Spon's Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001

Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001

Also available from Spon Press: Aluminium Design and Construction J.Dwight Asphalt Surfacings J.C.Nicholls Bridge Deck Analysis E.O’Brien and D.L.Keogh Bridge Deck Behaviour E.C.Hambly Bridge Hydraulics L.Hamill Clayey Barrier Systems for Waste Disposal Facilities K.Rowe et al Construction Scheduling, Cost Optimisation, and Management H.Adeli and A.Karim Contaminated Land 2nd Edition T.Cairney and D.M.Hobson Design Aids for Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures Concrete Societies of the UK, the Netherlands and Germany Environmental Noise Barriers B.Kotzen and C.English Foundations on Rock 2nd Edition D.Wyllie Hydraulic Structures 2nd Edition P.Novak et al Introduction to Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures D.Beckett and A.Alexandrou

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Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book Edited by

DAVIS LANGDON & EVEREST 2001 Fifteenth edition

London and New York

First edition 1984 Fifteenth edition 2001 Published by Spon Press 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Spon Press 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Spon Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” © 2001 Spon Press All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Publisher’s note This book has been produced from camera-ready copy supplied by the authors British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-98679-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-415-24281-9 (Print Edition) ISSN 0957-171X

Preface In this edition, we have continued to review and revise the book in a number of areas, in particular with the continuation of our review of the plant resources section in part 3 including a re-alignment with the CECA Daywork Categories, changes within the labour resources section including the new method of dealing with Holiday Pay/Benefits and a fundamental review of the Highways costs section in part 11. In addition to this, we have carried out a general review and revision of all prices up to May/June 2000 in consultation with leading manufacturers, suppliers and specialist contractors. Effort has continued to be directed at reviewing, revising and expanding the scope, range and detail of information to help enable the reader to compare or adjust any unit costs with reference to allocated resources or outputs The rates, prices and outputs included in the Resources and Unit Cost calculations, including allowances for wastage, normal productivity and efficiency, are based on medium sized Civil Engineering schemes of about £8 million in value, with no acute access or ground condition problems. However they are equally applicable to a wide range of construction projects from £½ million to £50 million with little or no adjustment. Where it has been felt to be suitable, detailed tables of multipliers have been provided to enable easy adjustment to outputs or costs for varying work conditions. As with all attempts to provide price guidance on a general basis, this must be loaded with caveats. In applying the rates to any specific project, the user must take into account the general nature of the project, i.e. matters such as scale, site difficulties, locale, tender climate etc.. This book aims at providing as much information as possible about the nature of the rate so as to assist the user to adapt it if necessary. The essential principle remains that this edition continues to provide the reader with cost guidance at a number of levels, varying from the more general functional costs shown in part 11 and part 6, through the detailed unit costs in Parts 4 and 5 which relate respectively to the CESMM3 and the Highways Method of Measurement bills of quantities formats, down to the detailed resource costings given in part 2 supplemented by the further advice on output factors in part 12. The Unit Costs sections (Parts 4, 5 and 6) cover a wide range of items and, where appropriate, notes are included detailing assumptions on composition of labour gang, plant resources and materials waste factors. part 3 of the book (Resources) includes detailed analysis of labour and plant costs, so allowing the user to adjust the unit costs to his individual requirements by the substitution of alternative labour, materials or plant costs. Unit Costs are obviously dependent upon the outputs or man-hours used to calculate them. The outputs used in this work have been compiled in detail from the editors’ wide ranging experience and are based almost exclusively on time and motion studies and records derived from a large number of recent Civil Engineering schemes. This data is constantly being reappraised to ensure it is consistent with the practices of the day. A number of prices and outputs are based upon detailed specialist advice and acknowledgements to the main contributors are included on page xviiii.

The market could change very rapidly and to monitor this and maintain accuracy levels readers should use the free price book update service which will advise of any significant changes to the published information over the period covered by this edition. The Update is circulated free every three months until the publication of the next annual Price Book to those readers who have registered with the publishers; in order to do so readers should complete and return the coloured card bound within this volume. Whilst all efforts are made to ensure the accuracy of the data and information used in the book neither the editors nor the publishers can in any way accept liability for loss of any kind resulting from the use made by any person of such information. Davis Langdon & Everest Princes House 39 Kingsway London WC2B 6TP

Land Remediation Statutory framework July 1999 saw the introduction of new contaminated land provisions, contained in part lla of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. A primary objective of the measures is to encourage the recycling of brownfield land. Under the Act action to remediate land is required only where there are unacceptable actual or potential risks to health or the environment. Sites that have been polluted from previous land use may not need remediating until the land use is changed. In addition, it may be necessary to take action only where there are appropriate, cost-effective remediation processes that take the use of the site into account. The Environmental Act 1995 amended the Environment Protection Act 1990 by introducing a new regime designed to deal with the remediation of sites which have been seriously contaminated by historic activities. The regime became operational on 1 April 2000. Local authorities and/or the Environment Agency will regulate seriously contaminated sites which will be known as “special sites”. The risks involved in the purchase of potentially contaminated sites is high, particularly considering that a transaction can result in the transfer of liability for historic contamination from the vendor to the purchaser. The contaminated land provisions of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 are only one element of a series of statutory measures dealing with pollution and land remediation that are to be introduced this year. Others include: □ groundwater regulations, including pollution prevention measures □ an integrated prevention and control regime for pollution □ selections of the Water Resources Act 1991, which deals with works notices for site controls, restoration and clean up. The contaminated land measures incorporate statutory guidance on the inspection, definition, remediation, apportionment of liabilities and recovery of costs of remediation. The measures are to be applied in accordance with the following criteria: □ a the standard of remediation should relate to the present use □ the costs of remediation should be reasonable in relation to the seriousness of the potential harm □ the proposals should be practical in relation to the availability of remediation technology, impact of site constraints and the effectiveness of the proposed clean-up method. Liability for the costs of remediation rests with either the party that “caused or knowingly permitted” contamination, or with the current owners or occupiers of the land. Apportionment of liability, where shared, is determined by the local authority. Although owners or occupiers become liable only if the polluter cannot be identified, the liability for contamination is commonly passed on when land is sold.

The ability to forecast the extent and cost of remedial measures is essential for both parties, so that they can be accurately reflected in the price of the land. If neither the polluter nor owner can be found, the clean-up is funded from public resources. Land remediation techniques There are two principal approaches to remediation—dealing with the contamination in situ or off site. The selection of the approach will be influenced by factors such as: initial and long term cost, timeframe for remediation, types of contamination present, depth and distribution of contamination, the existing and planned topography, adjacent land uses, patterns of surface drainage, the location of existing on-site services, depth of excavation necessary for foundations and below-ground services, environmental impact and safety, prospects for future changes in land use and long-term monitoring and maintenance of in situ treatment. In situ techniques A range of in situ techniques is available for dealing with contaminants, including: □ Dilution—the reduction of the concentrations of contaminants to below trigger levels by on-site mixing with cleaner material. □ Clean cover—a layer of clean soil is used to segregate contamination from receptor. This technique is best suited to sites with widely dispersed contamination. Costs will vary according to the need for barrier layers to prevent migration of the contaminant. □ On-site encapsulation—the physical containment of contaminants using barriers such as slurry trench cut-off walls. The cost of on-site encapsulation varies in relation to the type and extent of barriers required, the costs of which range from £35/m2 to more than £100/m2. There are also in situ techniques for treating more specific contaminants, including: □ Bio-remediation—for removal of oily, organic contaminants through natural digestion by micro- organisms. The process is slow, taking from one to three years, and is particularly effective for the long-term improvement of a site, prior to a change of use. □ Soil washing—involving the separation of a contaminated soil fraction or oily residue through a washing process. The dewatered contaminant still requires disposal to landfill. In order to be cost effective, 70–90% of soil mass needs to be recovered. □ Vacuum extraction—involving the extraction of liquid and gas contaminants from soil by vacuum. □ Thermal treatment—the incineration of contaminated soils on site. The uncontaminated soil residue can be recycled. By-products of incineration can create air pollution and exhaust air treatment may be necessary. □ Stabilisation—cement or lime, is used to physically or chemically bound oily or metal contaminants to prevent leaching or migration. Stabilisation can be used in both in situ and off-site locations.

Off-site techniques Removal is the most common and cost-effective approach to remediation in the UK, providing a broad spectrum solution by dealing with all contaminants. Removal is suited to sites where sources of contamination can be easily identified. If used in combination with material-handling techniques such as soil washing, the volume of material disposed at landfill sites can be significantly reduced. The disadvantages of the technique include the fact that the contamination is not destroyed, there are risks of pollution during excavation and transfer; road haulage may also cause a local nuisance. Cost drivers Cost drivers relate to the selected remediation technique, site conditions and the size and location of a project. The wide variation of indicative costs of land remediation techniques shown below is largely because of differing site conditions. Indicative costs of land remediation techniques (excluding landfill tax) Remediation techniques Unit Rate (£/unit) Removal Clean cover On-site encapsulation Bio-remediation Soil washing Soil flushing Vacuum extraction Thermal treatment

disposed material (m3) surface area of site (m2) encapsulated material (m3) treated material (tonne) treated material (tonne) treated material (tonne) treated material (tonne) treated material (tonne)

50–150 20–50 20–80 30–85 40–85 60–110 50–110 750–1200

Factors that need to be considered include: □ waste classification of the material □ underground obstructions, pockets of contamination and live services □ ground water flows and the requirement for barriers to prevent the migration of contaminants □ health and safety requirements and environmental protection measures □ location, ownership and land use of adjoining sites □ distance from landfill tips, capacity of the tip to accept contaminated materials, and transport restrictions Other project related variables include size, access to disposal sites and tipping charges; the interaction of these factors can have a substantial impact on overall unit rates. The table below sets out the costs of remediation using dig-and-dump methods for different sizes of project. Variation in site establishment and disposal cost accounts for 60–70% of the range in cost.

Item

Variation in the costs of land remediation by removal Disposal Volume Disposal Volume Disposal Volume (less than 3000 m3) (3000–10000 m3) (more than 10000 (£/m3) (£/m3) m3) (£/m3)

General items and site organisation costs Site investigation and testing Excavation and backfill Disposal costs (including tipping charges but not landfill tax) Haulage Total (£/m3) Allowance for site abnormals

40–70

20–35

5–15

3–12

2–5

1–3

12–25 15–30

9–20 20–35

6–13 25–45

10–25 80–162 0–5+

9–13 60–108 0–15+

8–17 45–93 0–10+

The strict health and safety requirements of remediation can push up the overall costs of site organisation to as much as 50% of the overall project cost. A high proportion of these costs are fixed and, as a result, the unit costs of site organisation increase disproportionally on smaller projects. Haulage costs are largely determined by the distances to a licensed tip. Current average haulage rates, based on a return journey range from £1.30 to £1.75 a mile. Short journeys to tips, which involve proportionally longer standing times, typically incur higher mileage rates. A further source of cost variation relates to tipping charges. The table below summarises typical tipping charges for 2000, exclusive of landfill tax: Typical 2000 tipping charges (excluding landfill tax) Waste classification Changes (£/tonne) Non-hazardous wastes Hazardous wastes Special waste Contaminated liquid Contaminated sludge

5–10 10–20 12–25 12–35 35–45

Tipping charges fluctuate in relation to the grades of material a tip can accept at any point in time. This fluctuation is a further source of cost risk. Over the past two years, prices at licensed tips have varied by as much as 50%. In addition, a special waste regulation charge of £15 per load, equivalent to 80 p a tonne, is also payable. Landfill tax, currently charged at £11 a tonne for active waste, is also payable, although exemptions are currently available for the disposal of historically contaminated material.

The Landfill Tax The Tax The Landfill Tax came into operation on 1 October 1996. It is levied on operators of licensed landfill sites at the following rates: □ £2 per tonne □ £11 per tonne

- Inactive or inert wastes. Included are soil, stones, brick, plain and reinforced concrete, plaster and glass (refer to page 602 for a fuller list), - All other taxable wastes. Included are timber, paint and other organic wastes generally found in demolition work, builders skips etc..

From April 2000 the rate of £10 per tonne for “all other taxable wastes” was increased to £11 per tonne, whilst the rate for “inactive or inert wastes” remained at £2 per tonne. It is intended to raise the standard rate of landfill tax for “all other taxable wastes” in future years by an additional £1 per tonne each year. These increases will take place at least until 2004 when the standard rate will become £15 per tonne. Mixtures containing wastes not classified as inactive or inert will not qualify for the lower rate of tax unless the amount of non-qualifying material is small and there is no potential for pollution. Water can be ignored and the weight discounted. Calculating the Weight of Waste There are two options: □ If licensed sites have a weighbridge, tax will be levied on the actual weight of waste. □ If licensed sites do not have a weighbridge, tax will be levied on the permitted weight of the lorry based on an alternative method of calculation based on volume to weight factors for various categories of waste. Effect on Prices The tax is paid by Landfill site operators only. Tiping charges reflect this additional cost. Apart from the possible incidence of Landfill Tax, the cost of disposal will generally comprise the haulage cost plus a tipping charge which will vary according to the toxicity of the material. Example figures are shown on page 169. Exemptions The following disposals are exempt from Landfill Tax: □ dredgings which arise from the maintenance of inland waterways and harbours, □ naturally occurring materials arising from mining or quarrying operations,

□ waste resulting from the cleaning up of historically contaminated land (although to obtain and exemption it is first necessary to obtain a contaminated land certificate from Customs and Excise), □ waste removed from one site to be used on another or to be recycled or incinerated. An additional exemption was introduced from 1st October 1999 for inert waste used to restore landfill sites and to fill working and old quarries with a planning condition or obligation in existence to fill the void. For further information contact the Landfill Tax help line, telephone: 0645 128484.

Contents Preface to the Millenium Edition

vI

Land Remediation

viii

The Landfill Tax

xii

Contents

xv

Abbreviations

xvi

Acknowledgements

PART 1: GENERAL

xviii

1

PART 2: PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL ITEMS

14

PART 3: RESOURCES

33

PART 4: UNIT COSTS (CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS)

143

PART 5: UNIT COSTS (HIGHWAY WORKS)

363

PART 6: UNIT COSTS (ANCILLARY BUILDING WORKS)

492

PART 7: ONCOSTS AND PROFIT

534

PART 8: COSTS AND TENDER PRICES INDICES

540

PART 9: DAYWORK

547

PART 10: PROFESSIONAL FEES

553

PART 11: APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES

561

PART 12: OUTPUTS

581

PART 13: TABLES AND MEMORANDA

591

PART 14: UPDATES

665

INDEX

671

Abbreviations BS

British Standard

BSS

British Standard Specification

cwt

hundredweight

cu

cubic

DLE

Davis Langdon and Everest

DERV

diesel engine road vehicle

DoE

Department of Environment

Dtp

Department of Transport

ft

foot

ft

3

cubic foot

3

ft /min

cubic foot per minute

ha

hectare

HMSO

Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

hp

horsepower

hr

hour

in

inch

kg

kilogramme

km

kilometre

kVA

kilovolt ampere

kw

kilowatt

m

metre

2

m

square metre

3

m

cubic metre

µu

micron (10−3 millimetre)

mm 2

mm

millimetre square millimetre

N

newton

ne

not exceeding

NEDO

National Economic Development Office

nr

number

pa

per annum

PC

Prime Cost

sq

square

t

tonne

wk

week

yd

yard

yd3

cubic yard

Acknowledgements The Editors wish to record their appreciation of the assistance given by many individuals and organisations in the compliation of this edition. Materials suppliers and sub-contractors who have contributed this year include: Abacus Municipal Ltd Oddicroft Lane Sutton-in-Ashfield Notts NG17 5FT Street furniture 01623 511111 Fax: 01623 552133 ACO Technologies Plc Hitchin Road Shefford Beds SG17 5TE Drainage systems 01462 816666 Fax: 01462 851490 AMEC Civil Engineering Ltd Ten Acre Lane Thorpe Egham Surrey TW20 8RJ Tunnelling 01784 434433 Fax: 01784 439869 Anderson Sawmills Wrinehill Sawmills Betley Nr.Crewe Cheshire CW3 9BP Hardwoods 01270 820621 Fax: 01720 820658

ARC Conbloc PO Box 14 Appleford Road Sutton Courtney Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4UB Blockwork 01235 848808 Fax: 01235 846613 Artur Fischer (UK) Ltd Hithercroft Road Wallingford Oxon OX10 9AT Fixings 01491 833000 Fax: 01491 827953 Asset International Ltd Stephenson Street Newport Gwent NP9 0XH Steel culverts 01633 271906 Fax: 01633 290519 Avon Manufacturing (Warwick) Ltd P.O Box 42 Montague Road Warwick CV34 5LS Builder’s metalwork 01926 496331 Fax: 01926 400291 Bachy Group Foundation Court Godalming Business Centre Catteshall Lane Godalming Surrey GU7 1XW Diaphragm walling 01483 427311 Fax: 01483 417021 Barnard Pipeline PLC Lower Tower Street

Birmingham B19 3NL Coated steel pipes and fittings 0121 359 5531 Fax: 0121 359 8350 Beacon Hill Brick Co Ltd Wareham Road Corfe Mullen Wimborne Dorset BH21 3RX Brickwork 01202 697633 Fax: 01202 605141 Beaver 84 Ltd Beaver House Crompton Close Basildon Essex SS14 3AY Scaffolding 01268 530888 Fax: 01268 531888 Bell & Webster Concrete Ltd Alma Park Road Grantham Lincs NG31 9SE Precast concrete retaining walls 01476 62277 Fax: 01476 62944 Blockleys Plc Sommerfield Road Trench Lock Telford Shropshire TF1 4RY Bricks and pavers 01952 251933 Fax: 01952 641900 Blue Circle Portland House Aldermaston Berkshire RG7 4HP

Cement 01734 818444 Fax: 01734 818399 BM Stainless Steel Drains Ltd Station Road Industrial Estate Tadcaster N Yorkshire LS24 9SG Stainless steel pipes and fittings 01937 838000 Fax: 01937 832454 BRC Spencer Lichfield Road Stafford ST17 4NN Reinforcement and construction equipment 01785 57777 Fax: 01785 212268 British Seed Houses Ltd Bewsey Industrial Estate Pitt Street Warrington Cheshire WA5 5LE Horticultural products 01925 654411 Fax: 01925 230682 BSS (UK) Ltd Fleet House Lee Circle Leicester LE1 3QQ Steel pipes and fittings 0116 2623232 Fax: 0116 2531343 Bushboard Parker Ltd Rixon Road Finedon Road Industrial Estate Wellingborough Northants NN8 4BA Timber 01933 224983 Fax: 01933 270299 Capital Demolition

Capital House Woodham Park Road Addlestone Surrey KT15 3TG Demolition and clearance 01932 346222 Fax: 01932 340244 Caradon Terrain Ltd Larkfield-Reed Estate Aylesford Kent ME20 7PJ UPVC pipes 01622 717811 Fax: 01622 716920 CCL Systems Bridge Bearing Division Cabco House Elland Road Leeds West Yorkshire LS11 8BH Bridge Bearings 0113 270 1221 Fax: 0113 277 1628 Cementation Piling & Foundations Ltd Maple Cross House Denham Way Rickmansworth Herts WD3 2SW Precast concrete piles 01923 776666 Fax: 01923 777834 Charcon Hard Landscaping Hulland Ward Derby DE6 3ET Kerbs, edgings and pavings 01335 372222 Fax: 01335 370074 Colas Building Products Ltd Harvey Road Basildon Essex SS13 1EJ

Waterproofing 01268 591155 Fax: 01268 591165 Corus UK Limited PO Box 1 Scunthorpe S Humberside DN16 1BP Structural steel and steel piles 01724 404040 Fax: 01724 282599 Crown Berger Ltd PO Box 37 Crown House Hollins Road Darwen Lancs BB3 0BG Paints/finishes 01254 704951 Fax: 01254 760700 Crown Protective Coatings Hadrian Works Haltwistle Northumberland NE49 0HF Protective coatings 01434 320421 Fax: 01434 321698 CU Phosco Ltd Furlong Way Great Amwell Ware Herts SG12 9TA Lamp posts, bollards, street furniture 01920 462272 Fax: 01920 461370 Darfen Durafencing 18 Park Road Worsley Manchester M28 5EA Fencing Systems 0161 7908111 Fax: 0161 7038429

Dean & Dyball Marine Drivers Wharf Princes Street Northam Southampton SO14 0QP Dredging 01703 233366 Fax: 01703 234246 Drainage Systems Ltd Cray Avenue St Mary Cray Orpington Kent BR5 3RH Cast iron pipes and fittings 01689 891900 Fax: 01689 822372 EFCO UK Ltd 22–28 Meadow Close Ice Valley Industrial Estate Wellingborough Northants NN8 4BH Steel forms 01933 276775 Fax: 01933 276734 Expamet Building Products Ltd PO Box 52 Longhill Industrial Estate (North) Hartlepool Cleveland TS25 1PR Expanded metal products 01429 866688 Fax: 01429 866633 Finning Ltd Watling Street Cannock Staffs WS11 3LL Plant agents (Caterpillar) 01543 462551 Fax: 01543 573124 Fosroc-Expandite Ltd Pitfield

Kiln Farm Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK11 3LX Waterproofing and expansion joints 01908 261220 Fax: 01908 261467 GEM Professional Brookside Lane Oswaldtwistle Accrington Lancs BB5 3NY Landscaping materials 01254 393321 Fax: 01254 236775 Greenham Trading Ltd Greenham House 671 London Road Isleworth Middx TW7 4EX Contractors site equipment 0181 560 4422 Fax: 0181 569 9841 Hanson Brick Stewartby Bedford Beds MK43 9LZ Bricks 0990 258258 Fax: 01234 762040 Hanson Concrete Product Mells Frome Somerset BA11 3PD Precast concrete manholes 01373 812791 Fax: 01373 812442 H E Services Whitewall Road Strood Kent ME2 4DZ Plant Hire 01634 291491

Fax: 01634 295626 Hepworth Building Products Ltd Hazlehead Stocksbridge Sheffield S30 5HG Clayware Pipes 01226 763561 Fax: 01226 764827 Hepworth Concrete Pipes Ltd Oakleigh House London Road Hartley Wintney Hants RG27 8PE Concrete pipes 01443 225458 Fax: 01443 237690 Hercules Piling Ltd Birchwood Way Cotes Park West Somercotes Derby DE55 4PY Piling contractors 01773 603091 Fax: 01773 540406 Hill & Smith Ltd PO Box 4 Canal Street Brierley Hill W Midlands DY5 1JL Safety fencing 01384 480084 Fax: 01384 480543 HM Plant Ltd 36–38 Castlefields Industrial Estate Bridgewater Somerset TA6 4DH Plant agents (Hitachi Excavators) 01278 425533 Fax: 01278 452511

Hopkins Parry Ltd Monastery Lane Sutton St Helens Merseyside WA9 3SP Rail track 01744 812780 Fax: 01744 815940 Inform U.K Covent Drive Denny End Road Waterbeach Cambridge CB5 9PB Formwork 01223 862230 Fax: 01223 440246 JCB Sales Rocester Staffs ST14 5JP Plant manufacturers 01889 590312 Fax: 01889 591507 Keyline Builder’s Merchants 23 Queen Street Wigan WN3 4DZ Geotextiles 01942 231242 Fax: 01942 824163 Klargester Environmental Products Ltd College Road Aston Clinton Aylesbury Bucks HP22 5EW Cesspools, septic tanks and interceptors 01296 630190 Fax: 01296 630263 James Latham Plc Leeside Wharf Mount Pleasant Hill Clapton London E5 9NG

Timber merchants 0208 806 3333 Fax: 0208 806 7249 Kvaerner Cementation Bentley House Lowton Way Hellaby Rotherham South Yorkshire S66 8RY Tunnelling 01709 701505 Fax: 01709 700020 Leigh’s Paints Tower Works Kestor Street Bolton Lancs NL2 2AL Paint/finishes 01204 521771 Fax: 01204 382115 Lotrak Don & Low Ltd St James Road Forfer Angus DD8 2AL Geotextiles 01307 452200 Fax: 01307 452422 L & R Roadlines Ltd 24–32 Forth Street Liverpool L20 8JW Road markings 0151 933 6293 Fax: 0151 922 3115 Maccaferri Ltd LB The Quorum Oxford Business Park Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2JY River and sea gabions 01865 770555

Fax: 01865 774550 Marley Extrusions Ltd Dickley Lane Lenham Maidstone Kent ME17 2DE UPVC drainage and rainwater systems 01622 858888 Fax: 01622 858725 Marshalls Mono Ltd Southowram Halifax W Yorks HX3 9SY Kerbs, edgings and pavings 01422 306000 Fax: 01422 330185 Marubeni Komatsu Ltd Padgets Lane Redditch Worcs B98 0RT Plant manufacturers 01527 512512 Fax: 01527 502310 Melcourt Industries Eight Bell House Tetbury Glos GL8 8JG Landscaping 01666 502711 Fax: 01666 504398 Mews Ltd Kinmel Park Royal Welch Avenue Bodelwyddan Clwyd LL18 5TY Road lighting and communications 01745 583381 Fax: 01745 584288 Milton Pipes Ltd Milton Regis

Sittingbourne Kent ME10 2QF Precast concrete culverts, manholes and retaining walls 01795 425191 Fax: 01795 420360 MMG Civil Engineering Systems Ltd Vermuyden House Wiggenhall St Germans Kings Lynn Norfolk PE34 3ES Geotextiles 01553 617791 Fax: 01553 617771 Michelmersh Brick and Tile Co Ltd Hillview Road Michelmersh Nr. Romsey Hants SO51 0NN Bricks 01794 368506 Fax: 01794 368845 Naylor Clayware Ltd Clough Green Cawthorne Barnsley S Yorks S75 4AD Clayware pipes and fittings 01226 790591 Fax: 01226 791531 Netlon Ltd New Wellington Street Blackburn BB2 4PJ Geotextiles 01254 262431 Fax: 01254 680008 Oldroyd Bros Ltd Chester Road Sutton Weaver Runcorn Cheshire WA7 3EG

Steel fabricators 01928 710666 Fax: 01928 710941 Parker Merchanting Ltd Unit 4, Horton Industrial Park, Horton Road, West Drayton, Middlesex UB7 8JD Geotextiles, Consumable stores 01895 425107 Fax: 01895 431473 Pearce Signs Ltd Murray Road Orpington Kent BR5 3QA Traffic Signs 01689 892 500 Fax: 01689 892 518 PHI Group Ltd Harcourt House Cheltenham Glos GL50 3DA Retaining walls 01242 510199 Fax: 01242 222569 PHI Group Ltd Jolen House Solartron Road Farnborough Hants GU14 7QL Crib walling 01252 549334 Fax: 01252 521998 Platipus Anchors Ltd Perrywood Business Park Honeycrock Lane Surrey RH1 5DZ Earth anchors 01737 762300 Fax: 01737 773395 Polyfelt Geosynthetics (UK) Ltd Unit C2

Haybrook Industrial Estate Halesfield 9, Telford Shropshire TF7 4QW Geotextiles 01952 588066 Fax: 01952 588466 Powell Duffryn Bricks Ltd Danygraig Road Risca Gwent NP1 6DP Bricks 01633 612671 Fax: 01633 601280 PSE Machinery Ltd Thorney Mill Road West Drayton Middx UB7 7EZ Excavator attachments 01895 444115 Fax: 01895 441905 Rapid Metal Developments Ltd Stubbers Green Road Aldridge Walsall WS9 8BW Temporary works equipment, construction equipment 01922 743743 Fax: 01922 743400 The Rawlplug Company Ltd Skibo Drive Thornlie Bank Industrial Estate Glasgow G46 8JR Fixings 0141 638 7961 Fax: 0141 638 7397 Ready Mix Concrete (NW) Ltd RMC House St Mary’s Road Widnes Cheshire WA8 0DL

Concrete (Ready Mix) 0151 424 5521 Fax: 0151 495 1235 Redland Bricks Ltd P.O Box 3 Brampton Hill Newcastle—Under—Lyme Staffs ST5 0QU Bricks 01782 715500 Fax: 01782 715511 Rees/Hough (Civil Engineering) Ltd Nowhurst Lane Broadbridge Heath Horsham W Sussex RH12 3PL Pipe jacking 01403 68722 Fax: 01403 210072 Reinforced Earth Company Ltd Horton Wood Telford Shropshire TF1 4QY Reinforced earth systems, crash barriers, noise attenuation 01952 201901 Fax: 01952 201753 Richard Lees Ltd London & Southern Region Office Ford Airfield Arundel W Sussex BN18 0BN Precast concrete 01903 716181 Fax: 01903 725996 RIW Ltd Arc House Terrace Road South Binfield Bracknel Berks RG42 4PZ

Waterproofing 01344 861988 Fax: 01344 862010 Rolawn (Turf Growers) Ltd Elvington York Y04 5AR Turf 01904 608661 Fax: 01904 608272 ROM Ltd Meadowhall Road Sheffield S9 1ED Reinforcement and construction equipment 0114 2560152 Fax: 0114 2561011 Sadolin Nobel (UK) Ltd Sadolin House Meadow Lane St Ives Cambs PE17 4UY Timber treatment 01480 496868 Fax: 01480 496801 Selwood Ltd Bournemouth Road Chandlers Ford Eastleigh Hants S05 3ZL Plant hire 01703 266311 Fax: 01703 260906 Servicised Ltd Ajax Avenue Slough Berks SL1 4BH Waterproofing/expansion joints 01753 692929 Fax: 01753 691623 Sinclair Foundry Products P O Box 3

Sinclair Works Ketley Telford Shropshire TF1 4AD Manhole covers and street furniture 01952 641414 Fax: 01952 243760 Solignum Ltd Thames Road Crayford Kent DA1 4QJ Protective Coatings 01628 476757 Fax: 01628 486644 Square Grip Ltd Woodside Avenue Eastleigh Hampshire S05 4ZT Retaining wall systems 01703 617144 Fax: 01703 620565 Stanton Plc Lows Lane Stanton-By-Dale Derbyshire DE7 4QU Cast iron pipes and fittings polymer concrete channels 0115 9305000 Fax: 0115 9329513 Stent Foundations Ltd Osborn Way Hook Hampshire RG27 9EX Piling and foundations 01256 763161 Fax: 01256 768614 Stocksigns Ltd Ormside Way Redhill Surrey RH1 2LG Road signs and posts 01737 764764 Fax: 01737 763763

Sykes Groundwater Control Ltd Premier House Wolverhampton W Midlands WV2 3DB Groundwater controls 01902 458111 Fax: 01902 22466 Talfab Building Products Blackpole Trading Estate Worcester WR3 8TJ Cladding 01905 754030 Fax: 01905 754037 Tarmac Topblock Ltd Wergs Hall Wergs Hall Road Wolverhampton W Midlands WV8 2HZ Blockwork 01902 754131 Fax: 01902 743171 Tarmac Tallington Factory Stamford Lincs PE9 4RL Pre stressed concrete beams 01778 311444 Fax: 01778 348041 Terram Ltd Mamilhad Pontypool Gwent NP4 0YR Geotextiles 01495 757722 Fax: 01495 762383 Terry’s Timber Ltd 35 Regent Road Liverpool L5 9SR Timber 0151 207 4444 Fax: 0151 298 1443

Tilcon Ltd Building Products Group Lingerfield Scotton N Yorks HG5 9JN Ready mix concrete 01423 864041 Fax: 01423 864049 The Water Group Ltd The Belfry Court Road Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8LQ Dredging 01628 36660 Fax: 01628 773802 Varley and Gulliver Ltd Alfred Street Sparkbrook Birmingham B12 8JR Bridge parapets 0121 773 2441 Fax: 0121 766 6875 Vibroflotation Site D3 Red Scar Industrial Estate Longridge Road Preston PR2 5NQ Ground Consolidation—Vibroflotation 01772 703113 Fax: 01772 703114 Volvo Construction Equipment GB Ltd Duxford Cambridge CB2 4QX Plant manufacturers 01223 836636 Fax: 01223 832357 The Water Group Ltd The Belfry Court Road

Maidenhead Berkshire SL6 8LQ Dredging 01628 36660 Fax: 01628 773802 Wavin Building Products Ltd Parsonage Way Chippenham Wilts SN15 5PN UPVC drain pipes and fittings 01249 654121 Fax: 01249 443286 Weatherwise (Roofing & Walling) Ltd St Mark’s House St Mark’s Road, Saltney Chester CH4 8DQ Roofing and cladding contractors 01244 681876 Fax: 01244 681877 Williamson Cliff Ltd Little Casterton Road Stamford Lincolnshire PE9 4DA Bricks 01780 764383 Fax: 01780 753295 Wimpey Geotech Ltd Chester Road Castle Bromwich Birmingham B35 7AH Geotechnical investigations and processes 0121 747 4800 Fax: 0121 776 7236 Wells Spiral Tubes Ltd Prospect Works Airedale Road Keighley W Yorks BD21 4LW Steel culverts 01535 664231 Fax: 01535 664235

Winn & Coates (Denso) Ltd Denso House Chapel Road London SE27 0TR Denso products 0181 670 7511 Fax: 0181 761 2456

PART 1 General

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PURPOSE AND CONTENT OF THE BOOK For many years the Editors have compiled a price book for use in the building industry with, more recently, companion volumes for use in connection with engineering services contracts and landscaping work. All of these price books take their reliability from the established practice within these sectors of the construction industry of pricing work by the application of unit rates to quantities measured from the designer’s drawings. This practice is valid because most building work can be carried out under similar circumstances regardless of site location; a comparatively low proportion of contract value is subject to the risks that attend upon work below ground level; and once the building envelope is complete most trades can proceed without serious disruption from the weather. This is not, however, the general method of pricing Civil Engineering work: the volume of work below ground, increased exposure to weather and the tremendous variety of projects, in terms of type, complexity and scale, makes the straightforward use of unit rates less reliable. So, whilst even in building work similar or identical measured items attract a fairly broad range of prices, the range is much greater in Civil Engineering Bills. This uncertainty is compounded by the lower number of bill items generated under Civil Engineering Methods of Measurement, so that the precise nature of the work is less apparent from the bill descriptions and the statistical effect of ‘swings and roundabouts’ has less scope to average out extremes of pricing. To prepare a price for a Civil Engineering project, then, it is necessary to have regard to the method to be adopted in executing the work, draw up a detailed programme and then cost out the resources necessary to prosecute the chosen method. Because the first part of this process is the province of the Contractor’s planner, there has been a tendency to postpone detailed estimating until the tendering stage itself, with the employer relying up to that point upon an estimate prepared on a ‘broad brush’ basis. The result has been a growing pressure on the part of project sponsors for an improvement in budgetary advice, so that a decision to commit expenditure to a particular project is taken on firmer grounds. The absence of a detailed pricing method during the pre-contract phase also inhibits the accurate costing of alternative designs and regular cost checking to ensure that the design is being developed within the employer’s budget. This book therefore seeks to draw together the information appropriate to two methods of pricing: the cost of resources for use where an operational plan has been outlined, and unit rates for use where quantities can be taken from available drawings. To take some note of the range of unit rates that might apply to an item, the rates themselves are in some cases related to working method—for example by identifying the different types of plant that would suit varying circumstances. Nonetheless, it would be folly to propose that all types of Civil Engineering work could be covered by a price book such as this. The Editors have therefore had in mind the type and scale of work commissioned by a local authority, a public corporation or a large private company. This does embrace the great majority of work undertaken by the industry each year. Although almost all projects will have individual features that require careful attention in pricing, there will be some projects that are so specialist that they will not conform to standard pricing information at all.

