Prepositions (Front Line English Grammar Series)

F R O N T

L I N E

G R A M M A R

E N G L I S H S E R I E S

Paul Seligson

PREPOSITIONS Written by - Escrito por: Paul Seligson Translated by - Traducido por: Eduardo Rosset Published by - Editado por: Editorial Stanley Design - Diseno: Angela Gomez Layout - Maquetacion: MIZAR PUBLICIDAD, S.C. Design front page - Diseno portada: DISENO IRUNES

© 1998 Paul Seligson © 2003 Editorial Stanley Apdo. 207-20300IRUN-SPAIN Telf. 943 64 04 12-Fax 943 643863 [email protected] www.gentedellibro.com

ISBN: 84-7873-369-8 Dep. Leg.: BI-1269-03 Primera edition 2003 Printed at - Imprime: Imprenta Berekintza

CONTENTS Introduction Test yourself PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR 1. Prepositions of place (1): in/at/on Exercises 2. Prepositions of place (2): in/at Exercises 3. Prepositions of place (3): in/on Exercises 4. Other prepositions of place Exercises PREPOSICIONES DE MOVIMIENTO 5. Prepositions of movement (1): to Exercises 6. Prepositions of movement (2): from/to/towards/away from; in/into; on/onto; off/out of Exercises 7. Other prepositions of movement Exercises PREPOSICIONES DE TIEMPO 8. Prepositions of time (1): at/in/on Exercises 9. Prepositions of time (2): for/since; ago; during/in; while Exercises 10. Other prepositions of time Exercises 11. Other uses of: in/at/on Exercises 12. Means of transport Exercises OTRAS PREPOSICIONES IMPORTANTES 13. Other important prepositions (1): by; with Exercises 14. Other important prepositions (2): to; for Exercises 15. Other important prepositions (3): of; as; like Exercises Test yourself Summary Answers Index

1 3 5 6 8 9 10 11 13 16 18 19 20 21 23 25 26 29 31 32 34 36 39 41 44 45 46 47 49 50 52 53 54 56 67 74

PROLOGUE This book systematically presents all the main English prepositions.

Este libro presenta, de forma sistematica, las principales preposiciones en ingles.

What the book consists of:

En que consiste este libro:

An introductory "Test yourself section. 15 Units which logically present more than 50 English prepositions, organized according to how they are used to indicate time, place, movement, etc. * A second "test yourself section. A summary of the main uses of the prepositions explained and practised in the units of the book. This summary includes indispensible cross-referencing back to the main units. * - Full answers to all exercises. An index of all the prepositions showing where they are explained and practised in the units and the summary of the book.

Key features of the book: Clear, concise grammar explanations and rules in Spanish which take into account your very individual problems. More than 400 simple, real and reliable example sentences and useful phrases in English/Spanish. More than 60 all-english exercises.

Who is the book for? The book is designed for intermediate students of english, who are working by themselves or in a school or language institution. Students above and below intermediate level will also gain much indispensible knowledge about prepositions from this book.

Una seccion introductoria de autoevaluacion. 15 unidades que presentande forma logica mas de 50 preposiciones en ingles, organizadas en cuanto a su uso para indicar tiempo, lugar, movimiento, etc. Una segunda seccion de autoevaluacion. Un resumen de los principales usos de las preposiciones explicadas y practicadas en las lecciones del libro. En este resumen se incluyen referencias a las lecciones principales. Solucionario de los ejercicios. Un indice de todas las preposiciones, mostrando donde se explican y practican, tanto en las lecciones como en el sumario del libro.

Principales caracteristicas del libro: Explicaciones y reglas gramaticales claras y concisas en espanol que tienen en cuenta su problematica individual. Mas de 400 frases de ejemplos reales, asi como frases utiles bilingues, ingles/espanol. Mas de 60 ejercicios, todos en ingles.

Para quien es este libro? El libro esta disenado para estudiantes de ingles, que estudien de forma autodidacta o que asistan a clases en una academia o instituto. Los estudiantes que tengan un nivel por encima y por debajo del nivel medio, obtendran de este libro, unos conocimientos indispensables sobre las preposiciones.

INTRODUCTION £ Que son las preposiciones? Las preposiciones indican posicion, pasaje, movimiento, tiempo, etc. Ejemplo: in prison, up the hill, to the bank, from here to there, at night, in the afternoon. A menudo se usan delante de un sustantivo o una frase sustantivada (el objeto preposicional). Si un pronombre sigue a una preposicion, debe ser el pronombre objeto (me, you, him, etc.): Los verbos que van detras de preposiciones deben tener la forma -ing:

Si esta claro el contexto de lo que se esta hablando, se pueden usar algunas preposiclones como adverbios (ejemplo: by themselves), por ejemplo: above, away, behind, below, in front, on top, opposite, underneath:

He lives near me. El vive cerca de mi. I was walking behind him. Yo estaba andando detrds de el.

Before going out he put on his shoes. ^ntes de salir se puso sus zapatos. It's a machine for counting money. Es una mdquinapara contar dinero. Mary lives in the flat below me and

Mike lives in the one «fova Mary vive en dpiso debajo del mfo y Mike vive en et de arriba

Posicion de las preposiciones Generalmente, las preposiciones de lugar se ponen antes que las de tiempo:

We went to the beach in the afternoon. Fuimos a la play a por la tarde.

Pero la oration de tiempo puede ir antes, a fin de dar enfasis, seguida por una /„ the afternoon, we went to the beach. coma: Las preposiciones, a menudo, se colocan al final. • Depreguntas: Who did you go out with? (No with who...) (Vease Ejercicio 1, iCon Wien saliste? pagina3) What did he buy a car /or? (No for what...) l?ara que se compro el coche? • Oraciones de relative, el verbo + preposicion. Las combinaciones permanecen juntas: (Ve se Eiercicio 2 | . ^ '

?e's tne man w^° *was ta^*n8 to' (No. . . to who I was talking.) es ^ ^om^re a en °es^a hablando. . That's the glass which I was drinking out o/ (No ... out of which. . .) Ese es el vaso del que estaba bebiendo.

De to + infmitivo con frases adverbiales como be hard/easy to. It's hard to find the right person to live with. (No with who to) Es dificil encontrar la persona adecuada con la que vivir. At first, chopsticks aren't easy to eat with. (No with which to eat) Alprincipio, comer conpalillos no esfdcil.

(Vease Ejercicio 3, pagina 3).

Sobre este libro Este libro se concentra en el significado de todas las preposiciones principals. A menudo, otras preposiciones son parecidas en cuanto al sentido. Ej.: next to/near; over/ above. 0 hay confusion entre ciertas preposiciones. Ej.: for/since/during. Muy a menudo las preposiciones inglesas tienen diversos significados. For ejemplo, fijese en by en estas frases: On planes, I like sitting by the window, (position) En los aviones me gusta sentarme junto a la ventana. I like travelling by plane, (medio de transporte) Me gusta viajar en avion. We have to be at the airport by 6.30 tomorrow, (hora) Tenemos que estar en el aeropuerto para las 6:30 manana. El libro no trata directamente con verbos o adjetivos seguidos de preposiciones. No hay reglas precisas que rijan estas. Es mejor aprenderlas individualmente como proverbios.

iCual es la manera mas eficaz de usar este libro? Se puede usar el libro como referencia. En cuyo caso, use el contenido de la pagina y el indice de la pagina 76 para encontrar las secciones relevantes. Si no, trabaje con las secciones de autoevaluacion en las paginas 3-4 y despues, compruebe sus respuestas. Lea las explicaciones en las unidades principales y haga los ejercicios en las paginas siguientes. Los ejercicios estan relacionados con las explicaciones. Fijese en el sumario para tener una vision completa del significado de las preposiciones individuates. Autoevaluese de nuevo con los ejercicios de la section de autoevaluacion final en las paginas 54-55.

Una breve nota sobre la pronunciation de las preposiciones Las preposiciones siguientes tienen tanto la forma fuerte como la debil. FORMA DEBIL FORMA FUERTE

as at for

/9Z/ /at/ /fa/

/aez/ /act/ /hi/

from into

/from/ /inta/

/from/ /intu:/

of to

/9v/ /ts/

/ av/ /tu:/

Las preposiciones generalmente no se acentuan en el ingles hablado, lo que hace que las formas debiles scan dificiles de oir. Desgraciadamente, estas formas debiles son de uso mucho mas frecuente, asi que trate de aprenderlas y usarlas.

TEST YOURSELF EXERCISE 1 Complete las preguntas con la preposicion correcta de la casilla. about

with

1. - Who are you writing - My mother. 2. - Who did he have lunch - His boss. 3. - Where does she come - Cartagena, in Colombia. 4. - What is he standing -A stool. 5. - What are you reading - Dinosaurs. 6. - What are you waiting -A number 38 bus. 7. - What are you looking -A pair of binoculars.

to

on

through

from

for „

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

EXERCISE 2 Cambie las frases. Por ejemplo: He goes to college with those girls. Those are the girls he goes to college with.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

He works in that factory. She goes out with that boy. I left my keys on that table. The ball rolled down that hole. They went through that door.

EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases con las oraciones nominales de la casilla. Ice Wooden chairs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8

New shoes Small cars

A kitten A hot bath

aren't comfortable to sit on without a cushion. can sometimes be hard to talk to. is usually fun to play with. are often uncomfortable to walk in. is lovely to relax in. are difficult for tall people to sit in. is dangerous to drive on. are fun for children to slide down.

Parents Banisters

"EXERCISE 4 Elija las preposiciones correctas para completar las frases. 1. The ball rolled . the hill. A along B over c down 2. The ball rolled. the cliff. A along B over c down 3. He threw the ball the boy. A to B towards c at 4. He threw the ball the boy. A to B towards c at

< Ja)

5. The highjumper is jumping the bar. A below B under c over D above 6. The limbo dancer is 'dancing' the bar. A below B under c over D above

7. It's a book Graham Greene. A of B by c for 8. It's a book jokes. A of B by c for 9. There's blood his shirt. A in B on c through 10. There's a hole his shirt. A in B on c through 11. He's going to work A on B in c by 12. She's going to college father's car. A on B in c by

her

car.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (1):IN-AT- ON In La preposicion in se usa para indicar la posicion en relacion con los espacios defmidos espacios con 'limites' (lados, bordes, etc.) tales como un pais, una ciudad, edificio, habitation, caja, etc.: Russia is the biggest country in the world. (No of the world) Rusia es el pais mas grande del mundo. There's somebody in the bathroom. Hay alguien en el bano. (In tambien indica movimiento. Vease 6.2 pagina 20).

At • La preposicion at se usa cuando nos referimos a edificios, instituciones publicas y otros lugares, sobre todo cuando los consideramos en terminos a su funcion. Ejemplo: una escuela, un teatro, una parada de autobus, una estacion de tren: He's waiting at the bus stop. El estd esperando en la parada del autobus. There's somebody at the door. Hay alguien en lapuerta. • (At solo indica posicion (no movimiento). Para indicar movimiento se usa to. Vease la unidad 5).

n La preposicion on indica posicion en relacion a superficies. El significado usual de on es 'en contacto con (una superflcie)'. Ejemplo: el suelo, una pared, el techo, una estanteria, etc.: He's sitting on a towel on the beach. El estd sentado en una toalla en la play a. There's blood on your shirt. Hay sangre en tu camisa. (On tambien indica movimiento. Vease 6.2 pagina 20).

Expresiones que se usan sin articulo Se usa in y at sin 'the' en las siguientes expresiones: at

home/work school/university/college sea

in

bed hospital prison/jail

My son's at school, my wife's at home and I'm at work. Mi hijo estd en el colegio, mi esposa esta en casa y yo estoy en el trabajo. Yesterday Jack was ill. He stayed in bed all day. (No the bed) Ayer Jack estaba enfermo. Se quedo en la cama todo el dia.

EXERCISE \ A Mire los dibujos. Complete las frases.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

There are some lovely apples on the trees in the garden. The pirate's got a parrot his shoulder. The cyclist is waiting the traffic lights. They live a small house a village called Dingle. There's only a little water the jug the shelf the cupboard. In England I bought a cup with a picture of the Queen it. Who's that strange man standing the bar? Sicily which is Italy is the largest island the Mediterranean.

B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Mire los dibujos de nuevo. Responda a las preguntas oralmente. Where are the apples? 'On the trees in the garden.' Where's the parrot? Where's the cyclist? Where do they live? Where exactly is the water? Where's the picture? Where's the man? Where's Sicily?

A ^Donde estaba Tony? Escriba una frase por cada dibujo. Use las palabras que hay en la casilla.

bed hospital

university prison

home work

1 He was at home.

B Mire solamente los dibujos. Haga el ejercicio otra vez oralmente. 'In picture number 1 he's at home.'

garden shower

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (2): IN-AT Se usa in para carreteras/calles y 'mitad o medio'. Se usa at para direcI live in Green Street. ciones y para el prinVivo en la calk Green. cipio y final de una I live at the end of the street at number 24. calle. Esto incluye diVivo al final de la calle en el numero 24. recciones de e-mail. They live in the middle of New Road, at number 17. En ingles @ = at: Ellos viven en la mitad de la calle Nueva, en el numero 17. Se usa on para los pisos de un edificio, lados (izquierda y derecha): Para muchos edificios se puede usar in o at:

I live on the ground floor on the right. Vivo en la planta baja a la derecha. My flat's on second floor on the left. Mi piso esta en el segundo piso a la izquierda. I bought these sweets at/in a supermarket. Compre estos caramelos en un supermercado.

