 8 4

3 150 2 963 175 8 4

4.0 4.0 3.3 3.6 34.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

351 238 107 6

924 555 346 23

2 259 1 162 1 074 23

2 582 1 282 1 268 32

2 740 1 367 1 329 45

2 885 1 435 1 411 39

3 071 1 562 1 463 46

8.0 7.7 8.0 18.9

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

117 24 43 27 24

230 48 61 61 61

427 92 49 60 227

449 96 49 65 239

527 99 61 76 291

602 102 67 94 339

665 106 72 112 374

11.7 3.8 10.2 16.8 13.3

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

54

34

54

88

148

170

133

25.2

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

97

120

189

204

231

252

280

10.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

31

62

65

82

90

87

93

9.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

2

4

7

3

3

5

4.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Nebraska was not a major force in the goods export market. The value of its exports was $2.3 billion in 2004, ranking 42nd in the nation. From 2001 to 2004, exports dropped by 14.3 percent. This was primarily due to a decline in processed food exports, which fell from over $1 billion in 2001 to $563 million in 2004. Growth in machinery manufactures and chemical manufactures exports could not offset this loss. Crop production and transportation exports, which were the state’s fourth and fifth leading exports, respectively, also declined during this period. Exports to Japan fell considerably from 2001 to 2004, mostly due to the drop in processed food exports.

Machinery 15.9% Chemicals 12.8%

Processed foods 24.3%

Crops 11.5%

Transportation equipment 9.3% Other 26.3%

Table NE-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 702 2 266 406 29

2 528 2 226 271 31

2 724 2 249 429 46

2 316 1 934 345 37

100.0 83.5 14.9 1.6

-5.0 -5.1 -5.3 8.0

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Crop production (111) ............................................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

1 070 269 166 334 259

1 053 284 217 257 211

955 294 249 294 235

563 368 295 266 215

24.3 15.9 12.8 11.5 9.3

-19.3 11.0 21.3 -7.3 -5.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Netherlands ...........................................................................

2 493 572 449 621 69 101

2 338 561 465 429 76 74

2 514 701 472 358 84 99

2 119 690 418 193 88 86

91.5 29.8 18.1 8.4 3.8 3.7

-5.3 6.4 -2.3 -32.2 8.5 -5.1

306

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NE-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 54 539 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 45 853 656

2002

49 355 45 903 116

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

841

930

15.5 44.2 40.3

14.8 43.5 41.6

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

550 705 658 83 079

723 863 776 111 776

9 937 248 3 881 119 6 056 130 182 204

9 703 657 3 388 265 6 315 392 196 609

25.1 40.9 34.0

30.5 37.5 32.0

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

326 937 72.0

347 517 64.9

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

67.8

73.0

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Nebraska was a large farming state. In 2002, the value of its agricultural sales ranked fourth in the nation. About 35 percent of these sales came from crops, while the remaining proportion was from livestock, poultry, and their products. The state’s chief products were cattle, hogs, and wheat. Nearly one-third of farms in Nebraska had sales of $100,000 or more, and 73 percent of all farm operators regarded farming as their principal occupation. Less than 15 percent of farms in the state spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was among the smallest proportions of farms of this size in the nation. ENERGY In 2001, energy expenditures per person in Nebraska were relatively high, ranking 18th in the nation. Per capita consumption was also above average, though down slightly from 2000. Energy prices were below the U.S. average. In 2001, coal overtook petroleum to become the state’s leading source of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

300

Trillion of Btu

Residential 24.3%

Transportation 25.9%

150

0

-150

-300 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 20.7%

Industrial 29.1%

Table NE-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

308 314 218.5

349 227 237.4

487 332 328.1

525 733 340.7

508 749 324.1

500 267 315.7

522 291 330.9

586 745 358.8

630 929 368.7

627 081 364.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

25.4 13.9 30.2 30.6

27.3 15.2 28.2 29.2

25.9 19.4 26.1 28.6

23.6 17.3 30.6 28.5

24.9 18.3 29.1 27.7

25.6 22.0 24.5 27.9

24.2 21.5 25.6 28.6

23.5 21.3 27.3 27.9

23.1 20.8 28.8 27.4

24.3 20.7 29.1 25.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

20 010 140 430 136 476 0 10 317 3 108 0 -2 026

20 815 164 719 141 138 -64 11 663 1 901 0 9 055

29 716 224 114 192 052 0 14 383 1 567 0 25 500

32 886 217 521 208 101 65 153 12 624 2 775 0 -13 327

93 942 159 491 189 582 63 082 13 875 7 069 0 -18 292

115 478 123 864 189 218 43 911 15 051 6 656 0 6 088

142 024 109 174 206 232 79 485 11 859 4 273 89 -30 844

179 482 133 690 212 188 78 650 14 706 4 508 199 -36 677

206 940 127 599 224 468 89 988 15 309 4 896 335 -38 606

227 495 124 057 217 783 91 170 11 437 4 376 394 -49 631

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

666 900 449

1 202 200 779

2 454 300 1 563

2 929 000 1 848

3 130 100 1 983

3 333 500 2 039

4 310 700 2 519

4 412 300 2 567

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.72 1.84 1.37 0.88 2.51

2.89 2.95 2.36 1.77 4.15

6.51 5.79 5.00 4.50 9.20

8.01 8.74 8.27 6.21 8.72

8.35 9.34 8.86 6.15 9.13

7.97 9.69 8.84 5.24 8.74

9.90 11.26 10.85 6.95 11.07

10.25 12.36 11.91 7.24 10.84

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

307

NEBRASKA

Table NE-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

3 639 811

100.0

2 083.5

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

2 336

0.1

1.3

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

1 988 078 1 524 591 463 487 23 159 38 460 302 899 71 220 18 210

54.6 41.9 12.7 0.6 1.1 8.3 2.0 0.5

1 138.0 872.7 265.3 13.3 22.0 173.4 40.8 10.4

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

201 921 88 780 63 980 20 165

5.5 2.4 1.8 0.6

115.6 50.8 36.6 11.5

134.9 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

1 447 476 1 242 603 167 429 26 423

39.8 34.1 4.6 0.7

828.6 711.3 95.8 15.1

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Nebraska

2,000

Dollars

GOVERNMENT FINANCE State revenues per person were slightly above the national average in 2003, while expenditures per person were below average. However, Nebraska was among just 12 states where expenditures did not exceed revenue. The state’s debt per person of $1,229 was among the seven lowest in the nation. Expenditures on hospitals and health were above average. In fiscal year 2004, total taxes per person amounted to $2,083, which was above average and ranked 18th in the nation. The chief sources of revenue were sales receipts and individual income taxes. The state’s property taxes were among the lowest of the 37 states with such taxes.

2 024.8

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NE-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 749 800 2 139 810 3 347 700 1 426 914 459 812 199 584 1 122 893 111 597 26 900 623 152 639 138

100.0 31.7 49.6 21.1 6.8 3.0 16.6 1.7 0.4 9.2 9.5

3 885.9 1 231.9 1 927.3 821.5 264.7 114.9 646.5 64.2 15.5 358.8 368.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

6 493 783 1 784 749 4 709 034

100.0 27.5 72.5

3 738.5 1 027.5 2 711.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

2 233 120 1 809 391 191 539 391 150 557 869 69 707 182 378 164 263 32 494 184 353 107 132 570 387

34.4 27.9 2.9 6.0 8.6 1.1 2.8 2.5 0.5 2.8 1.6 8.8

1 285.6 1 041.7 110.3 225.2 321.2 40.1 105.0 94.6 18.7 106.1 61.7 328.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 135 502

X

1 229.4

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

8 609 609

X

4 956.6

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

308

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NE-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 103

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

91.3 24.8

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

285 402 33.9 5.5 1 250 13.6 8 074

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.2

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

117 621 11 025 55.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Nebraska

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Nebraska was one of eight states that had a high school attainment rate of more than 90 percent in 2004. Less than 25 percent of the state’s residents age 25 years and over had graduated from college, which was well below the national proportion. Nebraska’s per student expenditures of $8,074 were slightly above the U.S. average. The student/teacher ratio was among the 15 lowest in the country. Nebraska’s dropout rate of 4.2 percent ranked 18th among the 46 states reporting data. The state had a lower than average proportion of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch.

Voter turnout in Nebraska for both the 2000 and 2004 elections was just above the national average. More than 61 percent of eligible voters participated in the 2004 election. Among eligible voters age 45 years and over, the participation rate exceeded 70 percent. Hispanics had the lowest voter turnout in the state, with just over 16 percent of eligible voters casting ballots in 2004. The majority of the state’s voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in both elections. In 2000, 62.2 percent of residents voted for the Republican presidential ticket; in 2004, this proportion increased to 65.9 percent.

Table NE-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 205 579 626

1 176 567 609

97.6 97.9 97.3

865 394 471

71.8 68.1 75.2

710 331 379

58.9 57.2 60.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 294 628 667

1 215 585 630

93.9 93.2 94.5

918 431 487

70.9 68.7 73.0

793 367 426

61.3 58.4 64.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 181 1 089 51 16 119 1 198 1 103 53 16

1 127 1 084 47 7 56 1 143 1 099 49 7

95.4 99.6 B B 47.2 95.4 99.6 B B

865 845 31 2 27 877 854 31 2

73.3 77.6 B B 23.0 73.2 77.4 B B

755 741 21 2 19 762 748 21 2

63.9 68.1 B B 16.2 63.6 67.8 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

203 457 420 107 107

186 412 405 106 106

91.8 90.2 96.5 98.4 99.1

102 300 336 87 94

50.3 65.6 79.9 80.7 87.4

78 252 301 79 82

38.6 55.1 71.8 73.9 76.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NEVADA At a Glance: •

Nevada’s population grew nearly 17 percent from 2000 to 2004, making it the fastest-growing state in the nation. In 2004, its population was over 2.3 million, ranking 35th in the country. In 2004, 61.2 percent of the state’s population was non-Hispanic White. Nearly 23 percent of residents were Hispanic (of any race), which was the fifth highest proportion of this ethnic group in the nation. Median household income was well above the national average, ranking 17th in the country. Nevada’s poverty rate of 10.9 percent was below average. The state’s unemployment rate was 4.3 percent in 2004 (the 11th lowest in the nation). Real gross state product ranked 31st in the country, but had the highest rate of growth in the nation from 2000 to 2004. For persons age 25 years and over, Nevada ranked 33rd for proportion of high school graduates and 35th for proportion of college graduates. More than 18 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance in 2004.

•

• •

• •

Table NV-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 201 833 0.5

1 998 257 0.7

2 334 771 0.8

X X

4.0 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

611 880 589 953

1 018 051 980 206

1 188 803 1 145 968

50.9 49.1

4.0 4.0

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

92 217 204 731 244 017 904 885 118 945 414 292 127 631 7 463

145 817 365 982 1 486 458 179 708 628 572 459 249 218 929 16 989

169 018 434 578 1 731 175 209 851 710 299 548 946 262 079 24 000

7.2 18.6 74.1 9.0 30.4 23.5 11.2 1.0

4.2 5.5 4.8 4.0 3.9 6.0 5.3 8.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.2

35.0

35.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

6.0 5.0

5.2

United States Nevada

4.0

4.1

4.0

3.0 2.0 1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Nevada has seen an enormous increase in its population in recent years. The population increased by 16.9 percent between 2000 and 2004, and has been among the fastest growing in the nation for many years. A substantial share of this increase has been caused by immigration from other states and from foreign countries. During the 2000–2004 period, over 216,000 people moved into Nevada from other states, along with nearly 56,000 new residents from other countries. The state had the ninth highest proportion of population under 18 years old, and the sixth lowest proportion of population 65 years old and over. Las Vegas was the largest metropolitan area.

309

310

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NV-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 201 833

1 998 257

2 334 771

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

78.7 6.4 1.6 3.2 4.4 ...

65.7 6.7 1.1 4.9 ... 1.9

61.2 7.0 1.0 5.8 ... 2.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

10.4

19.7

22.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

40

American Indian, Alaska Native

30

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander

20

Non-Hispanic Black 10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH The relatively low rate of health insurance coverage partly reflected the state’s large service-providing economy and a high number of jobs that were less likely to provide workers with health insurance. Nevada’s birth rate was the ninth highest in the nation.

Table NV-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

33 647 15.0 53.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.0

6.9

915.9 952.3 1 082.4 706.0 560.8 532.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

18.5 16.1 10.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Nevada

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NV-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

16 158

915.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

5 595 3 838 1 100 776 314 347 220 331 359 351 403 352 285 294 224 161 79 80 45 30 26 16

330.2 206.4 64.0 39.2 16.8 21.7 15.3 16.2 20.9 20.3 19.6 17.1 13.8 14.0 10.6 7.7 4.7 3.8 2.2 1.8 1.3 0.8

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

NEVADA

311

Table NV-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

466 297 307 400 239 573 67 827 20 318 47 509 158 897 119 627 39 270

751 165 498 333 373 201 125 132 41 650 83 482 252 832 186 745 66 087

871 915 560 310 415 049 145 261 35 899 109 362 311 605 244 846 66 759

3.8 3.0 2.7 3.8 -3.6 7.0 5.4 7.0 0.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.53 518 858 466 297 255 388 210 909

2.62 827 457 751 165 457 247 293 918

2.64 976 446 871 915 533 755 338 160

X 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.6

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

509 95 300

699 142 000

787 202 937

3.0 9.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

60,000

1,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

40,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States Nevada

20,000 United States

250

Nevada 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NV-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 330 46 398 47 224 48 450 50 191

10.9 10.9 8.9 7.1 8.8

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 996 46 011 45 600 46 198 44 415 45 225 46 104 42 100 44 548 44 878

11.3 10.6 11.0 8.1 11.1 11.1 9.8 14.7 11.4 9.8

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 163 42 934 42 741 43 110 38 969 44 597 ... ... ... ...

10.8 8.6 10.4 8.1 14.4 10.5 9.7 7.8 10.5 8.3

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

312

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NV-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 759 120 151 336 351 310 226 266

1 175 55 116 284 294 253 135 38

66.8 45.8 77.0 84.5 83.8 81.6 59.8 14.3

1 125 48 108 273 285 246 129 37

4.2 13.0 7.2 3.7 2.8 2.8 4.8 3.9

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

886 63 73 175 180 157 108 129

657 29 62 167 169 137 70 23

74.2 45.5 84.1 95.5 93.4 87.3 65.5 17.9

629 24 58 160 165 133 67 22

4.2 16.0 6.4 4.1 2.2 2.9 4.9 5.8

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

874 58 77 160 170 153 119

518 27 54 116 125 116 65

59.3 46.1 70.2 72.6 73.6 75.7 54.6

496 24 50 113 121 112 62

4.2 9.8 8.2 3.2 3.7 2.7 4.8

482 451 102

363 263 73

75.4 58.3 71.4

355 255 68

2.4 2.9 6.5

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 483 755 728

986 562 425

66.5 74.3 58.4

948 540 408

3.9 3.9 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

112 54 58

73 38 35

64.9 70.4 59.8

68 36 33

6.2 6.3 6.1

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

99 46 53

70 34 36

70.8 75.3 66.9

67 32 35

4.7 7.1 2.3

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

301 162 138

220 143 77

73.1 88.2 55.5

211 138 74

3.8 3.6 4.1

125 274 292 266 197 229

97 231 242 216 119 33

77.4 84.4 82.8 81.4 60.5 14.6

90 223 236 211 114 32

7.4 3.3 2.4 2.6 4.5 3.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table NV-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 177 558 1 148 519 1 124 629 1 102 370 1 064 015

1 126 346 1 089 709 1 061 900 1 043 911 1 016 072

51 212 58 810 62 729 58 459 47 943

4.3 5.1 5.6 5.3 4.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 022 584 982 065 937 803 893 556 852 622 814 221 765 898 727 558 693 695 655 896

978 969 938 662 895 258 847 274 805 286 764 451 714 032 677 076 650 324 622 516

43 615 43 403 42 545 46 282 47 336 49 770 51 866 50 482 43 371 33 380

4.3 4.4 4.5 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.8 6.9 6.3 5.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Nevada

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEVADA

313

Table NV-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 288 792 5 512 1 283 280 1 147 539 1 650 11 858 4 621 107 640 46 643 31 237 15 406 38 269 137 236 42 490 21 990 62 252 59 131 63 994 9 129 80 825 6 035 77 185 42 457 284 409 49 725 135 741

1 303 692 4 986 1 298 706 1 157 533 1 839 10 825 5 163 108 285 46 065 31 137 14 928 38 469 140 058 42 191 19 706 63 871 62 993 66 476 9 167 80 733 6 828 81 030 43 791 277 958 52 085 141 173

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

33 572 21 564 33 600 32 869 18 366 58 696 68 537 39 775 39 522 42 114 34 200 45 927 25 211 31 370 45 059 46 007 29 629 52 651 98 753 23 450 26 610 37 539 24 483 26 151 23 343 38 734

34 514 30 906 34 521 33 705 22 335 62 210 70 375 40 812 39 185 41 279 34 742 46 295 25 649 32 510 45 138 47 130 30 772 54 173 105 825 23 959 28 026 38 709 24 796 26 945 23 745 40 026

1 353 836 5 349 1 348 487 1 202 651 1 729 11 299 5 179 117 368 47 018 32 109 14 909 37 799 145 761 42 518 19 023 66 104 68 338 70 456 9 384 86 127 7 479 84 886 45 215 283 870 53 098 145 836

1 430 271 5 225 1 425 046 1 274 664 1 743 12 381 5 243 136 527 49 435 34 172 15 263 39 026 153 322 44 706 18 108 68 483 72 758 74 089 11 326 94 712 8 287 89 587 46 138 293 234 55 559 150 382

3.5 -1.8 3.6 3.6 1.8 1.4 4.3 8.2 2.0 3.0 -0.3 0.7 3.8 1.7 -6.3 3.2 7.2 5.0 7.5 5.4 11.1 5.1 2.8 1.0 3.8 3.5

37 616 23 046 37 644 36 778 21 984 63 308 80 130 42 622 42 550 45 026 36 892 50 761 27 202 35 110 47 645 53 691 34 359 57 862 147 783 25 069 29 519 41 640 27 457 28 863 25 742 43 684

3.9 2.2 3.9 3.8 6.2 2.6 5.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.6 3.4 2.6 3.8 1.9 5.3 5.1 3.2 14.4 2.3 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.3 4.1

Dollars 35 840 22 468 35 869 34 990 22 036 62 864 73 808 41 745 41 522 44 237 35 567 47 783 26 062 33 681 45 995 50 737 31 721 56 665 123 507 24 486 28 037 39 992 26 008 27 648 24 371 41 810

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Nevada’s unemployment rate has been slightly below the national average since 2000. This was accompanied by a relatively high labor force participation rate, suggesting that Nevada’s labor market has been successful in providing jobs for those seeking work. Wage and salary employment was concentrated in tourism-related sectors (accommodation and food services), retail trade, government, and construction. Unlike most other states, a relatively small proportion of jobs were in manufacturing industries. Employment increased each year between 2001 and 2004, with Nevada’s labor market appearing to be largely immune to the 2001 recession. Average wages and salaries for most industries were slightly below the national averages.

Employment by Industry, 2004

20.5%

Accommodation and food services Retail trade

35.8%

Government and government enterprises 10.7%

Construction Administrative and waste services

10.5%

6.3% 6.6%

9.5%

Health care and social assistance Other

314

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NV-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

8 022 6 302 1 112 607 31 576 775 -160 7 087 1 529 863 9 480 9 424 56

19 912 15 082 3 149 1 680 45 1 635 2 387 -381 17 144 5 085 2 607 24 837 24 760 76

47 401 35 138 6 844 5 419 34 5 384 4 701 -339 42 361 13 067 5 999 61 428 61 334 94

49 487 36 670 7 331 5 487 39 5 447 4 988 -302 44 198 13 351 6 819 64 367 64 270 98

50 995 37 800 7 991 5 205 14 5 191 5 245 -305 45 445 13 545 7 658 66 649 66 569 80

55 068 40 631 8 794 5 643 28 5 615 5 627 -361 49 079 14 392 8 160 71 632 71 545 87

61 538 45 171 9 992 6 376 39 6 337 6 180 -449 54 909 15 108 8 859 78 876 78 780 96

6.7 6.5 9.9 4.1 3.0 4.2 7.1 X 6.7 3.7 10.2 6.4 6.5 0.5

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 700

20 346

30 437

30 721

30 738

31 947

33 783

2.6

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Nevada

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

From 2001 to 2004, Nevada’s real gross state product (GSP) grew by over 20 percent, more than double the national rate growth of 9.1 percent. The largest contributors to this increase were real estate and related activities, tourism, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, management services, and government. Mining was the only industry that experienced declines from 2001 to 2004. Housing price appreciation over recent years has been among the fastest in the country. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in the state, totaling nearly $203,000, was the 13th highest in the nation. Housing contributed to the state’s employment and economic growth during the period.

Table NV-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

64 480 0.7

67 242 0.7

71 311 0.8

74 797 0.8

75 892 0.8

78 167 0.8

83 603 0.8

91 418 0.9

6.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

57 816 134 1 196 1 308 7 456 2 305 3.6 2 617 4 641 2 051 1 318 3 397 8 456 23 110 35.8 2 933 1 085 1 977 102 2 874 2 174 10 613 1 352 6 664 10.3

60 140 167 1 258 1 305 7 686 2 531 3.8 2 993 4 949 2 124 1 486 3 458 8 819 23 468 34.9 3 135 1 073 2 115 114 2 927 2 242 10 467 1 395 7 106 10.6

63 999 171 1 308 1 371 7 488 2 404 3.4 3 138 5 406 2 296 1 862 4 186 9 131 25 289 35.5 3 260 1 127 2 338 124 3 107 2 177 11 751 1 405 7 312 10.3

67 247 204 1 348 1 385 6 940 2 787 3.7 3 194 5 783 2 572 2 107 5 459 9 254 26 214 35.0 3 340 908 2 325 130 3 336 2 245 12 585 1 345 7 550 10.1

68 207 188 1 158 1 372 6 785 2 756 3.6 3 530 6 386 2 174 2 211 5 597 9 695 26 389 34.8 3 562 1 314 2 338 138 3 584 2 232 11 883 1 338 7 685 10.1

70 411 189 1 127 1 478 6 796 2 780 3.6 3 616 6 781 2 434 2 165 5 913 10 039 27 147 34.7 3 806 1 313 2 391 144 3 809 2 167 12 210 1 307 7 759 9.9

75 565 194 1 197 1 614 7 283 3 069 3.7 3 547 7 479 2 987 2 255 6 855 10 329 28 849 34.5 4 259 1 633 2 632 143 4 035 2 281 12 523 1 343 8 051 9.6

82 915 163 1 157 1 793 8 254 3 323 3.6 3 770 8 303 3 241 2 326 7 816 11 409 31 443 34.4 4 518 2 285 2 887 156 4 305 2 361 13 411 1 520 8 528 9.3

6.7 -4.6 0.0 9.3 6.8 6.4 X 2.2 9.1 14.2 1.7 11.8 5.6 6.0 X 8.2 20.3 7.3 4.2 6.3 1.9 4.1 4.3 3.5 X

X = Not applicable.

NEVADA

315

Table NV-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

809

2 460

5 588

6 343

7 223

7 751

8 440

10.9

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

456 327 17 111 1

1 428 1 051 34 341 3

2 684 2 610 49 21 5

2 949 2 869 50 23 6

3 211 3 123 52 28 8

3 443 3 351 53 29 11

3 723 3 628 54 29 12

8.5 8.6 2.7 8.2 26.2

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

187 121 54 12

675 447 193 35

2 044 1 327 678 39

2 363 1 509 795 58

2 706 1 657 967 82

2 941 1 797 1 075 69

3 390 2 039 1 268 84

13.5 11.3 16.9 21.2

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

51 11 11 17 12

145 33 28 44 40

407 109 41 58 200

441 121 42 71 207

548 133 59 100 257

629 144 57 114 313

654 151 45 123 335

12.6 8.6 2.8 20.6 13.8

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

52

87

197

296

434

390

285

9.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

52

93

199

221

249

272

307

11.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

9

28

47

50

56

59

63

8.0

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

4

10

22

19

16

18

15.7

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

As Nevada’s economy was largely based around serviceproviding industries, exports did not play a very significant role in the overall economy. In 2004, the state ranked 40th in the nation for value of exports, which amounted to $2.9 billion. The leading export was primary metal manufactures, which increased from $32 million in 2001 to nearly $1.3 billion in 2004. Transportation equipment exports fell from being the second leading export in 2001 to the sixth in 2004. All of Nevada’s other leading exports have had sizable gains in recent years. Switzerland became the state’s leading export market in 2003, as a result of its demand for Nevada’s primary metal manufactures exports (mainly gold).

Primary metal manufactures 43.8 % Computers and electronic products 19.7%

Miscellaneous manufactures Other 15.0% 14.1% Fabricated metal Machinery products 4.5% 2.9%

Table NV-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 423 1 324 44 55

1 177 1 098 41 37

2 033 1 937 46 49

2 907 2 795 54 57

100.0 96.2 1.9 2.0

26.9 28.3 7.0 1.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Primary metal manufactures (331) ........................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

32 457 240 82 59

27 413 301 74 51

672 491 366 107 77

1 275 571 436 129 85

43.8 19.7 15.0 4.5 2.9

242.2 7.7 22.1 16.3 12.9

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Switzerland ............................................................................ Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Israel ......................................................................................

1 324 9 581 125 85 26

1 079 9 380 71 76 36

1 889 658 468 105 79 50

2 768 1 260 583 118 101 71

95.2 43.4 20.1 4.0 3.5 2.5

27.9 429.3 0.2 -2.0 5.8 39.5

316

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NV-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

2002

3 198 6 397 569

2 989 6 330 622

2 000

2 118

43.7 33.3 23.0

46.7 29.1 24.2

794 743 398 65 749

953 619 446 110 619

358 869 153 225 205 643 112 217

446 989 157 730 289 259 149 545

52.4 31.5 16.1

55.4 25.2 19.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

1 343 9.6

4 322 14.7

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

52.4

58.7

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more ....................................................................... Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

In 2002, Nevada’s cash receipts from farming totaled $447 million, which ranked among the five lowest amounts in the nation. Cattle was the chief product, as very little in the way of crops was grown in this largely desert state. More than 55 percent of farms had less than $10,000 in sales. Nearly 47 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the 15th highest proportion of farms of this size in the country. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were slightly above the national average in 2001. Energy prices in Nevada were the 10th highest in the nation. The state’s per capita consumption was well below average, ranking 37th in the nation. Petroleum, coal, and natural gas were the state’s main energy sources. The transportation sector was the largest consumer of energy, accounting for almost to 33 percent of total energy used. Nevada was a large exporter of electricity.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

300

Residential 23.4% Transportation 32.6%

150

0

-150

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 26.9%

Commercial 17.2%

Table NV-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

91 152 319.8

130 310 293.5

190 113 389.0

238 223 384.2

291 603 364.3

302 576 318.2

399 442 332.4

497 439 326.0

626 495 313.5

629 370 300.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

15.7 11.5 26.6 46.2

18.9 14.8 23.4 42.9

19.6 19.5 22.4 38.4

20.3 21.5 19.5 38.7

21.4 11.7 27.1 39.8

22.5 18.0 22.8 36.7

21.8 17.6 27.4 33.1

20.5 17.4 29.6 32.4

22.9 17.5 26.8 32.7

23.4 17.2 26.9 32.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

3 962 12 883 54 537 0 21 164 946 0 -2 340

7 892 29 395 70 005 0 16 668 876 0 5 474

17 290 56 868 90 407 0 17 271 1 051 0 7 226

101 298 65 355 115 885 0 17 583 1 244 0 -63 142

93 216 62 020 147 098 0 24 643 2 764 0 -38 138

126 210 41 630 135 587 0 45 386 4 118 99 -50 454

165 309 66 887 168 773 0 18 048 2 733 16 914 -39 224

162 496 112 502 208 168 0 20 021 3 474 33 572 -42 794

199 344 194 127 235 826 0 24 783 4 124 30 431 -62 140

188 568 181 258 250 166 0 25 575 3 480 26 959 -46 635

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

278 500 570

614 100 990

1 659 700 2 073

1 856 600 1 952

2 395 400 1 993

3 030 400 1 986

4 708 700 2 356

5 126 900 2 448

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.96 2.67 2.17 1.02 2.08

3.52 4.28 3.87 2.18 3.66

8.17 8.69 7.73 7.20 8.44

8.94 12.44 11.16 7.67 7.79

8.96 11.11 10.46 7.90 8.37

9.21 13.39 11.24 8.10 7.94

11.70 13.83 11.86 10.15 11.53

12.70 17.23 15.85 12.40 10.47

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

NEVADA

317

Table NV-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita

Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

4 738 877

100.0

2 029.5

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

132 468

2.8

56.7

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

3 824 602 2 264 749 1 559 853 33 867 861 511 194 228 293 595 129 055 37 946

80.7 47.8 32.9 0.7 18.2 4.1 6.2 2.7 0.8

1 638.0 969.9 668.0 14.5 369.0 83.2 125.7 55.3 16.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Amusements ............................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

623 400 95 668 52 760 139 467 308 850

13.2 2.0 1.1 2.9 6.5

267.0 41.0 22.6 59.7 132.3

134.9 0.8 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer ................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

158 407 24 548 96 704 37 155

3.3 0.5 2.0 0.8

67.8 10.5 41.4 15.9

847.6 19.6 27.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Nevada

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, Nevada’s revenues and expenditures per person were lower than the national averages, ranking 49th in the country for both amounts. Spending on health was the only category in which the state ranked higher than the national average. In fiscal year 2004, per capita taxes amounted to $2,029, an amount that ranked 22nd in the country and was close to the national average. The state had no individual income or corporate income taxes. Thus, the largest sources of revenue were sales receipts and licenses, which brought in a high amount of income due to the large number of casinos in the state. Nevada’s property taxes ranked 14th among the 37 states with such taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Table NV-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

6 548 496 1 498 008 4 129 137 2 192 321 1 309 644 449 224 0 0 177 948 587 136 334 215

100.0 22.9 63.1 33.5 20.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 2.7 9.0 5.1

2 920.8 668.2 1 841.7 977.8 584.1 200.4 0.0 0.0 79.4 261.9 149.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

6 705 536 2 648 660 4 056 876

100.0 39.5 60.5

2 990.9 1 181.4 1 809.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

2 666 071 1 190 018 128 511 198 602 705 996 58 925 216 356 109 909 17 379 201 305 132 342 1 080 122

39.8 17.7 1.9 3.0 10.5 0.9 3.2 1.6 0.3 3.0 2.0 16.1

1 189.2 530.8 57.3 88.6 314.9 26.3 96.5 49.0 7.8 89.8 59.0 481.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

3 604 272

X

1 607.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

19 162 163

X

8 546.9

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

318

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NV-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 464

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.3 24.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

369 498 41.6 18.1 527 19.0 6 092

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

6.4

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

96 883 4 877 59.5

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Nevada 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

The proportion of Nevada’s residents age 25 years and over with a high school diploma increased to 86.3 percent in 2004, which exceeded the national average. The proportion of college graduates among the same age group remained lower than the U.S. average. The rapid influx of new residents also impacted other education measures. The state’s student/teacher ratio was the sixth highest in the nation. Nevada’s per student expenditures amounted to $6,092, nearly $2,000 less than the national average. Nevada ranked seventh out of the 46 states with dropout data, with a rate of 6.4 percent.

Nevada had one of the lowest voter turnout rates in the country for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, 51.3 percent of eligible voters turned out, ranking 48th in the nation. This participation rate was a slight improvement over the 46.5 percent that voted in 2000. Less than 24 percent of eligible Hispanic voters cast ballots in 2004. Persons age 45 to 75 years had the highest participation rate, exceeding 60 percent. Less than 39 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years cast ballots in 2004. The Republican presidential candidate won 49.5 percent of the vote in 2000 and 50.8 percent of the vote in 2004.

Table NV-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 377 693 683

1 229 623 606

89.3 89.9 88.7

720 349 371

52.3 50.3 54.2

641 310 331

46.5 44.7 48.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 699 856 842

1 477 743 734

87.0 86.8 87.1

965 471 494

56.8 55.0 58.7

871 421 450

51.3 49.2 53.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 445 1 168 113 84 301 1 465 1 182 122 88

1 260 1 123 108 64 151 1 280 1 137 117 68

87.2 96.1 95.7 B 50.2 87.4 96.2 96.0 B

844 770 61 31 83 859 780 69 35

58.4 65.9 54.1 B 27.6 58.7 66.0 56.8 B

763 696 56 29 72 775 705 63 32

52.8 59.6 49.6 B 23.8 52.9 59.7 52.0 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

215 673 544 153 113

187 535 501 144 110

87.0 79.4 92.0 94.3 97.6

103 329 359 106 68

47.8 48.9 65.9 69.4 60.2

83 291 335 99 63

38.4 43.3 61.5 64.6 55.9

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NEW HAMPSHIRE At a Glance: •

In 2004, New Hampshire’s population reached nearly 1.4 million, ranking it as the 41st most populous state in the country. Non-Hispanic Whites made up over 94 percent of the population, the fifth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. New Hampshire’s median household income of $56,886 was the second highest in the country; the state’s poverty rate was the lowest of all the states. The unemployment rate was 3.8 percent in 2004 (the 7th lowest in the nation) and real gross state product ranked 40th. The educational attainment of New Hampshire residents was high: the state ranked sixth for the proportion of population age 25 years and over with a high school diploma and fourth for the population with a bachelor’s degree or more. Like its New England neighbors, New Hampshire had a below average proportion of residents without health insurance.

• • • •

•

Table NH-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 109 252 0.4

1 235 786 0.4

1 299 500 0.4

X X

1.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

543 544 565 708

607 687 628 099

640 940 658 560

49.3 50.7

1.3 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

84 565 194 190 200 411 830 497 117 602 387 455 125 029 13 286

75 685 233 877 926 224 103 369 381 240 293 645 147 970 18 231

72 678 232 316 994 506 122 278 364 920 350 636 156 672 21 723

5.6 17.9 76.5 9.4 28.1 27.0 12.1 1.7

-1.2 1.3 1.3 0.2 -0.4 4.1 1.7 3.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.7

37.1

38.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.0

1.9

United States New Hampshire

1.5 1.2 1.0

0.9

1.1

1.1

1.3

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

New Hampshire’s population increased by 5.2 percent between 2000 and 2004. This was the 14th highest growth rate in the nation and above the growth rates of the other New England states. Over half of its growth was due to an influx of new residents from other states. Another 9,600 people moved to New Hampshire from other countries. The state’s birth rate was the third lowest in the nation and did not contribute greatly to the state’s population growth. New Hampshire had a below average proportion of its population under 18 years old.

2000–2004

Year

319

320

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NH-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 109 252

1 235 786

1 299 500

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

97.3 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.3 ...

95.3 0.7 0.2 1.3 ... 0.8

94.3 0.8 0.2 1.7 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.0

1.7

2.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 6

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

4

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

2

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH New Hampshire’s infant mortality rate was the second lowest in the nation, and its birth rate for teenage mother was the lowest in the country. The state’s age-adjusted death rates were below the national averages for most of the leading causes of death. Table NH-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

14 393 11.2 18.2

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

4.9

6.9

796.2 785.8 796.2 ... 373.3 392.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.7 7.8 4.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States New Hampshire

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NH-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

9 788

796.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

3 696 2 470 591 351 300 216 296 126 128 68 143 82 105 82 96 14 61 13 16 16 12 14

301.6 199.8 48.8 28.0 24.4 17.7 24.3 10.0 10.5 5.6 11.2 6.4 8.3 6.3 7.3 1.1 5.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

U.S.

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

321

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table NH-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

411 186 292 601 245 307 47 294 12 517 34 777 118 585 90 364 28 221

474 606 323 651 262 438 61 213 18 261 42 952 150 955 116 014 34 941

491 589 332 472 267 910 64 562 17 866 46 696 159 117 123 869 35 248

0.9 0.7 0.5 1.3 -0.5 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.62 503 904 411 186 280 372 130 814

2.53 547 024 474 606 330 700 143 906

2.57 575 671 491 589 356 649 134 940

X 1.3 0.9 1.9 -1.6

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

549 129 300

646 133 300

810 216 639

5.8 12.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

70,000

1,000

60,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

250

50,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States New Hampshire

40,000 30,000 20,000 United States New Hampshire

10,000 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NH-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

56 886 57 060 58 109 54 776 55 860

5.4 5.8 5.8 6.5 4.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 203 52 032 48 117 47 237 48 215 44 436 48 872 52 033 48 734 57 185

7.6 9.8 9.1 6.4 5.3 7.7 9.9 8.7 7.3 6.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

55 214 53 125 51 423 50 232 44 209 44 836 ... ... ... ...

7.7 6.7 4.8 3.7 6.0 7.1 8.1 10.3 7.6 7.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

322

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NH-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 018 76 80 159 208 207 139 149

724 40 64 134 181 182 100 22

71.1 52.9 79.8 84.7 87.0 88.0 72.2 15.0

698 35 60 130 177 178 97 22

3.7 12.3 5.7 3.5 2.4 2.7 3.5 3.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

497 41 41 76 101 107 69 62

387 20 33 71 96 101 54 12

77.9 48.9 80.4 93.6 94.8 94.3 79.2 19.0

372 17 31 69 94 98 52 12

4.0 14.6 6.8 3.2 2.4 3.1 4.5 2.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

521 34 39 83 107 100 70

337 20 31 63 85 82 46

64.7 57.7 79.2 76.5 79.6 81.2 65.3

326 18 29 61 83 80 45

3.3 10.0 4.5 3.8 2.4 2.2 2.4

298 288 45

244 192 32

81.9 66.7 70.5

239 189 30

2.3 1.7 5.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

979 477 502

695 370 325

71.0 77.6 64.8

670 355 315

3.6 4.0 3.3

Asian .....................................................

17

12

67.6

11

3.0

Hispanic or Latino 1 .............................

16

13

81.8

13

5.3

73 76 147 198 202 136 147

39 61 125 172 178 98 22

53.1 80.6 85.2 87.0 88.1 72.1 14.9

34 58 121 168 173 94 21

12.4 5.3 3.5 2.3 2.7 3.6 3.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table NH-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

723 028 717 297 713 903 704 821 695 300

695 739 685 366 681 509 680 587 677 071

27 289 31 931 32 394 24 234 18 229

3.8 4.5 4.5 3.4 2.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

684 904 670 560 656 094 641 246 631 050 624 566 619 307 615 648 614 452 620 037

666 066 651 292 635 469 617 629 605 929 594 935 580 137 568 909 569 621 585 032

18 838 19 268 20 625 23 617 25 121 29 631 39 170 46 739 44 831 35 005

2.8 2.9 3.1 3.7 4.0 4.7 6.3 7.6 7.3 5.6

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

New Hampshire

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEW HAMPSHIRE

323

Table NH-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

795 229 5 092 790 137 702 058 3 665 885 2 897 52 143 101 748 76 720 25 028 29 355 112 822 16 992 15 642 35 046 26 491 47 977 7 369 33 430 23 938 80 845 18 406 52 925 39 482 88 079

794 563 5 114 789 449 698 447 3 738 798 3 005 52 732 89 212 66 067 23 145 29 380 114 704 16 820 14 634 35 988 27 008 47 162 6 673 33 489 25 331 83 064 19 189 54 128 41 392 91 002

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

34 689 18 503 34 736 35 485 27 513 43 916 64 404 42 169 44 670 46 509 38 954 59 829 23 163 30 561 55 892 53 788 30 276 56 708 69 027 28 190 26 328 32 800 17 601 14 994 22 830 29 990

35 373 24 382 35 404 36 096 27 925 46 929 66 469 43 797 46 061 48 212 39 836 59 285 23 907 31 045 54 697 56 624 34 585 56 715 67 336 29 093 28 139 34 436 17 435 15 324 23 928 31 220

804 072 5 126 798 946 705 577 3 265 877 2 944 55 920 84 430 62 366 22 064 29 354 115 507 16 945 14 300 36 224 28 707 47 461 6 502 35 138 26 276 85 238 19 552 54 702 42 235 93 369

819 201 4 823 814 378 721 094 3 202 935 2 886 57 117 84 251 63 246 21 005 30 117 117 120 16 725 14 617 36 513 30 252 49 214 7 215 37 178 27 225 86 715 20 314 56 660 42 838 93 284

1.0 -1.8 1.0 0.9 -4.4 1.8 -0.1 3.1 -6.1 -6.2 -5.7 0.9 1.3 -0.5 -2.2 1.4 4.5 0.9 -0.7 3.6 4.4 2.4 3.3 2.3 2.8 1.9

38 354 26 155 38 383 39 003 31 981 47 328 79 212 43 410 50 648 53 171 42 933 62 891 25 590 33 564 59 149 64 027 38 433 59 605 91 382 31 454 31 222 37 365 19 387 16 186 25 482 34 669

3.4 12.2 3.4 3.2 5.1 2.5 7.1 1.0 4.3 4.6 3.3 1.7 3.4 3.2 1.9 6.0 8.3 1.7 9.8 3.7 5.8 4.4 3.3 2.6 3.7 5.0

Dollars 36 533 20 164 36 580 37 199 30 243 43 470 69 012 42 080 48 184 50 637 41 165 60 375 25 081 31 526 56 208 61 054 36 673 57 376 71 872 29 565 30 052 35 743 18 485 15 738 24 598 32 941

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET New Hampshire’s unemployment rate has been below the national average since the mid-1990s. In 2004, it was roughly equal to that of Vermont, but was lower than those of the other New England states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island). Employment was concentrated in retail trade, government, health care, manufacturing, construction, and tourism-related industries (accommodation and food services). Manufacturing employment decreased quite dramatically during the 2001–2003 period, but the rate of decline slowed in 2004. These losses were offset by employment gains in health care, tourism, and government. Overall, average wages and salaries were only slightly below the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.3%

Retail trade Government and government enterprises

39.6%

11.4%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

10.6%

Construction Accommodation and food services

6.9%

10.3% 7.0%

Other

324

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NH-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

6 410 4 891 876 644 -2 646 560 849 6 699 1 435 969 9 104 9 091 13

15 817 11 781 2 275 1 761 20 1 741 1 720 2 004 16 101 4 568 2 149 22 817 22 775 42

29 405 21 875 4 039 3 491 0 3 491 3 210 4 043 30 239 6 986 4 204 41 429 41 389 40

30 353 22 469 4 291 3 593 -3 3 596 3 354 4 015 31 014 7 044 4 566 42 624 42 588 36

31 173 22 733 4 700 3 739 -15 3 754 3 423 3 903 31 652 6 794 4 994 43 441 43 409 32

32 479 23 557 5 053 3 869 -3 3 871 3 558 3 890 32 812 6 629 5 080 44 521 44 483 38

34 913 25 064 5 593 4 257 -2 4 259 3 815 4 059 35 157 6 938 5 566 47 661 47 620 41

4.4 3.5 8.5 5.1 X 5.1 4.4 0.1 3.8 -0.2 7.3 3.6 3.6 1.0

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 850

20 512

33 396

33 850

34 055

34 547

36 676

2.4

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States New Hampshire

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Real gross state product (GSP) slowed during the 2001 recession, but recovered in subsequent years. Between 2003 and 2004, New Hampshire’s GSP growth rate of 5.4 percent was the 10th fastest in the country. The chief contributors to this increase were durable goods manufacturing, real estate and related activities, information services, retail trade, and utilities. Housing prices have appreciated slightly faster than average over recent years. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in the state was the 9th highest in the country, having increased by over 60 percent from 2000 to 2004.

Year

Table NH-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

36 607 0.4

39 493 0.4

40 636 0.4

43 584 0.4

43 691 0.4

44 475 0.4

45 874 0.4

48 353 0.5

3.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

33 173 147 21 1 135 1 757 6 220 17.0 2 060 2 922 572 811 2 627 5 253 9 701 26.5 2 118 737 1 053 585 2 741 338 1 098 1 031 3 451 9.4

35 976 171 29 1 115 1 957 7 038 17.8 2 412 3 093 641 944 3 089 5 247 10 170 25.8 2 340 784 1 085 584 2 794 337 1 173 1 073 3 519 8.9

37 052 201 29 1 097 1 973 6 452 15.9 2 580 3 321 699 1 193 3 499 5 575 10 456 25.7 2 527 720 1 088 607 2 927 355 1 189 1 043 3 585 8.8

39 815 221 30 1 234 1 921 7 200 16.5 2 770 3 465 757 1 308 4 077 5 703 11 128 25.5 2 893 850 1 051 626 3 050 357 1 244 1 057 3 769 8.6

39 882 188 33 1 153 2 174 6 295 14.4 3 076 3 837 718 1 368 4 062 6 013 10 940 25.0 2 788 612 1 039 624 3 199 380 1 272 1 026 3 809 8.7

40 610 189 33 1 350 2 231 6 143 13.8 3 115 4 209 743 1 391 3 958 6 080 11 109 25.0 2 734 541 1 083 652 3 366 402 1 314 1 017 3 865 8.7

41 903 206 32 1 429 2 218 6 609 14.4 3 032 4 566 815 1 460 3 942 6 131 11 456 25.0 2 820 553 1 149 661 3 494 417 1 341 1 021 3 972 8.7

44 277 206 33 1 603 2 281 7 049 14.6 3 140 4 790 833 1 695 4 050 6 443 12 184 25.2 2 992 735 1 244 660 3 598 442 1 422 1 091 4 082 8.4

3.5 3.1 0.0 11.6 1.6 3.8 X 0.7 7.7 5.1 7.4 -0.1 2.3 3.7 X 2.4 6.3 6.2 1.9 4.0 5.2 3.8 2.1 2.3 X

X = Not applicable.

NEW HAMPSHIRE

325

Table NH-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

906

1 999

3 918

4 249

4 708

4 816

5 301

7.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

507 494 10 3 *

1 105 1 032 13 58 3

1 877 1 850 13 11 4

2 000 1 971 13 11 6

2 117 2 085 13 13 6

2 223 2 187 13 13 11

2 340 2 302 13 13 12

5.7 5.6 1.4 5.1 27.6

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

194 122 71 1

596 344 242 10

1 602 754 841 8

1 760 839 911 11

1 972 903 1 055 14

1 934 960 962 12

2 316 1 061 1 240 14

9.7 8.9 10.2 17.5

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

84 13 27 23 22

121 26 35 23 37

239 61 49 28 101

232 64 41 29 99

260 68 47 36 109

288 70 46 41 131

303 73 43 45 142

6.1 4.5 -3.1 13.1 8.8

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

32

64

27

65

153

154

97

37.6

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

72

94

139

147

161

172

179

6.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

17

18

31

39

44

40

43

8.5

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

1

2

5

3

5

22

75.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of New Hampshire’s exports totaled close to $2.3 billion in 2004, ranking 42nd in the country. The state’s leading exports were computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures, which combined to equal more than half of New Hampshire’s exports. The value of the state’s three leading exports fell from 2001 to 2004, resulting in a decline of total exports. New Hampshire’s chief export market was Canada, followed distantly by Japan and the United Kingdom. Exports to the United Kingdom fell significantly from 2001 to 2004, due to a drop in demand for computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures. Exports to China doubled from 2001 to 2004, ranking the country as New Hampshire’s sixth leading export market.

Machinery 19.7%

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 5.4%

Computers and electronic products 32.9%

Special classification provisions 4.4% Miscellaneous manufactures 4.1% Other 33.6%

Table NH-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 401 2 269 45 87

1 863 1 700 43 120

1 931 1 762 38 131

2 286 2 065 42 179

100.0 90.4 1.8 7.8

-1.6 -3.1 -2.4 27.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) ................. Special classification provisions (990) ................................... Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

885 466 205 69 67

570 385 100 97 75

614 389 95 91 81

751 449 124 100 93

32.9 19.7 5.4 4.4 4.1

-5.3 -1.3 -15.5 13.2 11.5

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Germany ................................................................................ Netherlands ...........................................................................

2 169 594 198 366 143 82

1 706 514 127 164 128 90

1 758 506 139 160 109 128

2 073 541 201 167 144 138

90.7 23.7 8.8 7.3 6.3 6.0

-1.5 -3.1 0.4 -22.9 0.0 18.9

326

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NH-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002

AGRICULTURE

(Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

3 928 463 383

3 363 444 879

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

118

132

46.2 50.0 3.8

45.9 49.0 5.2

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

295 677 2 448 34 541

400 943 3 131 40 868

155 698 78 033 77 665 39 638

144 835 83 149 61 686 43 067

72.5 20.2 7.3

73.8 18.6 7.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

897 11.5

3 823 10.7

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

40.2

48.6

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

In 2002, cash receipts from farming totaled only $145 million, ranking 48th in the nation. This also represented a decline in sales from the 1997 agricultural census. The number of farms fell by 14 percent from 1997 to 2002. Farm production was concentrated in dairy and greenhouse/nursery products. In 2002, nearly 74 percent of farms in the state had sales of less than $10,000, and just 5 percent of farms spanned 500 acres or more. Less than half of New Hampshire’s farm operators reported farming as their primary occupation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were slightly above the national average. New Hampshire’s energy prices were the eighth highest in the country. The state’s per capita consumption fell from 2001 to 2002; it ranked as the ninth lowest in the nation in 2002. The transportation sector was New Hampshire’s largest consumer of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

200

Residential 26.9%

Transportation 31.6%

100

0

-100

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 21.2%

Commercial 20.3%

Table NH-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

112 252 184.9

131 436 194.4

187 197 253.8

202 064 243.9

208 304 226.3

234 017 234.8

264 241 238.2

272 074 237.5

328 091 265.5

322 163 255.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

36.0 7.3 26.7 30.0

37.6 7.7 26.3 28.4

34.6 8.2 30.1 27.1

34.7 8.7 28.6 28.0

30.4 12.8 29.0 27.8

30.3 12.3 30.6 26.9

29.8 16.4 26.2 27.6

30.4 20.3 19.6 29.7

26.5 20.2 22.3 31.0

26.9 20.3 21.2 31.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

5 390 2 952 83 475 0 14 775 10 855 0 -5 194

11 171 4 133 96 472 0 11 003 11 015 0 -2 359

27 149 6 796 140 451 0 13 006 12 315 0 -12 521

26 187 7 707 137 518 0 13 013 12 840 0 4 799

29 275 9 663 134 644 0 10 666 19 755 0 4 301

39 719 10 916 130 203 0 11 811 21 456 3 046 16 865

31 545 14 474 159 054 43 182 19 567 27 061 153 -30 795

35 577 20 136 151 091 88 042 14 126 25 788 4 396 -67 082

44 033 26 397 181 791 82 617 14 559 24 983 5 383 -51 673

40 132 24 849 178 318 90 822 10 078 23 921 1 437 -47 394

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

317 600 430

644 600 778

1 313 200 1 426

1 627 800 1 633

2 014 100 1 816

2 299 400 2 007

3 248 600 2 629

3 127 900 2 484

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.18 2.23 3.11 1.21 2.60

4.32 4.57 6.16 3.43 4.27

9.32 9.77 9.43 7.88 9.62

10.31 11.54 12.91 9.53 9.16

10.81 13.00 11.88 9.79 9.43

11.75 13.48 16.36 9.68 9.73

13.53 16.20 16.66 10.46 12.28

13.29 16.41 17.59 10.37 11.34

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

327

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Table NH-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

2 005 389

100.0

1 542.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

493 589

24.6

379.7

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

674 354 674 354 12 239 79 450 129 913 65 581 100 014 281 265

33.6 33.6 0.6 4.0 6.5 3.3 5.0 14.0

518.7 518.7 9.4 61.1 99.9 50.4 76.9 216.4

1 003.4 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Alcoholic beverages .................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

199 170 17 514 84 431 13 051 61 597

9.9 0.9 4.2 0.7 3.1

153.2 13.5 65.0 10.0 47.4

134.9 1.3 59.4 6.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

638 276 54 769 407 603 30 536 145 368

31.8 2.7 20.3 1.5 7.2

491.0 42.1 313.5 23.5 111.8

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States New Hampshire

2,000

Dollars

New Hampshire’s revenues and expenditures per person were below the national averages in 2003. Spending was also below average for most categories of outlays. In fiscal year 2004, New Hampshire’s per capita taxes amounted to $1,543. This was among the five lowest amounts in the nation. Individual income taxes of only $42 per person were among the lowest of the 43 states with such taxes. New Hampshire had no general sales tax. As a result, the state relied more heavily on corporate income taxes and property taxes. New Hampshire had the second highest per capita property taxes in the nation.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NH-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

4 566 307 1 464 454 1 959 211 0 632 757 192 420 55 118 396 162 682 754 544 869 597 773

100.0 32.1 42.9 0.0 13.9 4.2 1.2 8.7 15.0 11.9 13.1

3 542.5 1 136.1 1 520.0 0.0 490.9 149.3 42.8 307.3 529.7 422.7 463.8

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

4 591 789 1 283 091 3 308 698

100.0 27.9 72.1

3 562.3 995.4 2 566.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 635 389 1 185 850 48 940 175 661 374 780 41 749 95 637 70 642 11 249 202 094 310 212 439 586

35.6 25.8 1.1 3.8 8.2 0.9 2.1 1.5 0.2 4.4 6.8 9.6

1 268.7 920.0 38.0 136.3 290.8 32.4 74.2 54.8 8.7 156.8 240.7 341.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 594 078

X

4 339.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

8 837 120

X

6 855.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

328

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NH-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 828

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

90.8 35.4

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

207 671 16.3 1.3 473 13.7 8 579

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.0

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

69 147 7 563 58.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States New Hampshire

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

New Hampshire had one the highest educational attainment levels in the nation. In 2004, more than 90 percent of its population age 25 years and over held high school diplomas. More than 35 percent of this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more, giving the state the fourth largest proportion of college graduates in the nation. New Hampshire’s per student expenditures of $8,579 ranked 17th in the country. The state’s student/teacher ratio was well below average, partly reflecting the below average proportion of student-age population. Among the 46 states reporting dropout data, New Hampshire ranked 17th with a rate of 4.0 percent.

Voter turnout was very high in New Hampshire, particularly for the 2004 election, when its turnout rate of 68.9 percent ranked seventh in the nation. This may have been influenced by the state’s position of holding the first presidential primary in the country. Nearly 75 percent of eligible voters between the ages of 45 and 64 years cast ballots in the 2004 election. Nearly 53 percent of those age 18 to 24 years voted. As with most states, the proportion of women voters exceeded that of men. In 2000, 48.1 percent of eligible voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential ticket. In 2004, the Democratic presidential ticket received 50.2 percent of the state’s votes.

Table NH-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

902 442 461

857 421 437

95.0 95.3 94.8

628 301 327

69.6 68.1 70.9

571 271 300

63.3 61.3 65.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

982 479 503

948 461 487

96.5 96.1 96.8

716 341 375

72.9 71.2 74.6

677 320 358

68.9 66.7 71.1

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

943 932 6 17 11 956 945 7 18

922 914 3 8 9 935 926 4 9

97.7 98.0 B B B 97.8 98.0 B B

699 695 2 5 5 708 703 3 6

74.1 74.5 B B B 74.0 74.4 B B

663 659 1 5 5 670 665 2 6

70.3 70.6 B B B 70.1 70.4 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

103 377 334 87 82

97 361 325 83 81

94.3 95.7 97.5 B B

58 259 260 74 66

56.2 68.7 77.9 B B

54 241 249 70 62

52.8 64.1 74.7 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NEW JERSEY At a Glance: •

New Jersey’s population was nearly 8.7 million in 2004, making it the 10th most populous state in the nation. It was also the most densely populated state (though the District of Columbia had a higher population density). Non-Hispanic Whites made up nearly 64 percent of the state’s population. Hispanics (of any race) accounted for nearly 15 percent of residents. The state’s median household income was quite high, ranking fifth in the country. New Jersey’s poverty rate was correspondingly low at 8 percent, giving the state one of the five lowest rates in the nation. New Jersey’s unemployment rate was 4.8 percent in 2004 and was well below the national average. Real gross state product was the eighth largest in the country in 2004, but grew at a slower than average rate during the 2001–2004 period. In 2004, 34.6 percent of New Jersey’s population age 25 years and over held bachelor’s degrees or more, the sixth highest proportion in the nation.

• •

• • •

Table NJ-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

7 730 188 3.1

8 414 350 3.0

8 698 879 3.0

X X

0.8 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

3 735 685 3 994 503

4 082 813 4 331 537

4 235 853 4 463 026

48.7 51.3

0.9 0.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

532 637 1 266 825 1 562 207 5 930 726 779 184 2 557 310 1 032 025 95 547

563 785 1 523 773 6 326 792 676 628 2 624 146 1 912 882 1 113 136 135 999

581 467 1 574 592 6 542 820 743 937 2 511 298 2 161 444 1 126 141 162 808

6.7 18.1 75.2 8.6 28.9 24.8 12.9 1.9

0.4 1.6 0.7 -0.4 -0.1 2.4 0.7 4.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

34.3

36.7

37.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.0

0.5

0.9

1.2

1.1

New Jersey 0.8

0.8

1990–2000

2000–2004

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

Year

New Jersey’s population increased 3.4 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was below the national average rate, but higher than those of neighboring New York and Pennsylvania. Between 2000 and 2004, international immigration to the state totaled 245,000, the sixth highest influx of international immigrants in the country. This more than offset the loss of 135,000 residents to other states. New Jersey’s population was slightly older than the nation as a whole, with a median age of 37.7 years. New Jersey had the third largest proportion of Asian and Pacific Islander residents and the ninth largest proportion of Hispanic residents (of any race) in the nation.

329

330

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NJ-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

7 730 188

8 414 350

8 698 879

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

74.0 12.7 0.2 3.5 3.6 ...

66.6 13.3 0.1 5.8 ... 0.9

63.8 13.3 0.1 6.9 ... 1.0

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

9.6

13.3

14.9

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 40

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

30

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 20 Non-Hispanic Black 10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 15.3 percent of New Jersey’s population lacked health insurance coverage, a rate that was just below the national average. The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were also below the national averages. The state’s birth rate for teenage mothers was the sixth lowest in the nation. Table NJ-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

116 983 13.5 25.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.1

6.9

829.4 819.8 1 077.0 ... 372.5 567.6

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

15.3 11.7 5.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States New Jersey

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NJ-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

74 506

829.4

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

28 801 18 022 2 934 2 429 2 524 1 970 1 388 750 1 551 1 853 567 375 758 825 492 337 267 792 171 200 74 76

318.1 201.7 32.6 27.9 28.2 21.7 15.2 8.8 17.2 20.5 6.5 4.5 8.5 9.5 5.5 4.0 3.0 9.0 1.9 2.2 0.9 0.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

NEW JERSEY

331

Table NJ-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 794 711 2 021 346 1 578 702 442 644 104 189 338 455 773 365 646 171 127 194

3 064 645 2 154 539 1 638 322 516 217 129 205 387 012 910 106 751 287 158 819

3 134 481 2 200 082 1 655 479 544 603 134 496 410 107 934 399 769 393 165 006

0.6 0.5 0.3 1.3 1.0 1.5 0.7 0.6 1.0

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.70 3 075 310 2 794 711 1 813 381 981 330

2.68 3 310 275 3 064 645 2 011 473 1 053 172

2.71 3 414 739 3 134 481 2 134 253 1 000 228

X 0.8 0.6 1.5 -1.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

592 161 200

751 170 800

877 291 294

4.0 14.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

70,000

1,000

60,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

250

50,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States New Jersey

40,000 30,000 20,000 United States New Jersey

10,000 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NJ-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

55 446 57 551 57 318 55 245 55 289

8.0 8.6 7.9 8.1 7.3

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

56 373 57 666 56 359 56 900 54 065 53 305 52 136 51 458 54 167 54 283

7.8 8.6 9.3 9.2 7.8 9.2 10.9 10.3 9.7 9.2

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

57 550 55 675 54 449 52 151 51 872 48 058 ... ... ... ...

8.2 6.2 8.3 8.9 8.3 10.1 11.1 12.2 10.0 9.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

332

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NJ-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

6 666 489 569 1 011 1 370 1 273 875 1 078

4 388 178 416 847 1 135 1 064 603 146

65.8 36.3 73.0 83.8 82.9 83.5 68.9 13.5

4 178 153 384 809 1 093 1 018 579 141

4.8 13.8 7.6 4.5 3.7 4.3 4.0 3.5

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 183 258 269 505 674 627 407 442

2 356 95 203 475 631 569 305 77

74.0 36.8 75.5 94.1 93.6 90.7 74.9 17.5

2 245 82 186 457 608 547 290 75

4.7 13.2 8.7 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.9 3.7

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 483 231 300 506 696 646 469 636

2 032 83 212 372 504 494 298 68

58.4 35.7 70.8 73.5 72.5 76.5 63.7 10.8

1 933 71 198 352 485 471 289 66

4.9 14.4 6.6 5.3 3.8 4.7 3.0 3.3

1 802 1 758 369

1 432 1 072 254

79.4 61.0 68.9

1 386 1 034 235

3.2 3.5 7.5

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

5 303 2 558 2 745

3 489 1 895 1 594

65.8 74.1 58.1

3 343 1 815 1 528

4.2 4.2 4.1

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

894 398 496

583 274 308

65.2 69.0 62.2

530 249 281

9.1 9.2 9.0

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

400 194 205

266 162 103

66.5 83.6 50.3

257 158 99

3.3 2.6 4.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

860 426 434

621 347 273

72.2 81.6 62.9

592 334 258

4.6 3.7 5.7

757 1 071 1 031 712

642 889 871 491

84.8 83.0 84.5 69.0

619 859 839 473

3.6 3.4 3.7 3.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table NJ-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

4 388 042 4 370 977 4 371 573 4 295 771 4 286 660

4 176 230 4 115 123 4 117 644 4 111 546 4 129 103

211 812 255 854 253 929 184 225 157 557

4.8 5.9 5.8 4.3 3.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

4 284 555 4 242 366 4 257 440 4 184 052 4 111 828 4 067 486 4 034 585 4 051 920 4 050 380 4 072 494

4 092 714 4 047 062 4 031 022 3 925 794 3 846 322 3 789 960 3 727 262 3 709 471 3 776 632 3 864 958

191 841 195 304 226 418 258 258 265 506 277 526 307 323 342 449 273 748 207 536

4.5 4.6 5.3 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.6 8.5 6.8 5.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

New Jersey

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEW JERSEY

333

Table NJ-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

4 789 296 18 529 4 770 767 4 158 047 6 607 3 090 16 461 226 454 410 358 187 252 223 106 259 217 535 187 200 132 136 055 275 661 165 991 402 822 66 335 296 558 95 084 478 685 82 276 275 416 225 658 612 720

4 805 562 19 100 4 786 462 4 162 677 6 943 2 515 16 035 228 275 378 665 168 324 210 341 249 684 538 549 193 392 122 162 279 552 173 486 392 657 69 283 306 899 102 322 496 581 87 373 281 074 237 230 623 785

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

43 497 18 617 43 552 43 549 19 994 52 606 72 183 49 739 51 075 48 013 53 631 60 196 26 784 37 995 64 826 75 091 39 851 67 160 85 642 28 538 30 712 36 642 26 989 19 124 25 296 43 574

44 315 23 738 44 363 44 208 21 177 53 292 74 051 50 358 52 990 49 626 55 665 60 600 27 614 39 016 66 988 77 033 41 681 67 812 88 690 29 222 30 973 37 912 27 666 19 578 25 849 45 218

4 837 532 17 560 4 819 972 4 185 402 6 309 2 872 15 494 231 253 360 982 160 508 200 474 248 129 545 282 191 664 114 341 280 415 187 515 389 741 67 941 303 726 105 649 509 814 89 542 291 539 243 194 634 570

4 894 023 17 496 4 876 527 4 230 876 6 264 2 977 15 234 239 080 350 385 156 735 193 650 249 039 548 746 191 826 110 076 280 709 197 295 394 545 67 046 314 906 107 206 519 159 92 643 296 483 247 257 645 651

0.7 -1.9 0.7 0.6 -1.8 -1.2 -2.5 1.8 -5.1 -5.8 -4.6 -1.3 0.8 -1.4 -6.8 0.6 5.9 -0.7 0.4 2.0 4.1 2.7 4.0 2.5 3.1 1.8

47 217 26 005 47 259 46 982 21 763 56 308 79 866 51 215 58 945 53 862 63 030 64 717 28 365 42 098 72 263 82 656 47 543 72 182 101 887 32 189 31 182 40 944 27 799 20 242 27 889 48 742

2.8 11.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.3 3.4 1.0 4.9 3.9 5.5 2.4 1.9 3.5 3.7 3.3 6.1 2.4 6.0 4.1 0.5 3.8 1.0 1.9 3.3 3.8

Dollars 45 583 23 630 45 627 45 420 20 937 52 058 77 136 50 335 56 040 51 815 59 401 64 248 28 143 40 090 68 840 78 398 43 096 69 116 94 349 30 876 32 885 39 125 28 612 19 698 26 763 46 746

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET New Jersey’s unemployment rate rose sharply after the 2001 recession, reflecting the national pattern. However, in 2004, the unemployment rate was below the national average. Employment growth was relatively slow over the 2001–2004 period, as manufacturing employment declined and several service industries also experienced losses in jobs. Retail trade was one of the state’s largest employers, and its job growth was sluggish during the early 2000s. Employment was stronger in health care and educational services. Average wages and salaries were above the national average across all major industries, although their rate of growth between 2001 and 2004 was only average.

Employment by Industry, 2004 13.2% Government and government enterprises 11.2%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance

43.3%

Professional and technical services 10.6%

8.1% 6.4%

7.2%

Manufacturing Administrative and waste services Other

334

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NJ-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

62 549 47 913 9 543 5 093 37 5 056 6 325 7 159 63 384 13 209 9 763 86 355 86 246 109

139 821 105 863 21 398 12 560 115 12 446 16 641 10 556 133 736 37 702 19 315 190 753 190 527 226

233 441 175 899 32 316 25 226 108 25 118 26 854 25 657 232 244 56 234 35 076 323 554 323 262 292

238 440 178 335 33 542 26 562 65 26 497 27 970 27 219 237 689 56 587 38 676 332 951 332 700 252

245 449 181 215 37 226 27 009 -15 27 023 28 635 24 819 241 633 54 151 42 089 337 873 337 645 228

252 476 186 204 38 965 27 306 13 27 293 29 198 24 734 248 011 52 305 43 105 343 421 343 200 221

265 521 194 057 41 773 29 690 6 29 684 30 241 27 371 262 650 54 806 44 734 362 190 361 958 232

3.3 2.5 6.6 4.2 -50.7 4.3 3.0 1.6 3.1 -0.6 6.3 2.9 2.9 -5.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 707

24 572

38 365

39 142

39 392

39 737

41 636

2.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 45,000 United States New Jersey

Dollars

30,000

15,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) did not decline during the 2001 recession, but growth since then has been slower than the growth in most other states. Over the 2003– 2004 period, New Jersey’s GSP grew 3.4 percent, ranking 38th in the country. Contributing to this slow growth were the modest gains in manufacturing, construction, and retail trade. Real estate, finance and insurance, and government were the strongest sectors. Housing prices have appreciated substantially over recent years, particularly 1-1 in areas around New York City. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in New Jersey was the fifth highest in the nation.

Table NJ-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

316 128 3.7

325 271 3.6

332 926 3.5

343 959 3.5

354 390 3.6

363 045 3.6

371 806 3.6

384 466 3.6

2.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

281 981 449 163 6 290 12 891 37 105 11.7 25 719 19 286 10 227 15 320 21 009 48 233 85 892 27.2 25 405 9 177 10 661 2 532 20 570 2 546 8 348 6 653 34 249 10.8

291 959 480 197 6 178 13 000 36 362 11.2 28 674 20 182 10 523 15 610 22 810 49 414 88 922 27.3 27 693 8 878 10 871 2 639 20 845 2 643 8 498 6 855 33 341 10.3

299 648 515 212 6 328 12 936 38 639 11.6 29 177 21 065 11 009 16 121 24 392 49 365 90 012 27.0 29 296 8 627 11 094 2 756 20 590 2 527 8 475 6 647 33 285 10.0

310 296 639 204 6 726 13 265 40 614 11.8 29 873 22 368 11 242 16 646 26 949 51 004 90 767 26.4 29 918 8 616 10 265 2 868 21 102 2 545 8 699 6 754 33 662 9.8

320 207 545 204 6 488 14 269 39 878 11.3 32 265 24 277 10 545 17 741 29 038 54 084 90 956 25.7 30 118 7 544 10 294 2 861 22 043 2 890 8 475 6 731 34 187 9.6

328 450 611 157 6 592 14 314 41 028 11.3 32 153 26 065 10 664 17 646 30 837 54 828 93 701 25.8 30 145 8 268 11 071 2 836 23 013 2 988 8 667 6 713 34 610 9.5

336 435 547 168 7 070 13 976 43 274 11.6 32 041 27 472 11 486 18 003 32 519 54 945 95 268 25.6 30 273 8 202 11 512 2 812 23 658 3 094 8 875 6 842 35 389 9.5

347 931 456 164 7 309 14 222 44 220 11.5 31 506 28 248 11 766 19 389 34 447 58 641 97 963 25.5 31 206 8 204 12 040 2 501 24 380 3 070 9 186 7 376 36 535 9.5

2.8 -5.8 -7.0 4.1 -0.1 3.5 X -0.8 5.2 3.7 3.0 5.9 2.7 2.5 X 1.2 2.8 5.4 -4.4 3.4 2.0 2.7 3.1 2.2 X

X = Not applicable.

NEW JERSEY

335

Table NJ-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

9 180

18 215

33 092

36 484

40 129

41 282

42 896

6.7

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

4 686 4 372 116 52 147

9 068 8 465 149 137 317

14 328 13 525 151 231 421

15 142 14 227 151 252 511

15 850 14 840 154 224 631

16 301 15 236 154 235 676

17 103 15 904 157 244 798

4.5 4.1 1.1 1.4 17.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 001 1 224 770 7

6 148 3 497 2 623 28

14 805 7 991 6 787 27

16 742 8 818 7 888 36

18 112 9 397 8 668 47

18 575 9 876 8 655 44

18 736 10 791 7 891 54

6.1 7.8 3.8 18.5

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 131 156 562 235 177

1 405 347 504 308 247

2 063 674 250 299 840

2 194 702 333 295 864

2 380 723 370 314 973

2 549 733 386 348 1 083

2 725 766 406 395 1 159

7.2 3.2 12.9 7.2 8.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

880

1 028

1 127

1 577

2 867

2 681

1 978

15.1

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

365

415

487

506

553

588

613

5.9

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

114

138

262

284

318

302

322

5.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

13

20

38

50

286

1 418

189.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Computers and electronic products 14.8%

The value of New Jersey’s exports was $19.2 billion in 2004, the 12th highest in the nation. Chemical manufactures were the state’s leading export, accounting for 27.2 percent of total exports, followed by computers and electronic products. With the exception of chemical manufactures, the state’s other leading exports all declined from 2001 to 2004. Canada was the largest export market for New Jersey’s goods. Exports to Japan fell by over 34 percent from 2001 to 2002, primarily as a result of a drop in computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures exports. However, by 2004, exports to Japan had risen to over $1.1 billion, which was still below the 2001 value of exports to that country.

Transportation equipment 7.2% Machinery 6.7%

Chemicals 27.2%

Primary metal manufactures 6.7%

Other 37.3%

Table NJ-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

18 946 17 562 312 1 072

17 002 15 610 268 1 124

16 818 15 312 307 1 199

19 192 17 292 346 1 554

100.0 90.1 1.8 8.1

0.4 -0.5 3.5 13.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Primary metal manufactures (331) ........................................

4 924 3 586 1 564 1 317 1 491

4 508 2 589 1 557 1 033 1 113

4 591 2 555 1 397 1 123 1 009

5 229 2 843 1 388 1 290 1 287

27.2 14.8 7.2 6.7 6.7

2.0 -7.5 -3.9 -0.7 -4.8

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

16 885 3 914 1 639 1 470 1 107 1 037

15 168 3 705 1 336 930 862 911

14 998 3 757 1 407 936 831 1 022

17 044 4 164 1 772 1 149 1 140 1 058

88.8 21.7 9.2 6.0 5.9 5.5

0.3 2.1 2.6 -7.9 1.0 0.7

336

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NJ-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

10 045 856 909

9 924 805 682

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

85

81

68.5 28.0 3.5

70.5 26.1 3.5

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

572 273 6 710 46 233

741 808 9 245 53 954

707 161 600 547 106 613 70 399

749 872 657 494 92 378 75 561

63.3 24.9 11.7

71.0 18.3 10.7

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

3 001 7.1

4 441 5.9

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

41.9

52.3

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming amounted to $750 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was an increase of 7.6 percent from the previous farm census in 1997. The leading agricultural products were greenhouse/nursery goods and horses. More than 70 percent of New Jersey’s farms had less than $10,000 in sales. About 70 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the second highest proportion of farms this size in the nation. Over 52 percent of farm operators reported farming as their primary occupation. ENERGY In 2001, energy expenditures per person were $2,373, an amount lower than the national average. The state’s energy prices were above average. New Jersey’s per capita consumption was below the national average. The chief sources of energy were petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear power. The transportation sector was the state’s largest consumer of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

1,500

Transportation 35.3%

Trillion of Btu

Residential 22.9% 1,000

500

0

-500 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 19.6%

Commercial 22.2 %

Table NJ-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

1 302 630 214.7

1 597 260 236.0

2 028 018 282.8

1 939 119 264.3

2 134 403 289.8

2 214 577 292.7

2 336 426 302.2

2 563 653 321.8

2 523 014 299.8

2 500 366 294.0

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

23.8 12.8 37.4 25.9

24.6 13.4 37.0 25.0

24.5 16.1 35.0 24.3

25.7 16.7 30.9 26.8

24.1 18.1 31.3 26.5

22.6 17.4 24.0 36.0

21.6 20.9 23.3 34.2

21.3 20.1 25.2 33.5

23.0 22.6 18.5 35.9

22.9 22.2 19.6 35.3

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

168 775 144 132 956 293 0 480 20 034 0 12 916

236 647 219 196 1 099 673 0 -326 24 019 0 18 051

123 291 331 247 1 489 793 37 917 -4 228 30 134 0 19 864

60 498 251 669 1 323 581 34 645 -2 834 33 783 0 237 776

68 692 351 039 1 325 505 83 192 -2 934 58 433 0 250 477

103 310 389 090 1 258 062 188 752 -2 550 48 820 0 229 092

80 800 458 050 1 234 459 251 538 -1 229 21 157 435 291 216

79 902 720 661 1 247 885 176 576 -862 43 764 575 295 151

114 733 626 483 1 251 133 298 041 -1 291 38 554 665 194 697

112 217 585 825 1 246 307 318 343 -1 259 36 777 683 201 474

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

3 094 000 432

6 243 700 851

13 177 900 1 789

16 118 500 2 130

16 088 000 2 081

17 436 800 2 189

20 758 000 2 467

20 178 400 2 373

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.95 2.27 2.01 1.20 2.39

4.28 4.47 5.18 3.51 4.32

8.35 8.75 9.20 7.15 8.60

9.53 11.71 13.65 9.31 7.54

9.21 11.83 12.50 7.80 7.56

9.04 12.86 14.50 6.36 6.97

11.03 12.80 13.71 9.26 9.91

11.00 13.24 15.26 9.29 9.20

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

337

NEW JERSEY

Table NJ-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

20 981 428

100.0

2 411.9

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

3 660

0.0

0.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

9 740 284 6 261 700 3 478 584 468 072 417 873 546 952 942 744 777 512 238 074

46.4 29.8 16.6 2.2 2.0 2.6 4.5 3.7 1.1

1 119.7 719.8 399.9 53.8 48.0 62.9 108.4 89.4 27.4

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

1 177 242 249 969 398 691 407 712

5.6 1.2 1.9 1.9

135.3 28.7 45.8 46.9

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

10 060 242 7 400 733 1 896 998 516 008 246 503

47.9 35.3 9.0 2.5 1.2

1 156.5 850.8 218.1 59.3 28.3

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000

United States New Jersey

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, state revenues per person were much higher than the national average, ranking 12th in the country. Expenditures per capita were only slightly above the national average. The state had one of the largest differences between per capita expenditures and per capita revenues. New Jersey’s per capita debt amounted to $3,889, which was among the 10 highest amounts in the country. Spending per resident on hospitals and correctional facilities was above average, while outlays on education, public welfare, and health were below average. In fiscal year 2004, taxes per person were well above average, ranking eighth in the nation.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NJ-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

38 819 455 9 064 614 19 936 266 5 936 057 3 085 383 1 169 923 6 735 282 2 397 043 612 578 3 940 368 5 878 207

100.0 23.4 51.4 15.3 7.9 3.0 17.4 6.2 1.6 10.2 15.1

4 492.0 1 048.9 2 306.9 686.9 357.0 135.4 779.4 277.4 70.9 456.0 680.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

34 859 788 8 997 417 25 862 371

100.0 25.8 74.2

4 033.8 1 041.1 2 992.6

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

11 215 395 7 005 033 1 402 133 882 500 2 559 450 390 817 1 294 773 371 247 362 743 1 317 210 1 151 253 6 907 234

32.2 20.1 4.0 2.5 7.3 1.1 3.7 1.1 1.0 3.8 3.3 19.8

1 297.8 810.6 162.2 102.1 296.2 45.2 149.8 43.0 42.0 152.4 133.2 799.3

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

33 608 678

X

3 889.0

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

84 400 619

X

9 766.3

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

338

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NJ-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 5 655

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.6 34.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 367 438 25.6 4.2 2 414 12.7 12 568

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.5

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

380 051 29 604 57.9

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States New Jersey

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Over 87 percent of New Jersey residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas. Close to 35 percent of the population in this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more, which was the sixth highest proportion in the nation. The state’s per student expenditures of $12,568 were the highest in the nation, and more than $4,500 above the national average. New Jersey’s student/teacher ratio was the third lowest in the country. Among the 46 states reporting dropout data, New Jersey had the fifth lowest rate at 2.5 percent. Less than 26 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was well below the national average.