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But for most projects, within the range of work covered, this book should provide a firm foundation of cost information upon which a job-specific estimate can be built. The contents of the book are therefore set out in a form that permits the user to follow the estimating process through in a structured way, as follows: Part 1: General The balance of this section describes in narrative form the work stages normally followed in a Contractor’s office from receipt of the tender documents through to the submission of the tender. Part 2: Preliminaries and General Items Containing a checklist of items to be priced with Preliminaries and General Items (or ‘Method Related Charges’) and a worked example containing specific cost information. Part 3: Resources This deals with the basic cost of resources, so that a resource-based system of estimating can be adopted where it is possible to develop an outline programme and method statement. Reference to this section will also assist the user to make adjustments to unit rates where different labour or material costs are thought to apply and to calculate analogous rates for work based on the hypothetical examples given. It is stressed that all of the costs given in this section are exclusive of the items costed with the preliminaries and of financing charges, head office overheads and profit. In addition, the materials and plant costs as shown are gross, with no deduction of discount. Part 4 and 5: Unit Costs These sections are structured around methods of measurement for Civil Engineering Work and gives ‘trade by trade’ unit rates for those circumstances where the application of unit rates to measured quantities is possible and practical. Again, it is stressed that the rates are exclusive of the items costed with preliminaries and of financing charges, head office overheads and profit. Both materials and plant costs are adjusted to allow a normal level of discount, with allowances for materials wastage and plant usage factors. Part 6: Ancillary Building Work This section is to be utilised in conjunction with Parts 4 and 5 to enable the user to incorporate within the estimate items more normally associated with Building Work rather than Civil Engineering and which do not fall readily under recognised methods of measurement for Civil Engineering Work. Due to the diversity of items that fall under such a definition, because of specification differences, the format for this section is structured to incorporate a range of items to allow the production of the estimate for such items prior to detailed design information being available. Additionally this section includes, in the same format, items covering simple Building Works which occur in

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connection with a Civil Engineering Contract but which do not form a significant proportion of the overall value and therefore do not need to be estimated in great detail using Parts 4 and 5 unit rates. Part 7: Oncosts & Profit Having produced an estimate for the predicted cost of the work, being the sum of the preliminaries and the measured work, the estimate must be converted to a tender by the application of any adjustment made by management (which follows the Management Appraisal described later in this Part of the book) and by additions for financing charges, head office overheads and profit. These additions are discussed in this section and also included is a worked example of a tender summary. Part 8: Costs and Tender Prices Indices The cost and tender price indices included in this part of the book provide a basis for updating historical cost or price information, by presenting changes in the indices since 1986. Part 9: Daywork Including details of the FCEC daywork schedule and advice on costing excluded items. Part 10: Professional Fees These contain reference to standard documentation relating to professional fees for Consulting Engineers and Quantity Surveyors. Part 11: Approximate Estimates The prices in this section have been assembled from a number of sources, including the relevant items in the unit costs section and recovered data from recent projects. They are intended to give broad price guides or to assist in comparison exercises. Part 12: Outputs Scheduled here are various types of operations and the outputs expected of them. Also listed are man hours for various trades found in Civil Engineering. Part 13: Tables and Information These include conversion tables, formulae, and a series of reference tables structured around trade headings.

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Part 14: Updates This section is a pro-forma update which allows the user of the book to insert the adjustments to the published prices as and when they are advised through the free quarterly updating bulletin.

OUTLINE OF THE TENDERING AND ESTIMATING PROCESS This section of the book outlines the nature and purpose of Civil Engineering estimating and provides background information for users. It comprises an outline of the estimating and tendering process with supporting notes and commentaries on particular aspects. Some worked examples on tender preparation referred to in this part are included at the end of part 7. It must be emphasised that the main purpose of this book is to aid the estimating process, thus it is concerned more with the predicted cost of Civil Engineering work than with the prices in a bill of quantities. To ensure the correct interpretation of the information provided it is important to distinguish clearly between estimating and tendering; the following definitions are followed throughout. The estimate is the prediction of the cost of a project to the Contractor. The Tender is the price submitted by the Contractor to the Employer. The tender is based on the estimate with adjustments being made after review by management; these include allowances for risk, overheads, profit and finance charges. As discussed later in this section, prices inserted against individual items in a bill of quantities may not necessarily reflect the true cost of the work so described due to the view taken by the Contractor on the risks and financial aspects involved in executing the work. The following list summarises the activities involved in the preparation of a tender for a typical Civil Engineering project. The diagram that follows illustrates the relationships between the activities and, after the diagram, notes on factors affecting each stage of the process are given. 1. An overall appraisal of the project is made. 2. Material requirements are abstracted from the tender documents and prices are obtained from suppliers. Details of work normally sub-contracted are abstracted, together with relevant extracts from the tender documents and prices are obtained from sub-contractors. 3. The site of the works and the surrounding area is visited and studied. Local information is obtained on factors affecting the execution of the contract. 4. A programme and a detailed method of working for the execution of the contract is prepared. This will include details of plant requirements, temporary works, unmeasured work, appropriate supervisory staff, etc. 5. Designs are made for temporary works and other features left to be designed by the Contractor, and quantities are taken off for costing. 6. Major quantities given in the tender documents are checked.

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7. The cost estimate for the project is prepared by costing out all of the resources identified by stages 2 to 6. An appraisal is made on the conditions of contract, financial requirements, etc. and an assessment of risk/opportunity is prepared. 8. The tender documents are priced. 9. Management reviews the estimate, evaluates the risks and makes allowances for overheads, profit and finance. 10. The tender is completed and submitted.

1. INITIAL APPRAISAL The purpose of the initial overall appraisal is to highlight any high value areas or any particular problems which could require specialist attention, it can also identify possible alternative methods of construction or temporary works. Tender lists are usually very selective and Contractors will have earned their place on them, therefore tenders are rarely declined or returned, a client who has an enquiry declined may not invite that Contractor to price for work again. Other points to be considered: □ the location and type of project and its suitability to the tenderer’s particular expertise □ the size of project, its financing requirement, the proportion of annual turnover it would represent and the availability of resources □ the size of the tender list and the nature of the competition □ the identity of the employer and his professional consultants □ the adequacy of the tender documents □ an initial appraisal of risk and opportunity (see Section 8)

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At the same time, it is essential for the estimator to study the contract documents issued with the enquiry or made available for inspection and note those parts which will affect pricing or involve the Contractor in risks which must be evaluated later and drawn to the attention of management. The following comments are indicative only: Conditions of Contract For Civil Engineering work these are normally based on the standard form of contract issued by the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Association of Consulting Engineers and the Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors and generally known as the ‘ICE Conditions of Contract’. Some employing authorities have their own standard conditions of contract which are usually based on the ICE conditions but with additions and amendments to some of the clauses. Other employers and consultants use the basic form with amendments included with the contract documents. The estimator must study and understand the implications of any variations and amendments. Bill of Quantities This serves three purposes: first and foremost it must be prepared with the objective of providing the estimator with as accurate a picture of the project as possible, so as to provide a proper basis for pricing. Second, it should enable the employer to compare tenders on an equal basis and third it will be used to evaluate the work executed for payment purposes. Individual items in the Bill do not necessarily describe in detail the work to be carried out under a particular item; reference must be made to the specification and the drawings to ascertain the full scope of the work involved. The method of preparing the Bill may be based on the ‘Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement’ issued by the Institution of Civil Engineers or the ‘Method of Measurement for Highway Works’ issued by the Department of Transport, but some employing authorities have evolved their own methods and it is important for the estimator to study the Bill and its preambles to ensure that his rates and prices are comprehensive. Specification This gives a detailed description of the workmanship, finish and materials to be used in the construction of the work. It may also give completion periods for sections and/or the whole of the work together with details of the requirements for the employer and/or the Consulting Engineer in connection with their supervision on site. Water Authority and Highway Works in particular are based around a standard specification. Drawings These give details of the work to be carried out and must be read in conjunction with the specification. It is important for the estimator to study the notes and descriptions given on the drawings as these amplify the specification.

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Should the estimator discover any conflict between the various documents, it is important to have such discrepancies clarified by the Employer or Engineer prior to submission of any offer.

2. OBTAINING PRICES (a) Materials When pricing materials, the following points must be noted: □ checks must be made to ensure that the quality of materials to be supplied meets with the requirements of the specification. If necessary, samples should be obtained and tested for compliance □ checks must be made to ensure that the rates of delivery and fabrication periods can meet the demands of the programme. It is sometimes necessary to use more than one supplier, with differing prices, to ensure a sufficient flow of materials □ tests should be carried out to ascertain allowances to be made for operations such as compaction of soils and aggregates. Records of past contracts using similar materials can give this information, providing such records are accurate and reliable (b) Sub-contractors It is common practice among Civil Engineering Contractors to sub-contract a significant proportion of their work. This is done for two main reasons: □ to avoid the necessity of holding large amounts of special plant (earthmoving equipment for example) or specialised labour which, without continuity of work, generally have low utilisation and therefore provide low return on capital employed □ to spread the risks inherent in work of this nature Sub-contracted work can form up to 65–70% of the value of measured work. When utilising sub-contractors’ prices it is extremely important to ensure that the rates given cover the full extent of the work described in the main contract, and that the subcontractors quotation allows for meeting the main Tender programme and methods of working.

3. SITE VISIT Factors to check during the site visit include: □ access □ limitations of working space □ existing overhead and underground services □ nearby public transport routes □ availability of services—water, gas, electricity, telephone, etc. □ availability of labour and sub-contractors

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□ availability of materials—particularly aggregates and fill materials location of nearest tipping facility □ nature of the ground, including inspection of trial bores/pits if dug ground water level □ presence of other Contractors working on or adjacent to the site.

4. METHOD STATEMENT AND PROGRAMME Whilst an estimate is being prepared it is preferable that a detailed method of working and a programme for the execution of the works is drawn up; the latter can take the form of a bar chart or, for large and more complex projects, may be prepared by more sophisticated means such as a precedence or critical path network. Compliance with the employer’s target completion dates is, of course, essential. The method of working will depend on this programme in so far as the type and size of plant and the gang sizes to be used must be capable of achieving the output necessary to meet the programmed times. Allowance must be made for delays due to adverse weather and other hazards particular to the site. A method statement is prepared in conjunction with the programme, setting out the resources required, outputs to be achieved and the requirements in respect of temporary works, etc. At the same time, separate bar charts may be produced giving: □ plant requirements □ staff and site supervision requirements □ labour requirements. Where practical and economic, the method of working will be based on the use of Contractor-owned plant, but Contractors will also generally use hired plant especially where their overall utilisation of an item of plant is less than about 70% of its available working time. These programmes and method statements will form the basis of the actual contract programme should the tender be accepted. They will also enable the Contractor to assure himself that he has available or can gain access to the necessary resources in plant, labour, materials and supervision to carry out the work should he be awarded the contract.

5. DESIGN OF TEMPORARY WORKS, ETC Normally the period of time allowed for tendering is relatively short and therefore it is important that those aspects requiring design work are recognised as early as possible in the tender period. Design can be carried out either by the Contractor using his own engineers or by utilising the services of a Consulting Engineer. There are three aspects of design to be considered:

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A. Temporary works to the Contractor’s requirements to enable the works to be constructed Design of temporary works covers the design of those parts of the work for which the Contractor accepts full responsibility in respect of stability and safety during construction. Such parts include support structures, cofferdams, temporary bridges, jetties and river diversions, special shuttering, scaffolding, etc. Design must be in sufficient detail to enable materials, quantities and work content to be assessed and priced by the estimator. In designing such work, it is important that adequate attention is given to working platforms and access for labour and plant and also to ease of dismantling and reerection for further uses without damage. It should be noted that many specialist sub-contractors will provide a design service when submitting quotations. For example, scaffolding Contractors will design suitable support work for soffit shuttering, etc. B. Specific items of the permanent works to meet a performance specification set out by the client or the Consulting Engineer It is common practice for certain parts of the work to be specified by means of a performance specification. For example, concrete is specified by strength only, piles by load carrying capacity, etc. It is then left to the Contractor to use those materials, workmanship and design which he feels are most suited to the particular site and conditions. In many cases such design will be carried out by specialist suppliers or subcontractors. C. Alternative designs for sections of the permanent works where the Contractor’s experience leads him to consider that a more economical design could be used It is possible for a Contractor to use his expertise and experience to design and submit alternative proposals and prices for complete sections of the permanent work without, of course, altering the basic requirements of the original design. Examples would be foundations in difficult ground conditions, bridge superstructures, use of precast in place of in situ concrete, etc. Such designs may be carried out by the Contractor’s own staff or in conjunction with Consulting Engineers or specialist Contractors Obviously this is only done when the Contractor can offer considerable savings in cost and/or a reduced construction period. It is necessary to include a price for the original design in the tender, but the decision to submit a keen tender may be underpinned by the hope of sharing such savings with the Employer. In all cases, the Contractor’s designs and calculations must be checked and approved by the Employer’s Consulting Engineer, but such checks and approvals do not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities for the safety and stability of the work. Where any design work is undertaken it is important to ensure that adequate design insurance is maintained.

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6. QUANTITIES CHECK Working within obvious time constraints, the estimating team will endeavour to complete a quantities check on at least the major and high price quantities of the Bill, as this could affect his pricing strategy, for example, in pricing provisional items. If any major discrepancies are noted these should be referred to the management appraisal agenda.

7. COST ESTIMATE At this stage the estimator draws together the information and prepares a cost estimate made up of: □ preliminaries and general items (see part 2) □ temporary works □ labour, costed by reference to the method statement, with appropriate allowances for labour oncosts (non-productive overtime, travelling time/fares, subsistence, guaranteed time, bonus, Employer’s Liability Insurance, training, statutory payments, etc.) (see page 38–39) □ material costs taken from price lists or suppliers’ quotations, with appropriate allowances for waste □ plant, whether owned or hired, with appropriate allowances for transport to/from site, erection/ dismantling, maintenance, fuel and operation. Heavy static plant (batching plant, tower cranes, etc.) will normally be priced with general items; the remainder will normally be allocated to the unit rates □ sublet work, as quoted by specialist sub-contractors, with appropriate allowances for all attendances required to be provided by the main Contractor At the same time, a preliminary assessment of risk/opportunity will be made for consideration with the Management Appraisal (see Section 8 below). This will include a look at: □ weather conditions—costs not recoverable by claims under the Conditions of Contract, ground becoming unsuitable for working due to the effect of weather, etc. □ flooding—liability of site to flooding and the consequent costs □ suitability of materials—particular risk can arise if prices are based on the use of borrow pits or quarries and inadequate investigation has been carried out or development is refused by the local authorities □ reliability of sub-contractors—failure of a sub-contractor to perform can result in higher costs through delays to other operations and employing an alternative subcontractor at higher cost □ non-recoverable costs—such as excesses on insurance claims □ estimator’s ability—e.g.. outputs allowed. This can only be gauged from experience □ cost increase allowances for fixed price contract □ terms and conditions contained in the contract documents □ ability to meet specification requirements for the prices allowed □ availability of adequate and suitable labour

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Risk is, of course, balanced by opportunity and consideration needs to be given to areas for which particular expertise possessed by the Contractor will lead to a price advantage against other tenderers.

8. PRICING THE TENDER Once the cost estimate is complete, the estimator prices the items in the Bill. The rate to be entered against the items at this stage should be the correct rate for doing the job, whatever the quantity shown. Where the overall operation covers a number of differing Bill items, the estimator will allocate the cost to the various items in reasonable proportions; the majority of the work is priced in this manner. The remaining items are normally priced by unit rate calculation. Resources schedules, based on the programme and giving details of plant, labour and staff, perform an important role in enabling the estimator to check that he has included the total cost of resources for the period they are required on site. It is not unusual for an item of plant to be used intermittently for more than one operation. A check on the total time for which the cost has been included in the estimate against the total time the item is needed on site as shown on the programme, gives a period of non-productive time. The cost of this is normally included in site oncosts and preliminaries. A similar situation can arise in the cases of skilled labour, craftsmen and plant drivers. Having priced the Bill at cost, there will remain a sum to be spread over the Bill items. The way in which this is done depends on the view taken by the Contractor of the project; for example: □ sums can be put against the listed general items in the Preliminaries Bill □ a fixed ‘Adjustment Item’ can be included in the Bill for the convenience of the estimator. This can be used for the adjustment made following the Management Appraisal, and for taking advantage of any late but favourable quotations received from sub-contractors or suppliers □ the balance can be spread over the rates by equal percentage on all items, or by unequal percentages to assist in financing the contract or to take advantage of possible contract variations, or expected quantity changes (see notes against 7) The Contractor will normally assess the financial advantages to be gained from submitting his bid in this manner and possibly enabling him to submit a more competitive offer. After completing the pricing of all aspects of the tender, the total costs are summarised and profit, risk, etc., added to arrive at the total value of the Tender. A suggested form of this summary is set out in part 7: Oncosts and Profit. Finally, reasonable forecasts of cash flow and finance requirements are essential for the successful result of the project. Preliminary assessments may have been made for the information of management, but contract cash flow and the amount of investment required to finance the work can now be estimated by plotting income against expenditure using the programme of work and the priced Bill of Quantities. Payment in arrears and retentions, both from the Employer and to the suppliers and sub-contractors, must be taken into account.

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It is unlikely that sufficient time will be available during the tender period to produce such information accurately, but an approximate figure, for use as a guide for finance requirements, can be assessed. The assumption is made that all work which is subcontracted is self financing—i.e. that the sub-contractor is paid after the main Contractor receives payment and that the same contract conditions and terms of payment apply. A worked example is set out in part 7: Oncosts and Profit.

9. MANAGEMENT APPRAISAL Clearly, as far as the detail of the tender build-up is concerned, management must rely upon its established tendering procedures and upon the experience and skill of its estimators. The Management Appraisal will therefore concentrate upon matters of policy and factors having a significant impact upon cost or price, including a review of: □ the major quantities □ the programme and method statement □ plant usage □ major suppliers and/or sub-contractors, and discounts □ the nature of the competition □ risk and opportunity □ contract conditions, including in particular the level of damages for late completion, the minimum amount of certificates, retention and bonding requirements □ cash flow and finance □ margin for head office overheads and profit □ the weighting and spreading of the cost estimate over the measured items in the Bill

10. SUBMISSION OF TENDER On completion of the tender, the documents are read over and then despatched to the employer in accordance with the conditions set down in the invitation letter. A complete copy of the tender as submitted should be retained by the Contractor. Drawings on which the offer has been based should be clearly marked ‘Tender Copy’, their numbers recorded and the drawings filed for future reference. These documents will then form the basis for price variations should the design be amended during the currency of the contract. The Contractor may wish to qualify his offer to clarify the basis of his price. Normally such qualifications are included in a letter accompanying the tender. Legally the Form of Tender constitutes the offer and it is important that reference to such a letter is made on the Form of Tender to ensure that it forms part of the offer. Wording such as ‘and our letter dated…, reference…’ should be added prior to quoting the Tender Sum. Before any qualifications are quoted, careful note must be taken of the ‘instructions to tenderers’ as qualifications; or at least qualifications submitted without a conforming tender, may be forbidden.

PART 2 Preliminaries and General Items This part deals with that portion of Civil Engineering costs not, or only indirectly, related to the actual quantityof work being carried out. It comprises a definition of Method Related Charges, a checklist of items to be accounted for on a typical Civil Engineering contract and a worked example illustrating how the various items on the checklist can be dealt with. Keep your figures up to date, free of charge Now available to download from the web: www.pricebooks.co.uk This section, and most of the other information in this Price Book, is brought up to date every three months with the Price Book Updates, until the next annual edition. The Updates are available free to all Price Book purchasers. To ensure you receive your free copies, either complete the reply card from the centre of the book and return it to us or register via the website http://www.pricebooks.co.uk/

METHOD RELATED CHARGES Although the more familiar terminology of Preliminaries and General Items is used in this book the principle of Method Related Charges—separating non quantity related charges from quantity related charges—is adopted. Generally the former are dealt within this part, while the latter are dealt with in part 4: Unit Costs. In this part non quantity related charges are further subdivided into those that are time related and those that are non time related. The concept of METHOD RELATED CHARGES can be summarised as follows:In commissioning Civil Engineering work the Employer buys the materials left behind, but only hires from the Contractor the men and machines which manipulate them, and the management skills to manipulate them effectively. It is logical to assess their values in the same terms as the origin of their costs. It is illogical not to do so if the Employer is to retain the right at any time to vary what is left behind and if the financial uncertainties affecting Employer and Contractors are to be minimised. Tenderers have the option to define a group of bill items and insert charges against them to cover those expected costs which are not proportional to the quantities of Permanent Works. To distinguish these items they are called Method Related Charges. They are themselves divided into charges for recurrent or time related cost elements, such as maintaining site facilities or operating major plant, and charges for elements which are neither recurrent nor directly related to quantities, such as setting up, bringing plant to site and Temporary Works.’

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Another hope expressed with the introduction of Method Related Charges was that they should accurately reflect the work described in the item and that they should not, as had become the practice with some of the vague general items frequently included in Civil Engineering Bills, be used as a home for lump sum tender adjustments quite unrelated to the item. Where cost information is given in the worked example presented at the end of this part of the book, therefore, it must be stressed that only direct and relevant costs are quoted. Where no detailed information is available, it is suggested that when preparing a preliminary estimate, an addition of between 7 1/2%–15% of net contract value is made to cover Contractor’s Site Oncosts both time and non time related.

CHECKLIST OF ITEMS The following checklist is representative but not exhaustive. It lists and describes the major preliminary and general items which are included, implicitly or explicitly, in a typical Civil Engineering contract and, where appropriate, gives an indication of how they might be costed. Generally contract documents give detailed requirements for the facilities and equipment to be provided for the Employer and for the Engineer’s representative and Bills of Quantities provide items against which these may be priced; no such items are provided for Contractor’s site oncosts or, usually, for temporary works and general purpose plant. For completeness a checklist of both types of item is given here under the following main headings: □ Contractor’s site oncosts □ time related □ non time related □ Employer’s and consultants’ site requirements □ time related □ non time related □ Other services, charges and fees □ Temporary works (other than those included in unit costs) □ General-purpose plant (other than that included in unit costs)

CONTRACTOR’S SITE ONCOSTS—TIME RELATED Site staff salaries All non-productive supervisory staff on site including; agent, sub-agent, engineers, general foremen, non-productive section foremen, clerks, typists, timekeepers, checkers, quantity surveyors, cost engineers, security guards, etc. Cost includes salaries, subsistence allowance, National Health Insurance and Pension Scheme contributions, etc. Average cost approximately 3% to 5% of contract value.

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Site staff expenses Travelling, hotel and other incidental expenses incurred by staff. Average cost approximately 1% of staff salaries. Attendant labour Chainmen, storemen, drivers for staff vehicles, watchmen, cleaners, etc. General yard labour Labour employed on loading and offloading stores, general site cleaning, removal of rubbish, etc. Plant maintenance Fitters, electricians, and assistants engaged on general plant maintenance on site. This excludes drivers and banksmen who are provided for specifically in the Unit Costs Sections. Site transport for staff and general use Vehicles provided for use of staff and others including running costs, licence and insurance and maintenance if not carried out by site fitters. Transport for labour to and from site Buses or coaches provided for transporting employees to and from site including cost of drivers and running costs, etc., or charges by coach hire company for providing this service Contractor’s office rental This includes: rental charges for provision of offices for Contractor’s staff main office section offices timekeepers, checkers and security laboratory, etc. an allowance of approximately 8 m2 per staff member should be made

Contractor’s site huts Rental charges for stores and other general-use site huts Canteen and welfare huts Rental charges for canteen and huts for other welfare facilities required under Rule XVI of the Working Rule Agreement Rates Chargeable by local authorities on any site, temporary buildings or quarry

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17

General office expenditure Provision of postage, stationery and other consumables for general office use Telephone and calls Rental charges and charges for calls Telex and calls Rental charges and charges for calls Furniture and equipment Rental charges for office furniture and equipment including photocopiers, calculators, typewriters, personal computers and laser printers, etc. Surveying equipment Rental Canteen and welfare equipment Rental charges for canteen and other welfare equipment Radio communication equipment Rental Testing and laboratory equipment Rental Lighting and heating for offices and huts Electricity, gas or other charges in connection with lighting and heating site offices and hutting Site lighting electrical consumption Electricity charges in connection with general external site lighting Water consumption Water rates and charges Canteen operation Labour, consumables and subsidy costs in operating site canteens Carpenter’s shop equipment Rental of building and mechanical equipment Fitter’s shop equipment Rental of building and equipment

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Small tools Povision of small tools and equipment for general use on site. Average cost 5% of total labour cost Protective clothing Provision of protective clothing for labour including boots, safety helmets, etc. Average cost 1/2% of total labour cost Traffic control Hire and operation of traffic lights Road lighting Hire and operation of road lighting and traffic warning lights Cleaning vehicles Equipment and labour cleaning vehicles before entering public roads Cleaning roads and footpaths Equipment and labour cleaning public roads and footpaths Progress photographs for Contractor’s records Cost of taking and processing photographs to demonstrate progress Rent of additional land For Contractor’s use for erection of huts, storage of soil and other materials, etc.

CONTRACTOR’S SITE ONCOSTS—NON TIME RELATED Staff removal expenses Costs of staff moving house to new location. Generally only applies on longer-term contracts. Erection of offices including drainage, paths, etc. Construction of foundations, drainage, footpaths and parking areas, erection of huts, installation of electric wiring, in situ fittings and decorating, etc. Dismantle offices and restore site on completion Dismantling and taking away huts and furniture, disconnecting and removing services, removing temporary foundations etc. and re-instating ground surface to condition prevailing before construction. Erection of general site huts Construction of foundations, drainage, footpaths and parking areas, erection of huts, installation of electric wiring, in situ fittings and decorating, etc.

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Dismantle general site huts Dismantling and taking away huts and furniture, disconnecting and removing services, removing temporary foundations etc. and re-instating ground surface to condition prevailing before construction Erection of canteen and welfare huts Construction of foundations, drainage, footpaths and parking areas, erection of huts, installation of electric wiring, in situ fittings and decorating, etc. Dismantle canteen and welfare huts Dismantling and taking away huts and furniture, disconnecting and removing services, removing temporary foundations etc. and re-instating ground surface to condition prevailing before construction Caravan site construction and clearance Construction of site for employees’ caravans including provision for water, electricity and drainage, and subsequently clear away and restore site on completion, allow credit for any charges to be levied Telephone installation Charges for initial installation and removal Furniture and equipment Purchase costs of furniture and equipment, allow for residual sale value Survey equipment Purchase costs of survey equipment including pegs, profiles, paint, etc., for setting out Canteen and welfare equipment Purchase costs of equipment Testing and laboratory equipment Purchase cost of equipment Radio communication Installation costs Electrical connection and installation Initial charges for connections to mains supply Electrical connection site plant Connection to site mains supply and final disconnection and removal Electrical connection site lighting Connection to site mains supply and final disconnection and removal

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Water supply Installation on site and connection charges Haulage plant Cost of transport of plant and equipment to and from site Progress photographs Depot loading and unloading charges Carpenter’s shop Erection of building, installation of equipment including electrical installation, etc. Dismantle and clear away on completion Fitter’s shop Erection of building, installation of equipment including electrical installation, etc. Dismantle and clear away on completion Stores compound Erect and dismantle stores compound Notice boards and signs Supply, erect and remove Contractor’s signboards, traffic control signs, etc. Insurances Payment of premiums for all Contractor’s insurance obligations (see separate section on insurances and bond below) Bond Charges for provision of bond (see separate section on insurances and bond below) Plant erection Cost of erection of Contractor’s plant on site including foundations, hardstandings, drainage, etc. Plant dismantling Cost of removal of Contractor’s plant on site including foundations, hardstandings, drainage, etc.

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Clear site on completion including removal of rubbish and reinstatement

EMPLOYER’S AND CONSULTANTS’ SITE REQUIREMENTS— TIME RELATED Office and other huts Rental of office accommodation, sub-offices, laboratory, etc. Office and site attendant labour Office cleaning, chainmen, laboratory assistants, etc. Site transport Rental for vehicles for use of client and engineer Telephone and calls Rental and cost of calls (if to be borne by Contractor) Furniture and equipment Rental of office furniture and equipment Survey equipment Rental of surveying equipment Testing and laboratory equipment Rental of testing and laboratory equipment Radio communication equipment Rental and maintenance Office lighting and heating Cost of heating and lighting all offices and huts Office consumables Cost of office consumables to be provided by the Contractor

EMPLOYER’S AND CONSULTANTS’ SITE REQUIREMENTS— NON TIME RELATED Erection of huts and offices Client’s and engineer’s offices and other huts including foundations, pathways, parking area, electrical installation and drainage, etc.