Se usa in (no at) cuando se esta refiriendo especificamente al interior de un edificio:

It's very smoky in that club. (in = inside) Hay mucho humo en ese club.

• Sin embargo, se usa at cuando se esta pensando en la funcion o proposito de los lugares. Por ejemplo: Acontecimientos organizados. Ejemplo: reuniones, encuenI saw your husband at the basketball game. tros deportivos, conciertos, pe- Vi a tu marido en el partido de baloncesto. liculas, etc.: Lugares para acontecimienWhat's on at the cinema? tos organizados o transporte. ?Que echan en el cine? Ejemplo: estadios, cines, There are lots of shops at Heathrow Airport. aeropuertos, estaciones, etc.: Hay muchas tiendas en el aeropuerto de Heathrow. Las casas de la gente y lugares que ofrecen servicios: I first met my husband at Maggie's house. Conoci a mi esposo en la casa de Maggie. I always meet someone I know at the doctor's. Siempre me encuentro con alguien que conozco en la consulta del medico.

Tambien se usa at oara dar direc_•„_„. vlv/llvO.

e

e su ermar et

P ^ - ( cuando llegas a su altura) Giro a la izquierda en el supermercado.

EXERCISE 1 Marque (/) las frases correctas. Corrija las frases que estan mal. 1. Have you ever had a holiday eft a caravan? 2. There's an old caravan parked at the end of our street. 3. The British Prime Minister lives in 10 Downing Street. 4. Sherlock Holmes lived somewhere on Baker Street. 5. Were you at the football team yesterday or didn't you play? 6. Were you at the football match yesterday, or didn't you go? 7. My brother's a sailor. He's been on sea for three months. 8. Look at those children swimming on the sea. They're having fun! 9. She studies in Harvard University. 10. She left her glasses in home. 11. She left her glasses in her jacket pocket. 12. My friend lives at the middle of Exeter Street. 13. My teacher lives at the end of Third Avenue. 14. Turn left at the bank and the chemist is at the end of the road. _ £xgRCjSE 2 Complete cada frase con at, in o on. She lives... I. in Europe. 2 Dublin. 3. the city centre. 4 Bell Street. 5 the middle of Bell Street. 6 45 Bell Street. EXERCISE 3 the dentist's the airport the Hard Rock Cafe 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II. 12.

In /.

He lives... 7 the beginning of New Road. 8 number 96. 9 an old flat. 10 the fourth floor. 11 the end of the corridor. 12. ... the left.

Complete las frases. Use at y uno de los lugares de la casill platform 5 work his house

the barber's the cinema the White House

My father always asks for a shave at the barber's. Yesterday night we saw an awful film If you tell me the time of your flight, I'll meet you The train now standing is the 5.30 for Newcastle. You can buy tickets for the play in the theatre. We've done the shopping. Let's have lunch Paul's got satellite TV. Let's watch the game I hate hearing the sound of the drill when I'm waiting Don't keep phoning me My boss is complaining. My wife and I met when we were both studying I watched the Queen arrive The President gave a speech on the lawn

university the box office Buckingham Palace

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (3): IN -ON • Se usa in para grupos e hileras de gente; cuadros, espejos, libros, cartas, textos:

We never sat in groups in class, always in rows. Nunca nos sentdbamos en grupos en clase, siempre enfllas. There were too many people in the queue. Habia demasiada gente en la cola. I look awful in my passport photo. Tengo un aspecto horrible en lafoto del pasaporte. Stop looking at yourself in the mirror. Deja de mirarte en el espejo, Did you read about it in a magazine or in the newspaper? jLeiste acerca de elk en una revista o en elperiodico? • Se usa on para mapas, menus, listas y paginas: I can't find this place on the map. We're lost. No encuentro este sitio en el mapa. Estamos perdidos. What's on the menu today? iQue hay en el menu hoy? The answers are on page 3. Las respuestas estdn en lapdgina 3. • Se usa in para formas de escritura/expresandose uno mismo, y 'en lenguaje', pero se usa on para 'sobre el papel' y en medios electronicos (TV, radio, ordenador, etc.). in

mk/pensil capital letter/bold/italic Polish/Lithuanian/French

coloured paper on a word processor/the radio cassette/CD/video

The road signs were in Swahili, so we didn't understand anything. Los letreros en la carretera estaban en Swahili, asi que no entendimos nada. I heard about the accident on the radio. Oi sobre el accidente en la radio. Tambien se usa on + numeros de telefono y extensiones: Call me at work. I'm on extension 2387. Lldmame al trabajo. Estoy en la extension 2387.

Se usa on con el significado de 'da a' con palabras tales como coast (costa), river (rio), lake (lago), estate (finca), farm (granja), etc.: Marseilles is on the south coast of France. Marsella estd en la costa sur de Francia. (pero note que: Marseilles is in the south of France.) Marsella estd en el sur de Francia. • Notese tambien el uso de on para significar 'un punto en un viaje': We stopped in a pub for a drink on the way home. Paramos en un pub para tomar algo, de regreso a casa.

EXERCISE 1 A Complete las frases con on o in. 1 his plays and poems, Shakespeare used 33,000 different words. 2. Carl was the tallest player our school basketball team. 3 this book, the Summary starts page forty-eight. 4. What's the menu today? 5. The treasure was marked the map with a big black cross. 6. Polly didn't look very happy her wedding photos. 7. There's a cartoon of Madonna today's paper. It's page three. 8. Van Gogh used fantastic colours his paintings. 9. Stop looking the mirror. You'll break it! 10. There's only one man our English class. The rest are all women. B ;,Que cuatro frases en A muestran estos dibujos?

EXERCISE 2 Complete cada frase con on o in. 1 2 3 4 5

Please write your essay... ink. one side of the paper only. capital letters. English. a typewriter.

6 7

I heard their song... the radio. TV.

8 9

For more details, please contact us 01273 566396. extension 494.

""""* EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases. Use on o in y una de las palabras de la casilla. photos 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

map

queues

River

floor

cover

farm

Lady Diana's photo always used to be the front of magazines. Photogenic people always look good At most hotels, the reception area is the ground I love cities. I could never live a in the country. I hate waiting ...._ at supermarket checkouts. I'm lost. Can you show me where we are this ? New York is the east of the USA. London is both sides of the Thames.

coast

OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

On; on top of • Se usa on top of para alturas o enfasis (si no, se usa on): Put your skis on top 0/the car, not in it. (o bien on the car) Pon tus esquis en la baca del coche, no dentro. The knives and forks are on the table. (No on top of) Los cuchillos y los tenedores estdn en la mesa.

Inside/outside Inside se usa solamente para dar enfasis (lo demas, se usa in). Lo opuesto es outside (pero no out): You can't wear shoes inside a mosque. No se puede llevar zapatos dentro de una mezquita.

Over/under; above/below • Over y above a menudo se pueden intercambiar, son como under y below. Over y under son mas corrientes: There's a cupboard over/above the sink. Hay un armario encima delfregadero. The sink's under/below the cupboard. Elfregadero estd debajo del armario., • Over a menudo significa 'justo encima': They're building a new bridge over the river. (No above) ; Estdn construyendo un puente nuevo sobre el rio. • Y over puede tener el sentido de 'cubriendo':

He had a mask over his face. (No above) Tenia una mascara en la cara.

Underneath puede reemplazar , a under para poner enfasis en I could see his face underneath/under the mask. que un objeto esta cubierto o I Yo podia verle la cara debajo de la mascara. escondido por otro: >-

Above significa a menudo 'en un nivel mas alto'. Below es lo contrario, significa 'en un nivel mas bajo': They live in a village 1000 metres above sea level. (No over) Viven en un pueblo a mil metros sobre el nivel del mar. He lives in a flat two floors below his mother-in-law. (No under) Vive en unpiso dos plantas por debajo de su suegra.

Next to/beside/by; near • Next to/beside y by significan 'junto a': He lives in an old cottage by the sea. (= beside/next to) El vive en una vieja casita junto al mar. • Near significa 'no lejos de' (a menudo es cuestion de opiniones): I live near the sea - it's only half an hour away. Vivo cerca del mar - solo a media horn.

Opposite; in front of He sat opposite me on the train. Se sento enfrente de mi en el tren. He sat in front 0/me on the train. Se sento enfrente de mi en el tren.

Behind Behind significa 'in, at o to the back of. Beyond significa 'al otro lado de':

He's hiding behind the tree. Estd escondido detrds del drbol. The sea is beyond those mountains. El mar estd detrds de esas montanas.

Among Among (tambien amongst) significa 'rodeado por'. Between significa en el espacio que separa dos cosas:

My daughter feels shy when she's ai«0«g strangers. ^ hija se siente cohibida cuando estd entre extranos. The 9ueen sat ******the President and his wifeLa Reina se sento entre el Presidente y su esposa.

Against Against significa 'tocando y soportado por': The drunk was leaning against a lamp-post outside the pub. El borracho estaba apoyado contra unafarolafuera del pub.

In Se usa in cuando nos referimos a una position entre espacios confmados, tales como habitaciones, cuadros, fotos, etc.:

In the corner of the room. In the front row of the picture. In the middle of the photo. In the top right-hand corner of the photo.

Pero se usa on o at para posiciones en la esquina de una calle: There's a post box at/on the corner of the street. Hay un buzon de correos en la esquina de la calle. Fijese en in y at en lo siguiente: At the top of the picture. At the bottom of the picture.

On the left of the picture. On the right of the picture.

• Se usa in the front/back para los asientos de delante o atras de un coche o taxi. Se usa at the front/back para los lugares de delante o atras de teatros, cines o grupos de gente. Se usa on the front/back para la parte de delante o atras de objetos como pinturas, libros, sobres, papeles, etc.: I feel safer in the back of a car. I hate sitting in the front. Me siento mas seguro en la parte de atras de un coche. No me gusta nada sentarme delante. At concerts, we always sit at the back and never at the front. En los conciertos siempre nos sentamos en la parte de atras y nunca en la de delante. Please write your address on the back of the cheque. Sirvase escribir su direccion en la parte de atras del cheque.

XERCISE 1 (-,D6nde esta la gente? Lea las frases. Complete las etiquetas con los nombres de la gente. Bill is between Al and Carl. Carl is at the back on the right. Daisy is on the left, next to Ed. Carl is standing behind Flo. Gil is sitting on the floor at the front, in front of Ed.

EXERCISE Complete las frases con among o between. 1. They are stuck in the lift floors. 2. I get nervous when I'm a large crowd of people. 3. We put up our tents some tall trees in the middle of the forest. 4. I put up my hammock two large trees. 5. I've found my keys. They had fallen down the wall and the radiator.

""" EXERCISE 3 Complete A-D con las palabras de la casilla y una 1-4 con A-D. in front of

in front

on the top

1. 2. 3. 4.

In the queue, there was a tall man standing behind me. In the game, one boy hid behind the tree. I live next to a golf course now. I put our suitcases in the back of the car.

A B c D

but I used to live the sea. and another boy hid it. and our skis on the roof rack and a short man standing

by

EXERCISE 4 Elija la preposition correcta para completar las frases. 1. The boy me touched me on the shoulder. The girl A behind B in front of 2. The boxer is boxing A outside B inside 3. He leaned his bike A inside B against

the ring. His trainer is the fence and went

me looked me in the eyes.

the ring, shouting at him. the pub.

4. - Tina is the middle of the photo. - No, she isn't. She's the right. A in B on c at 5. - Bob is sitting the back of the class. - No, he isn't. He's the front row the left. A on B at c in 6. Your seat is the front of the theatre, of the seat in A in B at c on 7. Tom lives two A below

floors

row 'A'. The numbers are

the back

us on the tenth floor. Bill lives on the sixth floor, two floors

B above

8. Who's that young man standing A among B between

Mr and Mrs Green?

"""" EXERCISE 5 Vuelva a escribir las frases. Cambie las preposiciones subrayadas cada vez. No cambie el sentido y significado de las frases. 1. The cat liked to sleep under the wheelbarrow. The cat liked to sleep underneath the wheelbarrow.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

He threw the empty suitcase on the wardrobe. If you want to come in, you'll need to wipe your feet. I saw a big fish swimming below our boat. He put up a cabinet above the sink. I don't like living beside this motorway. I'll wait for you at the corner of Duke Street.

PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT (1): TO • Las preposiciones de paso o direction tales como up, down, into, out of, across, round, along, past combinan con verbos de movimiento (ejemplo: come o go) para traducir verbos tales como 'ascend', 'descend', 'enter', etc.: I went up the road. I went down the hill. I went into the shop. I came out o/ the shop. I went across the road. I went round the corner. He came along the path. Heran/wsf me.

Subipor la carretera. Baje por la colina. Entre en la tienda. Salt de la tienda. Cruce la carretera. Di la vuelta a la esquina. El veniapor el sendero. Paso a mi lado corriendo.

Varies verbos de motion combinan con preposiciones de paso o direction: The man jumped onto his bike and rode through the tunnel towards the sea. El hombre salto sobre su bid y pedaled a troves del tunel hacia el mar. In y at indican position; to indica movimiento:

He's at the cinema. El estd en el cine. She went to the cinema. Ellafue al cine. He lives in Prague. El vive en Praga. She is going to Prague. Ella va a ir a Praga. I took my daughter to a play at the local theatre. Lleve a mi hija al teatro a ver una obra teatral.

