Selenium in Nutrition: Revised Edition

About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution.

i

Selenium in Nutrition REVISED EDITION

Subcommittee on Selenium Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1983

About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution.

ii NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. This study was supported by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; by the Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; by Agriculture Canada; and by the American Feed Manufacturers Association. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data National Research Council (U.S.) Subcommittee on Selenium. Selenium in nutrition. Bibliography: p. 1. Selenium in human nutrition. 2. Selenium in animal nutrition. I. Title. [DNLM: 1. Selenium —Metabolism. 2. Selenium—Toxicity. 3. Animal nutrition. QU 130 S467] QP535.S5N37 1983 612′.3924 83-8022 ISBN 0-309-03375-6 Available from NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20418 Printed in the United States of America

About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution.

PREFACE

iii

Preface

Early interest in selenium by nutritionists concerned its high concentration in certain range plants and the consequent toxicosis in animals that grazed those plants. More recently, the essential nature of selenium has become the center of attention, and this element is now known to be required by laboratory animals, food animals (including fish), and humans. Its role as an integral feature of glutathione peroxidase has been established, and other possible functions are under active investigation. This report reviews current knowledge concerning selenium in nutrition, including chemistry, distribution, metabolism, biochemical functions, deficiency signs, and effects of excess intake. For further background, the reader may wish to refer to the earlier reports of the National Research Council: Selenium in Nutrition (1971), Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Selenium (1976), and Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals (1980). The subcommittee is indebted to Philip Ross and Selma P. Baron of the Board on Agriculture for their assistance in the production of this report and to the members of the Committee on Animal Nutrition for their valuable suggestions and reviews. Thanks are due Roger Sunde who was of special assistance to the subcommittee. Our thanks are also extended to Clarence B. Ammerman, Howard E. Ganther, Lonnie W. Luther, Walter Mertz, and James E. Oldfield for their constructive suggestions, and to Oscar E. Olson who reviewed the report for the Board on Agriculture.

About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution.

iv

SUBCOMMITTEE ON SELENIUM DUANE E. ULLREY, (Chairman), Michigan State University GERALD F. COMBS, JR., Cornell University HARRY RUSSELL CONRAD, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center WILLIAM G. HOEKSTRA, University of Wisconsin KENNETH J. W. JENKINS, Canada Department of Agriculture ORVILLE A. LEVANDER, U.S. Department of Agriculture, ARS PHILIP D. WHANGER, Oregon State University COMMITTEE ON ANIMAL NUTRITION DUANE E. ULLREY, (Chairman), Michigan State University JIMMY H. CLARK, University of Illinois RICHARD D. GOODRICH, University of Minnesota NEAL A. JORGENSEN, University of Wisconsin-Madison BERYL E. MARCH, University of British Columbia GEORGE E. MITCHELL, JR., University of Kentucky JAMES G. MORRIS, University of California-Davis WILSON G. POND, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center ROBERT R. SMITH, Tunison Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, USDI SELMA P. BARON, Staff Officer BOARD ON AGRICULTURE WILLIAM L. BROWN, (CHAIRMAN), Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. LAWRENCE BOGORAD, Harvard University NEVILLE P. CLARKE, Texas A&M University ERIC L. ELLWOOD, North Carolina State University ROBERT G. GAST, University of Nebraska EDWARD H. GLASS, Cornell University RALPH W. F. HARDY, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. LAURENCE R. JAHN, Wildlife Management Institute ROGER L. MITCHELL, University of Missouri JOHN A. PINO, Rockefeller Foundation VERNON W. RUTTAN, University of Minnesota CHAMP B. TANNER, University of Wisconsin VIRGINIA WALBOT, Stanford University PHILIP ROSS, Executive Director

;?@?ABC@DEF@GBHIJ@KABC@LIM@NBOB?PH@QIRQICIL?P?B=L@=G@?AI@=QBOBLPH@M=QS@APC@;KLD;:L9D;:8;:T;:UCD>T;KGI;8:D::=GJX>MDO=B=O;B8LPK::=GJT;8PD;:UM8JLKM;PKU;DL:DIV;?CDK>D;9>D;:=8G;8B;:;M97C=OK:=8G;K>;: