Piers Plowman Glossary: Will's Visions of Piers Plowman, Do-Well, Do-Better and Do-Best (A Glossary of the English Vocabulary of the A, B, and C Versions)

PIERS PLOWMAN: THE THREE VERSIONS General Editor GEORGE KANE The p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s volume was made pos...

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PIERS PLOWMAN: THE THREE VERSIONS General Editor GEORGE KANE

The p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s volume was made possible by a g r a n t from the N a t i o n a l Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this p u b l i c a t i o n do not n e c e s s a r i l y reflect those of the National E n d o w m e n t for the Humanities.

PIERS PLOWMAN: GLOSSARY

WILL'S VISIONS OF PIERS PLOWMAN, DO-WELL, DOBETTER AND DO-BEST A G L O S S A R Y OF THE E N G L I S H V O C A B U L A R Y OF THE A, B, AND C V E R S I O N S AS PRESENTED IN THE A T H L O N E E D I T I O N S

BY

GEORGE KANE

Ai continuum • W L O N D O N

•

NEW YORK

Continuum The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE17NX

15 East 26th Street, New York, NY 10010

© George Kane, 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Langland, William Piers Plowman. (Piers Plowman: the three versions). Will's Visions of Piers Plowman, Do-wel, Do-better and Do-best: A glossary of the English vocabulary of the A, B, and C versions as presented in the Athlone editions. 1. Title II. Kane, George. III. Series ISBN 0 8264 8602 9 HB Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Langland, William, 13307-1400? [Piers the Plowman] Will's visions of Piers Plowman, do-wel, do-better and do-best / glossary by George Kane p.

cm.— (Piers Plowman - the three versions)

"At head of title: Piers Plowman: Glossary, " "A glossary of the English vocabulary of the A, B, and C versions as presented in the Athlone editions. " ISBN 0 8264 8602 9 HB 1. Langland, William, 13307-1400? Piers the Plowman-Glossary. 2.English language—Middle English, 1100-1500—Lexicology, Glossaries, etc. 3. English language—Middle English, 1100-1500— Etymology. 4. Christian Poetry, English (Middle)-Language, style. 5. Christian Poetry, English (Middle). 6. Civilization, Medieval-Poetry. I. Kane, George, 1916-. II. Series: Langland, William, 13307-1400? Piers the Plowman (Three Versions)

Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall

CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

vii

INTRODUCTION

The Glossary as an Undertaking Choosing Instances

ix x

Arrangement

xi

Etymologies

xii

Abbreviations

xiii

GLOSSARY

1

v

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The production of this glossary was handsomely funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities for the two years 1987-1989. Of these I spent the first as N.E.H. Fellow at the National Humanities Center in the Research Triangle of North Carolina. I am deeply obliged to the Endowment for its generous support and to the Center and its officers for a year in an agreeable setting among stimulating company and for the use of its excellent library service and support facilities. I am further deeply obliged to the officers of the Endowment for their ready and sympathetic understanding when early in 1991 it became apparent that if the glossary was ever to be finished I must first turn my hand, for almost seven years as it proved, to other activity. Of personal obligations my greatest is to Professor Joseph S. Wittig who, throughout the preparation of this glossary, has put his time and his computer expertise at my disposal to an extent far beyond the call of friendship. At the outset he made the project feasible by reducing some 150,000 words into what became 5,000 odd headwords, and contributed to it by rewarding discussion while I arranged those headwords in lexicographical sequence. More recently by arcane methods that I do not pretend to understand he transferred the provisional first-draft glossary text from 1991 vintage Microsoft Word files into files with not merely the requisite peculiars but also the various typefaces appropriate to a glossary. Beginning in June 2002 he provided as required copies of the draft glossary in this new format for me to enter in longhand my revisions and corrections accumulated over the years, and then files for the entry of these into what became the glossary's unchecked draft final form. For a week in the summer of 2004 he worked so-to-speak side by side with me counterchecking my list of corrections to that draft. After supervising the insertions of these into its text he set up the resulting glossary in page format as camera-ready copy. For indispensable help at the first stage I am obliged to Mrs Cheryl Baxley, who put my original longhand glossary of B words into files as I produced it and, that completed, added to it, again from longhand, the A and C components of the consolidated glossary. For equally indispensable help at the last stage I am once more indebted to Dr Venetia Somerset, who entered my longhand corrections and last-minute revisions in the files prepared for that purpose. The material of this glossary is resistant to uniform presentation: Dr