No se usan las preposiciones de movimiento to con home:

Let's go to my house. Let's go/drive/get a taxi home. (No to home)

No se usa to con there (ohere): -

I went to Brazil last year. I went there last year. (No to there)

El adverbio back significa 'vuelWhen are you going back to work? ta a una position original'. Se usa {Cuando vas a volver al trabajo? despues del verbo y antes de cualquier preposition: Se usa arrive in con ciudades/paises, pero arrive at con edificios. Get to se puede usar en vez de arrive in o arrive at:

She

arrived in/at got to

Munich/Germany at 9.30. the airport at 9.30.

Se usa to des,*•*..-.-»

puc

Have you been to New York? (No in New York) ^ 70 lorkf

EXERCISE 1 Escriba lo que esta haciendo la gente en los dibujos, usando las columnas A y B.

He is skiing He is running He is hopping She is sliding She is riding She is creeping

through the tall grass. down the banister. up the hill. along the pavement. over the bumps. round the corner.

EXERCISE 2 Complete la columna B con at, in o to y escriba frases usando las columnas A y B. B .. my party next Saturday. 1. Please come I'll see you .... the party. 2. Last night she was Yesterday she went

.. the cinema. .. the cinema.

3. I've never been I met my wife

Australia. Australia.

4. He sent a fax She received the fax

Sao Paolo. Sao Paolo.

5. They went They went for a swim

the beach for a swim. the beach.

ERCISE 3 Hay una equivocation en cada linea de estos dialogos. Escribalos correctamente. 3. - When did you arrive to London? 1. - To where are you going after class? -1 came London last Saturday. - I'm going to home. - Have you been London before? - How are you getting to there? - No, never. This is my first time to here. 2. - Have you been in Korea? - No, I've never been to there.

PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT (2): FROM/TO/TOWARDS/AWAY FROM -IN/INTD- ON/UNTO -OFfvtWT OF

From. . , to, . .; towards/awai from Seusafrom + puntode partida to + destine:

^/T

ff"

f

M SC Wt

KO/e de Lstambul a Moscu.

° °

(Se usa from ... to ... tambien con dias, horas, fechas, etc.: I work/row nine to five every day. Vease 10.5, pag. 30). Se usa towards (o toward) para poner mas enfasis que en la llegada: Clint tied up his horse and walked slowly towards the six men. Clint ato su caballo y camino lentamente hacia los seis hombres. • Lo contrario de towards es away from:

J

TheSIX men wa^ed away from Clint. Los seis hombres se alejaron de Clint.

NOTA: e^ adverbio es away no away from: The six men walked away.

SIn/into; on/onto In/on indica position; into/onto indica paso o direccion. Cuando se refiere a espacios definidos - espacios con 'limites' (una habitacion/prado, etc.) in/on se pueden reemplazar por into/onto: He is in the field. He went in/into the field. The cup is on the tray. Put the cup on/onto the tray. Into se puede usar para mostrar un cambio o 'colision':

El estd en el prado. El entro en el prado, La taza estd en la bandeja. Pon la taza en la bandeja.

The book was translated into ten languages. El libro se tradujo a diez idiomas. He drove his car into a lamp-post. Se choco contra unafarola.

Off, out of O f f eslo contrario de on:

The painter fell off his ladder. Elpintor se cay 6 de la escalera. (Estaba sobre ella antes)

Out of significa 'alejandose del interior'. Es lo contrario de into: He took his wallet out 0/his pocket. (No out ni out from) Saco la cartera del bolsillo. • Out of puede tambien traducirse por 'lejos de' o 'ya no esta ahi'. Aqui es lo contrario de in: The manager is out o/the country on business. El director estdfuera delpais de negocios. After the operation his life was out of danger. Despues de la operation su vida estabafuera depeligro.

"""" EXERCISE 1 Elija las preposiciones correctas de la pagina 20 para completar las frases.

He's diving the pool.

He's walking He's getting ______________ the pool. the pool.

He's the pool.

5

The bird is flying the table.

The bird is the table.

7

8

The bird is flying the table.

It's flying the table.

"" EXERCISE 2 Complete las frases usando el verbo come y una preposicion de la casilla. from

in

into

off

onto

out

out of

towards

1. My son____________his bike and broke his arm. Another cyclist was____________him, so he had to brake suddenly. 2. -Where do you____________? - Berlin. I'm German. 3. - It's cold outside. - Oh, I'm sorry. Please ............. 4. The thief____________the bank and jumped into the getaway car. 5. Two young children____________the bar, but the barman told them to leave. 6. Oh, no! My keys were in my pocket. They must have _____________ 7. It's a lovely night! Why don't you___________the balcony and look at the stars with me?

EXERCISE 3 Lea el texto y elija las preposiciones correctas. Last year Ralph and Betty Trester (1) from/in Boston flew (2) from/to New York (3) from/to Rome. Mrs Trester had always wanted to go (4) there/to there. They spent the first two days (5) in/into Rome, then they rented a car and drove slowly (6) out/out o/Rome (7) into/towards the north. They drove (8) in/into Florence and stayed for two days. However, their holiday suddenly changed (9) in/into a nightmare when they crashed (10) in/into a wall. They had been driving happily (11) on/onto a quiet road, when they saw another car driving too fast (12) to/towards them. Mr Trester lost control of the car. The next thing he knew was when he woke up (13) in/into hospital. He was lucky to be alive. Mrs Trester was (14) in/into the bed next to him with a broken leg. After ten days (15) in/inside hospital, they were both (16) out/out of danger and were allowed (17) out/out of. They couldn't wait to get back (18) to/in the USA again. 'We're never going back (19) in/to Italy again,' said Mrs Trester.

OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT Along Along indica paso por pasillos con dos lados; ejemplo: canales, carreteras, rios, etc.:

^PHSB 4-^ ^

She ran along the street. £//fl corr^ por \a cane

Across

• Across significa 'de un lado a otro', sobre todo en objetos horizontales; ejemplo: carreteras, prados, rios, lagos, desiertos, etc.: Lots of people have swum across the English Channel. Cantidad de gente ha cruzado a nado el Canal de la Mancha.

Over • Over significa 'de un lado a otro', sobre todo, de objetos verticales, ejemplo: paredes, arboles, montanas, etc.: The prisoners climbed over the wall and escaped. ped. Los prisioneros escalaron el muro y escaparon.

Under Under indica paso 'directamenteabajo':

The boat sailed under the bridge. (No below) El bote paso por debajo delpuente.

pAST • Past se traduce por 'pasar'. Se usa a menu- i do cuando se dan direcciones.

Go past the church and turn left. Pasa la iglesia y gira a la izquierda.

Through Through indica paso a traves de un objeto tridimensional; ejemplo: tiinel, muchedumbre, bosque, niebla, ciudad, etc.: I've never looked through a telescope. Nunca he mirado por un telescopio.

up • Up indica paso de una position baja a una mas alta. Down es lo contrario:

He climbed up a ladder and carried the cat down to the street. Subio por una escalera de mono y bajo el gato al suelo. • Up puede indicar paso 'hacia arriba' o 'promotion'; down puede indicar paso 'hacia el sur' o 'degradation': I live in the south and I travel up to London every day. Vivo en el sur y subo a Londres todos los dias. The team lost and were sent down to a lower division. El equipo perdio y descendieron a una division mas baja. • Up the road y down the road se pueden usar indistintamente (a no ser que la carretera este en lo alto de una colina). Along the road significa lo mismo que up/down the road.

Round

• Round indica una direction 'curva' o 'circular': I'd love to sail round the world. Me encantaria navegar alrededor del mundo. • Round (o around) tambien significa 'todo o la mayor parte de alguien' o 'en varias direcciones': We drove round Spain last summer. Dimos una vuelta a Espana en coche elpasado verano.

EXERCISE 1 A Lea la historia y mire los dibujos. The man went into the sports club. When he came out of the club he ran up the hill and jumped onto the wall. He walked along the wall and then he jumped off it. He jumped over a gate and ran under a bridge. Then he ran down a hill and through a hole in a wall. After that he swam across a river, past a windmill and back to the sports club.

B Tape la historia y mire solamente los dibujos. Escriba los numeros de los dibujos junto a las preposiciones. !Cuidado! Sobran tres preposiciones. across past along round down through into to off towards onto under out of up over ^Recuerda toda la historia?

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (1): AT- IN • ON

Seus • Con las horas y con momentos fijos del dia: 5 o'clock midday/midnight lunchtime

at

• Con fiestas: at

See you at five to four/midnight. Nos vemos a las cuatro menos cinco/medianoche.

the weekend Christmas Easter

What are you doing at the weekend? iQw vas a hacer el fin de semana?

Se usa at tambien en las siguientes expresiones: He never works at night. She's ill at the moment. We arrived at the same time.

El nunca trabaja de noche. Ella estd enferma en este momento. Llegamos al mismo tiempo.

Se usa in: Con partes del dia (pero fljese: at night): in

the morning(s) the afternoon(s) the evening(s)

I always have a bath in the evening. Siempre tomo un bano al anochecer.

Con periodos mas largos de tiempo tales como meses, estaciones, anos, decadas, siglos: in in in in m

January February (the) winter (the) spring 2001 1066 the 1960s the sixties the 21st century the Middle Ages

It usually rains in April. Generalmente llueve en abril. In summer, we go to the beach every day. En verano, vamos todos los dias a la playa. Italy became a republic in 1946. Italia se convirtio en republica en 1946. Rock'n roll began in the 1950s. El Rock'n roll comenzo en los anos 50. Shakespeare was born in the 16th century. Shakespeare nacio en el siglo XVI.

Para significar 'despues de un periodo de tiempo' en el futuro: in

a few minutes two months

I'll be back in half an hour. Estare de vuelta en media hora.

Para significar'dentro de un periodo de tiempo': in

twenty seconds two days

I can run a kilometre in five minutes. Puedo correr un kilometro en cinco minutos.

Tambien se usa in con the past y the future: in

the past (the) future

People ate less meat in the past. La gente comia menos carne en el pasado.

Se usa on: UNIT8Con dias de la semana y partes del dia: Tuesday(s)

El juega a futbol los lunes.

Friday mornings Saturday nights

I hate getting up on Monday mornings. Detesto levantarme los lunes por la manana.

on

Con dias 'especiales' y fechas exactas: my birthday Christmas Day

I'm having a party on New Year's Eve. Voy a dar una fiesta en Nochevieja.

January 1st 31st December

My birthday's on March 25th. Mi cumpleanos es el 25 de marzo.

on

"

• at, in, on no se usan delante de estas palabras: tonight

See you tonight. Hasta la noche. Tomorrow They're leaving tomorrow morning. Se van manana por la manana. Yesterday I met him yesterday morning. Me encontre con el ayerpor la manana. This I'm working this Saturday. Voy a trabajar este sdbado. What time What time does the film start? lA que hora empieza lapelicula? Every/each She goes jogging every/each Tuesday morning. Ella va a correr todos los martespor la manana. Next We're going to a party next weekend. Vamos a una fiesta el proximo fin de semana. Last She didn't work last week. Ella no trabajo la semana pasada. ne en(j signiflca

<en el punt0 donde algo se para'. Lo contrario es at the

start/beginning: He got a large bonus at the end of his contract. Recibio una buena bonification al final de su contrato. In the end significa 'fmalmente' y nos comunica el resultado de algo. Lo contrario es at first: Our car was always breaking down so in the end we sold it. Nuestro coche siempre estaba averiado asi que al final lo vendimos. ',

• In time significa 'lo suficientemente temprano'. Lo contrario es too late: Joe's ill at the moment but he hopes to be better in time for your party. Joe estd enfermo de momentopero espera estar mejor a tiempopara tu fiesta. On time significa 'puntual' / 'justo a la hora exacta'. Lo contrario es late: German trains are famous for arriving on time. Los Irenes alemanes son famosos por llegar a su hora.

EXERCISE 1 Complete las frases con at, on o in.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7.

9.

.

midnight. the morning. 7.45. Monday. Monday morning. Monday night. the summer. August. August 1st.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

the weekend. Christmas. Christmas Day. New Year's Eve. the new year. 2010. half past nine. half an hour. two days'time.

EXERCISE Complete las frases con at, in u on. Una las frases completas con los dibujos.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I'll see you outside the cinema 7 o'clock. Meet me next to the clock tower the morning. I'll see you inside the cinema Friday evening. Let's meet behind the church midnight. How about meeting on the bridge an hour? I'll wait for you under the oak tree the 4th July.

EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases con at, on o in (o Men - donde no sea necesaria la preposition). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

I usually play basketball the weekend, but I didn't play last weekend. I'm going to watch TV tonight. I've got an exam my birthday. It's so unfair! I'm busy this weekend. Let's meet the same time tomorrow. Can you remember what time you got home? I didn't do anything Tuesday evening and I didn't do anything yesterday evening either. 8 Sunday we went swimming, last Sunday we had a party and next Sunday we're having a barbecue. 9. My birthday's the end of May, my wife's birthday's June 1st and my daughter's was yesterday.