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Dismantling huts and offices Restoration of site on completion Telephone installation charges Furniture and equipment purchase Purchase cost for furniture and equipment Survey equipment purchase Testing and laboratory equipment purchase Radio communication equipment installation Progress photographs Cost of professional photographer and supplying prints as required

OTHER SERVICES, CHARGES AND FEES Design fees for alternative designs for permanent works Design and drawing office costs and charges for preparing alternative designs and specifications and bill of quantities for alternative designs for permanent works Design and design office charges for temporary works Design and drawing office costs and charges for preparing designs and drawings for temporary works Preparation of bending schedules Drawing office charges for preparation of bending schedules Fees to local authorities Legal advice and fees Fees and charges from legal adviser

TEMPORARY WORKS—OTHER THAN THOSE INCLUDED IN UNIT COSTS Fencing Traffic diversions Lighting

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Traffic signs Traffic control Footpath diversions Stream or river diversion Cofferdam installation Cofferdam removal Support works Jetties Bridges De-watering General pumping Including construction of collecting sumps, etc. Site access roads and maintenance Scaffolding

GENERAL PURPOSE PLANT—OTHER THAN THAT INCLUDED IN UNIT COSTS Lorries and dumpers for general transport around site Tractors and trailers Craneage for general use Compressed air plant Pumps Bowsers for fuelling plant Bowsers for water supply Non productive time for plant on site

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Obtained by comparing plant requirements as on programme with the plant time included in the build up of bill rates Note: For all items of plant listed above the cost of drivers and other attendants must be allowed for together with consumables and other operating costs

INSURANCES AND BOND Contractors are legally required to insure against liability which may be incurred when employees are injured at work and when individuals are injured by owners’ vehicles. There is also a statutory requirement for certain types of machinery to be inspected at regular intervals. In addition to legal requirements, companies insure against possible loss due to fire, explosion, fraud, liability incurred as a result of damage to the property of others and through serious injury to individuals. Certain risks are excluded from insurers’ policies; these include war, revolution, etc, contamination by radioactivity and risks which arise from bad management. Generally insurance companies take into account the claims record of a Contractor when assessing premiums payable on a particular contract or policy. Premiums are related to the risks involved and, on large Civil Engineering contracts, the insurers will require full details of the work, the methods of construction plant used and risks involved due to flood, ground conditions, etc. Insurance companies or brokers should be consulted before submitting a tender for major Civil Engineering work. The following gives an outline of the items to be allowed for in a tender Employer’s liability insurance This provides indemnity to the Employer against legal liability for death of or injury to employees sustained in the course of their employment. The cost is normally allowed for in the build-up of the ‘all-in’ labour rate as a percentage addition to the gross cost. This will vary, depending on the Contractor’s record. An allowance of 2% has been made in this book. Vehicle insurance This can cover individual vehicles or fleets. The cost is normally covered in the rate charged to the contract for the use of the vehicles. All risks insurance This provides for loss of or damage to permanent and/or temporary works being executed on the contract. It also covers plant, materials, etc. The cost is allowed for in the tender as a percentage of the total contract value. This will vary depending on the Contractor’s record and type of contract undertaken and also on the value of excesses included in the policy. Public liability insurance This provides indemnity against legal liability which arises out of business activities resulting in bodily injury to any person (other than employees), loss of or damage to

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25

property (not owned or under the control of the company), obstruction, trespass or the like. Such Insurance can be extended to include labour-only sub-contractors and selfemployed persons if required. The cost is generally included with head office overheads. Professional indemnity insurance This provides against liability arising out of claims made against the conduct and execution of the business. This covers such items as design liability, etc. The cost may be with head office overheads where such where such insurance is considered desirable. Loss of money insurance This covers loss of money and other negotiable items and loss or damage to safes and strong rooms as a result of theft. It is necessary to cover cash in transit for wages, etc. The cost is included with head office overheads. Fidelity guarantee insurance This covers loss by reason of any act of fraud or dishonesty committed by employees. The cost is included with head office overheads. Other insurances Other insurances which may be carried by a Contractor include fire insurance on his permanent premises and contents, consequential loss insurance in relation to his permanent premises, personal accident insurance on a 24 hour per day basis for employees. Contract bond Where the contract calls for a bond to be provided, this is normally given by either banks or insurance companies. The total value of these guarantees available to any company is limited, depending on the goodwill and assets of the company. It will also affect the borrowing facilities available to the company and therefore, to some extent, can restrict his trading. An allowance should be made at a rate of 1½% per annum on the amount of the bond for the construction period plus a rate of ½% per annum for the maintenance period.

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Worked Example—Programme of Activities, Staffing and Plant

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27

WORKED EXAMPLE The example is of a contract for the construction of an Airport extension. The contract includes concrete surfaced aprons/runways, surface water drainage, construction of two concrete structures, minor accommodation works and two culverts. The Conditions of contract are ICE Standard conditions; the contract period is 12 months; and the approximate value is £5.8 million. It is assumed that the main Contractor will sub-let bulk earthworks and landscape, fencing, concrete surfacing, signs and lighting as well as waterproofing to structures. It is also taken that all materials are obtained off site (including concrete). The worked example demonstrates a method of assessing preliminary costs and is based on the programme below together with an assessment of general purpose plant (a plant reconciliation is also given).

CONTRACTOR’S SITE ONCOSTS—TIME RELATED £ Site staff salaries (see programme)

£

Agent 54 wks at £655 35,370 Senior Engineer 54 wks at £550 29,700 Engineers 76 wks at £445 33,820 General foreman 52 wks at £525 27,300 Office manager/cost clerk 52 wks at £475 24,700 Timekeeper/Storeman/checker 44 wks at £340 14,960 Typist/telephonist 52 wks at £200 10,400 Security guard 52 wks at £280 14,560 Quantity Surveyor 52 wks at £630 32,760 Fitter 42 wks at £420 17,640 241,210 2,412 Site staff expenses (1% staff salaries) Attendant labour Chainman 128 wks at £340 43,520 Driver 52 wks at £325 16,900 Office cleaner (part-time) 52 wks at £105 5,460 65,880 General yard labour (part-time) (Loading and offloading, clearing site rubbish etc.) 1 ganger 10 wks at £325 3,250 4 labourers 40 wks at £310 12,400 15,650 Plant maintenance (Contractor’s own plant) (Fitter included in staff above) Fitter’s mate 32 wks at £340 10,880 10,880 Carried forward £ 336,032

Brought forward Site transport—Staff QS/Agent’s cars Engineers’ cars (contribution) Land Rover

£ 336,032 54 wks at £200 10,800 130 wks at £100 13,000 54 wks at £345 18,630

42,430

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48 wks at £310 14,880 14,880 Site transport—Labour Contractor’s offices Mobile offices (10 staff×8 m2)=80 m2 52 wks at £124 6,448 Section offices (2nr at 10 m2)=20 m2 52 wks at £32 1,664 8,112 Contractor’s site huts Stores hut, 22 m2 52 wks at £32 1,664 1,664 Canteen and welfare huts Canteen 70 m2 (assume 70 men) 52 wks at £145 7,540 Washroom 30 m2 52 wks at £47 2,444 Staff toilets 52 wks at £52 2,704 Site toilets 52 wks at £52 2,704 15,392 NIL Rates General office expenditure Postage, stationery and other consumables 52 wks at £90 4,680 Telephone/fax calls and rental 52 wks at £100 5,200 Furniture and equipment rental 52 wks at £50 2,600 Surveying equipment rental 52 wks at £35 1,820 Canteen and welfare equipment rental 52 wks at £50 2,600 Photocopier rental 52 wks at £85 4,420 Testing equipment rental 52 wks at £25 1,300 Lighting and heating offices and huts (200 m2) 52 wks at £60 3,120 25,740 Water consumption 2,250,000 litres at £1.75 per 5,000 litres 450 units at £1.75 788 Small tools 1% on labour costs of say £1,000,000 10,000 Carried forward £ 455,038

Brought forward

£ 455,038

Protective clothing ½% on labour costs of say £1,000,000 5,000 Cleaning roads Towed sweeper (tractors elsewhere) 52 wks at £126 6,552 Brushes say, 900 Labour 52 wks at £302 15,704 23,156 say, 600 Progress photographs £ 483,794 Total Contractor’s site oncosts—Time related

CONTRACTOR’S SITE ONCOSTS—NON TIME RELATED Erect and dismantle offices Mobile Site works Toilets Wiring, water, etc. Erect and dismantle other buildings

108 m2 at £6.85 say, say, say,

740 740 185 435 2,100

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Stores and welfare 130 m2 at £12.95 1,684 Site works say, 825 Toilets say, 595 3,104 220 Telephone installation Survey equipment and setting out Purchase cost including pegs, profiles, paint, ranging rods, etc. 845 Canteen and welfare equipment Purchase cost less residual value 1,250 1,932 Electrical installation Water supply Connection charges 935 Site installation 1,000 1,935 2,935 Transport of plant and equipment 435 Stores compound and huts 630 Sign boards and traffic signs Carried forward £ 15,386

Brought forward

£ 15,386

Insurances (dependent on Contractor’s policy and record) Contractor’s all risks 1 1/2% on £5,750,000 Allow for excesses General site clearance Total Contractor’s site oncosts—Non time related

86,250 12,500 98,750 2,850 £ 116,986

EMPLOYER’S AND CONSULTANT’S REQUIREMENTS ON SITE—TIME RELATED (details of requirements will be defined in the contract documents) 52 wks at £95 4,940 Offices (50 m2) 150 wks at £265 39,750 Site attendant labour (man weeks) 52 wks at £300 15,600 Site transport (2 Land Rovers) 52 wks at £32 1,664 Telephones and calls 52 wks at £32 1,664 Furniture and equipment 52 wks at £32 1,664 Survey equipment 52 wks at £14 728 Office heating and lighting (50 m2) 52 wks at £14 728 Office consumables (provided by Contractor) Total employer’s and consultants’ requirements—time related £ 66,738

EMPLOYER’S AND CONSULTANT’S REQUIREMENTS ON SITE—NON TIME RELATED (details of requirements will be defined in the contract documents) Erection and dismantling of huts and offices (50 m2) Site works, toilets, etc Telephone installation Electrical installation

50 m3 at £7

350 740 215 935

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625 Furniture and equipment Purchase cost less residual value 100 sets at £33 3,300 Progress photographs Total employer’s and consultant’s requirements—non time related £ 6,165

TEMPORARY WORKS NOT INCLUDED IN UNIT COSTS Temporary Fencing; 1000 m chestnut fencing Materials 1000 m at £3.48 3,480 Labour 500 hrs at £7.68 3,840 7320 Traffic diversions Structure No. 1 5,500 Structure No. 2 4,500 10000 1,000 Footpath diversion 2,750 Stream diversion 400 m at £42.90 17160 Site access roads £ 38,230 Total temporary works

GENERAL PURPOSE PLANT AND PLANT NOT INCLUDED IN UNIT COSTS Description Labour Plant Fuel etc. Wheeled tractor hire charge 52 wks at 440 22,880 driver 52 wks at 357 18,564 consumables 52 wks at 36 Trailer hire charge 52 wks at 10 520 Tractair hire charge 28 wks at 460 12,880 driver (use above driver) consumables 52 wks at 37 22RB Crane hire charge 40 wks at 720 28,800 driver 40 wks at 442 17,680 consumables 40 wks at 10 Carried forward

Brought forward

22,880 18,564 1,872 1,872 520 12,880 0 1,924 1,924 28,800 17,680 400 400 £ 105,520

£ 105,520

Sawbench (diesel) 30 wks at 35 1,050 hire charge 30 wks at 20 600 consumables 14.5 tonne hydraulic crawler backacter hire charge 6 wks at 566 3,396 driver 6 wks at 442 2,652

1,050 600 3,396 2,652

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banksman 6 wks at 296 1,776 1,776 consumables 6 wks at 48 288 288 Concrete vibrators (two) hire charge in total 24 wks at 44 1,056 1,056 D6 Dozer hire charge 4 wks at 1050 4,200 4,200 driver 4 wks at 454 1,816 1,816 consumables 4 wks at 94 376 376 Towed roller BW6 hire charge 6 wks at 224 1,344 1,344 consumables 6 wks at 34 204 204 Loading shovel Cat 931 hire charge 16 wks at 539 8,624 8,624 driver 16 wks at 379 6,064 6,064 consumables 16 wks at 47 752 752 Compressor 22.1 m3/min (silenced) hire charge 12 wks at 389 4,668 4,668 consumables 12 wks at 200 2,400 2,400 Plate Compactor (180 kg) hire charge 12 wks at 40 480 480 consumables 12 wks at 4 48 48 Carried forward £ 147,314

Brought forward 75 mm 750 l/min pumps hire charge

£ 147,314 25 wks at 25 wks at

consumables Total general purpose plant and plant not included in unit costs

53 1,325 5

1,325 125

125

£ 0 1,805 173 148,764

WORKED EXAMPLE

SUMMARY OF PRELIMINARIES AND GENERAL ITEMS Contractor’s site oncosts—Time related 483,794 Contractor’s site oncosts—Non time related 116,986 Employer’s and consultants’ requirements on site—Time related 66,738 Employer’s and consultants’ requirements on site—Non Time related 6,165 Other services, charges and fees Temporary works not included in unit costs 38,230 General purpose plant and plant not included in unit costs 148,764 £ 860,677 Total of Preliminaries and General Items

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PART 3 Resources This part comprises sections on labour, materials and plant for civil engineering work. These resources form the basis of the unit costs in Parts 4, 5 and 6 and are given here so that users of the book may: calculate rates for work similar to but differing in detail from the unit costs given in Parts 4, 5 and 6 compare the costs given here with those used in their own organisation calculate the effects of changes in wage rates, material prices, etc. Adjustments should be made to the rates shown to allow for time, location, local conditions, site constraints and any other factors likely to affect the costs of a specific scheme.

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Resources

35

BASIS OF THIS SECTION The following are brief details of the Construction Industry Joint Council agreement on pay and conditions for the Building and Civil Engineering Industry, which is effective from 26th June 2000. Copies of the Working Rule Agreement may be obtained from Construction Industry Joint Council 56–64 Leonard Street London EC2A 4JX Rates of Pay (Rule WR.2) The basic hourly rates of pay are: Labourer/General Operative £4.78 Skill Rate 4 £5.15 Skill Rate 3 £5.46 Skill Rate 2 £5.83 Skill Rate 1 £6.05 Craft Operative £6.35

Plus Rates for Skill These are incorporated in the tiered rate structure, the application of which is explained in Schedule 1 of the WRA. Bonus (Rule WR.2) The Working Rule leaves it open to employers and employees agreeing a job bonus scheme. Working Hours (Rule WR.3) Normal working hours are unchanged at 39 hour week—Monday to Thursday at 8 hours per day and Friday at 7 hours. Overtime Rates (Rule WR.4) During the period of Monday to Friday, the first 4 hours after normal working day is paid at time and a half, after 4 hours double time shall be paid. Saturday time and a half until completion of the first four hours. Remainder of Saturday and all Sunday at double time. Daily Fare and Travelling Allowances (Rule WR.5) This applies only to distances from home to the site of between 15 and 75 km., giving rates of 75 p to £5.81 for Travelling Allowance (taxed) and £2.82 to £10.16 for Fare Allowance (not taxed). For the one way distance of 15 km used in the following example. we have presumed a rate of £2.82 with effect from 26 June 2000. Subsistence Allowance (Rule WR.15) The current allowance is £21.04 will increase to £21.64 with effect from 26 June 2000.

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Annual Holidays Allowance (Rules WR.18 and 21) The Annual Holiday/Benefit Stamp has now been abandoned and we have included both Annual and Public Holiday Pay in accordance with the Template Scheme operated by Building & Civil Engineering Benefit Schemes (B&CE). Allowances have been calculated on total weekly earnings inclusive of overtime and bonus payments ant the labour cost calculation assumes 21 days (4.2 weeks) annual and 8 days (1.6 weeks) public holidays. Plus Rates for Conditions Schedule 2 of the WRA sets out additional rates of pay for intermittent skill, responsibility or working in adverse conditions: Stone Cleaning—45 p per hour for specified conditions; Working in unlined tunnels—12 p per hour; Working in Sewers— 30 p, 20 p or 25 p per hour; Working at Height—25 p per hour for each additional 45 m above 45 m.

LABOUR COSTS

CALCULATION OF LABOUR COSTS This section sets out a method used in calculating all-in labour rates used within this book. The calculations are based on the wage rates, plus rates and other conditions of the Working Rule Agreement (WRA); important points are discussed below. The calculations can be used as a model to enable the user to make adjustments to suit specific job conditions in respect of plus rate, bonus, subsistence and overhead allowances together with working hours etc. to produce alternative all-in rates which can be substituted for those printed. All-in labour costs are calculated on the page opposite for six categories of labour reflecting the different levels of skill recognised in the WRA. The following examples have been extracted from the WRA: GENERAL OPERATIVE Unskilled general labour SKILLED OPERATIVE RATE 4 Gangers+trade chargehands; Banksmen; Attendee at loading/tipping; Compressor/generator operator; Concrete leveller/vibrator operator/screeder+surface finisher, concrete placer; Linesmen-erector’s mate; Timberman’s attendee; Tar spraying operators; Pipe jointers Millimetres Feet > Metres 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 575 600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

0.300 0.600 0.900 1.200 1.500 1.800 2.100 2.400 2.700 3.000 3.300 3.600 3.900 4.200 4.500 4.800 5.100 5.400 5.700 6.000 6.300 6.600 6.900 7.200

Planed softwood The finished end section size of planed timber is usually 3/16" less than the original size from which it is produced. This however varies slightly dependant upon availability of material and origin of species used. origin of species used. Standard (timber) to cubic metres and cubic metres to standards (timber) m3 m3/Standards Standard 4.672 9.344 14.017 18.689 23.361

1 2 3 4 5

0.214 0.428 0.642 0.856 1.070

Tables and memoranda

615

28.033 6 1.284 32.706 7 1.498 37.378 8 1.712 42.050 9 1.926 46.722 10 2.140 93.445 20 4.281 140.167 30 6.421 186.890 40 8.561 233.612 50 10.702 280.335 60 12.842 327.057 70 14.982 373.779 80 17.122 420.502 90 19.263 467.224 100 21.403 1 cu metre=35.3148 1 cu ft=0.028317 cu metres 1 std=4.67227 cu metres

ROOFING AND CLADDING Weights of roof and cladding Cladding Weights per m2 or per sq ft of slope of roof

kg/m2 lb/sq ft

Patent glazing (with lead covered astragals) 30 6 ditto including steel purlins, etc 39 8 Slates or tiles, battens, steel purlins, etc 68 to 88 14 to 18 ditto with boarding, felt, etc 93 to 112 17 to 23 Corrugated asbestos or steel sheeting, steel purlin, etc 39 to 49 8 to 10

Roof Trusses

Approximate weights of steel roof trusses in kg/m2 of plan area of roof Span of trusses:

Plaster

Sheeting, etc

7.5 m 9m 12 m 15 m 18 m 25 m

Gypsum—two coat 12 mm or 0.5 in thick —plasterboard ditto Lath and plaster (two-faced inc studding) Corrugated steel or asbestos-cement sheeting (inc bolts, sheeting, rails etc) Steel wall framing (for sheeting or brick panels)

Spacing of trusses 3.0 m 4.5 m 9690 12240 13464 14688 20706 24378

7344 7344 8568 11016 14688 17136

kg/m2

lb/sq ft

22.00 1.00 48.93 44

4.5 2.25 10 9

24.50– 34.1

5 to 7

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Ditto with brick panels and windows Ditto with steel or asbestos-cement sheeting Windows (industrial type—metal or wooden frames) Doors (ordinary industrial type—wooden)

244.65 73.40 24.50 38.75

50 (av) 15 (av) 5 (av) 8

kg/m2 per mm thickness lb/sq ft per inch thickness Felt (insulating)

0.19

1

STRUCTURAL METALWORK Weights of metalwork Material

kg/m3

lb/cu ft

Metals, steel construction, etc Iron—cast —wrought —ore—general —(crushed) Swedish Steel Copper—cast —wrought Brass Bronze Aluminium Lead Zinc (rolled)

7207 450 7687 480 2407 150 3682 230 7854 490 8731 545 8945 558 8497 530 8945 558 2774 173 11322 707 7140 446 g/mm2 per metre lb/sq ft per foot Steel bars 7.85 3.4 Structural steelwork Net weight of member @ 7854 kg/m3 rivetted +10% for cleats, rivets, bolts, etc welded +1.25% to 2.5% for welds, etc Rolled sections—beams +2.5% —stanchions +5% (extra for caps and bases) Plate—web girders +10% for rivets or welds, stiffeners, etc kg/m lb/ft Steel stairs: industrial type 1 m or 3 ft wide 84 56 Steel tubes 50 mm or 2 in bore 5 to 6 3 to 4 Gas piping 20 mm or 3/4 in 2 1¼

Universal Beams Thickness Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange Surface area Designation mm mm kg/m mm mm m2/m BS 4: part 1:1993 1016×305×487 487.0

1036.1

308.5

30.0 54.1

3.20

Tables and memoranda

1016×305×438 438.0 1016×305×393 393.0 1016×305×349 349.0 1016×305×314 314.0 1016×305×272 272.0 1016×305×249 249.0 1016×305×222 222.0 914×419×388 388.0 914×419×343 343.3 914×305×289 289.1 914×305×253 253.4 914×305×224 224.2 914×305×201 200.9 838×292×226 226.5 838×292×194 193.8 838×292×176 175.9 762×267×197 196.8 762×267×173 173.0 762×267×147 146.9 762×267×134 133.9 686×254×170 170.2 686×254×152 152.4 686×254×140 140.1 686×254×125 125.2 610×305×238 238.1 610×305×179 179.0 610×305×149 149.1 610×229×140 139.9 610×229×125 125.1 610×229×113 113.0 610×229×101 101.2 533×210×122 122.0 533×210×109 109.0 533×210×101 101.0 533×210×92 92.1 533×210×82 82.2 457×191×98 98.3 457×191×89 89.3 457×191×82 82.0 457×191×74 74.3 457×191×67 67.1 457×152×82 82.1 457×152×74 74.2 457×152×67 67.2 457×152×60 59.8

1025.9 1016.0 1008.1 1000.0 990.1 980.2 970.3 921.0 911.8 926.6 918.4 910.4 903.0 850.9 840.7 834.9 769.8 762.2 754.0 750.0 692.9 687.5 383.5 677.9 635.8 620.2 612.4 617.2 612.2 607.6 602.6 544.5 539.5 536.7 533.1 528.3 467.2 463.4 460.0 457.0 453.4 465.8 462.0 458.0 454.6

305.4 303.0 302.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 420.5 418.5 307.7 305.5 304.1 303.3 293.8 292.4 291.7 268.0 266.7 265.2 264.4 255.8 254.5 253.7 253.0 311.4 307.1 304.8 230.2 229.0 228.2 227.6 211.9 210.8 210.0 209.3 208.8 192.8 191.9 191.3 190.4 189.9 155.3 154.4 153.8 152.9

617

26.9 24.4 21.1 19.1 16.5 16.5 16.0 21.4 19.4 19.5 17.3 15.9 15.1 16.1 14.7 14.0 15.6 14.3 12.8 12.0 14.5 13.2 12.4 11.7 18.4 14.1 11.8 13.1 11.9 11.1 10.5 12.7 11.6 10.8 10.1 9.6 11.4 10.5 9.9 9.0 8.5 10.5 9.6 9.0 8.1

49.0 43.9 40.0 35.9 31.0 26.0 21.1 36.6 32.0 32.0 27.9 23.9 20.2 26.8 21.7 18.8 25.4 21.6 17.5 15.5 23.7 21.0 19.0 16.2 31.4 23.6 19.7 22.1 19.6 17.3 14.8 21.3 18.8 17.4 15.6 13.2 19.6 17.7 16.0 14.5 12.7 18.9 17.0 15.0 13.3

3.17 3.15 3.13 3.11 3.10 3.08 3.06 3.44 3.42 3.01 2.99 2.97 2.96 2.81 2.79 2.78 2.55 2.53 2.51 2.51 2.35 2.34 2.33 2.32 2.45 2.41 2.39 2.11 2.09 2.08 2.07 1.89 1.88 1.87 1.86 1.85 1.67 1.66 1.65 1.64 1.63 1.51 1.50 1.50 1.50

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

457×152×52 52.3

449.8

152.4

7.6

618

10.9

1.48

Thick ness Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange Surface area Designation mm mm kg/m mm mm m2/m BS 4: part 1:1993 406×178×74 406×178×67 406×178×60 406×178×50 406×140×46 406×140×39 356×171×67 356×171×57 356×171×51 356×171×45 356×127×39 356×127×33 305×165×54 305×165×46 305×165×40 305×127×48 305×127×42 305×127×37 305×102×33 305×102×28 305×102×25 254×146×43 254×146×37 254×146×31 254×102×28 254×102×25 254×102×22 203×133×30 203×133×25 203×102×23 178×102×19 152×89×16 127×76×13

74.2 67.1 60.1 54.1 46.0 39.0 67.1 57.0 51.0 45.0 39.1 33.1 54.0 46.1 40.3 48.1 41.9 37.0 32.8 28.2 24.8 43.0 37.0 31.1 28.3 25.2 22.0 30.0 25.1 23.1 19.0 16.0 13.0

412.8 409.4 406.4 402.6 403.2 398.0 363.4 358.0 355.0 351.4 353.4 349.0 310.4 306.6 303.4 311.0 307.2 304.4 312.7 308.7 305.1 259.6 256.0 251.4 260.4 257.2 254.0 206.8 203.2 203.2 177.8 152.4 127.0

179.5 178.8 177.9 177.7 142.2 141.8 173.2 172.2 171.5 171.1 126.0 125.4 166.9 165.7 165.0 125.3 124.3 123.3 102.4 101.8 101.6 147.3 146.4 146.1 102.2 101.9 101.6 133.9 133.2 101.8 101.2 88.7 76.0

9.5 8.8 7.9 7.7 6.8 6.4 9.1 8.1 7.4 7.0 6.6 6.0 7.9 6.7 6.0 9.0 8.0 7.1 6.6 6.0 5.8 7.2 6.3 6.0 6.3 6.0 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.4 4.8 4.5 4.0

16.0 14.3 12.8 10.9 11.2 8.6 157 13.0 11.5 9.7 10.7 8.5 13.7 11.8 10.2 14.0 12.1 10.7 10.8 8.8 7.0 12.7 10.9 8.6 10.0 8.4 6.8 9.6 7.8 9.3 7.9 7.7 7.6

1.51 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.34 1.33 1.38 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.18 1.17 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.09 1.08 1.07 1.01 1.00 0.992 1.08 1.07 1.06 0.904 0.897 0.890 0.923 0.915 0.790 0.738 0.638 0.537

Universal Columns Thickness Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange Surface area Designation mm mm kg/m mm mm m2/m BS 4: part 1:1993

Tables and memoranda

356×406×634 633.9 356×406×551 551.0 356×406×467 467.0 356×406×393 393.0 356×406×340 339.9 356×406×287 287.1 356×406×235 235.1 356×368×202 201.9 356×368×177 177.0 356×368×153 152.9 356×368×129 129.0 305×305×283 282.9 305×305×240 240.0 305×305×198 198.1 305×305×158 158.1 305×305×137 136.9 305×305×118 117.9 305×305×97 96.9 254×254×167 167.1 254×254×132 132.0 254×254×107 107.1 254×254×89 88.9 254×254×73 73.1 203×203×86 86.1 203×203×71 71.0 203×203×60 60.0 203×203×52 52.0 203×203×46 46.1 152×152×37 37.0 152×152×30 30.0 152×152×23 23.0

474.7 455.6 436.6 419.0 406.4 393.6 381.0 374.6 368.2 362.0 355.6 365.3 352.5 339.9 327.1 320.5 314.5 307.9 289.1 276.3 266.7 260.3 254.1 222.2 215.8 209.6 206.2 203.2 161.8 157.6 152.4

424.0 418.5 412.2 407.0 403.0 399.0 384.8 374.7 372.6 370.5 368.6 322.2 318.4 314.5 311.2 309.2 307.4 305.3 265.2 261.3 258.8 256.3 254.6 209.1 206.4 205.8 204.3 203.6 154.4 152.9 152.2

619

47.6 42.1 35.8 30.6 26.6 22.6 18.4 16.5 14.4 12.3 10.4 26.8 23.0 19.1 15.8 13.8 12.0 9.9 19.2 15.3 12.8 10.3 8.6 12.7 10.0 9.4 7.9 7.2 8.0 6.5 5.8

77.0 67.5 58.0 49.2 42.9 36.5 30.2 27.0 23.8 20.7 17.5 44.1 37.7 31.4 25.0 21.7 18.7 15.4 31.7 25.3 20.5 17.3 14.2 20.5 17.3 14.2 12.5 11.0 11.5 9.4 6.8

2.52 2.47 2.42 2.38 2.35 2.31 2.28 2.19 2.17 2.16 2.14 1.94 1.91 1.87 1.84 1.82 1.81 1.79 1.58 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.49 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.20 1.19 0.912 0.901 0.889

Joists Thickness Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange Surface area Designation mm mm kg/m mm mm m2/m BS 4: part 1:1993 254×203×82 203×152×52 152×127×37 127×114×29 127×114×27 102×102×23 102×44×7

82.0 52.3 37.3 29.3 26.9 23.0 7.5

254.0 203.2 152.4 127.0 127.0 101.6 101.6

203.2 152.4 127.0 114.3 114.3 101.6 44.5

10.2 8.9 10.4 10.2 7.4 9.5 4.3

19.9 16.5 13.2 11.5 11.4 10.3 6.1

1.210 0.932 0.737 0.646 0.650 0.549 0.350

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

89×89×19 76×76×13

19.5 12.8

88.9 76.2

88.9 76.2

9.5 5.1

9.9 8.4

620

0.476 0.411

Parallel Flange Channels Thickness Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange Surface area Designation mm mm kg/m mm mm m2/m 430×100×64 380×100×54 300×100×46 300×90×41 260×90×35 260×75×28 230×90×32 230×75×26 200×90×30 200×75×23 180×90×26 180×75×20 150×90×24 150×75×18 125×65×15 100×50×10

64.4 54.0 45.5 41.4 34.8 27.6 32.2 25.7 29.7 23.4 26.1 20.3 23.9 17.9 14.8 10.2

430 380 300 300 260 260 230 230 200 200 180 180 150 150 125 100

100 100 100 90 90 75 90 75 90 75 90 75 90 75 65 50

11.0 9.5 9.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 7.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.5 6.0 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.0

Equal Angles Designation Mass Surface area kg/m m2/m BS 4848: part 4:1972 200×200×24 200×200×20 200×200×18 200×200×16 150×150×18 150×150×15 150×150×12 150×150×10 120×120×15 120×120×12 120×120×10 120×120×8 100×100×15 100×100×12 100×100×10 100×100×8

71.1 59.9 54.2 48.5 40.1 33.8 27.3 23.0 26.6 21.6 18.2 14.7 21.9 17.8 15.0 12.2

0.790 0.790 0.790 0.790 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39

19.0 17.5 16.5 15.5 14.0 12.0 14.0 12.5 14.0 12.5 12.5 10.5 12.0 10.0 9.5 8.5

1.23 1.13 0.969 0.932 0.854 0.796 0.795 0.737 0.736 0.678 0.697 0.638 0.637 0.579 0.489 0.382

Tables and memoranda

90×90×12 90×90×10 90×90×8 90×90×7 90×90×6

15.9 13.4 10.9 9.61 8.30

621

0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35

Equal Angles Designation Mass kg/m Surface area m2/m BS 4848: part 4:1972 200×150×18 200×150×15 200×150×12 200×100×15 200×100×12 200×100×10 150×90×15 150×90×12 150×90×10 150×75×15 150×75×12 150×75×10 125×75×12 125×75×10 125×75×8 100×75×12 100×75×10 100×75×8 100×65×10 100×65×8 100×65×7

47.1 39.6 32.0 33.7 27.3 23.0 26.6 21.6 18.2 24.8 20.2 17.0 17.8 15.0 12.2 15.4 13.0 10.6 12.3 9.94 8.77

0.69 0.69 0.69 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.32 0.32

Structural tees split from universal beams Designation Mass kg/m Surface area (approx.) m2/m BS 4: part 1:1993 305×305×90 305×305×75 254×343×63 229×305×70 229×305×63 229×305×57 229×305×51 210×267×61 210×267×55 210×267×51

89.5 74.6 62.6 69.9 62.5 56.5 50.6 61.0 54.5 50.5

1.22 1.22 1.19 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 0.95 0.95 0.95

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

210×267×46 210×267×41 191×229×49 191×229×45 191×229×41 191×229×37 191×229×34 152×229×41 152×229×37 152×229×34 152×229×30 152×229×26

46.1 41.1 49.2 44.6 41.0 37.1 33.6 41.0 37.1 33.6 29.9 26.2

622

0.95 0.95 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76

Universal Bearing Piles Thickness Designation Mass Depth of Section Width of Section Web Flange mm mm kg/m mm mm BS 4: part 1:1993 356×368×174 173.9 356×368×152 152.0 356×368×133 133.0 356×368×109 108.9 305×305×223 222.9 305×305×186 186.0 305×305×149 149.1 305×305×126 126.1 305×305×110 110.0 305×305×95 94.9 305×305×88 88.0 305×305×79 78.9 254×254×85 85.1 254×254×71 71.0 254×254×63 63.0 203×203×54 53.9 203×203×45 44.9

361.4 356.4 352.0 346.4 337.9 328.3 318.5 312.3 307.9 303.7 301.7 299.3 254.3 249.7 247.1 204.0 200.2

378.5 376.0 373.8 371.0 325.7 320.9 316.0 312.9 310.7 308.7 307.8 306.4 260.4 258.0 256.6 207.7 205.9

20.3 17.8 15.6 12.8 30.3 25.5 20.6 17.5 15.3 13.3 12.4 11.0 14.4 12.0 10.6 11.3 9.5

Hot Formed Square Hollow Sections Size Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 40×40

2.5 3.0

2.89 3.41

0.154 0.152

20.4 17.9 15.7 12.9 30.4 25.6 20.7 17.6 15.4 13.3 12.3 11.1 14.3 12.0 10.7 11.4 9.5