Somerset deserves a good part of the credit for such system as it has. Ms. Mary Raschko, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, very efficiently entered the final corrections. It goes without saying that for any surviving errors of reference the blame is mine. Beyond these specific personal obligations I am sensible of a general debt. It begins with Dr Walter Skeat from whose Glossarial Index of the three versions all subsequent attempts upon the language of Piers Plowman including this present one are descended. After him I name in a group the authors of the many erudite publications about the poem since the 1950s when the bickering about authorship had subsided. At one time or another I have read most of them to my advantage. Among reference books I single out John Alford's invaluable Piers Plowman: A Glossary of Legal Diction, which has brilliantly clarified the milieu and action of Passus II, III and IV in all three versions and their development in the course of the poet's revisions. As for the Middle English Dictionary and the AngloNorman Dictionary, it is hard to remember how insecure one felt without them. With its wealth of instances MED has dismissed all excuses for the 'best-guess' glossing of Middle English texts; the editors of AND have put an end to some mistaken notions about the Middle English language and English post-Conquest culture. GEORGE KANE

viii

INTRODUCTION THE GLOSSARY AS AN UNDERTAKING The purpose of this glossary is to identify the contextual meaning or meanings of each English word or word used as if English in the three forms of Piers Plowman of the Athlone editions, and to illustrate these meanings by references to the texts. That illustration is complicated by several features of the material. The immediate one is the morphological and orthographic variety of the language of the texts, a consequence of the very different circumstances of their preservation. The language of A, the earliest form, in a manuscript copied about 1400 in a good anglicana formata hand with a London look, exhibits a variety of dialect features reflecting a succession of copyings by various scribes over almost 30 years. The second form, B, in London English of about 1400, was copied or overseen by an evident stickler for such grammatical inflexion as was still in good usage in his time. The third, or C form, is in the very distinctive dialect of S. W. Worcestershire. The striking mixture of forms and spellings created by this situation is necessarily a consideration in the choice of examples. Another complication arises from the grammar of the poet's style. The generically defining feature of his verse system, alliteration in conventional positions, twice before and once following a grammatically or rhetorically tolerable caesura, results in his quite often departing from customary prose order. At the same time a primary convention of his genre, the dream-vision, postulates a first-person narrator, a speaking voice, performance rhythm. Where his sense is at all complex, his language satisfying those two conventional requirements often demands a reader's close attention, in particular to the syntax on which his discourse is based and to which it answers. Beyond that at times it appears that the poet is deliberately exploiting this tension. Between them the linguistic variety of the texts and their author's manner of proceeding can obscure that syntax and so add to the lexicographer's responsibilities. But the most challenging feature of his undertaking is the undebatable remoteness of the substance of the poem, an intellectually honest man's response to the major religious, thus cultural and in our language social crisis of his time, of a nature quite alien to the libertarian world of today. Many of the terms in which he represents

that crisis and his reactions to it, to the extent that they are at all meaningful nowadays, are bound to differ in precise denotation, let alone connotation, from their modern descendants. Thus, for instance, charite, conscience, leaute, pardon, reson, treuthe, along with many others, demand special attention if that remoteness is to be reduced. CHOOSING INSTANCES Nouns are defined in terms of their immediate contextual sense, taking the tone and register of that context into account. Wherever there might seem any question or debate decision is made after consideration of the evidence afforded in MED. When a noun has more than one main meaning each is severally identified and illustrated. When the headword for a verb is its infinitive that form carries the sense, which is not repeated for other parts of the verb as long as it is apt. But shades of meaning among the instances are separately illustrated. If a word has more than one main meaning each is separately treated. Modal verbs, sometimes miscalled auxiliary, can, may, shall and will in particular, as main vectors of meaning in Middle English receive extended treatment. This is intended both to counteract the tendency to treat them as mere markers of tense or mood, and because their morphology in the three texts is by no means always clear or consistent. Adjectives denoting certain qualities such as true, false, fair, foul, good, evil, and adverbs of degree are illustrated by instances chosen to illustrate the wide variety of contextual meanings they can carry. Conjunctions receive similar treatment, in their case designed to illustrate their function of maintaining the flow of relevance while indicating the register and tone likely to be adopted by the speaker of the poem reading 'his' work aloud. Prepositions with a few exceptions can differ considerably in meaning from their modern descendants; this has been illustrated at some length. In the case of a number of prepositional phrases where the expression and some of its senses have survived into modern usage illustration is generally limited to the meanings no longer current. Tropes are a special case. Personification is identified where a physical or spatial attribute, state of mind or action or a combination of these is reported of an abstraction. It becomes difficult in particular instances such as Charity and Conscience and Meed, which vary in precise sense from context to context. In such cases X