Voter turnout was slightly below average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2000, 55.2 percent of eligible residents voted; this proportion increased to 57.6 percent in 2004. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest voter participation rates in 2004. Nearly 70 percent of eligible residents age 65 to 74 years old voted. This proportion fell to 43.1 percent for persons age 18 to 24 years old. In 2000, 56.1 percent of voters voted for the Democratic presidential candidate, a proportion that fell to 52.9 percent in 2004, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table NJ-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

6 109 2 919 3 190

5 458 2 598 2 860

89.3 89.0 89.7

3 859 1 820 2 039

63.2 62.4 63.9

3 374 1 602 1 772

55.2 54.9 55.5

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

6 413 3 052 3 361

5 591 2 621 2 971

87.2 85.9 88.4

4 085 1 852 2 233

63.7 60.7 66.4

3 693 1 676 2 017

57.6 54.9 60.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

5 174 4 354 845 335 906 5 227 4 374 858 337

4 621 4 189 732 194 475 4 658 4 210 745 197

89.3 96.2 86.7 58.1 52.4 89.1 96.2 86.9 58.3

3 410 3 108 523 115 331 3 443 3 125 535 115

65.9 71.4 61.9 34.3 36.6 65.9 71.4 62.3 34.1

3 086 2 839 462 107 277 3 120 2 856 473 107

59.7 65.2 54.7 32.1 30.6 59.7 65.3 55.2 31.8

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

753 2 405 2 228 569 458

643 1 939 2 023 547 439

85.4 80.6 90.8 96.0 96.0

388 1 374 1 546 439 338

51.6 57.1 69.4 77.1 73.9

324 1 239 1 440 398 293

43.1 51.5 64.6 69.8 63.9

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

NEW MEXICO At a Glance: •

In 2004, New Mexico’s population was 1.9 million, ranking it as the 36th most populous state in the nation. New Mexico is one of just a few states in which non-Hispanic Whites made up less than 50 percent of the population. Hispanics (of any race) made up 43.3 percent of the population, which was the highest proportion of this ethnic group in the country. The state also had the second highest proportion of American Indians (9.2 percent) in the nation. New Mexico was among 11 states with median household incomes of less than $40,000. The state’s poverty rate of 16.5 percent was the sixth highest in the nation. While New Mexico’s real gross state product ranked 38th in the nation in 2004, its growth rate from 2001 to 2004 was among the highest in the country. The state ranked 41st in the nation for its proportion of high school graduates and 31st for college graduates. The state had a very high proportion of population lacking health insurance. In 2004, it ranked 50th in the nation for rate of health insurance coverage, with only Texas having a lower proportion of insured population.

•

• • • •

Table NM-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 515 069 0.6

1 819 046 0.6

1 903 289 0.6

X X

1.1 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

745 253 769 816

894 317 924 729

936 067 967 222

49.2 50.8

1.1 1.1

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

125 878 320 863 268 976 1 068 328 151 824 484 466 163 062 14 232

130 628 377 946 1 310 472 177 576 516 100 404 571 212 225 23 306

133 366 358 921 1 411 002 206 085 501 746 473 697 229 474 26 817

7.0 18.9 74.1 10.8 26.4 24.9 12.1 1.4

0.2 0.8 2.0 2.2 0.3 4.2 2.5 4.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.1

34.6

35.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.2 1.0

United States New Mexico

1.5

1.1

1.1

0.9

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

POPULATION New Mexico’s population increased 4.6 percent between 2000 and 2004. This rate was above the national average, but below those of neighboring states—particularly Arizona, whose rate of growth was nearly twice that of New Mexico. The state attracted cross-border immigrants as well as residents from other states. New Mexico received about 23,000 immigrants from outside the United States; this accounted for more than one-fourth of the state’s total population growth. New Mexico also had an above average birth rate, which further supported its population growth. The state had the eighth highest proportion of population under 18 years old in the country. Its largest metropolitan area was Albuquerque.

339

340

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NM-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 515 069

1 819 046

1 903 289

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

50.4 1.8 8.9 0.9 12.6 ...

45.2 1.7 8.9 1.1 ... 1.0

43.5 1.8 9.2 1.2 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

38.2

42.1

43.3

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

60

American Indian, Alaska Native

40

Asian and Pacific Islander Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Non-Hispanic Black 20 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH New Mexico had the second highest birth rate for teenage mothers in the country. The state’s overall birth rate was also above average. A high proportion of the state’s residents lacked health insurance, which partly reflected high immigration rates and high rates of employment in industries that did not provide health insurance.

Table NM-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

27 821 14.8 62.7

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.4

6.9

815.0 799.8 881.7 894.7 537.3 795.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

21.0 15.3 8.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States New Mexico

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NM-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

13 966

815.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

4 423 2 958 800 1 040 535 353 299 413 181 120 346 290 320 286 326 150 181 35 53 22 21 18

263.0 170.4 47.2 58.5 31.1 21.3 18.4 22.7 10.8 7.0 19.2 16.0 17.7 16.0 18.0 8.2 10.8 2.0 2.9 1.3 1.2 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

341

NEW MEXICO

Table NM-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

542 709 391 487 303 789 87 698 23 143 64 555 151 222 124 883 26 339

677 971 466 515 341 818 124 697 35 075 89 622 211 456 172 181 39 275

711 827 459 803 327 601 132 202 38 254 93 948 252 024 204 638 47 386

1.2 -0.4 -1.1 1.5 2.2 1.2 4.5 4.4 4.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.74 632 058 542 709 365 965 176 744

2.63 780 579 677 971 474 445 203 526

2.62 825 540 711 827 493 009 218 818

X 1.4 1.2 1.0 1.8

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

372 69 800

503 108 100

546 110 788

2.1 0.6

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

40,000

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

50,000

1,000

Dollars

United States New Mexico

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

30,000 20,000

United States New Mexico

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NM-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 467 36 048 37 244 35 347 38 493

16.5 18.1 17.9 18.0 17.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

36 923 36 506 35 310 30 070 31 992 33 921 34 446 34 120 35 896 35 090

20.9 20.4 21.2 25.5 25.3 21.1 17.4 21.6 22.4 20.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 250 29 606 33 009 32 632 34 196 35 694 ... ... ... ...

19.5 23.0 19.4 21.3 18.5 19.5 24.5 22.4 18.6 20.6

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

342

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NM-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 436 110 139 254 238 268 201 226

911 44 93 200 193 211 130 39

63.5 40.0 66.9 78.7 81.4 78.8 64.9 17.3

860 36 85 187 184 202 127 39

5.6 18.9 8.8 6.4 4.8 4.4 2.2 0.5

Men ....................................................... 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

692 66 128 115 132 93

484 47 114 102 109 66

69.9 72.1 89.3 89.0 82.5 71.5

457 45 107 98 103 65

5.4 5.2 6.5 4.5 5.7 2.2

Women ................................................. 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

744 74 126 123 136 108 124

427 46 86 91 102 64 18

57.5 62.2 68.0 74.3 75.2 59.1 14.8

403 40 81 86 99 62 18

5.8 12.6 6.3 5.2 3.0 2.2 1.0

365 362 102

267 210 65

73.2 57.8 63.9

261 202 61

2.6 3.6 6.7

1 226 594 631

783 420 363

63.9 70.6 57.6

744 400 344

5.0 4.7 5.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women .................................................. Black .....................................................

31

19

62.6

17

13.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

577 283 294

369 201 168

63.9 70.8 57.3

341 185 156

7.5 7.6 7.5

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

91 114 206 199 235 179 202

40 77 164 163 187 118 36

43.6 67.3 79.6 81.8 79.5 65.7 17.6

33 71 154 155 181 115 35

17.6 7.8 5.8 4.7 3.2 2.4 0.5

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

69 122 102 92 72

47 97 79 72 44

67.2 79.4 77.7 77.5 61.5

42 89 74 67 43

10.6 7.7 6.0 6.2 4.0

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table NM-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

911 940 893 396 875 389 861 626 850 846

859 962 840 858 827 533 819 413 808 544

51 978 52 538 47 856 42 213 42 302

5.7 5.9 5.5 4.9 5.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

839 988 835 879 822 627 812 862 798 621 776 827 755 053 735 447 719 243 711 891

793 052 783 661 768 596 751 826 744 557 725 387 700 258 680 463 667 698 663 698

46 936 52 218 54 031 61 036 54 064 51 440 54 795 54 984 51 545 48 193

5.6 6.2 6.6 7.5 6.8 6.6 7.3 7.5 7.2 6.8

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

New Mexico

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEW MEXICO

343

Table NM-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

977 815 24 091 953 724 748 250 7 019 19 469 4 272 63 144 46 001 32 671 13 330 27 970 111 250 23 854 19 331 30 996 29 117 60 386 6 083 52 659 11 826 89 614 18 570 76 403 50 286 205 474

987 924 24 038 963 886 755 004 7 282 17 549 4 097 61 091 43 550 30 495 13 055 27 179 111 915 23 927 18 590 31 083 29 486 61 028 5 923 53 800 12 539 96 306 19 498 77 912 52 249 208 882

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 718 26 593 28 736 27 621 13 584 46 615 54 346 30 138 38 079 42 513 27 123 36 316 20 744 33 577 32 828 35 701 24 300 48 977 41 264 22 485 21 725 28 010 16 934 11 888 18 424 31 935

29 676 31 862 29 659 28 109 14 543 47 456 53 518 30 019 37 680 41 939 27 624 37 467 21 166 34 217 31 782 37 537 29 987 50 737 43 093 23 111 21 752 28 968 17 123 12 279 18 992 34 071

1 015 263 23 925 991 338 778 412 7 013 19 065 4 107 64 383 41 626 28 693 12 933 26 721 114 122 24 138 18 068 31 767 33 171 64 674 5 401 53 484 13 470 103 175 20 619 79 611 53 797 212 926

1 038 426 24 169 1 014 257 797 876 6 954 20 231 4 039 67 879 41 248 28 418 12 830 26 742 116 508 24 780 17 128 32 091 35 029 66 124 5 268 55 280 14 118 107 519 21 301 80 702 54 935 216 381

2.0 0.1 2.1 2.2 -0.3 1.3 -1.9 2.4 -3.6 -4.5 -1.3 -1.5 1.6 1.3 -4.0 1.2 6.4 3.1 -4.7 1.6 6.1 6.3 4.7 1.8 3.0 1.7

31 638 24 312 31 701 29 988 15 883 51 284 57 000 31 326 40 503 45 180 30 132 39 913 22 599 36 972 34 872 40 193 27 264 54 605 46 929 26 042 23 325 30 492 17 858 13 019 20 380 36 562

3.3 -2.9 3.3 2.8 5.3 3.2 1.6 1.3 2.1 2.0 3.6 3.2 2.9 3.3 2.0 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.4 5.0 2.4 2.9 1.8 3.1 3.4 4.6

Dollars 30 471 25 927 30 509 28 864 15 015 48 614 54 130 30 528 39 409 44 349 28 466 38 223 21 689 34 795 33 155 39 250 25 872 52 804 42 073 24 737 22 432 29 531 17 723 12 517 19 630 35 162

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET From 2001 to 2004, New Mexico’s employment grew by 6.2 percent, which was the fifth highest rate of increase in the nation. Declines in manufacturing jobs were more than offset by employment increases in the state’s largest industries—government and government enterprises, retail trade, health services, and tourist-related industries. The unemployment rate rose following the 2001 recession; in 2004, it was 5.7 percent, just above the national average and above the rate of neighboring Arizona, but below the rate of Texas. Average wages and salaries grew by over 10 percent during the 2001–2004 period, but remained below the U.S. average, ranking 37th in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

20.8%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

36.9% Health care and social assistance 11.2%

Accommodation and food services Construction

10.4%

6.4% 6.5%

7.8%

Professional and technical services Other

344

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NM-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

8 740 6 602 1 302 836 107 729 740 -3 7 996 1 623 1 310 10 929 10 752 176

16 822 12 297 2 831 1 694 308 1 386 1 737 51 15 136 4 525 3 046 22 708 22 298 409

29 196 21 769 4 668 2 759 305 2 454 3 115 250 26 332 7 545 6 441 40 318 39 826 492

31 946 23 021 4 997 3 928 515 3 413 3 337 251 28 860 8 080 7 198 44 138 43 439 699

33 147 24 041 5 567 3 540 292 3 248 3 520 259 29 885 7 190 7 906 44 982 44 478 504

34 669 25 038 6 026 3 604 368 3 236 3 693 265 31 241 7 123 8 418 46 782 46 227 555

37 190 26 497 6 612 4 080 522 3 558 3 874 281 33 597 7 128 9 053 49 778 49 073 704

6.2 5.0 9.1 10.3 14.4 9.7 5.6 2.9 6.3 -1.4 8.9 5.4 5.4 9.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 346

14 924

22 135

24 088

24 247

24 903

26 154

4.3

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States New Mexico

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

New Mexico’s real gross state product (GSP) recovered steadily after the 2001 recession. Over the 2001–2004 period, the GSP rose by 12 percent, the 11th fastest rate of growth in the country. The principal contributors to this growth were government, retail trade, real estate and related activities, and health care services. Manufacturing has also rebounded in recent years, contributing to the rise in the GSP. The median value of owner-occupied housing in New Mexico in 2004 ranked 36th in the nation. From 2000 to 2004, this amount increased by just 2.5 percent, which was the lowest rate of growth in the nation.

Table NM-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

45 762 0.5

45 987 0.5

50 006 0.5

50 419 0.5

50 465 0.5

52 506 0.5

54 183 0.5

56 512 0.5

3.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

36 886 689 3 503 1 161 2 204 5 447 11.9 1 821 3 412 1 198 1 107 1 466 4 982 10 317 22.5 2 925 404 1 179 220 2 594 378 1 472 1 145 8 904 19.5

36 958 743 3 485 1 066 2 182 4 987 10.8 1 974 3 496 1 281 1 209 1 632 5 065 10 546 22.9 3 012 385 1 177 229 2 707 413 1 487 1 136 9 073 19.7

40 941 874 3 575 1 095 2 073 7 233 14.5 2 022 3 630 1 314 1 416 1 789 5 277 10 644 21.3 3 067 346 1 344 228 2 702 372 1 512 1 073 9 064 18.1

41 188 887 3 482 1 184 2 116 7 108 14.1 1 952 3 649 1 369 1 549 1 694 5 362 10 836 21.5 3 181 338 1 325 221 2 806 361 1 536 1 068 9 231 18.3

40 861 944 3 454 1 050 2 198 5 646 11.2 2 090 3 860 1 310 1 627 1 807 5 725 11 039 21.9 3 228 322 1 397 226 2 943 340 1 513 1 070 9 598 19.0

42 582 913 3 437 1 076 2 070 5 980 11.4 2 132 4 150 1 353 1 614 1 897 6 214 11 646 22.2 3 370 324 1 483 228 3 197 390 1 586 1 068 9 921 18.9

44 101 935 3 305 1 163 2 125 7 090 13.1 2 041 4 302 1 456 1 691 2 041 6 029 12 087 22.3 3 585 291 1 550 218 3 373 391 1 599 1 080 10 091 18.6

45 982 799 3 398 1 235 2 211 7 606 13.5 2 085 4 609 1 554 1 757 2 110 6 330 12 563 22.2 3 666 298 1 622 218 3 537 396 1 662 1 164 10 532 18.6

4.0 -5.4 -0.5 5.6 0.2 10.4 X -0.1 6.1 5.9 2.6 5.3 3.4 4.4 X 4.3 -2.5 5.1 -1.2 6.3 5.2 3.2 2.8 3.1 X

X = Not applicable.

NEW MEXICO

345

Table NM-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

1 218

2 840

6 014

6 697

7 448

7 974

8 601

9.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

579 529 35 11 4

1 333 1 244 55 28 6

2 402 2 303 68 26 5

2 553 2 452 69 26 6

2 697 2 590 71 29 6

2 816 2 709 72 28 6

2 973 2 864 73 29 6

5.5 5.6 2.0 2.7 6.2

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

218 140 74 4

798 459 311 28

2 345 1 043 1 268 34

2 778 1 163 1 562 54

3 193 1 257 1 863 73

3 468 1 340 2 069 60

3 839 1 487 2 284 68

13.1 9.3 15.9 18.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

193 42 42 84 26

393 90 65 123 115

758 193 122 139 304

769 205 117 138 308

841 217 101 159 365

930 223 98 190 419

1 023 233 103 229 458

7.8 4.8 -4.1 13.4 10.8

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

48

60

84

106

175

180

146

14.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

122

155

268

294

332

364

409

11.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

26

59

93

114

128

120

127

8.0

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

31

43

64

83

82

97

83

7.0

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

New Mexico’s exports totaled over $2 billion in 2004. This was down from the 2003 value of exports, but up considerably from 2001 and 2002 levels. These changes were the result of a fluctuating market for computers and electronic products exports. Products in this category were the state’s leading export in 2004, accounting for nearly 64 percent of total exports. From 2003 to 2004, exports of machinery manufactures doubled, making them the state’s second leading export. The state’s chief export market was Mexico, with fabricated metal products and machinery manufactures as the leading exports to this country. Exports to China increased rapidly from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 63.7%

Miscellaneous manufactures 5.1% Other 15.2%

Machinery 7.0% Transportation equipment Fabricated metal products 4.1% 4.8%

Table NM-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 405 1 353 27 25

1 196 1 077 38 82

2 326 2 241 45 39

2 046 1 945 49 53

100.0 95.1 2.4 2.6

13.4 12.9 22.1 28.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

1 107 53 21 18 31

788 79 17 13 58

1 813 73 15 65 87

1 304 143 105 99 84

63.7 7.0 5.1 4.8 4.1

5.6 39.2 71.3 75.8 39.4

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Costa Rica ............................................................................. Malaysia ................................................................................. China ..................................................................................... Philippines .............................................................................

1 281 112 87 168 35 259

1 092 117 123 92 48 180

2 245 242 104 225 207 441

1 996 358 232 225 221 203

97.6 17.5 11.3 11.0 10.8 9.9

15.9 47.4 38.7 10.2 85.4 -7.7

346

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NM-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 17 876 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 46 177 267 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

15 170 44 810 083

2 583

2 954

41.2 28.5 30.3

44.7 26.5 28.8

542 530 208 40 733

698 908 234 58 262

1 664 133 496 240 1 167 893 93 093

1 700 030 397 257 1 302 773 112 065

67.2 22.6 10.2

68.3 21.2 10.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

32 341 21.1

50 201 21.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

46.8

55.9

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $1.7 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. Crop sales declined from 1997 to 2002, but sales of livestock, poultry, and their products increased by about $135 million. New Mexico’s chief products were dairy items and cattle. More than half of all farms spanned 50 acres or more, although about 68 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000. ENERGY The price of energy was relatively high in New Mexico, ranking 15th in the country. Total expenditures per person amounted to $2,358 in 2001, an amount well below the national average due to an absence of heavy industrial consumers. However, the industrial sector and transportation sector each consumed about one-third of the state’s energy. Per capita consumption ranked 20th in the nation. The chief sources of energy were coal, natural gas, and petroleum.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

400

Residential 15.8% Transportation 33.9%

200

0

-200

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Industrial 32.3%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 18.0%

Table NM-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

329 022 346.0

353 847 349.7

458 794 451.1

459 712 396.3

481 125 369.3

464 491 322.9

597 982 394.7

585 437 348.0

676 785 372.1

679 202 371.3

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

13.2 7.0 51.9 27.8

13.9 9.3 44.2 32.5

13.6 14.0 42.2 30.2

13.4 12.8 39.4 34.4

14.1 14.9 34.4 36.6

15.6 16.2 33.1 35.1

13.4 16.0 32.3 38.3

14.1 17.2 35.3 33.4

15.0 18.2 33.3 33.5

15.8 18.0 32.3 33.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

4 064 207 301 107 205 0 745 6 628 0 3 079

44 277 224 253 128 635 0 448 5 627 0 -49 392

99 380 292 522 155 819 0 690 4 858 0 -94 475

132 535 255 637 199 652 0 660 5 343 0 -134 115

202 870 231 330 201 607 0 977 5 250 0 -160 910

268 374 162 312 188 189 0 1 336 7 220 0 -162 940

275 665 251 470 211 954 0 2 137 3 745 703 -147 693

275 216 219 476 209 033 0 2 722 4 257 764 -126 030

305 515 259 018 247 231 0 2 256 4 539 1 148 -142 921

297 121 262 105 250 988 0 2 414 4 017 1 143 -138 587

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

462 400 455

902 600 778

2 206 500 1 694

2 535 700 1 763

2 930 600 1 934

2 901 100 1 724

4 075 700 2 241

4 312 600 2 358

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.46 1.77 1.37 0.65 2.28

2.88 3.04 2.74 1.52 4.03

7.10 6.64 6.77 4.99 8.69

9.32 10.99 12.65 7.80 8.47

9.29 10.96 11.68 7.63 8.70

9.03 11.43 12.08 6.12 8.92

10.80 12.22 12.56 7.59 11.11

11.24 13.85 14.43 8.45 10.43

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

347

NEW MEXICO

Table NM-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

4 001 780

100.0

2 102.9

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

53 074

1.3

27.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

2 038 440 1 443 300 595 140 37 503 38 543 87 448 210 863 52 718 148 736

50.9 36.1 14.9 0.9 1.0 2.2 5.3 1.3 3.7

1 071.2 758.4 312.7 19.7 20.2 46.0 110.8 27.7 78.2

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

169 805 121 246 21 575

4.2 3.0 0.5

89.2 63.7 11.3

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

1 740 461 1 007 248 138 196 587 625

43.5 25.2 3.5 14.7

914.6 529.3 72.6 308.8

847.6 673.6 105.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States New Mexico

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, state revenues per person were well above the national average, ranking ninth in the nation. New Mexico’s expenditures per resident were the seventh highest in the country. Expenditures per capita on education, public welfare, hospitals, and highways were significantly above the national averages, while health spending was below average. The largest share of taxes came from general sales taxes, followed by individual income taxes and severance, which are taxes imposed on the removal of natural resources such as coal, natural gas, minerals, and timber. Notable shares of taxes derived from severance can also be found in other western states.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NM-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

9 007 272 3 220 765 3 607 156 1 368 200 505 220 152 092 923 113 101 546 556 985 693 076 1 486 275

100.0 35.8 40.0 15.2 5.6 1.7 10.2 1.1 6.2 7.7 16.5

4 793.6 1 714.1 1 919.7 728.2 268.9 80.9 491.3 54.0 296.4 368.8 791.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

9 713 782 2 951 328 6 762 454

100.0 30.4 69.6

5 169.7 1 570.7 3 599.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

3 677 414 2 410 880 446 538 290 949 818 750 109 352 264 845 179 821 55 581 363 784 175 261 920 607

37.9 24.8 4.6 3.0 8.4 1.1 2.7 1.9 0.6 3.7 1.8 9.5

1 957.1 1 283.1 237.6 154.8 435.7 58.2 141.0 95.7 29.6 193.6 93.3 490.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 601 117

X

2 448.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

29 826 816

X

15 873.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

348

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NM-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 181

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

82.9 25.1

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

320 234 58.2 16.9 801 15.0 7 125

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

5.2

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

121 606 7 027 58.9

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States New Mexico

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

New Mexico’s school-age population has grown rapidly in recent years, and its proportion of population under 18 years old was the ninth highest in the nation. Despite above average per capita spending on education, expenditures per student in New Mexico were well below the national average. However, the student/teacher ratio was also below average. New Mexico had below average educational attainment levels. More than 58 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was among the five highest proportions in the nation. Nearly 17 percent of students were English language learners, which was also well above the national average rate.

New Mexico’s voter turnout was below the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. However, the proportion of the population that voted increased from 51.3 percent in 2000 to 60.9 percent in 2004. NonHispanic Whites had the highest voter participation rates, while just over 50 percent of eligible Hispanics cast ballots in the 2004 election. Less than 40 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years turned out to vote. In 2000, 56.1 percent of eligible residents voted for the Democratic presidential candidate; this proportion fell to 52.9 percent in 2004, according to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Table NM-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 261 591 670

1 188 559 629

94.3 94.7 93.9

750 332 419

59.5 56.1 62.5

647 286 361

51.3 48.3 53.9

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 375 658 717

1 301 621 680

94.6 94.4 94.7

936 436 501

68.1 66.2 69.8

837 392 445

60.9 59.6 62.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 151 660 34 11 544 1 181 677 39 11

1 087 653 34 3 486 1 115 669 39 3

94.4 98.9 B B 89.2 94.4 98.9 B B

792 509 23 3 316 807 519 26 3

68.8 77.1 B B 58.0 68.3 76.7 B B

715 471 23 3 276 728 480 26 3

62.1 71.4 B B 50.6 61.7 70.9 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

187 491 483 109 105

177 442 471 108 103

94.2 90.0 97.4 99.0 99.0

93 319 352 92 80

49.5 64.9 72.9 84.7 76.6

74 284 323 83 73

39.7 57.8 66.8 76.4 69.7

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NEW YORK At a Glance: •

New York’s population exceeded 19.2 million in 2004, giving it the third largest population in the country. Non-Hispanic Whites represented 61.1 percent of the population. The state had the fifth highest proportion of Asians and Pacific Islanders in the nation and the eighth highest proportion of Hispanics (of any race). Median household income was slightly above the national average, ranking 21st in the country. New York’s poverty rate of 15 percent was among the 10 highest in the nation. Average wages and salaries increased by 6.9 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was the second lowest growth rate in the nation. In 2004, real gross state product (GSP) was the second largest in the country, behind only California. Its rate of growth from 2001 to 2004 was very slow. New York had the second highest per student expenditures and the third highest dropout rate (among the 46 states reporting such data) in the country.

•

• • • •

Table NY-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

17 990 455 7.2

18 976 457 6.7

19 227 088 6.5

X X

0.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

8 625 673 9 364 782

9 146 748 9 829 709

9 304 581 9 922 507

48.4 51.6

0.4 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

1 255 764 3 003 785 3 550 887 13 730 906 1 953 424 5 862 873 2 363 722 248 173

1 239 417 3 450 690 14 286 350 1 765 453 5 831 622 4 240 923 2 448 352 311 488

1 246 045 3 326 318 14 654 725 1 825 192 5 626 026 4 710 691 2 492 816 353 883

6.5 17.3 76.2 9.5 29.3 24.5 13.0 1.8

-0.3 0.7 0.5 -0.6 -0.3 2.1 0.5 2.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.7

35.9

37.1

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.2

1.1

New York 1.0

0.9

0.5 0.5

0.3

0.2 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

New York’s population increased by only 1.3 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was among the 11 lowest rates of growth in the nation. Florida is projected to overtake New York by 2015 to become the nation’s third most populous state. From 2000 to 2004, New York had the second highest influx of immigrants from abroad, with over 562,000 new residents arriving from other countries. However, this was offset by a loss of nearly 772,000 residents to other states. A below average birth rate also contributed to slow population growth. The state had an above average proportion of elderly residents and a below average proportion of school-age population.

349

350

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NY-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

17 990 455

18 976 457

19 227 088

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

69.3 14.3 0.3 3.9 5.5 ...

62.6 15.2 0.3 5.8 ... 1.0

61.1 15.1 0.3 6.4 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

12.3

15.1

16.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

40

American Indian, Alaska Native

30

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 20 Non-Hispanic Black 10 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 14.2 percent of New Yorkers lacked health insurance, which was below the national average. However, neighboring Pennsylvania and Connecticut had higher rates of coverage. New York’s infant mortality and ageadjusted death rates were below the national averages. Table NY-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

253 714 13.2 28.2

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.1

6.9

797.2 791.0 870.5 ... 401.7 608.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.2 8.6 5.5

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States New York

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NY-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

158 520

797.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

68 207 36 945 6 885 4 630 3 885 5 218 1 682 1 585 2 442 2 311 1 204 1 052 1 412 1 099 1 122 988 910 2 099 439 270 134 189

339.9 187.6 34.7 23.7 19.6 25.8 8.2 8.2 12.2 11.6 6.2 5.5 7.2 5.7 5.7 5.1 4.6 10.8 2.2 1.4 0.7 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

NEW YORK

351

Table NY-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

6 639 322 4 489 312 3 315 845 1 173 467 254 201 919 266 2 150 010 1 806 263 343 747

7 056 860 4 639 387 3 289 514 1 349 873 311 697 1 038 176 2 417 473 1 982 742 434 731

7 087 566 4 614 684 3 250 893 1 363 791 343 190 1 020 601 2 472 882 2 039 618 433 264

0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.3 2.4 -0.4 0.6 0.7 -0.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.63 7 226 891 6 639 322 3 464 436 3 174 886

2.61 7 679 307 7 056 860 3 739 166 3 317 694

2.63 7 819 359 7 087 566 3 941 494 3 146 072

X 0.5 0.1 1.3 -1.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

486 130 400

672 148 700

796 220 981

4.3 10.4

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

50,000

1,000 United States New York

150,000

500

75,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

225,000

30,000 20,000

United States New York

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NY-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 664 43 938 44 081 44 940 44 692

15.0 14.3 14.0 14.2 13.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

45 327 43 278 42 014 42 446 40 653 40 217 40 804 40 969 43 002 44 272

14.2 16.7 16.5 16.7 16.5 17.0 16.4 15.7 15.3 14.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 334 44 364 41 955 41 150 39 581 38 111 ... ... ... ...

12.6 13.4 14.3 13.2 15.8 16.0 16.0 14.8 14.4 13.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

352

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NY-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

14 906 1 061 1 321 2 610 2 857 2 684 1 924 2 449

9 370 387 895 2 108 2 339 2 155 1 173 314

62.9 36.5 67.8 80.8 81.9 80.3 61.0 12.8

8 823 324 802 1 980 2 216 2 074 1 125 301

5.8 16.3 10.4 6.0 5.3 3.7 4.1 4.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

7 065 535 656 1 290 1 384 1 287 909 1 003

4 965 189 474 1 159 1 252 1 100 621 169

70.3 35.4 72.2 89.8 90.5 85.4 68.4 16.9

4 671 151 416 1 095 1 196 1 058 594 161

5.9 20.0 12.2 5.5 4.5 3.8 4.5 4.5

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

7 841 526 664 1 320 1 473 1 397 1 015 1 446

4 406 198 421 949 1 087 1 055 551 145

56.2 37.5 63.4 71.9 73.8 75.5 54.3 10.0

4 151 172 386 885 1 020 1 016 532 140

5.8 12.8 8.4 6.7 6.1 3.6 3.6 3.8

3 670 3 487 1 082

2 757 2 035 738

75.1 58.4 68.2

2 664 1 956 674

3.4 3.9 8.7

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

11 230 5 393 5 837

7 136 3 835 3 301

63.5 71.1 56.5

6 774 3 633 3 141

5.1 5.3 4.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 491 1 084 1 407

1 481 693 787

59.4 64.0 55.9

1 330 623 708

10.1 10.2 10.1

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

979 487 492

621 367 254

63.5 75.5 51.6

597 352 244

4.0 4.0 3.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 138 1 012 1 126

1 354 729 625

63.3 72.0 55.5

1 249 673 576

7.7 7.7 7.8

1 833 2 090 2 029 1 534

1 527 1 730 1 662 939

83.3 82.8 81.9 61.2

1 453 1 651 1 606 906

4.9 4.6 3.4 3.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table NY-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

9 355 135 9 300 309 9 311 417 9 177 563 9 180 368

8 811 784 8 705 319 8 732 103 8 729 849 8 763 571

543 351 594 990 579 314 447 714 416 797

5.8 6.4 6.2 4.9 4.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

9 134 079 9 058 800 8 997 511 8 780 545 8 676 837 8 681 987 8 698 934 8 734 942 8 754 679 8 808 856

8 657 431 8 546 550 8 416 544 8 228 913 8 125 798 8 080 243 8 013 498 7 979 726 8 112 503 8 339 800

476 648 512 250 580 967 551 632 551 039 601 744 685 436 755 216 642 176 469 056

5.2 5.7 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.9 7.9 8.6 7.3 5.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

New York

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NEW YORK

353

Table NY-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

10 491 096 59 730 10 431 366 8 946 637 23 689 9 876 43 796 462 822 734 909 422 884 312 025 399 253 1 026 415 324 632 358 650 726 286 358 530 798 205 122 454 523 064 339 070 1 322 903 258 204 554 968 558 911 1 484 729

10 414 954 59 916 10 355 038 8 849 617 24 448 8 731 43 279 449 274 680 327 388 120 292 207 387 065 1 021 831 310 972 325 907 698 078 361 036 782 921 127 627 512 034 350 808 1 358 553 269 074 558 746 578 906 1 505 421

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

46 024 18 619 46 090 47 104 69 260 43 674 70 196 46 559 44 856 47 731 40 940 54 672 24 228 36 719 67 381 136 371 41 453 68 487 106 178 30 288 29 963 32 812 36 615 18 276 24 059 41 032

45 629 24 397 45 681 46 446 70 052 44 432 77 658 47 676 46 155 48 777 42 644 55 787 24 968 37 336 66 503 124 296 42 035 68 512 112 637 30 900 31 139 33 683 36 889 18 542 25 040 42 002

10 451 749 59 666 10 392 083 8 892 973 22 598 10 077 42 158 456 622 641 302 362 696 278 606 384 737 1 025 444 312 059 309 761 687 712 379 557 793 362 126 362 513 483 364 154 1 395 025 271 150 572 367 585 043 1 499 110

10 562 849 55 260 10 507 589 9 010 297 22 371 10 704 40 427 461 326 624 664 355 527 269 137 387 223 1 041 922 317 732 304 514 690 084 394 084 807 450 124 811 530 077 376 506 1 416 239 281 622 586 550 591 991 1 497 292

0.2 -2.6 0.2 0.2 -1.9 2.7 -2.6 -0.1 -5.3 -5.6 -4.8 -1.0 0.5 -0.7 -5.3 -1.7 3.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 3.6 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.9 0.3

49 198 26 117 49 247 50 121 72 087 47 219 82 533 49 179 50 072 52 583 46 734 60 219 26 473 39 042 73 507 142 979 45 709 73 301 115 199 33 822 33 372 36 620 39 326 19 727 26 954 45 013

2.2 11.9 2.2 2.1 1.3 2.6 5.5 1.8 3.7 3.3 4.5 3.3 3.0 2.1 2.9 1.6 3.3 2.3 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 2.4 2.6 3.9 3.1

Dollars 46 585 20 195 46 652 47 334 70 676 47 084 78 982 48 618 48 166 50 790 44 731 57 636 25 654 38 032 70 261 124 378 42 854 69 935 107 423 32 389 32 234 35 250 38 239 18 936 26 034 43 371

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET New York’s unemployment rate has been higher than the national average for a number of years. In 2004, its joblessness rate of 5.8 percent ranked 12th in the nation. Employment growth over the 2001–2004 period was slow, as job losses occurred in many key industries, including information, finance and insurance, construction, and manufacturing. Jobs in educational services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and health care increased during this period. Average wages and salaries were substantially above the national average, particularly in finance and insurance, management, and several other service industries. However, average wages and salaries grew very slowly between 2001 and 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.2%

Government and government enterprises Health care and social assistance 13.4%

42.5%

Retail trade Professional and technical services Finance and Insurance

9.9% Manufacturing 5.9%

7.6% 6.5%

Other

354

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NY-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

156 988 117 240 24 287 15 461 260 15 201 15 326 -8 203 133 459 32 079 27 955 193 492 192 985 507

333 212 248 311 47 641 37 261 376 36 885 37 849 -14 083 281 280 84 547 58 069 423 897 423 184 713

538 623 400 389 70 860 67 373 294 67 078 57 239 -34 495 446 888 115 784 100 334 663 005 662 280 726

551 151 409 929 74 190 67 031 365 66 666 59 470 -35 416 456 264 113 585 110 036 679 886 679 088 797

549 391 400 141 81 052 68 199 -108 68 307 60 133 -32 385 456 873 103 078 116 904 676 856 676 403 453

558 590 406 464 85 779 66 347 166 66 181 61 993 -32 131 464 465 103 127 122 772 690 365 689 718 647

596 293 431 455 92 298 72 539 135 72 404 64 650 -35 360 496 282 107 765 132 991 737 039 736 384 655

2.6 1.9 6.8 1.9 -17.6 1.9 3.1 X 2.7 -1.8 7.3 2.7 2.7 -2.5

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 015

23 523

34 897

35 622

35 343

35 933

38 333

2.4

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 45,000 United States New York

Dollars

30,000

15,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

After the 2001 recession, New York’s real gross state product (GSP) experienced a period of slow growth; however, over the 2003–2004 period, the GSP increased 4.7 percent, a rate well above the national average. This rate was the 15th fastest in the country. The strongest contributions to the GSP were from finance and insurance, real estate and related activities, retail trade, and professional and technical services. Housing prices have appreciated at a rate above the national average in recent years, particularly in areas surrounding New York City. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in New York was the eighth highest in the country.

Table NY-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

670 980 7.8

698 377 7.8

732 371 7.8

769 403 7.9

783 183 8.0

777 099 7.8

801 038 7.8

838 912 7.8

2.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

595 730 1 063 291 13 259 21 308 53 133 7.9 36 394 34 935 13 809 41 024 91 628 100 800 191 064 28.5 53 793 17 677 18 902 9 532 52 412 7 991 15 025 15 732 75 463 11.2

621 035 1 313 337 13 173 22 539 57 124 8.2 39 982 36 522 14 376 44 455 98 006 97 508 197 428 28.3 58 351 17 227 19 586 10 265 52 241 8 150 15 592 16 016 77 494 11.1

653 465 1 532 368 13 846 23 351 56 973 7.8 41 588 38 787 14 437 47 575 108 965 101 488 205 504 28.1 62 777 17 091 21 498 10 010 52 979 8 363 16 830 15 956 78 969 10.8

690 213 1 695 378 13 907 24 025 60 252 7.8 40 768 40 505 14 972 49 893 130 921 101 658 211 238 27.5 67 016 18 267 19 937 10 349 53 840 8 104 17 812 15 913 79 190 10.3

704 090 1 711 372 14 291 24 621 57 252 7.3 43 732 43 270 15 036 54 439 137 518 100 804 211 335 27.0 65 756 21 078 19 137 10 217 54 508 8 181 16 934 15 524 79 107 10.1

698 676 1 640 359 15 022 23 678 58 216 7.5 44 492 45 426 14 745 53 314 130 193 99 091 212 544 27.4 64 473 21 563 19 334 10 208 56 238 8 380 17 017 15 331 78 439 10.1

722 736 1 626 369 15 899 23 494 60 626 7.6 43 792 48 633 15 569 56 960 138 273 99 894 218 379 27.3 65 983 22 069 20 344 10 090 58 539 8 448 17 396 15 510 78 467 9.8

759 851 1 366 366 16 293 23 031 62 780 7.5 44 734 51 534 15 878 62 371 157 594 101 625 225 217 26.8 68 364 22 060 21 172 10 025 59 825 8 895 18 344 16 532 79 425 9.5

2.6 -7.2 -0.5 4.5 -2.2 3.1 X 0.8 6.0 1.8 4.6 4.6 0.3 2.1 X 1.3 1.5 3.4 -0.6 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.1 0.1 X

X = Not applicable.

355

NEW YORK

Table NY-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

26 283

55 232

95 735

102 344

112 332

118 430

128 601

7.7

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

11 280 10 689 278 281 32

20 218 19 044 340 787 47

30 862 28 701 344 1 755 62

32 366 30 155 350 1 782 79

33 644 31 382 361 1 800 101

34 991 32 214 365 1 846 566

36 495 33 574 372 1 930 620

4.3 4.0 1.9 2.4 77.8

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

8 109 3 478 4 618 13

24 134 9 789 14 285 60

49 723 17 805 31 873 45

53 143 19 671 33 409 63

59 300 20 997 38 218 86

63 191 22 073 41 043 74

69 215 24 124 45 004 87

8.6 7.9 9.0 17.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

4 130 789 1 656 751 934

7 375 1 580 2 428 1 123 2 244

11 277 3 212 2 700 1 346 4 020

11 758 3 333 2 825 1 387 4 212

12 381 3 420 2 842 1 496 4 623

13 067 3 408 3 085 1 725 4 849

14 020 3 560 3 126 1 951 5 383

5.6 2.6 3.7 9.7 7.6

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

1 310

1 791

1 651

2 659

4 272

3 949

2 641

12.5

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

963

1 068

1 134

1 179

1 290

1 371

1 408

5.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

483

625

1 028

1 137

1 272

1 153

1 222

4.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

8

21

59

102

174

710

3 600

179.3

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, the value of New York’s exports was $44.4 billion, ranking third in the nation behind Texas and California. Miscellaneous manufactures became the state’s leading export in 2003, as their value increased by nearly 52 percent from 2001 to 2004. Computers and electronic products and machinery manufactures were New York’s other leading export products. Canada was New York’s largest export market, followed distantly by Israel and the United Kingdom. China has been the state’s most rapidly growing export market in recent years, as exports to this country increased by more than 80 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 15.4%

Machinery 12.6%

Transportation equipment 10.7%

Miscellaneous manufactures 19.0%

Chemicals 10.0%

Other 32.3%

Table NY-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

42 172 36 399 425 5 348

36 977 32 275 479 4 222

39 181 34 481 420 4 280

44 401 38 603 470 5 329

100.0 86.9 1.1 12.0

1.7 2.0 3.4 -0.1

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................

5 551 6 538 4 824 4 467 4 407

5 611 6 297 4 181 4 509 3 940

6 399 6 306 4 138 4 533 4 315

8 426 6 857 5 590 4 754 4 450

19.0 15.4 12.6 10.7 10.0

14.9 1.6 5.0 2.1 0.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Israel ...................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Mexico ...................................................................................

38 550 9 760 2 021 3 131 3 613 1 852

33 342 9 221 2 140 2 369 2 823 1 898

35 435 9 041 2 372 3 283 2 625 1 705

39 626 10 081 3 734 2 845 2 425 2 168

89.2 22.7 8.4 6.4 5.5 4.9

0.9 1.1 22.7 -3.1 -12.5 5.4

356

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NY-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

38 264 7 788 241

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

204

206

28.3 62.7 9.0

30.4 60.3 9.4

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

272 670 1 327 56 522

345 504 1 708 96 252

2 930 569 1 066 347 1 864 222 76 588

3 117 834 1 135 129 1 982 706 83 689

51.6 29.9 18.5

55.9 26.8 17.3

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

32 789 27.2

110 234 26.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

53.9

60.8

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

37 255 7 660 969

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled $3.1 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. Dairy products were New York’s leading agricultural product. Nearly 56 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000, indicating that farming was relatively small-scale. About 30 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. Nearly 60 percent of farm operators in New York indicated that farming was their principal occupation, an increase of nearly 7 percentage points from 1997. ENERGY New York had the sixth highest energy prices in the nation. However, energy expenditures per person amounted to $2,092 in 2001, the fourth lowest amount in the country. The state’s per capita consumption was the second lowest in the nation, behind only Rhode Island. The state’s primary energy sources were petroleum and natural gas, followed distantly by nuclear power. The commercial sector was the largest consumer of energy.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

2,000 Transportation 23.5%

Residential 28.9%

1,500

1,000

500

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 16.1%

Commercial 31.5%

Table NY-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

2 989 563 178.1

3 672 883 207.1

4 320 205 236.8

3 945 970 219.2

3 919 617 223.2

3 526 039 198.2

3 757 078 208.8

3 873 176 213.4

4 245 982 223.7

4 134 644 216.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

24.4 19.0 29.8 26.8

24.5 20.0 31.5 24.1

24.9 21.6 28.1 25.4

26.6 22.2 24.6 26.6

26.4 22.9 24.5 26.2

28.3 26.3 21.4 24.0

27.7 28.0 19.6 24.7

28.0 29.3 19.2 23.6

28.7 31.5 16.8 22.9

28.9 31.5 16.1 23.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

691 728 434 127 1 700 551 0 130 051 59 263 12 361 -38 518

755 238 558 658 2 117 508 8 585 204 632 58 111 1 690 -31 539

598 940 725 813 2 663 414 46 908 262 884 62 607 3 222 -43 583

312 508 585 536 2 594 616 144 387 294 729 60 171 5 567 -51 544

313 708 755 879 2 168 653 210 259 275 016 147 164 24 454 24 485

301 368 784 737 1 695 644 255 910 284 044 123 192 58 985 22 160

349 774 895 362 1 815 463 249 982 282 249 104 651 2 775 56 822

305 275 1 295 399 1 480 821 276 714 256 059 127 881 30 985 100 042

330 843 1 279 694 1 710 532 328 597 243 999 173 225 30 529 148 564

314 998 1 205 905 1 712 489 422 047 225 389 152 059 27 581 74 176

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

6 378 200 350

12 656 900 703

23 340 600 1 329

25 951 100 1 459

27 897 900 1 551

31 214 900 1 720

40 262 800 2 122

39 903 200 2 092

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.81 2.18 1.98 0.97 2.14

4.10 4.37 5.41 2.84 4.02

8.01 8.19 9.22 5.36 8.87

10.24 11.63 13.48 6.89 8.85

10.42 12.29 12.85 7.16 8.90

11.12 13.67 14.56 6.24 9.36

13.16 15.10 15.89 7.35 12.07

13.41 16.18 17.05 7.41 10.88

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

357

NEW YORK

Table NY-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

45 833 652

100.0

2 383.8

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

16 478 965 10 050 291 6 428 674 833 073 518 557 821 911 1 009 595 3 017 773

36.0 21.9 14.0 1.8 1.1 1.8 2.2 6.6

857.1 522.7 334.4 43.3 27.0 42.8 52.5 157.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle ..............................................................................

1 200 242 793 597

2.6 1.7

62.4 41.3

134.9 59.4

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

28 154 445 24 647 225 2 044 504 736 004 726 712

61.4 53.8 4.5 1.6 1.6

1 464.3 1 281.9 106.3 38.3 37.8

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000

United States New York 2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were among the highest in the country in 2003. Per capita revenues amounted to $5,145, ranking fifth in the nation, and per capita expenditures of $5,300 were sixth highest in the country. Spending per capita on education was nearly twice the national average, and expenditures on health and hospitals were also above average. Taxes per person were above average in fiscal year 2004 and ranked 10th in the country. Individual income taxes, the second highest in the nation, were the largest source of tax revenue.

1,000

0

Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NY-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

98 842 100 43 442 351 42 253 291 8 841 872 6 303 581 1 043 227 22 648 364 2 089 104 1 327 143 5 692 910 7 453 548

100.0 44.0 42.7 8.9 6.4 1.1 22.9 2.1 1.3 5.8 7.5

5 144.8 2 261.2 2 199.3 460.2 328.1 54.3 1 178.9 108.7 69.1 296.3 388.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

101 825 036 40 874 514 60 950 522

100.0 40.1 59.9

5 300.1 2 127.6 3 172.5

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

27 209 154 38 893 504 3 646 135 5 027 482 3 881 359 587 382 2 535 996 390 580 466 127 4 269 212 3 522 330 11 395 775

26.7 38.2 3.6 4.9 3.8 0.6 2.5 0.4 0.5 4.2 3.5 11.2

1 416.3 2 024.4 189.8 261.7 202.0 30.6 132.0 20.3 24.3 222.2 183.3 593.2

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

91 634 857

X

4 769.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

229 310 901

X

11 935.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

358

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NY-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 12 508

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

85.4 30.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

2 888 233 ... ... 4 470 13.3 11 961

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

7.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

1 136 922 106 188 58.7

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States New York

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, New York exceeded the national average educational attainment rates. The proportion of the state’s population age 25 years and over holding a bachelor’s degree or more was 30.6 percent, ranking 13th in the nation. New York had the country’s second highest expenditures per student, amounting to $11,961. The state’s student/teacher ratio was among the 6 lowest ratios in the nation. The proportion of student-age population in New York was well below the national average. The state’s dropout rate exceeded 7 percent, which ranked 3rd among the 46 states reporting such data.

The voter turnout for eligible New Yorkers was below the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2004, the state ranked 45th in the nation for voter participation. Non-Hispanic Whites had the highest rates of voter turnout, while less than 26 percent of eligible Asians and just 31 percent of eligible Hispanics voted. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 59 percent of New Yorkers cast their ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000, and 56.1 percent voted similarly in 2004.

Table NY-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

13 725 6 613 7 112

11 877 5 689 6 189

86.5 86.0 87.0

8 047 3 710 4 337

58.6 56.1 61.0

7 004 3 251 3 753

51.0 49.2 52.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

14 492 6 865 7 627

12 779 6 043 6 736

88.2 88.0 88.3

8 624 3 965 4 659

59.5 57.8 61.1

7 698 3 561 4 137

53.1 51.9 54.2

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

11 055 9 389 2 354 939 1 976 11 130 9 444 2 421 953

10 122 9 005 1 924 614 1 346 10 190 9 059 1 981 627

91.6 95.9 81.7 65.3 68.1 91.6 95.9 81.8 65.8

7 090 6 457 1 188 287 754 7 118 6 485 1 203 297

64.1 68.8 50.5 30.5 38.2 64.0 68.7 49.7 31.2

6 366 5 846 1 042 241 613 6 389 5 870 1 055 246

57.6 62.3 44.3 25.7 31.0 57.4 62.2 43.6 25.8

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 979 5 366 4 710 1 280 1 156

1 682 4 469 4 317 1 220 1 091

85.0 83.3 91.7 95.3 94.4

909 2 919 3 077 891 828

45.9 54.4 65.3 69.6 71.6

771 2 569 2 855 806 697

39.0 47.9 60.6 62.9 60.4

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

NORTH CAROLINA At a Glance: •

North Carolina’s population was over 8.5 million in 2004. Its growth rate in recent years was above average, and the state is projected to replace New Jersey as the 10th most populous state by 2010. Non-Hispanic Whites made up more than 68 percent of the population, followed by Blacks at nearly 22 percent, which was the sixth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Despite concentrations of high income earners in some parts of the state, the overall median household income was low, ranking 39th in the nation. The state’s poverty rate of 14.6 percent was the 12th highest in the country. North Carolina’s unemployment rate of 5.5 percent was identical to the national average rate. In 2004, North Carolina had the 11th largest real gross state product, which grew at an above average rate from 2001 to 2004. North Carolina ranked among the lowest 10 for both the high school and college attainment levels of its population age 25 years and over.

• • • • •

Table NC-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

6 628 637 2.7

8 049 313 2.9

8 541 221 2.9

X X

1.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

3 214 290 3 414 347

3 942 695 4 106 618

4 198 851 4 342 370

49.2 50.8

1.6 1.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

458 955 1 147 194 1 285 608 5 022 488 781 053 2 151 486 804 341 69 969

539 509 1 424 538 6 085 266 806 821 2 500 535 1 808 862 969 048 105 461

600 113 1 518 379 6 422 729 828 100 2 531 063 2 031 317 1 032 249 120 640

7.0 17.8 75.2 9.7 29.6 23.8 12.1 1.4

1.8 2.0 1.8 0.4 1.2 3.4 1.8 4.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.0

35.3

35.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.0

1.5

2.0 United States North Carolina 1.2

1.0

1.5 1.2

1.1

1990–2000

2000–2004

0.9

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

Year

North Carolina’s population increased by 6.1 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was the ninth fastest growth rate in the country. Both domestic and international immigration added significantly to the state’s population base. During the 2000–2004 period, immigration from other states added nearly 167,000 new residents, and another 132,000 new residents arrived from abroad. The state had a slightly younger population than the nation as a whole, with a smaller proportion of residents age 65 years and over. American Indians made up 1.2 percent of North Carolina’s population, which was the 11th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation.

359

360

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NC-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

6 628 637

8 049 313

8 541 221

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

75.0 21.9 1.2 0.8 0.5 ...

70.3 21.5 1.2 1.5 ... 0.8

68.6 21.5 1.2 1.7 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.2

4.7

6.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

32

American Indian, Alaska Native

24

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 16 Non-Hispanic Black 8 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 15.7 percent of North Carolina’s residents lacked health insurance, matching the national rate. The state’s infant mortality rate was the ninth highest in the country, and the age-adjusted death rate was also above average. The birth rate for teenage mothers was the 15th highest in the nation.

Table NC-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

118 323 14.1 49.0

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

8.4

6.9

920.2 879.4 1 133.5 946.5 367.5 295.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

15.7 11.2 7.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States North Carolina

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table NC-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

71 632

920.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

26 225 16 020 3 629 3 554 2 157 1 874 1 824 1 638 1 361 1 094 985 1 114 749 600 650 633 443 472 134 164 115 127

341.9 202.0 46.8 44.1 27.5 24.9 24.7 19.9 17.7 14.1 11.9 13.5 9.2 7.3 7.9 7.6 5.8 5.7 1.6 2.1 1.4 1.6

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

361

NORTH CAROLINA

Table NC-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 517 026 1 812 053 1 424 206 387 847 77 971 309 876 704 973 596 959 108 014

3 132 013 2 158 869 1 645 346 513 523 123 526 389 997 973 144 795 271 177 873

3 340 330 2 280 086 1 680 713 599 373 150 483 448 890 1 060 244 892 329 167 915

1.6 1.4 0.5 3.9 5.1 3.6 2.2 2.9 -1.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.54 2 818 193 2 517 026 1 711 817 805 209

2.49 3 523 944 3 132 013 2 172 355 959 658

2.48 3 860 078 3 340 330 2 305 212 1 035 118

X 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.9

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

382 65 300

548 108 300

610 117 771

2.7 2.1

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States North Carolina

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States North Carolina

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table NC-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 365 38 281 38 355 40 723 42 030

14.6 15.7 14.3 12.5 12.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 227 41 477 42 063 42 675 39 362 37 967 37 101 36 642 36 319 36 898

13.8 14.0 11.4 12.2 12.6 14.2 14.4 15.8 14.5 13.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 846 37 460 36 192 35 947 35 917 35 588 ... ... ... ...

12.2 12.6 13.8 14.3 14.2 14.6 15.8 20.3 17.5 15.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

362

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NC-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

6 439 433 600 1 183 1 222 1 157 861 983

4 243 185 454 991 1 035 919 510 148

65.9 42.8 75.7 83.7 84.7 79.4 59.2 15.1

4 016 150 412 943 997 882 489 142

5.4 19.2 9.3 4.8 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 082 215 292 587 611 565 395 417

2 270 93 241 553 569 479 257 78

73.6 43.5 82.5 94.1 93.1 84.8 65.0 18.6

2 154 77 216 532 548 459 249 74

5.1 17.9 10.6 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.3 4.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 357 218 308 596 612 592 465 566

1 973 92 213 438 467 440 252 71

58.8 42.2 69.2 73.5 76.3 74.3 54.2 12.5

1 862 73 197 412 449 423 240 68

5.6 20.5 7.8 5.9 3.7 4.0 4.9 4.1

1 780 1 763 405

1 361 1 064 273

76.5 60.4 67.3

1 321 1 030 248

2.9 3.2 9.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 836 2 360 2 477

3 216 1 787 1 429

66.5 75.7 57.7

3 089 1 720 1 370

3.9 3.8 4.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 308 583 725

837 386 451

64.0 66.2 62.2

749 344 405

10.5 10.8 10.3

Asian .....................................................

128

84

65.4

82

2.0

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

429 260 169

319 233 87

74.5 89.5 51.4

303 220 83

5.1 5.2 4.9

288 413 887 899 861 686 802

138 330 745 769 688 421 126

47.9 79.9 84.0 85.5 79.9 61.3 15.7

118 310 720 749 668 403 122

14.3 6.1 3.4 2.6 3.0 4.1 3.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table NC-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

4 256 340 4 230 241 4 201 385 4 182 974 4 113 790

4 020 788 3 957 077 3 921 819 3 948 692 3 959 389

235 552 273 164 279 566 234 282 154 401

5.5 6.5 6.7 5.6 3.8

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

4 053 949 3 985 573 3 962 777 3 875 125 3 748 853 3 672 907 3 621 196 3 595 919 3 539 623 3 497 568

3 921 244 3 844 792 3 809 601 3 704 108 3 582 647 3 511 339 3 434 311 3 372 068 3 330 035 3 352 165

132 705 140 781 153 176 171 017 166 206 161 568 186 885 223 851 209 588 145 403

3.3 3.5 3.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.2 6.2 5.9 4.2

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

North Carolina

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NORTH CAROLINA

363

Table NC-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

4 885 069 82 772 4 802 297 4 053 784 27 709 6 381 D 344 336 720 461 367 284 353 177 175 366 544 721 148 922 D 178 903 143 514 234 853 62 936 269 396 65 491 394 025 77 962 296 520 255 593 748 513

4 878 093 84 803 4 793 290 4 031 867 29 538 5 572 14 836 330 634 662 403 329 493 332 910 176 793 539 599 139 648 87 532 183 071 148 220 234 345 65 363 276 704 71 918 411 352 80 649 304 827 268 863 761 423

4 887 821 81 140 4 806 681 4 032 526 26 954 5 887 14 772 329 917 621 455 309 061 312 394 178 452 536 973 138 072 85 244 183 828 156 119 237 053 63 168 288 205 75 161 426 691 81 199 311 332 272 044 774 155

4 974 274 76 533 4 897 741 4 111 753 26 121 6 018 14 204 341 021 599 904 307 514 292 390 184 535 545 518 142 014 82 361 187 918 163 992 244 901 65 077 300 713 78 789 442 417 82 832 325 738 277 680 785 988

0.6 -2.6 0.7 0.5 -1.9 -1.9 ... -0.3 -5.9 -5.7 -6.1 1.7 0.0 -1.6 ... 1.7 4.5 1.4 1.1 3.7 6.4 3.9 2.0 3.2 2.8 1.6

34 363 22 185 34 435 34 311 22 399 49 805 65 691 33 764 41 617 43 538 39 611 48 885 22 521 36 888 51 468 60 056 31 688 51 314 73 912 23 580 29 779 33 544 25 801 13 255 22 566 34 956

2.9 7.3 2.9 2.8 5.9 3.2 ... 1.8 3.9 3.3 4.7 4.1 2.1 1.5 ... 4.5 4.0 2.1 6.3 4.0 1.8 2.4 2.9 1.4 2.1 3.6

Dollars AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

31 505 17 950 31 594 31 628 18 864 45 282 D 31 977 37 056 39 548 34 486 43 350 21 171 35 241 D 52 596 28 173 48 204 61 564 20 990 28 225 31 276 23 689 12 717 21 185 31 438

32 141 19 252 32 232 32 175 20 579 43 039 59 712 31 979 38 280 40 016 36 576 44 578 21 561 35 826 46 609 54 185 28 744 48 328 65 373 21 994 28 199 31 792 23 737 12 811 21 359 32 480

33 031 17 649 33 134 32 986 21 153 45 373 60 859 32 639 39 517 41 221 37 848 46 522 21 952 36 142 48 524 57 926 29 686 49 550 67 992 22 320 28 752 32 410 24 784 12 972 21 850 33 757

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other" consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET North Carolina’s labor market was adversely affected by the 2001 recession, causing sharp increases in the state’s unemployment rate. This rate only began to show improvement in 2004. Employment growth was subdued over the 2001–2004 period, as a sharp drop in jobs in manufacturing and sluggish employment growth in retail trade largely negated the job gains in educational services, real estate and related activities, health care, accommodation and food services, and government. North Carolina’s average wages and salaries were about 11 percent lower than national average in 2004, but grew at a rate close to the U.S. average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

15.8% Government and government enterprises Manufacturing 38.9% 12.1%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance Construction

11.0% Accommodation and food services 6.5%

6.9%

8.9%

Other

364

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NC-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

39 580 30 571 5 669 3 340 369 2 971 3 727 23 35 875 6 599 5 870 48 344 47 720 624

90 212 67 674 13 910 8 628 1 758 6 869 10 017 -447 79 748 21 605 13 573 114 926 112 822 2 104

168 771 127 449 25 491 15 831 2 121 13 710 18 748 -885 149 137 39 633 29 898 218 668 216 113 2 555

173 298 129 705 26 406 17 187 2 231 14 956 19 564 -781 152 953 39 156 33 286 225 395 222 651 2 744

176 122 131 196 29 185 15 741 672 15 069 19 908 -769 155 445 37 195 35 980 228 621 227 359 1 262

181 782 134 042 31 848 15 892 990 14 902 20 912 -733 160 137 36 822 37 585 234 544 233 042 1 502

193 782 141 282 34 492 18 008 1 748 16 260 21 929 -776 171 077 38 664 40 544 250 286 247 972 2 314

3.5 2.6 7.9 3.3 -4.7 4.4 4.0 X 3.5 -0.6 7.9 3.4 3.5 -2.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 195

17 246

27 068

27 493

27 505

27 852

29 303

2.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States North Carolina

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product grew at an above average rate throughout the 2001–2004 period. Its growth of 10.4 percent during this period ranked 22nd in the country. Contributors to this increase were manufacturing, retail trade, finance and insurance, information, and real estate and related activities. Agriculture, mining, construction, and educational services experienced declines from 2001 to 2004. Housing values rose at a below average rate, increasing just 8.7 percent from 2000 to 2004, compared with 26.6 percent nationally. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in North Carolina totaled $117,771, ranking 32nd in the country.

Table NC-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

239 698 2.8

250 885 2.8

261 778 2.8

274 306 2.8

279 893 2.8

286 943 2.9

295 897 2.9

308 970 2.9

3.3 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

208 324 3 279 415 4 321 12 504 58 922 24.6 12 707 15 568 7 007 6 747 15 491 23 218 48 122 20.1 9 189 5 741 6 043 1 546 12 961 1 448 5 494 5 700 31 433 13.1

218 690 2 831 482 4 252 13 024 59 825 23.8 14 030 16 310 7 196 7 490 19 212 23 874 50 428 20.1 10 290 5 649 6 501 1 621 13 141 1 562 5 766 5 898 32 225 12.8

228 837 2 812 521 4 483 13 213 64 466 24.6 14 851 17 307 7 288 8 083 22 660 20 063 53 177 20.3 11 526 5 634 7 113 1 678 13 660 1 673 5 987 5 906 32 952 12.6

240 723 3 852 512 4 784 12 784 67 325 24.5 14 742 17 978 7 398 8 553 22 271 26 645 53 876 19.6 12 662 5 025 6 466 1 725 14 256 1 725 6 206 5 811 33 583 12.2

246 304 3 628 488 4 640 12 434 66 102 23.6 15 726 19 150 7 401 9 154 24 555 27 817 55 278 19.7 12 991 5 395 6 227 1 756 15 335 1 858 6 044 5 672 33 593 12.0

252 934 2 517 470 4 861 11 637 67 367 23.5 16 656 20 280 7 149 9 248 27 978 27 714 57 240 19.9 13 093 5 959 6 766 1 737 15 910 1 891 6 209 5 675 34 025 11.9

260 466 2 645 446 5 378 11 396 68 740 23.2 16 834 21 793 7 538 9 927 29 123 27 789 59 182 20.0 13 931 5 965 7 102 1 678 16 476 1 908 6 444 5 678 35 427 12.0

271 810 2 906 439 5 609 11 710 69 869 22.6 17 724 22 903 7 749 10 879 31 075 29 271 61 991 20.1 14 577 6 295 7 508 1 685 17 103 1 946 6 804 6 073 37 137 12.0

3.3 -7.1 -3.5 6.5 -2.0 1.9 X 4.1 6.1 1.5 5.9 8.2 1.7 3.9 X 3.9 5.3 6.4 -1.4 3.7 1.6 4.0 2.3 3.4 X

X = Not applicable.

NORTH CAROLINA

365

Table NC-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

5 469

12 732

28 108

31 277

34 199

36 004

38 907

8.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 823 2 739 68 8 8

6 413 6 253 112 32 16

11 871 11 654 141 52 24

12 692 12 463 145 56 27

13 552 13 294 152 69 38

14 226 13 963 157 68 38

14 980 14 710 159 70 40

6.0 6.0 3.1 7.5 14.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 093 654 417 22

3 879 2 194 1 569 117

11 413 5 588 5 674 150

13 078 6 236 6 635 207

13 976 6 726 6 964 286

14 648 7 162 7 241 245

16 634 7 923 8 413 297

9.9 9.1 10.3 18.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

744 233 154 242 114

1 395 467 260 301 367

3 137 859 263 390 1 626

3 195 908 285 449 1 553

3 674 941 273 555 1 904

4 095 967 266 677 2 186

4 497 1 010 256 782 2 448

9.4 4.1 -0.7 19.0 10.8

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

254

323

511

972

1 508

1 420

1 020

18.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

446

547

884

954

1 078

1 177

1 302

10.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

108

150

268

344

387

417

443

13.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

26

23

42

23

20

31

7.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

North Carolina’s exports totaled $18.1 billion in 2004, making it the 15th largest exporter in the country. After a decline following the 2001 recession, total goods exports rebounded, growing 23 percent from 2002 to 2004. Chemical manufactures were the state’s chief export, followed by computers and electronic products, which together accounted for over one-third of exports. Canada, as the destination for about 25 percent of North Carolina’s goods, was by far the state’s largest export market. Mexico and Japan were the other leading markets, while Italy, China, France, and Honduras were all rapidly growing markets.

Computers and electronic products 15.5%

Machinery 10.3% Fabric mill products 8.8% Transportation equipment 7.5%

Chemicals 18.4%

Other 39.5%

Table NC-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

16 799 15 726 842 231

14 719 13 817 697 204

16 199 15 319 654 225

18 115 17 136 708 271

100.0 94.6 3.9 1.5

2.5 2.9 -5.6 5.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Fabric mill products (313) ...................................................... Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

2 314 2 813 1 658 1 205 906

2 356 2 400 1 450 1 297 856

3 025 2 706 1 557 1 376 1 164

3 337 2 816 1 858 1 591 1 359

18.4 15.5 10.3 8.8 7.5

13.0 0.0 3.9 9.7 14.5

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Honduras ...............................................................................

14 682 4 086 1 626 1 372 970 428

12 876 3 739 1 330 1 417 735 575

14 328 3 896 1 464 1 591 687 696

15 901 4 486 1 582 1 462 812 671

87.8 24.8 8.7 8.1 4.5 3.7

2.7 3.2 -0.9 2.1 -5.7 16.2

366

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table NC-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

59 120 9 444 867

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

160

168

45.0 48.2 6.8

45.6 47.1 7.2

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

349 841 2 127 47 411

518 719 3 088 63 902

7 832 362 2 600 655 5 231 707 132 482

6 961 686 2 008 634 4 953 052 129 087

59.7 22.9 17.4

63.7 20.0 16.3

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

52 546 27.2

97 696 22.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

45.6

58.7

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

53 930 9 079 001

Cash receipts from farming totaled about $7 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was a significant decline from the previous farm census in 1997, mostly reflecting a drop in crop sales (including tobacco). The state’s leading farm products were hogs and chickens. Nearly 64 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000. More than 45 percent of North Carolina’s farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. Nearly 59 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation—an increase from 1997, when this proportion was 45.6 percent. ENERGY North Carolina’s energy prices were the 12th highest in the country. However, per capita consumption was below the national average. Total energy expenditures per person of $2,302 in 2001 were also below average. Petroleum, coal, and nuclear power were the state’s chief energy sources.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 1,500

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 26.8%

Residential 24.7%

1,200 900 600 300 0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 28.7%

Commercial 19.8%

Table NC-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

826 970 181.5

1 002 219 206.1

1 345 155 264.6

1 463 000 263.7

1 671 264 284.1

1 801 546 288.1

2 087 652 314.9

2 393 769 333.1

2 668 806 331.6

2 590 457 316.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

28.5 7.0 36.5 28.0

26.1 8.9 37.2 27.9

25.6 11.6 35.7 27.1

24.0 12.2 34.9 29.0

24.1 12.9 36.5 26.6

23.6 15.1 34.0 27.3

22.8 16.6 34.9 25.7

23.8 17.2 33.8 25.2

24.6 19.1 30.0 26.4

24.7 19.8 28.7 26.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

231 342 47 032 419 419 0 53 782 73 725 0 1 670

325 866 78 245 496 338 0 56 294 67 314 0 -21 837

491 383 154 856 620 585 0 45 896 65 900 0 -33 466

476 522 116 889 639 452 15 477 73 417 66 411 0 74 832

624 696 155 156 667 880 62 997 56 992 71 876 0 31 667

550 505 138 375 699 989 205 037 42 766 90 772 0 74 103

568 300 166 745 732 487 274 130 72 809 100 948 288 171 946

662 876 212 010 836 201 377 308 58 656 108 963 318 137 437

786 127 240 730 963 838 408 054 33 112 93 783 335 142 826

756 545 215 600 949 615 394 673 26 409 92 063 345 155 207

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 906 300 375

3 998 300 721

8 585 800 1 460

10 828 900 1 732

12 630 100 1 905

14 401 100 2 004

19 254 000 2 392

18 865 000 2 302

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.00 2.35 2.57 1.03 2.52

4.06 5.03 5.13 2.90 4.27

7.93 9.49 8.46 5.21 9.35

9.34 13.44 12.51 6.99 8.62

9.58 16.03 13.42 5.89 9.10

9.40 16.06 13.75 5.77 8.49

11.34 17.54 14.77 6.95 11.00

11.43 18.62 15.41 7.10 10.35

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

367

NORTH CAROLINA

Table NC-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

16 576 316

100.0

1 940.8

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

7 269 203 4 351 823 2 917 380 212 224 432 975 1 272 611 319 731 624 602

43.9 26.3 17.6 1.3 2.6 7.7 1.9 3.8

851.1 509.5 341.6 24.8 50.7 149.0 37.4 73.1

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

1 017 247 337 740 440 180 131 728

6.1 2.0 2.7 0.8

119.1 39.5 51.5 15.4

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

8 289 866 7 250 837 837 085 145 109

50.0 43.7 5.0 0.9

970.6 848.9 98.0 17.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States North Carolina

2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were both below the national average in 2003; North Carolina ranked 35th in the nation for both measures. Spending per capita on education and health fell significantly below average, while outlays on highways and police protection were above the national averages. Taxation relied primarily on individual income tax collections, general sales, and motor fuel taxes. While total per capita taxes were below average, per capita individual income taxes amounted to $849, which was the 14th highest amount in the nation. North Carolina’s debt per person was $1,442, which was among the lowest in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table NC-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

30 171 034 10 278 725 15 848 650 4 005 124 2 746 998 937 372 7 089 142 898 369 171 645 2 560 135 1 483 524

100.0 34.1 52.5 13.3 9.1 3.1 23.5 3.0 0.6 8.5 4.9

3 582.8 1 220.6 1 882.0 475.6 326.2 111.3 841.8 106.7 20.4 304.0 176.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

30 428 323 10 356 152 20 072 171

100.0 34.0 66.0

3 613.4 1 229.8 2 383.6

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

12 376 047 7 813 094 1 052 927 1 026 171 2 722 986 359 016 942 711 563 816 130 528 766 185 446 717 2 228 125

40.7 25.7 3.5 3.4 8.9 1.2 3.1 1.9 0.4 2.5 1.5 7.3

1 469.7 927.8 125.0 121.9 323.4 42.6 112.0 67.0 15.5 91.0 53.0 264.6

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

12 141 890

X

1 441.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

65 591 853

X

7 789.1

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

368

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table NC-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 5 313

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

80.9 23.4

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 335 954 44.5 4.5 2 245 15.1 6 562

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

5.7

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

449 841 37 272 59.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

North Carolina 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

North Carolina’s educational attainment levels were well below the national averages. In 2004, about 81 percent of the state’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, ranking 47th in the nation. Just over 23 percent of the population age 25 years and over held bachelor’s degrees or more, which also ranked among the 10 lowest proportions in the nation. North Carolina’s per student expenditures were $6,562 and ranked 40th in the nation. The state’s dropout rate of 5.7 percent ranked 11th among the 46 states reporting such data. The student/teacher ratio was slightly below the national average.

Voter turnout was below average for the 2000 election, but nearly identical to the national average for the 2004 election. Just 8.2 percent of eligible Hispanics voted in 2004. For non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks, participation rates were close to 62 percent. Persons age 65 to 74 years had the highest voter turnout, while less than 39 percent of voters age 18 to 24 years cast ballots in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 56 percent of North Carolina’s voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in both the 2000 and 2004 elections.

Table NC-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

5 629 2 626 3 003

5 335 2 442 2 893

94.8 93.0 96.3

3 720 1 693 2 026

66.1 64.5 67.5

2 995 1 361 1 633

53.2 51.8 54.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

6 250 2 979 3 271

5 923 2 806 3 117

94.8 94.2 95.3

4 292 1 958 2 334

68.7 65.7 71.3

3 639 1 626 2 013

58.2 54.6 61.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

4 709 4 408 1 241 125 327 4 750 4 449 1 259 130

4 461 4 355 1 213 85 109 4 502 4 396 1 230 89

94.7 98.8 97.7 67.6 33.4 94.8 98.8 97.7 68.7

3 268 3 227 874 43 44 3 296 3 255 887 47

69.4 73.2 70.4 34.4 13.4 69.4 73.2 70.4 36.5

2 736 2 713 784 43 27 2 758 2 735 792 47

58.1 61.5 63.1 34.4 8.2 58.1 61.5 62.9 36.5

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

808 2 430 1 938 610 463

729 2 233 1 901 606 454

90.2 91.9 98.1 99.3 98.1

419 1 589 1 439 491 353

51.9 65.4 74.3 80.5 76.3

310 1 327 1 261 446 295

38.4 54.6 65.1 73.1 63.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

NORTH DAKOTA At a Glance: •

North Dakota’s population was estimated to be 634,366 in 2004. Only the District of Columbia, Vermont, and Wyoming had fewer residents. Over 91 percent of the population was non-Hispanic White. About 5 percent of North Dakota’s residents were American Indian, which was the sixth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Less than 22 percent of North Dakota’s population was under 18 years old, and the state had the fourth highest proportion of population over 65 years old. The state’s median household income ranked 42nd in the nation, but its poverty rate was well below the national average. The unemployment rate in 2004 was 3.3 percent, the second lowest in the country. Real gross state product was the nation’s smallest, but its growth rate from 2001 to 2004 was the 13th highest in the nation. North Dakota had the second lowest dropout rate of the 46 states reporting such data.

•

• • • • •

Table ND-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

638 800 0.3

642 200 0.2

634 366 0.2

X X

-0.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

318 201 320 599

320 524 321 676

316 631 317 735

49.9 50.1

-0.3 -0.3

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

47 845 127 540 110 472 463 415 67 853 194 035 91 055 11 240

39 400 121 449 481 351 73 118 174 891 138 864 94 478 14 726

35 754 103 201 495 411 76 665 165 758 159 817 93 171 16 413

5.6 16.3 78.1 12.1 26.1 25.2 14.7 2.6

-2.2 -1.5 0.5 0.8 -1.1 2.7 0.2 2.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.3

36.2

37.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States 1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1

North Dakota

0.5 0.1 0.0 -0.2

-0.3

-0.5 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

North Dakota’s population declined by 1.2 percent between 2000 and 2004. It was the only state to lose residents. (The District of Columbia also experienced a population loss during this period.) Vermont, which currently has fewer residents, is projected to surpass North Dakota in population by 2010. The major reason for North Dakota’s population loss was the migration of nearly 18,000 residents to other locations. Many of these migrants were younger, resulting in the state having an above average proportion of older residents. North Dakota added about 3,000 people from other countries, which was the third smallest influx of foreign immigrants in the nation.

369

370

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ND-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

638 800

642 200

634 366

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

94.2 0.5 4.1 0.5 0.3 ...

91.9 0.6 4.8 0.6 ... 0.9

91.1 0.7 5.1 0.7 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.7

1.2

1.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

9

Percent

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 6

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

3 Two or more races 0

1,000

North Dakota 750

500

250

0

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH

Cause

(Number, rate, percent.) U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

7 972 12.6 26.8

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.8

6.9

761.8 724.4 ... 1 438.4 ... ...

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.2 9.6 7.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

(Number, rate per 100,000 population.)

Table ND-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 State

All causes

Table ND-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002

Just 11.2 percent of North Dakota’s population lacked health insurance, which partly reflected the state’s low unemployment rate and the relatively large proportion of population over 65 years old (which was covered by Medicare). The state’s age-adjusted death rate was the third lowest in the nation.

Item

United States

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

5 932

761.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

2 331 1 343 308 244 204 163 242 104 58 41 79 49 58 19 62 9 57 * * 11 * 8

287.1 182.2 39.9 34.7 26.4 18.9 27.5 15.7 7.0 5.4 12.4 7.8 8.6 2.9 9.4 1.6 6.9 * * 1.3 * 1.3

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

NORTH DAKOTA

371

Table ND-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

240 878 166 270 142 374 23 896 6 373 17 523 74 608 63 953 10 655

257 152 166 150 137 433 28 717 8 569 20 148 91 002 75 420 15 582

262 585 166 312 136 049 30 263 10 553 19 710 96 273 79 849 16 424

0.5 0.0 -0.3 1.3 5.3 -0.5 1.4 1.4 1.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.55 276 340 240 878 157 950 82 928

2.41 289 677 257 152 171 299 85 853

2.32 300 815 262 585 178 727 83 858

X 0.9 0.5 1.1 -0.6

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

313 50 500

412 74 400

466 84 354

3.1 3.2

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000

750

Dollars

Dollars

North Dakota 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States North Dakota

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table ND-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 261 41 496 38 025 38 195 39 484

9.7 9.7 11.6 13.8 10.4

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

37 023 35 072 37 158 37 723 35 805 35 652 36 197 35 570 35 019 35 406

13.1 15.1 13.6 11.0 12.0 10.4 11.2 12.1 14.5 13.7

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

37 115 36 964 35 900 35 367 35 505 35 938 ... ... ... ...