EXERCISE 4 Haga frases usando at the end of o in the end + una de las oraciones de la casilla. their courses we bought a new one the match

they got married the opera we stayed at home

they gave up each month the marathon

1. Most people get paid at the end of each month. 2. My children tried to learn to play the piano but 3. Our old video kept going wrong so 4. We were going to go out last night but 5. Most of the audience were crying 6. The footballers shook hands 7. She didn't like him at first but 8. University students often do crazy things 9. The runner collapsed

EXERCISE 5 Complete las frases con on time o /// time. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

My parents are never late. They always arrive Dad says he won't be home for dinner. Please start without him. The local bus service is awful: the buses never come I hope I get home to watch the match tonight. We're really sorry we didn't get home to say goodbye. We got to the station just to catch the last train. I must get my best suit cleaned for my sister's wedding. Please don't be late for the show, as we want to start

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME (2): FOR/SINCE -AGO -DURING/IN -WHILE

For/since; ago • For y since responden a la pregunta How long...? (^Cuanto tiempo...?) • For se usa con un periodo de tiempo: I'm going away for the weekend. Me voy para elfin de semana. • Since se usa con el punto de partida de la action: I've worked here since October. Llevo trabajando aqui desde octubre. ; • Ago significa 'antes de ahora'. Es un adverbio, no una preposition y se usa con un verbo en pasado despues de una expresion de tiempo: * ...... The bank closed half an hour ago. El banco cerro hace media horn. Comparese ago y for: I went to Spain a year ago and stayed/or a month. ; Fui a Espana hace un ano y me quede un mes.

During/in In y during responden las preguntas When...? (^Cuando...?) Se refieren a un momento en el curso de un periodo de tiempo. Es muy tipico usarlas en expresiones como during/in the night, during/in the war: It snowed heavily during/in the night. Ha nevado con intensidad durante la noche. Se usa during (no in) cuando algo continiia a traves de algun periodo de tiempo...: I had to work during the whole holiday, so I didn't go away. Tuve que trabajar durante todas las vacaciones, asi que no mefui. J

...para referirse a una actividad; ejemplo: una comida, un programa, etc.: During lunch, he finally agreed to sign the contract. Durante la comida por fin accedio afirmar el contrato. Compare during y for: I was ill for three weeks during May. Estuve tres semanas enfermo en mayo.

While • While es una conjuncion que significa 'durante el tiempo': They always phone while we're having dinner. (= when) Siempre me llamanpor telefono cuando estamos cenando. Compare during y while: I met ray wife during a holiday in Paris, (during + sustantivo) Conoci a mi esposa durante unas vacaciones en Paris. I met my wife while a holiday in Paris, (while + sujeto + verbo)

""EXERCISE 1 Complete las frases con for o since.

1 . September. 2 . twenty days. 3. a year. 4 _. last year. 5. .............. 1998. 6. I was twelve.

9. 10. 11. 12.

the summer. ......... a long time. . tliree months. . October 2nd. a few weeks. ages.

EXERCISE 2 Marque (/) las frases correctas. Vuelva a escribir las frases incorrectas usando una preposition diferente. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

I've been here since three days. She was waiting there during an hour. I broke my arm while I was skiing last year. I was in hospital for three days. My friend has gone away. I won't see her for a long time. I had to study in the weekend, so I feel really tired. He's been married for half his life. She's been married since only a short time. His father died during the war. His mother died in her teens.

a a a a a a a a a

EXERCISE 3 Complete la postal de Peter con for, during o while. Dear Danielle, Hope you're well. We haven't been to see you because we were in Spain (1) the summer holiday. We stayed there (2) nearly three weeks. (3) we were there we went to lots of interesting places. (4) the first week we stayed in the north. We went to Barcelona (5) two days and had some fantastic food (6) our visit. Then we went to Madrid (7) a day and saw some great paintings - but (8) we were having dinner one evening, somebody stole my new jacket. I was really angry as I'd only had it (9) a few months. (10) the final week we travelled around the south. We went to Granada (11) a day and had a fantastic time. (12) Sophie and I were visiting some beautiful buildings, the kids went walking in the mountains. But the best place we went to (13) our holiday was Seville. We were only there (14) a couple of days, but (15) that time we met some fantastic people. You must go there when you can! Hope to see you soon. Love Peter

OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF TIME Before/after After y before son contrarias cuando significan tiempo: '

We'll be arriving before/after lunch. Llegaremos antes/despues de comer.

En ingles, el gerundio se usa despues de preposiciones (no el infinitive): After going to the beach, we went home. (No after to go...) Despues de ir a la play a, fuimos a casa. Before writing the book, the autor did a lot of research. (No before to write...) Antes de escribir el libro, el autor investigo mucho.

About/around (+un tiempo) Tanto about como around significan 'aproximadamente': The journey takes about/around an hour by car. El viaje dura aproximadamente una hora en coche.

Past/to (+ hora del reloj) • Past indica los minutos despues de la hora, to indica los minutos antes de la hora: It's ten past three. It's ten to three.

Son las tres y diez. Son las tres menos diez.

l

Until (till en el ingles informal) Until se usa para decir cuanto tiempo continuara una situation hasta cierto momento: '

Most discos in London are open until 2 a.m. La mayoria de las discotecas en Londres abren hasta las 2 de la madrugada. You can't open your presents until Christmas day. No sepueden abrir los regalos hasta el dia de Navidad.

From (+ hora, dia, etc.) to/until (+ otra hora, fecha, etc.) Se usa from + cuando algo empieza to (o until/till) + cuando termina: Most UK banks are open from 9.30 to/until 4.30, from Monday to Friday. La mayoria de los bancos en Gran Bretana abren de 9.30 a 4.30, de lunes a viernes. I'll be away from Sunday until/to Tuesday night, so I can meet you on Wednesday. Estarefuera desde el domingo hasta el martes por la noche, asi que nos veremos el miercoles. (Vease 6.1, pagina 20 para from + lugar to + otro lugar).

From/as from/as of From, as from, as of significa 'empezando desde una hora en particular': From/As from/As of tomorrow, I'm giving up smoking. Desde manana voy a dejar defumar. As of es mas normal en el pasado:

As of yesterday, I'm a free man. Desde ayer soy un hombre libre.

Within Within se usa para indicar 'un periodo no mas largo que una longitud de tiempo en particular': Comparese con in:

He'll be back within an hour. El volverd antes de una hora.

He'll be back in an hour. El volverd dentro de una hora.

By By significa 'no mas tarde que' y se usa para decir que algo va a suceder a o antes de una cierta hora: Most discos in London are closed by 2 a.m. (= at o before) La mayoria de las discotecas en Londres estdn cerradas a las 2. The bus should be here by now. What's happened? El autobus ya deberia estar aquipara ahora. ^Que ha sucedido?

By se puede usar con el significado de 'durante' con las palabras day y night, y generalmente sin the: - - — A lot of Brazilians work by day and dance by night. Muchos brasilenos trabajan de diet y bailan de noche. Compareseby y until: I can't leave work until 6.30, but I promise I'll be home by 7 o'clock. Nopuedo dejar el trabajo hasta las 6.30, peroprometo estar en casapara las 7.

Throughout • Throughout significa 'de principio a fin': The man in front snored throughout the whole play. El hombre de delante estuvo roncando toda lafuncion.

By the time/by then • By the time puede significar 'cuando' en situaciones donde la tardanza afecta la llegada: We're so late. By the time we arrive at the party it'll be time to leave. Vamos muy tarde. Para cuando lleguemos a la fiesta sera hora de irse. • By then (o by the time) introduce una consecuencia de tardanza: I didn't get to the party until 3 o'clock and, by then, all the food was gone. No llegue a la fiesta hasta las tresypara entonces, se habia acabado toda la comida.

""" EXERCISE 1 Complete las frases con before o after. 1 having a long hot bath, she went to bed. 2. Make sure you give back the keys leaving the hotel. 3. Doctors have to study for seven years they can begin to practise. 4. Frank finally died at the age of 82 surviving several heart attacks. 5 _ allowing the fight to begin the referee made the boxers touch gloves. 6 taking off the plane headed towards the south coast.

EXERCISE 2 Complete la segunda frase de manera que signifique lo mismo que la primera. Use las palabras que estan entre parentesis. 1. He'll be home in an hour more or less. (around) He'll be home in around an hour. 2. I usually go to bed between 10.45 and 11.15. (about) 11 o'clock. 3. It takes approximately six hours to fly from New York to Los Angeles. (around) New York is by air from 4. On average she sleeps for between six and eight hours a night. (about) She usually seven hours a night. 5. I arrive at work at seven twenty-five every morning. (past) I get 6. I arrive home from work at six-fifty every evening. (to) I get 7. If we get to the party late, it'll be time to come home again. (By the time) , it'll be time to leave. 8. If we don't have breakfast soon, it'll be lunch-time. (By the time) , it'll be time for lunch. 9. It's 2 o'clock now. I think Bob will arrive by 3 o'clock. (within) I think.. hour. 10. It's 3 o'clock now. I think Jasmin will arrive at 4 o'clock. (in) I think hour.

EXERCISE 3 Una la primera parte de las frases en la columna A con la segunda parte en la columnaB. A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The party lasted from six in the evening On Saturday the bank only opens from nine The school term is from September He was out of the country from Tuesday She studied English from the age of six They argued from the time they left home

B A B c D E F

until she started work. to mid-December. to the time they got back. until two the next morning. until the following Monday. til twelve.

EXERCISE 4 Escriba una frase que empiece con lo que se le da entre parentesis. 1. The President resigned yesterday. Today we have a new one. (As from) As from today, we have a new President. 1. She's going to eat less chocolate. She starts tomorrow. (As from) 3. My father's sixty next year. Then he's going to work part-time. (As from) 4. Czechoslovakia was one country. In 1993 it became two countries. (As of) 5. I'm going to go to the gym every day. I'm going to start tomorrow. (From)

EXERCISE 5 Complete las frases con by o until. Una las frases completas con los dibujos, 1. 2. 3. 4.

We'd better eat that steak. The label says it has to be used tomorrow. Let's play cards the rain stops. You can get cheaper clothes only the end of the month. - Can we have a room at this hotel Monday? - Yes, but you will have to leave midday. 5. The shops are only open lunchtime on Sundays, so you'll have to get your souvenirs then. 6 _ the time the guards discovered what had happened, the prisoner was on a beach in Spain.

OTHER USES OF: IN-AT-ON usa in para expresiones de 'manera/estado': in debt in a hurry/rush in a mess in a quiet/loud voice in danger in dificulty in good/bad condition in love in luck in stock in tears Se usa in con condiciones climaticas:

endeudado con prisa en un revoltijo en voz baja/alta en peligro en dificultades en buenas/malas condiciones enamorado de suerte; afortunado en existencias en Idgrimas

in

the sun/the rain/the snow/good/bad weather/ the shade/the dark. Children love playing in the snow. A los ninos les encantajugar con la nieve.

Se usa in para formas de escribir/expresarse uno mismo: in

ink/pencil/felt tip writing/words/figures/small letters/capital letters (a foreign) language He signed the cheque in green ink. Firmo el cheque en tinta verde. (Ve'ase tambien 3.3, pagina 12). Otras expresiones utiles con in: in all in any case (just) in case in common in detail in fact in full in general

en total, en resumen en cualquier caso por si acaso en comun en detalle, detallado de hecho, en realidad entero, completo por regla general

in half in my opinion in other words in particular in public/private in spite of in the distance in turn

en dos, por la mitad en mi opinion en otras palabras en particular, sobre todo en publico/privado apesarde a lo lejos en turnos

Otras expresiones de tiempo con at: at a time (when) at first/last at first sight at once at present/the moment at the same time (as) at war/peace

en un momento (cuando) al principio/final aprimera vista inmediatamente de momento, en este momento al mismo tiempo en guerra/paz

Se usa at + numeros en las siguientes expresiones: at + edad at + velocidad at + temperatura at % (a year) Otras expresiones utiles con at:

Otras expresiones de tiempo con on:

She got married at (the age of) 21. Ella se caso a los 21 anos. Concord travels at the speed of sound. El Concord viaja a la velocidad del sonido. Water boils at (a temperature of) 100°C. El agua hierve a una temperatura de 100 grados. I pay/interest at 10 per cent (a year). Pago un interes del 10 por ciento anual. at a loss/a profit at all cost at any rate at least at lunch at sea off and on on and on

con perdidas/beneficios a cualquier precio en cualquier caso por lo menos a la hora del almuerzo/comida en el mar

alternativamente, unas veces si y otras no insistentemente, machacando

Se usa on para medios electronicos, telefonos y extensiones de telefonos. (Vease tambien 3.3, pagina 12): I've got it on cassette but I haven't got the CD. Lo tengo en casete, pero no en CD. We can speak on the phone. No, you can't. He's not on the phone. Podemos hablarpor telefono. No, nopodeis. El no tiene telefono. Call me at work. I'm on extension 213. Lldmame al trabajo. Estoy en la extension 213.

Se usa on + deberes/regimenes: be on... duty guard the (night) shift a diet strike antibiotics

estar de guardia en guardia en turno de noche a dieta de huelga con antibioticos

Otras expresiones utiles con on:

on fire ardiendo on offer en oferta on paper por escrito on screen en pantalla on purpose (pero by mistake) a proposito (por equivocation) on the one hand/ the other hand por una parte/por otra parte on the way to de camino a on the whole (= in general) en conjunto (Vease tambien on + transporte, 12.2 pagina 44).

EXERCISE 1 Complete el parrafo con siete expresiones de 11.1 en la pagina 39. Sarah's a disaster! Her life is really (1) in a mess. She's got no money and she's borrowed so much she's (2) to all her friends. She's (3) of losing them all. And she's so disorganized! She never has enough time - she's always (4) Her husband Edward always ends (5) when he talks about her. Poor man! I don't know how he can still be so (6) with her - but he is! At least she's (7) with her marriage - he's such a kind man and he'll always love her.

EXERCISE 2 Use las oraciones de 11.2, 11.3 y 11.4 en la pagina 39 para decir las palabras subrayadas de una forma mas corta. 1. My sister and I like the same things: food, sports, clothes... You mean you have a lot in common. 2. Please can you divide this cake into two pieces? You mean cut it 3. My aunt doesn't like sitting in the sun. She prefers to sit where there's no sun. You mean sit 4. I don't want to talk here. Let's talk where nobody can hear. You mean talk 5. From the top of the hill, you'll see the castle very, very far away. You mean it'll be 6. I need a written answer and I need it to be complete. You mean you need it and

EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases con las expresiones en la casilla. s

on the night shift on purpose

on the way on antibiotics

on the other hand on the whole

1. On the one hand I like New York, but it's very polluted. 2. There are good and bad things about living in a city, but I prefer it to living in the country. 3. They prefer working to working in the daytime. It's much quieter. 4. She was late to work because she met an old friend on the bus. 5. It wasn't an accident. I'm sure Andrew did it 6. He can't drink alcohol at the moment because he's

EXERCISE 4 Una la columna A con la columna B. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

He can't have any chocolate cake as he's He's very unlucky, but he keeps trying I don't know how people can drive and talk on the phone Martin is a builder, but he's unemployed Quick! Call the fire service! The flat opposite is There were no taxis anywhere today as all the drivers were There's nothing more exciting than skiing

A B c D E F G

at the same time. on strike. on a diet. at the moment. in fresh, deep snow. in spite of everything. on fire!

EXERCISE 5 Complete la frase con at + una de las expresiones en la casilla. 2% a month an exchange rate of 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

a temperature of a speed of

a cost of the age of

The planet Earth travels round the Sun 107,000 kms an hour. In most European countries you can get married sixteen, but not before. He's paying interest on his car. Water freezes zero degrees Celsius. New financial crisis! Banks selling Euros two to the US dollar! Two hundred terrorists were captured only one soldier's life!

EXERCISE 6 Lea las claves. Complete el crucigrama con las oraciones at de 11.5 y 11.7 en la pagina40. Across -» 1. If you buy something and sell it for more money, you sell it 3. Not here - away somewhere eating. 4. Whatever else might happen. 5. Finally. 7. To appear comfortable or relaxed. Down 4 2. Your reaction the first time you see something or someone. 3. Not less than and probably more. 4. It doesn't matter how difficult or expensive it is. 6. Sailing in a ship.

MEANS OF TRANSPORT Se usa by + medios de transporte:

Pero, fijese: go on foot (ir a pie) (No by foot).

go £y car

go by bus/coach go by bike/motorbike go by train/underground go by plane go by boat/ferry

ir en coche ir en autobus ir en bici/moto ir en tren/metro ir en avion ir en barco/ferry

Yesterday I went to school by bus and returned on foot. Ayer fui al colegio en autobus y volvi a pie.

Cuando se usa un pronombre posesivo (my, his, etc.) o articulo (a/an, the) antes del pronombre, se debe usar: ... in + coche/taxi/ camion, etc.: ... on + (transporte publico, o bid):

They came to school in John's car. (No by John's car) Vinieron al colegio en el coche de Juan. I left my umbrella in the taxi. (No on the taxi) Me olvide elparaguas en el taxi.

We always go there on my bike. (No by my bike) Siempre vamos alli en mi bid. My mother met my father on a train. (No in a train) Mi madre conocio a mi padre en un tren. Compare: He went on holiday by car. He went on holiday in his car.

He came back by plane. He came back on a plane.

• Como en el 12.2, se usa get in (o into) + coches, taxis, etc., pero get on (u onto) + (transporte publico). • Out of es lo contrario de in/into. Off es lo contrario de on/onto: Get in/into a car/taxi Get in the car and I'll take you to the station. Get out of Entra en el coche y te llevare a la estacion. Get on/onto a bus/plane/train Please get out o/the taxi quickly. Get off a bike/motorbike Tenga la bondad de salir del taxi rdpidamente. Get on the bus here and don't get off until the terminus. Suba al autobus aquiy no se baje hasta la terminal.

EXERCISE 1 Complete las frases segunda y tercera de forma que signifiquen lo mismo que la primera. Use las palabras entre parentesis. 1. I got the train to London. (by) I went to London by train, (on) I went 2. I caught the number 38 bus to Oxford Circus. (by) I went (on) I went 3. I like cycling to college. (by) I like going (my) I like going 4. I flew back from Japan. (by) I came back (a) I came back 5. I usually drive to the shops, but sometimes I take a taxi. (by/by) I usually go , but sometimes I go (my friend's/a) I usually go , but sometimes I go

EXERCISE 2 Complete las frases con las preposiciones correctas. 1. Lee usually travels from Hong Kong to Canton ferry but he wasn't the ferry this morning. He must have gone hovercraft. 2. Michelle goes to school bus or a motorbike and often gets a lift home a friend's car. 3. Lily got the number 11 bus the bus she met her friend. They got at the cinema. 4. Nick and Joe were travelling a taxi. But the traffic was awful, so they got and went foot. 5. Fred must have left his bag the plane. He had it when he got the plane but he hasn't seen it since he got

XERCISE 3 Complete las frases con las palabras en la casilla. by(x2) into

in my

go off

get on(x2)

got out

1. Marcia didn't want to walk home alone, so she a taxi. 2. - Did you come the underground? - No, I hate travelling underground. - So how did you get here? -1 came on bike. It's much quicker. 3. Robert's happy to by car but he doesn't want to go Janet's car. She's such a bad driver. 4. - Shall we a bus or shall we go taxi? - Let's walk. You see so much more foot. 5. Sam got the coach, walked a restaurant and ordered some food. 6. We got of the taxi, rushed through the airport and flew to Morocco.

OTHER IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS (1): BY- WITH Se usa by para... Decir como se ha mandado algo: sent by post/mail/courier/fax/e-mail/road/rail/air/sea • Decir como se paga algo:

PaY by cheque/credit card/direct debit (Pero pay (in) cash)

• Decir como sucede algo:

by accident/chance/surprise/mistake

• Indica 'quien' o 'que' fue responsable (sobre todo en voz pasiva): Hundreds of houses were destroyed by the storm. Cientos de casasfueron destruidas por la tormenta. Indica una cantidad:

Our salaries have just gone up by 10 per cent. Nuestros salarios acaban de subir en un 10 por ciento. Brazil won by three goals to one. Brasil gano por tres goles a uno.

expresiones utiles con by: by day/night by all means frjfar fry heart

de dia/noche by law por supuesto by myself pormucho fry the way dememoria little fry little

por derecho, segun la ley a solas, por mi mismo aproposito pocoapoco

• Se usa by + agente y with + el instrumento usado por el agente: The safe was opened by somebody with a key. La cajafuertefue abiertapor alguien con una Have. ": Para expresar la manera de hacer algo, se usa by + el gerundio del verbo:

The thief

8ot i,n ty smashing the window. El ladron entro rompiendo la ventana.

usa with para significar 'teniendo/llevando': He's tall with a long, thin neck. Es alto con un cuello largo, delgado. Brighton is a town with a lot of unemployed people. Brighton es una ciudad con mucha gente en paw. Expresiones utiles con with: in connection with together with with love/best wishes with difficulty/pleasure what's wrong with...t

en conexion con junto con con amor/mis mejores deseos con dificultad/gusto tQuelepasaa...?

EXERCISE 1 Complete los encabezamientos y las noticias con by y con una palabra o frase de la casilla. 2 per cent satellite surprise

car bomb William Shakespeare hand

courier two goals

credit card underground

EXERCISE 2 Vuelva a escribir las frases. Reemplace las palabras subrayadas con las expresiones de 13.2 o 13.5 de la pagina 47. No cambie el significado de las frases. 1. Russia is by a long way the biggest country in Europe. 2. Sometimes I like to sit alone and look at the sea. 3. - May I have another sweet? - Of course. Help yourself. 4. The manager would like to speak to you about your timekeeping. 5. Gradually I began to understand. 6. I've enclosed an invoice and details of how you can pay.

EXERCISE 3 Escriba las frases usando un elemento de cada columna, A, B y C.

B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The woman shot her husband The film was made Socrates killed himself The police caught the men The vandals set the car on fire The boy's life was saved

by with

drinking poison. his best friend. a shotgun. bugging their telephone. a friend's video camera. petrol.

OTHER IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS (2): TO-FOR • For se puede usar para indicar razon o proposito (ejemplo: responder a la pregunta, '/,por que?'). For ejemplo: '/,Por que tomaste la aspirina?': I took the aspirin for my headache. Me tome la aspirina para el dolor de cabeza. (para aliviarlo) Un verbo que siga a for debe ir en gerundio. Se usa esta forma para hablar sobre el proposito o fimcion de las cosas/objetos: Aspirins are for relieving headaches. Las aspirinas son para aliviar el dolor de cabeza. It's a machine for making expresso coffee. Es una mdquinapara hacer cafe expreso. This computer software is for calculating tax. Este software/programa de ordenador es para calcular los impuestos. • To + oration de infinitive se puede usar para indicar un proposito (para responder a la pregunta '^por que?'): I took an aspirin to relieve my headache. Tome una aspirina para aliviar el dolor de cabeza. I use this machine to make expresso coffee. Uso esta mdquinapara hacer cafe expreso. I bought this computer software to calculate my tax. Compre este programa de ordenador para calcular mis impuestos. Compare estos ejemplos indicando proposito (ejemplo: respondiendo la pregunta '/,por que?'): - Why did he do it? - . . . f o r pleasure. -...to amuse himself.

- Why does she work so hard? - . . . f o r money. -... to get rich.

• For tambien se usa para indicar 'el que recibe': There's somebody on the phone for you. Hay alguien que pregunta por ti en el telefono. There's a package for Helen at the Post Office. Hay un paquete para Elena en Correos.

• For (a) + sustantivo se usa a menudo despues de go y come: walk? meal?

Would you like to come

for a I went

swim yesterday. run in the park last Saturday.

• Compara to y for: Let's have something to eat. (to + verbo) What did you have/for breakfast/lunch/dinner? (for + sustantivo) I haven't got enough money to buy a new car. I haven't got enough money for a new car.

EXERCISE 1 Complete las respuestas en la columna B con to o for y unalas con las preguntas de la columna A. A B 1. Why do you want to leave work early? A company. 2. Why do you take this medicine? B visit my friend in New York. 3. Why do you go jogging every day? c my cough. 4. Why do you want a visa for the USA? D keep fit. 5. Why do you need these glasses? E watch the World Cup on TV. 6. Why does he have a pet dog and a parrot? F reading.

~~ EXERCISE 2 A Anada to a estas frases en el lugar correcto. Despues una las frases y los dibujos. 1. A pipette is used measure liquid. 2. Doctors use stethoscopes. They're used check a patient's health. 3. A calculator is used add up lots of large numbers. 4. This is called a compass. It's used draw circles. 5. This is used squeeze the juice out of oranges. 6. This key is used type capital letters.

B Vuelva a escribir las frases usando for. No cambie el significado de las frases.

"" EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases con las palabras/frases correctas de la casilla. the money , get rich a swim 1. A B 2. A B 3. A B 4. A B 5. A B

relaxation help her relax you

warmth keep warm speak to you

He always wears thermal underwear in winter to He always wears thermal underwear in winter for He works sixty hours a week to He works sixty hours a week for She does yoga to She does yoga for The policeman at the door wants to There's a policeman at the door for When did you last go ? When did you last go for ?

swimming

OTHER IMPORTANT PREPOSITIONS (3): OF.AS.LIKE Of puede ser usado con los siguientes significados: • Perteneciendo a': I can't remember the name of the film. No recuerdo el nombre de lapelicula. • 'De entre':

Cantidad / Medida:

Fechas:

He's a friend 0/Margaret's. Es un amigo de Margarita. A lot of my colleagues were at the party. Muchos de mis colegas estaban en la fiesta. I'd like a plate of cheese and a carafe of wine. Quisiera un plato de queso y una garrafa de vino. The 4th of July.

• Causa:

El 4 de julio.

He died of a heart attack. Murio de un ataque al corazon.

Para describir algo:

'The Rattle Bag' is a book of poetry. El 'Rattle Bag'es un libro de poesia. A girl of fifteen. Una chica de quince anos. The City of London. La ciudad de Londres.

Of tambien se puede usar despues de las siguientes palabras para indicar grupos defmidos: none/one/two them some/many/most the students of lots/a lot my friends both/neither Not all (of) my friends are artists. One of them is a banker. No todos mis amigos son artistas. Uno de ellos es banquero. Tanto as como like pueden ser preposiciones. As se refiere al trabajo en si, funcion o papel que desempena:

I worked as an au pair for a year. Trabaje un ano como 'aupair'.

Like significa 'parecido a'...:

I hated the job because I had to work like a slave. Detestaba el empleo porque tenia que trabajar como un esclavo. She looked like Marilyn Monroe. Separecia a Marilyn Monroe.