Tables and memoranda

50×50

60×60

70×70

80×80

90×90

100×100

3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0

3.61 4.01 4.39 5.28 3.68 4.35 4.62 5.14 5.64 6.85 7.99 8.31 5.29 5.62 6.27 6.90 8.42 9.87 10.30 12.50 6.24 6.63 7.40 8.15 9.99 11.80 12.30 15.00 7.63 8.53 9.41 11.60 13.60 14.20 17.50 9.66 10.70 13.10 15.50 16.20 20.10 10.80 11.90 14.70 17.40

623

0.152 0.151 0.150 0.147 0.194 0.192 0.192 0.191 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.232 0.232 0.231 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.272 0.272 0.271 0.270 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.312 0.311 0.310 0.307 0.305 0.304 0.299 0.351 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.391 0.390 0.387 0.385

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

120×120

6.3 8.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0

18.20 22.60 27.40 14.40 17.80 21.20 22.20 27.60

624

0.384 0.379 0.374 0.470 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459

Size Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 120×120

140×140

150×150

(Hot formed from Seamless hollow) 160×160

180×180

10.0 12.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

33.70 39.50 40.90 21.00 24.90 26.10 32.60 40.00 47.00 48.70 22.60 26.80 28.10 35.10 43.10 50.80 52.70 65.20 24.10 28.70 30.10 37.60 46.30 54.60 56.60 70.20 27.30 32.50 34.00 42.70 52.50 62.10 64.40 80.20

0.454 0.449 0.448 0.547 0.545 0.544 0.539 0.534 0.529 0.528 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.569 0.568 0.559 0.627 0.625 0.624 0.619 0.614 0.609 0.608 0.599 0.707 0.705 0.704 0.699 0.694 0.689 0.688 0.679

Tables and memoranda

200×200

250×250

300×300

Size (mm)

5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

625

30.40 36.20 38.00 47.70 58.80 69.60 72.30 90.30 38.30 45.70 47.90 60.30 74.50 88.50 91.90 115.00 55.10 57.80 72.80 90.20 107.00 112.00 141.00

Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m)

EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 8.0 85.40 10.0 106.00 12.0 126.00 12.5 131.00 16.0 166.00 400×400 8.0 97.90 10.0 122.00 12.0 145.00 12.5 151.00 16.0 191.00 (Grade S355J2H only) 20.0 * 235.00 JUMBO RHS: JIS G3136 350×350 19.0 190.00 22.0 217.00 25.0 242.00 400×400 22.0 251.00 25.0 282.00 450×450 12.0 162.00 16.0 213.00 350×350

0.787 0.785 0.784 0.779 0.774 0.769 0.768 0.759 0.987 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.969 0.968 0.959 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16

1.38 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.55 1.33 1.32 1.31 1.52 1.51 1.76 1.75

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 * 32.0 * 12.0 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 * 32.0 * 36.0 * 16.0 19.0 22.0 25.0 28.0 * 32.0 * 36.0 * 40.0 * 25.0 * 28.0 * 32.0 * 36.0 * 40.0 * 25.0 * 28.0 * 32.0 * 36.0 * 40.0 *

500×500

550×550

600×600

700×700

250.00 286.00 321.00 355.00 399.00 181.00 238.00 280.00 320.00 360.00 399.00 450.00 498.00 263.00 309.00 355.00 399.00 443.00 500.00 555.00 608.00 439.00 487.00 550.00 611.00 671.00 517.00 575.00 651.00 724.00 797.00

1.73 1.72 1.71 1.70 1.69 1.96 1.95 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.90 1.89 1.88 2.15 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.09 2.08 2.06 2.31 2.30 2.29 2.28 2.26 2.71 2.70 2.69 2.68 2.68

Note: * SAW process

Hot Formed Rectangular Hollow Sections Size Thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 50×30

60×40

2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.5 3.0

2.89 3.41 3.61 4.01 4.39 5.28 3.68 4.35

0.154 0.152 0.152 0.151 0.150 0.147 0.194 0.192

626

Tables and memoranda

80×40

76.2×50.8

90×50

100×50

100×60

3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3

4.62 5.14 5.64 6.85 7.99 8.31 5.29 5.62 6.27 6.90 8.42 9.87 10.30 12.50 5.62 5.97 6.66 7.34 8.97 10.50 11.00 13.40 6.24 6.63 7.40 8.15 9.99 11.80 12.30 15.00 6.71 7.13 7.96 8.78 10.80 12.70 13.30 16.30 7.18 7.63 8.53 9.41 11.60 13.60 14.20

627

0.192 0.191 0.190 0.187 0.185 0.184 0.232 0.232 0.231 0.230 0.227 0.225 0.224 0.219 0.246 0.246 0.245 0.244 0.241 0.239 0.238 0.233 0.272 0.272 0.271 0.270 0.267 0.265 0.264 0.259 0.292 0.292 0.291 0.290 0.287 0.285 0.284 0.279 0.312 0.312 0.311 0.310 0.307 0.305 0.304

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

8.0

17.50

0.299

Size Thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 120×60

120×80

150×100

160×80

200×100

250×150

3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0

9.70 10.70 13.10 15.50 16.20 20.10 10.80 11.90 14.70 17.40 18.20 22.60 27.40 15.10 18.60 22.10 23.10 28.90 35.30 41.40 42.80 14.40 17.80 21.20 22.20 27.60 33.70 39.50 40.90 22.60 26.80 28.10 35.10 43.10 50.80 52.70 65.20 30.40 36.20 38.00 47.70

0.351 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.344 0.339 0.391 0.390 0.387 0.385 0.384 0.379 0.374 0.490 0.487 0.485 0.484 0.479 0.474 0.469 0.468 0.470 0.467 0.465 0.464 0.459 0.454 0.449 0.448 0.587 0.585 0.584 0.579 0.574 0.569 0.568 0.559 0.787 0.785 0.784 0.779

628

Tables and memoranda

300×200

10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

58.80 69.60 72.30 90.30 38.30 45.70 47.90 60.30 74.50 88.50 91.90 115.00

629

0.774 0.769 0.768 0.759 0.987 0.985 0.984 0.979 0.974 0.969 0.968 0.959

Size Thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 400×200

450×250

500×300

6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 20.0

55.10 57.80 72.80 90.20 107.00 112.00 141.00 85.40 106.00 126.00 131.00 166.00 98.00 122.00 145.00 151.00 191.00 235.00

1.18 1.18 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.58 1.57 1.57 1.57 1.56 1.55

Hot Formed Circular Hollow Sections Outside Diameter Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 21.3 26.9 33.7

3.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0

1.43 1.87 2.27 2.41 2.67 2.93

0.067 0.085 0.106 0.106 0.106 0.106

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

42.4

48.3

60.3

76.1

88.9

114.3

139.7

3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.0 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3

2.91 3.09 3.44 3.79 2.82 3.35 3.56 3.97 4.37 5.34 3.56 4.24 4.51 5.03 5.55 6.82 4.54 5.41 5.75 6.44 7.11 8.77 10.40 10.80 5.33 6.36 6.76 7.57 8.38 10.30 12.30 12.80 8.23 8.77 9.83 10.09 13.50 16.00 16.80 10.80 12.10 13.40 16.60 19.80 20.70

0.133 0.133 0.133 0.133 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.152 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.189 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.239 0.279 0.279 0.27 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.279 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439 0.439

630

Tables and memoranda

8.0 10.0

631

26.00 32.00

0.439 0.439

Outside Diameter Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 168.3

193.7

219.1

244.5

273.0

3.2 3.6 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5

13.00 14.60 16.20 20.10 24.00 25.20 31.60 39.00 46.30 48.00 23.30 27.80 29.10 36.60 45.30 53.80 55.90 26.40 31.50 33.10 41.60 51.60 61.30 63.70 80.10 29.50 35.30 37.00 46.70 57.80 68.80 71.50 90.20 33.00 39.50 41.40 52.30 64.90 77.20 80.30

0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.529 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.688 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.768 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858 0.858

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

323.9

355.6

16.0 5.0 6.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

101.00 39.30 47.00 49.30 62.30 77.40 92.30 96.00 121.00 54.30 68.60 85.30 102.00 106.00 134.00

632

0.858 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12

Outside Diameter Wall thickness Mass Superficial area (mm) (mm) (kg/m) (m2/m) EN10210 S275J2H & S355J2H 406.4

457.0

508.0

SPACING OF HOLES IN ANGLES

6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0 6.3 8.0 10.0 12.0 12.5 16.0

62.20 79.60 97.80 117.00 121.00 154.00 70.00 88.60 110.00 132.00 137.00 174.00 77.90 98.60 123.00 147.00 153.00 194.00

1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.28 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60

Tables and memoranda

633

Nominal Leg Length mm Spacing of holes Maximum diameter of bolt or rivet A B C D E F A B and C D, E and F 200 150 125 120 100 90 80 75 70 65 60 50 45 40 30 25

75 75 55 55 55 55 55 45 60 55 50 45 45 40 35 35 28 25 23 20 15

30 20 20

20

24 24 20 20 20 20 16 12

GLAZING Weights of glasses Material kg/m2 lb/sq ft Glass sheet, 2.8 mm thick 7.3 1.5

PAVING AND SURFACING Weights and sizes of paving and surfacing Description of Item Paving 50 mm thick Paving 50 mm thick Paving 50 mm thick Paving 50 mm thick Paving 38 mm thick

Size

900×600 mm 750×600 mm 600×600 mm 450×600 mm 600×600 mm

Quantity per tonne 15 18 23 30 30

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

Path edging 914×50×150 mm Kerb (including radius and tapers) 125×254×914 mm Kerb (including radius and tapers) 125×150×914 mm Square channel 125×254×914 mm Dished channel 125×254×914 mm Quadrants 300×300×254 mm Quadrants 450×450×254 mm Quadrants 300×300×150 mm Internal angles 300×300×254 mm Fluted pavement channel 255×75×914 mm Corner stones 300×300 mm Corner stones 360×360 mm Cable covers 914×175 mm Gulley kerbs 220×220×150 mm Gulley kerbs 220×200×75 mm

kg/m3

Material

634

60 15 25 15 15 19 12 30 30 25 80 60 55 60 120

lb/cu yd

Tarmacadam Macadam (waterbound) Vermiculite (aggregate) Terracotta Cork—compressed

2306 3891 2563 4325 64–80 108–135 2114 3568 388 24 kg/m2 lb/sq ft Clay floor tiles, 12.7 mm 27.3 5.6 Pavement lights 122 25 Damp proof course 5 1 kg/m2 per mm thickness lb/sq ft per inch thickness Paving Slabs (stone) 2.3 12 Granite setts 2.88 15 Asphalt 2.30 12 Rubber flooring 1.68 9 Polyvinylchloride 1.94 (avg) 10 (avg)

Coverage (m2) per cubic metre of materials used as sub bases or capping layers Square metre coverage Consolidated thickness laid in (mm) Gravel Sand Hardcore 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 300

15.80 10.50 7.92 6.34 5.28 -

16.50 11.00 8.20 6.60 5.50 -

7.42 5.90 4.95 4.23 3.71 3.30 2.47

Tables and memoranda

635

Approximate rate of spreads Average Description thickness of course mm 35 40 45 50 60

65

75 100

Approximate rate of spread Open Dense, Medium Textured & Fine Textured kg/m2 m2/t kg/m2 m2/t

14 mm open textured or dense wearing course 60–75 13– 17 20 mm open textured or dense base course 70–85 12– 14 20 mm open textured or dense base course 80–100 10– 12 20 mm open textured or dense, or 28 mm 85–110 9–12 dense base course 28 mm dense base course, 40 mm open 95–125 8–10 textured of dense base course or 40 mm single course as base course 28 mm dense base course, 40 mm open 100– 7–10 textured or dense base course or 40 mm single 135 course 40 mm single course, 40 mm open textured or 120– 7–8 dense base course, 40 mm dense roadbase 150 40 mm dense base course or roadbase -

70–85

12–14

80–100

10–12

95–100

9–10

110–120

8–9

130–150

7–8

140–160

6–7

165–185

5–6

220–240

4–4.5

Surface Dressing Roads: Coverage (m2) per tonne of Material Size in mm Sand Granite chips Gravel Limestone Chips Sand 3 6 9 13 19

168 -

148 130 111 85 68

152 133 114 87 71

165 144 123 95 78

DRAINAGE Weights and dimensions—vitrified clay pipes Product Nominal Effective BS 65 limits of diameter length tolerance (mm) (mm) min max (mm) (mm) Supersleve Hepsleve

100 150 225 300 150

1600 1750 1850 2500 1500

96 146 221 295 146

105 158 236 313 158

Crushing strength (kN/m)

Weight kg/pipe kg/m

35.00 14.71 9.19 35.00 29.24 16.71 28.00 84.03 45.42 34.00 193.05 77.22 22.00 37.04 24.69

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

Hepseal

Hepline

Hepduct (Conduit)

225 300 400 450 500 600 700 800 100 150 225 300 90 100 125 150 225 300

1750 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 3000 3000 1600 1750 1850 1850 1500 1600 1750 1750 1850 1850

221 295 394 444 494 591 689 788 95 145 219 292 -

236 313 414 464 514 615 719 822 107 160 239 317 -

636

28.00 85.47 48.84 34.00 204.08 81.63 44.00 357.14 142.86 44.00 454.55 181.63 48.00 555.56 222.22 57.00 796.23 307.69 67.00 1111.11 370.45 72.00 1351.35 450.45 22.00 14.71 9.19 22.00 29.24 16.71 28.00 84.03 45.42 34.00 142.86 77.22 28.00 12.05 8.03 28.00 14.71 9.19 28.00 20.73 11.84 28.00 29.24 16.71 28.00 84.03 45.42 34.00 142.86 77.22

Weights and dimensions—vitrified clay pipes Nominal internal diameter Nominal wall thickness Approximate weight kg/m (mm) (mm) 150 25 45 225 29 71 300 32 122 375 35 162 450 38 191 600 48 317 750 54 454 900 60 616 1200 76 912 1500 89 1458 1800 102 1884 2100 127 2619 Wall thickness, weights and pipe lengths vary, depending on type of pipe required. The particulars shown above represent a selection of available diameters and are applicable to strength class 1 pipes with flexible rubber ring joints. Tubes with Ogee joints are also available.

Weights and dimensions—PVC-U pipes Nominal size Mean outside diameter (mm) (mm) Wall thickness Weight min max (mm) kg/m Standard pipes 82.4

82.4

82.7

3.2

1.2

Tables and memoranda

110.0 160.0 200.0 250.0 Perforated pipes —heavy grade —hin wall

As above 82.4 110.0 160.0

637

110.0 160.0 200.0 250.0 As above

110.4 160.6 200.6 250.7 As above

82.4 110.0 160.0

3.2 4.1 4.9 6.1

1.6 3.0 4.6 7.2

1.7 2.2 3.2

As above -

As above

82.7 110.4 160.6

Width of trenches required for various diameters of pipes Pipe diameter (mm) Trench n.e. 1.5 m deep (mm) Trench over 1.5 m deep (mm) n.e. 100 100–150 150–225 225–300 300–400 400–450 450–600

450 500 600 650 750 900 1100

600 650 750 800 900 1050 1300

RAIL TRACKS kg/m of track lb/ft of track Standard guage Bull-head rails, chairs, transverse timber (softwood) sleepers, etc. Main lines Flat-bottom rails, transverse prestressed concrete sleepers, etc Add for electric third rail Add for crushed stone ballast Overall average weight—rails connections, sleepers, ballast, etc Bridge rails, longitudinal timber sleepers, etc

Heavy Rails British Standard Section No. 60A 70A 75A 80A 90A 95A

245

165

418 280 51 35 2,600 1,750 kg/m2 lb/sq ft 733 150 kg/m of track lb/ft of track 112 75

Rail height Foot width Head width Min web Section weight mm mm mm thickness mm kg/m 114.30 123.82 128.59 133.35 142.88 147.64

Flat Bottom Rails 109.54 57.15 111.12 60.32 114.30 61.91 117.47 63.50 127.00 66.67 130.17 69.85

11.11 12.30 12.70 13.10 13.89 14.68

30.62 34.81 37.45 39.76 45.10 47.31

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

100 A 110A 113A 50 ‘O’ 80 ‘O’ 60R 75R 80R 90R 95R 100R 95N

152.40 158.75 158.75 100.01 127.00 114.30 128.59 133.35 142.88 147.64 152.40 147.64

95R BH

145.26

Light Rails British Standard Section No.

133.35 69.85 139.70 69.85 139.70 69.85 100.01 52.39 127.00 63.50 109.54 57.15 122.24 61.91 127.00 63.50 136.53 66.67 141.29 68.26 146.05 69.85 139.70 69.85 Bull Head Rails 69.85 69.85

15.08 15.87 20.00 10.32 13.89 11.11 13.10 13.49 13.89 14.29 14.29 13.89

50.18 54.52 56.22 24.82 39.74 29.85 37.09 39.72 44.58 47.21 49.60 47.27

19.05

47.07

Rail height Foot width Head width Min web Section weight mm mm mm thickness mm kg/m

20M 30 M 35M 35R 40

Flat Bottom Rails 55.56 30.96 69.85 38.10 76.20 42.86 82.55 44.45 80.57 45.64

65.09 75.41 80.96 85.73 88.11

Bridge and Crane Rails British steel Rail height Foot width Head width No. mm mm mm 13 16 20 28 35 50

48.00 54.00 55.50 67.00 76.00 76.00

92 108 127 152 160 165

56 89 101 164 175CR

101.50 114.00 155.00 150.00 152.40

171.00 178.00 165.00 230.00 152.40

Fish Plates

638

Bridge Rails 36.00 44.50 50.00 50.00 58.00 58.50 Crane Rails 76.00 102.00 100.00 140.00 107.95

6.75 9.13 9.13 8.33 12.3

9.88 14.79 17.39 17.40 19.89

Head/web thickness mm

Section weight kg/m

18.0 16.0 20.5 31.0 34.5 -

13.31 16.06 19.86 28.62 35.38 50.18

35.0 51.0 45.0 75.0 38.1

56.81 89.81 100.38 166.83 86.92

Tables and memoranda

British Standard Section Overall plate length No. 4 Hole 6 Hole mm mm

639

Hole diameter mm

Finished weight per pair 4 Hole kg/pair

6 Hole kg/pair

For British Standard Heavy Rails: Flat Bottom Rails 60A 406.40 609.60 20.64 9.87 70A 406.40 609.60 22.22 11.15 75A 406.40 23.81 11.82 80A 406.40 609.60 23.81 13.15 90A 457.20 685.80 25.40 17.49 100A 508.00 pear 25.02 110A (shallow) 507.00 27.00 30.11 113A (heavy) 507.00 27.00 30.11 50 ‘O’ (shallow) 406.40 6.68 80 ‘O’ (shallow) 495.30 23.81 14.72 60R (shallow) 406.40 609.60 20.64 8.76 60R (angled) 406.40 609.60 20.64 11.27 75R (shallow) 406.40 23.81 10.94 75R (angled) 406.40 23.81 13.67 80R (shallow) 406.40 609.60 23.81 11.93 80R (angled) 406.40 609.60 23.81 14.90 For British Standard Heavy Rails: Bull head rails 95R BH (shallow) 457.20 27.00 14.59 For British Standard Light Rails: Flat Bottom Rails 30 M 355.6 35M 355.6 40 355.6 3.76

Degrees 0’ 0°.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6’

12’

NATURAL SINES 18’ 24’ 30’ 36’ 42’

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

48’

54’

0.8

0.9

0.0000 0.0017 0.0035 0.0052 0.0070 0.0087 0.0105 0.0122 0.0140 0.0157 0.0175 0.0192 0.0209 0.0227 0.0244 0.0262 0.0279 0.0297 0.0314 0.0332 0.0349 0.0366 0.0384 0.0401 0.0419 0.0436 0.0454 0.0471 0.0488 0.0506 0.0523 0.0541 0.0558 0.0576 0.0593 0.0610 0.0628 0.0645 0.0663 0.0680 0.0698 0.0715 0.0732 0.0750 0.0767 0.0785 0.0802 0.0819 0.0837 0.0854 0.0872 0.0889 0.0906 0.0924 0.0941 0.0958 0.0976 0.0993 0.1011 0.1028 0.1045 0.1063 0.1080 0.1097 0.1115 0.1132 0.1149 0.1167 0.1184 0.1201 0.1219 0.1236 0.1253 0.1271 0.1288 0.1305 0.1323 0.1340 0.1357 0.1374 0.1392 0.1409 0.1426 0.1444 0.1461 0.1478 0.1495 0.1513 0.1530 0.1547 0.1564 0.1582 0.1599 0.1616 0.1633 0.1650 0.1668 0.1685 0.1702 0.1719 0.1736 0.1754 0.1771 0.1788 0.1805 0.1822 0.1840 0.1857 0.1874 0.1891

14.76 16.65 17.73 19.72 26.23 54.64 54.64 10.14 22.69 13.13 16.90 16.42 17.89 22.33 14.61 2.72 2.83 -

Mean Differences 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

0.1908 0.1925 0.1942 0.1959 0.1977 0.1994 0.2011 0.2028 0.2045 0.2062 0.2079 0.2096 0.2113 0.2130 0.2147 0.2164 0.2181 0.2198 0.2215 0.2233 0.2250 0.2267 0.2284 0.2300 0.2317 0.2334 0.2351 0.2368 0.2385 0.2402 0.2419 0.2436 0.2453 0.2470 0.2487 0.2504 0.2521 0.2538 0.2554 0.2571 0.2588 0.2605 0.2622 0.2639 0.2656 0.2672 0.2689 0.2706 0.2723 0.2740 0.2756 0.2773 0.2790 0.2807 0.2823 0.2840 0.2857 0.2874 0.2890 0.2907 0.2924 0.2940 0.2957 0.2974 0.2990 0.3007 0.3024 0.3040 0.3057 0.3074 0.3090 0.3107 0.3123 0.3140 0.3156 0.3173 0.3190 0.3206 0.3223 0.3239 0.3256 0.3272 0.3289 0.3305 0.3322 0.3338 0.3355 0.3371 0.3387 0.3404 0.3420 0.3437 0.3453 0.3469 0.3486 0.3502 0.3518 0.3535 0.3551 0.3567 0.3584 0.3600 0.3616 0.3633 0.3649 0.3665 0.3681 0.3697 0.3714 0.3730 0.3746 0.3762 0.3778 0.3795 0.3811 0.3827 0.3843 0.3859 0.3875 0.3891 0.3907 0.3923 0.3939 0.3955 0.3971 0.3987 0.4003 0.4019 0.4035 0.4051 0.4067 0.4083 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4163 0.4179 0.4195 0.4210 0.4226 0.4242 0.4258 0.4274 0.4289 0.4305 0.4321 0.4337 0.4352 0.4368 0.4384 0.4399 0.4415 0.4431 0.4446 0.4462 0.4478 0.4493 0.4509 0.4524 0.4540 0.4555 0.4571 0.4586 0.4602 0.4617 0.4633 0.4648 0.4664 0.4679 0.4695 0.4710 0.4726 0.4741 0.4756 0.4772 0.4787 0.4802 0.4818 0.4833 0.4848 0.4863 0.4879 0.4894 0.4909 0.4924 0.4939 0.4955 0.4970 0.4985 0.5000 0.5015 0.5030 0.5045 0.5060 0.5075 0.5090 0.5105 0.5120 0.5135 0.5150 0.5165 0.5180 0.5195 0.5210 0.5225 0.5240 0.5255 0.5270 0.5284 0.5299 0.5314 0.5329 0.5344 0.5358 0.5373 0.5388 0.5402 0.5417 0.5432 0.5446 0.5461 0.5476 0.5490 0.5505 0.5519 0.5534 0.5548 0.5563 0.5577 0.5592 0.5606 0.5621 0.5635 0.5650 0.5664 0.5678 0.5693 0.5707 0.5721 0.5736 0.5750 0.5764 0.5779 0.5793 0.5807 0.5821 0.5835 0.5850 0.5864 0.5878 0.5892 0.5906 0.5920 0.5934 0.5948 0.5962 0.5976 0.5990 0.6004 0.6018 0.6032 0.6046 0.6060 0.6074 0.6088 0.6101 0.6115 0.6129 0.6143 0.6157 0.6170 0.6184 0.6198 0.6211 0.6225 0.6239 0.6252 0.6266 0.6280 0.6293 0.6307 0.6320 0.6334 0.6347 0.6361 0.6374 0.6388 0.6401 0.6414 0.6428 0.6441 0.6455 0.6468 0.6481 0.6494 0.6508 0.6521 0.6534 0.6547 0.6561 0.6574 0.6587 0.6600 0.6613 0.6626 0.6639 0.6652 0.6665 0.6678 0.6691 0.6704 0.6717 0.6730 0.6743 0.6756 0.6769 0.6782 0.6794 0.6807 0.6820 0.6833 0.6845 0.6858 0.6871 0.6884 0.6896 0.6909 0.6921 0.6934 0.6947 0.6959 0.6972 0.6984 0.6997 0.7009 0.7022 0.7034 0.7046 0.7059

Degrees 0’ 0°.0 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

640

6’

12’

18’

24’

30’

36’

42’

48’

54’

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.7071 0.7083 0.7096 0.7108 0.7120 0.7133 0.7145 0.7157 0.7169 0.7181 0.7193 0.7206 0.7218 0.7230 0.7242 0.7254 0.7266 0.7278 0.7290 0.7302 0.7314 0.7325 0.7337 0.7349 0.7361 0.7373 0.7385 0.7396 0.7408 0.7420 0.7431 0.7443 0.7455 0.7466 0.7478 0.7490 0.7501 0.7513 0.7524 0.7536 0.7547 0.7559 0.7570 0.7581 0.7593 0.7604 0.7615 0.7627 0.7638 0.7649 0.7660 0.7672 0.7683 0.7694 0.7705 0.7716 0.7727 0.7738 0.7749 0.7760 0.7771 0.7782 0.7793 0.7804 0.7815 0.7826 0.7837 0.7848 0.7859 0.7869 0.7880 0.7891 0.7902 0.7912 0.7923 0.7934 0.7944 0.7955 0.7965 0.7976

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4

9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6

11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8

Mean Differences 1 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5

8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7

Tables and memoranda

53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

641

0.7986 0.7997 0.8007 0.8018 0.8028 0.8039 0.8049 0.8059 0.8070 0.8080 0.8090 0.8100 0.8111 0.8121 0.8131 0.8141 0.8151 0.8161 0.8171 0.8181 0.8192 0.8202 0.8211 0.8221 0.8231 0.8241 0.8251 0.8261 0.8271 0.8281 0.8290 0.8300 0.8310 0.8320 0.8329 0.8339 0.8348 0.8358 0.8368 0.8377 0.8387 0.8396 0.8406 0.8415 0.8425 0.8434 0.8443 0.8453 0.8462 0.8471 0.8480 0.8490 0.8499 0.8508 0.8517 0.8526 0.8536 0.8545 0.8554 0.8563 0.8572 0.8581 0.8590 0.8599 0.8607 0.8616 0.8625 0.8634 0.8643 0.8652 0.8660 0.8669 0.8678 0.8686 0.8695 0.8704 0.8712 0.8721 0.8729 0.8738 0.8746 0.8755 0.8763 0.8771 0.8780 0.8788 0.8796 0.8805 0.8813 0.8821 0.8829 0.8838 0.8846 0.8854 0.8862 0.8870 0.8878 0.8886 0.8894 0.8902 0.8910 0.8918 0.8926 0.8934 0.8942 0.8949 0.8957 0.8965 0.8973 0.8980 0.8988 0.8996 0.9003 0.9011 0.9018 0.9026 0.9033 0.9041 0.9048 0.9056 0.9063 0.9070 0.9078 0.9085 0.9092 0.9100 0.9107 0.9114 0.9121 0.9128 0.9135 0.9143 0.9150 0.9157 0.9164 0.9171 0.9178 0.9184 0.9191 0.9198 0.9205 0.9212 0.9219 0.9225 0.9232 0.9239 0.9245 0.9252 0.9259 0.9265 0.9272 0.9278 0.9285 0.9291 0.9298 0.9304 0.9311 0.9317 0.9323 0.9330 0.9336 0.9342 0.9348 0.9354 0.9361 0.9367 0.9373 0.9379 0.9385 0.9391 0.9397 0.9403 0.9409 0.9415 0.9421 0.9426 0.9432 0.9438 0.9444 0.9449 0.9455 0.9461 0.9466 0.9472 0.9478 0.9483 0.9489 0.9494 0.9500 0.9505 0.9511 0.9516 0.9521 0.9527 0.9532 0.9537 0.9542 0.9548 0.9553 0.9558 0.9563 0.9568 0.9573 0.9578 0.9583 0.9588 0.9593 0.9598 0.9603 0.9608 0.9613 0.9617 0.9622 0.9627 0.9632 0.9636 0.9641 0.9646 0.9650 0.9655 0.9659 0.9664 0.9668 0.9673 0.9677 0.9681 0.9686 0.9690 0.9694 0.9699 0.9703 0.9707 0.9711 0.9715 0.9720 0.9724 0.9728 0.9732 0.9736 0.9740 0.9744 0.9748 0.9751 0.9755 0.9759 0.9763 0.9767 0.9770 0.9774 0.9778 0.9781 0.9785 0.9789 0.9792 0.9796 0.9799 0.9803 0.9806 0.9810 0.9813 0.9816 0.9820 0.9823 0.9826 0.9829 0.9833 0.9836 0.9839 0.9842 0.9845 0.9848 0.9851 0.9854 0.9857 0.9860 0.9863 0.9866 0.9869 0.9871 0.9874 0.9877 0.9880 0.9882 0.9885 0.9888 0.9890 0.9893 0.9895 0.9898 0.9900 0.9903 0.9905 0.9907 0.9910 0.9912 0.9914 0.9917 0.9919 0.9921 0.9923 0.9925 0.9928 0.9930 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936 0.9938 0.9940 0.9942 0.9943 0.9945 0.9947 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952 0.9954 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9962 0.9963 0.9965 0.9966 0.9968 0.9969 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974 0.9976 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9985 0.9986 0.9987 0.9988 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990 0.9991 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

Degrees 0’ 0°.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

642

6’

12’

NATURAL COSINES 18’ 24’ 30’ 36’ 42’

48’

54’

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.8

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9990 0.9989 0.9988 0.9987 0.9986 0.9985 0.9984 0.9983 0.9982 0.9981 0.9980 0.9979 0.9978 0.9977 0.9976 0.9974 0.9973 0.9972 0.9971 0.9969 0.9968 0.9966 0.9965 0.9963 0.9962 0.9960 0.9959 0.9957 0.9956 0.9954 0.9952 0.9951 0.9949 0.9947 0.9945 0.9943 0.9942 0.9940 0.9938 0.9936 0.9934 0.9932 0.9930 0.9928 0.9925 0.9923 0.9921 0.9919 0.9917 0.9914 0.9912 0.9910 0.9907 0.9905 0.9903 0.9900 0.9898 0.9895 0.9893 0.9890 0.9888 0.9885 0.9882 0.9880 0.9877 0.9874 0.9871 0.9869 0.9866 0.9863 0.9860 0.9857 0.9854 0.9851 0.9848 0.9845 0.9842 0.9839 0.9836 0.9833 0.9829 0.9826 0.9823 0.9820 0.9816 0.9813 0.9810 0.9806 0.9803 0.9799 0.9796 0.9792 0.9789 0.9785 0.9781 0.9778 0.9774 0.9770 0.9767 0.9763 0.9759 0.9755 0.9751 0.9748 0.9744 0.9740 0.9736 0.9732 0.9728 0.9724 0.9720 0.9715 0.9711 0.9707 0.9703 0.9699 0.9694 0.9690 0.9686 0.9681 0.9677 0.9673 0.9668 0.9664 0.9659 0.9655 0.9650 0.9646 0.9641 0.9636 0.9632 0.9627 0.9622 0.9617 0.9613 0.9608 0.9603 0.9598 0.9593 0.9588 0.9583 0.9578 0.9573 0.9568 0.9563 0.9558 0.9553 0.9548 0.9542 0.9537 0.9532 0.9527 0.9521 0.9516 0.9511 0.9505 0.9500 0.9494 0.9489 0.9483 0.9478 0.9472 0.9466 0.9461 0.9455 0.9449 0.9444 0.9438 0.9432 0.9426 0.9421 0.9415 0.9409 0.9403 0.9397 0.9391 0.9385 0.9379 0.9373 0.9367 0.9361 0.9354 0.9348 0.9342 0.9336 0.9330 0.9323 0.9317 0.9311 0.9304 0.9298 0.9291 0.9285 0.9278 0.9272 0.9265 0.9259 0.9252 0.9245 0.9239 0.9232 0.9225 0.9219 0.9212 0.9205 0.9198 0.9191 0.9184 0.9178 0.9171 0.9164 0.9157 0.9150 0.9143 0.9135 0.9128 0.9121 0.9114 0.9107 0.9100 0.9092 0.9085 0.9078 0.9070 0.9063 0.9056 0.9048 0.9041 0.9033 0.9026 0.9018 0.9011 0.9003 0.8996 0.8988 0.8980 0.8973 0.8965 0.8957 0.8949 0.8942 0.8934 0.8926 0.8918 0.8910 0.8902 0.8894 0.8886 0.8878 0.8870 0.8862 0.8854 0.8846 0.8838 0.8829 0.8821 0.8813 0.8805 0.8796 0.8788 0.8780 0.8771 0.8763 0.8755 0.8746 0.8738 0.8729 0.8721 0.8712 0.8704 0.8695 0.8686 0.8678 0.8669 0.8660 0.8652 0.8643 0.8634 0.8625 0.8616 0.8607 0.8599 0.8590 0.8581 0.8572 0.8563 0.8554 0.8545 0.8536 0.8526 0.8517 0.8508 0.8499 0.8490 0.8480 0.8471 0.8462 0.8453 0.8443 0.8434 0.8425 0.8415 0.8406 0.8396 0.8387 0.8377 0.8368 0.8358 0.8348 0.8339 0.8329 0.8320 0.8310 0.8300 0.8290 0.8281 0.8271 0.8261 0.8251 0.8241 0.8231 0.8221 0.8211 0.8202 0.8192 0.8181 0.8171 0.8161 0.8151 0.8141 0.8131 0.8121 0.8111 0.8100 0.8090 0.8080 0.8070 0.8059 0.8049 0.8039 0.8028 0.8018 0.8007 0.7997 0.7986 0.7976 0.7965 0.7955 0.7944 0.7934 0.7923 0.7912 0.7902 0.7891 0.7880 0.7869 0.7859 0.7848 0.7837 0.7826 0.7815 0.7804 0.7793 0.7782