12.2 11.6 11.4 13.5 15.9 15.4 15.0 12.9 14.2 15.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

372

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ND-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

497 40 51 77 83 98 64 83

359 22 43 68 75 87 47 15

72.3 56.0 83.9 88.5 90.6 89.3 73.9 18.3

347 20 40 66 74 86 47 15

3.4 10.9 7.6 3.6 2.0 2.1 1.5 1.3

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

245 21 27 39 41 50 31

189 12 23 37 39 46 25

77.1 56.2 84.9 94.7 94.3 91.6 79.5

181 10 20 35 38 44 25

4.2 13.2 10.1 4.2 1.9 3.0 1.5

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

252 19 25 38 42 48 33

170 11 20 31 37 42 23

67.6 55.7 82.8 82.1 87.0 86.9 68.7

166 10 19 30 36 41 22

2.5 8.3 4.8 2.9 2.0 1.0 1.5

143 144 19

113 105 15

79.0 72.6 75.7

111 103 14

1.7 1.6 4.4

465 229 236

339 178 161

73.0 77.8 68.3

330 172 157

2.9 3.4 2.3

36 47 69 77 92 62 82

21 40 63 71 83 46 15

58.3 86.0 90.9 91.6 90.5 74.6 18.5

19 38 61 70 82 46 15

9.4 6.6 3.1 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women .................................................. RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table ND-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

354 325 351 467 348 758 346 497 346 855

342 221 338 809 336 430 336 939 336 925

12 104 12 658 12 328 9 558 9 930

3.4 3.6 3.5 2.8 2.9

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

347 634 347 020 345 855 345 068 342 559 340 030 323 208 320 263 318 866 318 795

336 481 336 642 335 854 334 086 331 252 327 377 308 915 305 056 305 007 305 935

11 153 10 378 10 001 10 982 11 307 12 653 14 293 15 207 13 859 12 860

3.2 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.7 4.4 4.7 4.3 4.0

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

North Dakota

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

NORTH DAKOTA

373

Table ND-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

448 897 37 682 411 215 333 807 4 186 4 282 3 437 23 285 25 253 16 618 8 635 19 606 51 888 13 458 9 302 19 775 9 437 14 762 3 016 16 311 4 325 52 472 5 871 28 753 24 388 77 408

451 242 37 667 413 575 334 582 4 643 3 895 3 419 22 479 25 032 16 384 8 648 19 153 52 177 13 567 8 594 20 237 9 338 14 788 3 116 16 204 4 732 52 715 6 248 29 015 25 230 78 993

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

25 365 27 634 25 329 25 237 16 227 48 304 56 585 31 879 31 561 32 689 29 365 33 204 18 202 33 957 32 182 34 055 17 869 33 189 44 834 16 388 18 837 26 928 11 605 9 624 16 718 25 646

26 269 27 048 26 258 25 968 16 827 48 970 57 913 31 845 32 446 33 762 29 910 34 455 18 781 33 962 34 190 34 853 18 873 35 647 44 813 17 300 18 779 28 167 12 304 9 957 17 233 27 233

453 699 35 385 418 314 338 156 4 371 4 150 3 395 23 770 24 733 16 072 8 661 19 127 52 799 13 489 8 424 20 498 9 443 15 444 3 057 15 487 4 964 53 927 6 336 29 196 25 546 80 158

463 652 35 876 427 776 347 258 4 426 4 457 3 393 25 231 25 920 17 072 8 848 19 602 53 626 13 733 8 444 20 792 9 817 16 104 3 113 16 179 5 207 54 643 6 565 29 987 26 019 80 518

1.1 -1.6 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.3 -0.4 2.7 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.0 1.1 0.7 -3.2 1.7 1.3 2.9 1.1 -0.3 6.4 1.4 3.8 1.4 2.2 1.3

28 731 30 440 28 712 28 416 18 127 52 673 66 640 34 250 35 849 37 436 32 741 38 330 19 807 36 722 40 262 38 629 21 066 36 695 51 790 18 878 20 447 30 707 12 467 10 449 18 450 29 715

4.2 3.3 4.3 4.0 3.8 2.9 5.6 2.4 4.3 4.6 3.7 4.9 2.9 2.6 7.8 4.3 5.6 3.4 4.9 4.8 2.8 4.5 2.4 2.8 3.3 5.0

Dollars 27 401 27 355 27 402 27 050 17 029 50 724 62 057 32 523 34 041 35 652 31 008 36 100 19 278 35 037 37 202 36 657 19 896 35 988 46 914 17 924 19 559 29 121 12 568 10 259 18 152 28 574

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET North Dakota’s unemployment rate has been below the national average for many years. Combined with the state’s high labor force participation rate, this suggested that residents who sought jobs were successful. Employment grew by 3.3 percent during the 2001–2004 period, which was among the top 15 rates in the nation. The state’s largest employers were government, health care, and tourism-related industries (accommodation and food services). North Dakota was one of two states that experienced gains in manufacturing employment after the 2001 recession. Average wages and salaries were substantially below the national average, although their growth rate of 13.3 percent from 2001 to 2004 was the fourth highest in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

17.4%

Government and government enterprises Health care and social assistance

39.5% 11.8%

Retail trade Farm employment Accommodation and food services

11.6% 5.6%

6.5%

7.7%

Other services, except public administration Other

374

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table ND-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

3 837 3 194 611 32 -478 510 448 -153 3 235 1 216 723 5 174 5 574 -400

7 465 4 957 1 162 1 347 656 690 908 -194 6 363 2 231 1 573 10 166 9 421 745

12 322 8 425 1 929 1 967 817 1 151 1 503 -428 10 391 3 244 2 462 16 097 15 144 953

12 601 8 833 2 008 1 760 377 1 383 1 559 -461 10 581 3 352 2 531 16 465 15 933 532

12 953 9 169 2 244 1 540 220 1 320 1 632 -488 10 833 3 256 2 675 16 764 16 405 359

14 493 9 621 2 475 2 397 1 045 1 352 1 732 -515 12 246 3 204 2 744 18 194 17 044 1 150

14 808 10 294 2 727 1 787 306 1 481 1 841 -562 12 405 3 289 2 860 18 553 18 116 437

4.7 5.1 9.0 -2.4 -21.8 6.5 5.2 X 4.5 0.3 3.8 3.6 4.6 -17.7

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

7 907

15 943

25 106

25 876

26 450

28 725

29 247

3.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States North Dakota

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) increased by 11.7 percent over the 2001–2004 period. However, from 2003 to 2004, the GSP growth rate slowed to 2.1 percent, which was well below the national growth rate of 4.3 percent. Gains in many industries, such as wholesale and retail trade, durable goods manufacturing, and information services, were largely offset by a significant decrease in the agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting sector from 2003 to 2004. Housing values have increased moderately in recent years, but at a rate below the national average. In 2004, the value of owner-occupied housing in North Dakota was $84,354, among the lowest in the country.

Table ND-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

17 032 0.2

18 066 0.2

17 578 0.2

18 076 0.2

18 198 0.2

19 037 0.2

19 909 0.2

20 335 0.2

3.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

14 162 808 416 480 873 1 695 10.0 1 255 1 343 769 458 834 1 445 3 831 22.5 634 182 291 75 1 549 106 500 494 2 882 16.9

15 224 1 105 430 512 899 2 001 11.1 1 351 1 372 751 495 953 1 468 3 823 21.2 658 177 295 71 1 539 96 511 476 2 846 15.8

14 985 779 450 523 967 1 819 10.3 1 383 1 399 757 542 1 028 1 507 3 846 21.9 667 169 308 76 1 558 97 506 465 2 591 14.7

15 263 979 426 479 844 1 828 10.1 1 389 1 433 853 556 1 155 1 522 3 801 21.0 598 185 298 77 1 592 92 506 453 2 814 15.6

15 348 847 382 473 783 1 902 10.5 1 503 1 515 779 599 1 151 1 617 3 812 20.9 642 158 308 73 1 611 96 482 442 2 850 15.7

16 119 1 170 433 516 740 2 009 10.6 1 571 1 597 736 639 1 232 1 584 3 913 20.6 679 162 324 73 1 648 110 485 432 2 920 15.3

16 898 1 409 375 535 779 2 121 10.7 1 630 1 708 780 717 1 253 1 570 4 061 20.4 757 166 321 72 1 697 110 496 442 3 014 15.1

17 197 866 378 568 839 2 309 11.4 1 716 1 798 811 827 1 343 1 644 4 228 20.8 802 176 340 72 1 748 110 513 467 3 137 15.4

3.9 0.7 -0.4 6.3 2.3 6.7 X 4.5 5.9 1.4 11.4 5.3 0.6 3.5 X 7.7 3.7 3.3 -0.5 2.8 4.6 2.1 1.9 3.2 X

X = Not applicable.

NORTH DAKOTA

375

Table ND-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

676

1 487

2 322

2 378

2 540

2 616

2 732

4.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

372 332 23 17 *

809 653 39 116 *

1 142 973 50 119 *

1 142 1 022 51 69 *

1 165 1 056 52 56 *

1 196 1 082 53 61 *

1 239 1 121 54 64 *

2.1 3.6 1.6 -14.3 X

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

161 111 48 2

467 254 206 6

880 429 437 14

913 472 422 19

1 005 501 478 25

1 017 525 471 21

1 094 569 500 26

5.6 7.3 3.4 17.3

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

51 10 16 10 16

95 18 24 26 27

153 32 24 26 71

156 33 20 28 75

172 34 23 32 83

199 34 30 38 97

206 35 24 41 105

7.7 2.5 0.3 12.7 10.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

38

25

33

36

60

59

45

8.0

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

34

42

61

65

72

78

85

8.7

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

15

34

32

44

49

42

45

8.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

5

15

21

22

18

23

17

-5.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000. X = Not applicable.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of North Dakota’s exports totaled $1 billion in 2004, ranking the state as one of the nation’s smallest exporters. The state’s exports increased by 25 percent from 2001 to 2004, as oil and gas extraction and processed food exports rose significantly. In 2004, the state’s largest exports were machinery manufactures, crops, and processed foods, which together totaled threelst quarters of the state’s exports. Canada accounted for 47.6 percent of North Dakota’s exports; Belgium and Australia had lesser shares. Exports to Australia have tripled since 2001, with machinery manufactures making up nearly all of exports to this country.

Machinery 49.5%

Crops 13.9%

Processed foods 13.2%

Other 12.5% Oil and gas 3.1%

Transportation equipment 7.8%

Table ND-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

806 632 150 24

859 645 193 22

854 626 202 26

1 008 804 179 25

100.0 79.8 17.8 2.5

7.7 8.3 6.1 1.6

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Crop production (111) ............................................................ Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Oil and gas extraction (211) ...................................................

401 129 87 75 10

425 175 106 57 10

405 172 106 53 20

499 140 133 79 32

49.5 13.9 13.2 7.8 3.1

7.5 2.8 15.4 1.5 45.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Belgium .................................................................................. Australia ................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Italy ........................................................................................

766 394 156 25 38 30

827 440 158 47 39 27

802 476 101 47 32 22

954 480 101 77 47 41

94.6 47.6 10.0 7.6 4.7 4.1

7.6 6.8 -13.5 45.0 7.3 11.3

376

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table ND-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 32 348 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 39 678 169 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

30 619 39 294 879

1 227

1 283

7.1 31.7 61.2

6.7 36.5 56.8

495 730 406 108 745

517 448 404 124 298

2 908 049 2 229 835 678 214 89 899

3 233 366 2 460 372 772 994 105 600

27.8 45.1 27.0

38.5 32.7 28.8

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

274 621 83.5

293 067 78.0

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

72.3

70.7

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $3.2 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented only a small increase from the previous farm census in 1997. The state’s chief agricultural product was wheat. Unlike many other states, farming tended to be large-scale: more than 60 percent of farms had sales of $10,000 or more, and over 70 percent of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. Just 6.7 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the smallest proportion of farms this size in the nation. ENERGY North Dakota had the lowest energy prices in the country. However, the state’s cold climate helped to increase per capita energy consumption, which ranked fourth in the nation in 2001. Expenditures per person were also the fourth highest in the country. The chief energy sources were coal and petroleum. The industrial sector accounted for almost half of the state’s energy consumption.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 600

Trillion of Btu

Residential 15.0%

Transportation 21.6%

400 200 0 -200 -400

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Commercial 13.6%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 49.8%

Table ND-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

159 636 252.6

169 618 261.4

191 062 309.3

206 451 323.1

223 221 342.0

303 330 448.1

314 540 492.4

353 387 550.8

382 835 596.1

406 879 639.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.6 7.8 46.5 26.1

18.2 9.8 44.1 27.9

20.2 11.2 40.2 28.4

20.5 13.9 35.0 30.5

22.7 15.0 29.8 32.5

18.4 13.0 46.0 22.6

16.9 12.8 49.7 20.7

16.6 13.0 49.8 20.6

15.8 12.9 50.3 21.1

15.0 13.6 49.8 21.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

30 531 27 356 101 870 0 11 407 473 0 -12 000

24 746 32 437 107 106 0 26 105 333 -2 -21 107

57 471 33 731 115 285 0 29 536 386 1 000 -46 347

67 943 36 862 116 763 0 34 806 456 3 979 -54 358

163 322 24 037 126 840 0 26 107 2 933 9 726 -129 744

301 957 29 838 118 180 0 22 699 2 803 9 025 -181 172

374 518 33 529 111 999 0 17 799 1 862 151 -225 319

399 755 47 689 114 329 0 25 341 2 739 2 638 -239 104

424 568 58 513 119 727 0 21 652 2 377 2 442 -246 445

419 791 62 583 138 033 0 13 553 2 124 2 206 -231 411

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

290 400 470

543 500 851

1 246 300 1 909

1 647 500 2 434

1 582 400 2 477

1 588 000 2 475

2 076 600 3 234

2 243 200 3 526

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.99 2.52 1.77 1.55 2.19

3.49 3.94 2.23 3.18 3.95

7.33 7.50 5.36 6.02 8.74

7.07 10.15 8.64 4.95 8.66

6.57 10.10 8.84 4.03 9.31

5.99 9.97 8.81 3.30 8.74

7.43 11.72 10.19 4.09 11.59

7.53 12.47 11.06 4.34 10.98

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

NORTH DAKOTA

377

Table ND-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 228 890

100.0

1 938.3

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

1 478

0.1

2.3

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

666 738 367 304 299 434 10 079 30 928 118 744 34 098 21 167 75 923

54.3 29.9 24.4 0.8 2.5 9.7 2.8 1.7 6.2

1 051.6 579.3 472.3 15.9 48.8 187.3 53.8 33.4 119.8

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

118 377 12 838 54 707 46 226

9.6 1.0 4.5 3.8

186.7 20.2 86.3 72.9

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

442 297 213 982 49 807 175 625

36.0 17.4 4.1 14.3

697.6 337.5 78.6 277.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States North Dakota

2,000

Dollars

Per capita state revenues and expenditures were well above the U.S. average in 2003. North Dakota had the eighth highest revenues per person. Per capita spending was below average on public welfare, hospitals, and education, but nearly twice the national average on highways. In fiscal year 2004, taxes per person were slightly below average, ranking 28th in the country. The state’s per capita individual income taxes were the second lowest of the 43 states with such taxes. The state derived a significant amount of revenue from severance (taxes paid on the removal of natural resources). These taxes were prevalent among many western states.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table ND-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

3 035 526 1 128 029 1 177 727 360 831 288 775 102 750 199 390 55 989 169 992 509 411 220 359

100.0 37.2 38.8 11.9 9.5 3.4 6.6 1.8 5.6 16.8 7.3

4 795.5 1 782.0 1 860.6 570.0 456.2 162.3 315.0 88.4 268.6 804.8 348.1

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

2 897 516 606 096 2 291 420

100.0 20.9 79.1

4 577.4 957.5 3 619.9

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 021 351 651 385 43 184 49 426 365 282 12 645 44 526 129 769 17 302 108 038 85 195 369 413

35.2 22.5 1.5 1.7 12.6 0.4 1.5 4.5 0.6 3.7 2.9 12.7

1 613.5 1 029.0 68.2 78.1 577.1 20.0 70.3 205.0 27.3 170.7 134.6 583.6

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

1 599 233

X

2 526.4

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

6 904 921

X

10 908.2

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

378

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Educational Attainment, 2004

Table ND-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

100 Item

State

United States

U.S.

North Dakota 414

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

89.5 25.2

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

104 225 28.3 1.6 528 12.7 6 870

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.0

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

46 068 4 882 52.7

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

North Dakota’s proportion of high school graduates among its population age 25 years and over was the 12th highest in the nation in 2004. The proportion of college graduates within the same age group fell short of the national average, ranking 30th in the nation. North Dakota’s student/teacher ratio was among the five lowest in the nation, which was partly due to the state’s low proportion of student-age population. Per student expenditures of $6,820 were well below the national average, ranking 38th in the nation. The state’s dropout rate of just 2.0 percent was the second lowest of the 46 states reporting such data.

Voter turnout was the highest in the country for the 2000 election and the fourth highest for the 2004 election. More than 88.5 percent of North Dakota’s eligible population was registered to vote, which was the highest proportion in the nation. In 2004, 70.8 percent of eligible residents turned out to vote. The proportion of male voters dropped slightly from 2000 to 2004, but the proportion of female voters increased nearly 3 percentage points. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 60.7 percent of the state’s voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion increased to 62.9 percent in 2004.

Table ND-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

449 222 228

445 219 226

99.0 98.9 99.2

409 202 208

91.1 91.0 91.2

313 155 159

69.8 69.7 69.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

466 228 238

462 226 235

99.1 99.3 98.8

412 199 213

88.5 87.6 89.3

330 158 172

70.8 69.2 72.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination ....................................

443 439 3 6 447 442 4

440 436 3 6 444 439 4

99.4 99.4 B B 99.3 99.3 B

393 390 2 4 397 393 3

88.8 89.0 B B 88.7 89.0 B

318 317 1 2 321 319 2

71.9 72.3 B B 71.8 72.2 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

77 144 164 33 47

75 143 163 33 47

B 99.2 99.4 B B

62 129 147 30 44

B 89.6 89.7 B B

39 100 126 27 38

B 69.3 77.0 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

OHIO At a Glance: •

Ohio’s population was close to 11.5 million in 2004, making it the seventh most populous state in the nation; however, the state’s rate of population growth from 2000 to 2004 ranked among the five lowest in the country. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 83.3 percent of the population; the next largest racial group was Blacks, who represented 11.7 percent of the state’s residents. Ohio’s median household income of less than $43,000 was below the national average. The state’s poverty rate of 11.4 percent was also below the national average. The state’s unemployment rate was 6.1 percent in 2004, which was the 10th highest in the country. Economic activity was severely impacted by the 2001 recession, and it recovered very slowly. However, in 2004, Ohio’s gross state product was the seventh largest in the nation. Just 11.4 percent of Ohio’s population lacked health insurance, which was among the lowest proportions in the nation. The state had an above average proportion of residents age 25 years and over that had graduated from high school, but a below average proportion that had graduated from college.

• • • • • •

Table OH-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

10 847 115 4.4

11 353 140 4.0

11 459 011 3.9

X X

0.2 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

5 226 340 5 620 775

5 512 262 5 840 878

5 580 635 5 878 376

48.7 51.3

0.3 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

785 149 2 014 595 2 092 949 8 047 371 1 136 418 3 411 043 1 406 961 138 030

754 930 2 133 409 8 464 801 1 056 544 3 325 210 2 575 290 1 507 757 176 796

730 035 2 049 177 8 679 799 1 127 662 3 147 813 2 879 408 1 524 916 208 433

6.4 17.9 75.7 9.8 27.5 25.1 13.3 1.8

-0.6 0.1 0.5 -0.1 -0.6 2.3 0.6 3.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.3

36.2

37.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States

1.2 1.1

Ohio 1.0

0.9

0.5

0.5

0.2 0.0

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Ohio’s population increased by only 0.9 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was the fourth lowest growth rate in the nation; however, it was similar to those of its neighbors, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. From 2000 to 2004, the state lost over 133,000 residents to other locations. During this period, 64,000 people moved into Ohio from other countries. As out-migration tended to occur more frequently among younger people, the proportion of older residents in Ohio was higher than the national average. In 2004, 13.3 percent of the state’s population was age 65 years and over, compared with 12.4 percent nationally.

379

380

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OH-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

10 847 115

11 353 140

11 459 011

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

87.1 10.6 0.2 0.8 0.5 ...

84.2 11.5 0.2 1.2 ... 1.0

83.3 11.7 0.2 1.4 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.3

1.9

2.2

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

18

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

12

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

6

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Ohio’s birth rate was below the national average. The state’s infant mortality rate was well above average, and its age-adjusted death rate for all causes was the 15th highest in the country. The state’s health insurance coverage rate was better than those of most other states. Table OH-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

149 679 13.1 39.4

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.7

6.9

910.9 888.9 1 143.2 ... 404.6 587.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.4 7.5 5.2

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Ohio

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table OH-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

108 639

910.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

41 982 24 988 5 976 3 832 3 762 2 474 2 420 1 461 1 923 1 535 1 198 996 1 023 819 590 512 571 233 139 224 116 130

350.5 209.4 49.8 33.1 31.5 20.6 20.1 12.8 16.0 12.8 10.4 8.7 8.7 7.2 5.0 4.5 4.8 2.1 1.2 1.9 1.0 1.1

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

OHIO

381

Table OH-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

4 087 546 2 895 223 2 294 111 601 112 123 042 478 070 1 192 323 1 020 450 171 873

4 445 773 2 993 023 2 285 798 707 225 170 347 536 878 1 452 750 1 215 614 237 136

4 514 723 3 003 551 2 253 641 749 910 172 983 576 927 1 511 172 1 291 223 219 949

0.4 0.1 -0.4 1.5 0.4 1.8 1.0 1.5 -1.9

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.59 4 371 945 4 087 546 2 758 149 1 329 397

2.49 4 783 051 4 445 773 3 072 522 1 373 251

2.47 4 966 746 4 514 723 3 150 213 1 364 510

X 0.9 0.4 0.6 -0.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

379 62 900

515 103 700

587 122 384

3.3 4.2

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Ohio

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Ohio

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table OH-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, numbers in thousands, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 954 44 690 44 835 44 589 47 125

11.6 10.9 9.8 10.5 10.0

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 761 45 050 42 408 40 839 43 008 40 162 40 274 41 435 40 291 42 061

12.0 11.2 11.0 12.7 11.5 14.1 13.0 12.5 13.4 11.5

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 693 42 561 40 984 41 298 42 151 40 007 ... ... ... ...

10.6 12.4 12.7 12.8 12.8 13.5 13.4 12.8 12.7 9.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

382

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OH-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

8 828 656 774 1 446 1 648 1 674 1 195 1 436

5 884 344 614 1 215 1 408 1 351 745 207

66.6 52.4 79.3 84.0 85.4 80.7 62.3 14.4

5 514 287 547 1 129 1 339 1 296 715 199

6.3 16.3 10.8 7.1 4.9 4.1 3.9 3.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 225 324 391 704 819 802 564 622

3 105 161 323 657 765 699 386 115

73.5 49.9 82.5 93.3 93.5 87.2 68.5 18.4

2 900 136 287 610 723 664 371 110

6.6 16.1 11.2 7.2 5.5 4.9 3.8 4.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 603 332 382 742 830 872 631 814

2 778 182 291 558 643 652 359 92

60.4 54.9 76.2 75.2 77.5 74.8 56.8 11.4

2 613 152 261 520 616 631 344 89

5.9 16.6 10.4 7.0 4.2 3.2 4.1 3.2

2 378 2 338 537

1 823 1 423 380

76.7 60.9 70.8

1 757 1 375 347

3.6 3.4 8.8

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

7 657 3 694 3 963

5 110 2 740 2 370

66.7 74.2 59.8

4 833 2 583 2 250

5.4 5.7 5.1

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

924 411 513

599 269 330

64.8 65.4 64.3

521 228 293

13.0 15.1 11.3

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

130 62 68

95 52 43

72.8 83.8 62.8

90 49 41

5.1 5.6 4.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

206 119 87

156 101 55

75.7 84.7 63.3

147 95 52

5.7 6.1 4.9

1 201 1 443 1 445 1 071

1 020 1 240 1 181 675

84.9 85.9 81.7 63.0

961 1 181 1 139 650

5.8 4.8 3.5 3.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table OH-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

15.0 United States

5 884 809 5 869 340 5 835 503 5 829 334 5 804 554

5 523 037 5 506 038 5 500 016 5 570 389 5 570 928

361 772 363 302 335 487 258 945 233 626

6.1 6.2 5.7 4.4 4.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

5 780 725 5 736 734 5 712 616 5 660 805 5 604 444 5 568 173 5 509 715 5 475 129 5 401 245 5 389 113

5 534 376 5 488 877 5 448 161 5 378 491 5 330 591 5 254 199 5 138 818 5 072 649 5 045 897 5 079 472

246 349 247 857 264 455 282 314 273 853 313 974 370 897 402 480 355 348 309 641

4.3 4.3 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.6 6.7 7.4 6.6 5.7

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

12.0 Ohio

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

OHIO

383

Table OH-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

6 759 196 99 172 6 660 024 5 825 149 11 427 21 786 24 933 359 857 975 205 685 274 289 931 265 710 789 734 215 612 119 264 295 652 193 938 359 696 88 770 380 848 110 320 699 466 115 471 436 978 360 482 834 875

6 690 747 96 362 6 594 385 5 747 923 12 687 19 949 22 581 353 240 905 038 623 578 281 460 256 013 774 812 211 198 111 851 299 853 195 124 350 567 94 729 378 605 113 752 717 793 118 150 439 227 372 754 846 462

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

32 647 18 127 32 693 32 595 18 236 47 139 58 207 37 393 42 546 43 764 39 652 45 265 21 164 35 039 46 460 45 914 27 641 47 565 63 994 21 403 22 589 31 277 22 729 11 829 20 653 33 264

33 548 20 987 33 580 33 376 18 773 46 990 61 642 38 028 43 989 45 257 41 165 46 182 21 878 36 040 45 777 46 957 28 765 48 196 69 736 22 358 23 206 32 249 23 030 12 078 21 236 34 733

6 681 398 95 797 6 585 601 5 736 908 11 656 21 242 21 987 356 654 865 669 592 202 273 467 251 872 770 079 208 908 109 306 302 980 201 765 351 541 96 532 378 882 117 080 735 980 117 786 445 206 371 783 848 693

6 732 896 95 208 6 637 688 5 787 928 11 785 21 808 21 063 362 072 847 046 581 179 265 867 251 814 767 899 213 449 105 916 304 338 209 502 354 960 95 659 398 374 121 494 751 972 119 213 454 126 375 438 849 760

-0.1 -1.4 -0.1 -0.2 1.0 0.0 -5.5 0.2 -4.6 -5.3 -2.8 -1.8 -0.9 -0.3 -3.9 1.0 2.6 -0.4 2.5 1.5 3.3 2.4 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.6

35 800 26 454 35 826 35 603 20 227 51 285 65 268 39 215 47 458 49 058 43 951 49 936 22 759 38 283 48 972 52 379 31 258 51 629 80 103 24 031 24 679 34 455 23 392 12 445 22 738 37 077

3.1 13.4 3.1 3.0 3.5 2.8 3.9 1.6 3.7 3.9 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.0 1.8 4.5 4.2 2.8 7.8 3.9 3.0 3.3 1.0 1.7 3.3 3.7

Dollars 34 501 21 173 34 539 34 289 19 005 48 259 65 187 38 349 45 727 47 243 42 433 47 384 22 458 36 940 46 675 49 559 29 417 49 272 69 828 23 214 24 040 33 129 23 431 12 207 21 886 35 939

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Ohio’s unemployment rate has been higher than the national average for several years, as the state’s industrial base has declined. In 2004, the unemployment rate was 6.1 percent, which was higher than that of neighboring Indiana but lower than that of Michigan, which had a similar employment profile. Ohio was one of four states with a net loss in employment from 2001 to 2004. This was largely caused by a sharp decline in the number of manufacturing jobs. Government overtook manufacturing to become the state’s largest employer. Educational services, management, and health care had high rates of employment growth from 2001 to 2004. Ohio’s average wages and salaries were below the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004 12.6% Government and government enterprises 12.6%

39.6%

Manufacturing Retail trade Health care and social assistance

11.4%

Accommodation and food services Administrative and waste services

5.9%

6.7%

11.2%

Other

384

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OH-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

85 750 66 589 12 799 6 362 375 5 987 7 615 -153 77 983 16 735 13 783 108 500 107 952 549

152 807 115 689 24 263 12 855 882 11 973 16 872 -1 079 134 856 40 065 28 709 203 630 202 492 1 138

244 121 186 214 36 302 21 604 593 21 011 25 426 -1 526 217 168 57 209 46 161 320 538 319 630 908

247 277 187 826 38 098 21 353 304 21 049 26 189 -1 405 219 684 55 602 50 337 325 623 324 970 653

254 049 189 858 42 983 21 208 -77 21 284 26 363 -1 436 226 250 53 187 53 682 333 120 332 882 238

263 305 193 629 47 448 22 228 305 21 923 27 026 -1 441 234 838 51 246 56 340 342 424 341 766 658

274 040 201 274 48 888 23 878 271 23 608 28 248 -1 463 244 329 53 133 59 312 356 774 356 073 701

2.9 2.0 7.7 2.5 -17.8 3.0 2.7 X 3.0 -1.8 6.5 2.7 2.7 -6.3

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 046

18 743

28 207

28 594

29 194

29 938

31 135

2.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Ohio

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Economic activity in Ohio was severely impacted by the 2001 recession. Real gross state product (GSP) grew by just 5.4 percent from 2001 to 2004, the 6th lowest growth rate in the nation. The GSP growth was modest due to small gains in the industrial and service-providing sectors. Mining, construction, educational services, accommodation and food services, and agriculture all suffered significant losses from 2001 to 2004. Housing price appreciation occurred at a rate below the national average. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Ohio ranked 28th in the nation.

Year

Table OH-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

350 603 4.1

362 461 4.0

367 895 3.9

371 228 3.8

365 791 3.7

369 354 3.7

375 740 3.7

385 373 3.6

1.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

312 343 2 081 1 236 7 319 15 763 80 537 23.0 20 886 23 364 10 256 9 109 23 336 35 786 82 810 23.6 16 982 9 036 10 653 2 361 24 754 2 406 7 734 8 884 38 308 10.9

323 880 1 789 1 437 7 258 16 006 84 646 23.4 22 870 24 584 10 693 9 569 24 018 36 418 84 553 23.3 18 107 8 701 10 961 2 391 24 787 2 405 8 073 9 128 38 592 10.6

329 351 1 410 1 403 7 367 16 046 83 019 22.6 23 525 25 511 11 047 10 546 25 186 38 479 85 889 23.3 18 954 8 948 11 065 2 332 25 085 2 622 7 932 8 951 38 541 10.5

331 986 1 815 1 366 7 484 15 453 83 986 22.6 22 675 26 417 11 342 10 260 26 299 39 252 85 635 23.1 19 183 8 470 10 101 2 475 25 695 2 623 8 176 8 912 39 243 10.6

326 309 1 601 1 331 7 403 14 557 76 052 20.8 23 988 27 924 10 672 10 759 26 133 40 613 85 343 23.3 19 477 8 320 9 473 2 382 26 365 2 725 7 968 8 633 39 477 10.8

330 187 1 566 1 184 7 708 14 017 78 107 21.1 24 258 28 898 10 769 10 989 26 244 39 967 86 697 23.5 19 584 8 864 9 865 2 350 26 957 2 710 7 904 8 463 39 179 10.6

336 358 1 869 1 015 8 156 13 647 80 791 21.5 23 423 30 258 11 095 11 567 27 978 38 645 88 362 23.5 20 087 9 150 10 246 2 289 27 581 2 651 7 988 8 370 39 416 10.5

345 286 1 550 985 7 953 13 583 82 161 21.3 23 945 30 831 11 491 12 511 29 543 39 810 91 492 23.7 20 629 9 816 10 780 2 256 28 290 2 589 8 225 8 907 40 118 10.4

1.9 -1.1 -9.5 2.4 -2.3 2.6 X -0.1 3.4 2.5 5.2 4.2 -0.7 2.3 X 1.9 5.7 4.4 -1.8 2.4 -1.7 1.1 1.0 0.5 X

X = Not applicable.

OHIO

385

Table OH-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

13 034

27 334

43 149

46 991

50 646

53 463

56 357

6.9

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

6 720 5 770 272 570 109

13 689 11 622 412 1 484 171

20 067 17 733 455 1 717 162

21 067 18 607 459 1 840 160

21 953 19 366 471 1 913 204

22 724 19 872 475 2 028 349

23 700 20 722 483 2 122 373

4.2 4.0 1.5 5.4 23.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 540 1 632 896 11

8 980 5 350 3 582 48

17 077 9 102 7 929 46

19 100 10 035 8 998 67

20 793 10 695 10 002 96

22 311 11 263 10 963 85

24 313 12 317 11 891 105

9.2 7.9 10.7 23.2

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 414 201 585 405 223

2 877 482 893 888 614

4 046 1 114 716 528 1 688

4 212 1 162 741 602 1 708

4 600 1 190 642 750 2 018

5 099 1 204 714 913 2 268

5 384 1 259 642 1 052 2 432

7.4 3.1 -2.7 18.8 9.6

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

1 615

753

714

1 224

1 819

1 790

1 332

16.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

576

696

836

867

936

1 003

1 058

6.1

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

163

322

379

457

514

509

541

9.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

6

17

30

64

31

28

29

-1.2

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Ohio was the sixth largest exporter of goods in 2004, with a total value of exports amounting to $31.2 billion. Exports grew slowly after the 2001 recession, but increased by over 12 percent from 2002 to 2004. The state’s leading exports were transportation equipment and machinery manufactures, which together made up half of all the state’s exports. Canada was by far the largest export market, accounting for almost half of Ohio’s foreign sales. Transportation equipment made up nearly half of all exports to Canada. Exports to China more than doubled from 2001 to 2004, making the country the sixth leading market for Ohio’s goods.

Machinery 14.2%

Chemicals 11.0%

Transportation equipment 36.2%

Computers and electronic products 7.2% Fabricated metal products 5.4%

Other 26.1%

Table OH-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

27 095 26 236 378 481

27 723 26 841 458 424

29 764 28 643 660 461

31 208 30 005 744 460

100.0 96.1 2.4 1.5

4.8 4.6 25.3 -1.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

10 353 4 050 2 588 1 677 1 613

11 220 3 702 2 532 1 837 1 737

12 502 3 596 2 834 1 783 1 728

11 295 4 419 3 418 2 233 1 693

36.2 14.2 11.0 7.2 5.4

2.9 3.0 9.7 10.0 1.6

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

25 351 13 843 2 109 1 389 1 284 759

26 085 15 420 2 109 1 190 1 229 631

27 881 16 894 2 102 1 101 1 242 727

28 825 15 537 2 410 1 359 1 185 1 024

92.4 49.8 7.7 4.4 3.8 3.3

4.4 3.9 4.6 -0.7 -2.6 10.5

386

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table OH-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 78 737 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 14 738 028

2002

77 797 14 583 435

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

187

187

34.4 56.9 8.7

39.5 51.5 9.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

384 631 2 068 53 070

509 307 2 732 68 119

4 744 521 2 871 092 1 873 429 60 258

4 263 549 2 304 895 1 958 654 54 804

53.1 33.3 13.6

60.0 28.6 11.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

146 279 45.2

197 425 37.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

42.2

55.9

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming in Ohio totaled $4.3 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented a decline of over 8 percent from the previous census in 1997. The state’s major farm products were soybeans, corn, and dairy products. Nearly 40 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, and 60 percent of farms had total sales of less than $10,000. The proportion of farm operators reporting farming as their principal occupation grew from 42.2 percent in 1997 to 55.9 percent in 2002. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were $2,553 in 2001, the 19th highest in the country. Energy prices were slightly above average. Per capita consumption dropped significantly from 2000 to 2001, but remained above the national average. The industrial sector accounted for nearly 36 percent of the state’s energy consumption. The chief energy sources were coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 1,500

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 24.6%

Residential 22.4%

1,200 900 600 300 0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 35.9%

Commercial 17.1%

Table OH-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

2 995 462 308.6

3 374 884 330.8

3 944 072 370.1

3 993 933 370.8

4 066 740 376.6

3 666 707 341.6

3 828 066 352.9

4 089 982 366.6

4 263 714 375.6

3 982 276 349.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

21.0 8.7 54.0 16.2

21.2 8.9 53.7 16.2

21.7 10.8 50.4 17.1

22.1 11.4 47.5 19.1

22.0 11.9 46.8 19.4

22.3 14.1 43.0 20.6

21.7 15.1 42.5 20.8

22.7 16.0 40.4 20.9

21.9 16.6 38.4 23.1

22.4 17.1 35.9 24.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

1 269 205 724 824 797 425 0 210 36 755 0 167 043

1 324 406 909 391 923 173 255 111 38 609 0 178 939

1 571 427 1 077 151 1 082 499 0 78 44 071 0 168 846

1 619 050 978 885 1 212 200 0 77 46 222 0 137 499

1 528 107 911 335 1 347 199 23 115 63 103 913 0 153 010

1 389 464 765 373 1 105 382 20 638 1 827 116 280 0 267 743

1 425 329 776 589 1 122 247 112 845 1 887 64 686 366 324 117

1 379 813 923 946 1 167 815 176 182 2 395 67 541 570 371 720

1 428 480 928 427 1 315 471 175 013 5 948 75 696 882 333 798

1 343 002 835 709 1 305 171 161 565 5 197 43 414 946 287 272

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

4 655 900 437

9 166 600 851

18 377 000 1 702

20 680 700 1 926

21 038 500 1 940

23 149 900 2 075

29 549 600 2 603

29 070 500 2 553

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.50 1.68 1.91 0.84 2.66

3.05 3.11 3.53 2.17 4.39

6.23 6.33 7.03 4.43 8.87

8.23 9.70 10.68 6.18 8.92

8.19 10.10 11.17 5.63 8.97

8.49 10.64 11.59 5.93 8.73

10.36 12.72 13.17 6.93 11.33

10.92 14.16 14.91 7.48 10.68

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

OHIO

387

Table OH-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

22 475 528

100.0

1 961.4

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

40 636

0.2

3.6

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

10 783 304 7 881 510 2 901 794 423 078 1 541 151 275 811 557 569

48.0 35.1 12.9 1.9 6.9 1.2 2.5

941.0 687.8 253.2 36.9 134.5 24.1 48.7

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

1 813 479 297 031 713 149 666 510

8.1 1.3 3.2 3.0

158.3 25.9 62.2 58.2

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ...............................................................

9 838 109 8 705 161 1 060 594

43.8 38.7 4.7

858.6 759.7 92.6

847.6 673.6 105.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Ohio

2,000

Dollars

Per capita revenues and expenditures were slightly below the national average in 2003. Ohio’s per capita spending on education, health, correctional facilities, and government administration was slightly higher than average, while outlays for health and police protection were below average. Taxes per person were also lower than the average in 2004. The major source of revenue was individual income taxes, followed by general sales taxes and motor fuel taxes. Ohio’s per capita individual income tax of $760 was the 17th highest among the 46 states with such taxes. The state’s per capita debt was below the national average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table OH-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

42 422 137 14 058 065 20 651 597 6 761 515 3 329 634 1 701 782 7 916 410 794 645 147 611 4 538 357 3 174 118

100.0 33.1 48.7 15.9 7.8 4.0 18.7 1.9 0.3 10.7 7.5

3 708.9 1 229.1 1 805.5 591.1 291.1 148.8 692.1 69.5 12.9 396.8 277.5

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

44 613 676 15 249 395 29 364 281

100.0 34.2 65.8

3 900.5 1 333.2 2 567.3

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

16 327 787 12 527 978 1 367 067 2 022 067 3 183 792 278 653 1 686 179 383 998 94 534 1 851 955 1 146 890 3 742 776

36.6 28.1 3.1 4.5 7.1 0.6 3.8 0.9 0.2 4.2 2.6 8.4

1 427.5 1 095.3 119.5 176.8 278.4 24.4 147.4 33.6 8.3 161.9 100.3 327.2

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

21 054 220

X

1 840.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

143 620 156

X

12 556.4

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

388

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OH-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 7 362

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.1 24.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 838 285 33.2 1.3 3 815 15.2 8 632

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

612 008 54 852 57.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Ohio 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

More than 88 percent of Ohio’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas in 2004. This was well above the U.S. proportion of 85.2 percent. However, the state’s proportion of college graduates (24.6 percent) fell short of the national proportion of 27.7 percent. Ohio’s per student expenditures were significantly higher than average, ranking 16th in the nation. The state’s dropout rate of 3.1 percent ranked among the 10 lowest of the 46 states reporting such data. Ohio’s student/ teacher ratio was below average.

In 2000, Ohio’s participation rate was just above the national average; however, the state’s rate increased in 2004, ranking 14th in the country. This increase likely reflected the state’s position as a “swing” state, in which either major candidate could have won. Persons 65 to 74 years old had the highest participation rate, with 73 percent of eligible voters in this age group casting ballots. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 50 percent of eligible voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion increased slightly to 50.8 percent in 2004.

Table OH-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

8 301 3 916 4 385

8 143 3 836 4 307

98.1 98.0 98.2

5 561 2 559 3 002

67.0 65.4 68.5

4 823 2 201 2 622

58.1 56.2 59.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

8 469 4 037 4 432

8 305 3 953 4 352

98.1 97.9 98.2

6 003 2 813 3 190

70.9 69.7 72.0

5 485 2 581 2 905

64.8 63.9 65.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

7 381 7 188 895 73 209 7 460 7 257 923 80

7 263 7 149 876 45 130 7 342 7 218 904 52

98.4 99.4 97.9 B 62.5 98.4 99.5 97.9 B

5 268 5 179 630 20 100 5 318 5 222 648 25

71.4 72.0 70.3 B 47.7 71.3 72.0 70.3 B

4 802 4 723 586 20 90 4 844 4 757 603 25

65.1 65.7 65.5 B 43.1 64.9 65.5 65.3 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 099 3 052 2 840 787 691

1 082 2 935 2 824 777 686

98.4 96.2 99.5 98.7 99.3

686 2 062 2 161 609 485

62.4 67.6 76.1 77.3 70.3

599 1 861 2 018 575 432

54.5 61.0 71.1 73.0 62.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

OKLAHOMA At a Glance: •

Oklahoma’s population exceeded 3.5 million in 2004, ranking it as the 28th most populous state in the nation. Nearly 73 percent of the state’s population was non-Hispanic White. Oklahoma had the fourth highest proportion of American Indian residents in the nation in 2004. The state’s median household income was well below the national average, ranking 40th in the country. However, Oklahoma’s poverty rate of 10.8 percent was also well below the national average. Economic activity slowed over the 2001–2002 period, and subsequent growth was modest. In 2004, Oklahoma’s real gross state product ranked 30th in the nation. The state’s unemployment rate was 4.8 percent, which was below the national average. Nearly 20 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance, which was the third highest proportion in the nation. Oklahoma’s per student expenditures for grades K–12 were the third lowest in the country.

• •

•

• •

Table OK-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 145 585 1.3

3 450 654 1.2

3 523 553 1.2

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 530 819 1 614 766

1 695 895 1 754 759

1 740 265 1 783 288

49.4 50.6

0.6 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

226 523 610 484 601 416 2 308 578 321 389 961 560 424 213 45 848

236 353 656 007 2 558 294 357 085 975 169 770 090 455 950 57 175

242 240 617 630 2 663 683 385 439 958 067 855 737 464 440 54 305

6.9 17.5 75.6 10.9 27.2 24.3 13.2 1.5

0.3 0.1 1.0 1.3 0.0 2.6 0.7 1.3

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.1

35.5

36.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Oklahoma 1.0

0.5

0.9

1.2

1.1 0.9

0.5 0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Oklahoma’s population growth has been slow in recent years. From 2000 to 2004, the state’s population increased just 2.1 percent, a rate well below the national growth rate of 4.3 percent. In 2001, Oregon overtook Oklahoma to become the 27th most populous state in the nation. The state lost over 18,000 residents to other locations during the 2000–2004 period; however, this was offset by an influx of over 30,000 new residents from abroad. Oklahoma had the largest number and the fourth highest proportion of American Indian residents in the nation. The state’s population was somewhat older than the nation as a whole, with 13.2 percent of its residents age 65 years and over.

389

390

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OK-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 145 585

3 450 654

3 523 553

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

81.0 7.4 8.0 1.1 1.3 ...

74.3 7.5 7.7 1.4 ... 3.9

72.9 7.5 7.8 1.6 ... 3.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.7

5.2

6.3

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 30

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

20

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

10

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Nearly 20 percent of Oklahoma’s population lacked health insurance coverage in 2004. This high rate of uninsured residents was exceeded only by the rates in Texas and New Mexico. The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were among the highest in the nation. Table OK-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

50 981 14.5 55.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

8.0

6.9

970.8 972.9 1 165.7 ... 455.9 731.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

19.9 16.9 9.7

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Oklahoma

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table OK-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

35 088

970.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

14 494 7 429 1 963 1 615 1 036 904 691 708 534 427 504 465 380 262 245 202 175 100 85 60 57 58

398.6 205.5 54.1 45.9 28.7 24.8 18.9 20.1 14.7 11.8 14.6 13.3 10.7 7.7 7.0 5.8 4.8 3.0 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.7

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

OKLAHOMA

391

Table OK-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 206 135 855 321 695 961 159 360 33 891 125 469 350 814 309 369 41 445

1 342 293 921 750 717 611 204 139 51 564 152 575 420 543 358 560 61 983

1 360 032 912 709 683 810 228 899 61 765 167 134 447 323 374 114 73 209

0.3 -0.2 -1.2 2.9 4.6 2.3 1.6 1.1 4.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.53 1 406 499 1 206 135 821 188 384 947

2.49 1 514 400 1 342 293 918 259 424 034

2.51 1 572 756 1 360 032 927 641 432 391

X 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

340 47 600

456 70 700

525 85 060

3.6 4.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Oklahoma

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

1,000

50,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Oklahoma

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table OK-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

39 681 36 867 38 296 37 999 35 574

10.8 12.8 14.1 15.1 14.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

37 046 39 034 36 795 32 889 32 385 34 029 33 805 33 360 34 438 34 172

12.8 14.1 13.7 16.6 17.1 16.7 19.9 18.6 17.0 15.6

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

34 817 36 312 34 492 34 446 35 505 36 590 ... ... ... ...

14.7 17.3 17.0 14.7 16.0 13.3 17.0 15.4 13.8 13.9

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

392

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OK-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 671 189 281 450 466 460 374 451

1 714 89 210 361 373 374 232 74

64.2 47.3 74.8 80.2 80.1 81.3 62.0 16.5

1 630 79 190 345 357 360 226 73

4.9 12.2 9.7 4.4 4.3 3.7 2.2 1.8

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 284 103 131 218 234 215 184 198

915 52 107 199 206 186 122 42

71.3 50.8 81.6 91.1 88.1 86.5 66.4 21.3

874 45 98 192 197 181 119 42

4.5 13.1 8.2 3.6 4.4 3.1 2.7 1.1

Women ................................................. 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

1 387 149 232 231 245 190

798 103 162 166 188 110

57.6 68.8 70.0 71.9 76.7 57.7

756 91 154 159 179 108

5.3 11.2 5.4 4.3 4.4 1.7

757 767 143

563 460 89

74.4 60.0 62.2

549 445 82

2.5 3.2 7.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 111 1 024 1 087

1 358 734 625

64.4 71.6 57.5

1 302 707 596

4.1 3.7 4.6

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

198 86 112

125 55 70

63.2 63.7 62.8

116 50 66

7.2 9.3 5.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men .......................................................

97 50

70 45

72.5 89.5

67 43

4.6 3.3

136 213 337 352 377 309 386

67 161 277 284 309 196 64

49.3 75.4 82.2 80.7 81.9 63.5 16.5

60 145 268 273 301 192 63

10.2 9.5 3.5 4.0 2.6 2.1 1.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table OK-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 710 412 1 709 750 1 693 278 1 676 529 1 659 119

1 627 828 1 614 418 1 612 228 1 615 033 1 607 541

82 584 95 332 81 050 61 496 51 578

4.8 5.6 4.8 3.7 3.1

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 650 302 1 640 979 1 610 541 1 580 815 1 562 793 1 556 432 1 542 973 1 526 930 1 520 524 1 520 852

1 590 838 1 569 498 1 543 105 1 514 880 1 490 602 1 469 487 1 450 076 1 432 081 1 426 240 1 434 566

59 464 71 481 67 436 65 935 72 191 86 945 92 897 94 849 94 284 86 286

3.6 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.6 6.0 6.2 6.2 5.7

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Oklahoma

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

OKLAHOMA

393

Table OK-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 024 718 99 574 1 925 144 1 590 084 8 838 57 404 11 326 112 007 176 517 117 680 58 837 61 653 225 663 61 431 40 890 77 589 59 016 92 592 13 217 123 037 22 646 178 687 25 313 123 677 118 581 335 060

2 007 210 98 243 1 908 967 1 571 221 9 602 53 709 11 119 108 329 158 817 103 603 55 214 61 681 224 807 59 111 38 577 79 460 60 002 93 690 13 294 119 653 24 047 182 994 26 022 124 173 122 134 337 746

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

27 520 14 433 27 636 27 304 16 376 53 626 51 867 30 403 34 141 35 144 32 124 37 955 19 061 36 470 36 680 34 562 26 223 39 787 48 568 19 467 19 888 27 016 15 095 11 076 18 825 28 869

28 207 12 000 28 331 27 801 17 290 53 515 53 754 29 919 35 756 36 871 33 656 38 989 19 533 36 355 37 445 35 152 26 585 39 760 47 401 20 632 20 155 27 906 15 581 11 336 19 332 30 240

1 993 802 93 496 1 900 306 1 567 483 8 921 60 394 11 156 110 736 149 639 97 157 52 482 60 479 223 217 57 157 36 449 80 167 61 591 94 708 13 079 116 353 24 281 186 306 25 812 125 132 121 906 332 823

2 027 356 94 583 1 932 773 1 594 678 8 547 64 494 10 963 110 965 149 276 97 748 51 528 60 492 224 532 57 064 36 005 81 399 64 631 96 225 13 295 123 859 25 840 189 128 26 814 127 714 123 435 338 095

0.0 -1.7 0.1 0.1 -1.1 4.0 -1.1 -0.3 -5.4 -6.0 -4.3 -0.6 -0.2 -2.4 -4.2 1.6 3.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 4.5 1.9 1.9 1.1 1.3 0.3

30 425 19 969 30 494 30 042 19 862 60 458 59 218 30 992 38 592 39 760 36 370 41 111 20 793 40 380 40 438 39 310 29 057 42 363 57 696 22 544 22 576 30 198 16 851 11 582 20 887 32 108

3.4 11.4 3.3 3.2 6.6 4.1 4.5 0.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.3 4.4 3.5 2.1 5.9 5.0 4.3 3.8 3.7 1.5 3.5 3.6

Dollars 29 370 17 555 29 441 28 874 18 622 57 211 56 971 30 563 37 618 38 782 35 459 38 785 20 222 37 592 38 604 37 239 28 020 41 299 52 415 21 542 21 837 28 756 16 214 11 394 20 138 31 477

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Oklahoma’s unemployment rate rose significantly as a result of the 2001 recession, despite having been below the national average since the mid-1990s. The state also had a relatively low labor force participation rate. There was little growth in jobs during the 2001–2004 period. Employment in the state’s largest industries of government and retail trade showed small increases, while manufacturing jobs declined throughout the period. Health care and other smaller service industries helped provide a modest net increase in jobs. Average wages and salaries in Oklahoma were below the national averages across all major industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.7%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

43.1%

11.1%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

9.3%

Accommodation and food services Administrative and waste services

7.4% 6.1%

6.3%

Other

394

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OK-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

22 905 16 671 3 297 2 937 150 2 786 1 964 171 21 113 4 383 3 410 28 906 28 654 252

37 490 26 039 5 841 5 610 695 4 915 3 966 560 34 084 9 765 7 121 50 971 50 133 838

61 598 41 905 9 375 10 318 513 9 804 6 355 1 008 56 251 15 290 12 770 84 310 83 605 705

66 341 43 783 9 980 12 577 398 12 179 6 798 1 010 60 553 15 478 14 130 90 161 89 544 617

66 126 44 206 11 007 10 913 635 10 278 7 032 1 035 60 129 14 914 15 121 90 164 89 373 791

68 790 45 159 11 901 11 729 593 11 136 7 305 1 064 62 548 14 764 15 806 93 118 92 353 765

73 080 47 309 12 949 12 822 648 12 174 7 807 1 125 66 399 15 039 16 583 98 020 97 155 865

4.4 3.1 8.4 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.3 2.8 4.2 -0.4 6.7 3.8 3.8 5.2

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 506

16 187

24 407

26 009

25 848

26 556

27 819

3.3

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Oklahoma

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product growth (GSP) was slow over 2001–2004 period. Economic activity diminished significantly as a result of the 2001 recession, and its recovery rate was below the national average in subsequent years. Contributing to this slow growth was a decline in the agricultural sector, which was only partly offset by stronger performances in retail trade and many serviceproviding industries. Housing price appreciation has occurred at half of the national average rate in recent years; in 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in the state ranked among the five lowest in the nation.

Table OK-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

82 858 1.0

84 664 0.9

87 198 0.9

89 851 0.9

90 267 0.9

91 793 0.9

93 750 0.9

96 876 0.9

2.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

68 632 1 176 5 634 1 972 3 289 11 658 14.1 4 180 6 360 2 942 2 709 3 755 7 814 17 794 21.5 3 398 920 2 752 431 5 459 392 2 025 2 417 14 233 17.2

70 358 1 084 4 725 1 943 3 437 11 956 14.1 4 607 6 581 2 996 2 985 3 912 7 996 18 402 21.7 3 599 920 2 937 418 5 539 410 2 077 2 502 14 307 16.9

72 679 1 326 4 574 1 931 3 611 12 726 14.6 4 739 6 831 2 991 3 172 3 957 8 387 18 498 21.2 3 733 834 3 005 436 5 549 437 2 130 2 374 14 518 16.6

74 965 1 618 4 515 2 040 3 581 13 374 14.9 4 692 7 046 3 148 3 512 4 125 8 601 18 711 20.8 3 959 863 2 780 428 5 679 434 2 223 2 345 14 886 16.6

75 117 1 353 4 391 2 071 3 824 11 079 12.3 5 235 7 536 3 170 3 910 4 274 9 142 19 148 21.2 4 043 1 114 2 712 432 5 890 438 2 200 2 319 15 149 16.8

76 533 1 660 4 564 2 119 3 593 10 772 11.7 5 475 7 902 3 182 4 029 4 568 9 163 19 549 21.3 4 131 1 142 2 801 432 6 099 463 2 187 2 294 15 263 16.6

78 489 2 013 4 576 2 299 3 590 11 210 12.0 5 123 8 367 3 203 4 189 4 854 9 125 20 018 21.4 4 361 1 265 2 815 424 6 250 448 2 177 2 278 15 280 16.3

81 116 1 445 4 800 2 392 3 545 11 642 12.0 5 289 8 743 3 381 4 563 5 198 9 472 20 848 21.5 4 437 1 346 3 042 435 6 457 469 2 240 2 422 15 772 16.3

2.6 2.2 3.0 4.9 -2.5 1.7 X 0.3 5.1 2.2 5.3 6.7 1.2 2.9 X 3.1 6.5 3.9 0.2 3.1 2.3 0.6 1.5 1.4 X

X = Not applicable.

OKLAHOMA

395

Table OK-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

3 189

6 709

11 999

13 282

14 361

15 104

15 880

7.3

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 647 1 532 44 61 10

3 336 3 166 61 100 9

5 400 5 145 74 174 8

5 692 5 432 76 176 9

5 940 5 717 79 134 10

6 114 5 949 80 72 12

6 381 6 212 82 75 12

4.3 4.8 2.7 -19.1 10.4

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

743 451 283 8

2 079 1 269 755 55

4 550 2 741 1 732 77

5 302 3 028 2 165 109

5 735 3 236 2 348 152

5 970 3 420 2 421 130

6 444 3 747 2 547 150

9.1 8.1 10.1 18.2

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

358 142 94 76 47

652 192 139 195 126

1 146 340 103 209 494

1 225 354 115 243 512

1 398 366 139 305 587

1 616 377 181 374 684

1 728 394 173 411 750

10.8 3.7 13.7 18.5 11.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

87

120

124

197

335

397

246

18.7

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

290

382

605

641

712

771

831

8.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

54

126

157

198

224

217

229

9.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

10

15

17

27

17

20

22

7.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Transportation equipment 26.3%

Oklahoma was among the smallest exporting states, with the value of its exports ranking 36th overall in 2004. The state’s exports totaled about $3.2 billion, which represented a sizable increase since the 2001 recession. Machinery manufactures and transportation equipment were the dominant exports, together accounting for more than 47 percent of total exports. Machinery manufactures and fabricated metal products were the fastest-growing among the state’s major export products. Oklahoma’s leading export market was Canada, followed by Mexico. Russia and China have been the fastest-growing overseas customers. Exports to the United Kingdom and Japan fell considerably from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 7.8% Machinery 31.2%

Fabricated metal products 7.7% Plastic and rubber products 7.2% Other 29.8%

Table OK-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 661 2 544 60 57

2 444 2 323 52 68

2 660 2 543 65 52

3 178 3 002 113 62

100.0 94.5 3.6 2.0

6.1 5.7 23.6 3.0

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................ Plastic and rubber products (326) ..........................................

775 495 219 186 197

656 499 202 150 224

846 467 202 172 240

990 518 249 244 229

31.2 16.3 7.8 7.7 7.2

8.5 1.6 4.3 9.5 5.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Russia .................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

2 266 917 196 206 72 143

2 084 926 200 150 51 107

2 321 1 054 221 146 85 79

2 798 1 154 330 172 140 95

88.0 36.3 10.4 5.4 4.4 3.0

7.3 8.0 18.9 -5.8 25.0 -12.7

396

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table OK-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 84 028 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 34 069 201

2002

83 300 33 661 826

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

405

404

23.2 57.8 19.0

24.2 57.8 18.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

257 665 628 35 893

285 730 699 42 155

4 253 753 951 705 3 302 048 50 623

4 456 404 819 078 3 637 326 53 498

63.5 28.8 7.6

62.8 29.5 7.7

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

135 546 29.5

149 942 29.2

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

42.4

55.3

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled over $4.4 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was a 7.5 percent increase from the previous farm census in 1997. Cattle were the dominant farm product. More than 92 percent of farms had sales of less than $100,000, with nearly 63 percent of all farms having receipts under $10,000. About 55 percent of all farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. Less than one-fourth of all the state’s farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Although energy prices in Oklahoma were slightly below the national average, expenditures per person were the sixth highest in the nation in 2001. The state’s per capita consumption of 444 Btu was the eighth highest in the country. The industrial and transportation sectors combined accounted for over 65 percent of the state’s energy consumption. The chief energy sources were petroleum, natural gas, and coal.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 750

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 30.2%

Residential 19.3%

600 450 300 150 0 -150 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 35.3%

Commercial 15.1%

Table OK-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

582 091 250.0

776 169 318.1

939 598 367.1

1 070 091 385.7

1 221 669 403.8

1 299 151 397.1

1 392 647 442.7

1 377 576 421.9

1 468 580 425.6

1 539 471 444.0

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.9 10.3 43.9 25.9

18.0 9.1 49.5 23.4

20.6 11.2 42.5 25.7

20.1 12.2 41.8 26.0

19.3 12.9 42.6 25.2

19.5 14.0 40.4 26.2

19.5 14.3 41.7 24.4

19.1 14.0 40.7 26.2

20.4 15.4 35.2 29.0

19.3 15.1 35.3 30.2

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

1 826 319 270 255 861 0 7 582 10 185 0 -12 632

697 480 079 296 184 0 8 622 7 607 0 -17 020

154 616 279 365 468 0 14 751 6 979 0 -64 032

537 678 851 421 235 0 30 646 11 997 0 -73 175

106 346 738 931 443 156 0 13 655 17 333 0 -97 752

237 168 603 855 458 652 0 41 579 14 868 0 -56 972

278 813 628 223 432 045 0 28 609 23 837 92 1 028

369 887 586 433 438 024 0 28 000 25 223 90 -70 081

381 081 546 705 518 364 0 21 929 17 499 69 -17 067

376 764 548 395 588 433 0 22 548 17 204 63 -13 936

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 051 400 411

2 030 000 732

5 016 600 1 658

6 546 100 2 001

6 196 900 1 970

6 291 600 1 927

9 269 500 2 686

10 180 700 2 936

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.85 2.22 1.68 0.77 2.44

3.08 3.16 2.96 1.72 4.11

6.47 6.33 6.11 3.92 9.12

7.74 10.01 10.68 5.31 8.27

7.31 11.22 10.53 3.54 8.45

7.14 11.60 10.65 3.77 7.78

9.90 13.71 12.53 6.59 10.19

10.24 15.23 13.67 7.75 9.51

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

397

OKLAHOMA

Table OK-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

6 426 713

100.0

1 823.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

2 339 028 1 594 246 744 782 68 420 144 186 415 318 63 398

36.4 24.8 11.6 1.1 2.2 6.5 1.0

663.7 452.4 211.4 19.4 40.9 117.8 18.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

840 421 41 960 552 799 199 713

13.1 0.7 8.6 3.1

238.5 11.9 156.9 56.7

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Severance ...................................................................................

3 247 264 2 319 123 133 309 111 143 655 051

50.5 36.1 2.1 1.7 10.2

921.5 658.1 37.8 31.5 185.9

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 21.5

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Oklahoma 2,000

Dollars

State revenue and expenditures per person were below the national average in 2003, ranking 33rd and 31st, respectively. Outlays per capita for education and highways were above average, while spending on public welfare, health, and hospitals was below average. Oklahoma’s per capita taxes were also below the U.S. average in fiscal year 2004, ranking 33rd in the nation. The largest sources of revenue were general sales taxes, individual income taxes, severance (taxes on the removal of natural resources such as oil and minerals), and motor fuel taxes. The state’s individual income taxes were slightly below average, ranking 25th among the 43 states with such taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0

Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table OK-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

12 903 184 4 255 172 5 905 884 1 480 137 758 680 785 044 2 113 947 104 448 663 628 1 747 861 994 267

100.0 33.0 45.8 11.5 5.9 6.1 16.4 0.8 5.1 13.5 7.7

3 680.3 1 213.7 1 684.5 422.2 216.4 223.9 603.0 29.8 189.3 498.5 283.6

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

13 305 832 3 395 494 9 910 338

100.0 25.5 74.5

3 795.2 968.5 2 826.7

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

5 564 983 3 177 322 181 208 460 187 1 283 363 92 508 486 313 212 083 78 259 572 182 286 842 910 582

41.8 23.9 1.4 3.5 9.6 0.7 3.7 1.6 0.6 4.3 2.2 6.8

1 587.3 906.2 51.7 131.3 366.0 26.4 138.7 60.5 22.3 163.2 81.8 259.7

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

6 747 020

X

1 924.4

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

24 653 738

X

7 031.9

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

398

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OK-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 2 164

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

85.2 22.9

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

624 548 53.0 6.4 1 806 16.0 6 092

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.4

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

210 375 16 348 56.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Oklahoma

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION The proportion of Oklahoma residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas was identical to the national average in 2004; however, the state’s proportion of college graduates—just 22.9 percent—was well below the national average. Despite having a below average proportion of school-age population, Oklahoma’s student/teacher ratio was just above the national average. Expenditures per student of $6,092 ranked 48th in the nation. Oklahoma’s dropout rate of 4.4 percent ranked 16th among the 46 states reporting such data. More than half of all students in the state were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch.

VOTER PARTICIPATION Voter turnout rose less than 1 percentage point from 2000 to 2004, compared to the national increase of close to 4 percentage points. However, Oklahoma’s voter participation rate remained above the national average. Less than 19 percent of eligible Hispanics in Oklahoma voted in 2004. More than 77 percent of eligible residents age 65 to 74 years cast ballots. Voter turnout was well above average in 2000 and slightly above average in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, Oklahoma’s residents overwhelmingly favored the Republican presidential candi-

Table OK-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 457 1 155 1 302

2 400 1 124 1 276

97.7 97.3 98.0

1 679 761 918

68.3 65.9 70.5

1 431 653 778

58.3 56.5 59.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 602 1 247 1 355

2 476 1 184 1 292

95.2 94.9 95.4

1 781 844 937

68.4 67.7 69.2

1 541 724 818

59.2 58.0 60.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 031 1 925 190 34 135 2 232 2 102 204 36

1 946 1 902 183 17 57 2 131 2 078 196 19

95.8 98.8 96.0 B 42.6 95.5 98.9 96.2 B

1 450 1 423 118 10 29 1 573 1 543 123 10

71.4 73.9 61.8 B 21.7 70.4 73.4 60.3 B

1 271 1 248 104 5 25 1 366 1 341 110 5

62.6 64.8 54.7 B 18.9 61.2 63.8 53.7 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

376 932 879 205 209

344 853 875 200 204

91.4 91.5 99.6 97.5 97.6

173 554 703 177 174

46.1 59.4 79.9 86.5 83.0

149 439 650 158 145

39.5 47.1 74.0 77.2 69.5

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

OREGON At a Glance: •

Oregon’s population was close to 3.6 million in 2004, ranking it as the 27th most populous state in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites accounted for 82 percent of the population, followed by Hispanics (of any race), who made up 9.5 percent of the population. More than 16 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance, which was the 14th highest proportion of uninsured population in the country. The state’s median household income of $41,484 was below the national average. However, Oregon’s poverty rate of 11.7 percent was also below average. Oregon’s unemployment rate of 7.4 percent was the third highest in the country. Only the District of Columbia and Alaska had higher unemployment rates. Average wages and salaries grew just 7.6 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was among the 5 lowest growth rates in the nation. More than 70 percent of the state’s eligible residents voted in the 2004 election, the fifth highest participation rate in the nation.

• • • • • •

Table OR-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

2 842 321 1.1

3 421 399 1.2

3 594 586 1.2

X X

1.2 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 397 073 1 445 248

1 696 550 1 724 849

1 786 769 1 807 817

49.7 50.3

1.3 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

201 421 522 709 532 944 2 118 191 267 528 926 395 391 324 38 815

223 005 623 521 2 574 873 327 884 997 269 811 543 438 177 57 431

226 069 626 288 2 742 229 350 458 1 016 650 915 300 459 821 69 898

6.3 17.4 76.3 9.7 28.3 25.5 12.8 1.9

0.7 1.3 1.9 1.9 0.7 4.0 1.2 4.4

Median age (years) ................................................................

34.5

36.3

36.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.0

1.9

United States Oregon 1.5

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.1

1990–2000

2000–2004

0.9 0.8

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

Oregon’s population grew 5.1 percent from 2000 to 2004, which was the 15th highest rate of growth in the nation. The state benefited from substantial immigration during this period. From 2001 to 2004, Oregon gained more than 61,000 new residents from abroad and nearly 53,000 people from other states. This influx of new residents accounted for two-thirds of the state’s population increase, as Oregon’s birth rate was well below the national average. Just 23.7 percent of the state’s population was 18 years old and under, which was well below the national proportion of 25 percent.

Year

399

400

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OR-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

2 842 321

3 421 399

3 594 586

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

90.8 1.6 1.4 2.4 1.8 ...

83.9 1.6 1.2 3.2 ... 2.0

82.0 1.6 1.1 3.6 ... 2.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

4.0

8.0

9.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 20

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

15

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander

10

Non-Hispanic Black 5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Oregon’s infant mortality rate was below average, ranking among the 10 lowest in the country. The age-adjusted death rates for most causes were slightly lower than the national averages. The state’s overall birth rate and birth rate for teenage mothers were both well below average. Table OR-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

45 953 12.9 34.4

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.5

6.9

828.8 837.8 1 038.2 ... 504.3 496.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

16.5 10.0 6.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000 United States Oregon 750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table OR-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

30 276

828.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

10 623 7 086 1 749 1 319 965 628 1 021 459 297 184 505 370 334 345 370 99 245 71 98 52 68 36

287.2 196.9 48.4 36.9 26.6 16.7 27.0 13.1 8.1 5.0 14.3 10.5 9.3 9.8 10.3 2.9 6.6 2.1 2.7 1.4 2.0 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

OREGON

401

Table OR-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 103 313 750 844 613 297 137 547 35 785 101 762 352 469 278 716 73 753

1 333 723 877 671 692 532 185 139 54 357 130 782 456 052 347 624 108 428

1 427 711 919 188 709 458 209 730 62 871 146 859 508 523 393 655 114 868

1.7 1.2 0.6 3.2 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.2 1.5

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.52 1 193 567 1 103 313 695 957 407 356

2.51 1 452 709 1 333 723 856 951 476 772

2.46 1 535 381 1 427 711 899 196 528 515

X 1.4 1.7 1.2 2.6

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

408 66 800

620 152 100

681 181 544

2.4 4.5

X = Not applicable.

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 1,000

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

50,000 40,000

Dollars

United States Oregon

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

250

30,000 20,000

United States Oregon

10,000 0

0

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1984

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table OR-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 184 42 757 43 909 44 043 46 617

11.7 12.5 10.9 11.8 10.9

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 042 45 214 43 714 42 544 44 772 39 659 42 659 42 125 40 832 41 035

12.6 15.0 11.6 11.8 11.2 11.8 11.8 11.4 13.5 9.2

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 970 42 574 39 815 40 736 36 659 37 024 ... ... ... ...

11.2 10.4 14.2 12.3 11.9 12.8 16.1 13.9 12.3 11.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

402

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OR-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 800 176 216 520 534 498 415 440

1 850 78 163 441 444 406 261 57

66.1 44.1 75.3 84.8 83.2 81.6 62.8 12.9

1 710 60 139 410 417 385 245 54

7.6 22.3 14.8 7.0 6.2 5.3 5.9 5.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 375 90 116 259 269 248 202 191

1 010 39 94 239 249 217 141 30

73.5 43.7 81.1 92.5 92.7 87.3 69.9 15.6

930 31 79 223 232 204 132 28

8.0 21.8 15.9 6.8 6.8 5.8 6.5 6.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 425 86 100 261 266 250 213 250

840 38 68 202 195 190 120 27

59.0 44.4 68.7 77.3 73.5 76.0 56.1 10.9

780 29 59 187 184 181 113 26

7.1 23.0 13.2 7.3 5.5 4.8 5.1 5.3

774 770 149

588 466 100

76.0 60.4 67.3

561 449 85

4.6 3.7 14.7

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 545 1 242 1 303

1 678 910 768

65.9 73.3 58.9

1 554 841 713

7.4 7.6 7.1

Black .....................................................

46

32

69.1

28

11.6

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

92 46 46

65 37 28

70.2 79.5 61.0

60 33 27

7.4 9.7 4.4

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

224 125 98

176 113 63

78.6 90.1 63.9

158 103 55

9.8 8.4 12.2

154 198 455 474 463 386 416

70 150 387 396 378 243 54

45.5 76.0 85.0 83.6 81.7 62.9 12.9

55 129 361 372 358 229 51

21.7 14.3 6.8 6.2 5.3 5.8 4.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table OR-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 856 237 1 852 147 1 839 129 1 826 472 1 815 065

1 718 504 1 701 577 1 699 742 1 708 957 1 721 365

137 733 150 570 139 387 117 515 93 700

7.4 8.1 7.6 6.4 5.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 795 724 1 779 423 1 750 818 1 715 236 1 664 941 1 636 048 1 600 756 1 562 363 1 522 025 1 506 240

1 697 288 1 678 407 1 652 997 1 618 571 1 583 153 1 546 552 1 489 808 1 448 017 1 425 231 1 424 864

98 436 101 016 97 821 96 665 81 788 89 496 110 948 114 346 96 794 81 376

5.5 5.7 5.6 5.6 4.9 5.5 6.9 7.3 6.4 5.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Oregon

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

OREGON

403

Table OR-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 103 668 66 948 2 036 720 1 758 538 36 095 3 484 5 587 120 021 227 751 169 436 58 315 81 667 238 102 63 040 45 714 80 932 79 614 116 567 27 600 107 423 35 094 197 938 42 080 140 640 109 189 278 182

2 092 319 67 531 2 024 788 1 745 528 38 618 3 134 5 386 116 357 213 710 156 887 56 823 80 747 235 369 62 747 41 384 81 430 78 147 114 620 26 426 109 504 37 169 204 108 43 485 141 053 112 134 279 260

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

32 590 22 650 32 755 32 660 25 755 36 376 60 118 39 509 43 959 47 186 34 414 47 017 22 393 34 041 47 454 46 337 25 499 47 325 59 506 22 352 19 259 31 802 21 749 13 315 21 025 33 230

32 988 20 891 33 191 32 937 27 754 38 467 64 271 39 488 43 509 46 530 34 996 48 374 23 039 34 407 47 020 48 112 25 831 47 045 59 695 23 570 19 567 33 033 22 777 13 697 21 080 34 439

2 095 882 66 519 2 029 363 1 751 500 37 585 3 438 5 403 115 963 206 809 150 966 55 843 81 644 234 949 62 016 39 793 82 876 81 422 114 861 26 061 110 331 38 841 208 254 44 445 143 443 113 366 277 863

2 136 952 63 050 2 073 902 1 795 070 35 279 3 628 5 491 122 093 211 986 155 804 56 182 82 859 240 648 63 099 38 939 82 004 84 690 117 983 26 990 116 751 40 514 213 159 45 831 147 228 115 898 278 832

0.5 -2.0 0.6 0.7 -0.8 1.4 -0.6 0.6 -2.4 -2.8 -1.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 -5.2 0.4 2.1 0.4 -0.7 2.8 4.9 2.5 2.9 1.5 2.0 0.1

35 000 23 504 35 166 34 934 27 551 40 733 67 375 38 632 46 818 50 402 36 691 53 799 24 044 36 468 54 155 52 018 27 872 49 627 64 851 23 702 21 304 35 923 21 221 14 577 22 575 36 327

2.4 1.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 3.8 3.9 -0.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 4.6 2.4 2.3 4.5 3.9 3.0 1.6 2.9 2.0 3.4 4.1 -0.8 3.1 2.4 3.0

Dollars 33 743 21 226 33 953 33 697 27 214 40 097 64 155 38 398 44 969 48 241 35 967 50 026 23 331 34 904 50 346 51 265 26 663 47 951 61 660 23 817 20 350 34 245 21 361 14 121 21 734 35 215

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Oregon’s unemployment rate has been significantly higher than average since the mid-1990s, and was the third highest in the nation in 2004. Employment fell between 2001 and 2002, and its recovery was slow in subsequent years. Manufacturing employment declined significantly throughout the period; in 2004, it was still below its 2001 level. Job gains in health care, educational services, and administrative and waste services helped give the state a net employment increase during this period. Average wages and salaries were below the U.S. average and had one of the lowest rates of growth in the nation from 2001 to 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.0% Government and government enterprises 11.3%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance

43.2%

Manufacturing 10.0%

Accommodation and food services Construction

9.9% 5.7%

6.9%

Other

404

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OR-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

20 919 15 407 3 060 2 453 277 2 176 2 125 -253 18 541 4 920 3 248 26 710 26 245 465

38 501 27 694 6 221 4 586 335 4 251 4 615 -608 33 278 11 646 6 591 51 515 50 849 666

74 105 54 803 11 671 7 631 119 7 512 9 090 -1 904 63 111 20 303 12 988 96 402 95 618 783

75 572 55 239 12 147 8 186 24 8 162 9 158 -1 891 64 523 19 999 14 498 99 020 98 322 698

77 913 55 320 14 586 8 006 99 7 908 9 321 -1 913 66 679 19 502 15 721 101 902 101 181 721

80 111 56 362 15 533 8 215 268 7 947 9 642 -1 904 68 565 19 343 16 080 103 988 103 091 897

85 555 59 334 17 050 9 171 505 8 665 10 272 -2 039 73 244 20 101 16 591 109 935 108 825 1 110

3.7 2.0 9.9 4.7 43.5 3.6 3.1 X 3.8 -0.3 6.3 3.3 3.3 9.1

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 113

18 010

28 097

28 502

28 922

29 175

30 584

2.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Oregon

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Oregon’s economy experienced a sharp decline during the 2001 recession, although the subsequent growth of its real gross state product (GSP) was slightly higher than the national average. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew by 4.5 percent, the 20th fastest rate in the country. Contributors to this increase were manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, government, and real estate and related activities. Housing prices have increased at a rate close to the national average in recent years. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Oregon was well above the national average, ranking 14th in the country.

Table OR-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

95 568 1.1

101 072 1.1

104 715 1.1

112 964 1.2

110 925 1.1

112 943 1.1

116 113 1.1

121 385 1.1

3.0 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

82 474 2 620 89 1 433 6 470 12 693 13.3 7 014 6 110 3 176 2 704 4 432 13 771 23 234 24.3 4 795 2 723 2 983 631 6 442 672 2 486 2 502 13 170 13.8

87 802 2 556 105 1 434 6 143 15 407 15.2 7 590 6 350 3 217 2 812 5 151 14 061 23 412 23.2 4 982 2 483 2 968 654 6 550 656 2 584 2 535 13 287 13.1

90 698 2 811 120 1 452 5 874 15 783 15.1 7 680 6 700 3 315 3 404 5 041 14 714 24 205 23.1 5 268 2 500 2 995 674 6 845 707 2 702 2 514 14 050 13.4

99 265 3 098 122 1 711 5 744 21 848 19.3 7 610 6 787 3 367 3 830 5 240 15 249 24 658 21.8 5 696 2 439 2 873 673 7 131 749 2 753 2 344 13 700 12.1

96 816 2 824 112 1 682 5 282 18 702 16.9 7 949 7 153 3 127 3 847 5 588 15 680 24 725 22.3 5 702 2 282 2 738 640 7 479 778 2 680 2 426 14 097 12.7

98 789 3 202 113 1 764 5 007 18 924 16.8 8 148 7 554 3 250 3 760 6 129 15 595 25 218 22.3 5 561 2 270 2 981 634 7 866 821 2 719 2 366 14 152 12.5

102 326 3 253 115 1 859 4 798 21 433 18.5 8 073 7 853 3 355 4 017 6 473 15 632 25 756 22.2 5 683 2 336 3 060 623 8 102 780 2 795 2 377 13 841 11.9

107 288 3 074 110 1 977 4 943 23 828 19.6 8 553 8 388 3 480 4 495 6 418 15 961 26 757 22.0 5 900 2 404 3 140 628 8 397 781 2 935 2 572 14 177 11.7

3.5 2.9 -0.6 5.5 -2.2 8.4 X 2.5 5.5 3.6 5.3 4.7 0.6 2.7 X 1.1 1.8 4.7 -0.6 3.9 0.1 3.1 2.0 0.2 X

X = Not applicable.

OREGON

405

Table OR-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

3 062

6 213

12 243

13 664

14 975

15 429

15 942

6.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 654 1 463 68 122 1

3 376 3 172 109 92 3

5 926 5 203 127 592 4

6 151 5 539 129 476 5

6 436 5 851 134 445 6

6 765 6 097 137 524 7

7 115 6 420 139 548 8

4.7 5.4 2.4 -1.9 21.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

591 392 194 5

1 681 1 083 577 21

4 412 2 189 2 194 29

5 159 2 433 2 683 42

5 423 2 616 2 750 57

5 315 2 777 2 492 46

5 904 3 067 2 787 51

7.6 8.8 6.2 14.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

338 41 149 92 56

528 114 154 173 87

944 249 135 206 354

1 086 267 187 257 375

1 219 283 167 329 439

1 343 292 165 391 495

1 443 305 169 429 540

11.2 5.2 5.8 20.1 11.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

247

280

409

667

1 242

1 305

723

15.3

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

179

236

392

419

464

503

551

8.9

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

50

91

141

158

175

177

187

7.3

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

20

19

25

17

20

19

-0.3

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

The value of Oregon’s exports amounted to nearly $11.2 billion in 2004, ranking 23rd in the country. Exports increased by over 25 percent from 2001 to 2004. The leading export was computers and electronic products, followed by crops and transportation equipment. Exports of transportation equipment more than doubled from 2001 to 2004. The leading market for transportation equipment was Canada, which was also the top overall importer of Oregon’s products. Exports to China increased by nearly 75 percent from 2001 to 2004, and Mexico was also a rapidly growing market for Oregon’s products. Exports to Japan have fallen in recent years.

Computers and electronic products 37.7%

Crops 13.9%

Transportation equipment 12.1%

Machinery Manufactures 11.1% Other 21.4%

Chemicals 3.8%

Table OR-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

8 900 7 502 1 209 190

10 086 8 656 1 285 145

10 357 8 785 1 365 208

11 172 9 292 1 654 225

100.0 83.2 14.8 2.0

7.9 7.4 11.0 5.9

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Crop production (111) ............................................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................

3 842 1 132 617 933 334

4 682 1 214 966 946 357

4 602 1 288 1 116 871 410

4 212 1 551 1 353 1 238 424

37.7 13.9 12.1 11.1 3.8

3.1 11.1 29.9 9.9 8.3

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Japan ..................................................................................... South Korea ........................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Philippines .............................................................................