EXERCISE

Ponga of en el lugar correcto de cada frase. 1. Lee and Kim are good friends mine. 2. Lee's party was on the top floor that building. 3. Most the people at the party were Kim's friends. 4. None Lee's friends went. 5. All them were nice. 6. Kim missed the end the party as she had to leave early. 7. Only a few Kim's friends play football. 8. Neither Lee's parents are blond. 9. Lee hasn't got a car her own. She has to borrow her father's. 10. Kim's grandparents got married on the 25th March, 1957. EXERCISE 2 Complete las frases con like o as. 1. Remi's children are so selfish. They treat her house a hotel. 2. I've hated hamburgers since I worked a cook at MacDonald's. 3. The rain was so heavy that we used plastic bags hats to keep dry. 4. Last Saturday our shop was unbelievably quiet - it was a Sunday. 5. Tom's brother never stops eating - he eats a horse. 6. My flat in Tokyo was so small I had to use the kitchen an office. 7. To get some extra money, my mother works part-time a cleaner. 8. My sister worked a waitress during the summer holiday. 9. Cathy looks just her father. They've got the same eyes. 10. Waiter! This meat is over-cooked - it's eating leather.

EXERCISE 3 Complete las frases con las preposiciones correctas de la pagina 52. 1. Andy is a teenage boy sixteen, who looks a bit Elvis Presley. 2. Bob is a young man about twenty-two. He worked ..... a builder before he became a gym instructor. 3. I'm PC Bill Smith. This is 'Chas the cat'. He's a man medium build. He operates a small-time crook and he looks this. Mire los dibujos y complete las frases con los nombres de esta gente. 1 is on the left. 2 is in the middle. 3 is on the right.

EXERCISE 1 Vuelva a escribir las frases. Cambie la preposition en cada frase para dar el significado contrario. 1. Go 2. It's behind you! 3. I'd like tea with sugar. 4. Let's have our meeting after lunch. 5. It's twenty-five past six. 6. The old woman got onto the bus. 7. Harry got out of the taxi. 8. Maria walked into the room. 9. The children cycled up the hill. 10. We walked up to thefirstfloor. 11. The birds flew under the bridge. 12. The town is situated above sea level. 13. After eating breakfast she went for a walk. 14. She's walking towards the market. 15. My tools were underneath the car. 6.I'm for increasing taxes.

ERCISE 2 Complete el pequeno texto. Use las palabras de la casilla solo una vez. . , after at before on until along

down

He was fine (1) he stood on a banana skin. (2) that, he'd been walking happily (3) the road looking (4) the gardens and flowers. But (5) stepping (6) the banana skin he fell (7) and broke his leg.

XERCISE 3 Complete las frases con since, ago of or. 1. I'm starving. I haven't had anything to eat lunchtime. 2. My sister's been studying in Washington a month. Her English is already quite good because she went there two years too. 3. - Have you had that hairstyle a long time? - Only last month. I had it cut about three weeks

XERCISE 4 Se ha usado una preposition equivocada en estas frases. Vuelva a escribir las frases correctamente. 1. Inflation has gone up from 8 until 9 per cent. 2. I haven't seen Bill since a long time. 3. Brighton is round an hour from London by train. 4. The people in the flat over us are very noisy. 5. They live in the corner of Main Street. 6. Your photos will be ready after two days' time.

"™ EXERCISE 5 Mire los dibujos y complete el texto con las preposiciones correctas. Bill and Lucy like to go on holiday (1) their tandem. Bill always prefers to be at the front. He is the one who steers the bike. (2) setting out, they listened to the 2 o'clock news and weather forecast (3) the radio. The weatherman said it was going to be fine (4) Sunday, but it would probably rain (5) the morning on Tuesday. (6) the south, the weather would be very unsettled. Lucy went (7) to the spare room at the top of the house to get her raincoat. Bill went (8) to the cellar to bring up their tandem.

B

It was twenty-five (9) two when they came (10) the house. Clouds were gathering (11) the sky. It would take them about three hours to get (12) where they lived (13) the little cottage they had rented in the Forest of Dean.

They rode carefully (14) the corner and along the cycle path towards the country roads which they loved to cycle (15) It was quarter (16) tkee when they rode (17) the little bridge that went over the little stream, and 3 o'clock when they rode past the old windmill. They were (18) their way!

Esta seccion engloba las pnncipales preposiciones inglesas, en orden alfabetico. Incluye ejemplos de los significados mas corrientes de las preposiciones. Los numeros entre parentesis se refieren a las secciones en las unidades pnncipales de este libro donde se puede encontrar mas information. ABOUT

1. MOVIMIENTO EN UNA DIRECCION ERRATICA 2. APROXIMADAMENTE (10.2)

He wandered about (= around) the city for hours. Vago durante horaspor la ciudad.

3. SOBRE EL TEMA DE

I'm reading a great book about dinosaurs. Estoy leyendo un libro estupendo sobre dinosaurios.

It's about 10 o'clock. Son aproximadamente las diez.

The doctor can't do anything about my knee. El medico no puede hacer nada con mi rodilla.

ABOVE EN UN LUGAR MAS ALTO (4.3)

The flat above ours is full of students. Elpiso encima del nuestro estd lleno de estudiantes.

ACROSS 1. Al OTRO LADO DE

(5.1) 2.

DE UN LADO A OTRO

(7.2)

The phone box is across the road. La cabina telefonica estd al otro lado de la carretera. The footbridge goes across the motorway. Elpuente depeatones atraviesa la autopista.

AFTER

1. SIGUIENDO/DETRAS

In the alphabet, B comes after A. En el alfabeto, la B viene detrds de la A. Close the door after you. Ciena lapuerta detrds de ti.

2.

MAS TARDE QUE ALGO

(10.1)

3. REPETIDAMENTE

Let's go for a drink after work. Vamos a tomar algo despues de trabajar. Petrol gets more expensive year after year. La gasolina estd mas cara ano tras ano.

AGAINST 1.

TOCANDO/SOSTENIDO FOR

(4.8) 2. EN DIRECCION OPUESTA

Don't lean your bike against the window. No apoyes la bid contra la ventana. It's hard to skate against a strong wind. Es duropatinar contra un fuerte viento.

3. ENOPOSICION

Juventus are playing against Milan tonight. La Juventus juega contra el Milan esta noche.

4. NO A FAVOR DE

Are you for or against capital punishment? as a favor o en contra de lapena de muerte?

ALONG DE UN LADO A OTRO (7.1)

I drove along the road till I found a postbox. Fui en cochepor la carretera hasta que encontre un buzon.

AMONG 1. RODEADO POR/DE

(4.7) 2. EN UN GRUPO DE 3. DENTRO DE (UN GRUPO) 4. CON UNA PARTE CADA

I love walking among the trees in a wood. Me encanta caminar entre los drboles en un bosque. She's among the cleverest people I know. Ella es urn de las personas mas inteligentes que conozco. Discuss it among yourselves then tell me. Discutidlo entre vosotros, despues me decis. His farm was divided among his three children. Su granjafue dividida entre sus tres hijos.

AROUND (ROUND) 1. EN VARIAS DIRECCIONES (7.8)

I love walking around/round cities I don't know. Me encanta andarpor ciudades que no conozco.

2. EN UNA CURVA/ClRCULO

We sat around/round the table chatting for hours. Estuvimos charlando horas, sentados alrededor de una mesa.

3. CERCADE

Excuse me. Is there a post office around here? (No round) Perdone. ?Hay alguna oficina de correos por aqui cerca?

4. APROXIMADAMENTE (10.2)

Birmingham is around two hours from London by car. (No round) Birmingham esta a dos horas de Londres en coche.

AS TRABAJO o PAPEL QUE DESEMPENAS/CONDICION (15.3)

To learn English, I worked as an au pair in London. Para aprender ingles, trabaje como 'au pair' en Londres. As a child, I used to love drawing. De nino me encantaba dibujar.

AT

1. UNA POSICION EXACTA/PUNTO (1.2) 2. NUMEROS DE CASAS (2.1) EDIFICIOS CUANDO PENSAMOS EN su FUNCION (2.4) 4.

UN LUGAR DE REUNION (2.4)

6.

We saw you at the bus stop. Te vimos en la parada del autobus. They live at 91 North Street. Viven en la calk Norte 91. We were at the theatre last Sunday. (= watching a play) Estuvimos en el teatro ayer noche. (viendo una obra) Can you meet me at the airport? ^Puedes esperarme en el aeropuerto?

LUGARES EN UN PUNTO DE UN VIAJE

This train doesn't stop at Heathrow. Este tren no para en Heathrow.

UN PUNTO EXACTO DE TIEMPO

The last train leaves at 11.45. El ultimo tren sale a las 11.45.

(8.1) EN DIRECCION HACIA

Look at that beautiful sunset. Mir a esa maravillosa puesta de sol.

BEFORE

1. DELANTE/DELANTE DE 2. MAS TEMPRANO QUE (10.1)

C comes before D in the alphabet. La C viene antes de la D en el alfabeto. I always have a shower before breakfast. Siempre me ducho antes de desayunar.

BEHIND

1. EN/DETRASDE (4.6) 2. MASTARDEQUE

The sun has gone behind a cloud. El sol se ha escondido detrds de una nube. Because of the snow, all trains are behind schedule. A causa de la nieve todos los trenes vienen con retraso.

BELOW SlTUADO EN UNA POSICION MAS BAJA (4.3)

The flat below ours has a lovely patio. El piso de abajo tiene un patio precioso.

BESIDE

JUNTO A (4.4)

Go and sit beside the radiator if you're cold. Ve a sentarte junto al radiador si tienesfrio.

BETWEEN

1. ENTRE DOS COSAS/ PERSONAS/NUMEROS (4.7)

The cinema's between the chemist's and the baker's. El cine estd entre lafamaciay lapanaderia.

2. UNIENDO GENTE/COSAS/LUGARES

She must be between 25 and 30 years old. Ella debe tener entre 25 y 30 anos. There's a ferry between Spain and Portugal. Hay un ferry entre Espana y Portugal. What's the difference between 'been' and 'gone'. I Cudl es la diferencia entre 'been 'y 'gone'?

3. ELIGIENDO ENTRE DOS COSAS

I can't decide between the soup or the salad to start. No termino de decidirme entre la sopa o la ensalada como primer plato. 4.

COMPARTIENDO ALGO JUNTOS

Between the six of us, we drank four litres of wine. Nos bebimos citatro litros de vino entre los seis.

BEYOND

1. MASALLADE (4.6) 2.

FUERA DE UN RADIO DADO

The border is beyond those mountains. Lafrontera estd detrds de esas montanas. After the accident the car was beyond repair. Despues del accidente el coche estabafuera de toda reparacion posible.

BY 1. JUNTO A, MUY CERCA DE

(4.4) 2. NOMASTARDEDE

(10.8)

If you're cold, come and sit by the fire. Si tienesfrio, ven y sientate junto alfuego. I have to be at the airport by 9 o'clock. Tengo que estar en el aeropuerto para las 9.

3. MEDICS DE TRANSPORTE

(12.1-2)

4. AGENTE o 'INSTRUMENTO' (13.3)

I usually go to work by bus/by train. Genemlmente voy a trabajar en autobus/en tren. Many new cars are now made by robots. Muchos caches nuevos se hacen ahora con robots. My cat died after it was hit by a lorry. Mi gato murio despues de que le golpeara un camion. 'Don Quixote' was written by Cervantes. 'Don Quijote'fue escritapor Cervantes.

5. UNACANTIDAD (13.1)

He lost the race by ten seconds. Perdio la carrerapor diez segundos.

DOWN 1. A UNA POSICION/NlVEL MAS BAJO

(7.7)

2. A LO LARGO, FOR

I went down to the cellar to get some wine. Baje a la bodega apor vino. If you fail the test, you'll go down to the next class. Si suspendes el examen bajards a la close siguiente. I live just down the road. Vivojusto calle abajo.

FOR 1. LONGITUD DE TIEMPO (9.1)

2. RAZON/PROPOSITO (14.1-2)

I worked in Saudi Arabia for two years. Trabaje en Arabia Saudi durante dos anos. What did you do that for? (= why) jPara que hiciste eso? Let's go out for a walk. Vamos a dar una vuelta. What's the machine for? (Para que es la mdquina?

3. CAUSA

She jumped for joy. Ella salto de alegria.

4. MOSTRANDO AL RECEPTOR

I made sandwiches for the children. Nice bocadillos para los ninos. What time's the next train for Edinburgh? lA que hora es el proximo tren a Edimburgo?

5. DESTINO(=tO)

6. A FAVOR DE

Are you for or against increasing taxes? ^Estds a favor o en contra de subir los impuestos?

7. PRECIO

He bought a new car for only 8000 pounds. Compro un coche nuevo solo por 8000 libras.

8. CONSIDERANDO

It's very warm for February. Hace mucho calor para febrero.

FROM 1.

LUGAR DE PARTIDA (6.1)

2.

TlEMPO DE PARTIDA (10.5-6)

We flew from New York to Los Angeles. Volamos de Nueva York a Los Angeles. The box office is open from 6 to/until 8.30. La taquilla se abre de 6 a 8.30.

3. CANTIDAD DE PARTIDA

Prices start from $100. Los precios arrancan de 100 dolares.

4. CONDICION DE PARTIDA

Things have gone from bad to worse. Las cosas han ido de mal enpeor.

5. ORIGEN

This watch was a gift from my mother. Este reloj fue un regalo de mi madre.