Mean Differences 1 2 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7

Tables and memoranda

39 40 41 42 43 44

0.7771 0.7760 0.7749 0.7738 0.7727 0.7716 0.7705 0.7694 0.7683 0.7672 0.7660 0.7649 0.7638 0.7627 0.7615 0.7604 0.7593 0.7581 0.7570 0.7559 0.7547 0.7536 0.7524 0.7513 0.7501 0.7490 0.7478 0.7466 0.7455 0.7443 0.7431 0.7420 0.7408 0.7396 0.7385 0.7373 0.7361 0.7349 0.7337 0.7325 0.7314 0.7302 0.7290 0.7278 0.7266 0.7254 0.7242 0.7230 0.7218 0.7206 0.7193 0.7181 0.7169 0.7157 0.7145 0.7133 0.7120 0.7108 0.7096 0.7083

Degrees 0’ 0°.0 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

643

6’

12’

18’

24’

30’

36’

42’

48’

54’

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.7071 0.7059 0.7046 0.7034 0.7022 0.7009 0.6997 0.6984 0.6972 0.6959 0.6947 0.6934 0.6921 0.6909 0.6896 0.6884 0.6871 0.6858 0.6845 0.6833 0.6820 0.6807 0.6794 0.6782 0.6769 0.6756 0.6743 0.6730 0.6717 0.6704 0.6691 0.6678 0.6665 0.6652 0.6639 0.6626 0.6613 0.6600 0.6587 0.6574 0.6561 0.6547 0.6534 0.6521 0.6508 0.6494 0.6481 0.6468 0.6455 0.6441 0.6428 0.6414 0.6401 0.6388 0.6374 0.6361 0.6347 0.6334 0.6320 0.6307 0.6293 0.6280 0.6266 0.6252 0.6239 0.6225 0.6211 0.6198 0.6184 0.6170 0.6157 0.6143 0.6129 0.6115 0.6101 0.6088 0.6074 0.6060 0.6046 0.6032 0.6018 0.6004 0.5990 0.5976 0.5962 0.5948 0.5934 0.5920 0.5906 0.5892 0.5878 0.5864 0.5850 0.5835 0.5821 0.5807 0.5793 0.5779 0.5764 0.5750 0.5736 0.5721 0.5707 0.5693 0.5678 0.5664 0.5650 0.5635 0.5621 0.5606 0.5592 0.5577 0.5563 0.5548 0.5534 0.5519 0.5505 0.5490 0.5476 0.5461 0.5446 0.5432 0.5417 0.5402 0.5388 0.5373 0.5358 0.5344 0.5329 0.5314 0.5299 0.5284 0.5270 0.5255 0.5240 0.5225 0.5210 0.5195 0.5180 0.5165 0.5150 0.5135 0.5120 0.5105 0.5090 0.5075 0.5060 0.5045 0.5030 0.5015 0.5000 0.4985 0.4970 0.4955 0.4939 0.4924 0.4909 0.4894 0.4879 0.4863 0.4848 0.4833 0.4818 0.4802 0.4787 0.4772 0.4756 0.4741 0.4726 0.4710 0.4695 0.4679 0.4664 0.4648 0.4633 0.4617 0.4602 0.4586 0.4571 0.4555 0.4540 0.4524 0.4509 0.4493 0.4478 0.4462 0.4446 0.4431 0.4415 0.4399 0.4384 0.4368 0.4352 0.4337 0.4321 0.4305 0.4289 0.4274 0.4258 0.4242 0.4226 0.4210 0.4195 0.4179 0.4163 0.4147 0.4131 0.4115 0.4099 0.4083 0.4067 0.4051 0.4035 0.4019 0.4003 0.3987 0.3971 0.3955 0.3939 0.3923 0.3907 0.3891 0.3875 0.3859 0.3843 0.3827 0.3811 0.3795 0.3778 0.3762 0.3746 0.3730 0.3714 0.3697 0.3681 0.3665 0.3649 0.3633 0.3616 0.3600 0.3584 0.3567 0.3551 0.3535 0.3518 0.3502 0.3486 0.3469 0.3453 0.3437 0.3420 0.3404 0.3387 0.3371 0.3355 0.3338 0.3322 0.3305 0.3289 0.3272 0.3256 0.3239 0.3223 0.3206 0.3190 0.3173 0.3156 0.3140 0.3123 0.3107 0.3090 0.3074 0.3057 0.3040 0.3024 0.3007 0.2990 0.2974 0.2957 0.2940 0.2924 0.2907 0.2890 0.2874 0.2857 0.2840 0.2823 0.2807 0.2790 0.2773 0.2756 0.2740 0.2723 0.2706 0.2689 0.2672 0.2656 0.2639 0.2622 0.2605 0.2588 0.2571 0.2554 0.2538 0.2521 0.2504 0.2487 0.2470 0.2453 0.2436 0.2419 0.2402 0.2385 0.2368 0.2351 0.2334 0.2317 0.2300 0.2284 0.2267 0.2250 0.2233 0.2215 0.2198 0.2181 0.2164 0.2147 0.2130 0.2113 0.2096 0.2079 0.2062 0.2045 0.2028 0.2011 0.1994 0.1977 0.1959 0.1942 0.1925 0.1908 0.1891 0.1874 0.1857 0.1840 0.1822 0.1805 0.1788 0.1771 0.1754 0.1736 0.1719 0.1702 0.1685 0.1668 0.1650 0.1633 0.1616 0.1599 0.1582

2 2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 6

7 8 8 8 8 8

Mean Differences 1 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9

8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

0.1564 0.1547 0.1530 0.1513 0.1495 0.1478 0.1461 0.1444 0.1426 0.1409 0.1392 0.1374 0.1357 0.1340 0.1323 0.1305 0.1288 0.1271 0.1253 0.1236 0.1219 0.1201 0.1184 0.1167 0.1149 0.1132 0.1115 0.1097 0.1080 0.1063 0.1045 0.1028 0.1011 0.0993 0.0976 0.0958 0.0941 0.0924 0.0906 0.0889 0.0872 0.0854 0.0837 0.0819 0.0802 0.0785 0.0767 0.0750 0.0732 0.0715 0.0698 0.0680 0.0663 0.0645 0.0628 0.0610 0.0593 0.0576 0.0558 0.0541 0.0523 0.0506 0.0488 0.0471 0.0454 0.0436 0.0419 0.0401 0.0384 0.0366 0.0349 0.0332 0.0314 0.0297 0.0279 0.0262 0.0244 0.0227 0.0209 0.0192 0.0175 0.0157 0.0140 0.0122 0.0105 0.0087 0.0070 0.0052 0.0035 0.0017 0.0000

Degrees 0’ 0°.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

644

6’

12’

NATURAL TANGENTS 18’ 24’ 30’ 36’ 42’

48’

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.8

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

54’

Mean Differences 0.9 1 2 3 4

0.0000 0.0017 0.0035 0.0052 0.0070 0.0087 0.0105 0.0122 0.0140 0.0157 0.0175 0.0192 0.0209 0.0227 0.0244 0.0262 0.0279 0.0297 0.0314 0.0332 0.0349 0.0367 0.0384 0.0402 0.0419 0.0437 0.0454 0.0472 0.0489 0.0507 0.0524 0.0542 0.0559 0.0577 0.0594 0.0612 0.0629 0.0647 0.0664 0.0682 0.0699 0.0717 0.0734 0.0752 0.0769 0.0787 0.0805 0.0822 0.0840 0.0857 0.0875 0.0892 0.0910 0.0928 0.0945 0.0963 0.0981 0.0998 0.1016 0.1033 0.1051 0.1069 0.1086 0.1104 0.1122 0.1139 0.1157 0.1175 0.1192 0.1210 0.1228 0.1246 0.1263 0.1281 0.1299 0.1317 0.1334 0.1352 0.1370 0.1388 0.1405 0.1423 0.1441 0.1459 0.1477 0.1495 0.1512 0.1530 0.1548 0.1566 0.1584 0.1602 0.1620 0.1638 0.1655 0.1673 0.1691 0.1709 0.1727 0.1745 0.1763 0.1781 0.1799 0.1817 0.1835 0.1853 0.1871 0.1890 0.1908 0.1926 0.1944 0.1962 0.1980 0.1998 0.2016 0.2035 0.2053 0.2071 0.2089 0.2107 0.2126 0.2144 0.2162 0.2180 0.2199 0.2217 0.2235 0.2254 0.2272 0.2290 0.2309 0.2327 0.2345 0.2364 0.2382 0.2401 0.2419 0.2438 0.2456 0.2475 0.2493 0.2512 0.2530 0.2549 0.2568 0.2586 0.2605 0.2623 0.2642 0.2661 0.2679 0.2698 0.2717 0.2736 0.2754 0.2773 0.2792 0.2811 0.2830 0.2849 0.2867 0.2886 0.2905 0.2924 0.2943 0.2962 0.2981 0.3000 0.3019 0.3038 0.3057 0.3076 0.3096 0.3115 0.3134 0.3153 0.3172 0.3191 0.3211 0.3230 0.3249 0.3269 0.3288 0.3307 0.3327 0.3346 0.3365 0.3385 0.3404 0.3424 0.3443 0.3463 0.3482 0.3502 0.3522 0.3541 0.3561 0.3581 0.3600 0.3620 0.3640 0.3659 0.3679 0.3699 0.3719 0.3739 0.3759 0.3779 0.3799 0.3819 0.3839 0.3859 0.3879 0.3899 0.3919 0.3939 0.3959 0.3979 0.4000 0.4020 0.4040 0.4061 0.4081 0.4101 0.4122 0.4142 0.4163 0.4183 0.4204 0.4224 0.4245 0.4265 0.4286 0.4307 0.4327 0.4348 0.4369 0.4390 0.4411 0.4431 0.4452 0.4473 0.4494 0.4515 0.4536 0.4557 0.4578 0.4599 0.4621 0.4642 0.4663 0.4684 0.4706 0.4727 0.4748 0.4770 0.4791 0.4813 0.4834 0.4856 0.4877 0.4899 0.4921 0.4942 0.4964 0.4986 0.5008 0.5029 0.5051 0.5073 0.5095 0.5117 0.5139 0.5161 0.5184 0.5206 0.5228 0.5250 0.5272 0.5295 0.5317 0.5340 0.5362 0.5384 0.5407 0.5430 0.5452 0.5475 0.5498 0.5520

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15

Tables and memoranda

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Degrees

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73

645

0.5543 0.5566 0.5589 0.5612 0.5635 0.5658 0.5681 0.5704 0.5727 0.5750 0.5774 0.5797 0.5820 0.5844 0.5867 0.5890 0.5914 0.5938 0.5961 0.5985 0.6009 0.6032 0.6056 0.6080 0.6104 0.6128 0.6152 0.6176 0.6200 0.6224 0.6249 0.6273 0.6297 0.6322 0.6346 0.6371 0.6395 0.6420 0.6445 0.6469 0.6494 0.6519 0.6544 0.6569 0.6594 0.6619 0.6644 0.6669 0.6694 0.6720 0.6745 0.6771 0.6796 0.6822 0.6847 0.6873 0.6899 0.6924 0.6950 0.6976 0.7002 0.7028 0.7054 0.7080 0.7107 0.7133 0.7159 0.7186 0.7212 0.7239 0.7265 0.7292 0.7319 0.7346 0.7373 0.7400 0.7427 0.7454 0.7481 0.7508 0.7536 0.7563 0.7590 0.7618 0.7646 0.7673 0.7701 0.7729 0.7757 0.7785 0.7813 0.7841 0.7869 0.7898 0.7926 0.7954 0.7983 0.8012 0.8040 0.8069 0.8098 0.8127 0.8156 0.8185 0.8214 0.8243 0.8273 0.8302 0.8332 0.8361 0.8391 0.8421 0.8451 0.8481 0.8511 0.8541 0.8571 0.8601 0.8632 0.8662 0.8693 0.8724 0.8754 0.8785 0.8816 0.8847 0.8878 0.8910 0.8941 0.8972 0.9004 0.9036 0.9067 0.9099 0.9131 0.9163 0.9195 0.9228 0.9260 0.9293 0.9325 0.9358 0.9391 0.9424 0.9457 0.9490 0.9523 0.9556 0.9590 0.9623 0.9657 0.9691 0.9725 0.9759 0.9793 0.9827 0.9861 0.9896 0.9930 0.9965 0’

6’

12’

18’

24’

0°.0 1.0000 1.0355 1.0724 1.1106 1.1504 1.1918 1.2349 1.2799 1.3270 1.3764 1.4281 1.4826 1.5399 1.6003 1.6643 1.7321 1.8040 1.8807 1.9626 2.0503 2.1445 2.2460 2.3559 2.4751 2.6051 2.7475 2.9042 3.0777 3.2709

0.1 1.0035 1.0392 1.0761 1.1145 1.1544 1.1960 1.2393 1.2846 1.3319 1.3814 1.4335 1.4882 1.5458 1.6066 1.6709 1.7391 1.8115 1.8887 1.9711 2.0594 2.1543 2.2566 2.3673 2.4876 2.6187 2.7625 2.9208 3.0961 3.2914

0.2 1.0070 1.0428 1.0799 1.1184 1.1585 1.2002 1.2437 1.2892 1.3367 1.3865 1.4388 1.4938 1.5517 1.6128 1.6775 1.7461 1.8190 1.8967 1.9797 2.0686 2.1642 2.2673 2.3789 2.5002 2.6325 2.7776 2.9375 3.1146 3.3122

0.3 1.0105 1.0464 1.0837 1.1224 1.1626 1.2045 1.2482 1.2938 1.3416 1.3916 1.4442 1.4994 1.5577 1.6191 1.6842 1.7532 1.8265 1.9047 1.9883 2.0778 2.1742 2.2781 2.3906 2.5129 2.6464 2.7929 2.9544 3.1334 3.3332

0.4 1.0141 1.0501 1.0875 1.1263 1.1667 1.2088 1.2527 1.2985 1.3465 1.3968 1.4496 1.5051 1.5637 1.6255 1.6909 1.7603 1.8341 1.9128 1.9970 2.0872 2.1842 2.2889 2.4023 2.5257 2.6605 2.8083 2.9714 3.1524 3.3544

30’ 0.5 1.0176 1.0538 1.0913 1.1303 1.1708 1.2131 1.2572 1.3032 1.3514 1.4019 1.4550 1.5108 1.5697 1.6319 1.6977 1.7675 1.8418 1.9210 2.0057 2.0965 2.1943 2.2998 2.4142 2.5386 2.6746 2.8239 2.9887 3.1716 3.3759

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6

36’

42’

48’

54’

0.6 1.0212 1.0575 1.0951 1.1343 1.1750 1.2174 1.2617 1.3079 1.3564 1.4071 1.4605 1.5166 1.5757 1.6383 1.7045 1.7747 1.8495 1.9292 2.0145 2.1060 2.2045 2.3109 2.4262 2.5517 2.6889 2.8397 3.0061 3.1910 3.3977

0.7 1.0247 1.0612 1.0990 1.1383 1.1792 1.2218 1.2662 1.3127 1.3613 1.4124 1.4659 1.5224 1.5818 1.6447 1.7113 1.7820 1.8572 1.9375 2.0233 2.1155 2.2148 2.3220 2.4383 2.5649 2.7034 2.8556 3.0237 3.2106 3.4197

0.8 1.0283 1.0649 1.1028 1.1423 1.1833 1.2261 1.2708 1.3175 1.3663 1.4176 1.4715 1.5282 1.5880 1.6512 1.7182 1.7893 1.8650 1.9458 2.0323 2.1251 2.2251 2.3332 2.4504 2.5782 2.7179 2.8716 3.0415 3.2305 3.4420

0.9 1.0319 1.0686 1.1067 1.1463 1.1875 1.2305 1.2753 1.3222 1.3713 1.4229 1.4770 1.5340 1.5941 1.6577 1.7251 1.7966 1.8728 1.9542 2.0413 2.1348 2.2355 2.3445 2.4627 2.5916 2.7326 2.8878 3.0595 3.2506 3.4646

8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11

12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17

15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 20 20 21 21 22 23

Mean Differences 1 2 3 4 6 12 18 24 6 12 18 25 6 13 19 25 7 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 7 14 22 29 8 15 23 30 8 16 24 31 8 16 25 33 9 17 26 34 9 18 27 36 10 19 29 38 10 20 30 40 11 21 32 43 11 23 34 45 12 24 36 48 13 26 38 51 14 27 41 55 15 29 44 58 16 31 47 63 17 34 51 68 18 37 55 73 20 40 60 79 22 43 65 87 24 47 71 95 26 52 78 104 29 58 87 116 32 64 96 129 36 72 108 144

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

646

3.4874 3.5105 3.5339 3.5576 3.5816 3.6059 3.6305 3.6554 3.6806 3.7062 41 81 122 163 3.7321 3.7583 3.7848 3.8118 3.8391 3.8667 3.8947 3.9232 3.9520 3.9812 46 93 139 186 4.0108 4.0408 4.0713 4.1022 4.1335 4.1653 4.1976 4.2303 4.2635 4.2972 53 107 160 213 4.3315 4.3662 4.4015 4.4373 4.4737 4.5107 4.5483 4.5864 4.6252 4.6646 Mean 4.7046 4.7453 4.7867 4.8288 4.8716 4.9152 4.9594 5.0045 5.0504 5.0970 5.1446 5.1929 5.2422 5.2924 5.3435 5.3955 5.4486 5.5026 5.5578 5.6140 5.6713 5.7297 5.7894 5.8502 5.9124 5.9758 6.0405 6.1066 6.1742 6.2432 differences 6.3138 6.3859 6.4596 6.5350 6.6122 6.6912 6.7720 6.8548 6.9395 7.0264 7.1154 7.2066 7.3002 7.3962 7.4947 7.5958 7.6996 7.8062 7.9158 8.0285 8.1443 8.2636 8.3863 8.5126 8.6427 8.7769 8.9152 9.0579 9.2052 9.3572 cease to be 9.5144 9.6768 9.8448 10.0187 10.1988 10.3854 10.5789 10.7797 10.9882 11.2048 11.4301 11.6645 11.9087 12.1632 12.4288 12.7062 12.9962 13.2996 13.6174 13.9507 14.3007 14.6685 15.0557 15.4638 15.8945 16.3499 16.8319 17.3432 17.8863 18.4645 sufficiently 19.0811 19.7403 20.4465 21.2049 22.0217 22.9038 23.8593 24.8978 26.0307 27.2715 28.6363 30.1446 31.8205 33.6935 35.8006 38.1885 40.9174 44.0661 47.7395 52.0807 57.2900 63.6567 71.6151 81.8470 95.4895 114.5887 143.237 190.984 286.478 572.957 accurate 0.0000

Tables and memoranda

647

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

648

LANDFILL TAX Waste liable at the lower rate Group Description of Conditions material 1

Rocks and soils Naturally occuring

2

Ceramic or concrete materials

3

Minerals

4

Furnace slags

5

Ash

6

Low activity inorganic compound

7

Calcium

Processed or prepared, not used

Disposed of either at a site

- includes clay, sand, gravel, sandstone, limestone, crushed stone, china clay, construction stone, stone from the demolition of buildings or structures, slate, topsoil, peat, silt and dredgings. - glass includes fritted enamel, but excludes glass fibre and glass reinforced plastics - ceramics includes bricks, bricks and mortar, tiles, clay ware, pottery, china and refractories - concrete includes reinforced concrete, concrete blocks, breeze blocks and aircrete blocks, but excludes concrete plant washings - moulding sands excludes sands containing organic binders - clays includes moulding clays and clay absorbents, including Fuller’s earth and bentonite - man-made mineral fibres includes glass fibres, but excludes glass-reinforced plastic and asbestos - silica, mica and mineral abrasives - vitrified wastes and residues from thermal processing of minerals where, in either case, the residue is both fused and insoluble - slag from waste incineration - comprises only bottom ash and fly ash from wood, coal or waste combustion - excludes fly ash from municipal, clinical, and hazardous waste incinerators and sewage sludge incinerators - comprises only titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, iron oxide, ferric hydroxide, aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide & zirconium dioxide - includes gypsum and calcium sulphate

Tables and memoranda

sulphate

8

9

not licensed to take putrescible waste or in a containment cell which takes only calcium sulphate Deposited in brine cavity

649

based plasters, but excludes plasterboard

Calcium hydroxide and brine Water Containing other qualifying material in suspension

Volume to weight conversion factors Waste Typical waste types category Inactive or inert waste

Largely water insoluble and non or very slowly biodegradable: e.g. sand, subsoil, concrete, bricks, mineral fibres, fibreglass etc.

Cubic metres to Cubic yards to tonne—multiply tonne— by: multiply by: 1.5

1.15

ACOUSTICAL INVESTIGATION & RESEARCH ORGANISATION LTD Duxon’s Turn, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP2 4SB Tel: 01442 247 146/9 Fax: 01442 256 749 AGGREGATE CONCRETE BLOCK ASSOCIATION See BRITISH PRECAST CONCRETE FEDERATION ALUMINIUM FEDERATION LTD Broadway House, Calthorpe Road, Five Ways, Birmingham B15 1TN Tel: 0121 456 1103 Fax: 0121 456 2274 AMERICAN HARDWOOD EXPORTCOUNCIL 3 St Michael Alley, London EC3V 9DS Tel: 0207 626 4111 Fax: 0207 626 4222 ARBORICULTURAL ADVISORY & INFORMATION SERVICE Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH Tel: 01420 22022 Fax: 01420 22000 ARBORICULTURAL ASSOCIATION Ampfield House, Ampfield, Nr Romsey, Hants SO51 9PA Tel: 01794 368717 Fax: 01794 368978

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

650

ARCHITECTS AND SURVEYORS INSTITUTE St Mary House, 15 St Mary Street, Chippenham, Wilts SN15 3WD Tel: 01249 444505 Fax: 01249 443602 ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION 34/36 Bedford Square, London WC1B 3ES Tel: 0207 636 0974 Fax: 0207 414 0782 ASBESTOS INFORMATION CENTRE LTD PO Box 69, Widnes, Cheshire WA8 9GW Tel: 0151 420 5866 Fax: 0151 420 5853 ASBESTOS REMOVAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Friars House, 6 Parkway, Chelmsford, Essex CM2 ONF Tel: 01245 259744 Fax: 01245 490722 ASSOCIATION OF BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS 42 Heath Street, Tamworth, Staffs B79 7JH Tel: 01827 52337 Fax: 01827 310827 ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING ENGINEERS Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QL Tel: 0207 222 6557 Fax: 0207 222 0750 ASSOCIATION OF PROJECT MANAGERS 150 West Wycombe, Bucks HP12 3AE Tel: 01494 440090 Fax: 01494 528937 AVESTA SHEFFIELD TECHNICAL ADVISORY CENTRE PO Box 161, Shepcote Lane, Sheffield S9 1TR Tel: 0114 261 4217 Fax: 0114 2440162 BRITISH AGGREGATE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INDUSTRIES LTD See QUARRY PRODUCTS ASSOC BRITISH AIRPORTS AUTHORITY Corporate Office, 130 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1LQ Tel: 0207 834 9449 Fax: 0207 932 6699 BRITISH ANODISING ASSOCIATION See ALUMINIUM FEDERATION

Tables and memoranda

651

BRITISH ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY RIBA, 66 Portland Place, London W1N 4AD Tel: 0207 580 5533 Fax: 0207 255 1541 BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF LANDSCAPE INDUSTRIES Landscape House, Stoneleigh Park, Warwickshire CV8 2LG Tel: 02476690333 Fax: 02476 690 077 BRITISH BOARD OF AGREMENT PO Box 195, Bucknalls Lane, Garston, Warwicksire CV8 2LG Tel: 01923 665300 Fax: 01923 665301 BRITISH CABLE MAKERS ASSOCIATION 37A Walton Road, East Molesey, Surrey KT8 9DW Tel: 0208 941 4079 Fax: 0208 783 0104 BRITISH CEMENT ASSOCIATION Century House, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berks RG45 6YS Tel: 01344 762676 Fax: 01344 761214 BRITISH CERAMIC RESEARCH ASSOCIATION LTD Queens Road, Penkhull, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST4 7LQ Tel: 01782 845431 Fax: 01782 412331 BRITISH COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 58 London Road, Leicester LE2 0QD Tel: 0116 275 7111 Fax: 0116 275 7222 BRITISH CONSTRUCTIONAL STEELWORK ASSOCIATION LTD 4 Whitehall Court, Westminster, London SW1A 2ES Tel: 0207 839 8566 Fax: 0207 976 1634 BRITISH ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION (BESA) Granville Chambers, 2 Radford St, Stone, Staffs ST15 8DA Tel: 01785 812426 Fax: 01785 818157

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

652

BRITISH FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION LTD 55 Eden Street, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 1BW Tel: 0208 549 5855 Fax: 0208 547 1564 BRITISH FIRE SERVICE ASSOCIATION 86 London Road, Leicester LE2 0QR Tel+Fax: 0116 2542879 BRITISH FLUE & CHIMNEY MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Sterling House, 6 Furlong Road, Bourne End, Bucks SL8 5DG Tel: 01628 531186 Fax: 01628 810423 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG Tel: 0115 936 3100 Fax: 0115 936 3200 BRITISH INDEPENDENT STEEL PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION See U K STEEL ASSOCIATION BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURAL TECHNICIANS 397 City Road, London EC1V 1NH Tel: 0207 278 2206 Fax: 0207 8373194 BRITISH LIBRARY LENDING DIVISION Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorks LS23 7BQ Tel: 01937 843434 Fax: 01937 546333 BRITISH LIBRARY, SCIENCE REFERENCE LIBRARY 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB25 Tel: 0207 412 7494/7496 Fax: 0207 412 7495 BRITISH LOCK MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Heath Street, Tamworth, Staffordshire B79 7JH Tel: 01827 52337 Fax: 01827 310827 BRITISH NON-FERROUS METALS FEDERATION 10 Greenfield Crescent, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 3AU Tel: 0121 456 3322 Fax: 0121 456 1394 BRITISH PLASTICS FEDERATION 6 Bath Place, Rivington Street, London EC2A 3JE Tel: 0207 457 5000 Fax: 0207 457 5045

Tables and memoranda

653

BRITISH PRECAST CONCRETE FEDERATION 60 Charles St, Leicester LE1 1FB Tel: 0116 2536161 Fax: 0116 2514568 BRITISH REFRIGERATION ASSOCIATION Henley Road, Medmenham, Marlow, Bucks SL7 2ER Tel: 01491 578 674 Fax: 01491 575 024 BRITISH REINFORCEMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (BRMA) See U K STEEL ASSOCIATION BRITISH ROAD FEDERATION Pillar House, 194–202 Old Kent Road, London SE1 5TG Tel: 0207 703 9769 Fax: 0207 701 0029 BRITISH RUBBER MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION LTD 90/91 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0BR Tel: 0207 580 2794 Fax: 0207 631 5471

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

BRITISH STAINLESS STEEL ASSOCIATION The Maclaren Building, 35 Dale End, Birmingham, B4 7LN Tel: 0121 2002100 Fax: 0121 200 1306

654

Tables and memoranda

655

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL Tel: 0208 996 9000 Fax: 0208 996 7400 CORUS UK LIMITED Swinden Tech. Centre, Moorgate, Rotherham S60 3AR Tel: 01709 820166 Fax: 01709 825337 BRITISH WATER 1 Queen Anne’s Gate, London SW1 H9BT Tel: 0207 957 4554 Fax: 0207 957 4565 BRITISH WOOD PRESERVING ASSOCIATION 6 The Office Village, 4 Romford Road, Stratford, London E15 4EA Tel: 0208 519 2588 Fax: 0208 519 3444 BRITISH WOODWORKING FEDERATION Construction House, 56–64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4JX Tel: 0207 608 5050 Fax: 0207 608 5051 THE BUILDING CENTRE GROUP The Building Centre, 26 Store Street, London WC1E 7BT Tel: 0207 692 4000 Fax: 0207 580 9641 BUILDING EMPLOYERS CONFEDERATION (BEC) 82 New Cavendish St, London W1M 8AD Tel: 0171 580 5588 Fax: 0171 631 5185 BUILDING MAINTENANCE INFORMATION (BMI) Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors 12 Great George Street, Parliament Square, London SW1P 3AD Tel: 0207 695 1516 Fax: 0207 695 1501 BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT (BRE) Bucknalls Lane, Garston, Watford, Herts WD2 7JR Tel: 01923 664000 Fax: 01923 664010 BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT: SCOTLAND (BRE) Kelvin Rd, East Kilbride, Glasgow G75 0RZ Tel: 01355 576 200 Fax: 01355 576 210

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

656

BUILDING SERVICES RESEARCH AND INFORMATION ASSOCIATION Old Bracknell Lane West, Bracknell, Berks RG12 7AH Tel: 01344 426511 Fax: 01344 487575 CASTINGS DEVELOPMENT CENTRE 7 East Bank Road, Sheffield S2 3PT Tel: 01142 728647 Fax: 01142 730852 CEMENT ADMIXTURES ASSOCIATION 38A Tilehouse, Greenlane, Knowle, West Midland B93 9EY Tel:+Fax: 01564 776 362 CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF ARBITRATORS (CIArb) 24 Angel Gate, City Road, London EC1V 2RS Tel: 0207 837 4483 Fax: 0207 837 4185 CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF BUILDING (CIOB) Englemere, Kings Ride, Ascot, Berks SL5 7TB Tel: 01344 630700 Fax: 01344 630777 CHARTERED INSTITUTION OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 15 John Street, London WC1N 2EB Tel: 0207 831 3110 Fax: 0207 405 4967 CIVIL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Construction House, 56–64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4JX Tel: 0207 608 5060 Fax: 0207 608 5061 CLAY PIPE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Copsham House, 53 Broad Street, Chesham, Bucks HP5 3EA Tel: 01494 791456 Fax: 01494 792378 COLD ROLLED SECTIONS ASSOCIATIONS Centre City Tower, 7 Hill Street, Birmingham B5 4UU Tel: 0121 697 6000 Fax: 0121 697 6113 CONCRETE BRICK INTERNATIONAL c/o British Precast Concrete Federation, 60 Charles St, Leicester LE1 1FB Tel: 0116 2536161 Fax: 0116 2514568

Tables and memoranda

657

CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN 60 Charles St, Leicester LE1 1FB Tel: 0116 2536161 Fax: 0116 2514568 CONFEDERATION OF BRITISH INDUSTRY Centre Point, 103 New Oxford St, London WC1A 1DU Tel: 0207 379 7400 Fax: 0207 240 1578 CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYERS FEDERATION 143 Malone Rd, Belfast BT9 6TB Tel: 02890 877 143 Fax: 02890 877 155 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY RESEARCH & INFORMATION ASSOCIATION (CIRIA) 6 Storey’s Gate, London SW1P 3AU Tel: 0207 222 8891 Fax: 0207 222 1708 CONTRACT FLOORING ASSOCIATION 4c Saint Mary’s Place, The Lace Market, Nottingham NG1 1PH Tel: 0115 9411126 Fax: 0115 941 2238 COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Orchard House, Mutton Lane, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3AP Tel: 01707 650711 Fax: 01707 642769 DRY LINING AND PARTITION ASSOCIATION See FEDERATION OF PLASTERING AND DRYWALL CONTRACTORS DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 Marsham Street, London SW1P 3EB Tel: 0207 944 3000 DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY 1 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0ET Tel: 0207 215 5000 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT c/o Department of the Environment DRY STONE WALLING ASSOCIATION YFC Centre, National Agricultural Centre, Kenilworth, Warwickshire CV8 2LG Tel: 0121 378 0493 DUCTILE IRON PIPE ASSOCIATION McLaren Building, 35 Dale End, Birmingham B4 7LN