8 208 1 269 1 587 829 453 528

9 440 1 440 1 382 1 170 682 829

9 665 1 567 1 276 1 363 575 767

10 431 1 889 1 213 1 122 791 676

93.4 16.9 10.9 10.0 7.1 6.0

8.3 14.2 -8.6 10.6 20.5 8.6

406

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table OR-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 39 975 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 17 658 213

2002

40 033 17 080 422

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

442

427

59.5 29.4 11.1

62.5 27.3 10.2

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

444 005 1 025 51 358

508 882 1 202 63 462

3 036 767 2 180 412 856 355 75 967

3 195 497 2 194 911 1 000 586 79 822

65.8 22.6 11.7

69.1 20.5 10.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

49 813 14.6

52 085 11.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

43.4

53.9

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled nearly $3.2 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture, an increase of 7.6 percent from the previous agriculture census in 1997. The state’s chief agricultural products were greenhouse/nursery products (Washington, Oregon, and northern California nurseries were major suppliers of plants to the nation) and dairy products. Much of the farming was small-scale, with 69.1 percent of farms reporting sales of less than $10,000. More than 62 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the fourth highest proportion of farms of this size in the nation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were $2,154 in 2001. This was the eighth lowest amount in the country, despite the state’s above average energy prices. The chief energy sources were petroleum, hydroelectric power, and natural gas. The state’s per capita consumption was below the national average.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

400 Transportation 28.8 %

Residential 23.7%

300

200

100

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 28.0%

Commercial 19.5%

Table OR-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

470 817 266.1

592 574 305.9

754 292 360.6

868 331 372.7

948 292 360.1

914 309 342.1

991 196 348.7

1 050 555 334.4

1 140 992 333.5

1 064 263 306.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

23.1 12.3 41.0 23.6

22.3 13.3 41.8 22.5

22.1 14.6 39.1 24.2

22.6 15.4 37.4 24.6

21.0 16.5 37.2 25.3

23.1 16.1 34.5 26.4

22.2 17.1 32.4 28.3

22.1 17.4 32.1 28.3

23.0 18.7 30.3 28.1

23.7 19.5 28.0 28.8

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

8 943 31 941 212 677 0 134 134 56 355 0 26 767

7 110 59 990 248 987 0 172 561 57 849 0 46 078

3 047 99 572 295 739 0 313 901 57 448 0 -15 415

2 673 114 184 306 612 23 359 650 57 737 -1 27 452

12 102 82 324 334 299 58 844 313 951 89 334 0 57 439

10 045 85 492 317 791 73 406 426 032 102 449 17 388 -118 294

15 659 111 727 346 178 64 273 428 982 60 912 3 626 -40 161

20 173 152 113 364 536 0 420 363 47 081 3 758 42 531

38 701 230 965 384 856 0 388 818 39 600 2 638 55 414

43 364 235 522 368 221 0 291 430 41 378 2 946 81 402

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

883 200 422

1 668 000 716

3 906 400 1 484

4 517 700 1 690

4 969 900 1 748

5 694 600 1 813

7 613 900 2 225

7 411 100 2 134

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.85 2.41 2.30 0.84 2.41

3.16 3.70 3.66 1.70 3.98

7.07 7.91 7.28 4.12 8.81

8.27 10.60 10.83 5.60 8.40

8.03 10.68 10.03 5.10 8.56

8.50 11.81 10.89 5.37 8.93

10.52 13.12 11.57 6.34 12.10

10.81 14.34 12.62 6.90 11.43

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

OREGON

407

Table OR-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

6 103 071

100.0

1 697.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

15 865

0.3

4.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

748 882 748 882 52 167 404 547 265 348

12.3 12.3 0.9 6.6 4.3

208.3 208.3 14.5 112.5 73.8

1 003.4 326.4 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

651 016 39 882 418 903 31 752 131 592

10.7 0.7 6.9 0.5 2.2

181.1 11.1 116.5 8.8 36.6

134.9 4.2 59.4 6.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

4 687 308 4 270 740 320 065 73 608

76.8 70.0 5.2 1.2

1 303.8 1 188.0 89.0 20.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Oregon

2,000

Dollars

Oregon’s per capita revenues and expenditures were slightly below the national average in 2003. Spending per capita on natural resources, hospitals, highways, government administration, and correctional facilities was above average, while expenditures on health were below average. The state’s taxes per person were significantly below average, ranking 40th in the nation. The state did not have a general sales tax, making individual income taxes the largest source of revenue. Oregon’s individual income taxes of $1,188 in fiscal year 2004 were the fourth highest in the nation. Debt per capita was below average, amounting to $2,094.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table OR-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

13 282 526 4 215 696 5 701 691 0 746 272 576 207 4 023 579 225 501 130 132 1 959 153 1 405 986

100.0 31.7 42.9 0.0 5.6 4.3 30.3 1.7 1.0 14.7 10.6

3 726.9 1 182.9 1 599.8 0.0 209.4 161.7 1 129.0 63.3 36.5 549.7 394.5

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

14 130 154 4 071 501 10 058 653

100.0 28.8 71.2

3 964.7 1 142.4 2 822.3

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 815 553 3 818 049 741 215 256 379 1 126 861 180 957 533 090 426 280 64 010 909 024 285 327 973 409

34.1 27.0 5.2 1.8 8.0 1.3 3.8 3.0 0.5 6.4 2.0 6.9

1 351.2 1 071.3 208.0 71.9 316.2 50.8 149.6 119.6 18.0 255.1 80.1 273.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

7 463 722

X

2 094.2

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

50 892 797

X

14 279.7

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

408

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table OR-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 2 428

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.4 25.9

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

554 071 40.2 ... 1 262 20.6 7 491

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

207 579 15 601 57.0

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Oregon

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

More than 87 percent of Oregon’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, which was above the national average and ranked 24th in the nation. The proportion of college graduates among the same age group fell short of the national average, but also ranked 24th in the country. Oregon’s expenditures per student of $7,491 were below average. The state’s student/teacher ratio was the fourth highest in the nation, despite Oregon’s below average proportion of student-age population. Among the 46 states reporting dropout data, Oregon ranked 15th with a rate of 4.9 percent.

Voter turnout was above the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections, but was particularly strong in 2004, when Oregon had the fifth highest participation rate in the nation. More than 80 percent of eligible voters over 45 years old voted in 2004. However, less than 38 percent of eligible Asian voters and 21.7 percent of eligible Hispanic voters turned out in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, Oregon’s voters cast 47 percent of their votes for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion increased to 51.3 percent in 2004.

Table OR-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 515 1 219 1 296

2 295 1 106 1 189

91.3 90.7 91.7

1 714 806 908

68.2 66.1 70.1

1 529 712 817

60.8 58.4 63.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 727 1 340 1 387

2 600 1 266 1 333

95.3 94.5 96.1

2 049 972 1 078

75.2 72.5 77.7

1 924 911 1 013

70.6 68.0 73.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 498 2 348 48 103 165 2 540 2 386 52 111

2 405 2 334 48 81 79 2 446 2 372 52 90

96.3 99.4 B 78.7 47.9 96.3 99.4 B 80.3

1 941 1 902 21 41 41 1 970 1 929 26 47

77.7 81.0 B 39.4 25.0 77.6 80.8 B 41.9

1 824 1 791 21 39 36 1 853 1 817 26 44

73.0 76.2 B 37.6 21.7 72.9 76.1 B 39.4

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

297 1 056 899 254 221

280 974 876 250 221

94.1 92.3 97.4 98.1 100.0

167 722 750 214 196

56.1 68.4 83.4 84.0 89.0

140 669 723 209 183

47.2 63.4 80.4 82.2 83.0

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

PENNSYLVANIA At a Glance: •

Pennsylvania’s population was 12.4 million in 2004, making it the sixth most populous state in the country. Its population increase of just 1.0 percent from 2000 to 2004 was among the lowest in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites accounted for nearly 83 percent of the population. Pennsylvania had the third highest proportion of population age 65 years and over. Median household income was below the national average in 2004, as was the state’s poverty rate of 11.3 percent. Pennsylvania’s unemployment rate was 5.5 percent, identical to the national average. Real gross state product growth slowed as result of the 2001 recession, and its subsequent recovery ccurred at a below average rate. Less than 12 percent of the state’s population lacked health insurance in 2004, which was well below the national average rate of 15.7 percent. The educational attainment levels of the state’s population age 25 years and over were close to the national averages, ranking 30th for proportion with a high school diploma and 29th for proportion with a bachelor’s degrees or more.

• • •

• •

Table PA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

11 881 643 4.8

12 281 054 4.4

12 406 292 4.2

X X

0.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

5 694 265 6 187 378

5 929 663 6 351 391

6 013 662 6 392 630

48.5 51.5

0.4 0.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

797 058 1 997 752 2 373 629 9 086 833 1 226 775 3 657 323 1 829 106 171 836

727 804 2 194 417 9 358 833 1 094 449 3 508 562 2 836 657 1 919 165 237 567

719 125 2 117 884 9 569 283 1 185 180 3 294 379 3 193 221 1 896 503 290 886

5.8 17.1 77.1 9.6 26.6 25.7 15.3 2.3

-0.9 0.4 0.4 -0.3 -0.7 2.2 0.3 4.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

34.9

38.0

39.2

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5

United States Pennsylvania

1.0

1.1

0.9

0.5

0.0

1.2

0.3

0.3

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Pennsylvania’s population growth rate from 2000 to 2004 was the sixth lowest rate in the nation. However, its growth rate was higher than those of neighboring West Virginia and Ohio. Although the eastern part of the state experienced a population expansion, western Pennsylvania saw a sizable number of its residents leave the state, due to a decline in industrial employment. The state experienced a net loss of over 19,00 residents to other locations. However, over 86,000 new residents arrived from abroad. Less than 23 percent of Pennsylvania’s population was under 18 years old, which was among the smallest proportions of this age group in the nation.

409

410

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table PA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

11 881 643

12 281 054

12 406 292

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

87.7 9.0 0.1 1.2 1.0 ...

84.2 9.9 0.1 1.8 ... 0.7

82.9 10.1 0.1 2.2 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.0

3.2

3.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

18

Percent

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 12

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

6

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH The proportion of Pennsylvanians lacking health insurance was low. Pennsylvania’s infant mortality rate was above average, ranking 20th in the nation. The state’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was also higher than average. The overall birth rate and birth rate for teenage mothers were among the lowest in the nation. Table PA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

145 959 11.8 31.2

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.3

6.9

873.3 850.0 1 157.9 ... 393.9 734.0

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.9 10.7 6.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Pennsylvania

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table PA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

130 255

873.3

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

51 290 29 975 5 980 4 621 3 776 2 920 2 706 1 549 2 820 2 601 1 323 1 216 1 126 1 129 483 644 730 498 211 278 94 148

334.5 203.6 39.1 35.1 25.3 18.8 17.0 12.3 18.4 17.2 10.5 9.8 8.1 9.3 3.7 5.4 4.9 4.0 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.1

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

PENNSYLVANIA

411

Table PA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

4 495 966 3 155 989 2 502 072 653 917 146 909 507 008 1 339 977 1 150 694 189 283

4 777 003 3 208 388 2 467 673 740 715 186 022 554 693 1 568 615 1 320 941 247 674

4 817 757 3 216 764 2 448 014 768 750 200 241 568 509 1 600 993 1 359 425 241 568

0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.9 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.7 -0.6

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.57 4 938 140 4 495 966 3 176 121 1 319 845

2.48 5 249 750 4 777 003 3 406 337 1 370 666

2.48 5 385 729 4 817 757 3 506 411 1 311 346

X 0.6 0.2 0.7 -1.1

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

404 69 100

531 97 000

611 116 520

3.6 4.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Pennsylvania

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Pennsylvania

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table PA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 131 44 087 44 640 46 418 46 262

11.3 10.5 9.5 9.6 8.6

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 799 45 154 44 031 41 833 42 495 40 428 39 900 39 427 41 072 40 648

9.3 11.3 11.2 11.6 12.2 12.5 13.2 11.9 11.0 11.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 207 41 030 40 429 39 147 38 305 35 202 ... ... ... ...

10.4 10.3 10.6 10.1 10.5 15.6 15.4 13.5 11.6 9.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

412

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table PA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

9 702 692 779 1 439 1 835 1 867 1 275 1 815

6 260 337 576 1 215 1 545 1 544 808 236

64.5 48.8 73.9 84.4 84.2 82.7 63.3 13.0

5 911 275 523 1 151 1 472 1 484 779 226

5.6 18.4 9.2 5.2 4.7 3.9 3.5 4.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 621 359 376 707 902 910 630 738

3 310 169 296 647 828 806 440 124

71.6 47.1 78.8 91.6 91.8 88.6 69.8 16.8

3 103 129 265 610 789 770 421 118

6.3 23.7 10.6 5.8 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.6

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

5 082 332 403 733 934 957 645 1 077

2 950 168 280 567 717 738 368 112

58.1 50.6 69.4 77.4 76.8 77.1 57.0 10.4

2 808 146 258 541 683 714 358 108

4.8 13.0 7.7 4.6 4.8 3.3 2.7 3.4

2 639 2 597 566

1 978 1 600 362

75.0 61.6 64.0

1 911 1 549 336

3.4 3.2 7.3

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

8 561 4 106 4 455

5 552 2 961 2 592

64.9 72.1 58.2

5 279 2 803 2 476

4.9 5.3 4.5

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

893 391 502

540 255 285

60.5 65.2 56.8

476 213 263

11.8 16.3 7.7

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

170 84 86

119 68 51

69.7 80.7 58.9

110 64 47

7.1 6.4 8.1

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

320 159 160

216 118 98

67.5 74.2 60.9

199 107 92

8.0 9.4 6.3

1 203 1 623 1 669 1 157

1 028 1 377 1 398 735

85.4 84.8 83.8 63.6

986 1 318 1 348 709

4.1 4.3 3.6 3.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table PA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

6 274 731 6 185 885 6 247 254 6 163 146 6 085 795

5 926 978 5 835 076 5 897 438 5 870 495 5 831 634

347 753 350 809 349 816 292 651 254 161

5.5 5.7 5.6 4.7 4.2

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

6 077 826 6 068 343 6 085 770 5 987 872 5 900 042 5 902 687 5 923 245 5 909 823 5 841 971 5 826 666

5 809 824 5 787 593 5 775 178 5 662 126 5 554 303 5 529 551 5 504 269 5 455 450 5 437 439 5 510 009

268 002 280 750 310 592 325 746 345 739 373 136 418 976 454 373 404 532 316 657

4.4 4.6 5.1 5.4 5.9 6.3 7.1 7.7 6.9 5.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Pennsylvania

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

PENNSYLVANIA

413

Table PA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

6 979 434 83 279 6 896 155 6 103 485 19 404 27 556 33 563 379 792 845 445 508 195 337 250 248 711 821 482 241 751 147 610 346 845 176 223 431 869 63 328 336 233 225 110 835 389 122 904 412 092 388 178 792 670

6 956 046 83 977 6 872 069 6 066 218 20 313 25 675 32 181 371 864 781 983 466 242 315 741 245 230 815 759 243 387 135 862 348 566 179 221 430 511 69 282 334 121 227 694 856 065 127 999 419 981 400 524 805 851

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

34 193 18 640 34 252 34 134 21 873 46 738 68 029 40 219 41 089 41 243 40 858 46 676 21 081 35 135 48 521 52 895 32 041 56 708 64 568 24 819 28 781 31 793 22 322 13 104 21 007 35 014

35 047 23 735 35 090 34 894 22 408 47 116 71 443 41 038 42 503 42 563 42 416 47 845 21 581 35 514 47 797 54 182 33 051 57 301 64 590 25 842 30 580 32 925 23 069 13 366 22 085 36 323

6 959 905 79 405 6 880 500 6 066 223 18 256 26 709 30 656 378 407 738 849 437 623 301 226 247 023 819 635 239 928 132 277 349 631 185 429 433 314 70 557 333 078 232 102 871 104 129 303 424 277 405 688 814 277

7 026 724 79 251 6 947 473 6 136 941 17 545 28 226 29 722 383 772 718 946 429 719 289 227 250 196 827 977 242 100 126 309 347 794 192 486 441 308 75 944 354 241 235 702 888 136 133 178 430 561 412 798 810 532

0.2 -1.6 0.2 0.2 -3.3 0.8 -4.0 0.3 -5.3 -5.4 -5.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 -5.1 0.1 3.0 0.7 6.2 1.8 1.5 2.1 2.7 1.5 2.1 0.7

37 770 26 010 37 809 37 644 24 679 50 314 77 848 42 836 45 905 45 937 45 858 53 470 22 814 37 196 51 933 60 562 37 930 62 218 73 421 27 735 33 714 35 816 23 969 14 006 23 788 38 833

3.4 11.7 3.3 3.3 4.1 2.5 4.6 2.1 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.6 2.7 1.9 2.3 4.6 5.8 3.1 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.1 2.4 2.2 4.2 3.5

Dollars 36 240 23 627 36 282 36 098 23 142 48 082 75 932 41 853 44 058 44 030 44 098 49 994 22 438 35 987 49 798 56 723 35 557 58 768 67 438 26 958 32 359 34 156 23 897 13 582 22 958 37 420

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Pennsylvania’s unemployment rate rose sharply in response to the 2001 recession. However, in 2004, it remained below the rates of Ohio and New York. This reflected a low labor force participation rate rather than a strong labor market. Employment increased in 2004, as the number of jobs rose in service-providing industries, particularly health care and management. Health care and government were Pennsylvania’s largest employers. Manufacturing jobs declined throughout the 2001–2004 period, and remained well below their 2001 level in 2004. Average wages and salaries were below the national average, but grew at a faster than average rate from 2001 to 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

12.6% Health care and social assistance 11.8% 41.4%

Retail trade Government and government enterprises Manufacturing

11.5%

Professional and technical services Accommodation and food services

6.1%

10.2% 6.3%

Other

414

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table PA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

93 600 69 959 14 950 8 691 175 8 516 9 194 -431 83 975 18 022 17 695 119 692 119 289 402

171 659 124 244 27 485 19 931 594 19 337 19 763 959 152 855 47 166 34 314 234 334 233 385 949

268 169 197 702 39 089 31 378 652 30 725 30 697 3 355 240 827 66 085 57 926 364 838 363 716 1 122

273 398 202 875 40 884 29 639 447 29 192 31 880 3 389 244 907 65 227 62 205 372 339 371 429 910

281 598 206 476 45 384 29 738 -108 29 846 32 769 3 471 252 301 63 611 66 331 382 243 381 767 475

291 856 212 394 48 403 31 060 439 30 621 33 808 3 588 261 636 61 620 69 272 392 528 391 589 938

307 924 222 267 52 051 33 605 441 33 164 35 462 3 750 276 212 63 731 72 648 412 591 411 610 981

3.5 3.0 7.4 1.7 -9.3 1.9 3.7 2.8 3.5 -0.9 5.8 3.1 3.1 -3.3

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 085

19 687

29 695

30 275

31 005

31 730

33 257

2.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Pennsylvania

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Economic growth slowed as a result of the 2001 recession. While many states’ real gross state products (GSP) rebounded in 2003 and 2004, Pennsylvania’s did not. The state’s GSP growth rate during the 2003–2004 period was well below the national average, ranking 43rd in the nation. Contributing to this performance was sluggish growth in manufacturing, retail trade, and wholesale trade, which offset gains in several service-providing industries. Housing price appreciation in the state was close to the national average; in 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing ranked 34th in the country.

Year

Table PA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

362 900 4.2

377 112 4.2

385 332 4.1

391 501 4.0

396 814 4.0

404 630 4.0

415 281 4.0

427 883 4.0

2.5 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

324 330 1 665 1 888 9 440 16 131 63 805 17.6 18 697 23 948 11 693 11 727 26 296 41 899 97 682 26.9 22 023 7 443 9 414 6 591 31 525 2 640 7 942 10 104 38 642 10.6

337 583 1 908 2 281 9 440 16 312 66 943 17.8 20 752 24 736 11 990 12 709 27 970 42 805 99 920 26.5 23 362 6 998 9 759 6 724 31 467 2 982 8 342 10 286 39 582 10.5

346 803 2 065 2 392 9 779 16 688 67 301 17.5 21 582 25 760 12 160 14 213 28 026 44 428 102 517 26.6 25 097 6 966 10 617 6 606 31 978 2 787 8 349 10 117 38 536 10.0

353 120 2 547 2 344 10 237 16 613 69 806 17.8 21 340 26 378 12 338 14 412 28 358 45 704 103 041 26.3 26 369 6 319 10 243 6 648 31 977 2 840 8 652 9 993 38 381 9.8

358 720 2 241 2 237 9 760 16 786 68 436 17.2 22 746 28 272 12 530 15 374 29 300 47 798 103 346 26.0 26 958 6 017 9 890 6 547 32 850 2 818 8 497 9 769 38 098 9.6

366 509 2 111 2 321 10 071 16 393 70 532 17.4 24 175 29 642 13 074 15 845 29 273 48 392 104 983 25.9 27 084 6 042 10 239 6 563 33 805 2 962 8 596 9 692 38 140 9.4

376 972 2 334 2 106 10 745 16 348 72 215 17.4 24 219 31 698 13 733 17 188 31 045 48 213 107 685 25.9 27 904 6 467 10 621 6 540 34 674 2 996 8 659 9 824 38 360 9.2

389 075 2 035 2 087 10 881 16 327 72 873 17.0 25 391 32 880 13 978 18 279 32 800 50 023 112 244 26.2 29 155 7 159 11 267 6 423 35 737 3 022 8 951 10 530 38 878 9.1

2.7 -3.2 -2.3 3.7 -0.9 2.1 X 3.7 5.2 3.7 5.9 3.8 1.5 2.8 X 2.6 6.0 4.4 -0.6 2.8 2.4 1.8 2.5 0.7 X

X = Not applicable.

PENNSYLVANIA

415

Table PA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

16 616

32 349

54 928

58 877

63 402

66 462

69 725

6.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

8 535 7 518 415 74 527

15 983 14 684 623 199 477

23 371 22 131 634 249 357

24 509 23 281 634 243 351

25 750 24 255 644 232 619

26 438 24 941 645 241 610

27 424 25 885 656 251 632

4.1 4.0 0.9 0.2 15.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

3 731 2 266 1 452 13

11 059 7 207 3 786 66

24 160 12 756 11 348 57

26 226 14 038 12 111 78

27 793 14 939 12 748 107

29 604 15 689 13 821 94

32 409 17 051 15 241 116

7.6 7.5 7.7 19.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

2 015 312 771 384 547

2 926 637 826 692 771

4 424 1 371 756 649 1 648

4 315 1 468 455 651 1 742

4 684 1 554 487 705 1 938

5 052 1 601 499 823 2 130

5 517 1 673 544 977 2 323

5.7 5.1 -7.9 10.8 9.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

1 404

1 251

1 535

2 237

3 468

3 613

2 482

12.8

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

710

787

986

1 028

1 122

1 198

1 250

6.1

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

219

335

423

509

561

523

556

7.1

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

8

29

52

25

35

87

31.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Pennsylvania was the 14th largest exporter in 2004, with the value of its exports totaling nearly $18.5 billion. Exports were severely impacted by the 2001 recession, falling sharply in 2002, but their subsequent recovery was significant—they had grown over 17 percent by 2004. The leading export products were chemical manufactures and machinery manufactures, which together accounted for over 30 percent of the state’s exports. Exports of computers and electronic products, the state’s third leading export, fell by 25 percent from 2001 to 2004. Canada was the largest export market, followed distantly by Mexico and Japan. Exports to China more than doubled from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 11.9%

Machinery 13.1%

Primary metal manufactures 9.9% Transportation equipment 9.5%

Chemicals 17.5%

Other 38.1%

Table PA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

17 433 16 442 445 546

15 768 14 983 408 377

16 299 15 410 355 534

18 487 17 390 425 673

100.0 94.1 2.3 3.6

2.0 1.9 -1.5 7.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Primary metal manufactures (331) ........................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................

2 424 2 677 2 951 1 419 1 532

2 555 2 172 2 174 1 307 1 565

2 612 2 131 2 058 1 439 1 783

3 228 2 417 2 203 1 831 1 758

17.5 13.1 11.9 9.9 9.5

10.0 -3.4 -9.3 8.9 4.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... China .....................................................................................

15 424 5 668 1 427 993 1 205 320

14 105 5 558 1 236 861 887 425

14 501 5 849 1 112 819 846 565

16 309 6 395 1 199 924 903 781

88.2 34.6 6.5 5.0 4.9 4.2

1.9 4.1 -5.6 -2.4 -9.2 34.7

416

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table PA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

60 222 7 819 648

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

130

133

36.3 59.8 3.9

37.8 58.0 4.2

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

331 252 2 524 47 657

452 874 3 419 59 995

4 247 568 1 452 843 2 794 725 70 532

4 256 959 1 320 914 2 936 045 73 263

54.7 28.3 16.9

60.9 22.5 16.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

32 382 25.2

85 794 20.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

50.3

56.7

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

58 105 7 745 336

Cash receipts from farming totaled close to $4.3 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was a 6.5 percent increase from the 1997 farm census. Pennsylvania was among the largest providers of dairy products, which were the state’s predominant agricultural product. Sales of crops accounted for 31 percent of agricultural sales, a drop from 1997. More than 60 percent of the farms had sales of less than $10,000. Close to 39 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, and nearly 57 percent of all farm operators reported that farming was their principal occupation. ENERGY Pennsylvania’s energy prices were the 16th highest in the nation. However, energy expenditures per person totaled $2,430 in 2001, an amount very close to the national average. The state’s per capita energy consumption was below average. The chief energy sources were petroleum, coal, and nuclear power.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 2,000

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 25.4%

Residential 23.7%

1,500 1,000 500 0 -500 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 32.8%

Commercial 18.1%

Table PA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

3 253 691 287.5

3 735 144 321.4

4 111 239 348.4

3 919 939 329.2

4 039 844 340.5

3 455 730 293.6

3 696 086 311.1

3 912 484 324.8

3 954 205 322.0

3 922 516 318.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

21.3 9.4 52.8 16.5

19.3 8.6 56.8 15.3

20.7 9.2 52.6 17.5

21.4 10.5 48.5 19.6

22.7 11.2 45.8 20.2

24.2 13.5 40.1 22.1

22.8 14.8 39.5 22.8

23.6 16.0 37.4 23.1

23.9 17.6 33.2 25.3

23.7 18.1 32.8 25.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

1 530 508 540 094 1 121 324 2 674 19 646 46 454 0 -7 008

1 751 318 652 906 1 248 954 3 691 13 888 47 374 0 17 013

1 698 980 797 877 1 532 945 5 102 14 336 53 189 0 8 810

1 646 695 670 085 1 473 547 174 766 16 402 57 464 0 -119 019

1 636 051 792 780 1 461 951 131 893 7 628 140 985 0 -131 443

1 409 068 646 939 1 245 646 278 637 10 149 132 459 0 -267 170

1 469 696 680 696 1 332 560 611 503 20 699 54 627 657 -474 352

1 484 085 761 505 1 341 167 698 311 8 147 93 924 900 -475 555

1 508 093 727 483 1 433 350 769 361 19 174 99 351 1 076 -603 685

1 378 522 669 071 1 454 352 770 339 10 526 95 251 1 100 -456 644

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

4 796 000 406

9 716 300 816

18 739 700 1 580

20 536 800 1 745

22 287 700 1 876

24 074 000 1 999

29 107 700 2 370

29 887 600 2 430

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.47 1.97 1.90 0.79 2.48

3.25 3.96 4.35 2.25 4.16

6.37 7.09 7.30 4.29 8.86

8.39 10.60 10.99 6.02 8.67

8.50 11.74 11.50 5.57 8.74

8.74 12.18 11.97 5.47 8.78

10.66 13.77 13.38 6.41 11.39

11.20 15.29 14.89 7.25 10.58

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

PENNSYLVANIA

417

Table PA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

25 346 869

100.0

2 043.1

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

68 389

0.3

5.5

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

12 529 644 7 773 131 4 756 513 221 408 639 578 1 785 200 1 016 641 981 253

49.4 30.7 18.8 0.9 2.5 7.0 4.0 3.9

1 010.0 626.6 383.4 17.8 51.6 143.9 82.0 79.1

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

2 547 849 787 502 792 430 763 240

10.1 3.1 3.1 3.0

205.4 63.5 63.9 61.5

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

10 200 987 7 323 364 1 677 998 708 587 470 789

40.2 28.9 6.6 2.8 1.9

822.3 590.3 135.3 57.1 38.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Pennsylvania

2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were below the national averages in 2003. Spending per capita was below average on education and health, but outlays were well above average for public welfare, highways, and police protection. Pennsylvania’s per capita taxes were slightly above average, ranking 20th in the nation. The chief sources of tax revenues were general sales taxes, individual income taxes, and motor fuel taxes. The state’s individual income taxes ranked 33rd among the 43 states with such taxes. The debt per person amounted to $1,967, which was below average and ranked 29th in the nation.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table PA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

46 904 770 14 466 919 23 187 302 7 561 149 4 410 858 2 213 875 6 661 780 1 189 314 1 150 326 5 642 131 3 608 418

100.0 30.8 49.4 16.1 9.4 4.7 14.2 2.5 2.5 12.0 7.7

3 791.5 1 169.4 1 874.3 611.2 356.6 179.0 538.5 96.1 93.0 456.1 291.7

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

48 252 480 11 943 470 36 309 010

100.0 24.8 75.2

3 900.4 965.4 2 935.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

14 838 088 16 085 269 1 945 368 1 495 004 5 032 532 1 026 678 1 359 531 579 003 171 050 2 208 949 1 087 130 2 423 878

30.8 33.3 4.0 3.1 10.4 2.1 2.8 1.2 0.4 4.6 2.3 5.0

1 199.4 1 300.2 157.2 120.8 406.8 83.0 109.9 46.8 13.8 178.6 87.9 195.9

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

24 330 327

X

1 966.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

93 430 245

X

7 552.4

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

418

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table PA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 8 272

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

86.5 25.3

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 816 747 28.3 ... 3 186 15.2 8 997

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.3

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

676 408 72 351 56.9

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Pennsylvania 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, the percentage of Pennsylvania’s residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas was above the national average. The state’s proportion of college graduates was slightly below average. Expenditures per student, reflecting Pennsylvania’s relatively high spending per capita on education, were above average and ranked 13th in the nation. Pennsylvania’s student/ teacher ratio was slightly below average, and the state’s dropout rate was below the average of the 46 states reporting such data. Just over 28 percent of the state’s students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. This was well below the national proportion of 40.6 percent.

The state’s voter turnout in the 2000 elections was close to average. In 2004, more than 62 percent of eligible voters cast ballots, which was well above the national average. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 50.6 percent of voters cast ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000, and 50.9 percent voted similarly in 2004. Asians and Hispanics (of any race) had the lowest voter participation rates in 2004. Close to 71 percent of eligible persons age 65 to 74 years turned out to vote in 2004.

Table PA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

8 950 4 287 4 663

8 687 4 154 4 533

97.1 96.9 97.2

5 847 2 836 3 011

65.3 66.1 64.6

4 988 2 373 2 615

55.7 55.4 56.1

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

9 356 4 467 4 889

9 055 4 311 4 743

96.8 96.5 97.0

6 481 3 052 3 429

69.3 68.3 70.1

5 845 2 740 3 105

62.5 61.3 63.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

8 218 7 998 853 210 255 8 259 8 038 889 210

8 036 7 886 816 135 179 8 077 7 927 851 135

97.8 98.6 95.6 64.3 70.3 97.8 98.6 95.8 64.3

5 853 5 769 523 60 95 5 884 5 800 549 60

71.2 72.1 61.3 28.7 37.5 71.2 72.2 61.8 28.7

5 291 5 209 474 43 88 5 316 5 234 500 43

64.4 65.1 55.6 20.5 34.5 64.4 65.1 56.3 20.5

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

1 101 3 257 3 275 874 849

1 048 3 101 3 199 863 844

95.2 95.2 97.7 98.7 99.5

547 2 214 2 429 658 632

49.7 68.0 74.2 75.3 74.5

448 1 958 2 280 619 540

40.7 60.1 69.6 70.8 63.7

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

RHODE ISLAND At a Glance: •

Rhode Island was the smallest state in the nation in terms of land area. (However, the District of Columbia was smaller in size.) With a population of 1.1 million, the state ranked 43rd in the country for population size. Residents were largely non-Hispanic White; this racial group accounted for over 80 percent of the population. In 2004, Hispanics (of any race) made up 10.3 percent of Rhode Island’s population, which was the 13th highest proportion of this ethnic group in the nation. Just 11.4 percent of the state’s residents lacked health insurance, compared to 15.7 percent for the nation as a whole. Median household income was well above the national average, ranking 14th in the country. Rhode Island’s poverty rate of 11.5 percent was below average. The state’s unemployment rate was 5.2 percent in 2004, compared to the national average of 5.5 percent. Real gross state product was the seventh smallest in the country, and it rose moderately throughout the 2001–2004 period.

•

• • • •

Table RI-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 003 464 0.4

1 048 319 0.4

1 080 632 0.4

X X

0.8 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

481 496 521 968

503 635 544 684

521 215 559 417

48.2 51.8

0.9 0.7

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

66 969 158 721 185 628 777 774 120 358 321 241 150 547 16 016

63 896 183 926 800 497 106 607 310 636 230 852 152 402 20 897

61 538 182 275 836 819 112 484 305 401 268 347 150 587 26 290

5.7 16.9 77.4 10.4 28.3 24.8 13.9 2.4

-0.8 1.0 0.5 -0.5 -0.3 2.7 0.0 3.8

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.8

36.7

38.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Rhode Island 1.0

1.2

1.1

0.9 0.8 0.6

0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Rhode Island’s population increased by 3.1 percent from 2000 to 2004. This was below both the national average growth rate and the rate of its fast-growing neighbor, Connecticut, but above the growth rate of its northern neighbor, Massachusetts. The state’s birth rate was the sixth lowest in the nation. However, Rhode Island was able to add to its population through migration. The state benefited from 15,990 new residents from abroad and nearly 6,000 new residents from other states; when combined, these new residents accounted for more than twothirds of Rhode Island’s population growth. In 2004, persons age 65 years and over accounted for 13.9 percent of the population, the 8th highest proportion of this age group in the nation.

419

420

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table RI-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 003 464

1 048 319

1 080 632

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

89.3 3.4 0.4 1.8 2.5 ...

82.9 4.5 0.4 2.4 ... 1.1

80.5 4.8 0.4 2.7 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

4.6

8.7

10.3

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

20

American Indian, Alaska Native

15

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Percent

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Asian and Pacific Islander 10 Non-Hispanic Black 5 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Rhode Island’s infant mortality rate was below the national average. Its age-adjusted death rates were below average for most causes of death. The state’s birth rate was among the six lowest in the nation, and the birth rate for teenage mothers was also below average. Table RI-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

13 209 12.3 31.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.7

6.9

811.7 810.0 926.3 ... 456.6 460.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.4 7.4 4.3

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Rhode Island

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table RI-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

10 098

811.7

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

3 930 2 412 511 268 273 319 252 89 128 137 83 52 117 101 71 38 81 30 18 16 7 12

306.3 201.1 40.6 22.9 22.3 24.2 18.5 8.1 10.0 10.9 7.6 4.8 10.3 9.4 6.4 3.6 6.3 2.8 1.6 1.2 0.6 1.1

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

RHODE ISLAND

421

Table RI-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

377 977 258 886 202 283 56 603 12 261 44 342 119 091 99 111 19 980

408 424 265 398 196 757 68 641 16 032 52 609 143 026 116 678 26 348

409 767 267 908 191 449 76 459 18 837 57 622 141 859 113 819 28 040

0.1 0.2 -0.7 2.7 4.1 2.3 -0.2 -0.6 1.6

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.55 414 572 377 977 224 792 153 185

2.47 439 837 408 424 245 156 163 268

2.53 446 305 409 767 253 102 156 665

X 0.4 0.1 0.8 -1.0

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

489 132 700

553 133 000

740 240 150

7.6 15.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

60,000

1,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

40,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States Rhode Island

20,000 United States

250

Rhode Island 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table RI-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

48 129 45 913 44 555 48 791 46 285

11.5 11.5 11.0 9.6 10.2

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

48 422 47 088 40 839 44 335 43 522 40 254 43 137 40 153 41 706 44 801

10.0 11.6 12.7 11.0 10.6 10.3 11.2 12.4 10.4 7.5

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

44 316 45 787 44 989 43 641 41 232 37 393 ... ... ... ...

6.7 9.8 8.1 9.1 9.0 12.8 14.5 13.3 11.7 10.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

422

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table RI-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

848 67 72 133 169 152 111 145

562 35 57 109 142 125 79 16

66.4 51.7 78.9 82.6 83.6 82.6 71.4 11.1

532 30 51 103 136 121 76 16

5.4 14.5 9.2 6.2 3.9 3.4 4.0 2.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

402 34 37 63 82 73 52 62

288 18 29 57 73 62 39 9

71.5 51.2 79.2 91.3 89.4 85.5 75.3 14.5

272 15 26 53 71 60 37 9

5.5 16.0 9.6 7.0 2.7 3.9 4.5 1.5

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

445 32 35 70 87 79 59 83

275 17 27 52 68 63 40 7

61.7 52.2 78.7 74.7 78.2 80.0 67.9 8.6

261 15 25 50 65 61 39 7

5.2 13.0 8.9 5.2 5.2 2.8 3.5 2.8

212 211 58

159 138 41

75.1 65.5 70.4

154 133 38

3.1 3.9 7.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

765 361 403

506 259 247

66.2 71.6 61.3

481 245 236

4.9 5.2 4.6

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

47 23 24

32 15 17

68.7 66.1 71.3

29 14 15

11.0 10.2 11.7

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

23 12 11

16 9 7

69.0 76.8 60.6

14 8 6

8.6 7.1 10.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

71 35 36

47 25 22

66.6 73.2 60.4

44 24 20

7.7 7.3 8.1

116 153 137 103

96 128 114 74

83.3 83.7 83.4 71.8

91 124 110 71

5.7 3.3 3.4 3.6

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table RI-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

562 289 568 712 556 196 544 814 542 952

533 313 537 873 527 991 520 008 520 922

28 976 30 839 28 205 24 806 22 030

5.2 5.4 5.1 4.6 4.1

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

541 407 534 011 531 882 517 429 508 872 515 881 526 673 530 139 523 070 525 851

518 848 509 551 504 147 489 929 477 409 480 669 484 965 483 329 480 591 493 674

22 559 24 460 27 735 27 500 31 463 35 212 41 708 46 810 42 479 32 177

4.2 4.6 5.2 5.3 6.2 6.8 7.9 8.8 8.1 6.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Rhode Island

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

RHODE ISLAND

423

Table RI-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

586 774 1 440 585 334 508 406 D D D 28 874 70 169 46 901 23 268 17 950 61 027 D 12 352 30 824 16 535 33 279 6 804 29 831 23 254 76 675 12 772 42 059 29 433 76 928

588 988 1 464 587 524 510 247 D D D D 64 772 42 787 21 985 18 162 62 445 D 12 341 31 188 16 848 33 619 6 778 29 263 23 788 78 435 13 224 43 136 30 741 77 277

597 005 1 472 595 533 517 908 2 349 623 1 234 31 278 60 793 39 758 21 035 18 225 63 166 12 357 12 315 31 668 18 006 34 393 7 843 29 193 24 582 80 650 13 462 44 450 31 321 77 625

604 079 1 361 602 718 525 972 2 286 651 1 156 31 656 59 069 D D 18 095 63 231 12 213 12 184 31 901 19 094 35 469 8 606 31 937 25 506 82 086 13 719 45 228 31 885 76 746

1.0 -1.9 1.0 1.1 ... ... ... 3.1 -5.6 ... ... 0.3 1.2 ... -0.5 1.2 4.9 2.1 8.1 2.3 3.1 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 -0.1

36 925 26 140 36 938 35 588 34 788 44 618 66 130 43 648 40 852 D D 51 602 24 508 32 635 59 160 56 599 34 078 53 653 78 409 24 195 31 623 34 974 21 815 15 394 23 477 44 574

3.9 12.1 3.9 3.8 ... ... ... 2.6 3.6 ... ... 3.0 3.7 ... 4.3 5.2 4.2 3.5 7.9 3.1 4.2 4.6 3.3 2.7 3.8 4.5

Dollars AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

32 898 18 557 32 917 31 813 D D D 40 426 36 701 37 772 34 543 47 185 21 985 D 52 121 48 672 30 116 48 386 62 443 22 072 27 971 30 546 19 786 14 221 21 007 39 039

34 153 24 390 34 166 32 902 D D D D 38 047 38 740 36 700 47 877 23 017 D 48 489 51 304 31 299 49 915 63 891 22 158 29 397 32 738 20 933 14 775 22 175 41 131

35 727 20 196 35 749 34 497 33 530 45 314 70 346 43 533 39 146 39 457 38 560 49 701 23 885 31 835 52 896 53 988 33 420 52 387 83 977 23 080 30 887 33 511 22 216 15 014 22 723 42 681

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other" consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET Rhode Island’s unemployment rate has been below the national average for many years. However, the state’s unemployment rate of 5.2 percent in 2004 was higher than any of its New England neighbors. Employment rose slowly over the 2001–2004 period, as a sharp decline in manufacturing jobs was offset by increases in retail trade and in several service-providing industries, particularly health care. In 2004, health care, government, and retail trade were Rhode Island’s largest employers. Average wages and salaries ranked 21st in the nation; however, their rate of growth from 2001 to 2004 was the 4th highest in the country.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.6%

Health care and social assistance Government and government enterprises

40.1%

12.7%

Retail trade Manufacturing

10.5%

Accommodation and food services Professional and technical services

5.9%

7.5%

9.8%

Other

424

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table RI-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

6 890 5 273 1 080 536 2 535 746 124 6 268 1 484 1 428 9 181 9 174 7

14 167 10 634 2 403 1 130 20 1 110 1 716 665 13 117 4 123 2 887 20 126 20 096 30

21 271 16 062 3 344 1 866 1 1 864 2 619 1 344 19 996 5 713 4 988 30 697 30 682 15

22 376 16 576 3 496 2 303 ... 2 303 2 748 1 341 20 969 5 951 5 559 32 478 32 465 14

23 249 17 202 3 879 2 168 -2 2 170 2 867 1 306 21 688 6 057 5 899 33 644 33 629 15

24 586 18 157 4 204 2 225 1 2 224 3 025 1 288 22 849 5 982 6 090 34 921 34 904 16

25 885 18 892 4 558 2 435 2 2 433 3 160 1 366 24 091 6 275 6 570 36 936 36 917 18

5.0 4.1 8.1 6.9 9.8 6.9 4.8 0.4 4.8 2.4 7.1 4.7 4.7 5.5

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 677

20 006

29 214

30 680

31 475

32 452

34 180

4.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

. . . = Not available.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Rhode Island

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Real gross state product (GSP) rose moderately throughout the 2001–2004 period, but did not experience the rebound in economic activity felt by many other states from 2003 to 2004. Consequently, Rhode Island’s growth rate of 3.5 percent from 2003 to 2004 was well below the national average and ranked 36th in the country. Slow growth in the industrial sector and in retail trade offset the more substantial growth rates in many of the serviceproviding industries. Real estate and related activity contributed substantially to the GSP growth in 2004. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Rhode Island was the sixth highest in the nation in 2004.

Table RI-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

30 438 0.4

30 958 0.3

31 794 0.3

33 835 0.3

34 493 0.4

35 025 0.3

36 547 0.4

37 809 0.4

3.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

26 542 42 9 677 1 591 3 848 12.6 1 456 1 743 477 1 130 3 203 4 064 8 286 27.2 1 577 645 793 646 2 865 254 789 717 3 899 12.8

27 056 41 10 589 1 701 3 813 12.3 1 597 1 821 522 1 052 3 360 4 075 8 482 27.4 1 644 634 805 661 2 951 237 814 736 3 903 12.6

27 833 40 10 631 1 879 3 766 11.8 1 686 1 966 542 1 085 3 455 4 206 8 577 27.0 1 712 624 802 662 2 918 251 890 718 3 962 12.5

29 695 40 10 760 1 808 4 042 11.9 1 713 2 157 569 1 100 4 480 4 338 8 678 25.6 1 750 644 807 680 2 852 267 953 725 4 140 12.2

30 328 83 10 650 1 839 3 879 11.2 1 817 2 307 520 1 259 4 732 4 632 8 608 25.0 1 769 530 783 664 2 897 286 957 722 4 165 12.1

30 815 87 12 619 1 863 3 833 10.9 1 927 2 567 550 1 306 4 564 4 631 8 880 25.4 1 805 540 781 665 3 072 303 991 723 4 211 12.0

32 361 91 11 654 2 010 3 879 10.6 1 946 2 750 605 1 488 4 907 4 646 9 425 25.8 1 949 799 810 667 3 142 314 1 018 726 4 194 11.5

33 541 92 10 649 1 968 3 949 10.4 1 952 2 857 598 1 745 5 256 4 821 9 730 25.7 2 039 774 904 659 3 222 305 1 048 779 4 278 11.3

3.4 3.5 0.0 -0.1 2.3 0.6 X 2.4 7.4 4.8 11.5 3.6 1.3 4.2 X 4.8 13.5 4.9 -0.3 3.6 2.2 3.1 2.6 0.9 X

X = Not applicable.

RHODE ISLAND

425

Table RI-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

1 354

2 744

4 748

5 295

5 665

5 873

6 352

7.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

641 601 8 9 24

1 233 1 150 9 9 66

1 888 1 740 9 11 129

1 995 1 822 9 11 154

2 125 1 893 9 11 212

2 195 1 946 9 11 230

2 317 2 023 9 12 273

5.3 3.8 1.1 1.6 20.7

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

357 193 162 2

955 477 466 11

2 096 991 1 097 8

2 472 1 091 1 370 11

2 604 1 160 1 430 13

2 714 1 217 1 485 12

3 082 1 327 1 742 14

10.1 7.6 12.2 14.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

158 25 72 32 30

260 53 103 46 58

449 131 142 59 118

459 142 135 60 122

487 147 138 64 138

505 150 130 70 154

522 157 127 75 162

3.8 4.6 -2.7 6.5 8.3

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

98

178

148

187

258

261

214

9.5

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

74

85

109

113

124

132

137

6.1

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

25

30

51

59

64

61

65

6.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

3

8

10

4

5

16

17.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Rhode Island was not a large exporter, which was unsurprising given its small economy. In 2004, the value of its exports ranked fifth smallest in the nation. The state’s exports amounted to about $1.9 billion, and grew by only about 0.5 percent per year between 2001 and 2004. The chief exports were computers and electronic products, miscellaneous manufactures, and waste and scrap materials. Machinery manufactures exports fell considerably from 2001 to 2004. The state’s leading export markets were Canada and Singapore, with Canada accounting for 34 percent of Rhode Island’s exports. From 2001 to 2004, exports to the United Kingdom and Mexico declined.

Miscellaneous manufactures commodities 15.8%

Waste and scrap 12.2%

Machinery 10.0%

Computers and electronic products 19.8%

Chemicals 9.5%

Other 32.7%

Table RI-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

1 269 1 098 18 156

1 121 944 23 158

1 177 1 020 29 137

1 286 1 098 25 168

100.0 85.4 2.0 13.1

0.5 0.0 11.8 2.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................ Waste and scrap (910) .......................................................... Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................

265 164 141 236 89

206 142 145 108 126

259 154 127 122 123

254 203 157 128 123

19.8 15.8 12.2 10.0 9.5

-1.4 7.5 3.7 -18.4 11.4

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Singapore .............................................................................. United Kingdom ..................................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

1 134 352 60 125 69 47

1 022 375 79 55 75 43

1 087 408 99 51 67 41

1 167 439 85 67 65 49

90.8 34.1 6.6 5.2 5.1 3.8

1.0 7.6 12.3 -18.8 -2.1 1.0

426

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table RI-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

994 65 083

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

65

71

63.1 35.4 1.5

59.8 38.9 1.3

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

401 259 6 128 34 490

658 290 9 225 57 882

51 133 41 472 9 661 51 442

55 546 47 138 8 408 64 740

60.1 29.5 10.5

57.7 29.3 13.1

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

123 6.8

528 6.1

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

47.0

51.5

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

858 61 223

Cash receipts from farming totaled $55.6 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented a 15 percent increase from the previous farm census in 1997. Rhode Island was one of smallest agricultural states, with its value of sales ranking 49th in the country. Close to 58 percent of all farms had sales of less than $10,000. Just over half of the state’s farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. Nearly 60 percent of the state’s farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Rhode Island’s energy prices were the fifth highest in the nation. However, energy expenditures per person were $2,184 in 2001, among the 10 lowest in the country, largely reflecting the state’s low usage of energy for industrial activities. Per capita consumption was the lowest in the nation. Rhode Island’s chief sources of energy were natural gas and petroleum.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

150

Residential 31.9%

100

Transportation 28.9%

50

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 27.8%

Industrial 11.3%

Table RI-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

187 120 217.8

173 784 194.6

223 033 234.8

206 594 219.1

186 286 196.7

204 689 211.2

209 207 208.5

243 450 246.1

223 191 212.9

227 338 214.7

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

28.2 12.1 27.0 32.8

30.0 11.8 27.2 31.0

29.7 15.8 26.1 28.4

32.2 16.8 23.4 27.6

32.7 18.3 21.0 28.0

32.3 19.1 23.8 24.8

32.0 22.8 17.5 27.6

29.0 21.2 25.9 23.8

32.3 25.4 13.0 29.2

31.9 27.8 11.3 28.9

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

16 754 12 253 153 661 0 93 2 858 0 1 500

11 461 17 036 127 752 0 18 3 543 0 13 973

228 25 620 167 612 0 35 5 234 0 24 305

147 23 453 137 125 0 36 4 015 0 41 819

165 28 210 104 942 0 13 5 404 0 47 553

213 30 860 115 013 0 0 4 581 1 435 52 588

129 40 452 104 468 0 103 4 219 164 59 673

74 103 527 98 860 0 95 5 081 4 397 31 416

52 91 787 97 231 0 50 4 182 5 381 24 509

54 98 578 99 812 0 32 3 685 1 433 23 742

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

357 700 377

695 000 737

1 258 100 1 328

1 519 700 1 568

1 643 500 1 638

1 874 500 1 895

2 177 000 2 077

2 312 600 2 184

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.92 2.18 2.08 1.16 2.17

4.14 4.30 5.23 3.19 4.19

8.96 8.78 10.66 7.27 9.40

9.56 10.48 12.38 7.49 9.03

10.45 11.27 12.85 8.16 9.72

9.88 11.64 13.25 6.12 10.02

13.18 13.83 15.21 11.22 12.23

13.95 15.12 17.13 13.41 11.53

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

RHODE ISLAND

427

Table RI-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

2 408 861

100.0

2 228.4

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

1 532

0.1

1.4

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

1 305 374 804 647 500 727 43 350 133 415 88 640 115 503 104 561

54.2 33.4 20.8 1.8 5.5 3.7 4.8 4.3

1 207.6 744.4 463.2 40.1 123.4 82.0 106.8 96.7

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

94 481 56 986 30 031

3.9 2.4 1.2

87.4 52.7 27.8

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

1 007 474 899 939 69 479 25 313 12 645

41.8 37.4 2.9 1.1 0.5

932.0 832.5 64.3 23.4 11.7

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Rhode Island

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, state revenues and expenditures per person were much higher than the national averages, ranking 7th and 11th, respectively. Per capita expenditures were especially high for public welfare and government administration. Spending per person was lower for education and hospitals. In fiscal year 2004, taxes amounted to $2,228, which ranked 14th in the nation. General sales taxes, motor fuels taxes, and tobacco taxes were the state’s main source of revenue. Rhode Island ranked 15th in the nation for individual income taxes among the 46 states with such taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table RI-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

5 171 932 1 855 350 2 256 654 764 217 469 660 93 032 824 870 67 118 37 757 437 741 622 187

100.0 35.9 43.6 14.8 9.1 1.8 15.9 1.3 0.7 8.5 12.0

4 806.6 1 724.3 2 097.3 710.2 436.5 86.5 766.6 62.4 35.1 406.8 578.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

5 026 490 828 198 4 198 292

100.0 16.5 83.5

4 671.5 769.7 3 901.8

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 385 449 1 803 847 108 890 190 225 228 646 50 475 159 095 42 396 24 051 271 097 251 321 510 998

27.6 35.9 2.2 3.8 4.5 1.0 3.2 0.8 0.5 5.4 5.0 10.2

1 287.6 1 676.4 101.2 176.8 212.5 46.9 147.9 39.4 22.4 252.0 233.6 474.9

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

6 189 389

X

5 752.2

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

10 761 870

X

10 001.7

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

428

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table RI-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

709

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

81.1 27.2

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

159 205 35.7 6.1 326 13.4 10 349

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.3

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

79 489 9 108 57.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Rhode Island

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Rhode Island ranked 46th in the nation for its proportion of residents age 25 years and over with high school diplomas. In 2004, 27.2 percent of the population age 25 years and over held bachelor’s degrees or more, which ranked 20th in the nation. The state’s student/teacher ratio was among the 10 lowest in the country. Rhode Island was among seven states with per student expenditures exceeding $10,000. Of the 46 states reporting dropout data, Rhode Island ranked 17th with 4.3 percent. The state had a lower than average proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch.

Rhode Island was among five states and the District of Columbia with a drop in voter participation from 2000 to 2004. In 2000, more than 60 percent of eligible voters cast ballots, but this proportion fell to 57.4 percent in 2004. The proportion of female voters dropped by 3 percentage points; however, the female participation rate remained above that of males. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 61 percent of voters cast ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000, and 59.4 percent voted similarly in 2004.

Table RI-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

729 339 390

690 322 368

94.6 95.0 94.4

508 230 279

69.7 67.7 71.5

438 193 245

60.1 56.8 62.9

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

813 385 428

732 342 390

90.0 88.9 91.1

522 236 286

64.2 61.3 66.7

467 213 253

57.4 55.4 59.2

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

732 680 46 27 58 735 683 48 28

681 655 34 11 28 684 658 36 11

93.1 96.4 B B B 93.1 96.3 B B

494 478 19 5 17 496 480 21 5

67.4 70.3 B B B 67.4 70.3 B B

442 431 17 5 13 444 432 18 5

60.4 63.3 B B B 60.4 63.3 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

93 307 259 77 78

78 267 239 74 74

B 87.1 92.2 B B

38 179 188 61 57

B 58.2 72.3 B B

34 155 173 56 50

B 50.6 66.6 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

SOUTH CAROLINA At a Glance: •

South Carolina’s population was close to 4.2 million in 2004, ranking the state as 25th most populous in the nation. South Carolina was one of the leading destinations for people migrating from other states. More than 29 percent of the state’s population was Black, which was the fifth highest proportion of this racial group in the country. The infant mortality rate in South Carolina was the sixth highest in the nation. Median household income was well below the national average, ranking among the 10 lowest in the nation. South Carolina’s poverty rate of 14.9 percent was well above average. In 2004, the state’s unemployment rate was 6.8 percent, the fifth highest in the country. South Carolina’s economy grew at about the same pace as the national economy after the 2001 recession. In 2004, the state’s real gross state product ranked 27th in the nation. South Carolina had below average educational attainment levels.

• • • • • •

Table SC-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

3 486 703 1.4

4 012 012 1.4

4 198 068 1.4

X X

1.1 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

1 688 510 1 798 193

1 948 929 2 063 083

2 045 177 2 152 891

48.7 51.3

1.2 1.1

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

256 337 663 870 648 392 2 566 496 406 526 1 114 643 396 935 30 749

264 679 744 962 3 002 371 407 851 1 185 955 923 232 485 333 50 269

280 272 744 428 3 173 368 428 864 1 179 222 1 044 890 520 392 59 451

6.7 17.7 75.6 10.2 28.1 24.9 12.4 1.4

0.5 0.8 1.5 0.3 0.4 3.5 2.0 5.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

31.9

35.4

36.4

X

X

X = Not applicable.

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5

1.4 1.1

1.0

1.2

United States South Carolina 1.1 1.1

0.9

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

POPULATION South Carolina’s population grew at an above average rate from 2000 to 2004. The state’s birth rate was below average, but South Carolina’s population was augmented by immigration from both domestic and international sources, which together accounted for almost 60 percent of the state’s population growth. About 30,000 new residents moved in from abroad and more than 79,000 new residents arrived from other states during this period. The state’s median age was slightly older than the national average, as South Carolina had a slightly below average proportion of population under 18 years old.

Year

429

430

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SC-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

3 486 703

4 012 012

4 198 068

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

68.5 29.7 0.2 0.6 0.3 ...

66.2 29.4 0.3 0.9 ... 0.7

65.6 29.1 0.3 1.1 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.9

2.4

3.1

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

36

Percent

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 24

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

12 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

55 649 13.4 51.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

9.0

6.9

952.5 899.2 1 136.8 ... 407.0 332.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.7 7.7 5.8

15.7 11.2 7.1

. . . = Not available.

400

0 All causes

Cause

(Number, rate, percent.)

1May be of any race.

South Carolina

800

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

(Number, rate per 100,000 population.)

Table SC-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 State

United States

Table SC-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002

South Carolina had an above average proportion of its population covered by health insurance. The state’s infant mortality rate was among the highest in the nation, as were its age-adjusted death rates. The state’s birth rate for teenage mothers was the 13th highest in the nation.

Item

1,200

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

37 099

952.5

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

13 386 8 285 1 783 1 969 1 135 788 907 996 651 570 450 543 436 264 354 334 177 291 87 84 72 84

348.9 207.2 45.8 48.8 28.7 21.1 25.1 24.2 16.8 14.7 11.0 13.2 10.5 6.5 8.5 8.1 4.6 7.2 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.1

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

431

SOUTH CAROLINA

Table SC-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 258 044 928 206 710 089 218 117 41 913 176 204 329 838 281 347 48 491

1 533 854 1 072 822 783 142 289 680 62 722 226 958 461 032 383 142 77 890

1 611 401 1 101 678 804 775 296 903 72 629 224 274 509 723 429 494 80 229

1.2 0.7 0.7 0.6 3.7 -0.3 2.5 2.9 0.7

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.68 1 424 155 1 258 044 878 704 379 340

2.53 1 753 670 1 533 854 1 107 617 426 237

2.52 1 890 682 1 611 401 1 123 764 487 637

X 1.9 1.2 0.4 3.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

376 60 700

510 94 900

610 113 910

4.6 4.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States South Carolina

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States South Carolina

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table SC-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 747 39 513 39 718 40 268 41 210

14.9 12.7 14.3 15.1 11.1

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 330 38 501 40 211 41 553 35 783 37 629 33 539 36 387 37 144 40 270

11.7 13.7 13.1 13.0 19.9 13.8 18.7 19.0 16.4 16.2

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

35 010 39 175 39 832 36 123 33 548 35 138 ... ... ... ...

17.0 15.5 15.6 17.3 15.2 17.2 20.8 21.2 18.4 16.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

432

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SC-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

3 193 247 311 527 570 594 449 495

2 077 92 231 448 481 477 273 76

65.1 37.3 74.3 84.9 84.3 80.3 60.8 15.4

1 935 77 199 414 458 454 261 72

6.9 16.8 13.8 7.4 4.8 4.8 4.4 5.1

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 510 123 154 247 282 271 227 206

1 075 47 120 225 258 231 150 44

71.2 38.3 77.7 91.1 91.7 85.5 66.1 21.1

1 004 40 101 208 247 222 143 42

6.7 15.2 15.4 7.7 4.6 4.0 4.3 2.5

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 683 124 157 280 288 323 222 289

1 002 45 111 222 222 246 123 33

59.5 36.3 70.9 79.3 77.1 76.0 55.4 11.3

931 37 98 207 211 232 117 30

7.1 18.5 12.1 7.1 5.0 5.5 4.6 8.6

842 832 225

628 529 159

74.6 63.5 70.6

608 510 141

3.2 3.6 11.1

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

2 254 1 092 1 162

1 469 785 684

65.2 71.9 58.9

1 387 744 642

5.6 5.2 6.0

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

892 395 498

573 272 301

64.2 69.0 60.4

514 242 272

10.2 11.0 9.4

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men .......................................................

59 37

46 32

77.8 86.6

44 30

4.6 5.3

White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

358 404 397 352

307 341 329 216

85.9 84.4 82.9 61.2

285 326 320 206

7.3 4.5 2.9 4.6

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

112 159 158 189 91

79 131 132 141 54

70.8 82.1 83.7 74.7 59.0

62 120 125 128 52

22.5 8.3 5.5 9.0 3.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table SC-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

2 046 179 2 013 061 1 966 724 1 955 527 1 965 089

1 906 572 1 878 397 1 849 036 1 850 436 1 895 902

139 607 134 664 117 688 105 091 69 187

6.8 6.7 6.0 5.4 3.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 956 674 1 918 305 1 903 857 1 892 377 1 849 866 1 840 416 1 827 755 1 792 544 1 760 801 1 722 150

1 876 895 1 849 075 1 819 508 1 785 646 1 754 633 1 729 363 1 696 068 1 673 620 1 653 770 1 638 580

79 779 69 230 84 349 106 731 95 233 111 053 131 687 118 924 107 031 83 570

4.1 3.6 4.4 5.6 5.1 6.0 7.2 6.6 6.1 4.9

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

South Carolina

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

SOUTH CAROLINA

433

Table SC-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

2 265 724 32 003 2 233 721 1 854 932 13 533 2 462 12 560 158 670 320 491 153 063 167 428 69 714 273 725 61 738 33 409 79 646 69 159 95 193 11 274 140 917 26 772 153 544 37 349 170 425 124 351 378 789

2 259 264 33 028 2 226 236 1 847 730 13 491 2 341 12 316 156 271 297 073 143 353 153 720 69 494 271 537 61 230 32 076 82 963 71 115 96 354 10 861 140 733 28 144 159 242 38 121 174 539 129 829 378 506

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

28 722 18 176 28 762 28 560 23 583 38 700 55 050 31 045 35 847 36 430 35 318 39 973 20 772 31 584 38 660 39 362 27 458 45 445 44 811 22 790 20 177 31 337 16 592 12 741 19 765 29 595

29 525 17 732 29 574 29 221 23 240 39 534 55 390 31 356 37 583 37 983 37 213 41 499 21 213 32 264 38 327 40 775 27 982 45 522 48 024 23 976 20 911 31 881 16 794 12 974 20 246 31 006

2 275 330 31 822 2 243 508 1 864 768 12 899 2 514 12 168 159 044 283 373 138 246 145 127 69 405 272 944 60 770 31 484 85 474 74 630 98 443 10 547 146 458 29 480 164 670 39 118 179 631 131 716 378 740

2 313 823 32 652 2 281 171 1 901 951 12 915 2 511 12 013 162 592 275 220 137 179 138 041 72 267 279 668 61 588 30 692 86 419 78 093 100 965 10 310 156 868 30 397 168 813 39 938 186 594 134 088 379 220

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 -1.5 0.7 -1.5 0.8 -4.9 -3.6 -6.2 1.2 0.7 -0.1 -2.8 2.8 4.1 2.0 -2.9 3.6 4.3 3.2 2.3 3.1 2.5 0.0

31 444 17 752 31 502 31 022 24 662 42 632 63 307 33 591 40 753 41 421 40 092 44 893 22 311 34 589 42 698 43 827 29 775 47 250 61 064 25 434 22 297 33 822 17 621 13 521 21 612 33 481

3.1 -0.8 3.1 2.8 1.5 3.3 4.8 2.7 4.4 4.4 4.3 3.9 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.6 2.7 1.3 10.9 3.7 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.2

Dollars 30 334 14 669 30 395 29 969 24 183 39 815 58 925 32 450 38 994 39 551 38 467 42 733 21 711 33 502 39 741 42 212 28 072 45 772 54 057 24 635 21 509 32 554 16 953 13 230 20 836 32 126

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET South Carolina’s unemployment rate has been well above the national average and higher than those of neighboring Georgia and North Carolina since the 2001 recession. Employment declined in 2002, following the 2001 recession, but began to recover thereafter (and was particularly strong in 2004). Total employment grew at an above average rate from 2003 to 2004. The service-providing sector added jobs steadily and retail trade experienced moderate job growth. However, employment in manufacturing fell throughout the 2001–2004 period. Average wages and salaries were among the lowest in the nation, but grew at an above average rate from 2001 to 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.4%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

37.2% 12.1%

Manufacturing Accommodation and food services Health care and social assistance

11.9% 7.0% 7.3%

8.1%

Construction Other

434

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SC-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

19 699 15 393 2 950 1 356 -60 1 417 1 777 320 18 242 2 939 3 088 24 270 24 242 27

43 049 32 784 7 157 3 108 189 2 919 4 817 505 38 737 9 845 7 064 55 647 55 359 288

72 441 54 757 11 424 6 260 358 5 902 8 132 1 398 65 707 17 289 15 274 98 270 97 789 481

74 323 55 826 11 916 6 581 433 6 149 8 425 1 371 67 270 17 216 16 982 101 468 100 891 577

76 302 56 816 13 356 6 130 42 6 088 8 736 1 391 68 957 16 654 18 443 104 054 103 862 192

79 551 58 424 14 643 6 484 414 6 070 9 070 1 408 71 889 16 291 19 480 107 660 107 129 532

84 005 61 311 15 664 7 030 416 6 613 9 523 1 499 75 982 16 919 21 088 113 988 113 415 574

3.8 2.9 8.2 2.9 3.9 2.9 4.0 1.8 3.7 -0.5 8.4 3.8 3.8 4.5

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

7 743

15 894

24 424

24 985

25 343

25 950

27 153

2.7

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States South Carolina

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

South Carolina’s real gross state product (GSP) grew at about the national average rate from 2001 to 2004; however, this growth slowed somewhat during the 2003–2004 period. The leading contributors to growth were manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, information services, real estate and related activities, and government. By 2004, construction had risen back to its 2001 level, but remained below its 2000 level. Housing values in South Carolina have risen at a below average rate in recent years. The median value of owner-occupied housing in the state was $113,910 in 2004, ranking 35th in the country.

Table SC-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

103 331 1.2

107 537 1.2

111 486 1.2

112 831 1.2

114 539 1.2

116 437 1.2

119 973 1.2

124 836 1.2

2.9 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

87 560 868 138 2 905 6 375 23 830 23.1 5 156 8 143 2 412 2 316 4 348 10 823 20 214 19.6 4 021 865 2 799 473 5 102 946 3 329 2 679 15 773 15.3

91 298 795 154 2 808 6 631 24 142 22.4 5 876 8 610 2 486 2 466 4 715 11 375 21 225 19.7 4 494 797 2 928 485 5 224 1 020 3 479 2 798 16 235 15.1

94 620 872 173 3 039 6 614 23 296 20.9 6 212 9 169 2 604 2 579 4 899 12 097 23 085 20.7 4 648 767 4 204 518 5 400 1 156 3 663 2 729 16 862 15.1

95 381 1 080 175 2 935 6 303 23 487 20.8 6 133 9 245 2 812 2 863 4 933 12 411 23 004 20.4 4 550 706 4 159 519 5 616 974 3 723 2 757 17 451 15.5

97 201 1 101 142 3 019 6 151 23 503 20.5 6 655 9 633 2 707 3 061 4 940 13 148 23 168 20.2 4 899 646 3 914 518 6 039 878 3 625 2 649 17 340 15.1

98 940 847 137 2 920 6 006 23 942 20.6 6 907 9 970 2 741 3 167 5 468 13 149 23 756 20.4 4 996 657 4 100 523 6 254 900 3 683 2 643 17 502 15.0

102 396 1 123 142 3 251 6 077 24 816 20.7 6 824 10 658 2 809 3 400 5 773 13 045 24 609 20.5 5 145 730 4 386 512 6 450 911 3 818 2 657 17 606 14.7

106 612 1 037 131 3 482 6 139 25 642 20.5 7 237 11 342 2 851 3 714 6 020 13 534 25 691 20.6 5 302 761 4 692 505 6 649 925 4 010 2 847 18 250 14.6

3.1 -2.0 -2.7 4.9 -0.1 2.9 X 2.8 5.6 1.7 6.7 6.8 1.0 3.5 X 2.7 5.6 6.2 -0.8 3.3 1.8 3.4 2.4 1.7 X

X = Not applicable.

SOUTH CAROLINA

435

Table SC-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 872

6 610

14 340

15 930

17 429

18 338

19 898

8.5

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 406 1 354 37 13 2

3 261 3 119 66 72 5

6 151 5 910 88 140 13

6 652 6 358 91 163 41

7 068 6 769 96 189 14

7 413 7 096 99 200 18

7 807 7 478 101 209 20

6.1 6.1 3.6 10.5 10.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

584 308 263 13

2 062 995 988 78

5 734 2 895 2 756 83

6 535 3 235 3 182 118

7 066 3 492 3 407 168

7 342 3 722 3 471 149

8 450 4 125 4 143 182

10.2 9.3 10.7 21.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

445 126 72 190 57

673 245 96 195 137

1 608 443 112 240 813

1 629 459 55 284 830

1 928 466 62 368 1 032

2 166 484 63 459 1 160

2 335 506 32 519 1 278

9.8 3.4 -26.9 21.3 12.0 18.1

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

150

145

207

398

573

570

404

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

228

275

469

507

568

612

655

8.7

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

59

86

153

184

211

218

231

10.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

107

18

25

15

17

16

-3.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, South Carolina was the 18th largest exporter in the nation, with goods amounting to $13.4 billion. This was an increase of more than 34 percent from 2001. The largest exports were transportation equipment and chemical manufactures, which together accounted for nearly half of the state’s exports. Computers and electronic products were the fastest-growing export, increasing from $429 million in 2001 to $1.4 billion in 2004. The leading overseas markets were Canada and Germany. Exports to Germany, the second leading market, nearly doubled from 2001 to 2004. The Netherlands and China were also among the state’s fastest-growing export markets.

Chemicals 14.7%

Machinery 11.1% Transportation equipment 32.6%

Computers and electronic products 10.7%

Other 23.7%

Plastic and rubber products 7.1%

Table SC-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

9 956 9 762 78 117

9 656 9 445 87 125

11 773 11 540 111 122

13 376 13 007 237 132

100.0 97.2 1.8 1.0

10.3 10.0 45.1 4.0

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Plastic and rubber products (326) ..........................................

3 099 1 573 1 355 429 758

2 761 1 665 1 298 573 805

4 333 1 691 1 271 915 843

4 367 1 970 1 486 1 427 954

32.6 14.7 11.1 10.7 7.1

12.1 7.8 3.1 49.2 8.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ Mexico ................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Netherlands ...........................................................................

8 891 2 352 1 454 731 1 203 203

8 612 2 411 1 685 782 556 213

10 569 2 598 2 703 752 817 299

11 919 2 819 2 816 869 825 556

89.1 21.1 21.1 6.5 6.2 4.2

10.3 6.2 24.6 5.9 -11.8 39.9

436

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table SC-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

25 807 4 974 138

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

193

197

38.6 53.0 8.4

41.7 49.9 8.3

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

293 342 1 552 40 896

410 897 2 067 53 108

1 679 193 821 107 858 086 65 067

1 489 750 593 245 896 505 60 705

73.1 17.5 9.4

78.4 14.8 6.8

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

30 931 34.0

38 384 24.9

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

36.7

46.4

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

24 541 4 845 923

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming amounted to nearly $1.5 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This amount ranked 35th in the nation and was a moderate decline from the amount recorded on the 1997 agriculture census. South Carolina’s leading product was poultry, followed by tobacco and cotton. Farming in the state was small-scale—over 78 percent of farms reported sales of less than $10,000, and only 46.4 percent of all farm operators indicated that farming was their principal occupation. Nearly 42 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY In 2001, energy expenditures per person in South Carolina totaled $2,430, an amount slightly above the national average. Average energy prices were slightly below average. The state ranked 18th in the nation for per capita energy consumption. South Carolina’s chief energy sources were nuclear power, petroleum, and coal.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

600

Residential 20.8% Transportation 24.7%

400

200

0

-200 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 15.2%

Industrial 39.3%

Table SC-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

489 472 205.4

555 673 222.8

747 585 288.6

844 618 291.0

1 009 962 323.5

1 088 356 329.5

1 290 691 370.2

1 443 754 390.2

1 609 554 401.2

1 548 839 381.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

22.2 7.8 44.1 25.8

19.9 8.1 45.5 26.5

20.1 9.8 43.5 26.6

19.6 13.1 40.1 27.2

19.5 13.3 42.6 24.6

19.9 12.5 43.2 24.4

19.3 13.1 43.8 23.9

20.0 13.6 44.3 22.1

20.7 14.8 40.9 23.6

20.8 15.2 39.3 24.7

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

96 414 60 581 219 450 0 38 849 43 120 0 31 059

121 474 90 513 225 789 880 36 758 40 588 0 39 670

140 118 164 305 302 186 76 24 064 41 000 0 75 837

140 171 125 900 340 499 214 291 45 926 41 879 0 -64 049

245 769 146 922 365 755 189 846 31 421 36 179 0 -5 931

262 653 100 198 357 487 338 056 19 169 45 774 0 -34 981

289 222 134 107 404 329 453 763 29 039 73 443 97 -93 309

314 510 156 021 426 505 516 666 28 866 88 088 117 -87 019

432 198 165 090 471 456 530 708 4 606 76 684 159 -71 344

414 424 147 173 469 514 521 042 1 930 62 804 174 -68 222

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

972 600 375

2 120 500 731

4 816 300 1 543

5 985 600 1 812

6 935 300 1 989

7 610 200 2 057

10 152 000 2 530

9 867 100 2 430

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.82 2.73 2.41 0.90 2.34

3.74 5.63 4.82 2.43 4.04

7.18 9.62 7.58 4.33 9.42

8.74 14.40 12.75 6.28 8.39

8.51 15.84 13.72 5.35 8.50

8.36 16.66 13.84 5.03 8.10

10.31 17.96 14.96 6.09 10.74

10.41 18.94 15.63 6.39 10.00

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

SOUTH CAROLINA

437

Table SC-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

6 803 568

100.0

1 620.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

11 597

0.2

2.8

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Amusements ........................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

3 689 986 2 726 657 963 329 146 658 39 627 106 643 489 322 45 071 106 266

54.2 40.1 14.2 2.2 0.6 1.6 7.2 0.7 1.6

879.0 649.5 229.5 34.9 9.4 25.4 116.6 10.7 25.3

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 17.0 47.0 114.6 39.2 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Motor vehicle operators ............................................................... Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

383 505 72 898 122 056 36 094 113 236

5.6 1.1 1.8 0.5 1.7

91.4 17.4 29.1 8.6 27.0

134.9 21.6 59.4 6.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

2 718 480 2 438 712 196 510 50 493

40.0 35.8 2.9 0.7

647.6 580.9 46.8 12.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States South Carolina

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, South Carolina’s revenues per person of $3,714 were slightly below the national average. The state’s expenditures per capita amounted to $4,262. The difference between per capita expenditures and revenues was among the highest in the nation. Spending per capita was above average for education, public welfare, hospitals, and government administration, but below average for health. South Carolina’s per capita taxes of $1,621 were among the 10 lowest in the nation. The largest tax sources were general sales taxes and individual income taxes. The state’s individual income taxes of $581 were well below the U.S. average of $674.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table SC-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

15 408 525 5 738 966 6 353 115 2 555 851 875 158 325 511 2 334 066 173 886 88 643 2 376 569 939 875

100.0 37.2 41.2 16.6 5.7 2.1 15.1 1.1 0.6 15.4 6.1

3 713.8 1 383.2 1 531.2 616.0 210.9 78.5 562.6 41.9 21.4 572.8 226.5

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

17 684 894 4 155 920 13 528 974

100.0 23.5 76.5

4 262.4 1 001.7 3 260.8

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 037 317 4 775 314 1 112 095 698 202 1 341 643 243 452 426 300 190 004 71 732 682 434 333 213 1 773 188

34.1 27.0 6.3 3.9 7.6 1.4 2.4 1.1 0.4 3.9 1.9 10.0

1 455.1 1 151.0 268.0 168.3 323.4 58.7 102.8 45.8 17.3 164.5 80.3 427.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

10 990 201

X

2 648.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

28 498 350

X

6 868.7

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

438

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SC-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 2 636

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

83.6 24.9

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

694 584 51.0 1.5 1 081 15.3 7 040

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.3

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

203 288 17 817 58.8

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States South Carolina

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

South Carolina’s educational attainment rates were higher than North Carolina’s but lower than those of Georgia. In 2004, 83.6 percent of the state’s population age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, ranking 39th in the nation. Nearly 25 percent of residents in the same age group held bachelor’s degrees or more. Per student expenditures of $7,040 were about $1,000 less than the national average and ranked 36th in the country. South Carolina’s student/teacher ratio was slightly below average. The state’s dropout rate of 3.3 percent ranked 36th of the 46 states reporting such data.

In 2000, 58.9 percent of eligible residents voted. This proportion increased to 62 percent in 2004. For both elections, South Carolina’s participation rate was above the national average. Between elections, the proportion of eligible residents who registered to vote increased from 68 percent to 73.1 percent. In 2004, South Carolina had the 14th highest voter registration rate in the country. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, large majorities of the state’s residents voted for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000 (56.9 percent) and 2004 (58 percent).

Table SC-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

2 929 1 355 1 575

2 897 1 336 1 561

98.9 98.7 99.1

1 993 869 1 124

68.0 64.2 71.4

1 725 752 973

58.9 55.5 61.8

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 061 1 441 1 620

3 002 1 408 1 594

98.1 97.7 98.4

2 238 1 009 1 230

73.1 70.0 75.9

1 899 862 1 037

62.0 59.8 64.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

2 188 2 142 837 4 52 2 208 2 163 843 4

2 132 2 120 834 4 16 2 153 2 140 840 4

97.5 98.9 99.6 B B 97.5 99.0 99.6 B

1 627 1 617 595 13 1 636 1 626 599 -

74.4 75.5 71.1 B B 74.1 75.2 71.1 B

1 387 1 377 498 13 1 394 1 384 500 -

63.4 64.3 59.5 B B 63.1 64.0 59.3 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

357 1 158 1 029 276 241

350 1 116 1 021 273 241

98.0 96.4 99.2 99.2 100.0

199 794 810 232 202

55.8 68.6 78.7 84.2 83.9

153 664 731 200 151

42.8 57.3 71.0 72.6 62.6

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

SOUTH DAKOTA At a Glance: •

South Dakota’s population reached nearly 771,000 in 2004, placing it among just 7 states and the District of Columbia with fewer than one million residents. More than 87 percent of the state’s population was non-Hispanic White, which was the 11th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Over 8 percent of South Dakota’s residents were American Indian, which was the third highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. In 2004, just 12 percent of the state’s population lacked health insurance, compared to the national rate of 15.7 percent. The state’s median household income of $41,189 was well below the national average. South Dakota’s poverty rate of 13.4 percent was above average, ranking among the 15 highest in the country. Economic activity was not dampened by the 2001 recession, as real gross state product (GSP) grew at an above average rate from 2001 to 2004. South Dakota’s economy was small in relation to the rest of the states, and its GSP ranked 47th in the country. The state’s unemployment rate was the third lowest in the country. Over 87 percent of South Dakota’s population age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, which was above the national average of 85.2 percent.

•

• •

•

•

Table SD-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

696 004 0.3

754 844 0.3

770 883 0.3

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

342 498 353 506

374 558 380 286

383 249 387 634

49.7 50.3

0.6 0.5

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

54 504 143 958 122 469 497 542 68 113 204 629 102 331 13 343

51 069 151 580 552 195 77 634 206 399 160 031 108 131 16 086

51 720 139 154 580 009 86 646 198 636 185 234 109 493 17 658

6.7 18.1 75.2 11.2 25.8 24.0 14.2 2.3

-0.5 -0.2 1.1 1.7 -0.2 3.0 0.5 2.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.4

35.6

36.7

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States South Dakota 1.0

1.2

1.1

0.9 0.8 0.5

0.5

0.1 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

South Dakota’s population increased by 2.1 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was well below the national average rate of growth, but similar to the rates of Nebraska and Wyoming. Its neighbor to the north, North Dakota, lost population over the period. South Dakota lost nearly 2,000 residents to other locations; however, this was offset by the addition of 3,259 new residents from abroad. More than 14 percent of South Dakota’s residents were 65 years old and over, which was the 7th largest proportion of this age group in the nation. The state’s birth rate was above the national average, ranking 16th in the country. Sioux Falls was South Dakota’s largest city.

439

440

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SD-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

696 004

754 844

770 883

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.2 0.5 7.3 0.4 0.2 ...

88.1 0.6 8.1 0.6 ... 1.1

87.1 0.7 8.5 0.7 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.8

1.4

2.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

15

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

10

Percent

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

5

Two or more races 0

1,000

South Dakota 750

500

250

0

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH South Dakota ranked 17th in the nation for its proportion of residents with health insurance coverage, partly reflecting a low unemployment rate and a high proportion of elderly residents (who were covered by Medicare). The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were well below the national averages. Table SD-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

11 027 14.4 34.7

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.4

6.9

786.0 751.6 ... 1 471.0 ... ...

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

12.0 8.3 3.9

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

United States

All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table SD-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

6 947

786.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

2 688 1 583 376 350 196 213 167 168 120 64 98 57 78 25 66 18 74 * 8 13 10 9

293.0 186.9 42.7 43.8 22.5 22.4 16.9 21.8 13.1 7.2 12.9 7.5 10.2 3.3 8.9 2.4 7.9 * 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.2

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

SOUTH DAKOTA

441

Table SD-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

259 034 180 306 152 519 27 787 7 076 20 711 78 728 68 308 10 420

290 245 194 330 157 391 36 939 10 734 26 205 95 915 80 040 15 875

300 629 196 481 159 251 37 230 11 835 25 395 104 148 87 595 16 553

0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.5 -0.8 2.1 2.3 1.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.59 292 436 259 034 171 161 87 873

2.50 323 208 290 245 197 940 92 305

2.47 342 620 300 629 207 737 92 892

X 1.5 0.9 1.2 0.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

306 45 000

426 79 600

493 95 523

3.7 4.7

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States South Dakota

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States South Dakota

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table SD-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 189 40 584 39 782 42 333 40 009

13.4 12.7 11.5 8.4 10.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

40 611 37 945 34 850 35 393 36 407 37 486 35 706 34 647 33 324 34 434

7.7 10.8 16.5 11.8 14.5 14.5 14.2 15.1 14.0 13.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

35 466 34 206 33 634 32 719 30 377 33 581 ... ... ... ...

13.2 14.2 15.2 17.0 17.3 14.5 18.4 16.8 19.5 18.8

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

442

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SD-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

586 46 68 91 95 112 75 98

431 30 58 81 86 100 57 19

73.7 64.7 84.9 88.8 91.0 89.2 75.7 19.8

416 27 54 78 84 98 56 19

3.7 10.3 6.2 3.7 3.3 2.0 1.7 1.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

287 24 33 45 48 55 36 45

224 15 29 42 46 51 29 11

78.1 64.2 87.1 93.2 96.0 92.7 80.2 24.8

216 14 27 41 45 50 29 11

3.5 10.9 6.3 3.6 2.9 2.0 1.4 1.5

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

299 22 35 46 47 57 39

207 14 29 39 40 49 28

69.4 65.2 82.8 84.5 85.8 85.8 71.4

200 13 27 37 39 48 27

3.8 9.6 6.0 3.9 3.7 2.1 2.1

162 164 28

129 118 20

79.6 72.0 71.8

127 116 19

1.6 1.6 7.9

540 264 276

403 209 194

74.6 79.0 70.3

391 203 188

2.9 2.8 3.0

41 61 81 87 105 72 95

28 54 73 80 95 55 19

68.3 88.0 90.3 92.1 90.7 76.4 19.7

25 51 71 78 93 54 18

9.5 4.9 2.4 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women .................................................. RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table SD-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

428 169 423 660 417 931 413 402 409 106

413 121 408 805 404 090 400 574 398 208

15 048 14 855 13 841 12 828 10 898

3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.7

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

406 328 401 677 395 276 392 554 386 088 377 093 365 745 358 701 353 780 350 642

394 898 389 748 383 216 379 222 373 515 364 452 352 666 345 996 341 025 337 503

11 430 11 929 12 060 13 332 12 573 12 641 13 079 12 705 12 755 13 139

2.8 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

South Dakota

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

SOUTH DAKOTA

443

Table SD-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

517 285 37 337 479 948 400 847 4 158 1 556 2 086 29 174 42 674 28 841 13 833 18 099 62 554 14 630 7 813 31 234 10 979 15 590 3 998 18 027 8 059 55 626 10 166 36 011 28 413 79 101

519 377 37 301 482 076 402 765 4 436 1 260 2 111 29 058 40 191 26 928 13 263 18 060 62 688 14 649 7 635 31 377 11 066 15 486 4 061 17 493 8 490 56 494 10 321 36 961 30 928 79 311

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

25 151 27 629 25 120 24 922 14 596 40 234 45 211 28 985 29 818 30 550 28 280 33 651 18 118 29 611 31 720 33 252 19 295 32 767 60 775 22 034 18 805 28 005 13 657 10 087 18 059 25 910

26 043 26 940 26 033 25 751 16 275 40 989 49 383 29 879 30 793 31 538 29 267 34 603 18 765 30 314 32 293 34 232 19 784 33 627 57 369 21 695 20 084 29 762 13 799 10 616 19 775 27 149

521 838 35 079 486 759 406 802 4 050 1 305 2 094 30 491 39 446 26 325 13 121 17 944 63 261 14 416 7 663 30 762 11 489 15 670 3 402 17 790 8 972 58 231 10 511 37 338 31 967 79 957

531 211 35 569 495 642 415 120 3 990 1 272 2 098 31 365 40 672 27 347 13 325 18 432 64 070 14 378 7 661 30 854 12 184 16 233 2 838 18 194 9 300 59 390 10 850 38 388 32 951 80 522

0.9 -1.6 1.1 1.2 -1.4 -6.5 0.2 2.4 -1.6 -1.8 -1.2 0.6 0.8 -0.6 -0.7 -0.4 3.5 1.4 -10.8 0.3 4.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 5.1 0.6

28 035 30 335 28 014 27 642 18 525 40 262 52 906 30 626 33 515 34 456 31 575 38 008 19 875 32 796 34 570 37 782 21 101 35 738 68 796 22 846 22 076 32 612 14 615 11 081 21 129 29 493

3.7 3.2 3.7 3.5 8.3 0.0 5.4 1.9 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.1 3.1 3.5 2.9 4.3 3.0 2.9 4.2 1.2 5.5 5.2 2.3 3.2 5.4 4.4

Dollars 26 944 27 311 26 941 26 599 17 106 39 285 51 573 30 172 32 074 32 844 30 523 35 649 19 412 31 220 33 050 35 806 20 017 35 459 59 682 22 357 21 052 31 174 14 370 10 828 20 250 28 293

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The unemployment rate has been well below average in South Dakota for some years. This has been accompanied by a high labor force participation rate, indicating that job seekers have been successful in finding employment. Jobs grew moderately during the 2001–2004 period, with increases in utilities, wholesale trade, health care, and tourism-related industries. The government sector, retail trade, and health care services were the state’s largest employers. Average wages and salaries grew by 11.5 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was the 10th highest growth rate in the nation. However, the state’s average wages and salaries were the second lowest in the country, above only those of Montana.

Employment by Industry, 2004

15.2%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

40.0%

12.1%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

11.2%

Accommodation and food services Farm employment

7.7%

6.7% 7.2%

Other

444

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SD-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

3 966 2 819 510 637 47 590 344 18 3 640 1 180 758 5 577 5 453 124

8 120 5 061 1 122 1 938 912 1 026 821 -56 7 243 2 505 1 525 11 273 10 273 1 000

14 215 9 697 2 023 2 495 987 1 509 1 535 -280 12 400 4 393 2 645 19 438 18 329 1 109

14 696 10 049 2 125 2 522 715 1 807 1 593 -235 12 867 4 703 2 859 20 429 19 574 856

14 588 10 380 2 392 1 816 -8 1 824 1 664 -220 12 704 4 655 3 070 20 429 20 309 120

16 314 10 756 2 580 2 978 1 106 1 872 1 730 -213 14 371 4 712 3 148 22 231 21 030 1 200

17 527 11 357 2 817 3 354 1 311 2 043 1 819 -227 15 482 4 790 3 331 23 602 22 171 1 431

5.4 4.0 8.6 7.7 7.4 7.9 4.3 X 5.7 2.2 5.9 5.0 4.9 6.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 073

16 172

25 720

26 944

26 864

29 063

30 617

4.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States South Dakota

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

From 2001 to 2004, real gross state product increased at the third fastest rate in the country. Contributing to this increase were manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, finance and insurance services, real estate and related activities, and government. Utilities, management, and education services all experienced declines during this period. In recent years, housing prices in South Dakota have increased at a rate significantly lower than the national average. In 2004, the median value of owneroccupied housing was $95,923, ranking South Dakota among the 10 states with median values of owner-occupied housing of less than $100,000.

Table SD-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

20 155 0.2

21 106 0.2

21 941 0.2

23 230 0.2

23 544 0.2

24 691 0.2

25 609 0.2

26 771 0.2

4.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

17 142 1 341 108 390 883 1 916 9.5 1 177 1 680 632 478 2 365 1 676 4 581 22.7 497 426 475 137 1 668 238 586 554 3 029 15.0

18 071 1 404 96 369 902 2 363 11.2 1 289 1 706 607 517 2 402 1 729 4 689 22.2 511 427 527 140 1 681 254 600 549 3 042 14.4

18 920 1 284 101 397 921 2 514 11.5 1 334 1 789 626 592 2 688 1 814 4 894 22.3 559 428 563 145 1 768 258 625 548 3 022 13.8

20 103 1 519 89 411 939 3 115 13.4 1 316 1 851 646 597 2 914 1 844 4 862 20.9 579 400 489 150 1 820 229 645 550 3 126 13.5

20 428 1 308 88 374 928 2 882 12.2 1 451 1 979 643 644 3 453 1 945 4 737 20.1 584 286 461 145 1 851 229 631 550 3 116 13.2

21 679 1 133 74 403 932 2 908 11.8 1 481 2 151 653 677 4 460 1 915 4 876 19.7 593 271 444 144 1 962 245 671 546 3 020 12.2

22 524 1 520 70 433 961 3 197 12.5 1 440 2 302 652 740 4 385 1 838 5 001 19.5 627 232 465 143 2 063 248 682 541 3 095 12.1

23 569 1 491 60 442 976 3 500 13.1 1 500 2 408 662 809 4 638 1 994 5 147 19.2 645 208 467 144 2 129 254 709 591 3 212 12.0

4.9 4.5 -12.0 5.7 1.7 6.7 X 1.1 6.8 1.0 7.9 10.3 0.8 2.8 X 3.4 -10.1 0.4 -0.2 4.8 3.5 4.0 2.4 1.0 X

X = Not applicable.

SOUTH DAKOTA

445

Table SD-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

709

1 437

2 490

2 688

2 922

3 013

3 197

6.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

386 373 12 1 *

760 739 15 5 *

1 149 1 125 17 7 *

1 212 1 187 18 7 *

1 271 1 243 19 9 1

1 312 1 283 19 9 1

1 369 1 340 19 9 1

4.5 4.5 2.3 7.0 23.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

156 97 57 2

442 254 180 8

959 507 439 12

1 059 561 481 17

1 190 598 571 21

1 196 631 548 18

1 312 690 600 22

8.2 8.0 8.1 14.9

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

66 11 19 19 18

105 27 22 36 20

188 51 17 37 84

198 53 15 40 90

219 55 17 46 101

244 54 20 51 118

263 57 22 56 129

8.8 2.9 7.8 10.6 11.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

21

12

16

23

36

39

33

19.3

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

51

61

98

104

115

124

131

7.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

18

30

39

46

52

49

52

7.0

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

10

28

40

45

38

49

36

-2.1

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

South Dakota’s exports totaled just $826 million in 2004, ranking among the five lowest values in the nation. However, total exports grew by nearly 39 percent from 2001 to 2004. The two leading exports were computers and electronic products and processed foods, which together accounted for about 60 percent of the state’s exports. Crop exports, which were the fourth leading export in 2000, fell almost 79 percent by 2004 and were no longer among the state’s 10 leading exports. The leading export markets were Canada and Mexico, with Canada importing nearly 35 percent of South Dakota’s goods. Exports to Hong Kong, the state’s third leading market, doubled from 2003 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 34.0%

Processed foods 26.3%

Machinery 12.1% Other 19.4%

Transportation equipment 4.4%

Miscellaneous manufactures 3.8%

Table SD-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

595 553 28 14

597 534 30 33

672 608 33 31

826 764 26 35

100.0 92.6 3.2 4.3

11.5 11.4 -2.4 36.5

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Miscellaneous manufactures (339) ........................................

192 154 63 22 22

168 179 65 23 27

218 179 77 26 29

281 217 100 36 31

34.0 26.3 12.1 4.4 3.8

13.5 12.2 16.4 17.5 12.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Hong Kong ............................................................................. Japan ..................................................................................... China .....................................................................................

547 269 58 16 41 6

573 290 75 36 37 10

646 289 124 42 51 10

796 287 159 90 41 30

96.4 34.8 19.2 10.9 5.0 3.6

13.3 2.2 39.9 77.5 -0.3 71.4

446

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table SD-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 33 191 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 44 141 892 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

31 736 43 785 079

1 330

1 380

13.4 37.9 48.8

13.6 37.3 49.0

473 015 358 89 285

618 651 442 107 376

3 664 129 1 744 438 1 919 692 110 395

3 834 625 1 575 910 2 258 715 120 829

25.3 45.8 29.0

31.9 37.6 30.5

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

183 645 73.4

215 084 63.8

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

70.8

72.6

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming amounted to $3.8 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was the 21st highest value of sales in the nation, and an increase of 7.4 percent from the previous agriculture census in 1997. Cattle and soybeans were the state’s main farm products. Farming was relatively large-scale: more than two-thirds of farms had sales of $10,000 or more, and 30 percent recorded sales of over $100,000. More than 70 percent of all farm operators responded that farming was their chief occupation. In 2002, 86.4 percent of farms in South Dakota spanned 50 acres or more, which was the second highest proportion of farms of this size in the nation. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person totaled $2,481 in 2001, an amount just above the national average. South Dakota’s energy prices were slightly above average, while per capita consumption was below average.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 150

Trillion of Btu

Residential 24.3%

Transportation 33.5%

100

50

0

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 21.8% Commercial 20.3%

Table SD-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

129 074 189.5

140 338 202.8

168 693 253.2

181 825 267.0

191 288 276.9

194 263 278.2

210 994 303.2

237 364 325.9

258 691 342.7

247 994 327.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

25.8 12.1 30.2 31.8

26.4 13.9 27.5 32.2

26.9 15.5 25.8 31.8

26.2 14.5 25.2 34.1

27.7 13.3 26.0 33.0

27.2 17.6 21.6 33.6

26.7 15.4 26.9 31.0

24.9 17.3 24.2 33.7

23.3 17.5 26.4 32.8

24.3 20.3 21.8 33.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

6 707 25 392 86 416 0 12 437 1 537 0 -3 415

5 652 26 884 90 257 0 40 479 1 117 0 -24 050

5 674 36 464 103 676 0 69 037 1 147 0 -47 306

24 282 32 534 103 321 0 82 484 1 475 0 -62 272

36 564 24 029 101 795 0 60 436 3 857 0 -35 393

34 530 25 454 96 104 0 55 711 3 795 0 -21 329

34 882 25 456 108 236 0 40 926 2 137 154 -798

37 428 34 776 111 734 0 61 974 2 229 248 -11 026

50 603 38 131 117 691 0 58 304 1 884 487 -8 407

44 273 37 041 111 851 0 34 916 1 655 488 17 771

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

307 000 461

534 100 784

1 130 200 1 636

1 250 200 1 790

1 375 700 1 976

1 448 600 1 989

1 934 600 2 563

1 881 000 2 481

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.13 2.40 1.95 1.42 2.56

3.63 3.81 2.71 2.93 4.23

7.74 7.81 5.97 5.98 9.21

8.55 10.56 9.11 6.29 8.64

8.64 10.14 9.46 6.60 9.02

8.27 10.72 9.57 5.42 8.49

10.42 13.07 11.63 6.35 11.65

10.82 14.03 12.58 6.95 10.97

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

SOUTH DAKOTA

447

Table SD-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 062 722

100.0

1 378.4

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

865 262 586 389 278 873 12 435 55 339 126 017 27 644 54 583

81.4 55.2 26.2 1.2 5.2 11.9 2.6 5.1

1 122.3 760.6 361.7 16.1 71.8 163.4 35.8 70.8

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified .................... Other licenses .............................................................................

138 877 22 129 42 167 57 993 10 673

13.1 2.1 4.0 5.5 1.0

180.1 28.7 54.7 75.2 13.8

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1 2.6

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift ..............................................................................

58 583 47 108 9 322

5.5 4.4 0.9

76.0 61.1 12.1

847.6 105.1 19.6

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States South Dakota

2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were about 10 percent below the national average in 2003. South Dakota was among the 12 states with per capita revenues that exceeded per capita expenditures. Spending per capita was below the norm for most categories, except for highways and natural resources. As the state had no property or individual income taxes and only a small tax rate for corporations, the largest tax collections were in the form of general sales taxes, motor fuels taxes, and licenses. In fiscal year 2004, South Dakota had the second smallest per capita taxes in the nation. The state’s per capita debt amounted to $3,355 in 2003, which was the 13th highest amount in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Corporation net income

Table SD-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

2 682 852 1 111 450 1 012 955 539 396 271 780 127 683 0 43 976 30 120 194 380 364 067

100.0 41.4 37.8 20.1 10.1 4.8 0.0 1.6 1.1 7.2 13.6

3 507.0 1 452.9 1 324.1 705.1 355.3 166.9 0.0 57.5 39.4 254.1 475.9

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

2 663 081 514 949 2 148 132

100.0 19.3 80.7

3 481.2 673.1 2 808.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

838 579 621 617 44 658 90 008 420 985 26 076 79 858 114 037 27 218 115 547 113 155 171 343

31.5 23.3 1.7 3.4 15.8 1.0 3.0 4.3 1.0 4.3 4.2 6.4

1 096.2 812.6 58.4 117.7 550.3 34.1 104.4 149.1 35.6 151.0 147.9 224.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 566 542

X

3 355.0

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

8 593 070

X

11 232.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

448

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table SD-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 459

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

87.5 25.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

128 039 31.4 3.6 738 13.6 6 547

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

47 919 4 344 55.2

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States South Dakota 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, 87.5 percent of South Dakota residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, ranking 23rd in the nation. Just over 25 percent of residents in this age group were college graduates, a proportion that ranked 26th in the country but was lower than the national average. The state’s student/teacher ratio of 13.6 was among the 10 lowest in the nation. Expenditures per student of $6,547 were well below the national average of $8,041. South Dakota’s dropout rate of 2.8 percent ranked 39th among the 46 states reporting such data. About 31 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was less than the national average.

South Dakota’s voter turnout was above average at 58.7 percent in 2000, ranking 24th in the nation. In 2004, voter participation increased to 67.1 percent, the 9th highest proportion in the country. This was partly caused by a heated Senate race that brought eligible voters out to the polls. More than 76 percent of eligible voters age 45 to 64 years cast ballots in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Republican presidential candidate received 60.7 percent of South Dakota’s votes in 2000 and 59.9 percent in 2004. The comparable percentage totals for the Democratic candidate were 37.6 and 40.9 percent, respectively.

Table SD-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

530 263 266

525 260 264

99.1 98.8 99.3

376 184 192

70.9 69.8 72.1

311 149 162

58.7 56.6 60.7

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

564 275 289

554 269 284

98.2 98.0 98.4

425 196 229

75.5 71.4 79.3

378 174 204

67.1 63.3 70.6

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

530 521 2 7 10 535 527 3 7

524 519 1 4 6 530 525 2 4

98.9 99.6 B B B 98.9 99.6 B B

408 405 1 4 412 409 1 1

77.0 77.8 B B B 76.9 77.6 B B

366 363 1 4 368 365 1 1

69.0 69.6 B B B 68.6 69.2 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

82 196 195 47 45

80 191 192 46 45

B 97.5 98.7 B B

51 136 158 42 38

B 69.2 81.2 B B

39 114 148 41 35

B 58.2 76.2 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

TENNESSEE At a Glance: •

Tennessee’s population was 5.9 million in 2004, making it the 16th most populous state in the nation. Blacks made up 16.7 percent of Tennessee’s population in 2004, which was the 11th largest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites were the predominate racial group, accounting for 78.1 percent of the state’s population. Tennessee had the sixth highest infant mortality rate and the seventh highest age-adjusted death rate for all causes in the country. The state’s median household income of $38,223 ranked 44th in the nation. Tennessee’s poverty rate of 15.9 percent was the eighth highest in the country. Economic activity rebounded strongly from the 2001 recession. Tennessee’s real gross state product (GSP) grew 13.7 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was the third fastest rate in the nation. The state’s unemployment rate was 5.4 percent, just below the national average. Tennessee ranked 41st in the nation for high school attainment, with less than 83 percent of its population age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. The state ranked 38th in the nation for college attainment, with 24.3 percent of this age group holding bachelor’s degrees or more.

•

• • •

•

Table TN-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 877 185 2.0

5 689 283 2.0

5 900 962 2.0

X X

0.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 348 928 2 528 257

2 770 275 2 919 008

2 886 284 3 014 678

48.9 51.1

1.0 0.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

333 415 883 189 960 799 3 660 581 527 655 1 553 309 618 818 58 794

374 880 1 023 641 4 290 762 548 856 1 718 428 1 320 167 703 311 81 465

384 704 1 006 585 4 509 673 575 689 1 714 986 1 480 945 738 053 83 725

6.5 17.1 76.4 9.8 29.1 25.1 12.5 1.4

0.9 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.7 3.2 1.3 2.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.5

35.9

36.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.0 United States 1.5

1.6

Tennessee 1.2

1.0

0.9

1.1 0.9

0.6 0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Tennessee’s population has been growing strongly in recent years, as the state has drawn in both domestic and international immigrants. Between 2000 and 2004, the population growth slowed from previous periods and increased at a rate of just 3.7 percent, which was below the national average. Net immigration accounted for over half of the population growth during this period. Tennessee gained over 71,000 new residents from other states, the 7th highest number in the nation, and over 42,000 immigrants from abroad. The state had a smaller proportion of school-age population and an average proportion of residents over 65 years old. Nashville and Memphis were the state’s largest metropolitan areas.

449

450

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TN-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 877 185

5 689 283

5 900 962

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

82.6 15.9 0.2 0.7 0.2 ...

79.4 16.4 0.2 1.0 ... 0.8

78.1 16.7 0.2 1.2 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.7

2.2

2.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 24

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

16

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

8

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Tennessee’s rate of health insurance coverage was above average. About 14.1 percent of residents lacked health insurance in 2004, compared with the national rate of 15.7 percent. The state’s birth rate was below average, but its birth rate for teenage mothers was the ninth highest in the country. Table TN-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

78 890 13.5 53.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

9.0

6.9

982.0 952.2 1 236.8 ... 443.5 331.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.1 10.1 6.5

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States Tennessee

800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table TN-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

55 668

982.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

21 497 12 362 2 946 2 732 1 695 1 666 1 157 1 280 592 536 740 883 606 473 389 464 302 304 141 106 90 110

382.1 214.8 52.0 47.6 29.7 30.0 21.1 22.2 10.5 9.5 12.7 15.2 10.3 8.1 6.5 8.0 5.4 5.2 2.4 1.9 1.6 1.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

TENNESSEE

451

Table TN-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 853 725 1 348 019 1 059 569 288 450 55 751 232 699 505 706 442 129 63 577

2 232 905 1 547 835 1 173 960 373 875 85 976 287 899 685 070 576 401 108 669

2 314 688 1 556 090 1 152 881 403 209 93 163 310 046 758 598 629 866 128 732

0.9 0.1 -0.5 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.6 2.2 4.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.56 2 026 067 1 853 725 1 261 118 592 607

2.48 2 439 443 2 232 905 1 561 363 671 542

2.48 2 595 060 2 314 688 1 619 882 694 806

X 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.9

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

357 58 000

505 93 000

564 110 198

2.8 4.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Tennessee

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Tennessee

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table TN-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 223 38 531 38 896 38 184 37 400

15.9 14.0 14.8 14.1 13.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 398 39 455 35 955 36 908 35 714 36 107 32 314 32 086 33 073 31 661

11.9 13.4 14.3 15.9 15.5 14.6 19.6 17.0 15.5 16.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 264 31 999 33 678 30 019 29 767 29 036 ... ... ... ...

18.4 18.0 16.9 18.3 18.1 17.4 20.0 23.6 20.9 19.6

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

452

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TN-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 564 319 455 817 808 855 667 644

2 894 144 332 661 655 662 353 87

63.4 45.0 73.1 80.9 81.1 77.4 52.8 13.6

2 747 123 298 629 629 643 340 85

5.1 14.4 10.4 4.8 4.1 2.9 3.5 2.3

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 187 161 233 401 392 397 326

1 529 74 171 359 344 336 200

69.9 46.3 73.6 89.5 87.7 84.8 61.4

1 452 63 155 338 329 327 197

5.1 15.3 9.7 5.7 4.3 2.8 1.7

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 378 158 222 416 416 459 341

1 365 69 161 302 312 326 152

57.4 43.7 72.6 72.6 75.0 71.1 44.7

1 295 60 143 291 300 316 143

5.1 13.5 11.1 3.7 3.8 3.0 6.0

1 259 1 289 294

924 733 197

73.3 56.9 67.0

900 708 183

2.6 3.4 7.0

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 759 1 826 1 933

2 361 1 285 1 076

62.8 70.4 55.7

2 263 1 233 1 030

4.1 4.0 4.3

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

693 310 382

458 202 256

66.1 65.2 66.9

411 178 233

10.2 12.2 8.7

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men .......................................................

112 73

83 67

74.3 91.7

80 64

4.3 4.1

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

257 353 632 662 702 581 571

130 259 509 530 547 305 81

50.6 73.4 80.4 80.1 78.0 52.5 14.1

115 240 489 512 531 296 79

11.5 7.5 3.8 3.3 2.9 3.0 1.7

Black 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................

85 157 125 133

63 131 105 101

73.8 83.4 84.4 75.9

48 119 97 98

23.2 8.6 8.1 2.9

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table TN-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

2 907 804 2 902 990 2 883 414 2 859 661 2 864 005

2 751 755 2 742 225 2 733 702 2 728 496 2 749 702

156 049 160 765 149 712 131 165 114 303

5.4 5.5 5.2 4.6 4.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 838 738 2 811 700 2 788 348 2 758 346 2 718 047 2 645 733 2 543 274 2 479 459 2 425 381 2 401 093

2 722 124 2 685 151 2 640 005 2 610 975 2 574 000 2 511 085 2 391 568 2 316 661 2 265 985 2 269 015

116 614 126 549 148 343 147 371 144 047 134 648 151 706 162 798 159 396 132 078

4.1 4.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.1 6.0 6.6 6.6 5.5

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Tennessee

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

TENNESSEE

453

Table TN-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 458 846 104 033 3 354 813 2 930 866 12 401 6 458 3 867 211 885 466 445 285 052 181 393 138 507 399 620 167 694 62 213 138 917 103 827 159 581 25 889 220 956 50 375 287 265 55 811 225 820 193 335 423 947

3 451 613 103 775 3 347 838 2 917 238 12 634 5 692 3 779 201 866 442 748 269 749 172 999 136 414 395 769 161 892 59 001 138 734 105 122 159 478 24 155 229 419 52 143 298 733 58 237 229 042 202 380 430 600

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

30 885 13 320 30 959 31 141 17 400 45 093 45 230 34 196 36 852 36 455 37 474 41 913 21 883 37 361 39 862 47 563 29 062 45 684 45 452 22 877 27 802 33 357 26 023 13 886 21 080 29 942

31 919 17 024 31 976 32 121 17 362 44 907 46 880 34 585 38 584 38 144 39 268 43 296 22 626 39 093 40 714 49 422 30 092 47 001 48 319 23 371 29 862 34 408 28 594 14 277 21 825 31 186

3 473 834 103 675 3 370 159 2 937 723 11 302 5 934 3 869 209 091 426 693 260 599 166 094 137 391 398 801 163 194 58 930 140 109 110 289 163 237 23 144 218 108 54 518 311 070 59 730 237 184 205 129 432 436

3 543 256 101 292 3 441 964 3 006 515 10 659 5 953 3 819 212 717 424 890 263 110 161 780 139 298 408 539 165 313 57 311 142 809 115 509 167 354 23 923 237 024 57 379 319 743 61 619 244 347 208 309 435 449

0.8 -0.9 0.9 0.9 -4.9 -2.7 -0.4 0.1 -3.1 -2.6 -3.7 0.2 0.7 -0.5 -2.7 0.9 3.6 1.6 -2.6 2.4 4.4 3.6 3.4 2.7 2.5 0.9

34 308 15 878 34 392 34 489 19 898 48 015 49 834 35 976 41 992 41 156 43 348 47 720 23 589 41 371 43 637 55 738 33 033 50 011 57 060 25 076 33 083 37 096 31 709 14 672 23 044 33 861

3.6 6.0 3.6 3.5 4.6 2.1 3.3 1.7 4.4 4.1 5.0 4.4 2.5 3.5 3.1 5.4 4.4 3.1 7.9 3.1 6.0 3.6 6.8 1.9 3.0 4.2

Dollars 32 949 14 215 33 038 33 126 17 933 44 790 47 480 35 236 40 062 39 452 41 016 44 823 23 107 39 867 41 396 53 133 31 577 47 559 53 255 24 208 31 343 35 083 30 509 14 389 22 426 32 563

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Tennessee’s unemployment rate was slightly below the national average during the 2001 recession and the subsequent recovery period; it was similar to those of Kentucky and other neighboring states. Employment declined in 2002, following the previous year’s recession, but rebounded significantly in the 2003–2004 period. The number of jobs increased 2.4 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was above the national growth rate. While the number of manufacturing jobs declined throughout the period, jobs in retail trade and in several service-providing industries increased steadily. Average wages and salaries were below the national average, but their growth rate was above average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

12.3% Government and government enterprises 12.0%

41.6%

Manufacturing Retail trade Health care and social assistance

11.5%

Accommodation and food services Administrative and waste services

9.0% 6.7%

6.9%

Other

454

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TN-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

30 815 23 264 4 410 3 140 79 3 061 2 675 -425 27 714 5 143 5 136 37 994 37 811 183

63 737 47 365 9 747 6 625 283 6 342 6 916 -595 56 226 14 157 11 317 81 700 81 284 416

117 216 85 279 16 734 15 202 231 14 972 12 650 -1 456 103 110 22 659 23 065 148 833 148 458 375

121 237 86 617 17 491 17 130 120 17 009 13 069 -1 517 106 651 22 614 25 150 154 416 154 125 291

126 371 88 791 19 991 17 589 -304 17 893 13 638 -1 511 111 222 20 939 26 942 159 102 159 214 -112

132 957 91 744 22 113 19 101 -141 19 242 14 232 -1 441 117 285 20 220 28 570 166 075 166 013 62

141 436 97 109 23 463 20 864 -178 21 043 15 006 -1 507 124 923 20 555 30 407 175 885 175 843 42

4.8 3.3 8.8 8.2 X 8.9 4.4 X 4.9 -2.4 7.2 4.3 4.3 -42.2

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 259

16 692

26 097

26 864

27 468

28 412

29 806

3.4

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Tennessee

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Economic activity in Tennessee rebounded robustly from the 2001 recession and grew at an above average rate. From 2001 to 2004, real gross state product grew 13.7 percent, the third highest growth rate in the nation. Contributing to this growth were manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail trade, finance and insurance, real estate and related activities, and government. Housing prices remained subdued, despite the increases in economic activity and the state’s population growth. Home values have appreciated at only half of the national average rate in recent years. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Tennessee was $110,198, ranking 37th in the country.

Table TN-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

163 038 1.9

168 048 1.9

173 276 1.8

174 349 1.8

175 936 1.8

183 168 1.8

191 186 1.9

200 107 1.9

4.4 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

143 835 1 060 359 669 7 607 32 634 20.0 10 645 13 413 7 854 4 017 8 564 16 279 40 812 25.0 7 339 1 873 5 802 1 194 12 876 1 523 5 317 4 888 19 215 11.8

148 289 930 396 658 7 667 32 970 19.6 11 724 13 938 8 250 4 327 8 978 16 851 41 651 24.8 7 674 1 802 6 167 1 250 12 650 1 617 5 466 5 025 19 771 11.8

153 201 860 448 670 7 605 33 618 19.4 12 440 14 747 8 873 4 646 9 264 17 760 42 297 24.4 7 852 1 883 6 565 1 307 12 621 1 571 5 611 4 887 20 081 11.6

154 830 1 182 441 697 7 368 33 136 19.0 11 982 14 938 9 103 5 140 9 985 18 081 42 776 24.5 8 254 1 910 6 395 1 352 12 919 1 560 5 607 4 779 19 519 11.2

156 881 1 131 406 668 6 721 32 357 18.4 12 696 15 681 8 653 5 573 10 650 19 073 43 331 24.6 8 419 2 119 6 363 1 363 13 444 1 548 5 432 4 643 19 058 10.8

162 442 1 069 380 730 6 574 33 663 18.4 13 202 16 755 8 920 5 885 10 827 19 313 45 245 24.7 8 631 2 139 6 951 1 390 14 193 1 661 5 585 4 695 20 707 11.3

169 042 1 178 355 768 6 744 35 138 18.4 13 158 18 125 9 384 6 280 11 776 19 663 46 661 24.4 9 027 2 263 6 887 1 405 14 798 1 768 5 783 4 730 22 100 11.6

177 344 981 320 782 6 818 37 000 18.5 13 782 19 148 9 598 6 714 12 695 20 761 49 041 24.5 9 395 2 371 7 492 1 449 15 494 1 838 5 998 5 004 22 727 11.4

4.2 -4.6 -7.6 5.4 0.5 4.6 X 2.8 6.9 3.5 6.4 6.0 2.9 4.2 X 3.7 3.8 5.6 2.1 4.8 5.9 3.4 2.5 6.0 X

X = Not applicable.

TENNESSEE

455

Table TN-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 822

10 710

21 864

23 805

25 734

27 454

29 290

7.6

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 407 2 233 97 19 58

5 012 4 765 142 52 53

8 810 8 540 164 61 45

9 394 9 114 169 66 45

9 964 9 660 178 77 49

10 417 10 106 184 75 53

10 925 10 608 187 77 53

5.5 5.6 3.3 5.8 4.3

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 009 604 385 20

3 682 2 087 1 541 54

9 567 4 359 5 148 60

10 539 4 855 5 598 87

11 250 5 216 5 913 121

12 174 5 539 6 528 106

13 410 6 111 7 169 130

8.8 8.8 8.6 21.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

667 199 85 295 88

1 191 385 174 390 242

2 295 664 207 422 1 001

2 352 689 200 471 992

2 720 705 218 576 1 221

3 054 719 196 748 1 391

3 301 752 168 849 1 532

9.5 3.1 -5.1 19.1 11.2 9.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

318

275

383

606

812

775

546

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

334

407

602

634

694

749

805

7.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

87

130

188

243

275

269

285

10.9

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

13

20

38

19

16

19

-1.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

In 2004, Tennessee’s exports amounted to $16.1 billion, making the state the 16th largest exporter in the country. Exports abroad have grown substantially in recent years, increasing 42.4 percent from 2001 to 2004. Transportation equipment, computers and electronic products, and chemical manufactures were the leading export products. Crops were the fastest growing of Tennessee’s major exports, increasing in value from $469 million in 2001 to close to $1.8 billion in 2004. Canada accounted for about a third of the state’s exports, followed by Mexico. China was Tennessee’s most rapidly growing overseas market, with exports to this country increasing from $184 million in 2001 to $1.2 billion in 2004. About two-thirds of these exports were crops.

Computers and electronic products 13.9%

Chemicals 13.3%

Crops 10.9% Transportation equipment 20.7%

Machinery 8.7%

Other 32.5%

Table TN-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

11 320 10 440 533 348

11 621 10 670 717 234

12 612 11 027 1 199 386

16 123 13 869 1 827 427

100.0 86.0 11.3 2.6

12.5 9.9 50.8 7.1

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Crop production (111) ............................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) ..............................................

2 431 1 584 1 397 469 1 252

2 766 1 361 1 584 671 1 221

2 391 1 773 1 723 1 149 1 265

3 338 2 237 2 139 1 763 1 408

20.7 13.9 13.3 10.9 8.7

11.2 12.2 15.3 55.4 4.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan .....................................................................................

10 225 4 128 1 370 184 656 614

10 400 3 947 1 420 339 633 600

11 297 4 214 1 476 636 646 529

14 548 5 197 1 791 1 214 719 620

90.2 32.2 11.1 7.5 4.5 3.8

12.5 8.0 9.3 87.5 3.1 0.3

456

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table TN-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 91 536 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 11 986 258

2002

87 595 11 681 533

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

131

133

42.8 53.0 4.2

43.6 52.1 4.3

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

245 186 1 859 31 425

325 783 2 405 45 263

2 263 035 1 173 774 1 089 261 24 723

2 199 814 1 072 548 1 127 266 25 113

75.6 20.0 4.4

77.5 18.1 4.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

50 801 19.1

59 231 18.3

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

33.5

50.3

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled about $2.2 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented a nearly 3 percent decline from the previous agriculture census in 1997. Between censuses, the value of crop sales declined, while sales of livestock, poultry, and their products increased. Tennessee’s chief products were cattle, poultry, and tobacco. More than three-quarters of farms had sales of less than $10,000, and only about half of farm operators considered farming to be their chief occupation. More than 43 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Tennessee’s per capita consumption was the 16th highest in the nation. Energy prices were well below average, ranking as the 13th lowest in the country. Energy expenditures per person amounted to $2,403 in 2001, an amount below the national average. Petroleum, coal, nuclear power, and natural gas were the state’s chief energy sources.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,000

Residential 22.8%

750

Transportation 26.4%

500

250

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 34.0%

Commercial 16.8%

Table TN-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

962 879 269.9

1 147 043 302.0

1 383 270 352.3

1 626 470 380.4

1 748 591 380.9

1 723 680 365.6

1 844 926 378.3

2 004 992 382.5

2 201 248 386.9

2 195 375 382.1

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

19.3 7.5 55.2 18.1

19.0 7.9 53.0 20.1

21.8 9.6 46.4 22.3

21.6 8.9 45.5 24.0

21.4 12.9 42.3 23.4

21.5 10.6 42.8 25.0

21.8 11.4 41.7 25.2

21.8 6.8 45.3 26.2

22.9 16.8 33.8 26.5

22.8 16.8 34.0 26.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

374 478 151 740 228 478 0 93 352 45 355 0 69 475

338 853 211 142 300 921 0 91 464 46 541 0 158 121

403 742 261 784 406 674 0 84 656 53 761 0 172 653

471 919 224 065 503 621 0 122 852 54 447 0 249 565

576 894 233 335 529 669 5 660 91 045 62 111 0 249 877

599 665 196 735 554 313 102 737 68 316 89 594 0 112 321

600 527 227 526 590 362 148 175 99 206 55 660 87 123 382

669 033 264 889 661 104 165 048 92 943 61 848 94 90 033

705 056 280 679 710 207 269 327 57 786 58 492 98 119 603

688 021 265 395 708 198 298 567 63 209 72 128 102 99 754

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 496 000 381

3 483 400 815

7 697 300 1 677

8 705 800 1 846

9 762 500 2 002

10 332 600 1 971

13 762 700 2 419

13 808 400 2 403

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.71 2.09 1.92 0.94 2.49

3.52 4.41 3.47 2.55 4.19

7.26 7.77 7.92 5.04 9.20

8.07 10.76 8.97 6.66 8.29

8.41 12.19 10.46 6.00 8.97

8.04 12.42 8.59 6.05 8.33

9.91 14.24 13.48 5.91 10.38

9.92 15.18 14.39 6.18 9.69

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

457

TENNESSEE

Table TN-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita

Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

9 536 031

100.0

1 616.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

7 344 662 5 845 206 1 499 456 92 062 351 111 832 168 119 482 99 872

77.0 61.3 15.7 1.0 3.7 8.7 1.3 1.0

1 244.6 990.5 254.1 15.6 59.5 141.0 20.2 16.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

1 045 665 506 776 255 137 203 248

11.0 5.3 2.7 2.1

177.2 85.9 43.2 34.4

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

1 145 704 146 851 694 798 96 534 174 206

12.0 1.5 7.3 1.0 1.8

194.2 24.9 117.7 16.4 29.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Tennessee

2,000

Dollars

Tennessee’s revenue per person amounted to $3,298 in 2003. The state’s per capita expenditures of $3,317 were the sixth lowest in the country. Public welfare was the only category in which per capita spending exceeded the national average. Per capita taxes were among the lowest in the nation, amounting to $1,616. The bulk of the state’s revenues came from general sales taxes, motor fuels taxes, and licenses. Tennessee’s individual income tax collections were the lowest among the 43 states with such taxes. Debt per person, at less than $600, was the lowest in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table TN-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

19 278 302 8 292 209 8 811 612 5 414 674 1 446 075 953 999 115 593 612 943 268 328 1 449 396 725 085

100.0 43.0 45.7 28.1 7.5 4.9 0.6 3.2 1.4 7.5 3.8

3 298.3 1 418.7 1 507.6 926.4 247.4 163.2 19.8 104.9 45.9 248.0 124.0

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

19 386 815 4 952 923 14 433 892

100.0 25.5 74.5

3 316.8 847.4 2 469.4

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

6 169 486 7 634 185 348 111 881 367 1 576 290 144 177 558 669 211 306 102 721 474 505 187 328 1 098 670

31.8 39.4 1.8 4.5 8.1 0.7 2.9 1.1 0.5 2.4 1.0 5.7

1 055.5 1 306.1 59.6 150.8 269.7 24.7 95.6 36.2 17.6 81.2 32.0 188.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

3 496 139

X

598.1

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

28 065 993

X

4 801.7

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

458

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TN-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 United States 3 972

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

82.9 24.3

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

928 000 ... ... 1 628 15.7 6 118

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

274 833 24 369 58.5

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

Tennessee 75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Tennessee’s educational attainment rates have improved significantly since the 1990s, but remained well below the national averages in 2004. The state ranked 41st in the nation for high school attainment, with 82.9 percent of its residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. Just over 24 percent of its population age 25 years and over held bachelor’s degrees or more. Tennessee’s expenditures per student were $6,118, nearly $2,000 less than the national average and ranking 46th in the country. The state’s student/teacher ratio was slightly below average. Its dropout rate of 3.8 percent ranked 26th out of the 46 states reporting such data.

Voter turnout in both the 2000 and 2004 elections was below the national average. In 2004, 52.7 percent of eligible voters cast ballots, which was the sixth lowest proportion in the country. Just 7.2 percent of eligible Hispanics voted in 2004, while participation rates for Blacks and Whites were over 50 percent. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 51.1 percent of eligible voters cast their ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000, a proportion that rose to 56.8 percent in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democrats were 47.3 and 42.5 percent, respectively.

Table TN-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 173 2 036 2 137

4 067 1 960 2 107

97.4 96.3 98.6

2 590 1 239 1 351

62.1 60.8 63.2

2 183 1 042 1 142

52.3 51.2 53.4

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 402 2 118 2 283

4 250 2 035 2 215

96.5 96.1 97.0

2 739 1 262 1 477

62.2 59.6 64.7

2 319 1 075 1 243

52.7 50.8 54.5

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 655 3 548 651 29 128 3 695 3 582 651 29

3 550 3 510 638 6 48 3 585 3 545 638 6

97.1 99.0 98.0 B 37.3 97.0 99.0 98.0 B

2 288 2 273 416 6 16 2 309 2 294 416 6

62.6 64.1 63.9 B 12.3 62.5 64.0 63.9 B

1 954 1 945 334 6 9 1 971 1 962 334 6

53.5 54.8 51.3 B 7.2 53.3 54.8 51.3 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

687 1 529 1 478 449 259

636 1 447 1 459 449 259

92.6 94.6 98.7 100.0 100.0

304 847 1 073 335 179

44.3 55.4 72.6 74.7 69.4

243 693 957 291 134

35.4 45.4 64.8 64.8 51.9

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

TEXAS At a Glance: •

The population of Texas was almost 22.5 million in 2004, making it the second most populous state in the country after California. It was the second largest state in land area behind Alaska. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 49.8 percent of the state’s population. Along with Hawaii, the District of Columbia, New Mexico, and California, Texas had a majority of its population composed of minorities. Hispanics (of any race) made up 34.6 percent of Texas’s population in 2004, which was the third largest proportion of this ethnic group in the country. Texas’s rate of health insurance coverage was the lowest in the nation, with 25 percent of residents lacking insurance. Texas’s median household income of $41,326 was about $3,000 less than the national average. The state’s poverty rate of 16.5 percent was the sixth highest in the country. The state’s real gross product was the third highest in the country in 2004. Its rate of growth was slightly above average from 2001 to 2004. Texas’s unemployment rate was substantially higher than average at 6.1 percent, ranking 10th in the nation.

•

• • • •

Table TX-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

16 986 510 6.8

20 851 820 7.4

22 490 022 7.7

X X

1.9 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

8 365 963 8 620 547

10 352 910 10 498 910

11 201 268 11 288 754

49.8 50.2

2.0 1.8

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

1 390 054 3 445 785 2 918 055 12 150 671 1 890 844 5 625 196 1 716 576 166 605

1 624 628 4 262 131 14 965 061 2 198 881 6 484 321 4 209 327 2 072 532 237 940

1 842 808 4 423 971 16 223 243 2 400 474 6 673 546 4 932 613 2 216 610 245 992

8.2 19.7 72.1 10.7 29.7 21.9 9.9 1.1

1.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.2 3.9 1.9 3.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

30.6

32.3

32.8

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2 .5 2.0

United States 2.1

Texas

1.9

1.8

1.5 1.2 1.0

0.9

1.1

0.5 0.0

1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

The population of Texas has been growing rapidly for many years. It increased over 7.9 percent from 2000 to 2004, the fourth highest growth rate in the country. During this period, the state gained over 1.6 million new residents. About 558,000 were immigrants from abroad, while nearly 158,000 arrived from other states. Texas’s birth rate, the second highest in the country, also contributed to the state’s high population growth. Nearly 28 percent of the population was under 18 years old, which was the third highest proportion of this age group in the nation. Just 9.9 percent of Texas’s population was 65 years old and over, ranking among the lowest 5 proportions of elderly residents in the country.

459

460

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TX-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

16 986 510

20 851 820

22 490 022

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

60.6 11.6 0.4 1.9 10.6 ...

52.7 11.4 0.3 2.8 ... 0.8

49.8 11.3 0.3 3.2 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

25.5

32.0

34.6

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

52

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

American Indian, Alaska Native

Percent

39 Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) 26 Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

13

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Texas had the lowest proportion of residents covered by health insurance in the country. Along with a high overall birth rate, the state had the highest birth rate for teenage mothers. The infant mortality rate was below the national average. However, the age-adjusted death rates were above average. Table TX-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

377 476 17.1 62.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.9

6.9

877.4 884.4 1 140.2 ... 418.3 744.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

25.0 21.4 14.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Texas

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table TX-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

152 747

877.4

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

57 268 33 651 7 582 7 853 5 435 3 662 3 472 3 853 2 102 2 080 2 196 2 273 2 196 1 503 1 205 1 384 797 1 071 510 292 334 234

339.7 192.0 45.2 39.0 31.4 22.0 21.5 18.3 12.4 12.1 10.7 10.9 11.7 7.2 6.2 6.3 4.6 5.1 2.7 1.7 1.5 1.2

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

TEXAS

461

Table TX-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

6 070 937 4 343 878 3 435 540 908 338 206 512 701 826 1 727 059 1 452 936 274 123

7 393 354 5 247 794 3 989 741 1 258 053 320 464 937 589 2 145 560 1 752 141 393 419

7 790 853 5 482 591 4 044 993 1 437 598 355 535 1 082 063 2 308 262 1 926 971 381 291

1.3 1.1 0.3 3.4 2.6 3.6 1.8 2.4 -0.8

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.73 7 008 999 6 070 937 3 695 115 2 375 822

2.74 8 157 575 7 393 354 4 716 959 2 676 395

2.81 8 846 728 7 790 853 5 074 719 2 716 134

X 2.0 1.3 1.8 0.4

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

395 58 900

574 82 500

648 99 858

3.1 4.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Texas

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Texas

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table TX-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

41 326 40 326 42 173 43 602 42 350

16.5 17.0 15.6 14.9 15.5

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 853 41 413 41 165 39 643 39 436 38 775 36 981 36 882 37 509 39 559

15.2 15.1 16.7 16.6 17.4 19.1 17.4 18.3 17.5 15.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

38 081 38 301 39 311 39 731 39 755 39 836 ... ... ... ...

17.1 18.0 17.6 17.3 15.9 15.7 16.0 16.2 15.4 15.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

462

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TX-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

16 388 1 274 1 594 3 292 3 244 2 884 1 982 2 119

10 989 477 1 180 2 674 2 716 2 344 1 231 367

67.1 37.4 74.0 81.2 83.7 81.3 62.1 17.3

10 332 389 1 060 2 501 2 583 2 255 1 188 356

6.0 18.5 10.2 6.5 4.9 3.8 3.5 3.0

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

7 971 621 788 1 678 1 598 1 426 945 916

6 087 244 647 1 568 1 491 1 252 655 231

76.4 39.3 82.1 93.5 93.3 87.8 69.3 25.2

5 718 193 577 1 467 1 419 1 208 630 223

6.1 21.0 10.8 6.4 4.8 3.5 3.7 3.6

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

8 417 653 806 1 615 1 646 1 458 1 037 1 203

4 901 233 533 1 106 1 225 1 092 577 136

58.2 35.7 66.1 68.5 74.4 75.0 55.6 11.3

4 614 196 483 1 034 1 164 1 046 558 133

5.9 15.9 9.4 6.5 5.0 4.2 3.3 1.9

4 648 4 468 1 077

3 762 2 585 775

80.9 57.9 71.9

3 630 2 479 708

3.5 4.1 8.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

13 752 6 769 6 983

9 211 5 216 3 995

67.0 77.1 57.2

8 728 4 938 3 790

5.2 5.3 5.1

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 764 793 971

1 172 542 630

66.4 68.3 64.9

1 034 470 564

11.7 13.3 10.4

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

520 245 275

356 193 164

68.5 78.5 59.6

342 183 159

3.9 5.1 2.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

5 591 2 788 2 803

3 715 2 214 1 501

66.4 79.4 53.5

3 474 2 075 1 399

6.5 6.3 6.8

2 747 2 665 2 404 1 705

2 231 2 220 1 958 1 091

81.2 83.3 81.4 64.0

2 105 2 123 1 891 1 057

5.6 4.4 3.4 3.1

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table TX-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

11 035 379 10 927 433 10 746 387 10 530 577 10 364 854

10 362 982 10 195 950 10 065 924 10 003 723 9 913 119

672 397 731 483 680 463 526 854 451 735

6.1 6.7 6.3 5.0 4.4

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

10 250 025 10 097 882 9 926 594 9 736 646 9 572 436 9 395 679 9 203 082 8 991 315 8 752 200 8 593 724

9 766 299 9 600 982 9 395 279 9 175 983 8 985 635 8 778 660 8 543 207 8 307 176 8 139 722 8 041 859

483 726 496 900 531 315 560 663 586 801 617 019 659 875 684 139 612 478 551 865

4.7 4.9 5.4 5.8 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.6 7.0 6.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Texas

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

TEXAS

463

Table TX-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

12 356 260 295 167 12 061 093 10 323 448 67 196 234 238 52 681 851 666 1 072 125 673 952 398 173 515 176 1 383 611 454 816 299 177 577 529 431 780 746 250 46 616 741 791 153 132 1 018 154 178 283 799 266 699 961 1 737 645

12 371 219 290 229 12 080 990 10 304 201 72 212 218 786 53 173 835 644 994 726 617 479 377 247 501 681 1 388 621 444 028 275 347 590 808 441 341 738 427 56 469 740 194 163 258 1 061 316 187 428 810 229 730 513 1 776 789

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

35 376 14 433 35 501 36 291 18 525 77 808 76 220 36 130 46 103 48 028 42 822 53 136 23 482 44 499 54 463 52 894 34 001 60 240 61 371 25 374 26 313 30 993 23 293 14 492 20 621 31 758

35 615 12 008 35 735 36 230 19 015 79 457 72 559 36 585 46 762 48 241 44 323 51 818 23 899 42 759 53 213 52 529 35 121 60 001 60 293 26 304 26 800 32 175 24 688 14 601 20 899 33 469

12 443 683 281 756 12 161 927 10 363 193 66 398 238 042 50 335 844 846 945 955 587 021 358 934 499 646 1 372 303 438 933 266 346 600 856 462 134 742 098 51 926 753 359 168 889 1 104 793 188 399 829 700 738 235 1 798 734

12 651 828 279 282 12 372 546 10 570 318 65 092 250 299 49 264 843 862 935 512 586 989 348 523 506 672 1 389 935 453 436 256 294 611 269 481 467 766 138 57 541 795 106 176 206 1 133 793 195 289 854 078 749 065 1 802 228

0.8 -1.8 0.9 0.8 -1.1 2.2 -2.2 -0.3 -4.4 -4.5 -4.3 -0.6 0.2 -0.1 -5.0 1.9 3.7 0.9 7.3 2.3 4.8 3.7 3.1 2.2 2.3 1.2

37 963 19 610 38 046 38 541 20 575 87 473 72 927 38 347 51 196 52 447 49 073 55 876 24 866 44 329 56 546 57 062 38 102 62 547 74 985 28 593 28 977 34 158 25 250 15 196 22 313 35 798

2.4 10.8 2.3 2.0 3.6 4.0 -1.5 2.0 3.6 3.0 4.6 1.7 1.9 -0.1 1.3 2.6 3.9 1.3 6.9 4.1 3.3 3.3 2.7 1.6 2.7 4.1

Dollars 36 415 16 257 36 512 36 913 19 441 81 327 68 586 37 278 48 629 49 898 46 540 53 107 24 461 43 206 53 356 54 582 35 499 60 548 64 144 26 665 27 675 32 754 25 390 14 749 21 506 34 718

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Texas’s unemployment rate rose to an above average level following the 2001 recession. In 2004, the state’s unemployment rate was well above those of its neighbors, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, and New Mexico. While employment grew by an above average rate of 2.4 percent from 2001 to 2004, it could not keep up with the state’s expanding population and growing number of job seekers. Employment gains were especially evident in mining, educational services, and health care. Texas’s largest employers were government, retail trade, and health care. Average wages and salaries were only slightly below the national average. However, their rate of growth was one of the five lowest growth rates in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.2%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade 11.0% Health care and social assistance

45.0%

Manufacturing 9.0% 7.4% 6.7%

6.8%

Accommodation and food services Construction Other

464

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TX-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

119 509 89 996 16 928 12 584 67 12 517 10 479 -544 108 486 20 452 12 721 141 658 141 099 559

235 873 169 302 35 497 31 074 2 247 28 827 23 633 -504 211 737 53 929 31 480 297 146 294 181 2 966

489 607 341 572 64 714 83 320 1 904 81 416 47 231 -1 254 441 122 87 612 64 405 593 139 590 413 2 726

512 355 354 780 69 415 88 161 2 099 86 061 49 836 -1 442 461 077 87 505 71 060 619 642 616 616 3 026

517 744 354 576 76 943 86 225 2 521 83 703 50 518 -1 459 465 767 83 046 77 970 626 784 623 601 3 183

536 542 360 822 83 112 92 609 3 248 89 361 52 306 -1 465 482 772 85 546 82 690 651 009 646 931 4 078

571 411 380 354 90 203 100 855 3 074 97 780 55 064 -1 560 514 787 88 472 87 117 690 376 686 362 4 014

3.9 2.7 8.7 4.9 12.7 4.7 3.9 X 3.9 0.2 7.8 3.9 3.8 10.2

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

9 880

17 421

28 313

29 044

28 853

29 453

30 697

2.0

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Texas

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Texas had the third largest real gross state product (GSP) in the country in 2004. Its economic activity grew at slightly above average rates during the 2001–2004 period. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew by 4.6 percent, which was the 17th highest growth rate in the nation. Contributing to this growth were manufacturing, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, and most serviceproviding industries. Management services increased by 46 percent from 2001 to 2004. Housing prices increased at the lowest rate of all the states. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Texas was $99,858, ranking 41st in the nation.

Table TX-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

627 501 7.3

664 153 7.4

696 383 7.4

722 832 7.4

734 864 7.5

755 448 7.5

769 410 7.5

804 598 7.5

3.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

551 904 5 174 54 412 17 046 30 511 81 120 12.9 41 118 43 592 22 953 26 421 34 519 64 562 138 550 22.1 37 078 3 109 21 689 2 916 36 665 4 020 16 162 16 911 75 735 12.1

588 107 4 950 46 997 17 175 32 599 91 082 13.7 47 732 46 050 24 697 29 932 36 811 67 063 145 839 22.0 41 259 3 056 22 775 3 048 36 845 4 020 17 232 17 604 76 052 11.5

618 387 6 269 45 242 18 174 33 290 90 624 13.0 52 877 49 419 26 141 33 239 40 037 71 540 152 617 21.9 44 111 3 847 23 864 3 461 37 373 4 352 18 123 17 486 77 995 11.2

642 236 6 470 42 211 21 681 34 232 94 117 13.0 53 409 51 786 28 653 36 584 42 670 74 276 156 145 21.6 47 320 3 635 22 126 3 611 38 734 4 196 18 908 17 615 80 596 11.2

653 449 5 960 40 430 21 545 33 893 94 191 12.8 56 251 56 091 27 280 38 066 43 954 72 261 163 833 22.3 49 189 8 707 21 646 3 637 40 701 4 313 18 738 16 902 81 418 11.1

671 524 7 467 41 000 21 676 32 621 97 677 12.9 55 859 59 091 27 692 37 294 45 773 78 926 166 706 22.1 48 750 8 584 22 433 3 589 43 204 4 642 18 813 16 691 83 917 11.1

683 263 7 188 38 243 22 203 32 060 101 342 13.2 54 340 61 272 29 302 38 509 50 625 78 123 170 960 22.2 49 442 10 017 22 936 3 443 44 749 4 628 19 109 16 636 86 102 11.2

716 486 6 468 39 755 23 380 31 776 106 723 13.3 56 363 63 771 31 079 41 441 54 285 81 544 181 495 22.6 51 588 12 705 24 939 3 459 46 295 4 683 20 054 17 772 88 131 11.0

3.1 2.8 -0.6 2.8 -2.1 4.3 X 0.1 4.4 4.4 2.9 7.3 4.1 3.5 X 1.6 13.4 4.8 -1.7 4.4 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.7 X

X = Not applicable.

TEXAS

465

Table TX-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

11 747

29 310

59 911

65 655

73 434

78 473

82 867

8.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

6 030 5 704 251 72 4

13 557 13 036 390 109 22

23 582 22 895 469 185 31

25 092 24 380 480 200 32

26 616 25 827 499 250 40

27 909 27 094 513 249 54

29 457 28 621 521 256 58

5.7 5.7 2.7 8.4 16.8

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

2 835 1 772 1 000 63

9 497 5 812 3 390 295

25 290 13 890 11 113 287

28 386 15 459 12 510 417

31 839 16 630 14 645 564

33 923 17 696 15 750 477

36 625 19 605 16 451 569

9.7 9.0 10.3 18.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

1 229 366 134 535 194

3 580 756 428 1 514 882

7 016 1 575 475 1 217 3 749

7 211 1 683 487 1 316 3 726

8 401 1 799 498 1 568 4 535

9 733 1 903 584 1 986 5 260

10 649 1 990 476 2 416 5 767

11.0 6.0 0.1 18.7 11.4 15.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

348

825

1 088

1 648

2 935

3 005

1 919

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

1 097

1 318

2 047

2 209

2 472

2 689

2 949

9.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

205

503

797

978

1 087

1 083

1 149

9.6

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

31

91

130

84

130

120

7.0

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Texas was the largest exporting state in 2004, with exports valued at $117.2 billion in 2004. The leading exports were computers and electronic products, chemical manufactures, and machinery manufactures, which together accounted for almost 60 percent of the state’s exports. Chemical manufactures exports grew 54.5 percent from 2001 to 2004. Petroleum and coal products, Texas’s fifth leading export, grew 66.7 percent during this period. Mexico was the state’s largest export market, accounting for 39 percent of exports. South Korea and China have been the fastest growing of Texas’s leading markets. Exports to both countries increased by over 180 percent from 2001 to 2004.

Chemicals 19.2%

Machinery 12.5%

Computers and electronic products 27.0%

Transportation equipment 10.7%

Other 25.3%

Petroleum and coal products 5.4%

Table TX-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

94 995 90 574 2 884 1 537

95 396 90 302 3 449 1 645

98 846 93 677 3 565 1 605

117 245 111 489 4 193 1 563

100.0 95.1 3.6 1.3

7.3 7.2 13.3 0.6

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Petroleum and coal products (324) ........................................

25 688 14 600 12 821 11 258 3 705

26 707 15 002 12 602 10 508 3 595

28 378 17 125 11 408 9 903 4 701

31 656 22 564 14 610 12 577 6 177

27.0 19.2 12.5 10.7 5.3

7.2 15.6 4.4 3.8 18.6

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Mexico ................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. South Korea ........................................................................... China ..................................................................................... Taiwan ...................................................................................

83 933 41 648 10 555 1 766 1 578 2 642

84 473 41 647 9 916 2 032 2 064 3 665

86 696 41 561 10 809 2 777 3 060 2 766

102 260 45 707 12 399 5 022 4 456 4 002

87.2 39.0 10.6 4.3 3.8 3.4

6.8 3.1 5.5 41.7 41.3 14.9

466

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TX-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002

AGRICULTURE

(Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ...................................................................... Land in farms (acres) ...............................................................

228 173 133 956 359

228 926 129 877 666

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) .................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ............................................................ 50 to 499 acres .................................................................... 500 acres or more ................................................................

587

567

30.9 50.4 18.6

32.6 49.4 18.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm ............................. Average value per acre ........................................................ Machinery and equipment average value per farm .................

361 821 616 37 795

439 066 768 40 553

14 016 017 4 475 682 9 540 334 61 427

14 134 744 3 731 751 10 402 993 61 744

70.2 22.2 7.6

71.5 22.1 6.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) ............................................. Percent of farms receiving government payments ..................

426 566 23.3

528 979 18.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ............................................................................

40.4

53.6

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ........................................................ Crops ................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products .................................. Average per farm (dollars) ....................................................... Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ............................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 .............................................................. $100,000 or more ................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled $14.1 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. Texas was the second largest agricultural state after California. Its farm production grew slowly after the previous agriculture census in 1997, experiencing an increase of only 2.7 percent. Despite the size of the farming sector, most farms were relatively small-scale enterprises—some 71 percent had sales of less than $10,000, and less than 54 percent of all farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. Almost one-third of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Energy prices in Texas were among the lowest in the nation in 2001. Energy expenditures per person amounted to $3,404, which was the fifth highest amount in the country. The state’s per capita energy consumption was the fifth highest in the nation, due to heavy industrial use. The industrial sector accounted for over 53 percent of energy consumption in Texas. Petroleum and natural gas were the state’s chief energy sources. Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

6,000

Residential 13.1% Transportation 22.3%

4,500

3,000

1,500

Commercial 11.3%

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 53.4%

Table TX-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

4 432 134 462.6

5 158 058 497.0

6 780 950 605.5

7 367 848 586.2

9 059 061 636.7

8 823 421 542.2

9 932 711 584.7

10 650 079 570.1

12 073 470 579.0

12 028 830 563.7

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

8.3 4.5 69.3 18.0

9.1 5.3 67.7 17.8

10.1 6.7 65.3 17.9

10.4 7.6 60.8 21.2

10.6 8.4 61.1 19.9

12.2 10.1 54.7 22.9

12.0 10.2 56.2 21.7

12.0 10.7 57.0 20.4

12.9 11.2 54.7 21.3

13.1 11.3 53.4 22.3

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

24 974 2 815 483 1 551 954 0 11 859 38 296 -598 -9 832

29 182 3 181 456 1 908 986 0 7 771 41 196 -280 -10 253

30 767 4 203 877 2 469 058 0 10 550 52 207 -416 14 907

196 172 4 046 930 3 074 390 0 20 052 55 820 -1 169 -24 345

734 145 4 226 105 4 092 186 0 10 171 83 522 -1 982 -85 085

1 148 998 3 514 373 3 998 789 0 14 636 76 230 -14 70 411

1 333 651 3 877 833 4 407 508 167 823 18 657 87 280 400 39 559

1 364 829 4 037 540 4 766 664 379 842 17 565 101 081 -2 296 -15 145

1 548 171 4 550 105 5 453 025 391 670 8 456 88 378 6 104 27 561

1 493 398 4 434 592 5 521 036 398 726 12 212 74 469 13 304 81 093

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

5 328 100 476

12 506 200 995

35 449 000 2 491

42 828 700 2 632

43 234 000 2 545

46 866 500 2 509

73 258 900 3 513

72 652 500 3 404

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.29 2.47 1.91 0.64 2.07

2.82 4.06 3.92 1.97 3.54

6.05 8.39 7.76 4.81 7.42

7.07 13.70 12.42 5.10 7.45

6.47 14.01 11.73 4.11 7.57

6.44 15.49 12.24 4.05 7.37

8.82 17.69 14.26 6.45 9.63

8.80 19.64 16.50 6.09 8.96

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

TEXAS

467

Table TX-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

30 751 860

100.0

1 367.4

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

24 620 778 15 460 221 9 160 557 601 841 1 130 499 2 918 842 793 107 534 577 3 146 812

80.1 50.3 29.8 2.0 3.7 9.5 2.6 1.7 10.2

1 094.7 687.4 407.3 26.8 50.3 129.8 35.3 23.8 139.9

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Corporation .................................................................................. Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

4 083 148 1 896 287 1 232 494 681 645

13.3 6.2 4.0 2.2

181.6 84.3 54.8 30.3

134.9 21.6 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Severance ...................................................................................

2 047 934 1 896 803

6.7 6.2

91.1 84.3

847.6 21.5

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Texas 2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were lower than average. Texas ranked 48th for both measures in 2003. The state had no individual income, corporate income, or property taxes. Spending per capita was lower than average for all major categories, except for correctional facilities. The chief sources of tax revenue in fiscal year 2004 were general sales taxes, public utility taxes, and, to a lesser extent, severance (a tax on the removal of natural resources that is prevalent in western states). Per capita taxes were the lowest in the nation. Texas’s per capita debt of $661 was the second lowest in the country.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Sales and gross receipts

Total taxes

Table TX-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

66 457 732 24 349 595 29 098 584 14 347 144 9 013 791 3 980 083 0 0 1 757 566 6 321 818 6 687 735

100.0 36.6 43.8 21.6 13.6 6.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 9.5 10.1

3 006.7 1 101.6 1 316.5 649.1 407.8 180.1 0.0 0.0 79.5 286.0 302.6

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

66 803 548 17 332 957 49 470 591

100.0 25.9 74.1

3 022.4 784.2 2 238.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

26 995 012 18 498 427 2 833 200 1 401 878 5 265 805 430 531 3 201 068 789 999 114 090 1 570 287 951 418 4 751 833

40.4 27.7 4.2 2.1 7.9 0.6 4.8 1.2 0.2 2.4 1.4 7.1

1 221.3 836.9 128.2 63.4 238.2 19.5 144.8 35.7 5.2 71.0 43.0 215.0

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

14 616 237

X

661.3

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

181 581 079

X

8 215.2

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

468

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table TX-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 13 356

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

78.3 24.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

4 259 823 46.7 15.3 7 757 15.0 7 136

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

1 184 082 82 649 57.9

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Texas

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Texas ranked 51st in the nation for high school attainment, with just 78.3 percent of its residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. This largely reflected the state’s high number of immigrant residents, many of whom came from countries in which they lacked access to secondary education. Texas ranked 35th in the country for college attainment in 2004, with 24.5 percent of residents age 25 years and over holding bachelor’s degrees or more. Despite its high proportion of studentage population, Texas’s per student expenditures of $7,136 ranked 35th in the country. The student/teacher ratio was below the national average. The state’s dropout rate of 3.8 percent was close to the average of the 46 states reporting such data.

Texas’s voter turnout was among the lowest in the country for both the 2000 and 2004 elections, despite the fact that the Republican presidential candidate in both elections was a Texan. About 30 percent of eligible Asians and Hispanics cast ballots in 2004. About 63 percent of non-Hispanic Whites and 55 percent of Blacks participated in the 2004 election. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 59.3 percent of voters cast their ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion rose to 61.1 percent in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democratic candidate were 47.3 and 42.5 percent, respectively.

Table TX-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

14 533 7 079 7 454

12 937 6 222 6 715

89.0 87.9 90.1

8 929 4 189 4 740

61.4 59.2 63.6

7 005 3 305 3 700

48.2 46.7 49.6

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

15 813 7 667 8 146

13 925 6 689 7 237

88.1 87.2 88.8

9 681 4 548 5 133

61.2 59.3 63.0

7 950 3 684 4 266

50.3 48.1 52.4

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

13 246 8 246 1 669 508 5 232 13 490 8 370 1 721 535

11 639 8 107 1 613 356 3 688 11 826 8 225 1 662 376

87.9 98.3 96.7 70.0 70.5 87.7 98.3 96.6 70.3

8 148 6 065 1 141 190 2 170 8 282 6 144 1 173 199

61.5 73.6 68.4 37.5 41.5 61.4 73.4 68.2 37.2

6 706 5 232 931 152 1 533 6 808 5 292 955 160

50.6 63.4 55.8 29.9 29.3 50.5 63.2 55.5 30.0

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

2 119 6 638 4 944 1 126 986

1 841 5 482 4 587 1 074 941

86.9 82.6 92.8 95.4 95.5

990 3 680 3 430 853 728

46.7 55.4 69.4 75.7 73.8

709 2 897 3 002 739 602

33.5 43.6 60.7 65.6 61.1

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

UTAH At a Glance: •

In 2004, Utah’s population was close to 2.4 million; this represented a 7 percent increase from 2001. Nearly 84 percent of the state’s residents were non-Hispanic White. Hispanics (of any race) made up 10.6 percent of the population, which was the 12th highest proportion of this ethnic group in the country. In 2004, 31 percent of Utah’s population was under 18 years old, which was the highest proportion of this age group in the nation. The state had the lowest median age in the country. Utah had the highest birth rate in the nation, which accounted for most of its population growth in recent years. The state’s median household income was almost $51,000, ranking as the 11th highest in the nation. Utah’s poverty rate of 9.9 percent was well below the national average of 12.7 percent. Utah’s real gross state product (GSP) ranked 33rd in the nation in 2004. From 2003 to 2004, the state’s GSP grew 5.2 percent, which was the 12th highest growth rate in the country. The state’s unemployment rate of 5.2 percent was slightly below the national average.

•

• • • •

Table UT-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 722 850 0.7

2 233 169 0.8

2 389 039 0.8

X X

1.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

855 759 867 091

1 119 031 1 114 138

1 199 315 1 189 724

50.2 49.8

1.7 1.7

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

169 633 457 811 245 892 1 095 406 199 986 499 570 149 958 13 611

209 378 509 320 1 514 471 317 431 626 600 380 218 190 222 21 751

232 793 507 321 1 648 925 312 896 690 645 437 673 207 711 25 700

9.7 21.2 69.0 13.1 28.9 18.3 8.7 1.1

2.2 0.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 4.2 2.4 4.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

26.2

27.1

27.9

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

3.0 2.6

United States Utah 2.0 1.7

1.7 1.2

1.0

0.9

1.1

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Utah has experienced relatively fast population growth in recent years. This was due to its younger population, which had a high birth rate, and a relatively low number of deaths. Between 2000 and 2004, the population increased by 7 percent, the 7th fastest growth rate in the nation, despite an out-migration of nearly 39,000 people to other states. Due to its high birth rate and larger family size, Utah had the highest proportion of population under 18 years old in the country. Just 8.7 percent of its population was over 65 years old, which was the second lowest proportion of this age group in the country, behind only Alaska. Utah had the highest average household size in the nation, exceeding 3 persons per household.

469

470

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table UT-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 722 850

2 233 169

2 389 039

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.2 0.6 1.4 1.9 2.2 ...

85.6 0.7 1.2 2.4 ... 1.1

83.8 0.8 1.2 2.5 ... 1.2

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

4.9

9.0

10.6

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004 18

Rate (per 100,000 population)

12

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

American Indian, Alaska Native

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race) Asian and Pacific Islander

6

Non-Hispanic Black Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, the proportion of Utah residents without health insurance was substantially below the national average; however, this proportion has risen slightly since 1999. The infant mortality rate was among the five lowest in the country. Age-adjusted death rates also ranked among the lowest in the nation.

Table UT-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

49 860 21.2 34.6

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.3

6.9

780.2 781.8 1 020.8 804.8 673.4 642.5

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.1 10.4 6.1

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Utah

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table UT-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

12 714

780.2

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

4 131 2 349 551 674 518 408 320 316 177 104 320 210 132 247 114 61 96 18 30 26 29 8

265.4 145.6 35.3 34.0 32.6 26.4 21.1 14.5 11.4 6.5 15.4 10.1 7.8 12.2 6.4 2.6 5.8 0.9 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

UTAH

471

Table UT-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

537 273 410 862 348 029 62 833 13 756 49 077 126 411 101 640 24 771

701 281 535 294 442 931 92 363 26 422 65 941 165 987 124 756 41 231

780 029 595 432 491 520 103 912 32 058 71 854 184 597 143 654 40 943

2.7 2.7 2.6 3.0 5.0 2.2 2.7 3.6 -0.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

3.15 598 388 537 273 365 979 171 294

3.13 768 594 701 281 501 547 199 734

3.01 848 737 780 029 543 666 236 363

X 2.5 2.7 2.0 4.3

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

369 68 700

597 146 100

662 157 275

2.6 1.9

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

60,000

1,000

40,000

Dollars

United States Utah

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

20,000 United States

250

Utah 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table UT-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

50 970 50 599 50 273 50 519 52 157

9.9 9.1 9.9 10.5 7.6

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

52 198 51 269 50 202 44 397 44 902 45 030 46 068 45 192 37 892 42 242

5.7 9.0 8.9 7.7 8.4 8.0 10.7 9.4 12.9 8.2

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

45 188 40 372 42 186 43 215 42 258 39 893 ... ... ... ...

8.2 9.8 10.2 12.6 10.9 11.1 13.5 14.5 12.2 10.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

472

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table UT-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 697 167 226 378 289 265 173 199

1 206 99 186 308 249 225 110 28

71.0 59.4 82.1 81.5 86.3 84.7 63.8 14.3

1 142 82 173 293 241 218 107 28

5.3 17.0 7.0 5.0 3.4 3.1 2.4 2.4

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

839 83 118 189 145 131 84

668 50 99 177 138 123 65

79.5 60.2 84.4 93.9 95.1 93.9 77.3

633 42 93 169 132 118 64

5.2 16.5 6.6 4.6 3.9 4.0 2.2

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

858 84 109 190 144 135 89

538 49 87 131 111 102 45

62.7 58.6 79.6 69.2 77.4 75.7 50.9

509 41 80 124 108 100 44

5.4 17.6 7.4 5.5 2.7 2.0 2.7

519 507 76

429 306 56

82.7 60.3 73.6

417 297 52

2.8 2.8 7.6

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 615 798 817

1 147 635 511

71.0 79.6 62.6

1 088 604 484

5.1 5.0 5.3

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

149 82 67

111 68 43

74.8 83.7 63.9

100 63 37

10.0 7.9 13.2

White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

154 213 359 272 256 167 195

94 174 292 234 218 106 28

60.7 81.9 81.3 86.3 85.2 63.7 14.6

78 163 277 227 211 104 28

16.7 6.7 4.9 3.1 2.9 2.5 2.5

Hispanic or Latino1 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................

43 34

34 30

81.0 89.6

31 29

10.6 5.0

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table UT-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

1 203 459 1 188 279 1 174 582 1 153 387 1 133 870

1 140 498 1 121 088 1 107 379 1 103 028 1 095 657

62 961 67 191 67 203 50 359 38 213

5.2 5.7 5.7 4.4 3.4

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

1 120 591 1 101 973 1 068 279 1 040 493 1 014 959 983 265 931 787 889 272 851 100 820 436

1 080 441 1 061 282 1 034 429 1 004 347 979 367 945 389 892 956 845 398 810 806 784 050

40 150 40 691 33 850 36 146 35 592 37 876 38 831 43 874 40 294 36 386

3.6 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.9 4.7 4.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Utah

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

UTAH

473

Table UT-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

1 393 316 20 418 1 372 898 1 165 611 3 006 8 859 4 357 95 865 127 588 87 952 39 636 45 973 161 781 47 873 36 548 77 876 52 635 80 872 21 814 78 362 31 517 102 721 28 156 87 333 72 475 207 287

1 394 356 19 678 1 374 678 1 162 965 3 302 8 345 4 152 91 122 119 891 80 789 39 102 45 044 163 472 46 523 33 526 80 112 52 976 80 947 21 657 76 672 33 523 105 976 29 464 89 403 76 858 211 713

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

29 677 21 511 29 711 29 758 20 145 50 962 73 675 30 441 36 250 38 396 31 448 41 744 20 215 35 689 41 023 39 928 25 259 46 361 48 914 19 917 20 840 28 537 18 605 11 897 28 855 29 500

30 301 30 818 30 299 30 113 17 615 49 285 83 344 30 764 36 847 38 952 32 472 42 156 20 607 36 884 40 616 41 248 26 136 45 649 46 072 20 612 21 160 29 286 23 406 12 240 30 047 31 108

1 405 443 20 114 1 385 329 1 171 704 3 030 8 513 4 023 92 173 118 224 78 611 39 613 44 813 164 035 45 657 33 211 81 953 54 254 83 329 20 299 77 374 34 636 110 575 28 335 89 911 77 359 213 625

1 445 498 19 835 1 425 663 1 210 434 2 949 9 097 4 047 97 836 120 790 79 984 40 806 46 031 168 648 46 695 33 467 82 860 56 912 85 454 20 509 83 887 35 867 114 876 29 015 92 501 78 993 215 229

1.2 -1.0 1.3 1.3 -0.6 0.9 -2.4 0.7 -1.8 -3.1 1.0 0.0 1.4 -0.8 -2.9 2.1 2.6 1.9 -2.0 2.3 4.4 3.8 1.0 1.9 2.9 1.3

31 971 22 945 32 005 31 768 18 638 55 094 66 179 31 087 38 647 40 901 34 226 44 971 22 441 39 089 42 613 45 093 28 239 49 267 50 484 21 795 22 441 31 100 19 455 12 621 32 593 33 049

2.5 2.2 2.5 2.2 -2.6 2.6 -3.5 0.7 2.2 2.1 2.9 2.5 3.5 3.1 1.3 4.1 3.8 2.0 1.1 3.1 2.5 2.9 1.5 2.0 4.1 3.9

Dollars 30 866 22 329 30 902 30 669 18 088 50 742 64 123 30 533 37 950 40 275 33 326 42 745 21 385 37 773 40 810 43 279 26 362 47 218 47 747 20 589 21 865 30 061 19 172 12 311 31 169 31 903

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Utah’s unemployment rate has been below the national average for many years. However, in 2004, its unemployment rate of 5.2 percent was above the rates of its neighbors, Colorado, Wyoming, and Nevada. Employment in Utah increased by 3.7 percent from 2001 to 2004, which was the 10th highest rate of growth in the nation. Manufacturing jobs declined after the 2001 recession, but rebounded in 2004; however, employment remained below its 2001 level. The decline in employment in manufacturing, information, and management services was offset by job growth in retail trade, government, health care, and tourist-related industries (accommodation and food services). The state’s average wages and salaries were considerably below the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

14.9%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

44.0% 11.7%

Manufacturing Health care and social assistance

8.4%

Construction Accommodation and food services

7.9% 6.4%

6.8%

Other

474

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table UT-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

10 071 7 652 1 481 938 8 930 897 52 9 226 2 118 1 175 12 519 12 463 56

20 473 15 279 3 332 1 862 181 1 681 2 293 17 18 197 4 795 2 825 25 817 25 576 242

43 760 32 707 6 770 4 283 85 4 198 4 797 4 38 967 9 148 5 447 53 561 53 369 193

46 273 33 827 7 210 5 237 160 5 077 5 030 18 41 261 9 372 5 961 56 594 56 325 268

47 545 34 356 7 925 5 263 51 5 212 5 189 10 42 365 9 302 6 495 58 163 57 983 179

49 578 35 078 8 443 6 058 102 5 956 5 351 19 44 246 9 214 6 860 60 320 60 105 215

53 235 37 268 9 277 6 690 129 6 561 5 748 30 47 517 9 604 7 255 64 376 64 138 238

5.0 3.3 8.2 11.8 11.0 11.8 4.6 66.9 5.1 1.2 7.4 4.7 4.7 5.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 501

14 913

23 878

24 809

25 073

25 645

26 946

3.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Utah

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

In recent years, economic growth was relatively subdued in Utah. The state’s real gross state product (GSP) ranked 33rd in the nation. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew by 5.2 percent, the 12th fastest rate in the country. Contributing to this growth were construction, manufacturing, retail trade, information, real estate and related activities, and government. Agriculture, mining, and educational services showed the largest declines, but these industries represented only a small part of the state’s economy. Housing prices have risen sharply in recent years. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Utah above average and ranked 20th in the nation.

Table UT-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

60 081 0.7

63 063 0.7

65 877 0.7

67 889 0.7

68 666 0.7

70 086 0.7

71 605 0.7

75 327 0.7

3.1 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

51 059 343 963 968 4 000 7 101 11.8 2 933 4 687 2 595 2 005 4 428 6 943 14 198 23.6 3 069 1 402 1 926 569 3 206 456 1 533 2 037 9 037 15.0

53 893 378 918 985 4 086 7 542 12.0 3 477 4 977 2 664 2 186 4 670 7 246 14 801 23.5 3 375 1 349 2 001 573 3 262 471 1 627 2 143 9 175 14.5

56 536 435 935 1 045 4 164 7 720 11.7 3 629 5 269 2 719 2 731 4 909 7 747 15 249 23.1 3 563 1 390 2 123 605 3 250 494 1 670 2 154 9 340 14.2

58 280 461 969 1 013 4 025 8 426 12.4 3 651 5 148 2 853 2 858 5 149 7 890 15 837 23.3 3 958 1 482 1 878 655 3 397 508 1 747 2 212 9 609 14.2

58 920 497 892 1 015 3 825 7 513 10.9 3 910 5 507 2 662 2 759 6 028 8 168 16 145 23.5 4 106 1 552 1 827 651 3 490 618 1 747 2 154 9 745 14.2

60 219 478 815 1 095 3 686 7 544 10.8 3 983 5 878 2 780 2 801 6 181 8 414 16 576 23.7 4 147 1 490 1 874 639 3 658 732 1 819 2 217 9 869 14.1

61 719 495 815 1 023 3 628 7 954 11.1 3 854 6 274 2 861 2 938 6 596 8 465 16 882 23.6 4 383 1 538 1 900 612 3 835 591 1 809 2 214 9 896 13.8

65 152 389 810 1 065 3 819 8 354 11.1 4 040 6 827 3 002 3 348 6 831 9 031 17 773 23.6 4 595 1 561 2 120 603 4 002 594 1 892 2 406 10 193 13.5

3.4 -7.8 -3.2 1.6 -0.1 3.6 X 1.1 7.4 4.1 6.7 4.3 3.4 3.3 X 3.8 0.2 5.1 -2.5 4.7 -1.3 2.7 3.8 1.5 X

X = Not applicable.

UTAH

475

Table UT-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

1 074

2 602

4 962

5 419

6 009

6 414

6 806

8.2

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

598 510 49 31 9

1 404 1 176 75 145 9

2 375 2 153 86 130 8

2 562 2 300 86 168 8

2 736 2 441 88 199 8

2 884 2 564 90 222 9

3 052 2 721 91 232 9

6.5 6.0 1.6 15.6 4.2

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

194 112 77 5

698 379 302 17

1 717 864 830 23

1 904 966 903 35

2 114 1 042 1 021 51

2 313 1 112 1 156 45

2 580 1 236 1 291 53

10.7 9.4 11.7 23.6

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

108 12 48 24 24

248 38 65 74 71

489 87 51 68 283

435 93 41 68 233

464 98 55 83 228

547 99 59 107 282

598 104 59 128 306

5.1 4.5 3.6 17.2 2.0 10.7

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

74

65

117

182

316

289

176

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

68

88

131

141

155

167

178

8.0

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

31

87

118

152

172

178

188

12.4

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

2

12

14

42

50

36

34

24.0

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

From 2001 to 2004, Utah’s exports increased quite rapidly, growing by 34.6 percent. In 2004, the state was the nation’s 31st largest exporter, with total exports valued at $4.7 billion. The chief exports were primary metal manufactures (primarily gold), computers and electronic products, and transportation equipment. Chemical manufactures were the fastest-growing export. Transportation equipment exports dropped about 20 percent from 2001 to 2004. Canada was the state’s largest export market, followed by Switzerland (which was the primary purchaser of Utah’s gold), the United Kingdom, and Japan. China was the state’s fastest-growing overseas market, as exports to this country tripled from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 19.3%

Transportation equipment 10.0%

Primary metal manufactures 32.0%

Chemicals 9.1% Processed foods 6.5%

Other 23.1%

Table UT-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

3 506 3 306 118 82

4 543 4 377 69 96

4 115 3 961 53 101

4 718 4 472 113 133

100.0 94.8 2.4 2.8

10.4 10.6 -1.5 17.6

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Primary metal manufactures (331) ........................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Processed foods (311) ...........................................................

1 008 511 589 230 231

1 913 758 489 265 255

1 466 624 467 340 283

1 508 911 470 430 309

32.0 19.3 10.0 9.1 6.5

14.3 21.2 -7.3 23.2 10.1

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Switzerland ............................................................................ United Kingdom ..................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Germany ................................................................................

3 204 543 696 421 396 94

4 314 513 1 341 710 427 69

3 832 544 1 105 487 476 119

4 424 866 773 560 542 170

93.8 18.3 16.4 11.9 11.5 3.6

11.4 16.8 3.5 9.9 11.0 22.1

476

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table UT-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 15 810 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 12 008 137

2002

15 282 11 731 228

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

760

768

49.6 35.9 14.5

54.8 31.2 14.0

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

456 494 600 48 784

586 310 756 62 600

888 579 255 336 633 243 56 204

1 115 898 257 797 858 101 73 020

59.9 29.6 10.5

66.4 23.2 10.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

15 958 17.1

26 669 19.5

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

39.7

48.7

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Cash receipts from farming totaled $11.1 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was a 27 percent increase from the previous agriculture census in 1997. Cattle was the state’s chief product. About two-thirds of farms had sales of less than $10,000, a significant increase from 1997. Only 49 percent of all farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. Nearly 55 percent of farms in Utah spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the 11th largest proportion of farms of this size in the country. ENERGY Energy consumption in Utah was below average, ranking 32nd in the nation. The state’s energy prices were well below average. Utah’s energy expenditures per person were about $1,989, the second lowest in the country. The chief sources of energy were coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The industrial sector was the largest consumer of energy in the state.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 400

Trillion of Btu

Transportation 29.4%

Residential 19.2%

300 200 100 0 -100 -200 Petroleum

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 32.1%

Commercial 19.3 %

Table UT-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

303 315 340.4

339 632 342.7

397 006 374.8

480 927 389.1

504 960 345.6

500 272 304.5

551 223 319.9

645 294 326.4

749 835 335.8

725 378 318.2

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

14.0 9.4 55.2 21.3

14.6 12.0 52.6 20.8

17.2 10.7 49.0 23.1

19.3 11.0 46.0 23.7

21.0 10.8 43.0 25.1

23.5 14.0 36.2 26.4

18.5 15.8 38.7 27.0

17.6 16.3 38.0 28.1

18.4 18.0 34.2 29.5

19.2 19.3 32.1 29.4

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

90 967 72 441 127 635 0 3 275 2 219 0 6 779

75 449 99 810 142 350 0 9 545 1 956 0 10 521

78 777 114 377 165 790 0 7 776 2 303 0 27 982

115 740 117 952 203 894 0 11 181 2 893 0 29 267

168 254 124 990 200 384 0 8 533 4 497 0 -1 697

199 366 123 750 173 979 0 10 646 6 250 2 329 -16 047

366 836 126 913 193 200 0 5 289 3 306 3 668 -147 989

361 428 166 860 228 303 0 9 990 3 858 3 454 -128 599

403 075 173 438 269 011 0 7 657 5 652 3 777 -112 775

389 584 168 112 261 372 0 5 173 4 962 3 841 -107 665

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

429 800 406

989 500 801

2 202 700 1 508

2 629 400 1 600

2 736 700 1 588

3 121 700 1 579

4 504 200 2 017

4 533 000 1 988

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.31 1.61 1.81 0.57 2.28

2.60 2.37 3.29 1.61 3.97

5.80 4.65 7.53 3.48 8.82

7.25 7.70 11.61 4.52 8.29

7.15 8.44 9.35 4.20 8.39

7.00 8.29 8.81 3.99 8.29

8.70 9.39 9.36 4.51 11.06

9.16 11.11 10.72 5.06 10.39

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

477

UTAH

Table UT-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Percent distribution

Thousands of dollars

State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

4 189 172

100.0

1 753.5

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

X

X

X

2 024.8 38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

2 138 897 1 556 332 582 565 28 174 105 965 344 121 61 663 28 797

51.1 37.2 13.9 0.7 2.5 8.2 1.5 0.7

895.3 651.5 243.8 11.8 44.4 144.0 25.8 12.0

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

155 547 91 372 27 232

3.7 2.2 0.7

65.1 38.2 11.4

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

1 894 728 1 692 277 145 005 47 772

45.2 40.4 3.5 1.1

793.1 708.4 60.7 20.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 21.5

X = Not applicable.

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Utah

2,000

Dollars

Utah’s per capita revenue amounted to $3,724 in 2003. The state’s per capita expenditures of $3,902 ranked 28th in the nation. Spending per person was above average on education, hospitals, highways, and natural resources, but below average on public welfare and health. Utah’s per capita taxes in fiscal year 2004 were $1,754, which ranked 38th in the nation. The largest sources of tax revenue were individual income taxes, general sales taxes, and motor fuels taxes. Unlike many other western states, severance (taxes on the removal of natural resources) made only a small contribution to state revenues. Utah had no property taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table UT-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

8 758 929 2 493 503 3 954 815 1 485 977 528 507 148 835 1 572 512 148 218 70 766 1 763 397 547 214

100.0 28.5 45.2 17.0 6.0 1.7 18.0 1.7 0.8 20.1 6.2

3 724.0 1 060.2 1 681.5 631.8 224.7 63.3 668.6 63.0 30.1 749.7 232.7

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

9 176 425 2 165 151 7 011 274

100.0 23.6 76.4

3 901.5 920.6 2 981.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

4 189 768 1 758 344 532 586 247 222 771 231 82 771 261 283 189 195 36 732 558 195 190 363 358 735

45.7 19.2 5.8 2.7 8.4 0.9 2.8 2.1 0.4 6.1 2.1 3.9

1 781.4 747.6 226.4 105.1 327.9 35.2 111.1 80.4 15.6 237.3 80.9 152.5

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

5 064 112

X

2 153.1

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

16 919 090

X

7 193.5

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

478

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table UT-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 291

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

91.0 30.8

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

489 072 33.1 10.0 803 22.4 4 838

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.7

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

186 079 19 086 49.8

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Utah

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, 91 percent of Utah’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, which was the fifth highest proportion in the nation. Nearly 31 percent of the population in this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more; this proportion ranked eighth in the country. Expenditures per student of $4,838 were the lowest in the nation, while the student/teacher ratio was the highest in the country. Both of these measures reflected the state’s large student-age population. Utah’s dropout rate of 3.7 percent ranked 37th of the 46 states reporting such data. Within the state, 10 percent of students were English language learners, compared with 7.8 percent nationally

Voter turnout was only just above the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. The participation rate increased from 56.3 percent in 2000 to 62.8 percent in 2004. About 67 percent of non-Hispanic Whites voted in 2004, while just 25.8 percent of Hispanics (of any race) cast ballots. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 66.8 percent of Utah’s voters cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000, and this proportion increased to 71.3 percent in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democratic candidate were 26.3 percent and 26 percent, respectively.

Table UT-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 472 724 748

1 378 677 701

93.6 93.5 93.7

953 453 500

64.7 62.5 66.9

829 386 443

56.3 53.3 59.3

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 629 811 818

1 508 745 763

92.5 91.9 93.2

1 141 547 594

70.1 67.5 72.6

1 022 494 529

62.8 60.9 64.6

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 561 1 461 10 32 104 1 569 1 466 11 33

1 469 1 404 6 15 67 1 476 1 409 7 16

94.1 96.1 B B 64.3 94.0 96.1 B B

1 120 1 094 5 8 28 1 125 1 097 6 8

71.7 74.9 B B 27.0 71.7 74.8 B B

1 003 979 5 8 27 1 007 981 5 8

64.3 67.0 B B 25.8 64.2 66.9 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

305 685 417 123 98

286 610 396 118 97

93.7 89.0 94.9 96.1 B

178 448 321 110 84

58.3 65.4 77.0 89.4 B

145 404 289 106 78

47.4 59.0 69.3 86.5 B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

VERMONT At a Glance: •

Vermont’s population was just over 621,000, making it the 49th most populous state in the country. Only the District of Columbia and Wyoming had fewer residents. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 96 percent of Vermont’s population, giving the state the second highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. Just over 11 percent of Vermont’s residents lacked health insurance, which was among the 10 lowest proportions of uninsured population in the nation. The state’s median household income of $47,487 was well above average in 2004, ranking 16th in the country. Vermont’s poverty rate of 7.9 percent was the third lowest in the nation. Economic activity grew steadily from 2001 to 2004, despite the recession in 2001. In 2004, Vermont’s real gross state product was the second smallest in the nation, larger only than that of North Dakota. The state’s unemployment rate of 3.7 percent was among the lowest in the country. The educational attainment rates of Vermont’s population age 25 years and over were above average for both high school and college.

• • • •

•

Table VT-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

562 758 0.2

608 827 0.2

621 394 0.2

X X

0.5 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

275 492 287 266

298 337 310 490

305 802 315 592

49.2 50.8

0.6 0.4

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

41 261 101 822 102 657 419 675 63 166 187 689 66 163 7 523

33 989 113 534 461 304 56 586 176 456 150 752 77 510 9 996

31 181 103 713 486 500 62 080 164 655 179 003 80 762 11 478

5.0 16.7 78.3 10.0 26.5 28.8 13.0 1.8

-2.1 0.1 1.1 -0.2 -0.9 4.1 1.5 3.2

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.9

37.7

40.2

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 United States Vermont 1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1

1.0 0.8 0.5

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Vermont’s population has grown slowly in recent years. From 2000 to 2004, the number of residents increased by 2.1 percent, a growth rate lower than the rates of its New England neighbors, New Hampshire and Maine, but faster than the rates of New York and Massachusetts. Just over 60 percent of the state’s population increase from 2000 to 2004 was due to the in-migration of new residents from other states and other countries. Just 21.7 percent of Vermont’s population was 18 years old and under, which was among the lowest proportions of this age group in the nation. Vermont had the third highest median age in the country in 2004. Burlington was the state’s largest city.

479

480

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VT-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

562 758

608 827

621 394

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

98.1 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.1 ...

96.3 0.5 0.4 0.9 ... 1.0

96.0 0.6 0.4 1.0 ... 1.0

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.7

0.9

1.0

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

4

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

3

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 2 Non-Hispanic Black 1 Two or more races 0

1,000

Vermont 750

500

250

0

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Vermont’s infant mortality rate was among the 10 lowest in the nation. The state’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was also below the national average. Vermont, which had the second lowest birth rate for teenage mothers, tied with Maine for the lowest overall birth rate in the country. Table VT-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

6 589 10.6 18.9

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.5

6.9

800.5 805.2 ... ... ... ...

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

11.2 4.8 1.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

United States

All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table VT-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

5 134

800.5

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

1 877 1 238 298 235 164 121 149 79 67 44 80 56 48 48 48 11 44 * * 7 7 8

291.3 192.7 46.9 37.2 25.6 18.6 22.9 12.6 10.5 6.8 12.6 8.8 7.3 7.7 7.2 1.8 6.7 * * 1.1 1.2 1.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

VERMONT

481

Table VT-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

210 650 144 895 118 905 25 990 6 630 19 360 65 755 49 366 16 389

240 634 157 763 126 413 31 350 9 078 22 272 82 871 63 112 19 759

249 590 162 020 129 304 32 716 10 405 22 311 87 570 66 729 20 841

0.9 0.7 0.6 1.1 3.5 0.0 1.4 1.4 1.3

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.57 271 214 210 650 145 368 65 282

2.44 294 382 240 634 169 784 70 850

2.41 304 291 249 590 182 863 66 727

X 0.8 0.9 1.9 -1.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

446 95 600

553 111 500

674 154 318

5.1 8.5

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Vermont

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Vermont

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table VT-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 487 44 424 45 166 43 532 43 430

7.9 8.5 9.9 9.7 10.0

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 135 45 567 41 139 38 787 41 633 45 138 39 991 43 218 39 432 43 582

9.6 9.9 9.3 12.6 10.3 7.6 10.0 10.5 12.6 10.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

46 039 44 476 40 414 40 449 43 534 39 064 ... ... ... ...

8.0 8.1 9.3 11.0 9.2 12.6 15.6 12.9 12.3 12.0

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

482

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VT-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

499 36 44 74 93 100 67 85

353 21 35 64 81 88 49 15

70.8 57.8 80.4 87.0 86.9 87.2 72.7 18.2

340 19 34 61 79 86 48 15

3.7 11.8 5.3 4.9 2.7 2.3 1.8 3.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

243 19 21 37 47 49 34 37

185 11 17 34 44 44 26 9

75.9 56.7 82.1 92.8 93.9 90.4 76.4 23.5

177 9 16 33 42 43 25 8

4.0 14.2 5.5 4.3 3.2 2.6 2.1 2.9

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

256 17 23 37 47 52 33 48

169 10 18 30 37 44 23 7

65.8 59.0 78.9 81.1 80.0 84.2 68.9 14.1

163 9 17 28 36 43 22 6

3.4 9.2 5.2 5.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 3.6

135 133 24

105 91 17

77.7 68.3 73.5

103 89 16

2.4 2.0 5.4

484 236 248

343 179 163

70.8 76.0 65.9

330 172 158

3.7 3.9 3.4

35 43 70 90 98 65 84

20 34 61 79 86 48 15

58.6 80.6 87.0 87.5 87.5 73.1 18.3

18 33 58 76 84 47 15

11.2 5.5 5.0 2.6 2.3 1.8 3.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women .................................................. RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table VT-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

353 435 351 533 347 504 340 663 335 411

340 374 335 823 333 703 329 460 326 560

13 061 15 710 13 801 11 203 8 851

3.7 4.5 4.0 3.3 2.6

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

335 415 331 859 328 820 323 924 318 986 316 225 314 881 312 421 308 636 309 280

325 581 321 608 315 806 309 653 305 279 301 836 298 277 292 288 288 280 294 074

9 834 10 251 13 014 14 271 13 707 14 389 16 604 20 133 20 356 15 206

2.9 3.1 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.6 5.3 6.4 6.6 4.9

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Vermont

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

VERMONT

483

Table VT-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

407 733 9 489 398 244 345 146 3 667 1 349 1 734 27 978 48 315 35 143 13 172 11 403 49 467 9 124 8 080 13 361 11 200 23 521 405 13 438 15 595 44 653 9 131 31 757 20 968 53 098

409 692 9 714 399 978 346 125 3 878 1 153 1 769 27 568 43 663 31 090 12 573 11 399 49 875 9 168 D 13 271 11 258 23 476 427 13 733 16 846 47 547 9 718 31 830 D 53 853

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

29 428 18 603 29 524 29 451 23 706 34 997 64 584 32 761 41 378 44 373 33 094 41 071 20 899 30 772 35 176 44 538 25 745 43 017 47 003 23 040 21 774 28 577 16 907 15 040 19 715 29 888

30 143 24 401 30 197 29 951 24 293 38 975 70 326 32 809 42 775 46 226 33 832 42 499 21 616 31 183 D 46 262 26 978 43 635 56 266 23 830 21 869 29 232 16 605 15 638 D 31 396

411 500 9 541 401 959 347 533 3 387 1 171 1 802 29 148 40 304 28 423 11 881 11 629 49 477 8 924 7 848 13 259 11 504 23 699 369 14 483 17 206 49 794 9 807 31 643 22 079 54 426

418 438 8 976 409 462 354 556 3 284 1 186 1 787 30 754 39 869 28 139 11 730 11 627 50 382 9 095 7 730 13 152 12 160 24 374 388 15 587 17 488 51 097 10 032 32 104 22 460 54 906

0.9 -1.8 0.9 0.9 -3.6 -4.2 1.0 3.2 -6.2 -7.1 -3.8 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -1.5 -0.5 2.8 1.2 -1.4 5.1 3.9 4.6 3.2 0.4 2.3 1.1

32 443 26 112 32 494 32 026 26 280 39 739 78 700 34 786 45 281 48 890 36 286 44 649 23 351 33 134 38 859 52 073 29 270 48 673 57 847 26 338 24 340 30 737 19 469 16 815 21 608 34 753

3.3 12.0 3.2 2.8 3.5 4.3 6.8 2.0 3.1 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.8 2.5 3.4 5.3 4.4 4.2 7.2 4.6 3.8 2.5 4.8 3.8 3.1 5.2

Dollars 31 221 20 196 31 327 30 912 25 708 41 116 68 638 33 403 44 178 47 677 35 496 44 212 22 442 31 901 37 237 50 018 27 640 47 041 59 461 23 618 22 850 29 768 17 511 16 181 20 897 33 322

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States. D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies.

LABOR MARKET Vermont’s unemployment rate has been well below average since the mid-1990s, and remained lower than the rates of neighboring Maine and New Hampshire. The state’s unemployment rate rose following the 2001 recession, but declined in subsequent years, reaching 3.7 percent in 2004. Employment grew steadily over the 2001– 2004 period, as job gains in construction and most service-providing industries offset declines in manufacturing. The state’s major employers were government, health care, and retail trade. Average wages and salaries were below the national average for most major industry groups, but rose at an above average rate from 2001 and 2004.

Employment by Industry, 2004

13.1% Government and government enterprises 38.1%

12.2%

Health care and social assistance Retail trade Manufacturing

12.0%

Accommodation and food services Construction

7.3% 7.7%

9.5%

Other

484

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VT-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

3 327 2 435 451 440 74 367 310 14 3 031 756 627 4 414 4 309 106

7 473 5 434 1 108 930 70 861 845 49 6 677 2 163 1 256 10 096 9 988 108

12 234 8 965 1 791 1 478 104 1 373 1 392 219 11 060 3 407 2 416 16 883 16 723 160

12 836 9 405 1 927 1 504 82 1 422 1 486 232 11 582 3 513 2 647 17 742 17 601 140

13 150 9 628 2 153 1 369 -2 1 371 1 533 236 11 853 3 329 2 847 18 030 17 953 77

13 743 9 950 2 330 1 462 35 1 427 1 587 267 12 423 3 226 2 994 18 644 18 541 102

14 608 10 459 2 534 1 615 45 1 570 1 661 292 13 240 3 337 3 144 19 721 19 604 117

4.5 3.9 9.1 2.2 -19.1 3.4 4.5 7.5 4.6 -0.5 6.8 4.0 4.1 -7.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 613

17 876

27 680

28 944

29 245

30 103

31 737

3.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Vermont

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table VT-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004

The economy was largely immune to the national slowdown in 2001, showing steady growth throughout the 2001–2004 period. Vermont’s real gross state product grew 11.5 percent during this period, giving the state the 16th highest rate of growth in the country. Contributing to this growth were utilities, construction, durable goods manufacturing, retail trade, real estate and related activities, and government. Manufacturing, government, and health care were the leading sectors of the state’s economy. In recent years, housing prices have risen at a rate above the national average. The median value of owneroccupied housing in 2004 was above average at $154,318; this value represented an increase of 38.4 percent from 2000.

(Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

15 501 0.2

16 155 0.2

16 896 0.2

17 661 0.2

18 350 0.2

18 748 0.2

19 562 0.2

20 454 0.2

3.7 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

13 449 220 21 455 732 2 031 13.1 772 1 256 379 576 923 1 988 4 171 26.9 808 121 316 325 1 268 147 750 436 2 058 13.3

14 061 253 24 437 782 2 251 13.9 815 1 292 385 618 936 2 017 4 290 26.6 864 120 337 334 1 277 156 760 442 2 097 13.0

14 767 285 26 459 787 2 482 14.7 833 1 366 391 617 953 2 086 4 499 26.6 937 143 338 344 1 357 160 781 439 2 129 12.6

15 426 321 27 477 742 2 823 16.0 807 1 420 423 651 1 004 2 112 4 620 26.2 980 132 313 348 1 422 150 813 462 2 235 12.7

16 030 290 28 411 787 2 971 16.2 964 1 576 389 702 1 062 2 304 4 557 24.8 947 37 325 333 1 520 143 805 447 2 320 12.6

16 391 267 27 433 758 2 990 15.9 1 030 1 705 398 721 1 075 2 284 4 723 25.2 965 42 339 325 1 621 155 850 426 2 358 12.6

17 145 274 27 496 787 3 188 16.3 1 064 1 806 408 790 1 158 2 291 4 894 25.0 1 036 44 354 316 1 693 157 858 436 2 420 12.4

17 957 243 23 562 844 3 340 16.3 1 050 1 930 420 850 1 178 2 455 5 106 25.0 1 082 44 404 315 1 739 166 891 465 2 502 12.2

3.9 -5.7 -6.3 11.0 2.4 4.0 X 2.9 7.0 2.6 6.6 3.5 2.1 3.9 X 4.5 5.9 7.5 -1.8 4.6 5.1 3.4 1.3 2.5 X

X = Not applicable.

VERMONT

485

Table VT-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

584

1 161

2 245

2 458

2 677

2 843

2 991

7.4

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

284 273 11 * *

559 542 15 2 *

938 918 14 3 3

994 973 14 4 3

1 044 1 023 14 4 3

1 090 1 068 14 4 4

1 142 1 119 14 4 4

5.0 5.1 0.1 5.6 12.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

130 69 59 1

345 178 164 3

950 405 541 3

1 070 449 616 5

1 165 482 675 7

1 257 511 740 6

1 374 562 806 7

9.7 8.5 10.4 17.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

88 16 32 19 21

145 31 52 24 39

230 52 54 31 92

234 54 54 32 94

247 56 58 34 99

267 58 59 38 113

281 60 60 42 119

5.1 3.8 2.6 7.3 6.5 17.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

35

53

44

65

112

121

84

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

35

43

58

65

77

82

82

9.2

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

13

15

24

27

30

26

27

3.1

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

*

2

3

1

1

1

-4.5

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

Leading Exports, 2004

EXPORTS

Other 10.8%

Vermont was a relatively small exporter of goods, ranking 33rd in nation for the value of its exports. In 2004, exports amounted to $3.3 billion, which represented a 16 percent increase from 2001. The state’s primary exports were computers and electronic products, which accounted for 78.5 percent of total exports. Machinery manufactures and transportation equipment followed distantly as the second and third leading exports. Exports of transportation equipment and fabricated metal products fell significantly from 2001 to 2004. Canada was by far the state’s largest export market, followed by Taiwan and South Korea. Vermont’s fastest-growing overseas markets were located in Southeast Asia.

Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 1.6% Computers and electronic products 78.5%

Fabricated metal products 1.7% Transportation equipment 3.1% Machinery 4.3%

Table VT-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 830 2 701 56 73

2 521 2 422 55 44

2 627 2 541 56 29

3 283 3 194 58 32

100.0 97.3 1.8 1.0

5.1 5.7 0.9 -24.4

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................ Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) .................

2 037 110 122 80 34

1 864 103 91 58 36

1 976 127 79 49 45

2 578 140 101 57 53

78.5 4.3 3.1 1.7 1.6

8.2 8.4 -6.1 -10.9 15.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Taiwan ................................................................................... South Korea ........................................................................... Hong Kong ............................................................................. Singapore ..............................................................................

2 713 1 390 191 187 51 21

2 463 1 054 326 332 37 41

2 555 1 079 416 243 49 141

3 233 1 516 512 260 139 133

98.5 46.2 15.6 7.9 4.2 4.0

6.0 2.9 38.9 11.5 39.8 86.4

486

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table VT-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

7 063 1 315 315

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

186

189

30.8 61.2 8.0

33.7 57.9 8.4

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

303 211 1 618 44 275

386 695 2 051 66 094

478 781 63 775 415 007 67 787

473 065 71 583 401 482 71 993

56.8 24.7 18.5

60.6 21.6 17.8

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

2 972 16.3

24 377 19.7

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

51.2

53.1

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

6 571 1 244 909

Cash receipts from farming amounted to $473 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This reflected a slight decline from the previous agriculture census in 1997. Dairy products, particularly butter, cheese, and milk, were predominant. Over 60 percent of farms reported sales of less than $10,000, and 17.8 percent had sales of $100,000 or more. Just over half of farm operators reported farming as their principal occupation. Less than 34 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was close to the national average for farms of this size. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person were the 13th highest in the nation in 2001. This reflected Vermont’s high cost of energy, which was the fourth highest in the country. The state’s per capita consumption was well below average, ranking 44th in the nation. Like its New England neighbors, Vermont’s chief energy source was petroleum, with nuclear power ranking second.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001 100

Trillion of Btu

Residential 29.2.%

Transportation 31.7%

50

0

-50

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 19.1%

Commercial 20.0%

Table VT-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

68 629 176.0

83 174 205.9

113 222 254.6

114 368 238.4

124 746 243.9

134 250 253.3

135 524 240.8

150 312 257.9

165 074 271.1

163 614 266.9

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

39.1 12.4 20.4 28.1

41.2 13.2 20.1 25.4

39.0 13.9 21.3 25.8

36.5 13.9 20.4 29.2

32.5 14.1 26.2 27.2

30.8 13.2 28.5 27.5

31.8 18.6 18.6 31.0

30.5 17.7 18.7 33.1

29.2 19.6 19.8 31.4

29.2 20.0 19.1 31.7

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

3 507 0 46 697 0 9 396 7 943 220 867

2 707 0 58 990 0 7 464 6 932 139 6 942

2 129 2 679 73 883 0 8 244 6 472 170 19 646

744 4 005 68 927 39 220 9 761 6 600 257 -15 146

537 3 951 61 597 32 497 8 449 13 300 637 3 778

1 982 4 958 68 310 31 860 9 635 16 942 1 094 -532

201 6 679 71 750 38 267 14 199 5 187 5 841 -6 601

74 7 263 80 259 40 541 10 030 9 392 13 509 -10 756

26 10 551 87 854 47 432 12 456 9 368 9 753 -12 367

54 8 015 88 891 43 580 8 996 8 697 9 178 -3 796

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

204 200 459

365 200 761

737 900 1 443

922 700 1 741

1 078 400 1 916

1 212 200 2 080

1 634 100 2 684

1 660 300 2 709

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

2.37 2.20 2.17 1.69 2.94

4.33 4.41 4.49 3.59 4.49

9.01 9.31 8.91 6.89 9.72

10.11 10.56 12.18 9.56 9.46

11.24 12.62 13.91 10.83 9.62

11.23 12.87 15.14 10.37 9.43

13.77 16.01 16.84 10.27 12.59

14.08 16.88 17.91 11.79 11.84

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

VERMONT

487

Table VT-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 766 719

100.0

2 845.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

448 203

25.4

721.7

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

687 595 256 958 430 637 16 894 49 018 85 994 10 769 51 182 216 780

38.9 14.5 24.4 1.0 2.8 4.9 0.6 2.9 12.3

1 107.2 413.8 693.5 27.2 78.9 138.5 17.3 82.4 349.1

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

98 758 62 566 18 873

5.6 3.5 1.1

159.0 100.8 30.4

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

532 163 429 817 62 228 14 712 20 762

30.1 24.3 3.5 0.8 1.2

857.0 692.1 100.2 23.7 33.4

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,000

United States Vermont

2,000

Dollars

With per capita revenues of $5,416 in 2003, Vermont ranked 4th in the country. The state’s expenditures per person were the second highest in the country. Revenues per capita were 40 percent above the U.S. average, and spending was more than 60 percent higher than average. Outlays per person were above average for all categories, except for health and hospitals. Tax collections also exceeded the national average, with the largest shares derived from property taxes, selective sales taxes, and individual income taxes. Vermont’s per capita individual income taxes were slightly above average, but its property taxes were the highest in the country.

1,000

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table VT-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

3 352 248 1 152 305 1 558 712 220 827 326 635 102 721 411 343 41 641 455 545 345 241 295 990

100.0 34.4 46.5 6.6 9.7 3.1 12.3 1.2 13.6 10.3 8.8

5 415.6 1 861.6 2 518.1 356.8 527.7 166.0 664.5 67.3 735.9 557.7 478.2

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

3 593 817 938 085 2 655 732

100.0 26.1 73.9

5 805.8 1 515.5 4 290.4

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

1 442 926 913 772 13 024 78 710 300 353 59 903 81 767 92 995 11 860 195 330 141 884 261 293

40.2 25.4 0.4 2.2 8.4 1.7 2.3 2.6 0.3 5.4 3.9 7.3

2 331.1 1 476.2 21.0 127.2 485.2 96.8 132.1 150.2 19.2 315.6 229.2 422.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

2 532 071

X

4 090.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

4 916 965

X

7 943.4

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

488

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VT-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 416

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

90.8 34.2

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

99 978 27.4 2.0 359 11.3 10 454

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

4.0

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

36 630 4 545 55.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Vermont

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Nearly 90 percent of Vermont’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, the sixth highest proportion in the nation. More than 34 percent of residents in this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more, the eighth highest proportion in the country. Vermont’s student/teacher ratio was the lowest in the nation. The state’s expenditures per student of $10,454 were the sixth highest in the country. Vermont had the 19th highest dropout rate of the 46 states reporting such data, with a rate of 4 percent. Less than 28 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was well below the national average of 40.6 percent.

Voter turnout for both the 2000 and 2004 elections was far above the national average. In 2000, 63.3 percent of eligible voters cast ballots; this proportion increased to 65.4 percent in 2004. Nearly 75 percent of eligible voters age 45 to 64 years participated in the 2004 election. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 50.6 percent of voters cast ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000, and 58.9 percent voted similarly in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Republican candidate were 40.7 percent and 38.8 percent, respectively.

Table VT-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

458 221 238

451 216 235

98.5 98.1 98.8

330 152 178

72.0 68.8 74.9

290 131 159

63.3 59.1 67.1

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

482 233 249

469 228 241

97.2 97.5 96.9

354 168 186

73.5 72.1 74.7

316 147 168

65.4 63.2 67.6

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

463 460 2 7 3 471 467 2 8

454 450 1 3 3 461 458 1 4

98.0 98.0 B B B 98.1 98.0 B B

344 342 2 2 350 348 2

74.4 74.4 B B B 74.4 74.4 B B

308 306 1 2 312 310 2

66.5 66.5 B B B 66.3 66.3 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

59 168 167 46 42

58 159 165 45 42

B 94.3 99.0 B B

32 115 136 36 36

B 68.1 81.8 B B

25 101 127 33 30

B 59.8 76.2 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

VIRGINIA At a Glance: •

Virginia’s population was almost 7.5 million in 2004, making it the 12th most populous state in the country. More than 19 percent of the state’s residents were Black, which was the 10th highest proportion of this racial group in the nation. With Asians and Pacific Islanders representing 4.4 percent of the population, Virginia also had the 10th highest proportion of that racial group in the country. The state’s median household income of $51,438 was above average and ranked ninth in the nation. Virginia’s poverty rate of 9.3 percent was among the lowest in the country. Although Virginia’s economy was notably impacted by the 2001 recession, the subsequent growth of its real gross state product (GSP) has been substantial. From 2003 to 2004, the GSP grew 6.3 percent, the third highest rate of growth in the nation. The state’s unemployment rate of 3.7 percent was among the five lowest in the country. An above average proportion of Virginia’s population age 25 years and over held high school diplomas. Among the same age group, the state ranked ninth in the nation for proportion of college graduates.

•

• •

•

Table VA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

6 187 358 2.5

7 078 515 2.5

7 459 827 2.5

X X

1.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

3 033 974 3 153 384

3 471 895 3 606 620

3 671 433 3 788 394

49.2 50.8

1.4 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

443 155 1 061 583 1 165 975 4 682 620 719 731 2 132 444 664 470 59 709

461 982 1 276 280 5 340 253 679 398 2 237 655 1 630 867 792 333 87 266

498 386 1 306 514 5 654 927 748 049 2 188 434 1 871 523 846 921 102 561

6.7 17.5 75.8 10.0 29.3 25.1 11.4 1.4

0.7 1.5 1.4 0.2 0.2 3.5 1.8 4.1

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.5

35.7

36.5

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 2.0

Percent change per year

United States

1.0

Virginia

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1990–2000

2000–2004

0.9

0.5

0.0 1980–1990

Year

Virginia’s population has grown quite quickly during recent years, primarily in the northern area of the state, which is near the District of Columbia. From 2000 to 2004, the state’s population increased by 5.4 percent, a rate well above the national average. Virginia was also home to Loudoun County, the fastest-growing county in the nation (among counties with populations exceeding 10,000 people). This county experienced a population increase of 41 percent from 2000 to 2004. Over the 2000–2004 period, Virginia was the recipient of significant domestic and international immigration, which together accounted for about two-thirds of the state’s population growth. Virginia had the seventh highest number of new residents from other states.

489

490

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

6 187 358

7 078 515

7 459 827

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

76.0 18.6 0.2 2.6 0.9 ...

70.5 19.6 0.3 3.8 ... 1.3

68.7 19.5 0.3 4.4 ... 1.4

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

2.6

4.7

5.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

32

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

24

Percent

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Asian and Pacific Islander 16 Non-Hispanic Black 8 Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Virginia’s rate of health insurance coverage was below the national average, with 14.4 percent of the state’s residents lacking coverage. Its infant mortality rate was above average, as were its age-adjusted death rates for leading causes. Virginia’s birth rate was slightly below the national average. Table VA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

101 254 13.7 36.1

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.2

6.9

867.0 836.4 1 085.6 ... 441.2 490.4

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.4 8.1 4.5

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000 United States Virginia 750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table VA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

56 586

867.0

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

20 349 13 492 2 772 2 436 1 578 1 490 1 215 943 1 161 1 117 788 790 567 490 342 412 311 275 96 113 94 85

317.9 202.3 43.2 35.1 23.9 23.9 19.9 13.2 18.1 17.3 10.9 10.9 8.1 6.6 4.7 5.6 4.8 3.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.2

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

VIRGINIA

491

Table VA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

2 291 830 1 629 490 1 302 219 327 271 72 165 255 106 662 340 523 770 138 570

2 699 173 1 847 796 1 426 044 421 752 101 462 320 290 851 377 676 907 174 470

2 846 417 1 952 639 1 484 627 468 012 109 279 358 733 893 778 728 672 165 106

1.3 1.4 1.0 2.6 1.9 2.9 1.2 1.9 -1.4

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.61 2 496 334 2 291 830 1 519 521 772 309

2.54 2 904 192 2 699 173 1 837 939 861 234

2.54 3 116 827 2 846 417 1 968 555 877 862

X 1.8 1.3 1.7 0.5

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

495 90 400

650 125 400

757 179 191

3.9 9.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

60,000

1,000

40,000

Dollars

United States Virginia

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

20,000 United States

250

Virginia 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table VA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 438 56 255 52 132 53 612 51 733

9.3 10.0 9.9 8.0 8.3

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 793 50 175 50 416 47 002 44 585 47 464 46 901 50 399 48 876 49 152

7.9 8.8 12.7 12.3 10.2 10.7 9.7 9.5 9.9 11.1

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

50 192 50 092 47 699 48 862 47 601 45 893 ... ... ... ...

10.9 10.8 9.9 9.7 10.0 10.0 11.3 12.5 12.6 12.4

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

492

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

5 605 414 466 904 1 164 1 064 763 830

3 766 182 354 753 988 865 500 124

67.2 43.9 76.0 83.3 84.9 81.3 65.5 15.0

3 619 162 327 721 958 838 493 120

3.9 10.9 7.7 4.3 3.0 3.1 1.3 3.3

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 660 215 236 430 542 521 360

1 975 97 190 401 497 452 266

74.3 45.0 80.5 93.1 91.5 86.8 73.8

1 901 86 175 384 483 441 261

3.8 11.3 7.7 4.3 2.7 2.5 1.6

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 945 198 230 474 622 543 403

1 791 85 164 352 491 412 234

60.8 42.7 71.5 74.3 79.0 75.9 58.1

1 718 76 152 337 475 397 232

4.0 10.4 7.6 4.3 3.4 3.8 1.0

1 533 1 566 335

1 207 982 239

78.7 62.7 71.4

1 185 956 226

1.8 2.7 5.3

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 237 2 052 2 185

2 849 1 540 1 309

67.2 75.0 59.9

2 764 1 494 1 271

3.0 3.0 2.9

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 036 460 576

681 314 367

65.7 68.4 63.6

629 291 338

7.7 7.6 7.7

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

270 122 148

192 99 93

71.0 81.0 62.8

184 95 89

4.2 3.7 4.8

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men .......................................................

276 159

223 146

80.8 91.8

213 139

4.7 4.9

286 322 660 864 820 608 677

130 250 554 736 673 405 101

45.5 77.6 83.9 85.2 82.0 66.7 15.0

116 239 531 721 659 401 98

11.0 4.5 4.2 2.0 2.0 1.1 3.2

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May be of any race.

Table VA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 814 793 3 766 801 3 716 127 3 641 231 3 572 790

3 674 434 3 612 229 3 560 462 3 524 335 3 491 294

140 359 154 572 155 665 116 896 81 496

3.7 4.1 4.2 3.2 2.3

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

3 536 409 3 483 900 3 450 181 3 400 416 3 472 328 3 426 621 3 369 606 3 353 338 3 296 942 3 220 117

3 441 589 3 384 653 3 323 266 3 252 499 3 317 434 3 265 139 3 195 680 3 146 997 3 103 294 3 076 925

94 820 99 247 126 915 147 917 154 894 161 482 173 926 206 341 193 648 143 192

2.7 2.8 3.7 4.3 4.5 4.7 5.2 6.2 5.9 4.4

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Virginia

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

VIRGINIA

493

Table VA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

4 439 053 59 796 4 379 257 3 567 488 14 037 11 927 12 283 292 562 352 759 196 934 155 825 124 978 483 600 138 005 131 428 165 340 140 780 387 684 73 603 242 521 67 269 334 822 76 754 273 556 243 580 811 769

4 439 914 61 498 4 378 416 3 555 159 14 480 11 119 12 226 289 451 330 962 182 919 148 043 122 733 485 937 133 134 117 200 169 569 144 288 387 084 70 029 242 907 69 310 345 318 80 439 275 052 253 921 823 257

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

36 245 17 944 36 298 36 164 20 174 44 670 63 819 34 826 37 950 39 408 36 115 51 394 21 262 36 013 76 649 54 956 32 970 62 094 64 663 23 356 25 411 32 203 18 328 13 720 25 152 36 788

36 907 19 205 36 965 36 401 21 041 44 732 66 101 35 632 38 917 39 805 37 823 51 144 21 978 37 284 64 984 56 142 33 740 63 520 69 442 24 086 27 055 33 662 19 235 14 047 25 595 38 974

4 482 439 61 637 4 420 802 3 594 610 13 115 11 213 12 334 300 436 314 403 172 801 141 602 122 846 489 631 133 502 113 794 172 152 154 556 395 949 69 326 243 803 72 422 354 318 79 648 282 375 258 787 826 192

4 593 698 60 126 4 533 572 3 695 847 12 854 11 518 12 201 316 304 308 369 172 935 135 434 125 341 502 925 134 659 111 926 172 510 162 636 417 870 71 411 255 651 75 053 364 060 81 855 293 815 264 889 837 725

1.1 0.2 1.2 1.2 -2.9 -1.2 -0.2 2.6 -4.4 -4.2 -4.6 0.1 1.3 -0.8 -5.2 1.4 4.9 2.5 -1.0 1.8 3.7 2.8 2.2 2.4 2.8 1.1

40 332 22 197 40 389 39 722 23 020 49 666 75 159 38 359 41 938 42 990 40 600 56 229 23 382 38 728 71 779 65 117 37 789 69 534 79 851 27 393 29 830 35 938 20 682 15 048 27 578 42 789

3.6 7.3 3.6 3.2 4.5 3.6 5.6 3.3 3.4 2.9 4.0 3.0 3.2 2.5 -2.2 5.8 4.7 3.8 7.3 5.5 5.5 3.7 4.1 3.1 3.1 5.2

Dollars 38 328 18 051 38 402 37 773 21 827 45 861 72 740 36 271 40 466 41 553 39 146 52 904 22 631 37 218 67 377 61 204 35 062 66 275 72 373 25 455 27 983 34 555 20 528 14 482 26 475 40 639

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Since the early 1990s, Virginia’s unemployment rate has been below the national average and similar to that of Maryland. Neighboring West Virginia and the District of Columbia experienced much higher unemployment rates. Employment grew steadily throughout the 2001–2004 period, as declines in manufacturing and information were more than offset by substantial gains in retail trade, real estate and related activities, health care, construction, and accommodation and food services. Average wages and salaries were above the national average, ranking 10th in the country. Over the 2001–2004 period, average wages and salaries increased by 11.3 percent, which was an above average rate of growth.

Employment by Industry, 2004

18.2%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

40.2%

Professional and technical services 10.9% Health care and social assistance Construction 9.1% Manufacturing 6.7%

6.9%

7.9%

Other

494

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

41 421 31 788 6 688 2 944 -81 3 025 3 388 3 164 41 198 8 052 5 208 54 457 54 400 57

96 819 73 462 16 903 6 455 490 5 965 10 329 5 419 91 909 23 997 11 223 127 129 126 469 661

172 507 131 678 28 161 12 669 340 12 329 18 568 6 275 160 214 39 100 21 531 220 845 220 334 512

183 052 137 501 29 889 15 662 229 15 433 19 642 6 037 169 448 40 332 23 991 233 770 233 331 440

187 922 139 200 32 945 15 777 -9 15 786 20 297 7 327 174 952 39 648 25 558 240 158 239 917 240

196 456 144 952 35 407 16 097 66 16 031 21 290 7 443 182 609 41 059 26 696 250 365 250 036 329

213 279 155 881 39 610 17 788 126 17 662 23 035 7 846 198 090 43 425 28 346 269 862 269 451 411

5.4 4.3 8.9 8.9 -22.0 9.4 5.5 5.7 5.4 2.7 7.1 5.1 5.2 -5.4

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 144

20 449

31 087

32 534

33 018

33 993

36 175

3.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Virginia

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

After a slowdown in growth following the 2001 recession, Virginia’s economy rebounded strongly. Over the 2003–2004 period, the state’s real gross state product grew 6.3 percent, the third fastest growth rate in the nation. Contributing to this increase were gains in construction, durable goods manufacturing, retail trade, professional and technical services, and real estate and related activities. Housing prices have appreciated quite rapidly in the northern part of the state, which was one of the fastest-growing and most expensive regions in the country. The median value of owner-occupied housing in Virginia was the 17th highest in the nation.

Table VA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

226 029 2.6

237 274 2.6

247 815 2.6

260 257 2.7

270 072 2.7

274 458 2.7

283 922 2.8

301 738 2.8

3.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

183 130 965 823 4 253 11 129 27 676 12.2 10 160 13 979 6 331 11 100 11 985 27 586 57 651 25.5 18 798 6 580 6 447 1 542 11 310 1 292 5 489 6 193 43 000 19.0

194 169 1 031 905 4 181 10 992 29 221 12.3 11 271 14 762 6 707 14 350 12 769 28 348 59 748 25.2 20 400 6 420 6 645 1 514 11 403 1 310 5 674 6 382 43 148 18.2

204 232 1 068 967 4 124 11 262 30 644 12.4 12 265 15 692 6 931 15 233 13 498 30 015 62 608 25.3 22 189 6 480 6 778 1 611 11 818 1 308 5 927 6 497 43 593 17.6

215 600 1 348 980 4 533 11 535 33 601 12.9 12 094 16 170 7 119 16 912 14 541 30 868 65 899 25.3 24 470 6 662 6 710 1 644 12 293 1 304 6 175 6 641 44 657 17.2

224 985 1 197 992 4 240 11 909 35 024 13.0 12 864 17 548 7 357 17 568 15 797 33 156 67 372 24.9 25 871 5 967 6 680 1 663 13 059 1 398 6 125 6 609 45 093 16.7

228 536 1 026 990 4 332 11 790 35 459 12.9 12 896 18 641 7 330 15 441 17 260 33 171 70 178 25.6 27 516 6 103 6 934 1 639 13 760 1 496 6 175 6 555 45 925 16.7

238 109 1 185 1 046 4 575 11 958 36 375 12.8 12 825 19 797 7 741 16 566 18 888 33 990 73 235 25.8 29 333 6 293 7 331 1 578 14 138 1 500 6 416 6 646 45 912 16.2

252 592 1 154 1 038 4 752 12 763 36 744 12.2 13 481 21 267 8 017 18 611 20 088 35 918 78 935 26.2 32 322 6 743 7 998 1 607 14 644 1 512 6 882 7 227 49 196 16.3

3.9 -1.2 1.5 3.9 2.3 1.6 X 1.6 6.6 2.9 1.9 8.3 2.7 5.4 X 7.7 4.2 6.2 -1.1 3.9 2.6 4.0 3.0 2.9 X

X = Not applicable.

VIRGINIA

495

Table VA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 837

10 405

19 916

22 200

23 950

25 222

26 858

7.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 545 2 282 139 25 99

5 321 4 930 222 61 108

9 504 9 064 264 89 88

10 159 9 712 270 92 85

10 767 10 293 280 104 90

11 247 10 768 287 104 88

11 839 11 356 292 106 85

5.6 5.8 2.6 4.7 -0.9

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 061 626 380 55

3 302 1 984 1 116 202

7 259 4 259 2 809 191

8 673 4 752 3 648 273

8 937 5 120 3 449 369

9 506 5 445 3 744 317

10 499 6 028 4 097 375

9.7 9.1 9.9 18.4

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

548 126 160 166 95

902 273 179 261 189

1 899 556 244 261 838

1 829 576 147 270 835

2 059 594 161 312 992

2 337 606 176 424 1 130

2 513 634 163 450 1 266

7.3 3.3 -9.6 14.6 10.9

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

188

189

195

376

922

793

448

23.2

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

410

533

811

859

943

1 017

1 086

7.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

85

153

232

276

305

279

298

6.5

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

5

16

27

17

44

174

81.9

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Virginia’s exports amounted to $11.6 billion in 2004, ranking 22nd in the nation. The state’s sales abroad slipped noticeably as a result of the 2001 recession, and only increased back to their 2001 levels in 2004. The chief exports were transportation equipment and chemical manufactures, which together accounted for about onethird of total exports. Despite the strong technology presence in Virginia, computers and electronic products accounted for just 11.6 percent of exports in 2004. Canada, Germany, and Japan were Virginia’s leading export markets. China, the state’s fifth leading export market, was the fastest-growing overseas destination, as exports to this country more than doubled from 2001 to 2004.

Computers and electronic products 11.6%

Chemicals 15.5%

Machinery 9.8% Beverage and tobacco products 6.5%

Transportation equipment 15.8%

Other 40.7%

Table VA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

11 631 9 876 1 259 496

10 796 9 252 1 027 516

10 853 9 206 1 139 508

11 631 9 980 1 292 359

100.0 85.8 11.1 3.1

0.0 0.3 0.9 -10.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Beverage and tobacco products (312) ...................................

1 064 1 191 2 088 1 105 1 507

1 126 1 348 1 569 1 389 979

1 464 1 444 1 378 1 131 951

1 843 1 804 1 354 1 134 756

15.8 15.5 11.6 9.8 6.5

20.1 14.9 -13.4 0.9 -20.6

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Germany ................................................................................ Japan ..................................................................................... United Kingdom ..................................................................... China .....................................................................................

9 567 1 781 1 080 1 318 733 263

9 212 1 839 1 158 1 322 654 369

9 179 2 106 990 908 724 521

9 979 2 515 1 125 940 663 608

85.8 21.6 9.7 8.1 5.7 5.2

1.4 12.2 1.4 -10.7 -3.3 32.3

496

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table VA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

49 366 8 753 625

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

177

181

36.0 56.5 7.6

35.9 56.6 7.5

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

356 425 1 975 39 063

490 064 2 675 43 303

2 394 779 794 010 1 600 769 48 511

2 360 911 718 219 1 642 692 49 593

65.9 25.6 8.4

67.3 24.5 8.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

24 428 21.0

54 677 19.3

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

41.5

53.6

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

47 606 8 624 829

Cash receipts from farming amounted to almost $2.4 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was slightly less than the value reported on the previous agriculture census in 1997. Chickens, cattle, and dairy products were Virginia’s chief agricultural outputs. More than 67 percent of Virginia’s farms had sales of less than $10,000, and almost 54 percent of all farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. Nearly 36 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person totaled $2,265 in 2001, which was among the lowest amounts in the country. Virginia’s average energy prices matched the national average, and the state’s per capita consumption was below average. The chief energy sources were petroleum, coal, and nuclear power. In 2001, the transportation sector was the largest consumer of energy in Virginia, as the industrial sector’s energy use had declined from previous years.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,000

Transportation 29.6%

Residential 23.7%

750 500 250 0 -250 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 23.6%

Commercial 23.1%

Table VA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

851 515 214.6

1 050 815 238.2

1 285 608 276.4

1 364 243 270.3

1 567 620 293.2

1 682 705 294.4

1 964 654 317.5

2 144 963 324.9

2 386 322 337.1

2 314 640 321.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

22.6 9.4 33.8 34.1

21.1 10.4 36.9 31.6

23.1 13.8 28.4 34.7

23.8 15.9 26.0 34.3

22.8 16.3 30.1 30.7

23.1 18.2 28.9 29.8

22.2 20.1 28.1 29.6

23.8 21.4 26.9 27.8

23.9 22.4 25.0 28.6

23.7 23.1 23.6 29.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

316 395 68 431 442 465 0 13 634 56 072 0 -45 482

386 296 98 615 518 239 0 9 234 54 205 0 -15 775

275 311 140 072 752 165 0 7 254 55 458 0 55 349

169 188 123 625 828 797 98 782 13 637 53 223 0 76 990

231 849 161 015 779 398 125 071 9 264 70 041 0 190 982

297 127 144 897 697 929 236 905 8 833 87 683 0 209 332

355 063 192 084 763 032 252 065 4 950 93 496 255 303 710

385 108 284 331 769 439 264 092 2 337 116 197 378 323 081

506 969 278 197 896 240 295 361 -6 417 108 974 529 306 469

482 443 246 653 911 168 269 131 -12 472 93 192 600 323 923

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 756 900 378

3 886 200 770

8 645 000 1 617

9 872 600 1 727

11 374 300 1 838

12 422 600 1 882

16 505 900 2 332

16 290 200 2 265

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.80 2.39 2.58 0.84 1.95

3.94 5.08 5.48 2.47 3.91

7.94 10.10 10.01 4.73 8.73

8.65 12.02 11.90 5.26 8.55

8.57 13.85 11.91 4.37 8.47

8.70 14.59 11.66 4.33 8.23

10.47 15.70 12.16 5.29 10.86

10.72 16.90 13.01 5.63 10.32

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

497

VIRGINIA

Table VA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

14 233 065

100.0

1 907.9

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

20 778

0.1

2.8

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

5 212 063 2 977 401 2 234 662 146 019 351 278 909 468 128 815 682 833

36.6 20.9 15.7 1.0 2.5 6.4 0.9 4.8

698.7 399.1 299.6 19.6 47.1 121.9 17.3 91.5

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

613 910 340 085 147 815

4.3 2.4 1.0

82.3 45.6 19.8

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

8 386 314 7 422 071 422 119 149 647 340 591

58.9 52.1 3.0 1.1 2.4

1 124.2 994.9 56.6 20.1 45.7

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal, 2004 2,500

United States Virginia

2,000

Dollars

State revenues and expenditures per person were well below the national average in 2003; Virginia ranked among the 15 lowest in the country for both amounts. The state spent more per person on hospitals, highways, police protection, and correctional facilities, but less on education, public welfare, and health. In fiscal year 2004, per capita taxes amounted to $1,907, a below average amount that ranked 31st in the nation. The main source of revenue was individual income taxes, followed by general sales taxes and motor fuels taxes. Virginia’s individual income taxes were the 7th highest among the 46 states with such taxes.

1,500 1,000 500 0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table VA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

25 528 061 5 679 471 12 969 177 2 692 151 2 070 831 588 665 6 775 746 328 444 513 340 4 076 034 2 803 379

100.0 22.2 50.8 10.5 8.1 2.3 26.5 1.3 2.0 16.0 11.0

3 466.1 771.1 1 760.9 365.5 281.2 79.9 920.0 44.6 69.7 553.4 380.6

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

26 289 267 8 352 635 17 936 632

100.0 31.8 68.2

3 569.5 1 134.1 2 435.4

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

9 776 565 5 234 986 1 886 966 682 070 2 588 474 552 064 1 194 241 175 851 76 086 1 060 990 647 384 2 413 590

37.2 19.9 7.2 2.6 9.8 2.1 4.5 0.7 0.3 4.0 2.5 9.2

1 327.4 710.8 256.2 92.6 351.5 75.0 162.2 23.9 10.3 144.1 87.9 327.7

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

13 530 190

X

1 837.1

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

50 836 361

X

6 902.4

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

498

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table VA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 4 865

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.4 33.1

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 177 229 31.3 5.1 1 846 13.2 7 822

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

2.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

414 639 34 657 58.5

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Virginia

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Virginia ranked 15th in the country for high school attainment, with more than 88 percent of its residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas. The proportion of this age group holding bachelor’s degrees or more was 33.1 percent, giving Virginia the 9th highest proportion of college graduates in the nation. Expenditures per student of $7,822 were below the national average, ranking 24th in the country. Virginia’s student/teacher ratio was among the 6 lowest in the nation. The state’s dropout rate of 2.9 percent ranked as the 9th lowest out of the 46 states reporting such data. Just over 31 percent of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch, which was below the national average.

Voter turnout was just above the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest participation rates in 2004, with less than 25 percent of eligible voters in each group casting ballots. About 50 percent of eligible Blacks and 66 percent of eligible non-Hispanic Whites voted in 2004. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 52.5 percent of eligible voters in Virginia cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000, and 53.7 percent voted similarly in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democratic presidential candidate were 44.4 percent and 45.5 percent, respectively.

Table VA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

5 177 2 431 2 745

4 912 2 305 2 608

94.9 94.8 95.0

3 317 1 512 1 805

64.1 62.2 65.8

2 962 1 344 1 619

57.2 55.3 59.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

5 364 2 538 2 826

4 971 2 325 2 646

92.7 91.6 93.7

3 441 1 584 1 856

64.1 62.4 65.7

3 134 1 444 1 690

58.4 56.9 59.8

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

4 101 3 814 961 251 301 4 129 3 836 972 255

3 863 3 741 915 149 135 3 890 3 764 926 153

94.2 98.1 95.2 59.5 45.0 94.2 98.1 95.2 60.0

2 798 2 731 551 58 78 2 819 2 749 560 61

68.2 71.6 57.4 23.0 26.0 68.3 71.7 57.6 24.1

2 586 2 525 477 43 70 2 604 2 543 481 45

63.0 66.2 49.6 17.3 23.1 63.1 66.3 49.5 17.6

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

578 2 088 1 823 546 329

536 1 835 1 735 544 320

92.7 87.9 95.2 99.6 97.4

260 1 213 1 305 404 259

45.0 58.1 71.6 73.9 78.7

215 1 091 1 243 368 217

37.2 52.2 68.2 67.4 66.1

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

WASHINGTON At a Glance: •

Washington’s population was over 6.2 million in 2004, making it the 15th most populous state in the nation. Over 77 percent of Washington’s residents were non-Hispanic White; 6.6 percent were Asian and Pacific Islander (the fourth highest proportion of this racial group in the nation) and 1.5 percent were American Indian (the ninth highest proportion of this racial group in the country). In 2004, 13 percent of the population lacked health insurance coverage, which was well below the national average. Washington’s median household income of $49,820 was well above the national average, ranking 12th in the country. The state’s poverty rate of 11.5 percent was below the national average. Economic activity was adversely impacted by the 2001 recession, and its subsequent recovery was about average. Real gross state product was the 14th largest in the country. The state’s unemployment rate was 6.2 percent, the 6th highest rate in the nation. Washington had high educational attainment levels, ranking among the top 15 for its proportions of high school and college graduates among residents age 25 years and over.

•

• • •

•

Table WA-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 866 692 2.0

5 894 121 2.1

6 203 788 2.1

X X

1.3 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 413 747 2 452 945

2 934 300 2 959 821

3 094 471 3 109 317

49.9 50.1

1.3 1.2

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

366 780 894 607 882 527 3 605 305 488 539 1 658 951 575 288 56 301

394 306 1 119 537 4 380 278 559 361 1 816 217 1 342 552 662 148 84 085

387 403 1 098 617 4 717 768 634 717 1 815 067 1 564 839 703 145 103 259

6.2 17.7 76.0 10.2 29.3 25.2 11.3 1.7

0.3 1.5 2.0 1.8 0.7 4.2 1.5 4.5

Median age (years) ................................................................

33.0

35.3

36.3

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

2.5 1.9

2.0

United States Washington

1.6 1.5 1.2 1.0

0.9

1.3 1.1

0.5 0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Like neighboring Oregon, Washington has experienced substantial population growth in recent years. Between 2000 and 2004, its number of residents increased by 5.3 percent, the 13th highest growth rate in the nation. Over half of this growth was attributable to an influx of international and domestic immigrants. Washington gained over 112,000 new residents from other countries and nearly 53,000 from other states during this period. Although Washington’s population is projected to exceed that of Indiana (the 14th largest state) by 2010, Arizona’s population, due to its rapid rate of growth, is projected to overtake Washington’s by that time.

499

500

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WA-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 866 692

5 894 121

6 203 788

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

86.7 3.0 1.7 4.3 2.4 ...

79.4 3.2 1.5 5.9 ... 2.5

77.5 3.3 1.5 6.6 ... 2.7

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

4.4

7.5

8.5

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

24

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

16

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

8

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH

500

250

0 All causes

Cause

(Number, rate, percent.) U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

80 489 13.1 31.5

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

5.5

6.9

792.3 799.9 982.5 943.4 534.1 535.4

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

13.0 7.0 3.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

Washington 750

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

(Number, rate per 100,000 population.)

Table WA-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 State

United States

Table WA-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002

Washington’s infant mortality rate was among the 10 lowest in the nation, as was its age-adjusted death rate for all causes. Washington’s overall birth rate and its birth rate for teenage mothers were well below the national averages. The state’s rate of health insurance coverage was above average.

Item

1,000

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

44 640

792.3

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

16 155 10 776 2 666 2 108 1 409 961 2 015 714 293 346 750 534 530 613 564 203 471 120 173 57 108 59

288.1 192.6 48.4 35.6 25.2 17.0 35.8 11.9 5.2 6.2 12.5 8.9 9.1 10.0 9.5 3.3 8.3 1.9 2.9 1.0 1.8 1.0

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

501

WASHINGTON

Table WA-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 872 431 1 264 934 1 029 267 235 667 60 145 175 522 607 497 476 320 131 177

2 271 398 1 499 127 1 181 995 317 132 92 514 224 618 772 271 594 325 177 946

2 416 301 1 566 251 1 208 680 357 571 110 178 247 393 850 050 667 739 182 311

1.6 1.1 0.6 3.0 4.5 2.4 2.4 3.0 0.6

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.53 2 032 378 1 872 431 1 171 580 700 851

2.53 2 451 075 2 271 398 1 467 009 804 389

2.51 2 606 623 2 416 301 1 548 022 868 279

X 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.9

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

445 93 200

663 168 300

727 204 719

2.3 5.0

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 300,000

60,000

1,000

750

150,000

500

75,000

40,000

Dollars

225,000

Dollars

Dollars

United States Washington

20,000 United States

250

Washington 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table WA-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

49 820 48 785 47 460 45 341 46 645

11.5 12.6 11.0 10.7 10.8

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 544 54 882 52 300 43 963 43 780 42 277 45 899 44 728 45 945 45 003

9.6 8.9 9.2 11.9 12.5 11.7 12.1 11.2 9.5 8.9

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

47 019 49 599 43 442 44 202 40 185 43 284 ... ... ... ...

9.6 8.7 10.0 12.9 12.0 11.3 10.8 12.9 11.3 12.7

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

502

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WA-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 777 340 416 843 946 965 614 653

3 240 148 326 696 788 822 388 71

67.8 43.6 78.3 82.6 83.3 85.2 63.1 10.9

3 037 116 298 654 739 788 375 67

6.2 21.9 8.5 6.1 6.3 4.1 3.3 5.8

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 338 184 193 435 462 485 303

1 746 80 164 400 425 436 205

74.7 43.3 84.9 92.1 92.1 89.9 67.6

1 637 63 149 374 401 418 198

6.2 21.5 8.9 6.5 5.7 4.1 3.4

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

2 440 156 223 408 484 480 312

1 494 69 162 296 363 386 183

61.2 44.0 72.7 72.5 75.0 80.4 58.8

1 400 53 149 280 338 370 177

6.3 22.4 8.1 5.5 6.9 4.1 3.2

1 330 1 313 253

1 034 821 183

77.7 62.5 72.3

995 785 169

3.7 4.3 7.7

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

4 074 2 004 2 071

2 757 1 499 1 258

67.7 74.8 60.7

2 589 1 409 1 180

6.1 6.0 6.2

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

139 67 72

98 48 50

70.6 71.3 70.0

90 42 48

8.7 11.8 5.8

Asian ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

307 134 172

206 99 107

67.1 73.6 61.9

195 95 101

5.0 4.5 5.5

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

299 161 138

216 137 79

72.3 84.9 57.4

201 128 73

6.9 6.4 7.7

281 345 667 804 846 540 592

123 276 555 673 727 338 65

43.6 80.0 83.3 83.8 86.0 62.5 11.0

96 253 521 632 699 327 61

21.7 8.4 6.1 6.1 3.9 3.1 6.4

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table WA-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 233 648 3 160 332 3 109 445 3 050 497 3 051 143

3 032 299 2 926 836 2 881 443 2 861 417 2 899 189

201 349 233 496 228 002 189 080 151 954

6.2 7.4 7.3 6.2 5.0

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

3 066 165 3 032 019 2 966 651 2 882 432 2 812 611 2 744 838 2 691 873 2 634 582 2 543 895 2 537 038

2 917 577 2 886 871 2 822 223 2 711 963 2 636 011 2 566 663 2 500 782 2 445 866 2 383 588 2 406 444

148 588 145 148 144 428 170 469 176 600 178 175 191 091 188 716 160 307 130 594

4.8 4.8 4.9 5.9 6.3 6.5 7.1 7.2 6.3 5.1

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Washington

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

WASHINGTON

503

Table WA-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 557 145 79 721 3 477 424 2 905 685 50 941 5 766 5 155 216 143 332 319 235 499 96 820 132 365 392 062 105 386 108 349 140 186 131 046 233 234 30 835 161 095 53 563 319 763 75 744 222 567 189 166 571 739

3 526 609 79 486 3 447 123 2 862 372 52 534 5 031 4 780 208 838 301 372 209 769 91 603 127 633 387 409 102 011 101 589 140 436 132 361 230 366 31 940 161 852 54 558 327 872 79 333 220 092 192 365 584 751

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

37 590 22 652 37 819 38 369 26 576 47 034 58 606 39 285 47 802 51 252 39 325 47 774 25 176 39 360 110 617 52 184 29 323 55 130 65 408 29 173 21 368 32 637 23 819 14 574 22 404 35 582

38 382 20 892 38 653 38 971 27 751 48 222 58 224 40 319 51 029 53 682 44 883 48 790 26 127 40 620 102 039 54 550 30 005 56 284 67 775 31 041 22 292 33 867 23 090 15 090 22 919 37 413

3 550 008 82 208 3 467 800 2 877 505 50 157 5 451 4 724 212 456 282 228 193 822 88 406 127 807 391 083 100 912 100 637 143 948 139 859 231 144 33 341 167 531 56 929 334 274 80 351 224 152 190 521 590 295

3 620 382 81 581 3 538 801 2 944 659 50 289 5 898 4 727 221 682 279 527 192 289 87 238 132 035 397 329 103 348 101 702 144 739 145 920 234 843 34 076 180 458 59 358 342 351 83 985 229 430 192 962 594 142

0.6 0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.4 0.8 -2.8 0.8 -5.6 -6.5 -3.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -2.1 1.1 3.6 0.2 3.4 3.9 3.5 2.3 3.5 1.0 0.7 1.3

40 320 22 703 40 611 40 731 29 379 51 687 62 975 41 426 52 417 56 694 42 911 53 819 27 600 43 426 92 770 62 999 32 098 60 154 76 250 33 798 23 851 36 541 25 740 16 030 24 464 40 142

2.4 0.1 2.4 2.0 3.4 3.2 2.4 1.8 3.1 3.4 3.0 4.1 3.1 3.3 -5.7 6.5 3.1 3.0 5.2 5.0 3.7 3.8 2.6 3.2 3.0 4.1

Dollars 39 164 19 629 39 493 39 647 28 842 49 700 58 862 40 294 50 639 54 645 41 784 50 031 26 654 41 653 102 152 59 015 30 784 58 354 69 933 32 609 22 768 35 035 23 903 15 487 23 543 38 899

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET Washington’s unemployment rate, which had been above average for many years, rose sharply following the 2001 recession. During the 2001–2003 period, employment growth was relatively flat, due to declines in manufacturing and sluggish rates of growth in construction and retail trade. In 2004, job growth rebounded in most industries, with the notable exception of manufacturing. Washington’s largest employers were government, health care, and manufacturing. In 2004, average wages and salaries were above average, ranking 11th in the country; however, their growth rate of 7.3 percent from 2001 to 2004 was among the 5 lowest rates in the nation.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.4%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

42.6%

11.0%

Health care and social assistance Manufacturing

9.5%

Professional and technical services Accommodation and food services

6.3%

7.7% 6.5%

Other

504

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WA-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

36 386 27 019 5 638 3 729 551 3 178 3 862 389 32 913 7 185 4 907 45 004 44 164 840

75 218 54 125 12 436 8 656 612 8 045 9 615 926 66 528 19 251 11 620 97 399 96 255 1 145

147 026 110 001 22 875 14 149 444 13 705 18 189 2 182 131 019 34 521 22 314 187 853 186 359 1 494

150 023 110 616 23 245 16 163 214 15 948 17 821 2 312 134 515 33 906 25 078 193 498 192 222 1 276

152 987 111 411 25 493 16 083 370 15 712 18 235 2 348 137 100 33 594 26 629 197 324 195 977 1 347

157 752 114 090 27 227 16 435 655 15 779 18 997 2 336 141 090 32 335 27 917 201 342 199 682 1 661

167 417 119 265 29 772 18 379 847 17 532 20 213 2 509 149 713 39 035 28 493 217 240 215 240 2 000

3.3 2.0 6.8 6.8 17.5 6.4 2.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 6.3 3.7 3.7 7.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 832

19 865

31 779

32 289

32 523

32 838

35 017

2.5

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Washington

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table WA-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004

In 2004, Washington’s real gross state product (GSP) was the 14th largest in the country. The GSP declined as a result of the 2001 recession, and its subsequent recovery was at a slightly below average rate. During the 2003–2004 period, retail trade and durable goods manufacturing, particularly aircraft manufacturing, had stronger rates of growth. Several service-providing industries also expanded. Washington’s largest industries were government, retail trade, and health care. Overall housing prices increased moderately; however, the areas around Seattle that experienced higher rates of population growth saw sharper housing price appreciation. In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in Washington was the 12th highest in the county.

(Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

188 481 2.2

203 413 2.3

219 394 2.3

221 314 2.3

220 096 2.2

223 456 2.2

229 680 2.2

239 833 2.2

2.9 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

159 940 3 621 254 2 187 9 486 19 792 10.5 11 825 13 357 5 989 13 987 10 161 27 569 42 048 22.3 9 823 3 179 5 735 1 012 10 997 1 483 4 906 4 913 28 642 15.2

174 149 3 702 287 2 139 10 292 21 896 10.8 13 315 14 189 6 021 18 426 10 358 29 013 44 653 22.0 11 290 2 905 5 701 1 027 12 098 1 458 5 215 4 959 29 314 14.4

190 088 3 988 335 2 222 10 771 22 123 10.1 13 810 15 412 6 125 26 998 10 445 30 871 47 014 21.4 12 542 3 235 5 932 1 062 12 536 1 542 5 174 4 991 29 309 13.4

192 049 4 637 334 2 316 10 611 23 270 10.5 13 717 16 207 6 404 22 050 11 526 31 583 49 391 22.3 14 483 2 972 5 988 1 113 12 723 1 720 5 503 4 889 29 265 13.2

190 418 4 011 281 2 132 10 075 21 975 10.0 14 378 16 618 6 177 20 570 11 941 32 392 49 904 22.7 14 287 3 157 5 788 1 085 13 337 1 753 5 444 5 053 29 674 13.5

192 921 4 618 284 2 095 9 702 22 050 9.9 14 291 17 416 6 370 20 193 12 492 32 413 51 088 22.9 14 537 3 318 6 145 1 051 13 890 1 749 5 422 4 976 30 520 13.7

198 490 4 579 286 2 143 9 671 21 035 9.2 14 137 18 467 6 618 21 376 13 842 33 231 53 254 23.2 15 402 3 634 6 612 999 14 308 1 783 5 569 4 947 31 185 13.6

207 735 4 579 289 2 306 10 015 21 774 9.1 15 257 19 630 6 968 22 055 14 688 34 529 55 843 23.3 15 891 3 825 7 193 1 005 14 830 1 948 5 849 5 302 32 106 13.4

2.9 4.5 0.9 2.6 -0.2 -0.3 X 2.0 5.7 4.1 2.4 7.1 2.2 3.8 X 3.6 6.6 7.5 -2.5 3.6 3.6 2.4 1.6 2.7 X

X = Not applicable.

WASHINGTON

505

Table WA-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

4 606

10 995

20 817

23 397

25 152

26 512

27 061

6.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 383 2 085 81 214 4

5 826 4 635 134 1 051 5

9 380 7 901 167 1 304 8

9 985 8 431 171 1 374 10

10 522 8 914 177 1 416 16

11 028 9 313 181 1 507 28

11 621 9 831 184 1 577 30

5.5 5.6 2.4 4.9 40.1

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

955 517 425 12

3 118 1 681 1 373 64

7 658 3 465 4 116 78

9 032 3 853 5 066 114

9 037 4 147 4 735 155

9 788 4 411 5 245 133

10 527 4 882 5 492 153

8.3 9.0 7.5 18.3

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

524 85 257 95 86

1 011 210 446 196 160

1 822 485 361 244 731

1 879 522 434 272 651

1 970 540 412 330 689

2 149 546 394 409 800

2 331 571 415 477 868

6.4 4.1 3.6 18.2 4.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

370

455

953

1 405

2 427

2 290

1 243

6.9

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

295

400

746

805

895

965

1 032

8.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

72

134

219

241

267

255

271

5.5

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

8

50

39

49

34

36

36

-1.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004 Transportation equipment 52.3%

In 2004, Washington was the fifth largest exporter in the country, with exports valued at $33.8 billion. Total exports declined over the 2001–2004 period; however, this was largely due to the volatility of the aircraft manufacturing industry, which made up a substantial share of the state’s manufacturing exports. Outside of manufacturing, Washington’s exports of agricultural products (soybeans, corn, wheat, and apples) and computers and electronic products increased substantially. (Software and computer services were not counted as “goods” and thus were not included in export figures.) Japan and Canada were Washington’s largest export markets.

Crops 12.4% Computers and electronic products 8.1% Other 19.4% Machinery 3.17%

Processed foods 4.7%

Table WA-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

34 929 31 046 3 540 342

34 627 31 127 3 116 384

34 173 29 374 4 357 441

33 793 27 908 5 374 510

100.0 82.6 15.9 1.5

-1.1 -3.5 14.9 14.2

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Crop production (111) ............................................................ Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Processed foods (311) ........................................................... Machinery manufactures (333) ..............................................

22 740 2 312 2 229 1 276 980

23 377 2 094 1 958 1 278 800

20 438 3 333 2 354 1 602 839

17 686 4 181 2 746 1 585 1 031

52.3 12.4 8.1 4.7 3.1

-8.0 21.8 7.2 7.5 1.7

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Canada .................................................................................. China ..................................................................................... Taiwan ................................................................................... South Korea ...........................................................................