6. DISTANCIA

Viena is 240 kilometres from Budapest. Viena esta a 240 kilometros de Budapest. Paper is made from wood. El papel se hace de la madera.

7. MATERIAL ORIGINAL

IN 1. UN LUGAR TRIDIMENSIONAL (1.1)

He's in the bathroom. El esta en el bano.

2. UN AREA (3.4)

They've got a house in France. Tienen una casa en Francia.

3. DENTRO DE EDIFICIOS (1.4)

His son is in prison. Su hijo esta en la carcel.

4. CALLES, CARRETERAS, ETC. (2.1/3.4) 5. EL MEDIO/CENTRO (2.1/4.9)

I'll see you in the hotel lobby. Te vere en el salon del hotel. She lives in North Street. Ella vive en la calle Norte. Madrid is in the middle of Spain. Madrid esta en el centra de Espana.

6. CON PARTE DEL DIA

(8.3/9.2) 7. CON PERIODOS MAS LARGOS

(8.3) 8. CON UN CIERTO TIEMPO

(8.3 /10.7) 9. UN TRABAJO/PROFESION 10. LLEVANDO PUESTO

My wife works in the evening. Mi esposa trabajapor las tardes/noches. They got married in June/the summer/1998. Se casaron enjunio/en verano/en 1998. Their plane will land in half an hour. Su avion aterrizard en media hora. He works in insurance. Trabaja en seguros. Have you seen a man in a long, black coat? lHas visto a un hombre con una chaqueta larga negra?

IN FRONT OF 1. MAS ADELANTE QUE, PERO TODAVk CERCA DE

If you stand in front of me I can't see anything. Si estds depie delante de mi no puedo ver nada.

(4.5) 2.

EN PRESENCIA DE

I can't talk about these things in front of my parents. Nopuedo hablarsobre estas cosas delante de mis padres.

INSIDE EN LA PARTE INTERIOR (4.2)

INTO 1. ENTRAR

(6.2) 2. CHOCAR CONTRA

(6.3) 3.

MOSTRAR UN CAMBIO (6.2)

What's inside that box? iQue hay dentro de esa caja?

He dived off the boat and into the sea. Se zambullo desde el bote al mar. The drunk walked into a lamppost. El borracho se choco contra unafarola. After work I changed into comfortable clothes. Despues de trabqjar mepongo ropa comoda. He translated the novel into Swedish. Tradujo la novela al sueco.

LIKE 1. PARECIDOA 2. 'COMOSI'

It's freezing today. It's like winter. Estd helando hoy. Parece invierno. He looks like he's just got out of bed. Parece como si acabara de salir de la cama.

NEAR NO LEJOS DE

(4.4)

She lives in a cottage near the coast. Ella vive en una casita cerca de la costa.

NEXT TO JUNTO A

(4.3)

I like sitting next to the window on planes. Me gusta sentarme junto a la ventana en los aviones.

OF

1. PERTENECIENTE A (15.1) 2. DEENTRE (15.1) 3. MEDIDAS/TIEMPO (15.1)

4. MATERIAL 5. CAUSA

The index is at the back of this book. El indice estd en las ultimas psginas de este libra. She's one of my closest friends. Es una de mis mejores amigas. A kilo of cheese. Un kilo de queso. The first of January. El 1 de enero. A glass of milk, please. Un vaso de leche, por favor. The ring was made of diamonds and gold. El anillo estaba hecho con diamantesy oro. He died of a heart attack. Murio de un ataque al corazon.

OFF 1. MOVIMIENTO ALEJANDOSE DE 2. A UNA DISTANCIA DE

The painter fell off the ladder. Elpintor se cay6 de la escalera. Hong Kong is off the south coast of China. Hong Kong estd en la costa sur de China.

ON 1. SOPORTADO POR UNA SUPERFICIE

(1.3/3.2/4.1)

2. LUGARES QUE SON LINEAS

(3-4)

3.

DiAS/FECHAS

4. PARTEDELDIA

(8.4) 5. LO QUE ESTA SUCEDIENDO 6. LAASIGNATURADE 7. LLEVANDO PUESTO 8. LLEVANDO ENCIMA

Your boots are on the floor. Tus botas estdn en el suelo. There are a lot of photos on the wall. Hay cantidad defotos en la pared. London is on the River Thames. Londres estd sobre el Tdmesis. St. Petersburg is on the north coast of Russia. San Petersburgo estd en la costa norte de Rusia. What are you doing on Saturday/your birthday? iQue, vas a hacer el sdbado/en tu cumpleanos? We're arriving on Friday night. Vamos a llegar el viernes por la noche, What's on at the cinema this week? iQue echan en el cine esta semana? I've got a test on irregular verbs tomorrow. Mamma tengo un examen de verbos irregulares. What did she have on? iQue llevaba puesto ella? I haven't got any money on me. No llevo dinero encima.

ONTO POSICION SOBRE 0 ENCIMA (6.2)

The angry fans ran onto the pitch. Los airados forofos entraron en el campo corriendo.

OPPOSITE DANDO LA CARA DIRECTAMENTE

(4.5)

The railway station is opposite my house. La estacion de ferrocarril estd enfrente de mi casa.

OUT OF 1 . MOVIMIENTO ALEJANDOSE DEL INTERIOR DE ALGO

(6.3) 2. ALEJANDOSE DE, NO DENTRO (6.4) 3.

DE ENTRE UN NUMERO

4. MATERIAL USADO PARA FABRICAR 5.

NO QUEDA MAS

He took some money out of his pocket. Saco algun dinero de su bolsillo. She's out of the country on business. Ella esta fuera del pais de negocios. Three out of ten adults in Britain smoke. Tres de cada cuatro adultos en Gran Bretanafuman. Let's make a tent out of these blankets. Hagamos una tienda de campana con estas mantas. We're out of coffee, would you like tea? No nos queda cafe, quiere te?

OUTSIDE EN EL LADO EXTERIOR DE (4.2)

OVER 1. DIRECTAMENTE ENCIMA 2. CUBRIENDO TODO 0 PARTE DE 3. AL OTRO LADO

(7.3)

4. CUBRIENDO UN AREA GRANDE

Please leave your boots outside the house. Tenga la bondad de dejar las botas fuera de la casa.

Yesterday Concorde flew over our house. Ayer el Concorde volo por encima de nuestra casa. She put her coat over the back of the chair. Ella puso el abrigo encima de la silla. My sister lives over the road. Mi hermana vive al otro lado de la carretera. The cat jumped over the wall. El gato salto por encima del muro. There was broken glass all over the floor. Habia cristales rotospor todo elsuelo.

SINCE PUNTO DE ARRANQUE PARAACCIONESQUE CONTINUAN HASTA EL MOMENTO DE HABLAR (9.1)

I haven't seen her since 1997. Before that, we hadn't met since 1990. No la he visto desde 1997. Antes de eso no nos habiamos encontrado desde 1990. I've been waiting here since 10 o'clock. Llevo esperando aqui desde las diez.

THROUGH DE UN LADO A OTRO

(7.6)

We watched the football match through a hole in the fence. Vimos el partido de futbol a traves de un agujero en la valla.

THROUGHOUT DESDE EL PRINCIPIO HASTA EL FINAL DE ALGO (10.9)

CNN can be seen throughout the world. La CNN se puede ver en todo el mundo.

TO 1. DESTINO/EN DIRECCION DE (5.2-4/5.7/6.1)

2. BEFORE AN HOUR (10.2) 3. HASTA (10.5) 4. RAZON/PROPOSITO 5. COMPARANDO

They're going to Moscow. Van a Moscu. Florence is to the south of Bologna. Florencia estd al sur de Bolonia. Listen to me. Give it to her. Lend it to him. Escuchame. Ddselo a ella. Dejaselo a el. It's twenty to six. Son las sets menos veinte. Keith works from 9.00 to 5.45. Keith trabaja desde las 9 hasta las seis menos cuarto. I'm studying this book to improve my English. Estoy estudiando este libro para mejorar mi ingles. She prefers walking to swimming. Ella prefiere andar a nadar.

TOWARDS 1.

EN LA DIRECCION DE (6.1)

2. CERCA DE LA HORA/FECHA

She was driving towards the station when she saw you. Ella estaba conduciendo hacia la estacion cuando te vio. I always get hungry towards lunchtime. Siempre tengo hambre hacia la hora de comer.

UNDER 1. DEBAJO (POSICION)

(4.3) 2. DEBAJO (MOVIMIENTO)

(7.4) 3. MAS JOVEN QUE

Your shoes are under the bed. Tus zapatos estdn debajo de la cama. Put your shoes under the bed. Pon los zapatos debajo de la cama. No admission for people under sixteen. No se admiten a menores de dieciseis.

UNTIL/TILL HASTA UNA HORA/ACONTECIMIENTO (10.4-5)

Food will be served until midnight. Se servira algo para comer hasta medianoche. Heat the milk until it boils. Calienta la leche hasta que hierva.

UP 1. A UNA POSICION MAS ALTA (7.7)

2.

A LO LARGO (7.7)

The boy climbed up the tree. El chico trepo a un arbol. If you pass the test, you'll go up to the next class. Si pasas el examen irds a la siguiente clase. I live just up the road. Vivo justo calle arriba.

WITH 1. IN THE COMPANY OF 2. TENIENDO/LLEVANDO (13.4)

3.

USANDO COMO INSTRUMENTO

(13.3) 4.

CONCERNIENTE

I live with my sister. Vivo con mi hermana. Sao Paolo is a city with a lot of problems. Sao Paolo es ma ciudad con cantidad de problemas. Rod's tall with long red hair and a beard. Rod es alto, pelirrojo y con barba. She killed the wasp with a newspaper. Ella mato la avispa con un periodico. There's a problem with his visa. Hay un problema con su visa.

WITHOUT NO TENIENDO/NO ACOMPANANDO

I always drink tea without milk or sugar. Siempre bebo el te sin leche o azucar. Go to the cinema without me if I'm late. Ve al cine sin mi si llego tarde.

EXERCISE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

to with from on about for through

"EXERCISE 3

XERCISE 2 1. That's the factory he works in. 2. That's the boy she goes out with.

EXERCISE 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

3. That's the table I left my keys on. 4. That's the hole the ball rolled down. 5. That's the door they went through.

on at in/in in/on/in on

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Wooden chairs Parents A kitten New shoes A hot bath Small cars Ice Banisters

7. at 8. in/in

EXERCISE 2 2. He was in bed. 3. He was at work.

EXERCISE 1 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

« / at / e» es in m / at / /

(at) (in) (at) (in) (at) (at) (in)

XERCISE 4 1. down 2. over 3. at 4. to

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

EXERCISE 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

in in in in at

7. at

8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

at in on at on

over under by of on in by in

He was in the shower. He was at university. He was in hospital. He was in the garden. He was in prison.

EXERCISES 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

at the cinema at the airport at platform 5 at the box office at the Hard Rock Cafe at his house at the dentist's at work at university at Buckingham Palace at the White House

EXERCISE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

in in in/on on on in in/on

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

B A 2 B 3

c 5 D 9

Al Bill Carl Daisy Ed Flo Gil

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

between among among between between

in on in in on on on on on

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 1 A B C D E F G

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE

8. in 9. in 10. in

in front in front of by on the top

1. 2. 3. 4.

D B A C

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

behind/in front of inside/ouside against/inside in/on at/in/on at/in/on above/below between

XERCISE 4

• EXERCISE 1 He is hopping along the pavement. She is riding round the corner. She is sliding down the banister. He is running up the hill. He is skiing over the bumps. She is creeping through the tall grass.

'EXERCISE 2 Please come to my party next Saturday. I'll see you at the party. 2. Last night she was at the cinema. Yesterday she went to the cinema. I've never been to Australia. I met my wife in Australia.

on/cover in photos on/floor on/farm in queues on/map on/coast on/River

EXERCISE 5 2. He threw the empty suitcase on top o/the wardrobe. 3. If you want to come inside, you'll need to wipe your feet. 4. I saw a big fish swimming under our boat. 5. He put up a cabinet over the sink. 6. I don't like living next to/by this motorway. 7. I'll wait for you on the corner of Duke Street.

4. He sent a fax to Sao Paolo. She received the fax in Sao Paolo. 5. They went to the beach for a swim. They went for a swim at the beach.

EXERCISE 3 1. - Where are you going after class? - I'm going te home. - How are you getting te there? 2. - Have you been to Korea? - No, I've never been te there. 3. - When did you arrive in London? -1 came to London last Saturday. - Have you been to London before? - No, never. This is my first time te here.

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 1 1. into 2. in 3. outa of 4. away from 5. onto 6. on 7. off 8. away from

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

came off/coming towards come from come in came out of came into come out come onto

EXERCISE 1 across along down into

11 5 9 1

XERCISE 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

at in at on on on in in on at at on on in in at in in

XERCISE 2 1. at C 2. in E 3. on A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

"EXERCISES from from to there in out of towards into into into

6 4 2 7

4. at D 5. in F 6. on B

EXERCISE 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

at/on at/on/On/-/at/on/-

18. to

19. to

past 12 through 10 under 8 up 3

5. Most of the audience were crying at the end of the opera. 6. The footballers shook hands at the end of the match. 7. She didn't like him at first but in the end they got married. 8. University students often do crazy things at the end of their courses. 9. The runner collapsed at the end of the marathon.