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

658

Tel: 0121 2002100 Fax: 0121 200 1306 ELECTRIC CABLE MAKERS CONFEDERATION See BRITISH CABLE MAKERS ASSOCIATION ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION (ECA) ESCA House, 34 Palace Court, Bayswater, London W2 4HY Tel: 0207 313 4800 Fax: 0207 221 7344 ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION OF SCOTLAND Bush House, Bush Estate, MidlothianEH26 0SB Tel: 0131 445 5577 Fax: 0131 445 5548 FEDERATION OF MANUFACTURERS OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT & CRANES Ambassador House, Brigstock Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey CR7 7JG Tel: 0208 665 5727 Fax: 0208 665 6447 FEDERATION OF MASTER BUILDERS Gordon Fisher House, 14–15 Gt James St, London WC1N 3DP Tel: 0207 242 7583 Fax: 0207 404 0296 FEDERATION OF PILING SPECIALISTS Forum Court, 83 Copers Cope Beckenham, Kent BR3 1NR Tel: 0208 663 0947 Fax: 0208 663 0949 FEDERATION OF PLASTERING AND DRYWALL CONTRACTORS 56/64 Leonard Street London EC2A 4JX Tel: 0207 608 5090 Fax: 0207 608 5081 FEDERATION OF RESIN FORMULATORS AND APPLICATORS LTD (FeRFA) 235 Ash Road, Aldershot, Hampshire GU12 4DD Tel: 01252 342072 Fax: 01252 333901 FENCING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Hillside Trelleck, Monmouth Gwent NP25 4PQ Tel: 01600 860 172 Fax: 01600 860 614 FINNISH PLYWOOD INTERNATIONAL PO Box 99, Welywn Garden City, Herts AL6 0HS Tel: 01438 798746 Fax: 01438 798305

Tables and memoranda

659

FLAT ROOFING CONTRACTORS ADVISORY BOARD Fields House, Gower Road, Haywards Heath, West Sussex RH16 4PL Tel: 01444 440027 Fax: 01444 415616 HEALTH & SAFETY EXECUTIVE Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ Tel: 0114 289 2000 Fax: 0114 289 2333 HEATING & VENTILATING CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION ESCA House, 34 Palace Court, Bayswater, London W2 4HY Tel: 0207 313 4900 Fax: 0207 727 9268 HM LAND REGISTRY 32 Lincolns Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PH Tel: 0207 405 3488 Fax: 0207 955 0110 INDUSTRIAL BUILDING BUREAU Ferndale House, South Holmeswood, Dorking, Surrey RH5 4NT Tel: 01306 888751 INSTITUTE OF CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY PO Box 255, Beaconsfield, Bucks HP9 1JE Tel: 01494 674572 Fax: 01494 673533 INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS 1 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DB Tel: 0207 451 7300 Fax: 0207 839 1702 INSTITUTE OF QUALITY ASSURANCE National Quality Information Centre, PO Box 712, 61 Southwark Street, London SE1 1SB Tel: 0207 401 7227 Fax: 0207 401 2725 INSTITUTE OF SHEET METAL ENGINEERING Exeter House, 48 Hollowayhead, Birmingham B1 1NQ Tel: 0121 6222860 Fax: 0121 666 6316 INSTITUTE OF WASTES MANAGEMENT 9 Saxon Court, St Peter’s Gardens, Northampton NN1 1SX Tel: 01604 20426 Fax: 01604 21339

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

660

INSTITUTION OF BRITISH ENGINEERS Alne House, Danzey Green, Tanworth-in-Arden, Solihull B74 5BB Tel: 01564 742915 Fax: 01564 742916 INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS 1–7 Great George St, London SW1P 3AA Tel: 0207 222 7722 Fax: 0207 222 7500 INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Savoy Place, London WC2R 0BL Tel: 0207 240 1871 Fax: 0207 240 7735 INSTITUTION OF ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL INCORPORATED ENGINEERS Savoy Hill House, Savoy Hill, London WC2R 0BS Tel: 0207 836 3357 Fax: 0207 497 9006 INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 1 Birdcage Walk, London SW1H 9JJ Tel: 0207 222 7899 Fax: 0207 222 4557 INSTITUTION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS 11 Upper Belgrave Street, London SW1X 8BH Tel: 0207 235 4535 Fax: 0207 235 4294 INSTITUTION OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT See CHARTTERED INSTITUTION OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INTERPAVE 60 Charles St, Leicester LE1 1FB Tel: 0116 2536161 Fax: 0116 2514568 THE JOINT CONTRACTS TRIBUNAL 9 Cavendish Place, London W1M 9DL Tel: 0207 637 8650 Fax: 0207 637 8670 LANDSCAPE INSTITUTE 6/8 Barnard Mews, London SW11 1QU Tel: 0207 350 5200 Fax: 0207 350 5201 LEAD DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 42–46 Weymouth Street, London W1N 3LQ Tel: 0207 499 8422 Fax: 0207 493 1555

Tables and memoranda

661

MASTIC ASPHALT TECHNICAL ADVISORY CENTRE Lesley House, 6–8 The Broadway, Bexleyheath, Kent DA6 7LE Tel: 0208 298 0414 Fax: 0208 298 0381 METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2SZ Tel: 01344 420242 Fax: 01344 854943/854412 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF STEEL STOCKHOLDERS Gateway House, High Street, Birmingham B4 7SY Tel: 0121 632 5821 Fax: 0121 643 6645 ORDNANCE SURVEY Romsey Road, Maybush, Southampton SO16 4GU Tel: 0845 605 0505 Fax: 02380 792 615 PIPELINE INDUSTRIES GUILD 14/15 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PS Tel: 0207 235 7938 Fax: 0207 235 0074 PLASTIC PIPE MANUFACTURERS SOCIETY 89 Cornwall Street, Birmingham B3 3BY Tel: 0121 236 1866 Fax: 0121 200 1389 PUBLIC RECORDS OFFICE 1 Myddleton Street, London EC1 1UW Tel: 0208 392 5300 Fax: 0208 392 5307 QUARRY PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION 156 Buckingham Palace Road, London SW1W 9TR Tel: 0207 730 8194 Fax: 0207 730 4355 REINFORCED CONCRETE COUNCIL Century House, Telford Avenue, Crowthorne, Berks RG45 6YS Tel: 01344 762676 Fax: 01344 761214 ROYAL INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS 66 Portland Place, London W1N 4AD Tel: 0207 580 5533 Fax: 0207 255 1541 ROYAL INSTITUTION OF CHARTERED SURVEYORS (RICS) 12 Great George Street, London SW1P 3AD

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

662

Tel: 0207 222 7000 Fax: 0207 222 9430 SCOTTISH BUILDING EMPLOYERS FEDERATION 13 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow G3 7UP Glasgow Tel: 0141 332 7144 Fax: 0141 331 1684 Aberdeen Tel: 01224 643838 Fax: 1224 648245 Edinburgh Tel: 0131 339 2477 Fax: 0131 339 7824 Inverness Tel: 01349 864958 SCOTTISH ENTERPRISE 120 Bothwell Street, Glasgow G2 7JP Tel: 0141 248 2700 Fax: 0141 221 3217 SOCIETY OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY 20 Hallamgate Road, Broom Hill, Sheffield S10 5BT Tel: 0114 263 4455 Fax: 0114 263 4411 SPONS CIVILS EDITORS Davis Langdon and Everest, Cunard Building, Water Street, Liverpool L3 1JR Tel: 0151 236 1992 Fax: 0151 227 5401 STAINLESS STEEL ADVISORY CENTRE See AVESTA SHEFFIELD TECHNICAL ADVISORY CENTRE STEEL CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN Tel: 01344 623345 Fax: 01344 622944 SUSPENDED ACCESS EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 18 Mansfield Street, London W1M 9FG Tel: 0171 580 5404 Fax: 0171 636 5984 SWIMMING POOL AND ALLIED TRADES ASSOCIATION (SPATA) SPATA House, 1A Junction Road, Andover, Hants SP10 3QT Tel: 01264 356210 Fax: 01264 332628 TAR INDUSTRIES SERVICES BCRA Scientific & Technical Services, Mill Lane, Wingerworth, Chesterfield Derbyshire S42 6NG Tel: 01246 209 654 Fax: 01246 272 247

Tables and memoranda

663

18 Mansfield Street, London W1M 9FG Tel: 0171 580 5404 Fax: 0171 636 5984 SWIMMING POOL AND ALLIED TRADES ASSOCIATION (SPATA) SPATA House, 1A Junction Road, Andover, Hants SP10 3QT Tel: 01264 356210 Fax: 01264 332628 TAR INDUSTRIES SERVICES BCRA Scientific & Technical Services, Mill Lane, Wingerworth, Chesterfield Derbyshire S42 6NG Tel: 01246 209 654 Fax: 01246 272 247 THERMAL INSULATION CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Kensway House, 450 High Rd, llford, Essex IG1 1US Tel: 0208 514 2120 Fax: 0208 478 1256 THERMAL INSULATION MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS ASSOCIATION 235 Ash Road, Aldershot, Hants GU12 4DD Tel: 01252 336318 Fax: 01252 333901 TIMBER TRADE FEDERATION LTD Clareville House, 26–27 Oxenden Street, London SW1Y 4EL Tel: 0207 839 1891 Fax: 0207 930 0094 TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING ASSOCIATION 17 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AS Tel: 0207 930 8903 Fax: 0207 930 3280 TRADA Stocking Lane, Hughenden Valley, High Wycombe, Bucks HP14 4ND Tel: 01494 563 091 Fax: 01494 565 487 TWI-THE WELDING INSTITUTE Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL Tel: 01123 891 162 Fax: 01223 892 588 U K STEEL ASSOCIATION Millbank Tower, 21/24 Millbank, London SW1P 4QP Tel: 0207 343 3150 Fax: 0207 343 3190

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

ZINC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 42–46 Weymouth Street, London W1N 3LQ Tel: 0207 499 6636 Fax: 0207 493 1555

664

PART 14 Updates

INTRODUCTION This section has been complied as an aid in making adjustments to the rates an prices contained in Parts 3, 4, 5 and 11 of the Book. Users are advised to mark up the relevant pro-forma in line with any adjustments to the rates price and costs which will be reported in the free quarterly updates.

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

666

This will allow the reader to obtain maximum benefit of the cost research that has been used to compile the data contained in the Book.

LABOUR COSTS Revisions to labour costs as detailed on page 34. Categories of General Skill rate Skill rate Skill rate Skill rate labour 4 3 2 1

Craft rate

Update 1 Update 2 Update 3

MATERIAL PRICES This section details market prices of materials incorporating any appropriate trade discounts and delivery to site (except where noted), although distribution after delivery is not included. MATERIAL PRICES End Oct End Dec End Mar Materials generally Aluminium cladding Bar and fabric reinforcement Brickwork/blockwork Cast iron pipes and fittings Clayware pipes and fittings Concrete and cement Concrete manholes Concrete pipes and fittings Consumable stores Contractors’ site equipment Concrete culverts Earth retention Fencing Geotextiles

MATERIAL PRICES Gulley grates and frames Soil instrumentation Interlocking steel sheet piling and bearing piles Joint fillers and waterstops Landscaping Mmanhole covers and frames Paint/stains/protective coatings Polymer channels and fittings

End Oct End Dec End Mar

Updates

667

Precast concrete kerbs etc. Quarry products, aggregates etc. Scour and erosion protection Septic tanks, cesspools etc. Shuttering timber, nails etc. Steel pipes and fittings Structural steelwork Timber PVC-U drain pipes and fittings Miscellaneous and minor items

PLANT PRICES This section indicates general hire prices of plant transported to site; prices of fuel are indicated separately. PLANT End Oct End Dec End Mar access platforms agriculture type tractors asphalt/road construction compaction cleaners sweepers compressors compressor tools concrete equipment concrete pumps

PLANT concrete skips cranes diesel generators excavators excavator equipment hoists and lifting piling plant portable accommodation rollers scaffolding and staging tractors (dozers, loaders and scrapers) transport (tippers and dumpers) transport (vans etc) trench sheets pumping and dewatering

End Oct End Dec End Mar

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

668

miscellaneous power tools site tools

UNIT COSTS This section indicates general movement inclusive of labour, plant and materials cost changes as well as specialists. UNIT COSTS End Oct End Dec End Mar Ground investigation, Geotechnical and other specialist processes Demolition and Site Clearance Fencing, Hedges etc. Safety Fencing, Parapets Drainage Work Earthworks—Excavation - Filling (imported) - Landscaping

UNIT COSTS Concrete and Reinforcement Pre-cast items Formwork Pavements—Surfacing flexible - Surfacing concrete Kerbs and footways Signs and lighting columns - Trenches - Electrical Work Piling Works Structual Steelwork Timber Work Painting Rail Track Tunnels Waterproofing Roofing and Cladding Bridge Bearings Expansion joints Brickwork, Blockwork, Stonework

End Oct End Dec End Mar

Updates

669

APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES The following details the changes in approximate estimate costs given in part 11. APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES End Oct End Dec End Mar Industrial and commercial facilities Water & treatment facilities Foundations for structures Concrete slabs for structures Earth retention and stabilisation - Concrete retaining walls - Crib walls

APPROXIMATE ESTIMATES - Gabions Bridgeworks - Concrete - Steel - Timber Highway works Civil engineering utilities & infrastructure - Roadworks, etc. - Services - Landscaping Temporary works - Bailey bridges - Piled cofferdams - Trench s upports - Scaffolding

End Oct End Dec End Mar

Spon's civil engineering and highway works price book

670

Index Abandoned Mine Workings ground stabilisation 159 Abbreviations xii Access Covers & Frames manholes 217, 351 Access Platforms plant costs 112 Access Roads provision & placing of concrete 270, 385 Access Shaft excavation 284 linings—concrete and formwork 285 Access Staging staging 126 towers 126 walkways 461 Access/Computer Floor Finish refer to computer/access floor finishes Acoustic Plaster Ceiling Finish 472 Acrylic Polymer Floor Finish 470 Addresses For Information tables and memoranda 603 Admixtures cement 51 Aftercare & Maintenance planting 376 Aggregates 84 Agricultural Tractors tractors 113 buildings 512 Air Conditioning 475 Air Tools plant costs 140 Airport Buildings 511 All Risks Insurance preliminaries & general items 21 All-In Labour Rates allowances for skill & conditions 35 allowances for weekly bonus 35 annual holiday with pay allowance 35

Index

benefits scheme allowances 35 bonus allowances 35 citb levy allowances 35 employer’s liability allowances 35 labour costs 35 national insurance allowances 35 plant servicing time allowances 35 public holidays with pay allowances 35 quality assurance policy allowances 35 safety policy allowances 35 skill & conditions allowances 35 subsistence allowances 35 third party allowances 35 tool allowances 35 travelling allowances 35 Alter Levels British Telecom chambers 350 manholes 350 water stop tap boxes Altro Safety Floor Finish 471 Alumina Cement cement 51 Aluminium cladding 464 edge trim 460 entrance screens 466 external doors 466 glazed internal walls 467 glazed partitions 467 patent glazing 456 roof covering 454, 459 parapets flashings 437 roof coverings 454, 459 roof decking 455 Anchorages steelwork 234 Anchors erosion protection 62 miscellaneous 78 scour protection 62 Ancillary Building Works 449 Ancillary Equipment comparative costs of equipment 165 Angles steel 95 Angles of Repose tables & memoranda 555 Annealed Wire tying wire 38

672

Index

Annual Holiday With Pay working rule agreement 33 Annual Holiday With Pay Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Anti-Static Floor Finish 471 Anti-Condensation Paint 305 Approximate Estimates agricultural buildings 512 airport buildings 511 bailey bridges 524 bridgeworks 515 bus garages 511 bus/coach stations 511 car parks 511, 520 civil engineering facilities 511 civil engineering works 519 coffer dams 524 cold stores 512 commercial buildings 511 concrete retaining walls 514 concrete tanks 512 crib walling 514 dams 512 drainage 521 earth retention & stabilisation 514 earthworks supports 526 external services 521 factories 512 fire ponds/lagoons 512 foot bridges 515 footpaths 518, 520 foundations for structures 513 gabions 514 garages 511 gullies 521 highway works 516 industrial buildings 511 infrastructure 519 land drainage 523 landscaping 522 lay-byes 518 manholes 521 mortuaries 511 motorways 516 parklands 523 petrol stations 511 playgrounds 523 post office buildings 511 quays 512 railway stations 511 refrigerated stores 512

673

Index

reservoirs 512 retaining walls 512 road bridges 515 road crossings 519 road lighting 519 road signs 519 roads 516 roads & drainage 518 rock gabions 514 scaffolding 525 sheet piling 526 site facilities 519 sports pitches 522 street furniture 519 studios 511 sub-stations 511 telephone buildings 511 temporary works 524 treatment tanks 512 trench sheeting 526 trench struts 526 underpasses 519 updates 605 warehouses 512 water and treatment facilities 512 wave walls 512 weirs 512 Architraves to Internal Doors 321, 468 Arrows road markings 394 Artex Ceiling Finish ceiling finish 472 decoration 473 Ashlar Masonry masonry 298, 444 portland whitbed 298, 444 Asphalt extruded channels & kerbs 271 floor finish 470 paver 113 roof covering 454, 455, 459 tanking 310 Backacters identification chart 530 production rate 529 Backfilling manholes 218, 350 Bailey Bridges 524

674

Index

Balustrading to Stairs & Walkways 461 Bar Reinforcement high yield steel 192, 270, 427 material costs—straight/bent 38 mild Steel 192, 270, 428 stainless steel 193, 427 Bases, Footings, Pile Caps & Ground Beams placing of mass concrete 185 placing of reinforced concrete 186 Basic Material Prices 37 Basic Rates of Pay working rule agreement 33 Beams concrete encased steelwork 452 formwork (outputs) 539 insitu concrete 452 placing of prestressed concrete prestressed concrete 186 reinforced concrete 186 precast concrete 198, 424 steelwork 94, 234, 429 Beany Block Kerb/Drainage Block 70, 274, 389 Bearing Capacities of Soils tables & memoranda 557 Bearings bridge (refer to bridge bearings) Beds and backings 327 Bench Seats precast concrete 397 steel 397 street furniture 397 timber 397 Benching To Manholes provision & placing of concrete 217, 351 Benefits Scheme working rule agreement 33 all-in labour rates 35 Bills of Quantities initial appraisal 7 Bitu-Thene Sheet waterproofing structures 432 Bitumen quarry products 84 macadam 268, 384 spray applied 460 Bituminous painting 81 Bituminous Screeds

675

Index

roof coverings 457 Bituminous Spray flexible pavements 269 road construction 386 tack coat 386 Bituthene damp-proofing 67, 432 waterstops 68 Blast Cleaning steelwork 235 Blasting Boulders rock removal 172 Blinding placing of mass concrete 185 provision & placing of concrete 218, 351, 422 Block kerbs 69 paving 72 Blockwork average unit costs 295, 439 basic material prices 40 dense aggregate 296, 443 external walls 462 internal walls 467 lightweight aggregate 295, 442 partitions 467 tables and memoranda Boarding roof coverings 457 Boilers plant costs 137 Bollards average unit costs 478 precast concrete 397 steel 397 Bolts miscellaneous 79 woodwork 240 Bond Test Elastomeric bridge bearings 434 Bonds preliminaries & general items 21, 22 Bonus allowances 35 payments 33, 34, 35 Bored In-Situ Reinforced Concrete Piling 244, 407 Box Girder Main Members

676

Index

steelwork 429 Bracings steelwork 234 Breaker Steels consumable stores 55 Breaking Out brickwork 533 concrete 533 masonry 533 pavement 380, 533 Brickwork average unit costs 288, 467 basic material prices 39 class A engineering bricks 292.440 class B engineering bricks 293, 441 common bricks 40, 288, 439 Dritherm cavity insulation 299 Expamet reinforcement 299 external walls 439 facing bricks 39, 290, 441 fair facing work 289 Hyload damp proof course 299 internal walls 467 joint filler 299 manholes 218, 351 movement joints 299 partitions 467 paviors 39, 276, 391, 478 wall ties 299 Bridge Bearings bond test elastomeric 435 compression test elastomeric 435 laminated elastomeric rubber 434 mechanical guide 434 plain rubber 434 pot, fixed and sliding 434 shear test elastomeric 435 Bridgeworks 515 British Telecom Chambers alter level of lid 360 Build In Pipes Etc. common brickwork 290 dense aggregate blockwork 297 engineering brickwork 295 facing brickwork 291 lightweight aggregate blockwork 295 Builder’s Work Services 477 Building Paper roof coverings 456

677

Index

Built-Up Girders steelwork 236, 429 Bulbs planting 180, 375 Bulkage of Materials tables & memoranda 554 Buried Structures Designed By Contractor 446 Bus/Coach Stations 511 Bush Hammering external walls 464 Butyl Rubber Membrane Roof Covering 460 Cabling lighting 401 communication 404 feeder pillars 403 joints and terminations 402 tiles 401 trench 401, 404 Canals dredging 163 Car Parking 478, 511, 520 Carbon Steel Pipes BS 3821 drainage below ground 211 Carpentry and Joinery 320 Carpet/Carpet Tile floor finishes 471 Casings to Metal Sections placing of reinforced concrete 186 Cast Iron pipes & fittings 41 pipes BS 459 208 columns—road lighting 399 rainwater gutters 313, 459, 460 rainwater pipes 314, 459 Catseye Road Studs road markings 397 Cavity Work external walls 462 Ceiling Finishes acoustic plaster 472 Artex 472 fire resistant 472 paint 472 plaster 472 plasterboard 472

678

Index

Supalux 472 suspended ceilings 472 timber boarding 472 tongued & grooved 472 tyrolean finish 472 woodwool slabs 472 Cement & Sand Screeded Floor Finish 470 Cement admixtures 51 alumina 51 bentonite 51 ordinary portland 51 rapid hardening 51 sulphate resisting 51 Cement Paint to External Walls 464 Central Heating 475 Ceramic Tile Floor and Wall Finishes 328, 471 Cesspools Klargester cesspools 88 Chains consumable stores 54 Channels extruded asphalt 389 polymer 80, 273 precast concrete 272, 388 steel 94 Charges & Fees preliminaries & general items 20 Checklist of Items preliminaries & general items 15 Chestnut Pale temporary fencing 338 Chipboard floor finishes 470 wall finishes 469 CITB Levy Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Civil Engineering Facilities 511 Cladding Rails steelwork 234 Clay cable ducts 47, 348 cable tiles 401 channels—manholes 219, 351 field drains BS 1261 44, 201 grease interceptors 50, 227, 359 imported fill material 84, 367 interceptors 227

679

Index

laying and jointing pipes (outputs) 535 perforated drains BS 65 50, 201, 348 pipes BS 65 43, 201 tile roof covering 458 yard gulley 50, 227, 359 Cleaners plant costs 115 Clear Vegetation site clearance 160 Close Boarded permanent fencing 338 Closed Circuit TV 477 Coated Chippings flexible pavements 269 road construction 386 Coated Corrugated Steel Culverts drainage below ground 228 Cobble Paving average unit costs 478 miscellaneous 79 paving 72 stonework 277, 391 Coffer Dams 524 Cold Asphalt flexible pavements 269 road construction 384 Cold Stores 512 Cold Water Installations 475 Colpor 205 waterstops 67 Columns bases—foundations 449 common brickwork 289 concrete encased steelwork 451 engineering brickwork 292, 294 facing brickwork 290 insitu concrete 451 provision & placing of concrete 186, 423 steel 94 steelwork 234, 429 Comfort Cooling System 475 Commercial Buildings 511 Common Brickwork build in pipes etc. 290 columns 289 copings 285, 440 fair face 289 laying 288, 439 material costs 40

680

Index

piers 289 rebates & chases 289 walls 288, 439 Communications—Motorway 404 Compaction plant costs 114 Compaction of Fill filling 368 treatment of surfaces 368 Comparative Costs of Equipment ancillary equipment 168 earth moving 165 earth moving equipment 166 excavation equipment 165 transportation equipment 166 Composition Block floor finishes 471 Compost cultivation additives 179, 373 Compression Test Elastomeric bridge bearings 435 Compressors plant costs 115 tools 116 Computer/Access floor finishes 472 Concrete accessories 187 basic material prices 51 cable tiles 401 common mixes 559 concrete floors 453 designed mix 51 dowels 194 drain pipe bedding 230 drain pipe haunching 231 drain pipe surrounds 231 encased beams 452 encased columns 451 external walls 463 finishing surfaces 196, 426 flat roofs 455 formwork 188, 426 grout base plates 197 inserts 196 insitu beams 452 insitu columns 451 insitu work 183, 423 internal walls 467

681

Index

joints in concrete 194, 265, 385 manholes 52 materials 51 material weight 558 mixers 118 partitions 467 paving 270 piling 170, 406 pipe support stools & thrust blocks 233 pipes to BS 1259 201 pipes to BS 6197 53, 205, 347 placing of mass concrete 185, 537 placing of prestressed concrete 186 placing of reinforced concrete 186, 537 post tensioned prestressing 195 precast 199, 424 prescribed mix 51 prestressed lintels 40 provision & placing 423 ready mixed 51, 537 pumps 118 reinforcement 193, 427 retaining walls 512 roads and pavings 270, 385 roofs 455 safety barriers 342 skips 118 sprayed or brushed waterproofing 312 staircases 461 stools and thrust blocks 233 structural 423 sub-bases 261, 360 sundries 187 surrounds to services 232 tables & memoranda 543 tanks 512 tile roof covering 454, 458 vibrators 117 waterproof & protective layers 385 waterstops 194 Conditions of Contract initial appraisal 7 Connections—Drains 350 Consequential Loss Insurance preliminaries & general items 21 Constructed Cost Indices cost & tender price indices 489 Construction Joints joints in concrete 270, 385 Consultants

682

Index

non-time related charges 27 site on-costs 27 site requirements 27 time related charges 27 Consulting Engineers’ Fees 503 Consumable Stores breaker steels 55 chains 54 cutting discs 54 dewatering 55 gas refills 54 lube oils 54 ropes 54 plant costs 112 Contractor Design buried structures 446 Contents Insurance preliminaries & general items 21 Contract Bond preliminaries & general items 22 Contract Investment oncosts & profit 483 Contraction Joints joints in concrete 271, 385 Contractors plant costs 108 non-time related charges 17, 26 preliminaries & general items 15 time related charges 15, 24 Conversion Tables & Factors tables & memoranda 543 Cooker Points 476 Copings common brickwork 289, 440 engineering brickwork 293, 294, 440 facing brickwork 291, 442 precast concrete 199 Copper Lead Conductors lightning protection 403 Corner Cube Road Studs road markings 396 Corrosion Protection of Steelwork 430 Corrugated Steel buried structures 365 drainage below ground 348 Cosines, natural 598 Cost & Tender Price Indices constructed cost indices 491

683

Index

indices for formula adjustments 489 price adjustment formula 489 price adjustment indices 489 road construction price indices 493 Cost Estimate outline of estimating & tender process 9 Covers & Frames manholes 75 Crack Inducers miscellaneous 77 Cranes plant costs 118 Creosote 308 Crib Walling approximate estimates 514 basic material prices 59 earth retention 59 earthworks 379 precast concrete 378 timber 378 Cubicles 468 Cultivation Additives compost 75, 179, 373 fertilizer 75, 179, 373 granular treatments 75, 179, 373 herbicide 75, 179, 373 manure 75, 179, 373 peat 75, 179, 373 weedkiller 75, 179, 373 Culverts basic material prices 56 coated corrugated steel 228 Culverts, Cattle Creeps, Subway Units piped 347 precast concrete 425 Curtain Walling external walls 465 Curved Formwork 426 Cutting pavements 269, 386 Cutting Discs consumable stores 54 Cuttings 365 Cycle Stands 479 Damp-Proofing Bituthene 311, 432 polythene sheet 310, 463

684

Index

waterproof render 311 Dams 512 Daywork definition of daywork 497 distribution of fuel 498 fuel distribution 498 handling & offloading materials 499 materials—handling & offloading 499 offloading materials 499 plant servicing 497 servicing of plant 497 welfare facilities 499 Decauville Track rail track 279 Deck Coatings (Non-Slip) protective coatings (material costs) 78 Decking prestressed concrete 199 Decorations Artex 473 emulation paint 473 finishings 473 fire protection 473 gloss paint 473 intumescent paint 473 mineral fibre sprayed 473 polyurethane lacquer 473 primer 235 Definition of daywork 497 formwork 187 Demolitions buildings 160, 336 walls 161 Demountable Partitions internal walls 467 partitions 467 Dense Aggregate Blockwork build in pipes etc. 297 walls 296 Dense Bitumen Macadam flexible pavements 268 road construction 384 Dense Tar Surfacing flexible pavements 268 road construction 384 Dense Tarmacadam flexible pavements 268

685

Index

road construction 384 Design of Temporary Works outline of estimating & tender process 9 Designed Mix concrete 51 Detector feeder cables 402 loops 396 Dewatering consumable stores 55 earthworks 173 plant costs 134 Diaphragm Walling ground stabilisation 154, 420 Disposal basis of rates 169 double handling 171 earthworks 171, 363 excavated earth 171, 532 installations 474 rock or other hard material 171 Distribution of Fuel daywork 498 Ditches land drainage 228, 271 Dock Levellers 476 Dock Systems dredging 163 Doors external 324, 465 internal 324, 468 frames 325 Dot Class Material quarry products 84 Double Handling disposal 171 excavated topsoil 171 rock or other hard material 171 Dowels concrete 194 miscellaneous 77 movement joints 438 Drainage above ground 313 allowances 480 approximate estimates 521 average unit costs 480 below ground 200

686

Index

carbon steel pipes BS 3821 211 cast iron pipes BS 459 208 clay pipes BS 65 201 coated corrugated steel culverts 228 concrete bedding 231 concrete haunchings 231 concrete pipes BS 6197 205, 347 concrete stools & thrust blocks 233 concrete surrounds 232 corrugated steel 348 dewatering system 173 drainage pipework 200 ductile spun iron pipes BS 5194 209 excavation in mass concrete 230 excavation in reinforced concrete 230 excavation in rock 230 gullies 227, 359 land drainage 228, 270 large bore concrete pipes 207 manholes 219, 351 non-return tidal flap valves 216 penstocks 216 pipework protection 230 pipe bedding—granular material 230 pipe bedding—imported sand 231 pipe bedding—mass concrete 231 pipe connections 229 pipe constants (table and memoranda) 591 pipe haunching—mass concrete 231 pipe jacking 230 pipe supports—stools & thrust blocks 233 pipe surrounds—granular material 232 pipe surrounds—imported sand 231 pipe surrounds—mass concrete 231 pipework 200 pipework supports 230 polymer drain channel 273 protection to pipework 230 pvc-u fittings 102 pvc-u gutters 314 pvc-u pipes 102, 212 pvc-u rainwater pipes 314 redundant drains or sewers 161 reinstatement of pavements 217, 365 reinstatement of surfacing 217 reinstatement work 217 renovation of sewers 318 Safeticurb channels 273, 389 sand, band & wick drains 156 sewer renovation 318 soft spots 230 subsoil 107

687

Index

supports & protection 230 tables and memoranda 591 testing kit 54 tools 137 trench widths (tables and memoranda) 591 Ultrarib pvc-u 215 valves & penstocks 216 vitrified clay BS 65 346 work to redundant drains 215, 360 Drawings initial appraisal 7 Dredgers floating craft 164 floating pontoon with excavator 164 ladder type dredger 163, 164 Dredging canals 164 dock systems 163 earthworks 164 general bed lowering 164 harbour beds 164 lagoons 164 lakes 164 land reclamation 164 maintaining shipping channels 163 new channels in tidal location 163 rivers 164 silted dock systems 164 Drilling & Blasting in open cut 172 in quarry 172 in rock 172 in trenches 172 rock removal 172 Driven Piling cast-in-place concrete 244, 410 preformed concrete 250, 406 Drop Kerbs precast concrete 271, 389 Dry Lining Wall Finish 469 Dry Stone Walling masonry 299, 445 Drying plant costs 138 Duct Covers Stelduct 236 Ductile Spun Iron pipes BS 4992 209 Dumpers

688

Index

plant costs 130 Durbar Flooring steelwork 236 Dynamic Compaction ground stabilisation 158, 377 Earth moving excavation equipment 165 earth moving equipment 166 excavation by backacter 168 excavation by hand 168 excavation by pneumatic equipment 167 load material 168 preparation of filled surfaces filled surfaces 175 excavated surfaces 170 retaining walls 512 retention and stabilisation approximate estimates 512 crib walling 59 gabions 59 rods 403 support earthworks 172 manholes 217, 351 approximate estimates 526 support requirements (tables and memoranda) 554 treatment of filled surfaces 175 Earthworks average unit costs 162, 363 crib walling 378 cuttings 365 dewatering 173 deposition 366 disposal 366 disposal—excavated material 171 disposal rates 363 dredging 163 drilling & blasting in rock 172 earth moving 165 earthwork supports 172 excavation 165 excavation for cuttings 365 excavation for foundations 168 excavation for intercepting ditches 366 excavation for structures 365 excavation for water courses 366