28 066 3 384 2 737 2 929 1 594 2 131

28 884 4 349 2 944 3 831 1 047 2 056

29 826 5 429 3 314 3 211 1 958 1 673

30 945 6 312 4 041 3 094 2 138 2 061

91.6 18.7 12.0 9.2 6.3 6.1

3.3 23.1 13.9 1.9 10.3 -1.1

506

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table WA-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 40 113 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 15 778 606

2002

35 939 15 318 008

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

393

426

59.8 27.9 12.3

57.5 29.7 12.8

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

520 306 1 292 57 987

623 333 1 486 80 212

4 947 886 3 403 524 1 544 362 123 349

5 330 740 3 582 818 1 747 922 148 327

61.3 21.0 17.7

59.4 22.2 18.4

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

101 318 23.2

133 763 20.4

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

46.5

58.5

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

According to the Department of Agriculture’s 2002 Census of Agriculture, cash receipts from farming in Washington totaled $5.3 billion, which was the 11th highest amount in the country. Washington’s leading products were dairy products, apples, and cattle. The state produced about half of the nation’s apple crop. Over 80 percent of farms had sales of less than $100,000, and 58.5 percent of farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. In 2002, 57.5 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was the 10th highest proportion of farms of this size in the nation. ENERGY Washington’s energy expenditures per person amounted to $2,154 in 2001, ranking among the lowest in the country and similarly to those of Oregon. This was partly due to the relatively low price of energy in Washington, as per capita consumption was average. The state’s chief energy sources were petroleum, hydroelectric power, and natural gas.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,000 Transportation 29.5%

Residential 23.2%

750

500

250

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 28.8%

Commercial 18.5%

Table WA-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

807 393 283.0

996 751 335.9

1 294 295 379.2

1 459 339 403.0

1 642 278 397.4

1 725 996 392.3

2 063 514 424.0

2 128 956 392.0

2 222 171 377.0

2 033 894 339.4

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

21.8 8.0 47.9 22.3

20.2 8.0 51.0 20.7

20.8 9.0 47.7 22.5

20.6 11.5 43.8 24.1

21.4 12.7 40.5 25.3

22.3 16.6 37.0 24.0

19.6 14.5 38.2 27.6

20.1 15.2 34.9 29.8

21.5 17.0 33.3 28.2

23.2 18.5 28.8 29.5

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

15 231 67 207 356 908 0 369 596 58 533 -172 -59 910

12 134 116 216 406 010 0 515 280 66 250 -1 641 -117 499

5 860 158 242 506 663 28 693 729 600 66 521 2 105 -203 388

76 241 171 236 548 859 36 432 871 063 64 299 5 902 -314 693

90 956 135 466 594 726 22 269 863 361 91 656 2 932 -159 089

93 669 139 983 607 476 85 377 804 970 110 216 3 083 -118 777

85 575 167 617 763 158 60 762 909 829 98 872 1 279 -23 577

69 790 264 474 825 704 72 938 850 742 92 618 -2 053 -45 257

106 237 297 569 844 558 89 744 818 762 88 792 -3 215 -20 275

99 506 323 067 842 521 86 200 556 863 80 022 -16 626 62 341

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 250 100 366

2 427 300 670

5 477 400 1 326

7 326 300 1 665

8 572 400 1 761

9 682 600 1 783

12 945 800 2 196

12 906 000 2 154

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.58 2.09 1.90 0.70 2.23

2.79 3.20 2.94 1.51 3.73

5.89 5.69 5.33 3.29 7.86

7.36 9.42 7.85 4.80 8.24

7.00 9.99 8.57 4.30 7.52

7.31 10.81 10.08 4.51 7.38

9.46 11.68 10.78 5.51 10.76

9.89 13.24 12.52 5.82 10.18

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

507

WASHINGTON

Table WA-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita

Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

13 895 346

100.0

2 239.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

1 526 617

11.0

246.1

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Alcoholic beverages ................................................................ Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

10 864 600 8 423 160 2 441 440 192 618 345 614 925 723 353 136 352 527 269 992

78.2 60.6 17.6 1.4 2.5 6.7 2.5 2.5 1.9

1 751.2 1 357.7 393.5 31.0 55.7 149.2 56.9 56.8 43.5

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 15.7 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

686 564 334 244 190 476

4.9 2.4 1.4

110.7 53.9 30.7

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

817 565 139 855 640 086

5.9 1.0 4.6

131.8 22.5 103.2

847.6 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500 United States Washington

2,000

Dollars

In 2003, Washington’s revenues and expenditures per person were well above the national averages. The state’s spending per capita on natural resources, education, hospitals, and health were all above average. Outlays for government administration were well below average. Tax collections per person in fiscal year 2004 were above the national average, ranking 13th in the nation. The state primarily relied on its high general sales taxes and property taxes. Washington had no individual income or corporate income taxes. The state’s property taxes were the fifth highest of the 37 states with such taxes.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Table WA-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

24 133 548 7 012 389 12 960 220 8 007 337 2 096 067 671 917 0 0 2 184 899 2 678 313 1 482 626

100.0 29.1 53.7 33.2 8.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 9.1 11.1 6.1

3 936.3 1 143.8 2 113.9 1 306.0 341.9 109.6 0.0 0.0 356.4 436.8 241.8

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

26 020 778 6 785 341 19 235 437

100.0 26.1 73.9

4 244.1 1 106.7 3 137.4

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

10 696 522 6 250 197 1 073 482 1 374 328 1 906 430 245 281 786 781 696 612 121 566 588 709 727 208 1 553 662

41.1 24.0 4.1 5.3 7.3 0.9 3.0 2.7 0.5 2.3 2.8 6.0

1 744.7 1 019.4 175.1 224.2 311.0 40.0 128.3 113.6 19.8 96.0 118.6 253.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

14 620 855

X

2 384.7

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

59 772 274

X

9 749.2

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

508

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WA-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 4 029

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

89.7 29.9

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

1 014 798 36.7 5.7 2 207 19.3 7 252

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

7.1

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

346 078 25 908 57.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Washington

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

In 2004, 89.7 percent of Washington’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, which was the 10th highest proportion in the nation. Nearly 30 percent of residents in this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more, reflecting the large number of highly-skilled workers in the state. Per student expenditures of $7,252 were below the national average of $8,041. Washington’s student/teacher ratio was the 5th highest in the country. The state’s dropout rate of 7.1 percent was the 3rd highest of the 46 states reporting such data. Washington’s proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch was slightly below the national average.

Voter turnout was above average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. Asians and Hispanics had the lowest voter participation rates in 2004. More than 77 percent of eligible voters age 65 to 74 years turned out, while just 48.2 percent of eligible voters age 18 to 24 years cast ballots. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 50.2 percent of Washington’s voters cast their ballots for the Democratic presidential candidate in 2000; this proportion increased to 52.8 percent in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Republican candidate were 44.6 and 45.6 percent, respectively.

Table WA-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 314 2 053 2 261

4 078 1 936 2 142

94.5 94.3 94.8

2 852 1 361 1 491

66.1 66.3 66.0

2 527 1 196 1 331

58.6 58.3 58.9

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 596 2 214 2 382

4 220 2 031 2 190

91.8 91.7 91.9

3 133 1 488 1 645

68.2 67.2 69.0

2 851 1 343 1 508

62.0 60.7 63.3

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 792 3 584 141 404 248 3 941 3 720 175 443

3 584 3 483 141 257 120 3 728 3 619 167 297

94.5 97.2 100.0 63.7 48.4 94.6 97.3 95.3 66.9

2 722 2 674 80 159 56 2 842 2 791 99 191

71.8 74.6 56.7 39.4 22.4 72.1 75.0 56.8 43.2

2 497 2 461 67 147 44 2 592 2 553 83 169

65.9 68.7 47.6 36.3 17.6 65.8 68.6 47.5 38.1

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

544 1 795 1 671 309 277

482 1 568 1 603 298 269

88.5 87.4 95.9 96.3 97.3

318 1 084 1 274 242 215

58.5 60.4 76.2 78.3 77.6

262 948 1 198 239 202

48.2 52.8 71.7 77.5 73.1

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

WEST VIRGINIA At a Glance: •

West Virginia’s population was over 1.8 million in 2004, making it the 37th most populous state in the nation. Non-Hispanic Whites made up 94.4 percent of the state’s population, which was the third largest proportion of this racial group in the nation. The state had among the smallest proportions of Hispanic and Asian and Pacific Islander residents in the country. West Virginia’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was the fourth highest in the nation. The state’s median household income of $33,286 was the lowest in the country. West Virginia’s poverty rate of 14.2 percent was the 14th highest in the nation. Economic activity grew slowly between 2001 and 2004. The state’s real gross state product was among the country’s smallest, ranking 42nd in the nation in 2004. However, West Virginia’s unemployment rate of 5.3 percent was below the national average. The state had the lowest proportion of college graduates in the country. Among its residents age 25 years and over, just 15.3 percent held bachelor’s degrees or more in 2004.

•

• • •

•

Table WV-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

1 793 477 0.7

1 808 344 0.6

1 815 354 0.6

X X

0.1 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

861 536 931 941

879 170 929 174

887 302 928 052

48.9 51.1

0.2 0.0

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

106 659 336 918 368 205 1 349 900 179 991 532 807 268 897 25 451

101 805 300 588 1 405 951 172 431 501 343 455 282 276 895 31 779

101 109 283 532 1 430 713 172 806 478 437 501 116 278 354 32 535

5.6 15.6 78.8 9.5 26.4 27.6 15.3 1.8

-0.5 -1.2 0.4 -0.3 -0.8 2.2 0.3 1.9

Median age (years) ................................................................

35.3

38.9

40.2

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 1.2 1.0

1.1

0.9

0.5 0.1

0.1

0.0

-0.5 United States -1.0

-0.8 1980–1990

West Virginia 1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

West Virginia’s population continued to be one of the slowest growing in the country. Over the 2000–2004 period, the state’s population grew just 0.4 percent, ranking 19th in the country and well below the rates of its neighborings. An influx of people from other states and from abroad prevented a potential population loss due to the state’s low birth rate (which ranked 48th in the country). In 2004, West Virginia’s population age 65 years and over was the second highest in the country, below only the proportion in Florida. The state’s population age 18 years and under was the second lowest in the country, above only that of the District of Columbia.

509

510

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WV-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

1 793 477

1 808 344

1 815 354

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

95.8 3.1 0.1 0.4 0.1 ...

94.7 3.2 0.2 0.5 ... 0.7

94.4 3.2 0.2 0.6 ... 0.8

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

0.5

0.7

0.8

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

6

Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

4

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

2

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH In 2004, 16.4 percent of West Virginians lacked health insurance coverage, compared with 15.7 percent of people nationally. The state’s infant mortality rate was the 13th highest in the country. Despite West Virginia’s very low birth rate, its birth rate for teenage mothers was above the national average. Table WV-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

20 935 11.6 44.8

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

7.9

6.9

998.8 1 002.2 1 119.6 ... ... 342.7

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

16.4 8.8 6.6

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,200 United States West Virginia 800

400

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table WV-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

21 032

998.8

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

8 159 4 697 1 282 869 802 455 388 374 410 314 269 255 223 192 133 81 114 22 23 48 30 28

381.9 219.4 59.3 46.2 37.6 21.4 18.1 20.5 19.1 14.8 14.4 13.6 10.8 10.7 6.7 4.6 5.4 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.7 1.4

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

WEST VIRGINIA

511

Table WV-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

688 557 500 259 406 105 94 154 20 627 73 527 188 298 168 735 19 563

736 481 504 055 397 499 106 556 27 436 79 120 232 426 199 587 32 839

736 954 493 917 387 215 106 702 26 981 79 721 243 037 208 640 34 397

0.0 -0.5 -0.7 0.0 -0.4 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.2

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.55 781 295 688 557 510 058 178 499

2.40 844 623 736 481 553 699 182 782

2.40 866 944 736 954 545 274 191 680

X 0.7 0.0 -0.4 1.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

303 47 600

401 72 800

461 81 826

3.5 3.0

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

40,000

750

Dollars

Dollars

West Virginia 150,000

30,000 20,000

United States West Virginia

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table WV-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 286 33 644 30 839 31 664 32 261

14.2 17.4 16.8 16.4 14.7

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

33 208 30 906 32 261 30 263 30 624 29 709 28 863 26 746 31 306 31 023

15.7 17.8 16.4 18.5 16.7 18.6 22.2 22.3 17.9 18.1

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

31 890 29 693 27 362 27 073 26 762 29 142 ... ... ... ...

15.7 17.9 21.6 22.4 22.3 20.4 22.1 24.8 19.9 15.2

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

512

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WV-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

1 452 104 110 224 251 266 227 270

795 38 77 167 197 187 104 25

54.7 36.3 70.1 74.6 78.5 70.1 46.1 9.2

753 32 70 157 187 181 102 24

5.3 16.0 9.2 6.2 5.1 2.9 2.8 1.6

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

700 45 56 111 131 129 113 115

425 14 41 90 111 99 57 14

60.8 32.4 72.9 80.9 84.5 76.8 50.1 11.9

401 11 37 84 104 96 55 13

5.8 21.8 8.7 6.7 5.8 3.4 3.2 2.1

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

752 59 54 113 120 137 114

369 23 36 77 86 88 48

49.1 39.1 67.1 68.3 72.0 63.9 42.1

352 20 32 73 83 86 47

4.7 12.3 9.8 5.6 4.1 2.3 2.3

412 391 83

267 204 47

64.8 52.3 56.4

256 198 43

3.9 3.1 8.2

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

1 390 672 718

760 408 352

54.7 60.7 49.1

723 386 337

4.9 5.3 4.4

Black .....................................................

37

21

55.6

17

15.5

98 103 210 243 253 221 262

36 72 158 191 178 102 24

36.6 69.4 75.1 78.7 70.1 46.3 9.3

31 66 149 182 172 99 24

14.6 8.1 5.3 4.9 2.9 2.7 1.7

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details.

Table WV-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

788 403 795 556 800 400 803 656 809 344

746 542 747 637 753 108 762 107 765 068

41 861 47 919 47 292 41 549 44 276

5.3 6.0 5.9 5.2 5.5

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

813 380 807 092 800 715 794 589 785 582 780 764 778 015 777 421 769 291 756 306

762 395 754 629 746 442 735 710 723 904 712 664 696 784 689 628 688 512 691 184

50 985 52 463 54 273 58 879 61 678 68 100 81 231 87 793 80 779 65 122

6.3 6.5 6.8 7.4 7.9 8.7 10.4 11.3 10.5 8.6

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

18.0 United States

15.0

West Virginia

Percent

Year

12.0 9.0 6.0 3.0 0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

WEST VIRGINIA

513

Table WV-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

883 128 22 861 860 267 711 622 4 254 28 210 7 003 51 149 74 820 46 293 28 527 26 363 111 678 25 678 15 256 27 988 19 941 35 870 2 968 39 463 11 882 106 641 13 428 58 422 50 608 148 645

883 499 23 098 860 401 709 980 4 352 27 270 6 795 49 056 71 332 43 973 27 359 25 482 110 716 25 064 14 083 28 868 20 326 36 581 2 968 38 662 12 182 110 244 14 677 59 121 52 201 150 421

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

27 407 13 305 27 443 27 046 18 657 49 670 59 252 32 404 38 992 34 614 46 046 36 423 17 736 35 989 33 427 31 458 21 168 32 864 45 921 17 109 16 396 27 742 15 545 11 519 17 519 29 001

28 046 16 924 28 074 27 520 18 727 50 330 59 147 31 631 39 633 35 635 46 027 37 960 18 434 36 218 35 751 31 687 22 465 34 641 45 157 17 533 16 266 28 463 16 794 11 859 18 019 30 207

883 228 23 046 860 182 709 872 3 860 27 754 6 410 48 803 67 167 41 421 25 746 24 933 110 735 24 600 14 150 28 362 21 260 36 964 2 932 38 649 12 520 112 122 15 041 61 118 52 492 150 310

898 192 23 007 875 185 723 980 3 770 30 038 6 319 51 229 65 661 41 040 24 621 25 547 112 719 25 123 13 278 27 785 22 176 37 810 3 127 40 323 12 789 114 225 16 217 62 259 53 585 151 205

0.6 0.2 0.6 0.6 -3.9 2.1 -3.4 0.1 -4.3 -3.9 -4.8 -1.0 0.3 -0.7 -4.5 -0.2 3.6 1.8 1.8 0.7 2.5 2.3 6.5 2.1 1.9 0.6

29 870 15 814 29 912 29 278 19 995 54 385 62 825 32 424 42 680 38 720 49 238 40 860 19 504 38 677 37 844 34 630 23 671 37 711 49 988 19 564 17 857 30 492 18 991 12 360 19 805 32 360

2.9 5.9 2.9 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.0 0.0 3.1 3.8 2.3 3.9 3.2 2.4 4.2 3.3 3.8 4.7 2.9 4.6 2.9 3.2 6.9 2.4 4.2 3.7

Dollars 28 764 14 175 28 809 28 069 19 193 51 463 61 621 30 887 40 831 36 574 47 627 38 845 18 926 37 308 36 855 32 952 22 998 36 168 44 944 18 269 17 008 29 320 18 073 12 095 18 621 31 643

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET West Virginia’s unemployment rate was slightly below average over the 2001–2004 period. This was caused by a low labor force participation rate, rather than a dynamic labor market. Employment was static over the 2001–2003 period and only showed some growth in 2004. Over the period as a whole, jobs in service-providing industries, particularly health care, rose steadily, and mining employment also increased. Employment in manufacturing industries declined, while construction and retail trade showed little change. The government sector was the state’s largest employer, followed by health care and retail trade. Average wages and salaries were well below the national averages across all industries.

Employment by Industry, 2004

16.8%

Government and government enterprises Health care and social assistance

37.7% 12.7%

Retail trade Manufacturing Accommodation and food services

12.5% 6.0% 6.9%

7.3%

Other services, except public administration Other

514

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WV-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

12 575 9 531 2 038 1 007 -14 1 021 1 297 -301 10 978 2 034 2 829 15 841 15 834 7

18 177 13 315 3 133 1 729 14 1 715 2 420 70 15 827 4 759 5 394 25 980 25 940 40

26 951 19 387 5 156 2 409 -7 2 415 3 905 568 23 615 6 676 9 292 39 582 39 567 15

28 192 20 106 5 290 2 796 -47 2 843 3 952 663 24 902 6 689 10 312 41 902 41 922 -19

28 835 20 543 5 721 2 572 -88 2 660 3 990 718 25 563 6 413 11 294 43 270 43 325 -56

29 721 20 942 6 075 2 704 -83 2 787 4 135 754 26 340 6 025 11 925 44 290 44 338 -48

31 588 22 027 6 603 2 958 -81 3 038 4 356 806 28 038 6 075 12 507 46 619 46 662 -43

4.0 3.2 6.4 5.3 X 5.9 2.8 9.1 4.4 -2.3 7.7 4.2 4.2 X

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

8 118

14 493

21 900

23 256

23 969

24 450

25 681

4.1

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

adjustment. but they are excluded from personal income.

X = Not applicable.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States West Virginia

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Economic activity grew at rates below the national average throughout the 2001–2004 period. In 2004, the growth rate of West Virginia’s gross state product was among the lowest in the country, ranking 43rd in the nation. Contributing to this performance was the relatively slow growth across a broad range of industries in both the service-providing and goods-producing sectors, with the notable exceptions of retail trade and government (West Virginia’s two largest sectors). Housing price increases have occurred at a rate about one-third below the national average . In 2004, the median value of owner-occupied housing in West Virginia was the third lowest in the country.

Table WV-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

40 605 0.5

41 020 0.5

42 234 0.4

41 690 0.4

42 065 0.4

42 703 0.4

43 158 0.4

44 299 0.4

1.7 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

34 229 188 2 645 1 981 2 133 6 204 15.3 1 862 3 109 1 544 953 1 460 3 483 8 730 21.5 1 351 229 829 227 3 696 253 1 058 1 087 6 370 15.7

34 525 201 2 915 1 939 2 009 5 921 14.4 2 015 3 195 1 475 1 015 1 483 3 499 8 879 21.6 1 416 207 862 223 3 723 268 1 100 1 080 6 492 15.8

35 503 201 2 870 1 904 1 859 6 492 15.4 2 053 3 366 1 490 1 068 1 508 3 664 9 028 21.4 1 479 213 895 218 3 754 278 1 153 1 038 6 729 15.9

34 801 265 2 911 1 999 1 803 5 704 13.7 1 983 3 392 1 459 1 079 1 558 3 705 8 941 21.4 1 426 201 816 212 3 789 315 1 172 1 010 6 889 16.5

35 104 238 2 951 1 929 1 913 5 053 12.0 2 145 3 620 1 361 1 186 1 686 3 962 9 071 21.6 1 527 265 812 208 3 788 336 1 157 978 6 961 16.5

35 629 220 2 922 1 945 1 722 5 130 12.0 2 247 3 771 1 365 1 234 1 756 4 049 9 308 21.8 1 616 271 819 193 3 888 386 1 169 966 7 073 16.6

36 027 253 2 807 2 127 1 627 5 080 11.8 2 147 3 962 1 401 1 356 1 722 4 053 9 557 22.1 1 697 291 851 185 3 961 400 1 204 968 7 131 16.5

37 046 251 2 814 2 154 1 721 5 055 11.4 2 245 4 194 1 455 1 363 1 760 4 102 10 005 22.6 1 756 329 914 182 4 055 467 1 237 1 065 7 253 16.4

1.8 1.8 -1.6 3.7 -3.5 0.0 X 1.5 5.0 2.3 4.7 1.4 1.2 3.3 X 4.8 7.5 4.0 -4.4 2.3 11.6 2.3 2.9 1.4 X

X = Not applicable.

515

WEST VIRGINIA

Table WV-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

2 694

5 164

8 894

9 874

10 900

11 575

12 130

8.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

1 675 1 175 83 115 301

2 981 2 247 135 330 269

4 367 3 491 153 541 181

4 877 3 692 154 860 170

5 422 3 878 158 1 222 165

5 639 4 016 160 1 307 156

5 845 4 168 163 1 368 147

7.6 4.5 1.6 26.1 -5.2

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

380 264 112 4

1 301 856 432 13

3 212 1 760 1 435 17

3 520 1 945 1 553 23

3 783 2 082 1 669 32

4 156 2 199 1 928 28

4 492 2 403 2 056 33

8.7 8.1 9.4 18.9

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

262 73 61 91 37

525 146 112 198 69

842 318 96 182 246

920 335 137 182 265

992 349 135 200 308

1 031 357 116 220 338

1 099 374 111 240 374

6.9 4.1 3.7 7.2 11.0

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

197

117

118

145

230

257

187

12.2

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

151

182

269

299

352

377

386

9.5

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

29

56

81

104

115

108

114

9.0

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

*

1

5

10

5

6

6

2.8

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. * = Less than $500,000.

Leading Exports, 2004

EXPORTS

Chemicals 40.5%

In 2004, West Virginia’s exports ranked 34th in the country, amounting to $3.3 billion. However, a proportion of the state’s coal products were shipped to Virginia and exported from there. Consequently, these exports were attributed to that state, rather than to West Virginia. Chemical manufactures were the largest reported export product, followed by transportation equipment and mining products. Computers and electronic products were the fastest growing of West Virginia’s leading exports. The state’s chief export markets were Canada, Mexico, and Japan, which was a rapidly expanding market for West Virginia’s goods.

Transportation equipment 14.1%

Mining 12.2%

Other 15.9%

Primary metal manufactures 6.5%

Computers and electronic products 10.9%

Table WV-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

2 241 1 804 427 10

2 237 2 006 219 12

2 380 2 097 262 21

3 262 2 816 411 35

100.0 86.3 12.6 1.1

13.3 16.0 -1.2 51.9

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Mining (212) ........................................................................... Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Primary metal manufactures (331) ........................................

934 178 408 34 229

1 051 230 200 46 217

1 116 239 246 59 200

1 321 459 397 357 210

40.5 14.1 12.2 10.9 6.5

12.2 37.0 -0.9 119.8 -2.8

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Belgium .................................................................................. Netherlands ...........................................................................

2 113 776 44 214 227 68

2 121 739 76 242 205 70

2 243 760 81 234 236 80

3 137 980 436 362 283 136

96.2 30.0 13.4 11.1 8.7 4.2

14.1 8.1 114.1 19.2 7.5 26.0

516

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table WV-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

2002

Number of farms ............................................................................. Land in farms (acres) ......................................................................

21 531 3 698 204

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

172

172

24.8 69.2 6.0

27.3 66.4 6.3

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

195 213 1 123 22 962

231 999 1 315 26 188

459 387 68 964 390 423 21 336

482 814 69 693 413 121 23 199

82.5 14.5 3.0

82.5 14.2 3.3

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

3 983 11.6

5 180 8.0

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

37.7

50.5

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

20 812 3 584 668

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming amounted to nearly $483 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented an 8 percent increase from the previous agriculture census in 1997. The state’s chief products were chickens and cattle. A very large proportion of farms (82.5 percent) had sales of less than $10,000, and 50.5 percent of all farm operators considered farming to be their principal occupation. Just over 27 percent of West Virginia’s farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was lower than the national average proportion of farms of this size. ENERGY West Virginia ranked 10th in the nation for energy consumption, but state’s the low price of energy (the fifth lowest in the country) kept per capita expenditures lower. As a result, energy expenditures per person were just below the national average, totaling $2,385 in 2001. The state’s chief energy sources were coal, natural gas, and petroleum. The industrial sector accounted for more than 40 percent of total energy use in West Virginia.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

1,000

Transportation 24.0%

Residential 20.6%

750 500 250 0 -250 -500 -750

Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 40.9%

Commercial 14.5%

Table WV-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

618 094 332.3

797 980 446.8

859 065 492.5

856 459 464.9

880 393 451.6

726 924 381.2

824 469 459.7

823 938 452.6

774 048 428.0

761 657 422.8

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

14.0 5.4 66.9 13.7

11.8 4.8 71.1 12.3

13.1 6.0 68.3 12.6

14.5 7.6 61.6 16.3

16.3 8.1 59.0 16.6

17.8 10.6 50.2 21.4

16.0 10.9 55.2 17.8

18.4 11.9 48.1 21.6

19.9 14.6 41.4 24.0

20.6 14.5 40.9 24.0

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

354 418 155 554 126 839 0 10 097 13 367 0 -42 182

477 365 176 111 180 966 0 8 657 11 903 0 -57 022

612 375 186 535 217 723 0 10 449 10 703 0 -178 720

817 441 164 297 263 952 0 11 058 11 740 0 -412 028

857 779 147 624 311 510 0 11 571 9 558 0 -457 650

871 750 125 018 255 985 0 11 052 12 989 0 -549 870

873 486 129 005 295 479 0 13 471 5 965 32 -492 969

871 343 157 816 266 837 0 12 299 7 539 39 -491 936

977 811 157 926 213 044 0 11 740 6 062 47 -592 583

872 307 152 165 215 015 0 9 685 5 556 46 -493 115

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

798 400 458

1 885 300 1 023

3 808 700 1 954

3 651 100 1 915

3 922 200 2 187

4 032 000 2 215

4 394 500 2 430

4 297 200 2 385

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.13 1.72 1.88 0.67 2.67

2.78 3.47 3.34 2.10 4.50

5.76 6.37 6.21 4.31 9.61

7.27 9.74 9.74 5.16 9.13

6.64 10.32 8.98 4.25 9.72

7.25 11.65 10.12 4.15 9.71

8.82 12.36 9.80 4.92 12.09

8.74 12.61 10.45 4.84 11.34

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

517

WEST VIRGINIA

Table WV-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

3 749 013

100.0

2 065.6

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

3 370

0.1

1.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products .................................................................... Other selective sales ...............................................................

2 093 253 1 021 365 1 071 888 102 181 309 274 188 412 107 609 346 251

55.8 27.2 28.6 2.7 8.2 5.0 2.9 9.2

1 153.3 562.7 590.6 56.3 170.4 103.8 59.3 190.8

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0 49.8

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

179 107 83 663 39 790

4.8 2.2 1.1

98.7 46.1 21.9

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Severance ...................................................................................

1 473 283 1 068 212 181 515 204 126

39.3 28.5 4.8 5.4

811.7 588.6 100.0 112.5

847.6 673.6 105.1 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States West Virginia

2,000

Dollars

West Virginia’s revenues and expenditures per person were well above the national averages. The state ranked 12th in the nation for per capita revenue. Spending per capita was above average on education, public welfare, government administration, and highways, but below average on hospitals and health. Tax collections were slightly higher than average in fiscal year 2004, as the state’s selective sales taxes on utilities, tobacco, and motor fuels were above average. West Virginia ranked 19th in the nation for per capita taxes. Individual income and severance (taxes imposed on the removal of natural resources) were other major sources of revenue.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table WV-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

8 316 567 2 975 382 3 593 993 978 022 975 291 186 386 1 055 523 182 364 216 407 832 027 915 165

100.0 35.8 43.2 11.8 11.7 2.2 12.7 2.2 2.6 10.0 11.0

4 592.2 1 643.0 1 984.5 540.0 538.5 102.9 582.8 100.7 119.5 459.4 505.3

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

7 997 646 1 544 758 6 452 888

100.0 19.3 80.7

4 416.2 853.0 3 563.2

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

2 759 464 2 230 629 105 211 232 084 961 586 53 903 182 064 184 606 68 499 482 981 207 095 529 524

34.5 27.9 1.3 2.9 12.0 0.7 2.3 2.3 0.9 6.0 2.6 6.6

1 523.7 1 231.7 58.1 128.2 531.0 29.8 100.5 101.9 37.8 266.7 114.4 292.4

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

4 260 461

X

2 352.6

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

10 380 874

X

5 732.1

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

518

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WV-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 1 237

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

80.9 15.3

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

282 455 49.3 0.5 768 14.0 8 319

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

3.7

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

97 221 9 335 55.3

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States West Virginia

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

West Virginia’s spending on education was above the U.S. average, but the educational attainment of its population remained quite low in 2004. The state’s expenditures per student were the 18th highest in the country. Just 80.9 percent of residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, and just 15.3 percent held bachelor’s degrees or more. The state had the lowest proportion of college graduates in the nation. This partly reflected the higher proportion of older residents, who may have had fewer educational opportunities than their younger counterparts. It also reflected the relatively low skill level required by many of the state’s largest employers.

Voter turnout was below the national average for both the 2000 and 2004 elections. In 2000, the male and female participation rates were about equal. In 2004, the female voter participation rate increased nearly 8 percentage points, while the male participation rate increased just 2 percentage points. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 51.9 percent of eligible West Virginians voted for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000, and this proportion increased to 56.1 percent in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democratic candidate were 45.6 and 43.2 percent, respectively.

Table WV-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 405 654 750

1 397 651 746

99.4 99.5 99.4

886 412 475

63.1 62.9 63.2

732 341 390

52.1 52.2 52.0

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

1 395 676 720

1 394 676 718

99.9 100.0 99.8

935 434 502

67.0 64.2 69.7

798 367 431

57.2 54.3 59.8

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

1 331 1 326 42 5 5 1 345 1 340 46 5

1 330 1 325 42 5 5 1 344 1 339 46 5

99.9 99.9 B B B 99.9 99.9 B B

897 896 23 3 1 907 906 26 3

67.4 67.5 B B B 67.5 67.6 B B

765 764 20 2 1 775 774 22 2

57.5 57.6 B B B 57.6 57.7 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

157 468 502 134 133

157 468 501 134 133

100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0

89 294 347 99 107

56.4 62.7 69.2 73.9 80.0

72 244 311 92 78

45.9 52.1 61.9 68.6 58.8

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

WISCONSIN At a Glance: •

Wisconsin’s population was over 5.5 million in 2004. Its slow rate of population growth from 2000 to 2004 contributed to its fall from the 18th most populous state in 2000 to the 20th most populous state in 2004. The state’s residents were largely non-Hispanic White; this racial group made up 86.2 percent of the population. Just 10.4 percent of Wisconsin’s residents lacked health insurance, giving the state one of the five lowest proportions of uninsured population in the nation. Wisconsin’s median household income was just above the national average, ranking 19th in the country. The state’s poverty rate was below the national average. Economic growth was average over the 2001–2004 period. In 2004, Wisconsin’s real gross state product was the 19th largest in the country. Its unemployment rate of 4.9 percent was well below the national average. The educational attainment levels of Wisconsin’s population were above average. The state had the 13th highest proportion of residents age 25 years and over with high school diplomas.

• • • •

•

Table WI-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

4 891 769 2.0

5 363 675 1.9

5 509 026 1.9

X X

0.7 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

2 392 935 2 498 834

2 649 041 2 714 634

2 726 992 2 782 034

49.5 50.5

0.7 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

360 730 928 252 892 408 3 602 787 512 326 1 546 832 651 221 74 293

342 340 1 026 416 3 994 919 520 629 1 581 690 1 190 047 702 553 95 625

338 310 969 676 4 201 040 574 901 1 535 043 1 375 528 715 568 111 027

6.1 17.6 76.3 10.4 27.9 25.0 13.0 2.0

-0.6 0.3 1.1 0.8 0.0 3.2 0.7 3.0

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.8

36.0

37.4

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5

United States Wisconsin

1.0

0.9

1.2

1.1 0.9 0.7

0.5

0.4

0.0 1980–1990

1990–2000

Year

2000–2004

Wisconsin’s population grew 2.7 percent between 2000 and 2004, which was below the national average and the rate of neighboring Minnesota, but above the rates of Michigan and Illinois. The state benefited from both international and domestic immigration, which together added 54,000 new residents and accounted for over onethird of the state’s population growth during this period. Wisconsin’s birth rate was below average, which contributed to the slow population growth. The state had a below average proportion of its population under 18 years old and an above average proportion of elderly residents. Milwaukee was the state’s largest city.

519

520

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WI-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

4 891 769

5 363 675

5 509 026

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.3 4.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 ...

87.4 5.6 0.8 1.7 ... 0.8

86.2 5.8 0.9 1.9 ... 0.9

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

1.9

3.6

4.3

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002 Rate (per 100,000 population)

American Indian, Alaska Native

15

Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

Percent

10

Asian and Pacific Islander Non-Hispanic Black

5

Two or more races 0 Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH Wisconsin’s infant mortality rate was identical to the national average. The state’s age-adjusted death rate for all causes was below average, ranking 33rd in the nation. The overall birth rate and the birth rate for teenage mothers were below average. Table WI-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

70 040 12.8 31.3

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.9

6.9

807.6 798.9 1 098.9 ... 478.7 350.3

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

10.4 5.1 3.8

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

1,000

United States Wisconsin

750

500

250

0 All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table WI-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

46 690

807.6

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

17 932 10 748 2 342 2 178 1 333 1 262 1 263 819 798 418 619 451 437 312 384 193 674 75 39 78 66 46

305.1 190.6 40.8 38.6 23.3 21.0 20.7 14.9 13.6 7.2 11.3 8.2 7.9 5.7 7.0 3.6 11.3 1.4 0.7 1.3 1.2 0.9

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population.

WISCONSIN

521

Table WI-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

1 822 118 1 275 172 1 048 010 227 162 52 632 174 530 546 946 443 673 103 273

2 084 544 1 386 815 1 108 597 278 218 77 918 200 300 697 729 557 875 139 854

2 172 924 1 417 606 1 121 982 295 624 80 295 215 329 755 318 604 765 150 553

1.0 0.6 0.3 1.5 0.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.61 2 055 774 1 822 118 1 215 350 606 768

2.50 2 321 144 2 084 544 1 426 361 658 183

2.46 2 463 802 2 172 924 1 519 124 653 800

X 1.5 1.0 1.6 -0.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

399 62 100

540 112 200

609 137 727

3.1 5.3

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004

150,000

750

100,000

500

50,000

60,000

1,000

40,000

Dollars

United States Wisconsin

Dollars

Dollars

200,000

20,000 United States

250

Wisconsin 0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table WI-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

45 931 47 513 48 217 48 389 49 457

12.3 9.8 8.6 7.9 9.3

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

51 763 47 829 46 470 47 949 50 410 44 616 40 893 43 947 42 108 43 039

8.6 8.8 8.2 8.8 8.5 9.0 12.6 10.9 9.9 9.3

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 844 45 377 41 931 43 460 38 923 35 889 ... ... ... ...

8.4 7.8 9.0 10.7 11.6 15.5 10.7 9.5 8.1 8.5

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

522

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WI-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

4 280 304 381 729 822 805 573 666

3 071 186 328 638 731 708 378 103

71.8 61.1 86.1 87.5 88.9 88.0 66.0 15.4

2 917 164 302 600 702 686 362 101

5.0 11.9 7.8 5.9 3.9 3.2 4.3 1.7

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 093 151 194 355 425 401 290 278

1 616 91 169 332 398 367 204 54

77.2 60.7 87.1 93.6 93.6 91.5 70.6 19.5

1 526 78 153 311 380 357 193 53

5.6 14.8 9.1 6.4 4.4 2.8 5.4 2.2

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

2 187 153 187 374 397 404 283 388

1 456 94 159 306 333 341 174 49

66.6 61.6 85.1 81.7 83.8 84.5 61.3 12.5

1 391 86 149 289 322 329 168 48

4.4 9.0 6.4 5.4 3.3 3.7 3.1 1.3

1 209 1 186 220

941 817 159

77.9 68.9 72.2

911 792 145

3.3 3.1 8.4

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

3 941 1 945 1 996

2 846 1 513 1 333

72.2 77.8 66.8

2 719 1 437 1 282

4.5 5.0 3.8

Black ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

208 86 122

132 57 75

63.4 66.2 61.5

110 47 63

16.4 17.8 15.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

Asian .....................................................

72

52

72.7

50

5.1

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

197 108 90

150 95 54

75.8 88.7 60.4

134 86 48

10.3 9.9 11.0

256 335 654 759 749 542 646

163 292 579 685 666 362 99

63.9 87.1 88.5 90.1 89.0 66.7 15.4

146 272 552 661 646 346 98

10.8 6.8 4.7 3.5 3.1 4.4 1.6

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table WI-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

3 071 179 3 068 739 3 037 928 3 032 130 2 992 250

2 919 201 2 896 670 2 877 047 2 898 949 2 891 238

151 978 172 069 160 881 133 181 101 012

4.9 5.6 5.3 4.4 3.4

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

2 970 026 2 967 066 2 958 858 2 921 029 2 881 250 2 835 174 2 752 773 2 695 116 2 640 141 2 598 898

2 879 024 2 869 982 2 855 830 2 815 599 2 773 640 2 713 392 2 628 814 2 556 294 2 499 353 2 486 129

91 002 97 084 103 028 105 430 107 610 121 782 123 959 138 822 140 788 112 769

3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.3 4.5 5.2 5.3 4.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Wisconsin

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

WISCONSIN

523

Table WI-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

3 418 677 99 421 3 319 256 2 896 620 15 749 4 052 12 554 180 902 573 370 357 022 216 348 126 002 400 164 113 660 60 119 158 656 78 879 141 969 36 652 143 847 52 398 343 906 56 980 225 672 171 089 422 636

3 411 073 99 147 3 311 926 2 884 628 16 955 3 765 12 054 179 325 541 802 333 715 208 087 124 688 397 304 113 264 56 618 161 662 80 256 143 496 37 253 146 136 53 634 352 757 59 380 226 867 177 412 427 298

AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

30 936 29 128 30 949 30 911 22 964 42 727 61 899 39 162 39 033 39 571 38 149 41 731 19 236 32 301 38 007 42 264 25 373 45 941 63 254 19 974 23 127 31 045 20 632 10 386 19 586 31 168

31 876 31 696 31 877 31 857 23 490 43 534 63 408 39 682 40 390 40 928 39 530 43 287 20 151 32 867 38 894 43 806 25 430 46 373 66 010 20 669 24 319 32 626 21 046 10 652 20 581 31 993

3 435 056 102 198 3 332 858 2 903 650 15 498 4 022 11 871 184 011 521 958 321 240 200 718 123 056 401 409 114 248 56 116 164 067 84 061 145 685 39 865 147 771 55 382 361 641 61 005 232 949 179 035 429 208

3 479 948 101 675 3 378 273 2 950 851 15 139 4 233 11 898 187 901 520 663 323 461 197 202 125 678 404 470 115 133 56 664 166 021 88 303 147 541 40 917 156 813 57 499 368 906 62 030 239 147 181 895 427 422

0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6 -1.3 1.5 -1.8 1.3 -3.2 -3.2 -3.0 -0.1 0.4 0.4 -2.0 1.5 3.8 1.3 3.7 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.9 2.0 2.1 0.4

34 111 28 649 34 157 34 123 25 459 45 727 69 482 41 235 44 051 45 281 42 046 46 485 20 793 34 761 42 252 48 891 28 162 49 382 73 460 21 405 26 330 35 349 20 982 11 164 21 905 34 351

3.3 -0.6 3.3 3.4 3.5 2.3 3.9 1.7 4.1 4.6 3.3 3.7 2.6 2.5 3.6 5.0 3.5 2.4 5.1 2.3 4.4 4.4 0.6 2.4 3.8 3.3

Dollars 32 760 22 883 32 846 32 740 24 116 43 415 64 324 40 232 41 969 42 968 40 380 44 594 20 263 33 470 39 638 46 560 26 862 47 444 68 191 20 807 25 435 33 730 20 885 10 865 21 142 33 444

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other"

consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

LABOR MARKET The state’s unemployment rate has been below the national average since the mid-1990s. During the 2001 recession, it rose significantly but still remained below average. Employment growth was moderate over the 2003–2004 period, as Wisconsin recovered from a downturn in 2001–2002. Job losses occurred in the manufacturing sector during the entire 2001–2004 period. The state’s large retail trade sector experienced slow employment growth, while service-providing industries, particularly health care, posted moderate gains. Average wages and salaries were below the national average, ranking 30th in the nation. However, their rate of growth from 2001 to 2004 reached 10.3 percent, which was above the national average.

Employment by Industry, 2004

15.0%

Manufacturing Government and government enterprises

38.3%

12.3%

Retail trade Health care and social assistance Accommodation and food services

11.6% Construction 5.4%

6.9%

10.6%

Other

524

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WI-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

36 288 27 146 5 270 3 872 1 146 2 726 3 507 550 33 330 8 044 6 249 47 623 46 205 1 419

65 561 49 250 10 419 5 893 882 5 011 7 464 1 356 59 453 17 470 11 711 88 635 87 318 1 317

114 900 87 848 17 997 9 055 181 8 874 13 138 2 736 104 498 29 870 19 179 153 548 152 718 830

118 830 89 671 18 864 10 296 213 10 082 13 522 2 868 108 176 29 303 21 409 158 888 158 008 880

122 934 91 626 21 249 10 059 188 9 872 13 953 2 919 111 900 28 332 23 041 163 273 162 415 858

127 886 94 363 23 152 10 371 549 9 823 14 454 2 988 116 420 27 624 23 542 167 586 166 413 1 173

135 494 99 120 24 985 11 390 716 10 673 15 240 3 098 123 352 28 986 24 297 176 636 175 168 1 468

4.2 3.1 8.5 5.9 41.0 4.7 3.8 3.2 4.2 -0.7 6.1 3.6 3.5 15.3

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

10 107

18 072

28 570

29 392

30 011

30 613

32 063

2.9

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Wisconsin

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Wisconsin’s economy expanded at about the national average rate over the 2001–2004 period. In 2004, the state’s real gross state product was the 19th largest in the country. Moderate gains in manufacturing, retail trade, information, finance and insurance, and real estate and related activities contributed to this growth. Agriculture, construction, and educational services were the only industries that experienced declines during this period. Housing price appreciation was not a major factor in Wisconsin’s economy. In 2004, the state’s median value of owner-occupied housing totaled $137,727, the 26th highest amount in the country.

Table WI-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

160 193 1.9

166 511 1.8

172 778 1.8

176 244 1.8

177 842 1.8

181 153 1.8

186 350 1.8

193 900 1.8

2.9 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

142 113 2 068 174 2 542 7 462 38 198 23.8 8 500 9 753 5 208 3 940 11 063 17 915 35 625 22.2 6 152 4 436 3 626 1 151 11 476 1 112 3 456 4 216 18 102 11.3

148 006 2 385 208 2 560 7 690 40 048 24.1 9 596 10 226 5 365 4 228 11 285 18 225 36 303 21.8 6 616 4 223 3 792 1 166 11 601 1 110 3 504 4 291 18 518 11.1

154 147 2 485 241 2 868 8 008 41 232 23.9 10 072 10 966 5 540 4 714 11 402 19 369 37 310 21.6 7 108 4 070 4 045 1 225 11 950 1 256 3 640 4 016 18 629 10.8

157 044 2 359 261 2 822 7 792 43 269 24.6 9 940 11 790 5 758 4 700 12 115 19 650 36 589 20.8 7 126 3 268 3 680 1 202 12 394 1 188 3 805 3 926 19 200 10.9

158 525 2 581 249 2 915 7 626 41 241 23.2 10 618 12 564 5 536 5 226 12 025 20 640 37 326 21.0 7 291 3 423 3 541 1 197 12 965 1 252 3 775 3 882 19 318 10.9

161 869 2 661 250 2 870 7 448 41 981 23.2 11 038 13 311 5 628 5 542 12 230 20 573 38 432 21.2 7 442 3 493 3 729 1 205 13 620 1 298 3 797 3 848 19 294 10.7

166 888 2 678 255 3 120 7 457 43 631 23.4 10 622 13 865 5 841 5 952 13 634 20 290 39 715 21.3 7 739 3 877 3 818 1 185 14 063 1 292 3 900 3 841 19 488 10.5

174 300 2 489 250 3 399 7 500 46 151 23.8 10 965 14 461 5 932 6 790 14 346 21 155 41 203 21.2 7 935 4 045 4 043 1 179 14 545 1 275 4 069 4 112 19 656 10.1

3.2 -1.2 0.1 5.3 -0.6 3.8 X 1.1 4.8 2.3 9.1 6.1 0.8 3.3 X 2.9 5.7 4.5 -0.5 3.9 0.6 2.5 1.9 0.6 X

X = Not applicable.

WISCONSIN

525

Table WI-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

5 883

11 005

17 902

19 985

21 890

22 492

23 249

6.8

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

2 817 2 721 87 7 2

5 578 5 412 134 13 20

8 549 8 350 153 21 24

9 026 8 822 155 24 25

9 471 9 246 160 28 37

9 806 9 571 162 28 45

10 260 10 017 165 28 49

4.7 4.7 2.0 7.2 19.5

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

1 484 740 738 6

3 495 1 887 1 593 15

6 800 3 417 3 366 17

7 907 3 776 4 106 26

8 863 4 036 4 790 37

8 946 4 262 4 651 32

9 341 4 672 4 629 40

8.3 8.1 8.3 23.8

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

691 158 353 74 106

1 100 290 440 186 184

1 438 483 279 133 543

1 580 495 349 163 573

1 679 511 352 202 615

1 835 526 368 241 700

1 971 550 396 282 743

8.2 3.3 9.2 20.6 8.2

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

554

368

519

815

1 179

1 180

899

14.7

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

249

310

416

435

474

511

552

7.4

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

86

150

162

191

206

195

210

6.8

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

3

5

19

30

17

19

18

-1.9

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Wisconsin’s exports totaled $12.7 billion in 2004, making the state the 20th largest exporter in the country. The state’s chief exports were machinery manufactures, followed distantly by computers and electronic products and transportation equipment. Its largest overseas markets were Canada and Mexico. China was Wisconsin’s fastest-growing export market, as exports to this country increased by over 82 percent from 2001 to 2004. Exports to Mexico also increased significantly during this period. Japan, the third leading market, saw a decline in exports from Wisconsin, primarily as a result of a drop in processed food exports.

Computers and electronic products 17.1% Machinery 29.2% Transportation equipment 12.0% Paper 5.2% Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts 5.1% Other 31.4%

Table WI-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

10 489 9 875 427 187

10 684 10 018 499 167

11 510 10 805 529 176

12 706 11 968 432 306

100.0 94.2 3.4 2.4

6.6 6.6 0.4 17.9

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Transportation equipment (336) ............................................ Paper products (322) ............................................................. Electrical equipment, appliances, and parts (335) .................

2 860 1 929 1 111 543 533

2 979 2 000 1 109 528 519

3 217 2 043 1 374 563 549

3 715 2 168 1 519 665 653

29.2 17.1 12.0 5.2 5.1

9.1 4.0 11.0 7.0 7.0

Five Leading Markets .......................................................... Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... China ..................................................................................... United Kingdom .....................................................................

9 166 3 771 670 733 320 448

9 554 3 923 717 958 359 417

10 315 4 349 788 817 548 494

11 328 4 857 1 064 625 583 517

89.1 38.2 8.4 4.9 4.6 4.1

7.3 8.8 16.7 -5.2 22.2 4.9

526

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table WI-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 79 541 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 16 232 744

2002

77 131 15 741 552

Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

204

204

23.2 69.2 7.7

27.6 64.1 8.2

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................

258 638 1 264 59 899

464 127 2 272 72 300

5 794 100 1 754 487 4 039 613 72 844

5 623 275 1 690 071 3 933 204 72 906

45.6 33.8 20.6

54.0 27.9 18.1

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

150 255 64.5

247 942 48.3

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

54.5

59.4

Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled $5.6 billion in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This represented a modest increase from the previous agriculture census in 1997. Wisconsin ranked 10th in the nation for agricultural sales in 2002. The state’s chief products were dairy and soybeans. In 2002, far more farms reported sales of less than $10,000 than in 1997. About 59 percent of all farm operators reported that farming was their principal occupation. Less than 28 percent of farms spanned fewer than 50 acres, which was below the national average proportion of farms of this size. ENERGY Energy expenditures per person amounted to $2,471 in 2001, just above the national average. Wisconsin’s per capita consumption was slightly above average. Energy prices were slightly below average, ranking 29th in the country. The state’s chief energy sources were petroleum, coal, and natural gas. The industrial sector accounted for 39 percent of Wisconsin’s energy consumption.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

800 Transportation 22.6%

Residential 21.5%

600

400

200

0 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Industrial 39.1%

Commercial 16.8%

Table WI-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

855 102 216.4

1 031 849 243.8

1 289 507 291.9

1 344 057 293.5

1 466 596 311.7

1 505 602 317.1

1 472 625 301.0

1 686 712 328.3

1 904 307 355.0

1 863 373 344.7

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

29.2 10.6 39.1 21.0

28.0 10.6 41.8 19.6

27.0 12.2 39.8 21.0

26.9 14.1 35.3 23.7

24.7 14.2 38.6 22.4

24.8 15.6 39.0 20.6

24.5 16.1 36.2 23.1

23.5 16.3 37.2 23.0

21.4 16.5 40.1 22.0

21.5 16.8 39.1 22.6

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

304 624 93 792 392 961 0 25 814 39 155 0 -1 243

347 925 204 093 413 541 0 22 276 39 414 0 4 601

381 558 344 241 510 475 1 725 19 980 38 333 0 -6 805

272 045 372 097 525 827 113 356 21 193 44 874 0 -5 334

327 310 354 672 477 974 108 111 21 970 163 794 0 12 765

360 704 311 449 442 452 116 623 26 594 188 598 1 59 182

394 459 311 237 482 088 118 793 20 954 80 657 288 64 151

441 611 385 342 529 182 115 258 24 527 89 069 339 101 385

499 242 397 553 665 992 120 059 20 308 96 046 364 104 742

494 744 363 022 668 450 120 226 20 920 93 427 1 076 101 509

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

1 820 000 412

3 387 100 740

6 753 900 1 435

8 174 500 1 722

8 134 100 1 663

9 177 100 1 786

13 013 500 2 426

13 357 800 2 471

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.76 2.04 2.13 1.01 2.49

3.27 3.46 3.54 2.17 4.24

6.72 6.78 6.91 4.36 8.99

8.40 9.90 9.46 5.96 9.18

7.96 9.62 9.23 5.08 9.23

7.79 9.79 8.91 4.77 9.19

9.80 11.94 10.88 6.53 12.01

10.30 13.28 11.99 7.07 11.60

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

527

WISCONSIN

Table WI-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

12 531 098

100.0

2 274.7

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

104 158

0.8

18.9

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Public utilities ........................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

5 795 187 3 899 395 1 895 792 138 388 1 028 516 367 650 307 425

46.2 31.1 15.1 1.1 8.2 2.9 2.5

1 052.0 707.8 344.1 25.1 186.7 66.7 55.8

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 39.2 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

729 808 330 291 289 639

5.8 2.6 2.3

132.5 60.0 52.6

134.9 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Individual income ......................................................................... Corporation net income ............................................................... Death and gift .............................................................................. Documentary and stock transfer .................................................

5 901 945 5 051 612 681 990 86 357 66 325

47.1 40.3 5.4 0.7 0.5

1 071.3 917.0 123.8 15.7 12.0

847.6 673.6 105.1 19.6 27.1

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 2,500

United States Wisconsin

2,000

Dollars

Wisconsin’s revenues and expenditures per person were above the national average in 2003. The state ranked 16th in the country for both values. Spending per capita was above average on education, highways, correction, and natural resources, but below average on hospitals and health. The state’s per capita taxes of $2,275 in fiscal year 2004 were above average, ranking 12th in the country. The largest proportion of taxes was collected through individual income taxes, followed by general sales taxes and motor fuels taxes. Wisconsin’s individual income taxes were the 11th highest in the nation. The state’s property taxes were below average.

1,500

1,000

500

0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Individual income

Corporation net income

Table WI-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

23 433 155 7 094 092 12 089 770 3 738 000 1 712 900 645 311 5 252 500 526 500 214 559 2 489 539 1 759 754

100.0 30.3 51.6 16.0 7.3 2.8 22.4 2.2 0.9 10.6 7.5

4 280.8 1 296.0 2 208.6 682.9 312.9 117.9 959.5 96.2 39.2 454.8 321.5

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

23 813 423 9 478 166 14 335 257

100.0 39.8 60.2

4 350.3 1 731.5 2 618.8

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

8 664 093 5 769 188 697 378 607 032 1 708 811 109 852 906 725 451 004 59 379 568 519 805 769 3 465 673

36.4 24.2 2.9 2.5 7.2 0.5 3.8 1.9 0.2 2.4 3.4 14.6

1 582.8 1 053.9 127.4 110.9 312.2 20.1 165.6 82.4 10.8 103.9 147.2 633.1

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

14 801 308

X

2 703.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

69 017 013

X

12 608.2

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

528

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WI-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.)

Educational Attainment, 2004 Item

State

U.S.

100 3 540

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

88.8 25.6

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

881 231 28.4 3.0 2 232 15.1 9 004

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

1.9

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

330 600 29 645 58.1

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Wisconsin

75

Percent

Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

The proportion of Wisconsin residents age 25 years and over holding high school diplomas was 88.8 percent in 2004, ranking 14th in the nation. Just under 26 percent of the population in this age group held bachelor’s degrees or more; this proportion ranked 25th in the country. Expenditures per student, at $9,004, were well above the national average and ranked 12th in the country. Wisconsin’s student/teacher ratio was slightly below average. The state’s dropout rate of 1.9 percent was the lowest of the 46 states reporting such data. Just over 28 percent of students were eligible for free or reducedprice lunch, which was well below the national average.

Voter turnout rates for both the 2000 and 2004 elections were among the highest in the country. In 2000, Wisconsin had the fourth largest voter participation rate, with 67.8 percent of eligible voters casting ballots. This rate increased to 73 percent in 2004, giving the state the second highest proportion of voters in the nation (behind only its neighbor, Minnesota). According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, 47.8 percent of Wisconsin’s eligible residents voted for the Democratic presidential candidate, and 47.6 percent cast ballots for the Republican presidential candidate in 2000. The proportions were 49.7 percent for the Democratic candidate and 49.3 percent for the Republican candidate in 2004.

Table WI-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

3 884 1 912 1 972

3 755 1 822 1 932

96.7 95.3 98.0

2 970 1 420 1 551

76.5 74.3 78.6

2 632 1 266 1 367

67.8 66.2 69.3

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

4 126 2 017 2 109

3 928 1 918 2 010

95.2 95.1 95.3

3 225 1 551 1 675

78.2 76.9 79.4

3 010 1 449 1 561

73.0 71.9 74.0

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

3 793 3 601 195 85 203 3 825 3 628 204 86

3 640 3 546 191 46 99 3 669 3 574 201 48

96.0 98.5 98.3 B 48.7 95.9 98.5 98.4 B

3 019 2 952 141 24 72 3 042 2 973 149 26

79.6 82.0 72.6 B 35.5 79.5 81.9 73.0 B

2 816 2 754 133 24 67 2 838 2 774 140 26

74.2 76.5 68.1 B 33.0 74.2 76.5 68.7 B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

524 1 548 1 359 363 332

478 1 427 1 341 353 329

91.3 92.2 98.7 97.2 99.0

330 1 133 1 165 314 284

63.0 73.2 85.7 86.3 85.5

301 1 059 1 103 295 252

57.5 68.4 81.2 81.2 75.8

NOVEMBER 2004

1May be of any race.

B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

WYOMING At a Glance: •

Wyoming was the smallest state in the country in terms of population, but the ninth largest in terms of land area. Its population density was the second smallest in the nation, behind only Alaska. Nearly 87 percent of the state’s population was non-Hispanic White (the ninth largest proportion of this racial group in the nation) and 2.2 percent was American Indian (the eighth largest proportion of this racial group in the nation). Wyoming had a below average proportion of its population under 18 years old and the ninth highest median age in the country. Wyoming’s median household income of $45,456 was above average, ranking 20th in the nation. The state’s poverty rate of 9.9 percent was correspondently low. Economic growth in Wyoming was somewhat atypical, as its real gross state product (GSP) expanded strongly in 2001 and 2002, but subsequently slowed. The state’s GSP was the third smallest in the country in 2004. Wyoming’s unemployment rate in 2004 was 3.9 percent, the eighth lowest in the country Nearly 92 percent of Wyoming’s residents age 25 years and over held high school diplomas, giving the state the second highest proportion of high school graduates in the nation.

•

• • •

•

Table WY-1. Population by Sex and Age, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Sex and age

1990

2000

Percent distribution, 2004

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Total Population ................................................................... Percent of total U.S. population .............................................

453 588 0.2

493 782 0.2

506 529 0.2

X X

0.6 X

Sex Male ....................................................................................... Female ...................................................................................

227 007 226 581

248 374 245 408

255 056 251 473

50.4 49.6

0.7 0.6

Age Under 5 years ........................................................................ 5 to 17 years .......................................................................... 18 years and over .................................................................. 18 to 24 years .................................................................... 25 to 44 years .................................................................... 45 to 64 years .................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................. 85 years and over ..........................................................

34 780 100 745 80 987 318 063 41 386 148 495 47 195 4 550

30 940 97 933 364 909 49 928 138 619 118 669 57 693 6 735

30 867 86 065 389 597 57 231 130 452 140 801 61 113 7 374

6.1 17.0 76.9 11.3 25.8 27.8 12.1 1.5

-1.0 -1.1 1.5 2.3 -0.9 4.1 1.9 3.7

Median age (years) ................................................................

32.0

36.2

38.0

X

X

X = Not applicable.

POPULATION

Average Annual Rate of Population Growth, 1980–2004 Percent change per year

1.5 1.2 1.0

1.1 0.9

0.9

0.6 0.5

0.0 United States Wyoming

-0.3 -0.5 1980–1990

1990–2000

2000–2004

Wyoming had the smallest population and was the most sparsely populated state after Alaska. Its population increased by 2.6 percent between 2000 and 2004. This rate of growth was in line with the rates of Montana and South Dakota, but below the rates of the other Rocky Mountain states, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho. Unlike its neighbors, Wyoming did not benefit substantially from an influx of new residents from other locations. Just 3,220 new residents moved to Wyoming from abroad and from other states. Cheyenne and Casper were Wyoming’s largest cities.

Year

529

530

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WY-2. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent.) Race and Hispanic origin

1990

2000

2004

Total Population ...................................................................

453 588

493 782

506 529

Non-Hispanic (Percent) One race1 White .................................................................................. Black .................................................................................. American Indian, Alaska Native 2 ....................................... Asian and Pacific Islander2 ................................................ Other race2 ........................................................................ Two or more races .................................................................

91.0 0.8 2.1 0.6 2.3 ...

89.1 0.7 2.1 0.6 ... 1.0

88.6 0.8 2.2 0.7 ... 1.1

Hispanic or Latino3 (Percent) .............................................

5.7

6.4

6.7

1Individuals could report only one race in the 1990 census 2Data for 1990 include people of Hispanic or Latino origin. 3May be of any race.

and could report one or more races on the 2000 census. Data on race in 2000 and 2004 are not comparable to 1990.

. . . = Not available.

Minority Population as a Percent of Total Population, 2004

Rate (per 100,000 population)

Age-Adjusted Death Rates, Average 2000–2002

Percent

12 American Indian, Alaska Native Hispanic or Latino (may be of any race)

8

Asian and Pacific Islander 4

Non-Hispanic Black Two or more races

0

1,000 United States Wyoming 750

500

250

0

Note: Minority population includes all categories, except non-Hispanic White.

HEALTH The rate of health insurance coverage for Wyoming’s residents was above the national average, with only 14 percent of the population lacking health insurance. The state’s infant mortality rate and age-adjusted death rates were also close to the national averages. Wyoming’s birth rate was below average. Table WY-3. Health Characteristics, 2000–2004 (Number, rate, percent.) Item

State

U.S.

Births, 2003–2004 Number of births ........................................................................ Birth rate (per 1,000 population) ................................................ Teenage birth rate (per 1,000 women age 15–19 years) ..........

6 700 13.4 40.8

Mortality Rates, Average 2000–2002 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) ................................. Age-adjusted mortality rate (per 100,000 population) All races ................................................................................. Non-Hispanic White ............................................................... Black ...................................................................................... American Indian, Alaska Native ............................................. Asian and Pacific Islander ..................................................... Hispanic or Latino1 ................................................................

6.5

6.9

854.9 848.8 822.6 1 266.5 ... 800.8

853.3 843.1 1 097.7 687.0 486.0 642.7

Health Insurance, 2004 Percent of all persons without health insurance ........................ Percent of children without health insurance ............................. Percent of low-income children without health insurance ..........

14.0 9.7 4.4

15.7 11.2 7.1

1May be of any race.

. . . = Not available.

4 089 950 14.1 41.6

All causes

Cancer

Cardiovascular disease

Table WY-4. Leading Causes of Death, Average 2000–2002 (Number, rate per 100,000 population.) Cause

Number of deaths

Age-adjusted death rates State

U.S.

ALL CAUSES ...................................................

4 041

854.9

853.3

Leading Causes Major cardiovascular diseases .......................... Cancer ............................................................... Chronic lower respiratory diseases ................... Unintentional injuries ......................................... Diabetes (underlying cause) .............................. Influenza and pneumonia .................................. Alzheimer’s disease .......................................... Motor vehicle accidents ..................................... Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis .. Septicemia ......................................................... Suicides ............................................................. Firearm-related .................................................. Cirrhosis ............................................................ Drug-induced ..................................................... Alcohol-induced ................................................. Homicides .......................................................... Falls ................................................................... HIV .................................................................... Viral hepatitis ..................................................... Anemias ............................................................ Drownings ......................................................... Fire deaths ........................................................

1 329 883 292 269 125 124 113 133 47 39 90 74 56 29 64 16 25 * 8 7 13 *

284.3 184.4 62.5 54.8 26.5 26.9 24.7 26.7 10.1 8.4 18.0 14.8 11.1 6.1 12.4 3.4 5.3 * 1.6 1.6 2.5 *

326.5 196.0 43.7 35.7 25.2 22.7 19.0 15.0 13.8 11.4 10.7 10.3 9.5 7.9 6.9 6.0 5.2 5.0 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.2

Note: The rates are age-adjusted to the U.S. 2000 standard population. * = Unreliable data.

WYOMING

531

Table WY-5. Households and Housing Characteristics, 1990, 2000, and 2004 (Number, percent, and dollars.) Characteristic

1990

2000

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

Total Households .................................................................... Family households .................................................................... Married-couple family ............................................................ Other family ........................................................................... Male householder, no wife present ................................... Female householder, no husband present ........................ Nonfamily households ............................................................... Householder living alone ....................................................... Householder not living alone .................................................

168 839 119 825 100 800 19 025 5 035 13 990 49 014 41 287 7 727

193 608 130 497 106 179 24 318 7 481 16 837 63 111 50 980 12 131

202 496 131 438 107 295 24 143 7 518 16 625 71 058 56 807 14 251

1.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 3.0 2.7 4.1

Housing Characteristics Average size ............................................................................. Housing units ............................................................................ Occupied housing units ............................................................. Owner-occupied .................................................................... Renter-occupied ....................................................................

2.63 203 411 168 839 114 544 54 295

2.48 223 854 193 608 135 514 58 094

2.43 232 637 202 496 141 619 60 877

X 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2

Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units (dollars) ... Median value of owner-occupied housing units (dollars) ..........

333 61 600

437 96 600

534 119 654

5.1 5.5

X = Not applicable.

Median Household Income, 1984–2004 (2004 Dollars)

Median Housing Value and Median Rent, 2004 200,000

United States Wyoming

50,000

1,000

100,000

500

50,000

Dollars

750

Dollars

Dollars

40,000

150,000

30,000 20,000

United States Wyoming

10,000

250

0

0

1984

0 Value of owneroccupied units

1988

Gross rent

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Table WY-6. Household Income and Poverty Status, 1980–2004 (2004 CPI-U-RS adjusted dollars, rate.) State Year

Median household income (2004 dollars)

U.S. Median household income (2004 dollars)

Poverty rate

Poverty rate

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

45 456 43 699 41 767 42 384 43 469

9.9 9.8 9.0 8.7 10.8

44 389 44 482 44 546 45 062 46 058

12.7 12.5 12.1 11.7 11.3

1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

42 221 40 796 39 226 37 103 38 808 41 782 37 901 39 858 39 290 41 286

11.6 10.6 13.5 11.9 12.2 9.3 13.3 10.3 9.9 11.0

46 129 45 003 43 430 42 544 41 943 40 677 40 217 40 422 40 746 41 963

11.9 12.7 13.3 13.7 13.8 14.5 15.1 14.8 14.2 13.5

1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980

....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................

43 429 40 535 43 873 38 739 36 972 41 206 ... ... ... ...

10.9 9.6 10.8 14.6 12.0 10.9 12.6 12.0 8.9 10.4

42 524 41 771 41 322 40 939 39 545 38 782 ... ... ... ...

12.8 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.4 15.2 15.0 14.0 13.0

. . . = Not available.

532

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WY-7. Employment Status by Demographic Group, 2004 (Numbers in thousands, rate.) Civilian labor force

Civilian noninstitutional population

Characteristic

Unemployment rate

Employed Number

Participation rate

SEX AND AGE Total ...................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

395 34 38 59 66 81 56 60

282 20 30 51 57 71 39 12

71.3 59.7 79.4 85.5 87.5 87.6 69.5 20.6

271 18 28 48 56 70 38 12

3.8 11.2 6.4 4.8 3.0 1.8 2.2 1.2

Men ....................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

196 18 19 29 32 41 29 27

151 11 16 28 30 37 22 7

77.3 57.7 85.7 95.8 92.0 91.9 76.2 26.4

146 9 15 27 29 37 22 7

3.4 10.9 6.3 4.1 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.3

Women ................................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................

199 15 20 30 33 41 27

130 9 14 23 28 34 17

65.3 62.2 73.4 75.4 83.1 83.2 62.5

125 8 14 21 27 33 17

4.2 11.4 6.5 5.6 3.1 2.2 3.0

118 116 16

95 78 12

80.6 67.4 75.7

94 76 11

1.5 2.6 7.3

White ..................................................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

379 188 191

270 145 125

71.3 77.2 65.4

260 140 120

3.5 3.3 3.9

Hispanic or Latino 1 ............................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................

25 13 12

18 10 8

71.7 78.1 64.6

17 10 7

4.6 4.1 5.3

32 37 56 62 78 54 59

19 29 48 54 69 38 12

59.9 79.3 85.7 87.5 88.1 70.0 20.9

17 27 46 53 68 37 12

11.3 6.5 4.0 2.8 1.5 2.2 1.3

MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ................ Married women, spouse present ........... Women who maintain families ............... RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND AGE White 16 to 19 years ........................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................

Note: Data in Table 7 are from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and do not match Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates in Table 8. See notes and definitions for more details. 1May

be of any race.

Table WY-8. Employment Status, 1990–2004

Unemployment Rate, 1980–2004

(Numbers in thousands, rate.) Year

Civilian labor force

Employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

12.0 United States

281 847 277 399 272 518 270 214 266 862

270 810 265 200 261 357 259 750 256 616

11 037 12 199 11 161 10 464 10 246

3.9 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8

1999 .................................. 1998 .................................. 1997 .................................. 1996 .................................. 1995 .................................. 1994 .................................. 1993 .................................. 1992 .................................. 1991 .................................. 1990 ..................................

264 676 260 570 256 263 254 717 253 196 249 475 242 599 238 076 235 124 236 043

251 828 247 748 243 944 241 560 240 846 236 885 229 177 224 562 223 192 223 531

12 848 12 822 12 319 13 157 12 350 12 590 13 422 13 514 11 932 12 512

4.9 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3

Note: Population age 16 years and over.

Wyoming

9.0

Percent

2004 .................................. 2003 .................................. 2002 .................................. 2001 .................................. 2000 ..................................

6.0

3.0

0.0 1980

1984

1988

1992

Year

1996

2000

2004

WYOMING

533

Table WY-9. Employment and Average Wages by Industry, 2001–2004 (Estimates are based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System [NAICS].) Industry

2001

2002

2003

Annual average percent change, 2001–2004

2004

Number of jobs TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY PLACE OF WORK ......................... Farm Employment ...................................................................... Nonfarm Employment ................................................................ Private employment ..................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

333 030 12 345 320 685 255 324 2 821 20 709 D 27 226 11 468 5 967 5 501 7 814 39 550 D D 10 218 11 703 14 169 938 11 380 2 394 23 811 6 895 28 605 D 65 361

337 221 12 587 324 634 258 520 3 101 20 350 D D D D D 8 023 39 618 D D 10 777 11 956 14 270 894 11 563 2 578 24 266 6 242 30 139 D 66 114

341 801 12 167 329 634 262 667 2 786 21 582 2 205 27 535 10 714 D D 7 961 39 584 11 746 4 911 10 930 12 433 14 459 648 12 171 2 811 25 284 6 331 30 706 17 870 66 967

349 707 12 224 337 483 270 010 2 746 23 785 2 270 27 388 10 886 D D 8 357 40 041 12 245 5 043 11 074 13 184 14 882 858 11 827 3 028 26 165 6 538 31 490 18 203 67 473

1.6 -0.3 1.7 1.9 -0.9 4.7 ... 0.2 -1.7 ... ... 2.3 0.4 ... ... 2.7 4.1 1.6 -2.9 1.3 8.1 3.2 -1.8 3.3 ... 1.1

31 183 21 982 31 300 30 855 20 594 58 585 65 421 33 247 38 871 D D 41 357 20 733 42 549 30 775 37 786 26 714 38 323 80 465 21 895 20 175 30 172 16 917 13 601 19 832 32 611

3.9 0.7 3.9 3.4 -1.0 3.3 ... 1.4 2.1 ... ... 4.1 3.5 ... ... 0.6 6.7 3.8 24.8 2.5 4.1 4.3 3.2 5.3 ... 5.3

Dollars AVERAGE WAGES AND SALARIES BY PLACE OF WORK ... Farm Earnings ............................................................................ Nonfarm Earnings ...................................................................... Private earnings ........................................................................... Forestry, fishing, hunting, and other 1 ...................................... Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing .......................................................................... Durable goods manufacturing .............................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing ........................................ Wholesale trade ....................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ............................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services ......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................ Administrative and waste services ........................................... Educational services ................................................................ Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services .......................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Government and government enterprises ....................................

27 810 21 550 27 894 27 892 21 256 53 088 D 31 869 36 505 30 136 42 870 36 706 18 718 D D 37 097 22 002 34 268 41 397 20 316 17 895 26 629 15 403 11 656 D 27 898

28 838 24 876 28 892 28 512 21 810 54 790 D D D D D 36 934 19 307 D D 35 324 24 212 36 365 50 946 19 464 22 079 27 909 14 594 12 391 D 30 001

29 784 23 081 29 870 29 363 20 674 56 196 64 126 32 950 37 317 D D 38 687 19 902 41 543 28 959 37 370 24 789 36 140 73 566 20 553 19 514 29 081 15 639 12 792 19 433 31 339

Note: Average wages and salaries are a calculation by the editors of wage and salary disbursements divided by full- and part-time wage and salary employment. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1 "Other" consists of the number of jobs held by U.S. residents employed by international organizations and foreign embassies and consulates in the United States.

D = Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. . . . = Not available.

LABOR MARKET Wyoming’s unemployment rate has been well below the national average for many years. Together with the state’s high labor force participation rate, this indicated a healthy labor market. Employment growth was high relative to the rest of the country throughout the 2001–2004 period. Wyoming experienced job gains in many serviceproviding industries, particularly in those associated with tourism, recreational activities, educational services, and health care. Growth in government employment also helped offset the sluggish performance of the retail trade sector, which was Wyoming’s second largest employer. Average wages and salaries were below the national average, but their rate of growth was the fifth highest in the country.

Employment by Industry, 2004

19.3%

Government and government enterprises Retail trade

38.1%

Accommodation and food services

11.4%

Construction Health care and social assistance

9.0% 6.8%

7.5%

7.8%

Mining Other

534

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WY-10. Personal Income by Major Source, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, except where noted.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

Earnings by Place of Work ................................................. Wage and salary disbursements ........................................... Supplements to wages and salaries ...................................... Proprietors’ income 1 .............................................................. Farm proprietors’ income ................................................... Nonfarm proprietors’ income ............................................. (-) Contributions for government social insurance 2 ............... (+) Adjustment for residence3 ................................................ (=) Net Earnings by Place of Residence ............................ (+) Dividends, interest, and rent4 ........................................... (+) Personal current transfer receipts .................................... Personal income .................................................................... Farm income ...................................................................... Nonfarm income ................................................................

4 761 3 534 648 580 24 556 442 -77 4 243 922 392 5 556 5 475 81

6 064 4 222 924 917 94 824 671 -12 5 381 1 881 906 8 167 8 022 145

9 692 6 763 1 422 1 506 32 1 474 1 051 13 8 653 3 706 1 704 14 063 13 953 110

10 520 7 226 1 538 1 756 65 1 691 1 132 6 9 394 3 733 1 846 14 972 14 828 144

10 910 7 569 1 718 1 622 -1 1 624 1 181 5 9 734 3 754 1 994 15 481 15 390 91

11 555 7 881 1 876 1 797 71 1 726 1 233 3 10 325 3 770 2 131 16 226 16 074 153

12 427 8 405 2 076 1 946 34 1 912 1 321 4 11 110 3 944 2 269 17 323 17 210 113

6.4 5.6 9.9 6.6 1.2 6.7 5.9 -25.5 6.4 1.6 7.4 5.3 5.4 0.6

Per Capita Personal Income (Dollars)5 ..............................

11 718

18 002

28 460

30 301

31 013

32 316

34 199

4.7

Note: Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding. 1Proprietors’ income includes the inventory valuation adjustment and the capital consumption adjustment. 2Contributions for government social insurance are included in earnings by type and industry, but they are excluded from personal income. 3The adjustment for residence is the net inflow of the earnings of interarea commuters. 4Rental income of persons includes the capital consumption adjustment. 5Per capita personal income is total personal income divided by total midyear population.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Per Capita Personal Income, 1980–2004 (Current Dollars) 40,000 United States Wyoming

Dollars

30,000

20,000

10,000

0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

Year

Contrary to the pattern of most other states, Wyoming’s real gross state product (GSP) expanded strongly in 2001 and 2002, before slowing down substantially in the following two years. During the 2003–2004 period, the state’s GSP growth rate ranked only 40th in the nation. Contributing to this lackluster performance were declines in agricultural and related industries. Gains in mining, construction, retail trade, and real estate and related activities gave the GSP a net increase. Housing prices increased at a below average rate. In 2004, Wyoming’s median value of owner-occupied housing of $119,654 ranked 30th in the country.

Table WY-11. Real Gross State Product, 1997–2004 (Millions of chained 2000 dollars, percent.)

Industry

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

GROSS STATE PRODUCT .................................................. As a percent of U.S. gross product ....................................

16 001 0.2

16 261 0.2

17 173 0.2

17 427 0.2

18 417 0.2

19 533 0.2

19 940 0.2

20 589 0.2

3.8 X

Private Industries ................................................................. Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .............................. Mining .................................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................... Construction ........................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................ As a percent of gross state product ................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................ Transportation and warehousing ........................................... Information ............................................................................. Finance and insurance .......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................ Services ................................................................................. As a percent of gross state product ............................... Professional and technical services ................................... Management of companies and enterprises ...................... Administrative and waste services ..................................... Educational services .......................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................... Accommodation and food services .................................... Other services, except public administration ..................... Government .......................................................................... As a percent of gross state product ...................................

13 507 326 3 316 867 928 917 5.7 568 1 014 1 015 254 562 1 315 2 410 15.1 425 84 218 26 647 144 530 336 2 492 15.6

13 739 251 3 278 838 961 967 5.9 622 1 066 1 012 283 586 1 403 2 468 15.2 452 65 229 28 660 156 533 345 2 519 15.5

14 620 354 3 579 901 1 016 998 5.8 630 1 120 1 049 353 541 1 470 2 606 15.2 504 62 269 28 691 159 554 339 2 553 14.9

14 835 373 3 667 852 1 005 1 144 6.6 642 1 130 1 036 344 527 1 487 2 628 15.1 501 57 245 30 742 155 563 335 2 592 14.9

15 747 366 3 977 823 1 059 1 266 6.9 761 1 223 1 076 327 559 1 602 2 718 14.8 559 47 259 34 782 157 547 333 2 670 14.5

16 777 366 4 443 857 1 063 1 260 6.5 794 1 337 1 142 339 602 1 706 2 886 14.8 591 51 261 41 831 153 617 341 2 757 14.1

17 123 426 4 387 936 1 048 1 259 6.3 786 1 410 1 225 370 589 1 726 2 993 15.0 604 55 285 35 883 157 635 339 2 818 14.1

17 671 284 4 449 978 1 018 1 285 6.2 859 1 494 1 290 429 618 1 887 3 157 15.3 633 80 276 36 922 166 687 357 2 919 14.2

3.9 -8.1 3.8 5.9 -1.3 0.5 X 4.1 6.9 6.2 9.5 3.4 5.6 5.1 X 4.2 19.4 2.1 1.9 5.6 1.9 7.9 2.3 3.0 X

X = Not applicable.

WYOMING

535

Table WY-12. Government Transfer Payments, Selected Years 1980–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent.)

Item

1980

1990

2000

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2000–2004

2004

CURRENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS ................

356

838

1 583

1 715

1 879

2 025

2 162

8.1

Retirement and Disability Insurance Benefits ............................. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) benefits ......... Railroad retirement and disability benefits ........................................ Workers’ compensation .................................................................... Other government retirement and disability insurance benefits .......