EXERCISE 5

EXERCISE 4 2. My children tried to learn to play the piano but in the end they gave up. 3. Our old video kept going wrong so in the end we bought a new one. 4. We were going to go out last night but in the end we stayed at home.

on towards in in in out of out

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 2 off onto out of over

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

on time in time on time in time in time in time in time on time

EXERCISE \ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

since September. for twenty days. for a year. since last year. «/?ce 1998. s/'wce I was twelve. since the summer. for a long time. for three months. since October 2nd. for a few weeks. for ages.

1. I've been here for three days. 2. She was waiting there for an hour. 3. I broke my arm while I was skiing last year. / 4. I was in hospital for three days. / 5. My friend has gone away. I won't see her for a long time. / 6. I had to study during/at the weekend, so I feel really tired. 7. He's been married for half his life./ 8. She's been married/or only a short time. 9. His father died during the war. / 10. His mother died in her teens. /

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

EXERCISE 1

6. I get home from work at ten to seven every evening. 7. By the time we get to the party, it'll be time to leave. 8. By the time we have breakfast, it'll be time for lunch. 9. I think Bob will arrive within an hour. 10. I think Jasmin will arrive in an hour.

3. As from next year, my father's going to work part time. 4. As of 1993, Czechoslovakia became two countries. 5. From tomorrow, I'm going to go to the gym every day.

after before before after before after

XERCISE 2 2. I usually go to bed at about 11 o'clock. 3. New York is around six hours by air from Los Angeles. 4. She usually sleeps for about seven hours a night. 5. I get to work at twentyfive past seven every morning.

EXERCISE 3 1 D-2F-3B-4E-5A-6C

EXERCISE 4 2. As from tomorrow, she's going to eat less chocolate.

during for While For for during for while for During for While during for during

EXERCISE 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

by until until until/by until/by By

D A C B F E

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

in debt in danger in a rush/hurry in tears in love in luck

EXERCISE 2 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

in half in the shade in private in the distance in writing/in full

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

on the other hand on the whole on the night shift on the way on purpose on antibiotics

EXERCISE 3

1. c 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

XERCISE 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

at a speed of at the age of at 2% a month at a temperature of at an exchange rate of at a cost of

XERCISES - 3 lunch. 4 any rate • 5 last • 7 ease 1 2 first sight • 3 least • 4 all cost. 6 sea

EXERCISE 1 1. I went to London on the train. 2. I went to Oxford Circus by number 38 bus. I went to Oxford Circus on the number 38 bus. 3. I like going to college by bike. I like going to college on my bike. 4. I came back from Japan by plane. I came back from Japan in a plane. 5. I usually go to the shops by car, but sometimes I go by taxi. I usually go to the shops in my friend's car, but sometimes I go in a taxi.

F A D G B E

EXERCISE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

by/on/in by/on/in on/On/off in/out/on on/on (onto)/off

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

EXERCISE 3 got on/by/my go/in getfty/on oftfinto out

EXERCISE 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

by satellite by 2 per cent by hand by William Shakespeare by courier by two goals by underground by credit card by car bomb

EXERCISE 2 1. Russia is by far the biggest country in Europe. 2. Sometimes I like to sit by myself 'and look at the sea. 3. - May I have another sweet? - By all means. Help yourself.

EXERCISE 1 \. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

E c D B F A

To watch the World Cup on TV. For my cough. To keep fit. To see my friend in New York. For reading. For company.

EXERCISE 2 A pipette is used to measure liquid. Doctors use stethoscopes. They're used to check a patient's health. A calculator is used to add up lots of large numbers. This is called a compass. It's used to draw circles. This is used to squeeze the juice out of oranges. 6. This key is used to type capital letters. 1C•2F-3B-4E-5D-6A

4. The manager would like to speak to you in connection with your timekeeping. 5. Little by little I began to understand. 6. I've enclosed an invoice together with details of how you can pay.

EXERCISE 3 1. The woman shot her husband with a shotgun. 2. The film was made with a friend's video camera. 3. Socrates killed himself by drinking poison. 4. The police caught the men by bugging their telephone. 5. The vandals set the car on fire with petrol. 6. The boy's life was saved by his best friend.

B 1. A pipette is used/or measuring liquid. 2. Doctors use stethoscopes. They're used/or checking a patient's health. 3. A calculator is used for adding up lots of large numbers. 4. This is called a compass. It's used/or drawing circles. 5. This is used for squeezing the juice out of oranges. 6. This key is used/or typing capital letters.

XERCISES 1. A B 2. A B 3. A B 4. A B 5. A B

keep warm warmth get rich the money help her relax relaxation speak to you you swimming a swim

"" EXERCISE 1 1. Lee and Kim are good friends of mine. 2. Lee's party was on the top floor o/that building. 3. Most of the people at the party were Kim's friends. 4. None of Lee's friends went. 5. All of them were nice. 6. Kim missed the end of the party as she had to leave early. 7. Only a few of Kim's friends play basketball. 8. Neither of Lee's parents are blond. 9. Lee hasn't got a car of her own. She has to borrow her father's. 10. Kim's grandparents got married on the 25th of March 1957.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

It's in front o/you! I'd like tea without sugar. Let's have our meeting before lunch. It's twenty-five to six. The old woman got off the bus. Harry got into the taxi. Maria walked out o/the room. The children cycled down the hill. We walked down to the first floor. The birds flew over the bridge. The town is situated below sea level. Before eating breakfast she went for a walk. She's walking away from the market. My tools were on top of the car. I'm against increasing taxes.

EXERCISE 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

until Before along at after on down

"""""EXERCISES

like as as like like as as as like like

1. ofllike 2. ot7as 3 of7as/like 1. PC Bill Smith is on the left. Andy is in the middle. Bob is on the right.

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

EXERCISE

1. since 2. for/ago 3. for/since/ago

EXERCISE 4 1. Inflation has gone up from 8 to 9 per cent. 2. I haven't seen Bill/or a long time. 3. Brighton is around/about an hour from London by train. 4. The people in the flat above us are very noisy. 5. They live on/at the corner of Main Street. 6. Your photos will be ready in two day's time.

EXERCISE 5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

on Before on on in In up down past

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

out of in from to round/around on/along to over on

Las preposiciones listadas a continuation estan todas descritas en las unidades del libro. Los numeros de referencia, 1.1,1.2, etc., se refieren a las secciones de las unidades. La letra 'S' significa que los detalles de la preposition se incluyen en el sumario (summary), paginas 56-66. Por ejemplo la entrada about 10.2 • S significa que la informacion sobre la preposicion about se puede encontrar en la section 10.2 y tambien en el sumario. about above across after against ago along among around as as from as of at away from before behind below beside between beyond by down during for from in

in front of

10.2 • S 4.3 - S 5.1 • 7.2 .S 10.1 - S 4.8 - S 9.1 7.1 - S 4.7 - S 5.1 - 7 . 8 - 10.2 - S 15.3 • S 10.6 10.6 1.2 -1.4 -2.1 -2.3-4 -4.9-105.2 -5.6 -8. 1-2 -8.5-6 • 11.5-7 - S 6.1 10.1 - S 4.6 - S 4.3 - S 4.4 - S 4.7 - S 4.6 - S 4.4 -10.8 -10.10 -12.1-2 • 13.1-3 - S 5.1 • 7.7 • S 9.2-3 9. 1-2- 14. 1-5 - S 6.1- 10.5-6 - S 1.2 -1.4 -2.1 -2.3 - 3 . 1 3.3 • 4.9-10 • 5.2 • 5.6 • 6.2 • 8.3 • 8.5-7 • 9.2 • 10.7 • 11. 1-4- 12.2-3 - S 4.5 - S

inside into like near next to of off on on top of onto opposite out of outside over past round since through throughout to

towards under underneath until up while with within without

4.2 - S 5.1 - 6 . 2 - 12.3 - S 15.3 - S 4.4 - S 4.4 - S 15.1-2 - S 6.3 - S 1.3 -2.2 -3.2-4 -4.11 • 4.9-10 6.2-8.4-5-8.7-11..8-11 • 12. 1-3 - S 4.1 5.1 - 6 . 2 - 12.3 - S 4.5 - S 5.1 • 6.3 - S 4.2 - S 4.3 • 7.3 • S 7.5 • 10.3 5.1 • 7.8 - S 9.1 - S 5.1 • 7.6 • S 10.9 • S 5.2-4 -5.6-7 - 6 . 1 - 10.310.5 • 14.2 • 14.5 • S 5.1 • 6.1 - S 4.3 • 7.4 • S 4.3 10.4-5 • 10.8 • S 5.1 • 7.7 • S 9.3 13.3-5 • S 10.7 S

FONDO EDITORIAL STANLEY INGLES

ESPANOL

FRANCES

3000 TESTS ELEMENTARY LEVEL

TESTS ESPANOL

1000 TESTS EN FRANCAIS

KEYS 3000 TESTS

• NIVELES 1,2, 3,4 Y5

• NIVELES 1, 2, 3, 4 Y 5

2000 TESTS ADVANCED LEVEL

CLAVES TESTS ESPANOL

CLES POUR LES TESTS EN FRANCAIS

KEYS 2000 TESTS

CRUCIGRAMAS DIDACTICOS

TRADUIRE AUJOURD'HUI

1500 STRUCTURED TESTS • NIVELES 1, 2 Y 3

KEYS 1500 STRUCTURED TESTS 2000 BILINGUAL PHRASES • PRASES BILINGOES • NIVELES 1, 2, 3, 4 Y 5 TRANSLATIONS • TRADUCCIONES

• NIVELES 1, 2 Y 3

• NIVELES 1, 2 Y 3

NOUVEAU GUIDE DE CORRESPONDANCE

DICTADOS EN ESPANOL

COMMERCIALE

• NIVELES A, B Y C

MOTS CROISES • NIVEL 1

GRAMATICA ESPANOLA EN MARCHA

MON BILAN GRAMMATICAL

CLAVES GRAMATICA ESPANOLA

DICTEES EN FRANCAIS

LOS VERBOS ESPANOLES

• NIVELES 1-A, 1-B Y 1-C

• NIVELES 1, 2, 3 Y 4

FILL IN THE GAPS • NIVELES 1, 2 Y 3 KEYS FILL IN THE GAPS DIDACTIC CROSSWORDS NIVEL 1 (EDICI6N FOTOCOPIABLE) GUIDE TO PHRASAL VERBS EXERCISES - GUIDE TO PHRASAL VERBS ENGLISH GRAMMAR

DIFERENCIAS ENTRE SER 0 ESTAR

ENTRAlNEZ-VOUS AUX VERBES FRANCAIS - LIVRE DU PROFESSEUR

CLAVES DIFERENCIAS SER 0 ESTAR

ENTRAINEZ-VOUS AUX VERBES FRANCAIS - ELEVE

LECTURAS GRADUADAS EN ESPANOL

ENTRAlNEZ-VOUS AUX VERBES FRANCAIS - CAHIER D'ACTIVITES

NIVEL o LA FAMILIA PEREZ iQUIEN SABE?

LECTURAS GRADUADAS EN FRANCES

LACLASEDEYOGA

• NIVELES 1, 2, 3 Y4

KEYS ENGLISH GRAMMAR GUIDE TO PREPOSITIONS ENGLISH TO SPANISH USING PREPOSITIONS ENGLISH VERBS ONE BY ONE IRREGULAR VERBS AND MODALS

NIVEL 1 LA ISLA MISTERIOSA

NIVEL 0

20.000 LEGUAS VIAJE SUBMARINO EL CONDE DE MONTECRISTO

QUI SAIT? NIVEL 1 L'lLE MYSTERIEUSE

DON QUIJOTE DE LA MANCHA

20.000 LIEUES SOUS LES MERS

NIVEL 2 LOS TRES MOSQUETEROS UNCAPITANDE15ANOS

LAFAMILLELENOIR

LE COMTE DE MONTE-CRISTO NIVEL 2 LES TROIS MOUSQUETAIRES

MY ENGLISH TELLTALE MIGUEL STROGOFF

UN CAPITAINE DE QUINZE ANS

URDANETA. EL TORNAVIAJE

MICHEL STROGOFF

DICTATIONS IN ENGLISH • NIVELES 1 Y 2

CONVERSATION IN ACTION NEW GUIDE TO BUSINESS LETTERS

GUIAS PARA VIA JAR

A TO ZED, A TO ZEE A GUIDE TO THE

GUiA DEL VIAJERO

ESPANOL-INGLES

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH

GUiA DEL VIAJERO ESPANOL-FRANCES

EVERYDAY IDIOMS IN BUSINESS

GUiA DEL VIAJERO ESPANOL-ALEMAN

EL INGLES PROHIBIDO

GUiA DEL VIAJERO ESPANOL-ITALIANO

FALSOS AMIGOS-FALSE FRIENDS

GUiA DEL VIAJERO ESPANOL-PORTUGUES

FRONT LINE ENGLISH

GUiA DEL VIAJERO ESPANOL-INGLES (USA)

GRAMMAR SERIES:

GUiA DE CONVERSACION FRANCES-ESPANOL - L'ESPAGNE EN PARLANT

MODAL VERBS G U i A D E CONVERSACION

INGLES-ESPANOL

PREPOSITIONS GUiA DE CONVERSACION ALEMAN-ESPANOL PHRASAL VERBS REPORTED SPEECH

GUiA DE CONVERSACION

ITALIANO-ESPANOL

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