689

Index

excavation rates 363 excavation to general areas 170 filling 173, 367 gabions 378 labour gang rate allowances 162 general excavation 169 geotextiles 176, 369 ground anchorages 379 horticultural works 179, 373 landscaping 179 membranes 176, 369 surface treatments 170 tables & memoranda 554 treatment of surfaces 170 trial pits 380 Eaves Details 459, 460 Edge Trims, Alumimium 460 Edgings basic material prices 78 precast concrete 274, 389 Electric Mains 480 Electrical Fittings fittings 476 Electrical Services Installations 475 Electrical Work Road Lighting & Signs 401 Ellis Trief Safety Kerb precast concrete 273, 389 Emergency Lighting 475 Employers liability allowances 35 liability insurance 21 non-time related charges 27 site oncost 27 non-time related charges 20, 27 preliminaries and general items 13 time related charges 19, 27 time related charges 27 Emulsion Paint Decoration average unit costs 473 material costs 80 wall finishes 305, 469 Enamelled Steel internal walls 468 partitions 468 Engineer’s Fees professional fees 503 Engineering Brickwork brickwork 292, 293, 440 build in pipes etc. 295, 425

690

Index

columns 292, 294 copings, etc. 293, 294, 440 piers 293,294 material costs 39 rebates & chases 293, 294 walls 292, 293, 440 Entrance Matting 472 Entrance Screens 466 EPDM Membrane roof coverings 460 Epoxy floor finishes 470 painting of steelwork 235 Equipment Bases And Supports motorway communications 404 Erosion Control Mat geotextiles 176 Erosion Protection geotextiles 176 Estimates approximate estimates 511 Example Summary preliminaries and general items 29 Excavated Earth disposal 171 filling 173 Excavated Material disposal outputs 532 weights (tables and memoranda) 553 Excavated Rock filling 175 Excavated Surfaces treatment of surfaces 170 Excavated Topsoil double handling 171 Excavation access shafts 284 alternative soil conditions 363 cable trench 401, 404 cuttings 365 earthworks 165 foundations 168 general areas 170 hard material manholes 219, 365 road lighting 401 mass concrete

691

Index

below ground drainage 230 manholes 219, 351 reinforced concrete below ground drainage 230 manholes 353 rock below ground drainage 230 concrete for manholes 230, 351 structures 365 tables and memoranda 554 tunnels 284 water courses 366 Excavation Plant backacter 165, 168 dragline 165 face shovel 165 hand 168 multi-purpose loader/back hoe 165 pneumatic equipment 168 plant costs 120 Excavation Gang labour gang rate allowances 162 Expamet Reinforcement brickwork 299 miscellaneous 79 Expansion Joints joints in concrete 271, 385 to bridge deck 438 to other than bridge deck 438 Expansion Joints & Sealing of Gaps 438 Expoband joint fillers 67 Expocrete joint fillers 67 Expoflex joint fillers 67 Exposed Aggregate external walls 464 External Doors & Windows 465 External Furniture 478 External Lighting 479 External Services 479, 521 External Walls aluminium cladding 464 blockwork 462 brickwork 462 bush hammering 464 cavity work 462

692

Index

cement paint 465 concrete 463 curtain walling 464 exposed aggregate 464 facing brickwork 462 glazed walling 464 non asbestos cladding 463 reinforced concrete 464 rendering 465 sandwich panel 464 shot blasting 464 steel cladding 463 stone cladding 464 wrought formwork 464 External Works bollards 478 brick paviors 478 car parking 478 cobbles 478 cycle stands 479 drainage allowances 480 electric mains 479 external furniture 477 external lighting 479 external services 479 fencing 479 flag pole/staff 479 garages 478 gas mains 479 granite setts 478 guard rails 478 paved areas 478 planted areas 477 precast paviors 478 screen walls 479 seeded areas 477 shrubs 477 telephone ducting 479 trees 478 vehicle barriers 479 water mains 479 york stone paving 478 Externally Illuminated Signs traffic signs on gantries 394 Extra Cost of Reinforcement In Slabs 450 Extra Smooth Finish formwork 190 Extruded Asphalt channels 389 kerbs 389

693

Index

Fabric Reinforcement high yield steel 192, 385, 427 material costs 38 Facing Brickwork brickwork 290, 441 build in pipes etc. 291 columns 290 copings, etc. 291, 442 external walls—average unit costs 462 fair face 291 flat arches 291, 442 material costs 39 piers 290 rebates & chases 291 segmental arches 291, 442 walls 291, 441 Factories 512 Fair Faced formwork 189, 452 wall finishes 469 Famflex waterstops 67 Famflex Sheet waterproofing structures 433 Famguard Sheet waterproofing structures 433 Fees consulting engineers’ 503 preliminaries & general items 20 quantity surveyors’ 507 Felt roof coverings 454, 460 Fencing average unit costs 338 basic material prices 61 site boundary 61 safety 341 Fertilizer cultivation additives 179, 373 landscaping 73 Fidelity Guarantee Insurance preliminaries & general items 22 Field Drains BS 1261 clay 201 Field Gate permanent fencing 339 Filled Surfaces

694

Index

trea 175 223 Filling compaction of fill 368 earthworks 367 excavated earth 173 excavated rock 175 french & rubble drains 227, 271 imported armour stones 368 imported graded fill 174, 367 imported granular material 174, 367 imported topsoil 173 sea defences 368 shore protection 368 subgrades & capping layers 368 suitable material 368 Filling Abandoned Workings mines 159 Filter Drains clay perforated pipes 348 land drainage (french drains) 348 Fin Drains 349 Finance Costs—Contract Investment oncosts & profit 483 Finishing Surfaces concrete 196, 426 Finishings ceiling 472 decorations 473 floor 470 wall 467 Fire alarms 477 doors 478 extinguishers 477 insurance—preliminaries and general items 22 ponds/lagoons 512 proof internal walls 468 proof partitions 466 protection and decoration 473 resistant ceiling finishes 472 shutters 466 staircases 461 Fittings kitchen fittings 474 office furniture 474 shelving 474 signs 474 Fix Only Equipment motorway communications 405

695

Index

Fixing Reinforcement outputs 538 Flag Pole/Staff 479 Flags paving 71 Flat Arches facing brickwork 291, 442 Flat Roofs concrete 455 precast concrete 455 timber 454 Flexcell joint fillers 67 Flexible Construction roads & paving 267, 384 Flexible Pavements bitumen macadam 268 bituminous spray 269 coated chippings 269 cold asphalt 269 dense bitumen macadam 268 dense tar surfacing 268 dense tarmacadam 268 rolled asphalt 268 slurry sealing 269 Floating Pontoon With Excavator dredgers 163 Flooring open grid 236 plate 236 Floor Finishes access/computer 472 acrylic polymer 470 Altro safety 471 anti-static 471 asphalt 470 carpet/carpet tile 471 cement & sand screeded 470 ceramic tile 471 chipboard 470 composition block 471 computer/access 472 entrance matting 472 epoxy 470 flexible sheet 330 granolithic 470 latex non-slip 470 latex screed 470 levelling screed 470

696

Index

polyester resin 470 polymer 470 power floated 470 quarry tile 471 rubber tile 471 screeded 470 skirtings 472 softwood 470 surface hardener 470 Synthanite 470 tile 471 timber 470 vinyl sheet 471 vinyl tile 471 Fog Warning—Motorway Communication 404 Foot Bridges 515 Footpaths 518, 520 Footways 388 Formica Faced Wall Finish 469 Formulae tables & memoranda 550 access shaft lining 285 civil engineering works 187 class F1 finish 426 class F2 finish 426 class F3 finish 427 concrete 188, 426 curved 426 definitions 187 extra smooth finish 190 fair faced 452 fair finish 189 highway works 426 labour gang rate allowances 187 outputs 539 plant costs 140 rough 285 rough finish 188 shuttering 89 smooth finish 452 steel forms 191 stripping times 564 structural concrete 187 tunnel lining 286 wrought finish 454 Foundations column bases 449 foundation bases 450 pile caps 450 piled 450 raft 450

697

Index

strip footings 450 trench fill 449 structures 513 Frame & Upper Floors 453 Frame to Roof 451 Frames, Gullies & Gratings basic material prices 63 steelwork 429 French & Rubble Drains filling 227 land drainage 228 Frodingham Steel Sheet Piling 64, 72, 186 256, 414 Fuel Consumption plant costs 111 Fuel Distribution daywork 498 Furniture & Fittings average unit costs 474 Gabions average unit costs 378 approximate estimates 514 basic material prices 59 Galvanised Steel roof decking 455 Galvanising steelwork 235, 430 Garages 478, 511 Gas Installation installation 476 main 475 refills 54 General Bed Lowering dredging locations 164 General Excavation 169 General Labouring Gang labour gang rate allowances 162 General Purpose Plant preliminaries & general items 21 worked example 23 Generators plant costs 119 Geotextiles basic material prices 62 unti costs 369, 176 Glassfibre Insulation roof coverings 457

698

Index

Glazed Walling external walls 464 Glazing 325, 588 Gloss Paint decoration 473 paint 80 painting 303 wall finishes 469 Graded imported fill material 367 imported granular material 174, 367 Granite Chippings roof coverings 460 Granite Setts average unit costs 478 miscellaneous 79 paving 72, 276, 391 Granolithic floor finishes 470 skirtings 472 Granular Material pavement sub-bases 267 road sub-bases 383 Granular Treatments cultivation additives 179, 373 Grass Seeds landscaping 73 Grass Sowing horticultural works 179, 374 hydraulic mulch grass seed 179, 374 laying imported turf 179, 374 materials—grass seed 179, 374 Gratings & Frames gullies 63 Grease Interceptors clay 227, 359 Grease Traps gullies 50 Greenheart Components woodwork 238 Grit Blasting plant costs 137 steelwork 430 Ground Anchorages earthworks 379 ground stabilisation 155 Ground Investigation

699

Index

average unit costs 148 rotary drilled boreholes 149 trial holes 148 Ground Slabs average unit costs 451 Ground Stabilisation abandoned mine workings 159 average unit costs 152 diaphragm walling 154 dynamic compaction 158, 377 ground anchorages 155 grout holes 152 sand, band & wick drains 156 vibroreplacement 157 Ground Water Lowering 380 Grout base plates 197 redundant drains 360 holes—ground stabilisation 152 GRP Tiles roof coverings 459 Guard Rails 279, 344, 478 Gullies approximate estimates 521 basic material prices 63 clay 227, 359 drainage below ground 227, 359 precast concrete 227, 359 gratings & frames 63 grease traps 50 road gullies 50 yard gullies 50 Gutters average unit costs 459, 460 material costs 106 Handling & Offloading Materials daywork 500 Handrails pedestrian guard railing 344 stairs 461 steelwork 236 Harbour Bed Control dredging locations 164 Hardcore pavement sub-bases 268 road sub-bases 383 Hardwood

700

Index

timber 90 boarding 240 external doors 465 internal door frames 468 stain 307 windows 465 Head Office Overheads oncosts & profit 483 Heating plant costs 138 Heating Installation 475 Hedges planting 181, 340, 375 Hepworth pipes & fittings (material costs) 47 Herbaceous & Ground Cover Plants planting 375 Herbicide cultivation additives 373 High Performance Felts roof coverings 460 High Tensile Strained Wire permanent fencing 342 High Yield Steel bar reinforcement 192, 270, 427 fabric reinforcement 192, 270, 427 Hip Details 459 Hoists average unit costs 476 plant costs 122 Holding Down Bolts steelwork 234 Hollow Section steel 97 Holorib Permanent Formwork 453 Horticultural Works 179 average unit costs 179, 373 cultivation additives—compost 179, 373 cultivation additives—fertilizer 179, 373 cultivation additives—granular 179, 373 cultivation additives—herbicide 179, 373 cultivation additives—manure 179, 373 cultivation additives—peat 179, 373 cultivation additives—weedkiller 179, 373 earthworks 179, 373 grass sowing 179 grassing 374 land drains 181

701

Index

landscaping 179 laying turf 179 plant support netting 180, 375 planters 179 planting—aftercare & maintenance 376 planting—bulbs 180, 376 planting—hedges 181, 375 planting—herbaceous/ground cover 179, 375 planting—shrubs 180, 375 planting—trees 180, 374 planting—weed killer 376 planting aftercare 376 preparation of surfaces 179, 373 shrub stakes 180, 375 tree guards 181, 374 tree stakes 180, 374 tree supports 181, 374 Hose reels 477 pipe 56 Hot & Cold Water Installations 475 Hydraulic Backacters—Production Rates outputs 529 Hydraulic Mulch Grass Seed grass sowing 179, 374 Hydrocell joint fillers 67 Hyload Damp Proof Course brickwork 299 Immersion Heaters 476 Imported Armour Stones filling 368 Imported fill material clay 367 graded 367 rock 368 selected fill 368 selected graded 367 well graded 367 Imported graded fill filling 367 granular material filling 174, 367 graded 174, 367 imported rock 175

702

Index

imported topsoil 173 selected 174 Inclinometer instrumentation 64 Indemnity Insurance preliminaries & general items 22 Indices For Formula Adjustments cost & tender price indices 489 Industrial Buildings 511 Industrial Lagoons dredging locations 164 Infrastructure 519 Initial Appraisal bills of quantities 7 conditions of contract 7 drawings 7 outline of estimating & tender process 5 specification 7 Insitu Concrete beams 452 columns 451 tunnel linings 285 structural 183, 423 Insitu Finishes 326 Installation of Bridge Bearings laminated elastomeric rubber 434 mechanical guide 434 plain rubber 434 pot, fixed and sliding 434 Instrumentation inclinometer 64 peizometer 64 soil instrumentation 64 Insulation boards 323, 457 quilts 322, 457 to upper floors 457 Insurances & Bonds preliminaries & general items 21 Interceptors basic material prices 88 clay 227 manholes 227, 359 Interlocking Steel Sheet Piles piles 65 Internal Doors architraves 469 average unit costs 468

703

Index

fire doors 468 hardwood frames 468 lintels 468 softwood 468 softwood frames 468 steel frames 468 Internal Walls aluminium glazed 467 blockwork 467 brickwork 467 concrete 467 demountable 467 enamelled steel 468 finishings to 467 fire proof 468 metal stud 466 plasterboard faced 466 reinforced concrete 467 soundproof 467 stainless steel 467 steel 466 stud 466 timber stud 466 Internally Illuminated Signs traffic signs on gantries 394 Intumescent Paint Decoration 473 Ironmongery 325 Isocrete ‘K’ Screeds roof coverings 457 Joints concrete 194, 385 construction 271, 385 contraction 271, 385 expansion 270, 385, 438 fillers Expoband 67 Expocrete 67 Expoflex 67 Flexcell 67 Hydrocell 67 Thioflex 67 longitudinal 270, 385 movement joint sealers 438 Jointing Clayware Pipes outputs 535 Joists steel 94

704

Index

Kerbs beany block type 70 block kerbs 69 extruded asphalt 389 highway works 333 pavements 266 precast concrete 69, 271, 388 quadrants 272, 389 roads & paving 271, 388 Safeticurb type 70 safety kerbs 69 Kitchen Equipment 474 Klargester interceptors 88 cesspools 88 septic tanks 88 Labour Costs all-in labour rates 34 average working week 34 bonus payments 34 non-productive overtime 34 resources 34 subsistence allowances 34 travelling allowances 34, 35 updates 605 working hours 34 CECC rules 33 Ladder Type Dredger dredgers 164 Ladders average unit costs 461 scaffolding 87 Lagoons dredging 164 Lakes dredging 164 Lamps, Lanterns & Luminaires road lighting 399 Land Drainage approximate estimates 523 average unit costs 227 concrete porous pipes BS 1259 205 culverts 228 ditches 228 drainage below ground 227 filter drains (french drains) 348 fin drains 349 french & rubble drains 227

705

Index

706

narrow filter drains 348 pvc-u perforated pipes 212 horticultural works 179, 373 Landfill Tax xi, 602 Land Reclamation dredging 164 Land Remediation vii Landings steelwork 236 Landscape Paving paving 72 Landscaping approximate estimates 522 average unit costs 179, 477 basic material prices 73 cultivation additives—compost 179, 373 cultivation additives—fertilizer 179, 373 cultivation additives—granular treatment 179, 373 cultivation additives—herbicide 179, 373 cultivation additives—manure 179, 373 cultivation additives—peat 179, 373 cultivation additives—weedkiller 179, 373 earthworks 179 fertiliser 74 grass seed 74 horticultural works 179, 373 laying turf 180 planting—aftercare & maintenance operations 376 planting—bulbs 180, 375 planting—hedges 180, 375 planting—herbaceous/ground cover plants 180,375 planting—shrubs 180, 375 planting—trees 180, 374 planting—weed killer 373 preparation of surfaces 179, 373 tools 139 turf 73 Larssen Steel Sheet Piling 65, 415 Latex Non-Slip Floor Finish 470 Lay-Bys 518 Laying Clayware Pipes (Outputs) 535 Laying Imported Turf 180, 374 Laying Rail Track 281 Letters road markings 395 Levelling Screed floor finishes 470 Liability Insurances preliminaries & general items 21

Index

Lift Installations 476 Lifting Gear plant costs 122 Lifting Traffic Barrier steel 397 street furniture 397 Light Duty Pavements asphalt/bitumen macadam 275, 390 Breedon gravel 276 brick paviors 276, 391 cobble paving 276, 391 concrete 275, 391 concrete base 275 granite setts 275, 391 gravel 276, 391 gravel base 274 hardcore base 275 pea shingle 276 precast concrete paving 276, 391 river or pit gravel 276 rolled asphalt 275 sand base 274 Lighting precast concrete bracket arms 399 precast concrete columns 399 road lighting cable 401 road lighting cable jointing 402 road lighting cable terminations 402 Lightning Protection average unit costs 477 copper lead conductors 403 earth rods 403 Lightweight Aggregate Blocks 40, 295, 442 Lightweight Screeds screeds 457 Limestone ballast roof covering 457 chipping roof covering_ 459 Lines road markings 394 Linings to Tunnels precast concrete 285 Lintels to Internal Doors 468 Loading Loose Material By Hand outputs 534 Loading Material earth moving 168 Locating Buried Cables

707

Index

road lighting and traffic signs 398 communications 404 Longitudinal Joints joints in concrete 270, 385 Loss of Money Insurance preliminaries & general items 22 Lotrak geotextiles 62 Lube Oils consumable stores 54 Mains Electrical Work 475 Maintaining Shipping Channels dredging locations 163 Management Appraisal outline of estimating & tender process 11 Manholes civil engineering works—unit costs 218 highways works—unit costs 351 Manure cultivation additives 179, 373 Marker Posts traffic signs 392 Masonry ashlar masonry 298, 444 civil engineering works—unit costs 288 dry stone walling 299, 445 painting 304 rubble walling 298, 444 tables and memoranda 565 Material prices 37, 605 loading by hand (outputs) 534 handling and offloading (daywork) 500 Mechanical Services Installations 475 Melamine Faced wall finishes 469 Membranes average unit costs 176 geotextiles 176, 369 roof coverings 460 Metal roof decking 455 staircases 461 stud partitions and doors 466 Metalwork miscellaneous 429

708

Index

structural 234 Method Related Charges preliminaries & general items 15 Method Statement & Programme outline of estimating & tender process 8 Mild Steel bar reinforcement 192, 270 Mineral Fibre Sprayed Decoration 473 Mines filling abandoned workings 159 Mortar Mixes tables & memoranda Mortuaries 511 Motorway Communications approximate estimates 516 communications 405 cable terminations 404 communication cables 405 detector feeder cables 405 detector loops 405 equipment bases 405 excavate cable trench 404 fix only equipment 405 fog warning 405 highway works 404 power cables 404 terminal blocks 405 work for loop detection circuits 405 Mould Oil miscellaneous 78 Movement Joints dowels 438 expansion joints 438 joint sealers 438 waterstops 438 Mulseal waterproofing structures 433 waterstops 67 Multipliers For Formwork outputs 539 Nails 90 Narrow Filter Drains land drainage 350 National Insurance Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Naylor

709

Index

710

pipes & fittings (material costs) 44 Netlon geotextiles 62 New Channels In Tidal Location dredging locations 163 Noise Barriers noise reflective barriers 340 sound absorptive barriers 340 Non Asbestos Cladding external walls 463 roof coverings 455 Non-Productive Overtime labour costs 34 Non-Return Tidal Flap Valves drainage below ground 216 Non-Time Related Charges consultant’s site requirements 19, 27 contractor’s site oncosts 17, 26 employer’s site requirements 19, 27 preliminaries & general items 14 refer to outline of estimating and tender process 7 Office Furniture 474 Offloading Materials daywork 500 Oncosts & Profit assessment of contract investment 483 contract investment 483 finance costs—contract investment 483 head office overheads 483 overheads 483 profit 483 risk/opportunity 483 tender summary 486 value added tax (vat) 485 Open Grid Flooring steelwork 236 Ordinary Portland cement 51 Outline of Estimating & Tender Process general 5 cost estimate 9 design of temporary works 9 initial appraisal 6 management appraisal 11 method statement & programme 8 obtaining prices—materials 7 obtaining prices—sub-contractors 8

Index

method statement & programme 8 obtaining prices—materials 7 obtaining prices—sub-contractors 8 pricing the tender 10 quantities check 9 site visit 8 submission of tender 12 Outputs backacters identification chart 530 production rates 529 beam formwork 539 breaking out brickwork 533 concrete 533 masonry 533 pavements 533 clayware pipes—laying and jointing 535 concrete—placing 537 disposal of excavated material 532 excavated material—disposal 532 fixing reinforcement 538 formwork multipliers 539 beams, walls and slab 539 hydraulic backacters—production rates 529 jointing clayware pipes 535 laying clayware pipes 535 manholes—precast concrete 536 material loading by hand 534 multipliers for formwork 539 placing concrete 537 precast concrete manholes 536 production rates—hydraulic backacters 529 purpose and content of book 3 ready mix concrete—placing 537 reinforcement—fixing 538 slab formwork 539 wall formwork 539 Overheads oncosts & profit 483 Owning Costs of Plant plant costs 109 Painting average unit costs 302, 473 anti-condensation 305 bituminous 308 creosote 308

711

Index

emulsion 305 floor 306 gloss 303 hardwood stain 307 masonry 303 material costs 80 polyurethane varnish 307 primer 302 steelwork protection 235, 430 undercoat 303 Parapets aluminium 437 average unit costs 436 steel 436 Parklands 523 Partitions aluminium glazed 467 blockwork 467 brickwork 467 concrete 467 demountable 467 enamelled steel 467 finishings to 466 fire proof 468 metal stud 466 plasterboard faced 466 reinforced concrete 467 soundproof 468 stainless steel 467 steel 467 stud 466 timber stud 466 Patent Glazing 456 Paved Areas average unit costs 270, 478 Pavement Sub-Bases concrete 268 granular material 267 hardcore 268 wetmix macadam 268 Pavements breaking up 380 cutting 269, 386 flexible bitumen macadam 268 bituminous spray 269 coated chippings 269 cold asphalt 269 dense bitumen macadam 268 dense tar surfacing 268

712

Index

dense tarmacadam 268 flexible construction 268 rolled asphalt 269 slurry sealing 269 tack coat 269 highway works 388 kerbs 271 light duty asphalt/bitumen macadam 275, 390 brick paviors 276, 391 cobble paving 276, 391 granite setts 275, 391 gravel 276, 391 precast concrete paving 276, 391 perforation 380 rigid bar reinforcement 270 concrete 270 fabric reinforcement 270 joints in concrete 270 polyethylene sheet 270 construction 270 scarify surface 269, 387 sub-bases concrete 268 granular material 267 hardcore 268 wet mix macadam 268 surface planing 269, 387 Pavements trimming edges 269, 386 work to pavement for loop detection circuits 385 Paving & Surfacing tables & memoranda 589 Paving average unit costs 276, 390 basic material costs 71 spread rates (tables and memoranda) 590 Paviors brickwork 276, 391 Pea Gravel filling—road lighting 401 Peat cultivation additives 73, 179, 373 Pedestrian Crossings crossing 395 guard rails 344, 478 Peizometer

713

Index

714

instrumentation 64 Penstocks drainage below ground 216 Perforated clay drains BS 65 201 pavements 380 pvc-u pipes 212 Permanent Erection of Steelwork 234 Permanent Fencing close boarded 339 field gate 339 high tensile strained wire 338 plastic coated chain mesh 338 post & rail 338 steel gate 339 timber stile 339 Permanent Formwork 452 Permeable Membrane geotextiles 176, 369 Personal Accident Insurance preliminaries & general items 22 Petrol interceptors 63 stations 511 Piers common brickwork 289 engineering brickwork 293, 294 facing brickwork 290 Pig Netting temporary fencing 339 Piling average unit costs 244, 406, 450 bored in-situ reinforced concrete 244 concrete injected piles (flight augered) 248, 409 driven cast-in-place reinforced concrete 249, 410 preformed concrete 250, 406 driven timber piles 251 Frodingham (interlocking) steel sheet piling 65, 254, 414 Larssen (interlocking) steel sheet piling 65, 256, 415 plant 244 segmental casing method 249, 410 steel universal bearing piles 66, 260, 411 steel tubular piles 417 Pipe average unit costs 200 bedding imported granular material 230 imported sand 230 mass concrete 230

Index

715

carbon steel BS 3729 211 cast iron BS 471 208 clay BS 65 201 connections 229 cutters 54 ductile spun iron BS 5194 209 fittings cast iron 41, 53 clayware 43 Hepworth 47 Naylor 44 steel 93 jacking 230 pipe surrounds imported granular 232 imported sand 231 mass concrete 231 precast concrete BS 6061 205 pvc-u 212 rainwater pipes 106 supports and protection 230 Piped Building Services pipework 331 equipment 331 sanitary appliances 332 Pitched Timber Roofs 454 Placing mass concrete bases, footings, pile caps, ground beams 185 blinding 185 concrete 185 other concrete forms 186 walls 186 outputs 537 prestressed concrete beams 186 concrete 186 suspended slabs 186 reinforced concrete bases, footings, pile caps, ground beams 186 Placing reinforced concrete casings to metal sections 186 columns and piers 186 suspended slabs 186 walls 186 Plant Resource Costs 108, 606 Plant Costs access platforms 112

Index

access staging 126 access towers 126 agricultural 113 air tools 140 asphalt pavers 113 boilers 139 cleaners 115 compaction 114 compressor tools 116 compressors 115 concrete mixers 118 concrete pumps 118 concrete skips 118 concrete vibrators 117 consumables 112 contractor owned plant 108 cranes 118 dewatering 134 drain tools 137 drying 138 dumpers 130 excavators 120 formwork equipment 140 fuel consumption 111 generators 119 grit blasting 137 heating 138 hoists 122 landscaping tools 139 lifting gear 122 lighting 136 miscellaneous 135 owning costs 109 piling plant 123 portable buildings 141 power floats 117 power tools 138 pumps 134 road construction 113 road form 135 road safety 135 rollers 124 scaffolding 125 shot blasting 137 stone splitters 137 storage tanks 139 sweepers 115 tippers 130 tractors 127 transformers 136 transport 130 trench sheets 132

716

Index

717

utilisation factors 110 water supply 139 welding sets 136 Plants average unit costs 477 aftercare and maintenance 376 bulbs 180, 375 hedges 181, 375 herbaceous and ground cover plants 179, 375 shrubs 180, 375 support netting 180, 375 trees 180, 374 weed killer 373 Plaster ceiling finish 472 wall finish 469 plasterboard wall finish 469 ceiling finish 472 plasterboard faced internal wall finish 466 partitions 466 Plastic Coated Chain Mesh permanent fencing 338 Plate Flooring steelwork 236 Plate Girder Main Members steelwork 429 Playgrounds 523 Plastic waterstops 67 Plus Rates For Conditions conditions (CECC rules) 33 skill (working rule agreement) 33 Plywood shuttering 89 floor finishes 322 wall finishes 322, 469 boarding—roof covering (average unit costs) 457 Polyester Resin floor finishes—average unit costs 470 Polyethylene Sheet waterproof & protective layers 311, 385 Polymer average unit costs, spray applied 459 channels & fittings 80, 273 floor finishes 470 Polypropylene

Index

718

geotextile sheet 176, 369 Polystyrene Insulation roof coverings 457 Polythene Sheet waterproof & protectives layers 311, 385 Polyurethane insulation—roof covering 457 lacquer decoration 473 spray—roof covering 459 varnish—painting 307 Porous Pipes BS 1259 precast concrete 205 Portable Buildings plant costs 141 Portal Frames steelwork 234 Portland Whitbed ashlar masonry 298, 444 corbels 298, 444 copings 298, 444 keystones 298, 444 surrounds to openings 298 Post & Rail Fencing permanent fencing 339 Post Office Buildings 511 Post Tensioned Pretensioned Structural Concrete 195 Power floated floor finishes 470 floats 117 installation 475 tools 138 Precast Concrete beams 198, 424 beany block kerb/drainage block 274, 389 bench seats 397 bollards 397 cable tiles 401 channels 272, 388 copings 199 beams 198, 424 beany block kerb/drainage block 274, 389 bench seats 397 bollards 397 cable tiles 401 channels 272, 388 copings 199 crib walling 59, 378 culverts, cattle creeps, subway units 56, 425 deckings 271, 199

Index

drop kerbs 389 edgings 69, 274, 389 ellis trief safety kerb 273, 389 flat roofs—average unit costs 455 gullies 227, 359 kerb quadrants 272, 388 kerbs 69, 271, 388 large bore pipes 207 lighting bracket arms 399 lighting columns 399 linings to tunnels 285 manhole rings 221, 351 manholes 536, 351 outputs 536 paving blocks 276, 391 paving flags 276, 391 pipes BS 6197 205 porous pipes BS 1259 205 prestressed pretensioned beams 198 road gulley 227, 359 road lighting columns 399 Safeticurb channels 272, 388 slabs 199 sleepers 279 structural concrete 199 Preformed Segmental Linings tunnels 285 Preliminaries & General Items average unit costs 143, 333 all risks insurance 21 bonds 22 charges & fees 20 checklist of items 15 consequential loss insurance 22 consultant’s site requirements 19 contents insurance 22 contract bond 22 contractor’s site oncosts 15 employer’s liability insurance 21 employer’s site requirements 19 fees 20 fidelity guarantee insurance 22 fire insurance 22 general purpose plant 21 indemnity insurance 22 insurances & bonds 21 liability insurances 21 loss of money insurance 22 method related charges 15 non-time related charges 14 personal accident insurance 22

719

Index

professional indemnity insurance 22 public liability insurance 21 purpose & content of book 3 temporary works 20 time related charges 15 vehicle insurance 21 worked example 23 Preparation of Surfaces filled earth 175 rock 175 topsoil 175 excavated earth 170 rock 170 topsoil 170 prior to landscaping 373 Preparation Work sewer renovation 318 treatment of excavated surfaces 170 Prescribed Mix concrete 51 Pressure Grouting 287 Prestressed Concrete decking 199 pretentioned beams 198, 424 post tensioned 195 Price Adjustment formula 489 indices 490 Pricing The Tender outline of estimating & tender process 10 Primers average unit costs 473 paint 80 painting 302 steelwork 235 Production Rates—Hydraulic Backacters outputs 529 Professional Fees consulting engineers 503 quantity surveyors 507 Professional Indemnity Insurance preliminaries and general items 22 Profit & Oncosts 483 Protection drainage below ground 230 board 311

720

Index

steelwork 430 pipework 230 coatings 81, 430 Provision & Placing of Concrete access roads 270, 385 access shaft linings 285 bases 423 bases to manholes 218, 351 Provision & Placing of Concrete benching to manholes 218, 351 blinding 218, 351, 422 columns, piers & beams 423 concrete 423 manholes 218, 351 slabs 270, 423 surrounds to manholes 218, 351 suspended slabs 423 suspended slabs to manholes 351 treatment of excavated surfaces 170 tunnel linings 285 walls 424 Public Address Systems 477 Public Holidays With Pay Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Public Liability Insurance preliminaries & general items 22 Pumps plant costs 134 Purlins steel 95 steelwork 234 Purpose and Content of Book 3 PVC-U drain fittings 102 drain pipes 102 drainage above ground 314 drainage below ground 212 gutters 459 marker tape 401 membrane 460 perforated pipes 212 pipes 212 rainwater gutters 106 rainwater pipes 106, 459 subsoil drainage 107 Ultrarib pipes 215 waterstops 68 Pylons steelwork 429