224 169 25 26 5

485 388 36 56 5

826 690 45 87 3

884 737 47 97 3

933 778 49 103 3

972 810 50 108 3

1 022 854 51 113 3

5.5 5.5 3.0 6.8 -2.0

Medical Benefits ............................................................................. Medicare benefits ............................................................................. Public assistance medical care benefits ........................................... Military medical insurance benefits ...................................................

62 44 16 1

213 128 79 5

533 293 225 15

604 326 257 20

673 350 298 25

733 372 342 20

827 412 392 23

11.6 8.8 14.9 12.7

Income Maintenance Benefits ....................................................... Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits .................................. Family assistance ............................................................................. Food stamps ..................................................................................... Other income maintenance benefits .................................................

25 3 9 7 6

68 10 21 21 17

122 24 25 19 55

114 25 13 20 56

131 25 22 22 62

164 26 44 24 71

165 27 36 26 76

7.8 2.6 9.9 8.1 8.7 14.4

Unemployment Insurance Compensation ....................................

14

23

28

29

50

62

47

Veterans’ Benefits ..........................................................................

25

29

52

55

60

65

70

7.6

Federal Education and Training Assistance ................................

5

18

19

25

27

26

27

9.2

Other Payments to Individuals ......................................................

1

2

2

4

4

4

3

9.6

Note: See notes and definitions for more details. Data may not add to total or may appear as zero due to rounding.

EXPORTS

Leading Exports, 2004

Wyoming was the country’s third smallest exporter, behind both Montana and Hawaii. In 2004, the state’s total exports amounted to just $680 million. Chemical manufactures accounted for over 70 percent, or $480 million, of the state’s exports. Mining products and machinery manufactures were also among Wyoming’s top five export products. The state’s primary export markets were Canada, Mexico, and Japan. Exports to Canada increased by over 72 percent from 2001 to 2004. Indonesia became Wyoming’s fourth leading export market in 2004.

Other 5.0% Fabricated metal products 1.4%

Chemicals 70.5%

Computers and electronic products 1.9% Machinery 5.2% Mining 15.9%

Table WY-13. Exports of Goods by Leading Products and Destinations, 2001–2004 (Millions of dollars, percent, rank based on 2004 dollar values.)

Product and market

2001

2002

2003

Average annual percent change, 2001–2004

Percent share of total, 2004

2004

Total Goods Total ....................................................................................... Manufactures ......................................................................... Agriculture and livestock ........................................................ Other commodities .................................................................

503 432 63 9

553 463 79 11

582 506 61 15

680 561 111 9

100.0 82.4 16.3 1.3

10.6 9.1 21.0 0.8

Five Leading Exports (NAICS Code) Chemical manufactures (325) ................................................ Mining (212) ........................................................................... Machinery manufactures (333) .............................................. Computers and electronic products (334) .............................. Fabricated metal products (332) ............................................

387 58 12 8 8

419 76 15 6 8

438 58 20 21 9

480 108 35 13 10

70.5 15.9 5.2 1.9 1.4

7.4 23.0 43.0 16.4 6.6

Five Leading Markets Canada .................................................................................. Mexico ................................................................................... Japan ..................................................................................... Indonesia ............................................................................... Chile .......................................................................................

114 52 49 17 25

141 57 56 28 25

137 63 45 27 29

196 71 51 33 26

28.7 10.4 7.5 4.8 3.8

19.9 11.0 0.9 25.1 1.9

536

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AGRICULTURE

Table WY-14. Agriculture, 1997 and 2002 (Number, acres, and dollars.) Item

1997

Number of farms ............................................................................. 9 443 Land in farms (acres) ...................................................................... 34 302 475 Farm Size Average size of farm (acres) ........................................................... Farms by size (percent distribution) Fewer than 50 acres ................................................................... 50 to 499 acres ........................................................................... 500 acres or more .......................................................................

2002

9 422 34 402 726

3 633

3 651

17.2 33.1 49.7

21.4 34.1 44.5

803 958 224 61 541

1 080 945 290 74 757

904 576 181 026 723 549 95 793

863 887 137 776 726 111 91 688

38.6 41.3 20.1

46.8 34.1 19.2

Government Payments Payments (thousands of dollars) .................................................... Percent of farms receiving government payments .........................

17 388 25.7

37 913 33.6

Farm operators whose principal occupation is farming (percent) ...

59.6

61.1

Market Value of Land and Equipment (Dollars) Land and buildings average value per farm .................................... Average value per acre ............................................................... Machinery and equipment average value per farm ........................ Value of Sales (Thousands of Dollars) Agricultural products sold ............................................................... Crops .......................................................................................... Livestock, poultry, and their products ......................................... Average per farm (dollars) .............................................................. Value of sales (percent distribution) Less than $10,000 ...................................................................... $10,000 to $99,999 ..................................................................... $100,000 or more .......................................................................

Energy Consumption by Source, 2001

Cash receipts from farming totaled $863.9 million in 2002, according to the Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture. This was the 38th highest total in the country and reflected a modest decline from the previous farm census in 1997. The state’s chief agricultural product was cattle. As with many western states, farming was relatively large-scale: over half of all farms had sales of over $10,000, and 61.1 percent of all farm operators regarded farming as their principal occupation. More than 44 percent of farms spanned 500 acres or more. ENERGY Wyoming’s energy prices were among the five lowest in the country in 2001. However, the state’s per capita energy consumption ranked second in the nation, and energy expenditures per person were the highest in the country. The industrial sector accounted for over 54 percent of Wyoming’s energy consumption. The chief sources of energy were coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001

Trillion of Btu

750

Residential 9.0%

500

Transportation 25.3%

250

0 -250 -500 Petroleum Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear electric power

Wood and waste

Hydroelectric power

Industrial 54.2%

Net interstate flow of electricity/ losses

Commercial 11.6%

Table WY-15. Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Prices, Selected Years 1960–2001 (Dollars, Btu [British Thermal Unit], percent distribution.) Item

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2001

Total Consumption (Billion Btu) ........................ Consumption per capita (million Btu) ....................

141 567 429.0

172 930 520.9

255 490 768.6

277 409 726.8

362 640 772.3

357 859 716.2

402 854 888.1

404 938 846.4

431 284 873.4

439 142 889.5

Consumption by Sector (Percent Distribution) Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

11.7 6.3 52.8 29.2

10.9 9.5 53.9 25.6

12.0 9.6 55.9 22.5

9.7 7.7 58.8 23.8

8.6 6.6 60.5 24.4

11.2 11.4 58.2 19.2

8.8 10.0 61.1 20.1

9.5 10.5 56.3 23.7

9.2 11.4 54.2 25.3

9.0 11.6 54.2 25.3

Consumption by Source (Billion Btu) Coal ...................................................................... Natural gas ........................................................... Petroleum ............................................................. Nuclear electric power .......................................... Hydroelectric power 1 ............................................. Wood and waste ................................................... Other ..................................................................... Net interstate flow of electricity/losses 2 ................

15 763 52 828 75 708 0 6 552 1 623 0 -10 907

34 454 54 805 86 690 0 9 243 1 550 0 -13 812

63 488 112 526 102 684 0 10 562 1 566 0 -35 337

128 034 81 434 129 641 0 11 657 1 569 0 -74 925

268 122 73 114 173 563 0 11 511 2 740 0 -166 411

405 502 86 363 117 492 0 11 157 3 566 30 -266 250

459 772 101 316 122 817 0 6 705 2 049 651 -290 457

463 535 103 847 129 699 0 8 234 1 565 651 -302 593

506 144 105 974 146 474 0 10 314 1 195 3 182 -341 998

500 212 103 990 156 954 0 8 944 1 009 4 388 -336 355

Total Expenditures (Thousands of Dollars) ..... Expenditures per capita (dollars) ..........................

... ...

... ...

227 300 684

470 600 1 233

1 401 900 2 986

1 447 700 2 897

1 515 800 3 342

1 659 300 3 468

2 162 000 4 378

2 321 600 4 702

Prices by Sector (Dollars Per Million Btu) Total ...................................................................... Residential ............................................................ Commercial ........................................................... Industrial ............................................................... Transportation .......................................................

... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... ... ...

1.33 1.44 1.10 0.76 2.19

2.55 2.77 1.86 1.67 3.95

5.86 5.63 5.86 3.85 8.94

6.78 8.13 8.58 5.18 8.26

6.50 8.47 8.31 4.44 8.56

6.16 8.67 7.88 4.06 8.29

7.86 10.44 9.06 4.86 11.14

8.46 12.32 10.44 5.79 10.58

1A negative number in this row results from pumped storage for which, overall, more electricity is expended than created to provide electricity during peak demand periods. 2Net interstate flow of electricity is the difference between the amount of energy in the electricity sold within a state (including associated losses) and the energy input at the

electric utilities within the state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state. . . . = Not available.

WYOMING

537

Table WY-16. State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita

Item

Thousands of dollars

Percent distribution State

U.S.

TOTAL TAXES ...........................................................................

1 504 777

100.0

2 968.0

Property Taxes ..........................................................................

139 809

9.3

275.8

38.9

Sales and Gross Receipts ....................................................... General sales and gross receipts ................................................ Selective sales taxes ................................................................... Insurance premiums ................................................................ Motor fuels ............................................................................... Tobacco products ....................................................................

574 004 462 842 111 162 18 034 69 975 18 578

38.1 30.8 7.4 1.2 4.7 1.2

1 132.2 912.9 219.2 35.6 138.0 36.6

1 003.4 677.0 326.4 47.0 114.6 42.0

Licenses ..................................................................................... Hunting and fishing ...................................................................... Motor vehicle .............................................................................. Occupation and business, not elsewhere classified ....................

101 712 27 801 50 784 14 888

6.8 1.8 3.4 1.0

200.6 54.8 100.2 29.4

134.9 4.2 59.4 37.1

Other Taxes ................................................................................ Severance ...................................................................................

689 252 683 208

45.8 45.4

1 359.5 1 347.6

847.6 21.5

GOVERNMENT FINANCE

2 024.8

Per Capita State Taxes, Fiscal 2004 3,500 3,000

United States Wyoming

2,500

Dollars

Wyoming’s revenues per person of $7,177 were almost twice the national average in 2003 and ranked as the second highest in the country. The state’s per capita expenditures of $5,740 were the third highest in the nation, but well below revenues. Spending per capita was above average on education, natural resources, health, and highways, and below average on public welfare and hospitals. Taxes in fiscal year 2004 were primarily derived from severance (taxes on the removal of natural resources, a prominent tax in many western states), general sales taxes, and motor fuels taxes. Wyoming had no individual income or corporate income taxes. The state’s property taxes were the fourth highest of the 37 states with such taxes.

2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Total taxes

Property taxes

Sales and gross receipts

Table WY-17. State Government Finances, 2003 (Dollars, percent distribution.) Dollars per capita Item

Millions of dollars

Percent distribution

State

U.S.

GENERAL REVENUE ................................................................ Intergovernmental revenue ......................................................... Taxes ........................................................................................... General sales .......................................................................... Selective sales ........................................................................ License taxes .......................................................................... Individual income tax ............................................................... Corporate income tax .............................................................. Other taxes .............................................................................. Current charges ........................................................................... Miscellaneous general revenue ...................................................

3 602 966 1 798 192 1 217 154 425 244 91 406 98 315 0 0 602 189 121 475 466 145

100.0 49.9 33.8 11.8 2.5 2.7 0.0 0.0 16.7 3.4 12.9

7 177.2 3 582.1 2 424.6 847.1 182.1 195.8 0.0 0.0 1 199.6 242.0 928.6

3 832.6 1 246.0 1 891.6 636.0 307.4 123.6 626.8 97.8 99.9 366.5 328.6

GENERAL EXPENDITURE ........................................................ Intergovernmental expenditure .................................................... Direct expenditure .......................................................................

2 881 398 952 705 1 928 693

100.0 33.1 66.9

5 739.8 1 897.8 3 842.0

4 010.5 1 316.9 2 693.6

Expenditure by Function Education .................................................................................... Public welfare .............................................................................. Hospitals ...................................................................................... Health .......................................................................................... Highways ..................................................................................... Police protection .......................................................................... Correction .................................................................................... Natural resources ........................................................................ Parks and recreation ................................................................... Government administration ......................................................... Interest on general debt .............................................................. Other and unallocable .................................................................

955 240 445 458 34 498 126 226 441 804 27 714 89 551 194 431 26 021 116 315 65 303 358 837

33.2 15.5 1.2 4.4 15.3 1.0 3.1 6.7 0.9 4.0 2.3 12.5

1 902.9 887.4 68.7 251.4 880.1 55.2 178.4 387.3 51.8 231.7 130.1 714.8

1 416.4 1 083.3 132.3 173.0 295.4 38.4 135.0 64.0 20.1 151.3 107.8 393.4

DEBT AT END OF FISCAL YEAR .............................................

1 111 385

X

2 213.9

2 404.7

CASH AND SECURITY HOLDINGS ..........................................

10 480 143

X

20 876.8

8 938.4

X = Not applicable.

538

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Table WY-18. Education Indicators, 2000–2004 (Percent, number.) Item

State

Educational Attainment, 2004

U.S.

100 Total Population 25 Years and Over (Thousands), 2004 .....

317

186 877

Educational Attainment, 2004 Percent high school graduate or more ...................................... Percent college graduate or more .............................................

91.9 22.5

85.2 27.7

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 2002–2003 Total students ............................................................................ Percent of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunch .. Percent of students who were English language learners ..... Total schools ............................................................................. Student/teacher ratio ................................................................. Per student expenditures ...........................................................

88 116 31.2 4.0 389 13.3 8 985

48 202 324 40.6 7.8 92 330 15.9 8 041

Dropouts, Grades 9–12, 2000–2001 (Percent) .......................

5.8

...

Higher Education, 2002–2003 Total enrollment ......................................................................... Bachelor’s degrees awarded ..................................................... Percent women ......................................................................

32 657 1 739 56.8

17 035 027 1 348 503 57.5

United States Wyoming

Percent

75

50

25

0 High school graduate or more

Bachelor's degree or more

Attainment level Note: Persons 25 years and over.

. . . = Not available.

EDUCATION

VOTER PARTICIPATION

Wyoming ranked second in the country for its proportion of residents age 25 years and over with high school diplomas. The state’s per student expenditures of $8,985 were the 14th highest in the nation. The state’s student/teacher ratio was well below the national average. Wyoming’s dropout rate of 5.8 percent ranked 10th among the 46 states reporting such data. A below average proportion of the state’s students were eligible for free or reducedprice lunch. In 2004, just 22.5 percent of Wyoming’s population age 25 years and over held bachelor’s degrees or more, which was among the 10 lowest proportions of college graduates in the country.

Wyoming had above average voter turnout rates in 2000 and 2004. Nearly 75 percent of eligible voters age 45 to 64 years participated in the 2004 election. According to the official tally by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives, Wyoming’s population voted overwhelmingly for the Republican presidential candidate in both elections. In 2000, 69.2 percent of voters cast ballots for the Republican candidate, and 68.7 percent voted similarly in 2004. The comparable percentages for the Democratic presidential candidates were 28.3 percent and 29 percent, respectively.

Table WY-19. Reported Voting and Registration, November 2000 and November 2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Characteristic

Total population 18 years and over

Total citizen Number

Total registered Percent

Number

Total voted

Percent

Number

Percent

NOVEMBER 2000 Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

350 176 175

348 175 173

99.3 99.4 99.2

240 118 122

68.6 67.4 69.8

219 105 114

62.5 59.7 65.2

Total ........................................................................... Male ............................................................................ Female ........................................................................

373 187 186

370 185 185

99.1 98.8 99.4

265 129 135

71.0 69.2 72.8

247 122 126

66.3 65.0 67.6

Race and Hispanic Origin White alone ................................................................. Non-Hispanic White alone ...................................... Black alone ................................................................. Asian alone ................................................................. Hispanic or Latino1 ...................................................... White alone or in combination ..................................... Non-Hispanic White alone or in combination .......... Black alone or in combination .................................... Asian alone or in combination .....................................

358 339 3 2 20 364 345 3 3

356 339 2 2 17 362 345 2 3

99.4 99.9 B B B 99.4 99.9 B B

258 247 1 11 261 250 1 1

72.0 72.9 B B B 71.7 72.4 B B

241 231 1 10 244 234 1 1

67.4 68.2 B B B 67.0 67.7 B B

Age 18 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 to 74 years ............................................................. 75 years and over .......................................................

50 125 139 32 26

50 123 138 32 26

B 98.5 99.1 B B

28 83 108 25 21

B 66.2 77.2 B B

24 76 104 24 19

B 61.1 74.5 B B

NOVEMBER 2004

1May

be of any race. - = Represents zero or rounds to zero. B = Base is too small to show derived measure.

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS The state chapters in this book follow a standard plan of organization, and the same data sources are used for the tables and figures found in each chapter. These notes describe the standard data sources, which are presented by topic in the order in which they appear in each chapter. Definitions, brief descriptions of methodology, and sources of additional information are also provided. For some states, additional information is used in the text. A list of sources for this information follows the discussion of the standard data sources.

West North Central Division: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. • South Region: South Atlantic Division: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. East South Central Division: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee. West South Central Division: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. • West Region: Mountain Division: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Pacific Division: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS REGIONAL DEFINITIONS. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) groups its state data into eight regions, which are occasionally cited in this publication. The states included in each BEA region are:

POPULATION

• New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau. . By telephone: (301) 763-3030. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program. (Feb. 2005.) . (Accessed Jan. 30, 2006.) Decennial census data accessed through American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau. . (Accessed Jan. 12, 2006.)

• Mid-Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. • Great Lakes: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin. • Plains: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. • South Atlantic: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. • South Central: Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. • Southwest: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. • Rocky Mountain: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming. • Far West: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. The Census Bureau defines four broad geographical regions: Northwest, Southeast, South, and West. These regions are sometimes used in the text in this book. The Census Bureau further subdivides the four census regions into nine divisions. The states included in each census region and division are: • Northeast Region: New England Division: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Middle Atlantic Division: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. • Midwest Region: East North Central Division: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

Population estimates and the decennial census. Population data for 2004 are estimates produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureau’s Population Estimates Program (PEP) produces estimates of the population as of July 1 for each year following the most recently published decennial census (the actual physical count of the population made every 10 years, which is described below). Existing data on births, deaths, and domestic and international immigration are used to update the decennial census base. PEP estimates are used to set federal funding allocations, update national surveys, and monitor recent demographic changes. For the 2000 census, people (both civilian and military) were counted at their “usual residence,” a principle followed in each census since 1790. Usual residence has been defined as the place in which a person lives and sleeps most frequently, as of April 1 of the census year. A person’s usual residence may not be the same as his or her legal or voting residence. The geographic universe for the U.S. resident population is the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Residents of Puerto Rico and outlying areas (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) under U.S. jurisdiction, U.S. citizens living abroad, and members of

539

540

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

the U.S. armed forces serving overseas are excluded. Noncitizens residing in the United States are included, regardless of their immigration status. Persons temporarily away from their usual residence on Census Day (April 1), for reasons such as vacation or business trips, were counted as being at their usual residence. People who live at more than one residence during the week, month, or year were counted as being at the place in which they lived for the largest part of the year. However, people without a usual residence were counted as being where they were staying on Census Day. The annual PEP reports build data from the county level up to the state and national levels, starting from the Census 2000 base population or the revised population estimate for the most recent year. (This volume uses the Census Bureau’s 2003 estimate for its population base.) The PEP then adds or subtracts the components of population change calculated for the period: births are added; deaths are subtracted; and the result is adjusted for net migration, which is calculated using components such as net internal migration, net foreign-born international migration, net movements to and from Puerto Rico, net movement of federal and civilian population, and net emigration from the United States. Birth and death data are obtained through vital statistics, domestic migration data are estimated through the address matching of federal tax returns, and international migration data are supplied by the Immigration and Naturalization Service. County population estimates are produced with adjustments for all of the components of population changes. State population estimates are the sum of the county estimates. With each new annual issue of estimates, PEP revises estimates for the years back to the last decennial census (2000). The new estimates, which take updated data availability, changes in methodology, and/or legal boundary changes into account, supercede previously released reports. A more detailed explanation of the PEP methodology is provided at . Age, sex, race, and ethnicity. While estimates of the age and sex of the population are straightforward, estimates of race and ethnicity are not. Decennial census data on race and ethnicity are based on self-identification by the respondent, and the same respondent may answer differently on separate occasions. On the 2000 decennial census, respondents could report more than one race; in previous censuses, respondents had to identify themselves as belonging to only one race. For example, a respondent of partial American Indian descent may have self-identified as American Indian in 1990 and as both White and American Indian in 2000. As a result, race data from the 1990 census are not directly comparable with the 2000

census and subsequent estimates. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for collecting and presenting data on race, released in 1997, identified five race categories: White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. For those not able to identify with these five categories, the classification “some other race” was an option. The OMB standards have been applied to all subsequent July 1 estimates of the population, making the 2000 and 2004 data directly comparable. The Census Bureau treats Hispanic or Latino origin as a separate and distinct concept from race. Beginning with the 2000 census, a separate self-identification question was asked regarding Hispanic or Latino origin. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are those who classified themselves as belonging to one of the specific categories listed on the questionnaire—Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or Other Spanish/Hispanic origin (including those whose origins are from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Central and South America, or the Dominican Republic). People who are Hispanic may be of any race and people in each race group may be Hispanic. The overlap of race and Hispanic origin is a major comparability issue, because Hispanics may be of any race. For a further discussion of this issue, see: U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Census Bureau Guidance on the Presentation and Comparison of Race and Hispanic Origin Data. (June 12, 2003.) . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) The Census Bureau applied a multi-step process to create the July 1, 2004, state estimates of the resident population by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. This consisted of establishing the previous resident state population estimates by age and sex and the previous national resident population estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin as the base. Next, the Census Bureau estimated the age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin distributions for each state by using a “cohort component” model to estimate the changes in these components since the last decennial census (2000). Finally, these derived distributions were applied to the original state estimates of age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. A detailed description of the methodology used is available from the Census Bureau at . HEALTH Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Statistics Report. (Jan. 2006.) . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) By telephone: (301) 458-4000. The Vital Statistics Report provides data on births, deaths, infant mortality rates, and leading causes of death.

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

For information on health insurance coverage, see: U.S. Census Bureau. Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004. (Aug. 2005.) . (Accessed Jan. 31, 2006.) The Census Bureau data on health insurance coverage, including private plans (both employment-based and other private plans) and government plans (Medicare, Medicaid, military, etc.), are collected each March in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS). With regard to the data collected in the CPS, the Census Bureau notes a caveat: estimates tend to underreport health insurance and Medicare/Medicaid coverage. While underreporting affects most surveys of health insurance coverage, ASEC appears to have a larger problem than other national surveys, as its focus is on income rather than insurance. ASEC’s question regarding health insurance coverage refers the respondent back to the previous year, thus increasing the chance of misreported data. Respondent recall may be more accurate for income information (especially since the interview date is close to when people complete their income taxes) than health insurance coverage. However, the ASEC estimate is used in this volume due to its compatibility with income, poverty, and labor force status data. For a comparison with health insurance coverage rates in other federal surveys, see: Congressional Budget Office. How Many People Lack Insurance and For How Long? (May 2003.) . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Source: U.S Census Bureau. . By telephone: (301) 763-3030. U.S Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program. (Feb. 2005.) . (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) Decennial census and American Community Survey data accessed through American FactFinder. U.S. Census Bureau. . (Accessed Jan. 18, 2006.) Households. A household comprises one or more persons occupying a single housing unit, such as a house, apartment, or a room occupied as separate living quarters. A household may consist of a person living alone, a single family, two or more families living together, or any other group of unrelated individuals sharing a housing unit. The Census Bureau counts the number of households as being equal to the number of occupied housing

541

units identified in the decennial census. All persons not living in housing units are classified as living in “group quarters.” These individuals may reside in institutions (hospitals, nursing homes, correctional facilities) or in noninstitutional facilities, such as college dormitories, group homes, or military barracks. Household occupancy and tenure. Census estimates for 2004 provide data comparable with the 2000 decennial census estimates of the total number of housing units, the proportions of occupied and unoccupied living quarters, and the amount of owner-occupied and rental units. Median gross rent of renter-occupied housing units. Gross rent is the contract rent plus the estimated average monthly cost of utilities (electricity, gas, and water and sewer) and fuels (oil, coal, kerosene, wood, etc.), if these are paid for by the renter (or paid for the renter by someone else). Gross rent is intended to eliminate the differentials that result from the varying practices of inclusion of utilities and fuels as part of the rental payment. The estimated costs of water and sewer and fuels are reported on a 12-month basis, but are converted to monthly figures for the tabulations. The American Community Survey question was the same as the 1990 and 2000 decennial census question. The yearly cost of electricity and gas was collected in the 1990 decennial census, while the American Community Survey collected the monthly cost for these two utilities. In the 1990 decennial census, only the yearly cost of water was collected. In the 2000 decennial census, the yearly cost of water and sewer were collected. The American Community Survey collected the 12-month cost of water and sewer. Median value of owner-occupied housing units. Data for the median value of owner-occupied housing units are respondents’ estimates of how much their property would sell for if it was currently on the market. In 2004, value is shown for all owner-occupied housing units. This is unlike previous years, when the data excluded mobile homes, homes with a business or medical office on the premises, homes on 10 acres or more of land, and housing units in multi-unit buildings. Other sources of data on housing prices by state and metropolitan area include the Housing Price Index, published by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) on a quarterly basis at . Proprietary data, which frequently appear in newspaper accounts, are available on a monthly basis from the National Association of Realtors at .

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STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

INCOME AND POVERTY Source: U.S. Census Bureau . Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004. (Aug. 2005.) . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) Median household income. Median household income is defined as money income (the midpoint of all data values) received by households. Money income is the sum of wage or salary income; nonfarm self-employed income; net farm self-employed income; Social Security and railroad retirement income; public assistance; and all other regularly received income such as interest, dividends, veterans’ payments, pensions, unemployment compensation, and alimony. The total represents the amount of income received before deductions for personal income taxes, Social Security, Medicare, and other deductions. Money income does not reflect the fact that some families receive noncash benefits, such as health benefits, food stamps, and subsidized housing. The data for 2000 are from the long-form questionnaire used in the decennial census; data for subsequent years are as of March 1 of that year and come from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey (CPS). In order to accurately assess changes in income over time, the data are adjusted for changes in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index for Urban Consumers (CPI-U-RU), which covers all urban consumers (about 80 percent of the population). The CPI-U-RU removes discontinuities that occurred in the past, due to conceptual changes in the CPI-U index. These disparities cannot be removed from the CPI-U index, because revisions of past years would lead to confusion in indexed contracts. Poverty. Poverty rates are also derived from the ASEC. Following OMB standards that have been in use since the late 1960s, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine the proportion of Americans in poverty. If a household’s total income is less than the threshold for the applicable family size, age of householder, and number of children present in the family under 18 years of age, every individual in that household is considered to be living in poverty. The official poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated annually using the CPI-U-RU. In 2004, the poverty threshold for a family of four was $19,484. The Census Bureau also reports data on income and poverty derived from the American Community Survey (ACS). The ACS is part of the 2010 Decennial Census Program and will replace the long-form questionnaire. The ACS offers broad, comprehensive information on

social, economic, and housing characteristics and is designed to provide this information at detailed geographical levels, including local communities. However, the Census Bureau recommends that researchers use the CPS Annual Social and Economic Supplement for data on income and poverty, as this data source contains the most complete and thorough estimates. More information on the different surveys is provided at . LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT, AND UNEMPLOYMENT Source: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics. . (Accessed Feb. 1, 2006.) By telephone: (202) 691-6392. Annual data on the labor force, employment, and unemployment for state and local areas are available from two major sources: the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The CPS is a sample survey of about 60,000 households, conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The LAUS program is a federalstate cooperative endeavor in which state employment security agencies (which deal with unemployment insurance) prepare estimates using the concepts, definitions, and estimation procedures prescribed by the BLS. Data from both sources pertain to the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 years and over, and both use the basic labor force, employment, and unemployment concepts of the CPS household survey. These concepts are fully described in the explanatory notes to BLS’s monthly employment situation release at . Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each member of a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force during the specified reference period (the calendar week containing the 12th day of the month). The total civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed, and the unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percentage of the noninstitutional population, and the employment/population ratio is the number of employed person as a percentage of the population. The survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers. The LAUS program provides “official” employment and unemployment estimates for about 7,000 state and local areas on a monthly basis. Data are released two weeks after the national data, and are used by a number of U.S.

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

agencies to allocate over $40 billion of federal funds to states and localities for a variety of socioeconomic programs. These data do not include demographic estimates. In March 2005, the BLS revised all state and local estimates back to 1976 to reflect a redesigned model of estimation and a new monthly benchmarking procedure called “real-time benchmarking,” which adjusts local area estimates to the CPS national estimate of employment and unemployment. The estimation methodology is fully described at . (See also: Brown, Sharon P. 2005. Estimation and benchmarking of state labor force statistics. Monthly Labor Review 128(5): 23-31.) With these new estimates, state totals will add up to national estimates of employment and unemployment, thus enhancing statistical comparability across states and over time. Economic changes will be reflected in state estimates on a real-time basis, and year-end revisions will be considerably smaller than those made with previous procedures. The demographic and economic characteristics of the employed and unemployed are derived from the national CPS sample survey of 60,000 households and are published annually in the Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. However, the data do not equal the estimates obtained from the revised LAUS program, because the former are based on the national CPS sample. The data from the CPS sample, which is much smaller than the LAUS sample, contain much more variance. In addition, because Table 8 in the state chapters uses the time series data from the LAUS Program, these figures may differ from Table 7, which is derived from the CPS sample. However, the CPS estimates do provide important and timely information about the characteristics of the states’ labor forces, including the employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and age. EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS, WAGES AND SALARIES, AND PERSONAL INCOME Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (Oct. 2005.) . (Accessed Feb. 1, 2006.) U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2005. Survey of Current Business 85 (10): 1-162. State facts on personal income and its components are also available at . (Accessed Feb. 1, 2006.) Employment and earnings by sector. The employment data are estimates of total employment in each sector and include employment in the armed forces, civilian wage and salary employment, and self-employment. The estimates represent numbers of jobs, not numbers of individuals. An individual holding two jobs will be counted twice, as will an individual who holds a wage or salary job

543

and is also self-employed. Estimates of self-employment rely in part on Schedule C filings on individual income tax returns. Thus, a person engaged in two kinds of selfemployment and filing two Schedule C forms is counted twice. This concept of employment differs from that in the Current Population Survey (CPS), which is the source of the employment data in the table on population and labor force. The CPS is a household survey. It counts each individual only once, no matter how many jobs the person holds, and it includes only civilian employment. For these and other reasons, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimates of total employment differ from the estimates obtained from the CPS, and the BEA estimates are typically larger. Leading private industries. The data by industry reflect the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), a supply- or production-based system that replaced the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system in January 2003. Estimates of state employment and earnings by industry use NAICS from 2001 forward. NAICS was adopted to more fully reflect the current composition of U.S. businesses and to establish a standard measure of industry classification throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico, in accordance with the North American Free Trade Agreement, to enhance cross-border comparisons among these trading partners. Average annual wages and salaries. Average annual wages and salaries were calculated by the editors by dividing total wages and salaries paid during the year in each sector by annual average wage and salary employment in that sector. These statistics were obtained from the Regional Economic Accounts of the BEA, and not from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which has similar estimates with somewhat different definitions. The data are not adjusted for inflation. They are appropriate for comparing annual average earnings across economic sectors and across states, but do not directly measure changes over time in the purchasing power of these annual earnings. Wages and salaries not only include the wages of production and nonsupervisory workers, but also the salaries of managerial and professional employees; the compensation of corporate officers; and commissions, tips, and bonuses. Thus, within any particular industry, the annual earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers are typically lower than the average for all types of workers, as shown in this book. Differences among economic sectors in annual average wages and salaries reflect differences in the length of the work week and of the work year, as well as differences in hourly earnings. For example, work in construction and agriculture is highly seasonal; workers often are employed for less than a full year. Workers in retail trade

544

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

and in many service industries work fewer hours per week, on average, than workers in manufacturing. Personal income. Personal income is defined as the income received by all residents of an area from all sources. It consists of the income received by persons from participation in production, government and business transfer payments, and interest payments to individuals. Personal income is the sum of wage and salary disbursements, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietor’s income, dividends, interest, rent, and personal current transfer receipts less contributions for government social insurance (mainly Social Security and Medicare). A comprehensive set of state data on personal income by source is prepared annually by the BEA. Data include earnings and employment by industry, transfer payments, taxes, and farm income. State Profiles incorporates the comprehensive revision to the national income and product accounts, released in December 2003, into the data; the volume also uses the annual revision released in October 2005 for data beginning in 2002. These data are designed by BEA to be conceptually and statistically consistent with the national estimates of personal income. County estimates sum to state totals, which in turn sum to national estimates. Data are also consistent with estimates for gross state product (also prepared by the BEA), as detailed below. For a full description of the sources and methodology, see: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Regional Economic Measurement Division. State Personal Income 1999–2004. . (Accessed Feb. 1, 2006.) Personal income, as measured in the national income and product accounts, differs conceptually and statistically from the data on household income obtained by the Census Bureau’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population Survey. Unlike the latter, which is based on the answers given by respondents from a sample of households, these estimates of state and county personal income are primarily based on administrative records and Census data. Data from administrative records are a byproduct of the administration of various federal and state programs, such as the state unemployment insurance programs of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the social insurance programs of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services of the Department of Health and Human Resources, the activities of the Social Security Administration, the federal income tax program of the Internal Revenue Service, and the veterans’ benefits programs of the Department of Defense. Farm income is derived from the Department of Agriculture’s census surveys and administrative records. These data are reported by “place of work” in the state or county in which the establishment is located.

Per capita income. Per capita income is the mean income computed for every man, woman, and child in a particular group. It is derived by dividing the aggregate income of a particular group by the total population in that group. Per capita income is rounded to the nearest whole dollar. GROSS STATE PRODUCT Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. . (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) By telephone: (202) 606-9234. Gross state product (GSP) is a comprehensive measure of the goods and services produced within a state. It is the counterpart of the nation’s gross domestic product (GDP). GSP is derived as the sum of the gross state product originating in all industries within the state. In concept, an industry’s GSP, also called its value added, is equivalent to its gross output (sales, receipts, and other operating income, commodity taxes, and inventory changes) minus intermediate inputs (goods and services imported or purchased from other states). In practice, GSP estimates are measured as the sum of the distributions by industry of the components of gross domestic income—that is, the sum of the costs incurred (compensation of employees, net interest, and indirect business taxes) and the profits earned in the production. Thus, the GSP accounts provide data by industry and state that are consistent with gross domestic product account at the national level. However, for the NAICS-based GSP estimates for 1997 forward, total GSP for the nation differs from the national estimate of GDP for two reasons. First, the GSP excludes compensation of federal civilian and military personnel stationed abroad, as well as expenditures for military structures and equipment located abroad. GSP and GDP also often have different revision schedules. GOVERNMENT TRANSFER PAYMENTS Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. . (Accessed Jan. 31, 2006.) Transfer payments. Transfer payments are payments to persons for which services have not been rendered during the current period. As a component of personal income, they are payments by government and business to individuals and nonprofit institutions. Although most transfer payments are made in cash, transfer payments also include some important in-kind payments, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and food stamps. Some government transfer payments are entitlements based on a combination of age and work history; examples are retirement payments to government employees and most Social

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

Security benefits. Medicare is an entitlement based simply on age. Other transfer payments are “needs based,” and eligibility for payment is based on low income, as is the case with food stamps, or on a combination of low income and age or disability, as is the case with Supplemental Security Income. Social Security in the government transfer payments table is Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) payments. Other retirement, disability, and insurance benefits include workers’ compensation payments, temporary disability payments, and payments to victims of black lung disease. In the past, pension payments to retired government employees were also included in transfer payments. But now, government retirement is treated like private pensions: employer contributions are classified in other labor income, and the ultimate pension pay is treated as a financial transaction rather than an income transaction. Medical benefits include Medicare and Medicaid and some smaller programs. Military medical insurance consists of payments made under the TriCare Management Program (formerly called CHAMPUS) for the medical care of dependents of active duty military personnel and of retired military personnel and their dependents at nonmilitary medical facilities. Family assistance consists of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)—generally referred to as welfare–and, beginning with 1996, assistance programs operating under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (often referred to as the “welfare reform” legislation). Other income maintenance largely consists of the earned income tax credit, a federal payment to qualifying low-income workers who file tax returns. These payments have grown rapidly during the 1990s, due to program expansion, growth of employment, and increased awareness of the availability of this benefit. Other income maintenance also incl-udes general assistance, emergency assistance, refugee assistance, foster home care payments, and energy assistance. Federal education and training assistance consists largely of federal fellowship payments (National Science Foundation fellowships and traineeships, subsistence payments to state maritime academy cadets, and other federal fellowships), interest subsidy on higher education loans, basic educational opportunity grants, and Job Corps payments. Other payments to individuals consists largely of Bureau of Indian Affairs payments, education exchange payments, Alaska Permanent Fund dividend payments, compensation of survivors of public safety officers, compensation of victims of crime, disaster relief payments, compensation for Japanese internment, and other special payments to individuals.

545

EXPORTS Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. The International Trade Administration. Office of Trade and Economic Analysis (OTEA). (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) Additional information is available from the U.S. Census Bureau at (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) State export data is reported by the exporter or agent, and denote the state from which the merchandise begins its journey to the port of export. This may not necessarily be the state in which the merchandise is actually grown or manufactured, or the actual location of the exporter. This method of calculating state exports is called “origin of movement.” The origin of movement may not be the origin of transportation. Whenever shipments are consolidated, the state of origin will reflect the consolidation point. This effect is particularly noticeable for non-manufactured goods, which are generally exported by intermediaries. For example, intermediaries located in inland states ship agricultural products down the Mississippi River for export from New Orleans. In these cases, Louisiana would be reported as the state of origin. The most visible result is a tendency to understate exports from some agricultural states and to overstate exports from states like Louisiana, which have ports that handle high-value shipments of farm products. The use of the state of origin procedure also may affect the tabulation of exported manufactured goods, attributing a sizable amount of manufacturing exports to states known to have little manufacturing capability. For example, commodities produced by out-of-state suppliers can be shipped from in-state distribution centers, and shipments of manufactured commodities from in-state warehouses and other distribution centers can be arranged by out-of-state exporters. In both cases, manufactured exports from non-industrial states are overstated. For a discussion of these issues, see: U.S. Census Bureau . Description of the Foreign Trade Statistical Program. (May 2002.) . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) AGRICULTURE Sources: U.S. Department of Agriculture. National Agricultural Statistics Service. . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.) By telephone: (800) 727-9540. For farm income: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of Economic Analysis. . (Accessed Jan. 19, 2006.)

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STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Data are from the 1997 and 2002 Censuses of Agriculture; farm income data are compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The Department of Agriculture defines a farm as any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural goods were produced or sold during the farm census year. This classification includes many farms for which farming generates only a small fraction of household income. In 2002, nearly 60 percent of farms had sales of less than $10,000, and about 42 percent of all farm operators reported a principal occupation other than farming. The 2002 Census of Agriculture introduced a new methodology to provide more complete coverage of farms and farming in the United States. Subsequent reestimates have produced more robust data for states and localities. The Census of Agriculture question regarding primary occupation was also reworded. In 2002, the definition of “primary occupation” was not printed on the census form, as it was for the 1997 census. Thus, some respondents may have identified themselves as a farm or ranch operator without understanding that they were reporting farming as their primary occupation. In fact, the number reporting farming as their primary occupation increased substantially between 1997 and 2002. However, the Department of Agriculture estimates that the change in the questionnaire may only partly account for this trend, as the average age of farm operators also increased significantly between 1997 and 2002. Older operators may be retired (with little if any sales), yet still report farming as their primary occupation, since job opportunities may be limited away from the farm. Farm income data are based on estimates prepared by the Department of Agriculture and then modified by the Bureau of Economic Analysis to maintain consistency with the concepts and definitions used in their state farm and personal income data set. As defined by the BEA, farm income consists of the net income of sole proprietors and hired labor, arising directly from the current production of agricultural commodities. It includes net farm proprietors’ income and wages and salaries, payments-inkind, and supplements to the wages and salaries of hired farm laborers. However, this definition specifically excludes the income of non-family farm corporations. ENERGY Source: U.S .Department of Energy. Energy Information Administration. State Energy Data 2001. (Jan. 2005.) . (Accessed Dec. 16, 2005.) By telephone: (202) 586-8800. The next update will be available in early 2006. As of late 2005, the latest available data on energy consumption and expenditures by state from the Department of Energy are for 2001. Although the proportion of energy consumed by major source (natural gas, coal, etc.)

and by type of sector (residential, commercial, etc.) are unlikely to show major shifts from 2001 to 2004, data on expenditures should be used with caution, due to the sharp rise in energy prices that have occurred since 2001. National data are much timelier; they are updated monthly and are available at . Small amounts of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy consumed in the commercial sector cannot be separately identified and are included in residential consumption. Natural gas includes supplemental gaseous fuels. “Other” fuel is geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, and net imports of electricity. STATE TAXES AND GOVERNMENT FINANCE Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Governments Division. Annual Survey of Government Finance 2003. (Apr. 2005.) . (Accessed Dec. 16, 2006.) By telephone: (800) 242-4523. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Governments Division. Annual Survey of Government Tax Collection. (Apr. 2005.) . (Accessed Dec. 16, 2006.) By telephone: (800) 242-4523. The Census Bureau conducts an annual survey covering a range of government finance activities carried out by all state and local governments in the United States, including revenue, expenditures, debt, and assets. The data in this volume relate to state revenues and expenditures only, with the exception of the District of Columbia. Data reference state government fiscal years that ended on June 30, 2003. (Exceptions are Alabama and Michigan, whose fiscal years ended on September 30, 2003; New York, whose fiscal year ended on March 31, 2003; and Texas, whose fiscal year ended on August 31, 2003). In addition, 2002 is the latest year of available information for the District of Columbia, whose fiscal year ended September 30, 2002. General revenue comprises all revenue except utilities, liquor store, and insurance trust revenue. Intergovernmental revenue is funds from other governments (mainly the federal government), and includes general support, grants, shared taxes, and loans or advances. Other data on government finance by state, not shown in this volume, include federal government expenditures, obligations, contract awards, and insurance programs. For more information, see: U.S. Census Bureau. Consolidated Federal Funds Report for Fiscal Year 2003. (Dec. 2005.) . (Accessed Feb. 3, 2006.) State tax data include all required taxes taken by government for public purposes, except for employer and employee assessments for Social Security and unemployment compensation. These data are available earlier than the finance data and are shown in this volume each

NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

state’s fiscal year 2004. Per capita data are obtained by dividing taxes by the Census Bureau’s annual estimate of the population (as of July 1 for the appropriate year). EDUCATION Sources: U.S. Census Bureau. Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey. (Mar. 2005.) . (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Education. Common Core of Data: 2003–2004. . (Accessed on Oct. 21, 2005). The March supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) provides data on educational attainment and is largely compatible with information provided by the 2000 census. Data apply to graded public, private, and parochial elementary and secondary schools (both junior and senior high schools), colleges, universities, and professional schools, whether day or night schools. Schooling in other institutions was counted only if the credits obtained were transferable to the regular school system. Data on enrollment and attainment is also available by detailed demographic group from the American Community Survey (ACS), which is intended to replace the long form questionnaire on the decennial census. However, as the ACS is still in its testing phase, the data appearing in this volume are from the CPS March survey. More information on these two surveys is available on the Census Web site at . The state numbers are from the Common Core of Data (CCD) state universe and include approximately 17,000 regular school districts with students in membership. Not included are special districts that typically offer research, administrative, or other support services to client agencies. The CCD data now include charter schools. Since charter schools are managed independently from the local school district, each one is considered a single district. Most of the CCD state data were compiled through the CCD “Build a Table” feature, which can be found on the Internet at .

547

VOTER PARTICIPATION Source: U.S. Census Bureau. November Supplement to the Current Population Survey, 2004. . (Accessed Feb. 2, 2006.) Voter participation data are obtained from additional questions regarding voting and voter registration, which are added to the CPS each November. Because these data are from a sample of the noninstitutional population, they differ from the “official” tally of voter participation reported by the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2004, the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives reported a voter turnout of 122.3 million persons, while the CPS reported 125.7 million persons. ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION Most of the statements in this book are based on the data in the accompanying tables or on related data from the federal statistical sources described above. For some states, supplementary sources specific to the individual state have been used. In most cases, this information was taken from Web sites, and the URLs are included in the listings. Each state has its own Web site, with an address of the form . In this example, the “al” stands for Alabama. The Web sites of other states are accessed by substituting in the state’s two-letter postal abbreviation. Other data can be found on Web sites maintained by bureaus of business and economic research at state universities, and through the online resources of the regional Federal Reserve Banks.

INDEX

A AGE, POPULATION BY Alabama, 29 Alaska, 39 Arizona, 49 Arkansas, 59 California, 69 Colorado, 79 Connecticut, 89 Delaware, 99 District of Columbia, 109 Florida, 119 Georgia, 129 Hawaii, 139 Idaho, 149 Illinois, 159 Indiana, 169 Iowa, 179 Kansas, 189 Kentucky, 199 Louisiana, 209 Maine, 219 Maryland, 229 Massachusetts, 239 Michigan, 249 Minnesota, 259 Mississippi, 269 Missouri, 279 Montana, 289 Nebraska, 299 Nevada, 309 New Hampshire, 319 New Jersey, 329 New Mexico, 339 New York, 349 North Carolina, 359 North Dakota, 369 Ohio, 379 Oklahoma, 389 Oregon, 399 Pennsylvania, 409 Rhode Island, 419 South Carolina, 429 South Dakota, 439 Tennessee, 449 Texas, 459 United States population by age, 2 population change, 22 Utah, 469 Vermont, 479 Virginia, 489 Washington, 499 West Virginia, 509

Wisconsin, 519 Wyoming, 529 AGRICULTURE Alabama, 36 Alaska, 46 Arizona, 56 Arkansas, 66 California, 76 Colorado, 86 Connecticut, 96 Delaware, 106 Florida, 126 Georgia, 136 Hawaii, 146 Idaho, 156 Illinois, 166 Indiana, 176 Iowa, 186 Kansas, 196 Kentucky, 206 Louisiana, 216 Maine, 226 Maryland, 236 Massachusetts, 246 Michigan, 256 Minnesota, 266 Mississippi, 276 Missouri, 286 Montana, 296 Nebraska, 306 Nevada, 316 New Hampshire, 326 New Jersey, 336 New Mexico, 346 New York, 356 North Carolina, 366 North Dakota, 376 Ohio, 386 Oklahoma, 396 Oregon, 406 Pennsylvania, 416 Rhode Island, 426 South Carolina, 436 South Dakota, 446 Tennessee, 456 Texas, 466 United States, 14, 27 Utah, 476 Vermont, 486 Virginia, 496 Washington, 506 West Virginia, 516 Wisconsin, 526 Wyoming, 536

549

550

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

AMERICAN INDIANS AND ALAKA NATIVES Rankings: race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 B BENEFITS Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY BIRTHS Health characteristics, 5 United States population rankings by birth rate, 26 C COAL Production and consumption, selected years, 15 COLLEGE GRADUATES see EDUCATION INDICATORS D DEATHS Health characteristics, 5 Leading causes of death see HEALTH AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS DISABILITY INSURANCE BENEFITS Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY E EARNINGS BY SECTOR Definitions, 543 ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Alabama government transfer payments, 35 real gross state product, 34 Alaska government transfer payments, 45 real gross state product, 44 Arizona government transfer payments, 55 real gross state product, 54 Arkansas government transfer payments, 65 real gross state product, 64 California government transfer payments, 75 real gross state product, 74 Colorado government transfer payments, 85 real gross state product, 84 Connecticut government transfer payments, 95 real gross state product, 94 Delaware government transfer payments, 105 real gross state product, 104 District of Columbia government transfer payments, 115 real gross state product, 114 Florida government transfer payments, 125 real gross state product, 124 Georgia

government transfer payments, 135 real gross state product, 134 Hawaii government transfer payments, 145 real gross state product, 144 Idaho government transfer payments, 155 real gross state product, 154 Illinois government transfer payments, 165 real gross state product, 164 Indiana government transfer payments, 175 real gross state product, 174 Iowa government transfer payments, 185 real gross state product, 184 Kansas government transfer payments, 195 real gross state product, 194 Kentucky government transfer payments, 205 real gross state product, 204 Louisiana government transfer payments, 215 real gross state product, 214 Maine government transfer payments, 225 real gross state product, 224 Maryland government transfer payments, 235 real gross state product, 234 Massachusetts government transfer payments, 245 real gross state product, 244 Michigan government transfer payments, 255 real gross state product, 254 Minnesota government transfer payments, 265 real gross state product, 264 Mississippi government transfer payments, 275 real gross state product, 274 Missouri government transfer payments, 285 real gross state product, 284 Montana government transfer payments, 295 real gross state product, 294 Nebraska government transfer payments, 305 real gross state product, 304 Nevada government transfer payments, 315 real gross state product, 314 New Hampshire government transfer payments, 325 real gross state product, 324 New Jersey government transfer payments, 335 real gross state product, 334

INDEX

New Mexico government transfer payments, 345 real gross state product, 344 New York government transfer payments, 355 real gross state product, 354 North Carolina government transfer payments, 365 real gross state product, 364 North Dakota government transfer payments, 375 real gross state product, 374 Ohio government transfer payments, 385 real gross state product, 384 Oklahoma government transfer payments, 395 real gross state product, 394 Oregon government transfer payments, 405 real gross state product, 404 Pennsylvania government transfer payments, 415 real gross state product, 414 Rhode Island government transfer payments, 425 real gross state product, 424 South Carolina government transfer payments, 435 real gross state product, 434 South Dakota government transfer payments, 445 real gross state product, 444 Tennessee government transfer payments, 455 real gross state product, 454 Texas government transfer payments, 465 real gross state product, 464 United States employment and average wages by industry, 11 exports of goods by leading products and destinations, 14 real gross state product, 12 Utah government transfer payments, 475 real gross state product, 474 Vermont government transfer payments, 485 real gross state product, 484 Virginia government transfer payments, 495 real gross state product, 494 Washington government transfer payments, 505 real gross state product, 504 West Virginia government transfer payments, 515 real gross state product, 514 Wisconsin government transfer payments, 525 real gross state product, 524

Wyoming government transfer payments, 535 real gross state product, 534 EDUCATION INDICATORS Alabama, 38 Alaska, 48 Arizona, 58 Arkansas, 68 California, 78 Colorado, 88 Connecticut, 98 Delaware, 108 District of Columbia, 118 Florida, 128 Georgia, 138 Hawaii, 148 Idaho, 158 Illinois, 168 Indiana, 178 Iowa, 188 Kansas, 198 Kentucky, 208 Louisiana, 218 Maine, 228 Maryland, 238 Massachusetts, 248 Michigan, 258 Minnesota, 268 Mississippi, 278 Missouri, 288 Montana, 298 Nebraska, 308 Nevada, 318 New Hampshire, 328 New Jersey, 338 New Mexico, 348 New York, 358 North Carolina, 368 North Dakota, 378 Ohio, 388 Oklahoma, 398 Oregon, 408 Pennsylvania, 418 Rhode Island, 428 South Carolina, 438 South Dakota, 448 Tennessee, 458 Texas, 468 United States, 17 Utah, 478 rankings, 28 Vermont, 488 Virginia, 498 Washington, 508 West Virginia, 518 Wisconsin, 528 Wyoming, 538 ELECTIONS Voter participation see VOTER PARTICIPATION EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT Alabama, 32, 33

551

552

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Alaska, 42, 43 Arizona, 52, 53 Arkansas, 62, 63 California, 72, 73 Colorado, 82, 83 Connecticut, 92, 93 Definitions, 543 Delaware, 102, 103 District of Columbia, 112, 113 Florida, 122, 123 Georgia, 132, 133 Hawaii, 142, 143 Idaho, 152, 153 Illinois, 162, 163 Indiana, 172, 173 Iowa, 182, 183 Kansas, 192, 193 Kentucky, 202, 203 Louisiana, 212, 213 Maine, 222, 223 Maryland, 232, 233 Massachusetts, 242, 243 Michigan, 252, 253 Minnesota, 262, 263 Mississippi, 272, 273 Missouri, 282, 283 Montana, 292, 293 Nebraska, 302, 303 Nevada, 312, 313 New Hampshire, 322, 323 New Jersey, 332, 333 New Mexico, 342, 343 New York, 352, 353 North Carolina, 362, 363 North Dakota, 372, 373 Ohio, 382, 383 Oklahoma, 392, 393 Oregon, 402, 403 Pennsylvania, 412, 413 Rhode Island, 422, 423 South Carolina, 432, 433 South Dakota, 442, 443 Tennessee, 452, 453 Texas, 462, 463 United States, 9, 10, 11 rankings—employment, 26 Utah, 472, 473 Vermont, 482, 483 Virginia, 492, 493 Washington, 502, 503 West Virginia, 512, 513 Wisconsin, 522, 523 Wyoming, 532, 533 ENERGY CONSUMPTION, EXPENDITURES, AND PRICES Alabama, 36 Alaska, 46 Arizona, 56 Arkansas, 66 California, 76 Colorado, 86 Connecticut, 96 Delaware, 106

District of Columbia, 116 Florida, 126 Georgia, 136 Hawaii, 146 Idaho, 156 Illinois, 166 Indiana, 176 Iowa, 186 Kansas, 196 Kentucky, 206 Louisiana, 216 Maine, 226 Maryland, 236 Massachusetts, 246 Michigan, 256 Minnesota, 266 Mississippi, 276 Missouri, 286 Montana, 296 Nebraska, 306 Nevada, 316 New Hampshire, 326 New Jersey, 336 New Mexico, 346 New York, 356 North Carolina, 366 North Dakota, 376 Ohio, 386 Oklahoma, 396 Oregon, 406 Pennsylvania, 416 Rhode Island, 426 South Carolina, 436 South Dakota, 446 Tennessee, 456 Texas, 466 United States, 15 Utah, 476 Vermont, 486 Virginia, 496 Washington, 506 West Virginia, 516 Wisconsin, 526 Wyoming, 536 ETHNICITY, POPULATION BY Definitions, 540 Hispanic origin see HISPANIC ORIGIN, POPULATION BY RACE United States rankings—race and ethnicity, 23, 24 EXPORTS Alabama, 35 Alaska, 45 Arizona, 55 Arkansas, 65 California, 75 Colorado, 85 Connecticut, 95 Delaware, 105 District of Columbia, 115 Florida, 125 Georgia, 135

INDEX

Hawaii, 145 Idaho, 155 Illinois, 165 Indiana, 175 Iowa, 185 Kansas, 195 Kentucky, 205 Louisiana, 215 Maine, 225 Maryland, 235 Massachusetts, 245 Michigan, 255 Minnesota, 265 Mississippi, 275 Missouri, 285 Montana, 295 Nebraska, 305 Nevada, 315 New Hampshire, 325 New Jersey, 335 New Mexico, 345 New York, 355 North Carolina, 365 North Dakota, 375 Ohio, 385 Oklahoma, 395 Oregon, 405 Pennsylvania, 415 Rhode Island, 425 South Carolina, 435 South Dakota, 445 Tennessee, 455 Texas, 465 United States, 14 rankings, 27 Utah, 475 Vermont, 485 Virginia, 495 Washington, 505 West Virginia, 515 Wisconsin, 525 Wyoming, 535 F FAMILY ASSISTANCE Definitions, 545 FARMS Agriculture see AGRICULTURE FAR WEST REGION Definitions, 539 FEDERAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING ASSISTANCE Definitions, 545 Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY G GOVERNMENT FINANCES Alabama, 37 Alaska, 47 Arizona, 57 Arkansas, 67

California, 77 Colorado, 87 Connecticut, 97 Delaware, 107 District of Columbia, 117 Florida, 127 Georgia, 137 Hawaii, 147 Idaho, 157 Illinois, 167 Indiana, 177 Iowa, 187 Kansas, 197 Kentucky, 207 Louisiana, 217 Maine, 227 Maryland, 237 Massachusetts, 247 Michigan, 257 Minnesota, 267 Mississippi, 277 Missouri, 287 Montana, 297 Nebraska, 307 Nevada, 317 New Hampshire, 327 New Jersey, 337 New Mexico, 347 New York, 357 North Carolina, 367 North Dakota, 377 Ohio, 387 Oklahoma, 397 Oregon, 407 Pennsylvania, 417 Rhode Island, 427 South Carolina, 437 South Dakota, 447 Tennessee, 457 Texas, 467 United States state government finances, 16 state taxes, 16 Utah, 477 Vermont, 487 Virginia, 497 Washington, 507 West Virginia, 517 Wisconsin, 527 Wyoming, 537 GREAT LAKES REGION Definitions, 539 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT United States, 12 GROSS STATE PRODUCT Alabama, 34 Alaska, 44 Arizona, 54 Arkansas, 64 California, 74 Colorado, 84 Connecticut, 94

553

554

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Delaware, 104 District of Columbia, 114 Florida, 124 Georgia, 134 Hawaii, 144 Idaho, 154 Illinois, 164 Indiana, 174 Iowa, 184 Kansas, 194 Kentucky, 204 Louisiana, 214 Maine, 224 Maryland, 234 Massachusetts, 244 Michigan, 254 Minnesota, 264 Mississippi, 274 Missouri, 284 Montana, 294 Nebraska, 304 Nevada, 314 New Hampshire, 324 New Jersey, 334 New Mexico, 344 New York, 354 North Carolina, 364 North Dakota, 374 Ohio, 384 Oklahoma, 394 Oregon, 404 Pennsylvania, 414 Rhode Island, 424 South Carolina, 434 South Dakota, 444 Tennessee, 454 Texas, 464 Utah, 474 Vermont, 484 Virginia, 494 Washington, 504 West Virginia, 514 Wisconsin, 524 Wyoming, 534 H HEALTH AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS Alabama indicators, 30 leading causes of death, 30 Alaska indicators, 40 leading causes of death, 40 Arizona indicators, 50 leading causes of death, 50 Arkansas indicators, 60 leading causes of death, 60 California indicators, 70 leading causes of death, 70

Colorado indicators, 80 leading causes of death, 80 Connecticut indicators, 90 leading causes of death, 90 Delaware indicators, 100 leading causes of death, 100 District of Columbia indicators, 110 leading causes of death, 110 Florida indicators, 120 leading causes of death, 120 Georgia indicators, 130 leading causes of death, 130 Hawaii indicators, 140 leading causes of death, 140 Idaho indicators, 150 leading causes of death, 150 Illinois indicators, 160 leading causes of death, 160 Indiana indicators, 170 leading causes of death, 170 Iowa indicators, 180 leading causes of death, 180 Kansas indicators, 190 leading causes of death, 190 Kentucky indicators, 200 leading causes of death, 200 Louisiana indicators, 210 leading causes of death, 210 Maine indicators, 220 leading causes of death, 220 Maryland indicators, 230 leading causes of death, 230 Massachusetts indicators, 240 leading causes of death, 240 Michigan indicators, 250 leading causes of death, 250 Minnesota indicators, 260 leading causes of death, 260 Mississippi indicators, 270 leading causes of death, 270

INDEX

Missouri indicators, 280 leading causes of death, 280 Montana indicators, 290 leading causes of death, 290 Nebraska indicators, 300 leading causes of death, 300 Nevada indicators, 310 leading causes of death, 310 New Hampshire indicators, 320 leading causes of death, 320 New Jersey indicators, 330 leading causes of death, 330 New Mexico indicators, 340 leading causes of death, 340 New York indicators, 350 leading causes of death, 350 North Carolina indicators, 360 leading causes of death, 360 North Dakota indicators, 370 leading causes of death, 370 Ohio indicators, 380 leading causes of death, 380 Oklahoma indicators, 390 leading causes of death, 390 Oregon indicators, 400 leading causes of death, 400 Pennsylvania indicators, 410 leading causes of death, 410 Rhode Island indicators, 420 leading causes of death, 420 South Carolina indicators, 430 leading causes of death, 430 South Dakota indicators, 440 leading causes of death, 440 Tennessee indicators, 450 leading causes of death, 450 Texas indicators, 460 leading causes of death, 460 United States indicators, 5 leading causes of death, 6 rankings—health, 25

Utah indicators, 470 leading causes of death, 470 Vermont indicators, 480 leading causes of death, 480 Virginia indicators, 490 leading causes of death, 490 Washington indicators, 500 leading causes of death, 500 West Virginia indicators, 510 leading causes of death, 510 Wisconsin indicators, 520 leading causes of death, 520 Wyoming indicators, 530 leading causes of death, 530 HEALTH INSURANCE see HEALTH AND HEALTH CHARACTERISTICS HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES see EDUCATION INDICATORS HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN, POPULATION BY Alabama, 30 Alaska, 40 Arizona, 50 Arkansas, 60 California, 70 Colorado, 80 Connecticut, 90 Delaware, 100 District of Columbia, 110 Florida, 120 Georgia, 130 Hawaii, 140 Idaho, 150 Illinois, 160 Indiana, 170 Iowa, 180 Kansas, 190 Kentucky, 200 Louisiana, 210 Maine, 220 Maryland, 230 Massachusetts, 240 Michigan, 250 Minnesota, 260 Mississippi, 270 Missouri, 280 Montana, 290 Nebraska, 300 Nevada, 310 New Hampshire, 320 New Jersey, 330 New Mexico, 340 New York, 350 North Carolina, 360 North Dakota, 370 Ohio, 380

555

556

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Oklahoma, 390 Oregon, 400 Pennsylvania, 410 Rhode Island, 420 South Carolina, 430 South Dakota, 440 Tennessee, 450 Texas, 460 United States population by Hispanic origin, 4 rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Utah, 470 Vermont, 480 Virginia, 490 Washington, 500 West Virginia, 510 Wisconsin, 520 Wyoming, 530 HOMELAND SECURITY GRANTS AND PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS Rankings by state, 27 HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS Alabama, 31 Alaska, 41 Arizona, 51 Arkansas, 61 California, 71 Colorado, 81 Connecticut, 91 Definitions, 541 Delaware, 101 District of Columbia, 111 Florida, 121 Georgia, 131 Hawaii, 141 Idaho, 151 Illinois, 161 Indiana, 171 Iowa, 181 Kansas, 191 Kentucky, 201 Louisiana, 211 Maine, 221 Maryland, 231 Massachusetts, 241 Michigan, 251 Minnesota, 261 Mississippi, 271 Missouri, 281 Montana, 291 Nebraska, 301 Nevada, 311 New Hampshire, 321 New Jersey, 331 New Mexico, 341 New York, 351 North Carolina, 361 North Dakota, 371 Ohio, 381 Oklahoma, 391 Oregon, 401 Pennsylvania, 411

Rhode Island, 421 South Carolina, 431 South Dakota, 441 Tennessee, 451 Texas, 461 United States rankings—households, 28 total households and characteristics, 4 Utah, 471 Vermont, 481 Virginia, 491 Washington, 501 West Virginia, 511 Wisconsin, 521 Wyoming, 531 I IMMIGRATION Population growth in the United States immigrants admitted by region and country of birth, 1 INCOME Alabama, 31, 34 Alaska, 41, 44 Arizona, 51, 54 Arkansas, 61, 64 California, 71, 74 Colorado, 81, 84 Connecticut, 91, 94 Definitions, 542, 544 Delaware, 101, 104 District of Columbia, 111, 114 Florida, 121, 124 Georgia, 131, 134 Hawaii, 141, 144 Idaho, 151, 154 Illinois, 161, 164 Indiana, 171, 174 Iowa, 181, 184 Kansas, 191, 194 Kentucky, 201, 204 Louisiana, 211, 214 Maine, 221, 224 Maryland, 231, 234 Massachusetts, 241, 244 Michigan, 251, 254 Minnesota, 261, 264 Mississippi, 271, 274 Missouri, 281, 284 Montana, 291, 294 Nebraska, 301, 304 Nevada, 311, 314 New Hampshire, 321, 324 New Jersey, 331, 334 New Mexico, 341, 344 New York, 351, 354 North Carolina, 361, 364 North Dakota, 371, 374 Ohio, 381, 384 Oklahoma, 391, 394 Oregon, 401, 404 Pennsylvania, 411, 414 Rhode Island, 421, 424

INDEX

South Carolina, 431, 434 South Dakota, 441, 444 Tennessee, 451, 454 Texas, 461, 464 United States employment and average wages by industry, 11 government transfer payments, selected years, 8 household income and poverty status, 7 personal income by major source, selected years, 8 rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Utah, 471, 474 Vermont, 481, 484 Virginia, 491, 494 Washington, 501, 504 West Virginia, 511, 514 Wisconsin, 521, 524 Wyoming, 531, 534 INCOME MAINTENANCE BENEFITS Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY L LABOR MARKET Alabama, 33 Alaska, 43 Arizona, 53 Arkansas, 63 California, 73 Colorado, 83 Connecticut, 93 Delaware, 103 District of Columbia, 113 Florida, 123 Georgia, 133 Hawaii, 143 Idaho, 153 Illinois, 163 Indiana, 173 Iowa, 183 Kansas, 193 Kentucky, 203 Louisiana, 213 Maine, 223 Maryland, 233 Massachusetts, 243 Michigan, 253 Minnesota, 263 Mississippi, 273 Missouri, 283 Montana, 293 Nebraska, 303 Nevada, 313 New Hampshire, 323 New Jersey, 333 New Mexico, 343 New York, 353 North Carolina, 363 North Dakota, 373 Ohio, 383 Oklahoma, 393 Oregon, 403 Pennsylvania, 413 Rhode Island, 423

South Carolina, 433 South Dakota, 443 Tennessee, 453 Texas, 463 United States employment and average wages by industry, 11 employment status, selected years, 9 employment status by demographic group, 10 Utah, 473 Vermont, 483 Virginia, 493 Washington, 503 West Virginia, 513 Wisconsin, 523 Wyoming, 533 LAND AREA Rankings—population, land, and density population, 21 LATINOS see HISPANIC ORIGIN, POPULATION BY Alabama, 30 Alaska, 40 Arizona, 50 Arkansas, 60 California, 70 Colorado, 80 Connecticut, 90 Delaware, 100 District of Columbia, 110 Florida, 120 Georgia, 130 Hawaii, 140 Idaho, 150 Illinois, 160 Indiana, 170 Iowa, 180 Kansas, 190 Kentucky, 200 Louisiana, 210 Maine, 220 Maryland, 230 Massachusetts, 240 Michigan, 250 Minnesota, 260 Mississippi, 270 Missouri, 280 Montana, 290 Nebraska, 300 Nevada, 310 New Hampshire, 320 New Jersey, 330 New Mexico, 340 New York, 350 North Carolina, 360 North Dakota, 370 Ohio, 380 Oklahoma, 390 Oregon, 400 Pennsylvania, 410 Rhode Island, 420 South Carolina, 430 South Dakota, 440 Tennessee, 450 Texas, 460

557

558

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

Utah, 470 Vermont, 480 Virginia, 490 Washington, 500 West Virginia, 510 Wisconsin, 520 Wyoming, 530 LEADING PRIVATE INDUSTRIES Definitions, 543 M MEDIAN GROSS RENT Definitions, 541 see HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME Definitions, 542 see INCOME MEDIAN VALUE OF HOUSING UNITS Definitions, 541 see HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS MEDICAL BENEFITS Definitions, 545 Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY MID-ATLANTIC REGION Definitions, 539 N NEW ENGLAND REGION Definitions, 539 NUCLEAR ENERGY Production and consumption, selected years, 15 O OIL AND GAS Production and consumption, selected years, 15 P PER CAPITA INCOME Definitions, 544 personal income definitions, 544 PETROLEUM Production and consumption, selected years, 15 PLAINS REGION Definitions, 539 POPULATION Alabama race and Hispanic origin, 30 sex and age, 29 Alaska race and Hispanic origin, 40 sex and age, 39 Arizona race and Hispanic origin, 50 sex and age, 49 Arkansas race and Hispanic origin, 60 sex and age, 59 California race and Hispanic origin, 70

sex and age, 69 Colorado race and Hispanic origin, 80 sex and age, 79 Connecticut race and Hispanic origin, 90 sex and age, 89 Delaware race and Hispanic origin, 100 sex and age, 99 District of Columbia race and Hispanic origin, 110 sex and age, 109 Florida race and Hispanic origin, 120 sex and age, 119 Georgia race and Hispanic origin, 130 sex and age, 129 Hawaii race and Hispanic origin, 140 sex and age, 139 Idaho race and Hispanic origin, 150 sex and age, 149 Illinois race and Hispanic origin, 160 sex and age, 159 Indiana race and Hispanic origin, 170 sex and age, 169 Iowa race and Hispanic origin, 180 sex and age, 179 Kansas race and Hispanic origin, 190 sex and age, 189 Kentucky race and Hispanic origin, 200 sex and age, 199 Louisiana race and Hispanic origin, 210 sex and age, 209 Maine race and Hispanic origin, 220 sex and age, 219 Maryland race and Hispanic origin, 230 sex and age, 229 Massachusetts race and Hispanic origin, 240 sex and age, 239 Michigan race and Hispanic origin, 250 sex and age, 249 Minnesota race and Hispanic origin, 260 sex and age, 259

INDEX

Mississippi race and Hispanic origin, 270 sex and age, 269 Missouri race and Hispanic origin, 280 sex and age, 279 Montana race and Hispanic origin, 290 sex and age, 289 Nebraska race and Hispanic origin, 300 sex and age, 299 Nevada race and Hispanic origin, 310 sex and age, 309 New Hampshire race and Hispanic origin, 320 sex and age, 319 New Jersey race and Hispanic origin, 330 sex and age, 329 New Mexico race and Hispanic origin, 340 sex and age, 339 New York race and Hispanic origin, 350 sex and age, 349 North Carolina race and Hispanic origin, 360 sex and age, 359 North Dakota race and Hispanic origin, 370 sex and age, 369 Ohio race and Hispanic origin, 380 sex and age, 379 Oklahoma race and Hispanic origin, 390 sex and age, 389 Oregon race and Hispanic origin, 400 sex and age, 399 Pennsylvania race and Hispanic origin, 410 sex and age, 409 Rhode Island race and Hispanic origin, 420 sex and age, 419 South Carolina race and Hispanic origin, 430 sex and age, 429 South Dakota race and Hispanic origin, 440 sex and age, 439 Tennessee race and Hispanic origin, 450 sex and age, 449 Texas race and Hispanic origin, 460 sex and age, 459 United States age, population by, 2 components of population change, 3

fastest-growing states, 2 Hispanic origin, growth rates by, 4 immigrants admitted by region and country of birth, 1 race, growth rates by, 4 rankings—population, land, and density population, 21 rankings—population change and age, 22 sex, population by, 2 Utah race and Hispanic origin, 470 sex and age, 469 Vermont race and Hispanic origin, 480 sex and age, 479 Virginia race and Hispanic origin, 490 sex and age, 489 Washington race and Hispanic origin, 500 sex and age, 499 West Virginia race and Hispanic origin, 510 sex and age, 509 Wisconsin race and Hispanic origin, 520 sex and age, 519 Wyoming race and Hispanic origin, 530 sex and age, 529 POVERTY Alabama, 31 Alaska, 41 Arizona, 51 Arkansas, 61 California, 71 Colorado, 81 Connecticut, 91 Definitions, 542 Delaware, 101 District of Columbia, 111 Florida, 121 Georgia, 131 Hawaii, 141 Idaho, 151 Illinois, 161 Indiana, 171 Iowa, 181 Kansas, 191 Kentucky, 201 Louisiana, 211 Maine, 221 Maryland, 231 Massachusetts, 241 Michigan, 251 Minnesota, 261 Mississippi, 271 Missouri, 281 Montana, 291 Nebraska, 301 Nevada, 311 New Hampshire, 321 New Jersey, 331 New Mexico, 341 New York, 351

559

560

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

North Carolina, 361 North Dakota, 371 Ohio, 381 Oklahoma, 391 Oregon, 401 Pennsylvania, 411 Rhode Island, 421 South Carolina, 431 South Dakota, 441 Tennessee, 451 Texas, 461 United States, 7 Utah, 471 Vermont, 481 Virginia, 491 Washington, 501 West Virginia, 511 Wisconsin, 521 Wyoming, 531 R RACE, POPULATION BY Alabama, 30 Alaska, 40 Arizona, 50 Arkansas, 60 California, 70 Colorado, 80 Connecticut, 90 Definitions, 540 Delaware, 100 District of Columbia, 110 Florida, 120 Georgia, 130 Hawaii, 140 Idaho, 150 Illinois, 160 Indiana, 170 Iowa, 180 Kansas, 190 Kentucky, 200 Louisiana, 210 Maine, 220 Maryland, 230 Massachusetts, 240 Michigan, 250 Minnesota, 260 Mississippi, 270 Missouri, 280 Montana, 290 Nebraska, 300 Nevada, 310 New Hampshire, 320 New Jersey, 330 New Mexico, 340 New York, 350 North Carolina, 360 North Dakota, 370 Ohio, 380 Oklahoma, 390 Oregon, 400 Pennsylvania, 410 Rhode Island, 420

South Carolina, 430 South Dakota, 440 Tennessee, 450 Texas, 460 United States population by race, 4 rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Utah, 470 Vermont, 480 Virginia, 490 Washington, 500 West Virginia, 510 Wisconsin, 520 Wyoming, 530 REAL GROSS STATE PRODUCT see GROSS STATE PRODUCT REGIONS Definitions, 539 RETIREMENT BENEFITS Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Definitions, 539 S SALARIES Average annual wages and salaries by industry see INCOME SEX, POPULATION BY Alabama, 29 Alaska, 39 Arizona, 49 Arkansas, 59 California, 69 Colorado, 79 Connecticut, 89 Definitions, 540 Delaware, 99 District of Columbia, 109 Florida, 119 Georgia, 129 Hawaii, 139 Idaho, 149 Illinois, 159 Indiana, 169 Iowa, 179 Kansas, 189 Kentucky, 199 Louisiana, 209 Maine, 219 Maryland, 229 Massachusetts, 239 Michigan, 249 Minnesota, 259 Mississippi, 269 Missouri, 279 Montana, 289 Nebraska, 299 Nevada, 309 New Hampshire, 319 New Jersey, 329 New Mexico, 339 New York, 349

INDEX

North Carolina, 359 North Dakota, 369 Ohio, 379 Oklahoma, 389 Oregon, 399 Pennsylvania, 409 Rhode Island, 419 South Carolina, 429 South Dakota, 439 Tennessee, 449 Texas, 459 United States, 2 Utah, 469 Vermont, 479 Virginia, 489 Washington, 499 West Virginia, 509 Wisconsin, 519 Wyoming, 529 SOUTH ATLANTIC REGION Definitions, 539 SOUTH CENTRAL REGION Definitions, 539 SOUTHWEST REGION Definitions, 539 T TAXES Alabama, 37 Alaska, 47 Arizona, 57 Arkansas, 67 California, 77 Colorado, 87 Connecticut, 97 Delaware, 107 District of Columbia, 117 Florida, 127 Georgia, 137 Hawaii, 147 Idaho, 157 Illinois, 167 Indiana, 177 Iowa, 187 Kansas, 197 Kentucky, 207 Louisiana, 217 Maine, 227 Maryland, 237 Massachusetts, 247 Michigan, 257 Minnesota, 267 Mississippi, 277 Missouri, 287 Montana, 297 Nebraska, 307 Nevada, 317 New Hampshire, 327 New Jersey, 337 New Mexico, 347 New York, 357 North Carolina, 367

561

North Dakota, 377 Ohio, 387 Oklahoma, 397 Oregon, 407 Pennsylvania, 417 Rhode Island, 427 South Carolina, 437 South Dakota, 447 Tennessee, 457 Texas, 467 United States, 16 Utah, 477 Vermont, 487 Virginia, 497 Washington, 507 West Virginia, 517 Wisconsin, 527 Wyoming, 537 TRANSFER PAYMENTS Definitions, 544 Economic activity see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY U UNEMPLOYMENT see EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE COMPENSATION Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY UNITED STATES Age population by age, 2 population change, 22 Agriculture, 14, 27 Birth rates, 5 Economic activity employment and average wages by industry, 11 exports of goods by leading products and destinations, 14 real gross state product, 12 Education indicators, 17 Employment and unemployment employment and average wages by industry, 11 employment status, selected years, 9 employment status by demographic group, 10 rankings: employment, 26 Energy production and consumption, selected years, 15 Ethnicity rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Exports goods by leading products and destinations, 14 rankings, 27 Fastest-growing states percent population change, 2 Government finance state government finances, 16 state taxes, 16 Government transfer payments, selected years, 8 Gross domestic product real gross state product, 12 Health and health characteristics indicators, 5

562

STATE PROFILES: THE POPULATION AND ECONOMY OF EACH U.S. STATE

leading causes of death, 6 rankings—health, 25 Health insurance coverage, 5 Hispanic origin population by Hispanic origin, 4 rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Homeland security grant rankings, 27 Households and household characteristics total households and characteristics, 4 Immigrants admitted by region and country of birth, 1 Income government transfer payments, selected years, 8 household income and poverty status, 7 personal income by major source, selected years, 8 rankings: race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Leading causes of death, 6 Mortality rates, 5 Population age, population by, 2 components of population change, 3 fastest-growing states, 2 Hispanic origin, growth rates by, 4 immigrants admitted by region and country of birth, 1 race, growth rates by, 4 rankings—population, land, and density population, 21 rankings—population change and age, 22 sex, population by, 2 Poverty household income and poverty status, 7 Race population by race, 4 rankings—race, ethnicity, and income, 23, 24 Sex population by sex, 2 Taxation state taxes, 16 Voter participation reported voting and registration, 18 V VETERANS’ BENEFITS Government transfer payments see ECONOMIC ACTIVITY VOTER PARTICIPATION Alabama, 38 Alaska, 48 Arizona, 58 Arkansas, 68 California, 78 Colorado, 88 Connecticut, 98

Delaware, 108 District of Columbia, 118 Florida, 128 Georgia, 138 Hawaii, 148 Idaho, 158 Illinois, 168 Indiana, 178 Iowa, 188 Kansas, 198 Kentucky, 208 Louisiana, 218 Maine, 228 Maryland, 238 Massachusetts, 248 Michigan, 258 Minnesota, 268 Mississippi, 278 Missouri, 288 Montana, 298 Nebraska, 308 Nevada, 318 New Hampshire, 328 New Jersey, 338 New Mexico, 348 New York, 358 North Carolina, 368 North Dakota, 378 Ohio, 388 Oklahoma, 398 Oregon, 408 Pennsylvania, 418 Rhode Island, 428 South Carolina, 438 South Dakota, 448 Tennessee, 458 Texas, 468 United States, 18 Utah, 478 Vermont, 488 Virginia, 498 Washington, 508 West Virginia, 518 Wisconsin, 528 Wyoming, 538 W WAGES Average annual wages and salaries by industry see INCOME Definitions, 543