721

Index

Quality Assurance Policy Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Quantities Check outline of estimating & tender process 9 Quantity Surveyors’ Fees professional fees 507 Quarries drilling & blasting rock 172 Quarry Products basic material prices 84 bitumen, macadam 85 dot class material 84 road stone 85 Quarry Tile floor finishes 471 skirtings 472 Quays 512 Raft Foundations 450 Rail Track average unit costs 278 Decauville track 279 supplying 279 laying 281 foundations 278 standard gauge track 279 supplying 279 laying 281 taking up 278 tables and memoranda 593 Railway Stations 511 Rainwater Goods gutters 106, 314 pipes 106, 314, 459 Raise Level of Lid water stop tap boxes 360 Rapid Hardening cement 51 Ready Mix Concrete 51, 537 Rebates & Chases common brickwork 289 engineering brickwork 293, 294 facing brickwork 291 Reconstituted Stone Bradstone 443 Red Tinted Sand Asphalt

722

Index

waterproofing structures 433 Redundant Drains drainage below ground 161 grout drains & sewers 360 removal of services 161 seal chambers 360 seal road gullies 360 Redundant Services removal of services 161 Reflective Paint Roof Covering 459 Reflectorised Thermoplastic Screed road markings 394 Refrigerated Stores 512 Reinforced Concrete external walls 464 floors 453 internal walls 467 partitions 467 staircases 461 Reinforcement accessories 77 basic material prices 38 concrete 270.427 constants 562 fabric 270, 385 fixing (outputs) 538 high yield steel bars 192, 427 high yield steel fabric 192, 427 mild steel bars 192, 428 miscellaneous 79 stainless steel bars 193, 427 structural concrete 193 tables and memoranda 562 tying wire 38 Reinforcing Textile geotextiles 369 Reinstatement drainage below ground 217 pavements 361 surfacing 217 Removal road markings 395 services 161 pipework and services 337 Render wall finishes 465, 469 external walls 465 Renovation of Sewers average unit costs 318

723

Index

drainage below ground 318 Replacement Work treatment of surfaces 170 Reservoirs 512 Resin Anchors miscellaneous 78 Resources basic material prices 37 labour costs 34 plant 108 Retaining Walls approximate estimates 512 Revetment Matting & Duckbill Anchors geotextiles 369 Ridge Details 459 Rigid Construction pavements 270 Riser Finishings to Stairs 461 Risk/Opportunity oncosts & profit 483 Rivers dredging 164 RIW Liquid Asphaltic Composition waterproofing structures 433 Road approximate estimates 516 average unit costs 266, 383 bridges 515 construction bitumen macadam 268, 385 bituminous spray 269, 386 coated chippings 269, 386 cold asphalt 269, 384 concrete 270, 385 dense bitumen macadam 268, 384 dense tar surfacing 268, 384 dense tarmacadam 268, 384 rolled asphalt 269, 384 slurry sealing 386 crossings 519 drainage 518 form 135 gullies clay 227, 359 gullies 50, 63 precast concrete 227, 359 kerbs 69, 266, 388 lighting

724

Index

approximate estimates 519 cable feeder pillars 403 clay cable tiles 401 concrete cable tiles 401 excavating cable trench 401 excavation in hard materials 401 lamps, lanterns & luminaires 400 lighting cable 401 lighting cable joints 402 lighting cable terminations 402 pea gravel filling 401 precast concrete bracket arms 400 precast concrete columns 400 pvc-u marker tape 401 re-erect lighting column 399 sand cable bed & cover 401 steel bracket arms 399 steel columns 399 trenches & cabling 401 markings arrows 395 catseye road studs 396 corner cube road studs 396 corner cube road studs 396 letters 395 lines 394 pedestrian crossings 395 reflectorised thermoplastic 394 removal 395 stud tiles 395 triangles 395 verynyl strip markings 395 plant costs 108 price indices 489 safety 135 signs 54, 519 stone 85 sub-base concrete 268, 383 granular material 267, 383 hardcore 268, 383 wet mix macadam 268, 383 Rock bolts 287 gabions approximate estimates 514 imported fill material 367 other than hard disposal 171 double handling 171

725

Index

preparation of filled surfaces 175 preparation of surfaces 170, 175 removal blasting boulders 172 drilling and blasting in open cut 172 drilling and blasting in quarry 172 drilling and blasting in trenches 172 drilling rock 172 treatment of filled surfaces 175 Rolled Asphalt flexible pavements 269 road construction 384 Rolled Section Main Members steelwork 429 Roller Shutter Doors 465 Rollers plant costs 124 Roof cladding non asbestos 455 steel profiled 455 concrete 455 covering aluminium 454, 459 asphalt 454, 459 bitumen, spray applied 459 bituminous screeds 460 boarding 457 Roof covering building paper 456 butyl rubber membrane 460 cladding 455 clay tiles 454, 458 concrete tiles 454, 458 epdm membrane 460 felt 454, 460 glassfibre insulation 457 granite chippings 460 covering grp tiles 459 high performance felts 460 insulation boards 457 insulation quilt 457 Isocrete ‘K’ screeds 457 lightweight screeds 457 limestone ballast 457 limestone chippings 459 membranes 460

726

Index

non asbestos cladding 455 plywood boarding 457 polymer, spray applied 459 polystyrene insulation 457 polyurethane insulation 457 polyurethane spray 459 reflective paint 459 screeds 457 slate 458 solar reflective paint 459 steel cladding 456 stone 458 timber boarding 457 torch on felt 460 vapour barrier 456 woodfibre insulation 457 woodwool slabs 457 decking aluminium 455 galvanised steel 455 metal 455 steel 455 woodwool 455 hips 459 lights 456 ridges 459 tables and memoranda 520 timber 454 Ropes consumable stores 54 Rotary Drilled Boreholes ground investigation 149 Rough Finish formwork 188, 285 Rubber waterstops 68 tiled floor finish 471 Rubble Walling masonry 298, 444 Runways provision & placing of concrete 270, 383 see pavements Safeticurb Channels drainage below ground 273, 389 kerbs 70 precast concrete 273, 389 Safety Barriers safety fences 341

727

Index

tensioned beam 341 untensioned beam 341 wire rope safety fence 342 Safety Policy Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Sand drainage below ground 156 blasting of steelwork 430 cable bed and cover 401 fill to trenches 230, 359 Sandwich Panel external walls 464 Sanitary & Disposal Installations 474 Sanitary Fittings fittings 474 installation 474 Scaffolding 87, 125, 525 Scarify Surface pavements 269, 387 Screeded Floor Finish floor finishes 470 roof finishes 457 Screen Walls 479 Sea Defences filling 368 Seal Chambers chambers 360 road gullies 360 Sealing of Gaps 438 Security Alarms 477 Seeded Areas 477 Segmental Arches facing brickwork 291, 442 Selected Fill imported fill material 367 Septic Tanks 88 Servi-Pak Protection Board waterproof & protectives layers 311 Service Ducts clay cable ducts 348 highway works—unit costs 348 reinstatement of pavements 361 Services Installations 475 Services of Consulting Engineer professional fees 503 Services of Quantity Surveyor professional fees 507

728

Index

Servicing of Plant daywork 497 Servicore waterstops 68 Sewer Renovation average unit costs 318 drainage below ground 318 preparation 318 renovation 318 stabilization 318 Shear Test Elastomeric bridge bearings 435 Sheep Netting temporary fencing 339 Sheet Piling 526 Shelving 474 Shot Blasting external walls 464 plant costs 137 steelwork 430 Shrinkage of Materials tables & memoranda 554 Shrubs average unit costs 477 planting 180, 375 stakes 180, 375 Shuttering formwork 89 plywood 89 void formers 89 Shutters & Grilles 465 Signs 474 Silted Dock Systems dredging locations 164 Sines, natural 596 Site bolts for steelwork 234 boundary fencing 61 clearance clear vegetation 160 demolish buildings or structure 336 general site clearance 160, 336 highway works 336 remove redundant services 161, 337 tree removal 160 tree stump removal 160 equipment drain testing kit 54

729

Index

hoses 56 pipe cutters 54 road signs 54 stoppers 54 temporary road signs 54 traffic cones 54 facilities 519 visit—outline of estimating and tender proces 8 Skill & Conditions Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Skirtings floor finishes 321, 472 Slab formwork (outputs) 539 provision and placing of concrete 270, 423 Slate Roof Coverings 458 Sleepers precast concrete 278 timber 278 Slurry Sealing flexible pavements 269 road construction 386 Smoke Detectors 477 Smooth Finish Formwork 452 Socket Outlets 476 Soft Spots drainage below ground 230 manholes 359 Softwood boarding 240 external doors 465 flat roofs 454 floors 453 floor finishes 470 frames to internal doors 468 internal doors 468 joinery 321 pitched roofs 454 structural timber 320 timber 89 windows 465 Soil & Waste Pipework 474 Soil improvers 73 subsoil 73 topsoil 73, 372 instrumentation 64 Solar Reflective Paint roof coverings 459

730

Index

Sound absorptive barriers 340 proof internal walls 467 proof partitions 467 reduction quilt under slab 451, 454 Spacing of Holes In Steel tables & memoranda 578 Special Signs traffic signs & bollards 394 Specialist Paint paint 80 Specification initial appraisal 7 Speed Conversions 549 Sports Pitches 522 Sprayed Or Brushed Waterproofing Aquaseal 433 RIW liquid asphaltic compound 433 Ventrot 433 Sprinkler Installation 477 Stabilisation sewer renovation 318 Staging scaffolding 87 Stainless Steel bar reinforcement 193, 427 tying wire 38 entrance screens 466 threaded rod 78 Stains varnish 80 woodstains 80 Staircases average unit costs 461 handrails 461 treads and riser finishings 461 Stairways steelwork 236 Standard Gauge Track rail track 279 Standard Signs internally illuminated 394 prime costs 392 reflectorised 393 Standby Generators 475 Steel access staircases 461

731

Index

angle constants (tables and memoranda) 576 angles 95 beam constants (tables and memoranda) 572 beams 94 bearing piles 411 bench seats 397 bollards 397 bracket arms for road lighting 399 channels 94 Steel cladding external walls 464 roof coverings 456 coach screws 243 coated corrugated culverts 279 column constants (tables and memoranda) 574 columns 94 columns for road lighting 399 culverts 56 external doors 465 flitch plates 242 forms 191 frames to internal doors 468 gates 338 hollow section 97, 578 internal walls 467 joists 94, 575 lifting traffic barrier 397 nails 90 parapets 436 partitions 467 pipes and fittings 93 pitched roofs 454 purlins 95 roof decking 455 section tables (tables and memoranda) 571 shear plate connections 242 sheet piles Frodingham section 65 Larssen section 65 spikes 256 straps 243 structural 94 support arches 287 timber connections 242 transport charges 96 trussed roofs 454 tubular piles 417 windows 465 Steelwork (Also Refer to Structural Metalwork)

732

Index

anchorages 234 beams 234, 429 blast cleaning 235 box girder main members 429 bracings 234 built-up girders 429 cladding rails 234 columns 234, 429 concrete encased beams 452 concrete encased columns 451 Durbar flooring 236 epoxy painting 235 for structures 429 frames 429 galvanising 235, 430 grit blasting 430 handrails 236 holding down bolts 234 landings 236 miscellaneous framing 236 open grid flooring 236 permanent erection 234 plate flooring 236 plate girder main members 429 portal frames 234 priming 235 protective coatings 430 protective coatings 81 purlins 234 rail track 278 rolled section main members 429 sand/shot blasting 431 site bolts 235 stairways 236 step irons in manholes 219 towers 429 trestles 429 trial erection 234 trusses 234, 429 Step Irons 76, 219, 351 Stone roof covering 458 external walls 464 splitters 137 Stonework ashlar, Portland Whitbed 298, 444 average unit costs 439 dry rubble 445 cobble paving 276, 391 granite setts 276, 391 reconstituted stone 443

733

Index

rubble walling 444 Stoppers site equipment 54 Storage Tanks plant costs 139 Street Furniture approximate estimates 519 bench seats 397 bollards 397 lifting traffic barrier 397 Stress Graded Softwood Components woodwork 239 Strip Foundations 449 Structural Concrete average unit costs 183 formwork 188 highway works—unit costs 333 in-situ work 183 post tensioned 195 precast concrete 199 prestressing 195 reinforcement 193 sundries 187 Structural Metalwork (Also Refer to Steelwork) average unit costs 234 basic material costs 94 steel section tables 571 Stud internal walls 466 partitions 466 Stud Tiles road markings 395 Studios 511 Sub-Bases concrete 268, 383 granular material 267, 383 hardcore 268, 383 pavements 268, 383 roads & paving 267, 383 wet mix macadam 268 Sub-Stations 511 Subgrades & Capping Layers filling 368 Submission of Tender outline of estimating & tender process 12 Subsistence Allowances all-in labour rates 35 labour costs 34

734

Index

735

working rule agreement 33 Subsoil drainage 107 soil 73 Substructure 449 Surface Treatments—Earthworks 170 Suitable Material Filling 367 Sulphate Resisting Cement 51 Sundries—Structural Concrete 187 Supalux Ceiling Finish 472 Superstructure 453 Support & Stabilisation tunnels 287 Supports drainage below ground 230 Supports & Protection drainage below ground 230 Surface Areas of Steelwork tables & memoranda 571 Surface Hardener Floor Finish 470 Surface Planing pavements 269, 386 Surfacing tables & memoranda 590 Surrounds to Manholes manholes—provision and placing of concrete 218, 351 Surveyors’ Fees professional fees 507 Suspended ceiling finishes 330, 472 slabs average unit costs 453 concrete waffle 455 manholes 351 placing of prestressed concrete 186 placing of reinforced concrete 186 provision and placing of concrete 423 Sweepers plant costs 115 Synthanite Floor Finish 470 Tables & Memoranda addresses for information 603 angles of repose 555 bearing capacities of soils 557 bricks & mortar per m2 of walls 565 brickwork & blockwork 565 brickwork quantities per m2 565

Index

bulkage of materials 554 concrete common mixes 559 concrete materials—weights 558 concrete work 559 construction materials—weights 553 conversion tables & factors 543 drain pipe constants 591 drain trench widths 591 drainage 591 earthwork support requirements 554 earthworks 554 excavated materials—weights 553 excavation 554 formulae 550 formwork stripping times 564 mortar mixes 565 paving & surfacing 589 paving spread rates 590 reinforcement constants 561 reinforcement per m3 of concrete 563 shrinkage of materials 554 spacing of holes in steel 578 spread rates paving materials 590 steel angle constants 576 steel beam constants 572 steel column constants 574 steel sections tables 571 steel surface areas 571 surfacing 589 tables—structural steel sections 571 transport capacities of vehicles 554 universal bearing pile constants useful addresses 603 useful formulae 550 weights of aggregates 559 weights of concrete materials 558 weights of construction materials 553 weights of excavated materials 553 weights of paving materials 589 weights of roofs 591 wire gauges 563 Tack Coat bituminous spray 386 Tangents, natural 600 Tanking asphalt 310 Tanks covered and uncovered 237 Telephone Buildings buildings 511

736

Index

ducting 479 installation 477 Temporary fencing 338 Temporary road signs 54 works 20, 29, 524 Tender Summary oncosts & profit 486 Tensar geotextiles 62 Tensioned Beam safety barriers 341 Terminal Blocks motorway communications 405 Terram geotextiles 62 Thermal Insulation Under Slabs 451 Thioflex joint fillers 67 Third Party Allowances all-in labour rates 35 Threaded Rod miscellaneous 78 Tile Floor and Wall Finishes 328, 471 Timber basic material prices 89 bench seats 397 boarding ceiling finish 473 boarding roof covering 457 chipboard flooring 453 conversion tables (tables and memoranda) crib walling 378 external doors 465 floor finishes 470 roofs 454 sleepers 278 staircases 461 stile 339 stud internal walls 466 partitions 466 tables and memoranda 568 windows 465 Time Related Charges consultant’s site requirements 27 contractor’s site oncosts 15, 24 employer’s site requirements 19, 27

737

Index

738

preliminaries & general items 13 Tippers plant costs 130 Tongued & Grooved Ceiling Finish 473 Tool Allowances all-in labour rates 35 working rule agreement 33 Topsoil preparation of filled surfaces 175 preparation of surfaces 170 soil 73, 372 treatment of filled surfaces 175 “Torch On” Felt Roof Covering 460 Towers steelwork 429 Tractors plant costs 127 Traffic Signs & Road Markings average unit costs 392 cones 54 electrical work 401 marker posts 396 Traffic Signs & Road Markings signs on gantries externally illuminated signs 394 internally illuminated signs 394 special signs 394 standard illuminated signs 394 standard reflectorised signs 393 standard signs 392 traffic signals 392 Transformers 136 Transport 130 Transport Capacities of Vehicles capacities of vehicles (tables and memoranda) 554 charges 96 comparative costs of equipment 166 Travelling Allowances all-in labour rates 35 labour costs 34, 35 working rule agreement 33 Tread Finishings To Stairs 461 Treatment compaction of fill 368 earthworks 170 excavated surfaces preparation 170 provision & placing of concrete 170

Index

trimming earth 170 trimming rock 170 trimming topsoil 170 filled surfaces earth 175 rock 175 topsoil 175 Treatment Tanks 512 Trees average unit costs 478 guards 181, 374 planting 181, 374 removal 160 stakes 181, 374 stump removal 160 supports 181, 374 Trench fill foundations 449 sheeting 132, 526 struts 526 Trenches & Cabling road lighting 401 Trestles steelwork 429 Trial Erection steelwork 234 Trial Holes ground investigation 148, 380 Triangles road markings 395 Trimming earth 170 edges of pavements 386 rock 170 topsoil 170 Trussed Roofs steel 455 timber 454 Trusses steelwork 234, 429 Tubular Guard Railing pedestrian guard railing 344 Tunnels average unit costs 284 excavation 284 in-situ concrete linings 285 preformed segmental linings 286 support and stabilisation 287

739

Index

Turf landscaping 73 laying imported turf 179 Tying Wire annealed 38 reinforcement 38 stainless steel 38 Tyrolean Finish Ceiling Finish 472 Ultrarib Pvc-U Pipes drainage below ground 215 Undercoat paint 80 Underpasses 519 Universal beams 94, 234, 429, bearing piles 66, columns 94, 234, 429, Untensioned Beam safety barriers 341 Updates approximate estimates 608 labour costs 605 materials prices 605 plant 606 unit costs 607 Useful Addresses tables & memoranda 603 Useful Formulae tables & memoranda 550 Utilization Factors plant costs 110 Value Added Tax oncosts & profit 485 Valves & Penstocks drainage below ground 216 Vapour Barrier 322, 456 Varnish polyurethane 307 stains 80 Vehicle Control Barriers 479 Vehicle Insurance preliminaries & general items 21 Ventilation Installation 475 Ventrot sprayed or brushed waterproofing 433

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Index

Verges to Roofs 458 Vermiculite Sprayed Decoration 473 Verynyl Strip Markings road markings 395 Vibroreplacement ground stabilisation 157 Vinyl sheet floor finish 471 tile floor finish 471 Visqueen geotextiles 62 Void Formers shuttering 92 Waffle—Suspended Concrete Slabs 455 Walkways 461 Walls common brickwork 288, 439 dense aggregate blockwork 296, 443 diaphragm 154, 420 dry stone 299, 445 engineering brickwork 292, 293, 440 external 439 facing brickwork 290, 441 finishes 469 formwork (outputs) 539 internal—average unit costs 466 lightweight aggregate blockwork 40, 295, 442 paper decoration 473 placing of mass concrete 185 placing of reinforced concrete 186 provision & placing of concrete 423 reconstituted stone 443 Warehouses 512 Waste Pipework 474 Water installation 475 main 479 stop tap boxes 360 supply 139 Waterproofing average unit costs 309, 432 basic material costs 81 pea gravel protective layer 312 polyethylene sheet 310, 385 polythene sheet 310 protection board 311 sand protective layer 312 screed 312

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Index

sprayed/brushed 312, 433 Waterstops basic material prices 67 concrete 194 movement joints 438 Wave Walls 512 WC Cubicles 468 Weedkiller 373 Welfare Facilities daywork 499 Weights of Materials aggregates 559 concrete materials 558 construction materials 553 excavated materials 553 paving materials 589 roofs 591 walls Weirs 512 Welding Sets 136 Wet Mix Macadam pavement sub-bases 267 road sub-bases 383 Widths of Drain Trenches tables & memoranda 591 Windows & External Doors 323, 465 Wire Gauges tables & memoranda 563 Wire Rope Safety Fence safety barriers 342 Wooden Post & Wire temporary fencing 338 Woodfibre Insulation Roof Covering 457 Woodstains stains 80 Woodwool Roof Decking average unit costs 455 roof coverings 457 ceiling finish 473 Woodwork average unit costs 238 bolts 240 greenheart components 238 hardwood boarding 240 softwood boarding 240 steel coach screws 243 steel flitch plates 242 steel shear plate connectors 242

742

Index

steel spikes 240 steel straps 242 steel timber connectors 242 stress graded softwood components 239 tables & memoranda Worked Examples consultant’s non-time related charges 27 consultant’s site oncosts 27 consultant’s time related charges 27 contractor’s non-time related charges 26 contractor’s site oncosts 24 contractor’s time related charges 24 employer’s non-time related charges 27 employer’s site oncosts 27 employer’s time related charges 27 example summary 29 general purpose plant 28 preliminaries & general items 24 temporary works 27 Working Hours labour costs 35 working rule agreement 33 Working Rule Agreement annual holiday with pay 33 basic rates of pay 33 benefits scheme 33 bonus payments 33 labour costs 33 plus rates for conditions 33 plus rates for skill 33 subsistence allowances 33 tool allowances 33 travelling allowances 33 working hours 33 Wrought Finish Formwork 454, 464 Yard Gullies clay 227, 359 gullies 50 York Stone Paving 478 Zinc Phosphate Primer 473 Zinc Threaded Rod 78

743

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CD-Rom Single-User Licence Agreement We welcome you as a user of this Spon Press CD-ROM and hope that you find it a useful and valuable tool. Please read this document carefully. This is a legal agreement between you (hereinafter referred to as the “Licensee”) and Taylor and Francis Books Ltd., under the imprint of Spon Press (the “Publisher”), which defines the terms under which you may use the Product. By breaking the seal and opening the package containing the CD-ROM you agree to these terms and conditions outlined herein. If you do not agree to these terms you must return the Product to your supplier intact, with the seal on the CD case unbroken. 1. Definition of the Product The product which is the subject of this Agreement, Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book on CD-ROM (the “Product”) consists of: 1.1 Underlying data comprised in the product (the “Data”) 1.2 A compilation of the Data (the “Database”) 1.3 Software (the “Software”) for accessing and using the Database 1.4 A CD-ROM disk (the “CD-ROM”) 2. Commencement and Licence 2.1 This Agreement commences upon the breaking open of the package containing the CD-ROM by the Licensee (the “Commencement Date”). 2.2 This is a licence agreement (the “Agreement”) for the use of the Product by the Licensee, and not an agreement for sale. 2.3 The Publisher licenses the Licensee on a non-exclusive and non-transferable basis to use the Product on condition that the Licensee complies with this Agreement. The Licensee acknowledges that it is only permitted to use the Product in accordance with this Agreement. 3. Installation and Use 3.1 The Licensee may provide access to the Product for individual study in the following manner: The Licensee may install the Product on a secure local area network on a single site for use by one user. For more than one user or for a wide area network or consortium, use is only permissible with the express permission of the Publisher in writing and requires the payment of the appropriate fee as specified by the Publisher, and signature by the Licensee of a separate multi-user licence agreement. 3.2 The Licensee shall be responsible for installing the Product and for the effectiveness of such installation. 3.3 Text from the Product may be incorporated in a coursepack. Such use is only permissible with the express permission of the Publisher in writing and requires the payment of the appropriate fee as specified by the Publisher and signature of a separate licence agreement. 4. Permitted Activities 4.1 The Licensee shall be entitled: 4.1.1 to use the Product for its own internal purposes; 4.1.2 to download onto electronic, magnetic, optical or similar storage medium reasonable portions of the Database provided that the purpose of the Licensee is to undertake internal research or study and provided that such storage is temporary; 4.1.3 to make a copy of the Database and/or the Software for back-up/archival/disaster recovery purposes. 4.2 The Licensee acknowledges that its rights to use the Product are strictly as set out in this Agreement, and all other uses (whether expressly mentioned in Clause 5 below or not) are

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prohibited. 5. Prohibited Activities The following are prohibited without the express permission of the Publisher: 5.1 The commercial exploitation of any part of the Product. 5.2 The rental, loan (free or for money or money’s worth) or hire purchase of the product, save with the express consent of the Publisher. 5.3 Any activity which raises the reasonable prospect of impeding the Publisher’s ability or opportunities to market the Product. 5.4 Any networking, physical or electronic distribution or dissemination of the product save as expressly permitted by this Agreement. 5.5 Any reverse engineering, decompilation, disassembly or other alteration of the Product save in accordance with applicable national laws. 5.6 The right to create any derivative product or service from the Product save as expressly provided for in this Agreement. 5.7 Any alteration, amendment, modification or deletion from the Product, whether for the purposes of error correction or otherwise. 6. General Responsibilities of the Licensee 6.1 The Licensee will take all reasonable steps to ensure that the Product is used in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. 6.2 The Licensee acknowledges that damages may not be a sufficient remedy for the Publisher in the event of breach of this Agreement by the Licensee, and that an injunction may be appropriate. 6.3 The Licensee undertakes to keep the Product safe and to use its best endeavours to ensure that the product does not fall into the hands of third parties, whether as a result of theft or otherwise. 6.4 Where information of a confidential nature relating to the product or the business affairs of the Publisher comes into the possession of the Licensee pursuant to this Agreement (or otherwise), the Licensee agrees to use such information solely for the purposes of this Agreement, and under no circumstances to disclose any element of the information to any third party save strictly as permitted under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensee’s obligations under this sub-clause 6.4 shall survive termination of this Agreement. 7. Warrant and Liability 7.1 The Publisher warrants that it has the authority to enter into this Agreement, and that it has secured all rights and permissions necessary to enable the Licensee to use the Product in accordance with this Agreement. 7.2 The Publisher warrants that the CD-ROM as supplied on the Commencement Date shall be free of defects in materials and workmanship, and undertakes to replace any defective CD-ROM within 28 days of notice of such defect being received provided such notice is received within 30 days of such supply. As an alternative to replacement, the Publisher agrees fully to refund the Licensee in such circumstances, if the Licensee so requests, provided that the Licensee returns the Product to the Publisher. The provisions of this sub-clause 7.2 do not apply where the defect results from an accident or from misuse of the product by the Licensee. 7.3 Sub-clause 7.2 sets out the sole and exclusive remedy of the Licensee in relation to defects in the CD-ROM.

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7.4 The Publisher and the Licensee acknowledge that the Publisher supplies the Product on an “as is” basis. The Publisher gives no warranties: 7.4.1 that the Product satisfies the individual requirements of the Licensee; or 7.4.2 that the Product is otherwise fit for the Licensee’s purpose; or 7.4.3 that the Data are accurate or complete or free of errors or omissions; or 7.4.4 that the Product is compatible with the Licensee’s hardware equipment and software operating environment. 7.5 The Publisher hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions, express or implied, which are not stated above. 7.6 Nothing in this Clause 7 limits the Publisher’s liability to the Licensee in the event of death or personal injury resulting from the Publisher’s negligence. 7.7 The Publisher hereby excludes liability for loss of revenue, reputation, business, profits, or for indirect or consequential losses, irrespective of whether the Publisher was advised by the Licensee of the potential of such losses. 7.8 The Licensee acknowledges the merit of independently verifying Data prior to taking any decisions of material significance (commercial or otherwise) based on such data. It is agreed that the Publisher shall not be liable for any losses which result from the Licensee placing reliance on the Data or on the Database, under any circumstances. 7.9 Subject to sub-clause 7.6 above, the Publisher’s liability under this Agreement shall be limited to the purchase price. 8. intellectual Property Rights 8.1 Nothing in this Agreement affects the ownership of copyright or other intellectual property rights in the Data, the Database or the Software. 8.2 The Licensee agrees to display the Publisher’s copyright notice in the manner described in the Product. 8.3 The Licensee hereby agrees to abide by copyright and similar notice requirements required by the Publisher, details of which are as follows: “© 2001 Spon Press. All rights reserved. All materials in Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book on CD-ROM are copyright protected. © 2000 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. No such materials may be used, displayed, modified, adapted, distributed, transmitted, transferred, published or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means now or hereafter developed other than strictly in accordance with the terms of the licence agreement enclosed with the CD-ROM. However, text and images may be printed and copied for research and private study within the preset program limitations. Please note the copyright notice above, and that any text or images printed or copied must credit the source.” 8.4 This Product contains material proprietary to and copyrighted by the Publisher and others. Except for the licence granted herein, all rights, title and interest in the Product, in all languages, formats and media through out the world, including all copyrights therein, are and remain the property of the Publisher or other copyright owners identified in the Product. 9. Non-assignment This Agreement and the licence contained within it may not be assigned to any other person or entity without the written consent of the Publisher. 10. Termination and Consequences of Termination 10.1 The Publisher shall have the right to terminate this Agreement if: 10.1.1 the Licensee is in material breach of this Agreement and fails to remedy such breach (where capable of remedy) within 14 days of a written notice from the Publisher requiring it to do so; or

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10.1.2 the Licensee becomes insolvent, becomes subject to receivership, liquidation or similar external administration; or 10.1.3 the Licensee ceases to operate in business. 10.2 The Licensee shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason upon two months’ written notice. The Licensee shall not be entitled to any refund for payments made under this Agreement prior to termination under this sub-clause 10.2. 10.3 Termination by either of the parties is without prejudice to any other rights or remedies under the general law to which they may be entitled, or which survive such termination (including rights of the Publisher under subclause 6.4 above). 10.4 Upon termination of this Agreement, or expiry of its terms, the Licensee must: 10.4.1 destroy all back up copies of the product; and 10.4.2 return the Product to the Publisher. 11. General 11.1 Compliance with export provisions The Publisher hereby agrees to comply fully with all relevant export laws and regulations of the United Kingdom to ensure that the Product is not exported, directly or indirectly, in violation of English law. 11.2 Force majeure The parties accept no responsibility for breaches of this Agreement occurring as a result of circumstances beyond their control. 11.3 No waiver Any failure or delay by either party to exercise or enforce any right conferred by this Agreement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of such right. 11.4 Entire agreement This Agreement represents the entire agreement between the Publisher and the Licensee concerning the Product. The terms of this Agreement supersede all prior purchase orders, written terms and conditions, written or verbal representations, advertising or statements relating in any way to the Product. 11.5 Severability If any provision of this Agreement is found to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of law of competent jurisdiction, such a finding shall not affect the other provisions of this Agreement and all provisions of this Agreement unaffected by such a finding shall remain in full force and effect. 11.6 Variations This Agreement may only be varied in writing by means of variation signed in writing by both parties. 11.7 Notices All notices to be delivered to: Spon Press, an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE, UK. 11.8 Governing law This Agreement is governed by English law and the parties hereby agree that any dispute arising under this Agreement shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the English courts.

If you have any queries about the terms of this licence, please contact: Spon’s Price Books Spon Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Books Ltd. 11 New Fetter Lane

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London EC4P 4EE United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7583 9855 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7842 2298 http://www.sponpress.com/

CD-Rom Installation Instructions System requirements Minimum • 66 MhZ processor • 12 MB of RAM • 10 MB available hard disk space • Quad speed CD-ROM drive • Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000/NT • VGA or SVGA monitor (256 colours) • Mouse Recommended • 133 MhZ (or better) processor • 16 MB of RAM • 10 MB available hard disk space or more • 12x speed CD-ROM drive • Microsoft Windows 95/98/2000/NT • SVGA monitor (256 colours) or better • Mouse Microsoft ® is a registered trademark and Windows™ is a trademark of the Microsoft Corporation. Installation How to install Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001 CDROM Windows 95/98/2000/NT Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001 CD-ROM should run automatically when inserted into the CD-ROM drive. If it fails to run, follow the instructions below. • Click the Start button and choose Run.

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• Click the Browse button. • Select your CD-ROM drive. • Select the Setup file [setup.exe] then click Open. • Click the OK button. • Follow the instructions on screen. • The installation process will create a folder containing an icon for Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book CD-ROM and also an icon on your desktop. How to run the Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book CD-ROM • Double click the icon (from the folder or desktop) installed by the Setup program. • Follow the instructions on screen. © COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED All materials in Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001 CDROM are copyright protected. No such materials may be used, displayed, modified, adapted, distributed, transmitted, transferred, published or otherwise reproduced in any form or by any means now or hereafter developed other than strictly in accordance with the terms of the above licence agreement. The software used in Spon’s Civil Engineering and Highway Works Price Book 2001 CD-ROM is furnished under a licence agreement. The software may be used only in accordance with the terms of the licence agreement.