the likely immediate sense is given with instances. Metonymy and synecdoche, by their frequency reflecting the poet's reading of thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century devotional verse and estates satire, are labelled as such only in what seemed the more difficult cases; otherwise their tropic character is signalled by 'fig'. The poet is rhetorically sophisticated: what the glossary calls 'double modification' in the entry for rauysshed was classically labelled a stylish form of zeugma. As a practical consideration, because a user of this glossary will not necessarily have the other two forms of the poem to hand as he reads, examples of a meaning are given from all the versions where this occurs. ARRANGEMENT The sequence of entries departs from that of the modern alphabet in some accommodations to the spelling of the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century scribes. These have to do with the following letters. The letter i is often used initially to represent the sound we give to j and g before e and i. When it has that value at the beginning of a word scribes often write it as a 'long i'. The glossary treats it as j in these instances. In the proximity of n or m or u with a vowel value scribes often used y in its place, to set it apart from the minims used to form those three letters. So used y is treated like i in the serial order. The letter y is almost always used for i as the perfective prefix of a past participle. The letter u and v cause no difficulty in the initial position, where u is not used in our manuscripts with consonant value; v, however, is invariably used with vowel value initially before n, and sometimes before m. In such use it is treated as u in the sequence. The letter u, however, after a stressed syllable, can have the value we give it, or that of v, or that of w. The difficulties produced by the resulting homographs already troubled the scribes, and have had to be resolved by the combined resources of context and etymology. Luckily not many words are in question and they are close together. In the initial position, y (except in past participles) and 3 have the value of y, and as such are treated as the same letter; medially before a stressed syllable the same applies. Our scribes did not distinguish between 3 and z. Medially and terminally 3 very occasionally appears with the value of voiced s. Medially 3 may have the value of 'gh' (as in riji) and is then treated as 'gh'. The letter J) is treated in the sequence as equivalent to 'th'. xi

Finally chirche and kirke are glossed together under chirche', gate andjate are glossed together under yate; gyuen andyeuen are glossed together under yeuen. The sequence of reference to illustrations is B, A, C, the A and C references headed appropriately. References to the last two passus of B and C are given as B references from XIX/XXI and XX/XXII. The very rare references to independent variation by C in this part of the text are cited as from that version. Selection of headwords differs with the parts of speech. For a verb the infinitive from B or, failing that, another version, is almost always preferred; failing that a finite form is chosen. With nouns a singular is preferred, with adjectives and adverbs positive rather than comparative or superlative. When a headword appears in other distinctive forms these are usually listed after it. The order of citation for verbs, after arrangement by meanings, is indicative, subjunctive, imperative and participial, and within those categories, where applicable, by tense, person and number. The order of meanings chosen is usually that of immediate importance in the poem, roughly assessed by frequency of occurrence. ETYMOLOGIES Old English etymologies are given in the form most likely to have generated the headword. The etymologies of words of Romance origin are described as Anglo-French, the term preferred by the modern editors of the Anglo-Norman Dictionary. In the case of words of manifestly Romance origin that do not have an antecedent in the AND I have turned to MED. Where such a word is instanced there in a text or texts dated before 1360 I have assumed that it was available to the author of Piers Plowman in an English text or spoken English, while signalling the more speculative instances with an asterisk. Words of Old Scandinavian origin will have come into English usage from the first settlements in the late ninth century onward, while the earliest written records of Old Icelandic date from the eleventh. It is therefore better offered for comparison than as a source of direct descent. Very occasionally MED gives an Old Danish etymon; here I have to assume that its editor had information that I lack. For etymons from Old Irish and the various Germanic languages of the Low Countries and Northwest Germany I am in debt to MED.

xii

ABBREVIATIONS abs(olute accusative adj(ective adju(nct adv(erb/erbial advers(ative AF Anglo-French alliterative app (os ition/ositive art(icle assev(eration attr(ibutive auxiliary caus(ative CF Continental French cl(ause cogn(ate collective colloc(ation colloq(uial comp(arative/arison complement conjunction construction corr (elating/elative cp compare dat(ive definite deg(ree dem (onstrative diminutive dir(ect dis (tingu ish ing distr(ibution/itive EFris East Frisian ellip(sis/tical EME Early Middle English emph (as is/as izing/atic excl(amation expr(essed/esss ing fem(inine fig(urative

following fr(om fut(ure gen(itive gener(ic ger(und imperative impers(onal impl(ied/ying inclusive ind(icative/irect indefinite indicating inf(initive infl(ected/uenced int(ensifier interrogative intr(ansitive Intro (ducing/ductory L Latin limitation/iting WE Late Old English masc(uline MDu Middle Dutch ME Middle English me ton (y my ML Medieval Latin MLG Middle Low German modifying n(oun neg(ation/ative neut(er nom(inative num(eral obj(ect/ective ODan Old Danish OE Old English OFris Old Frisian OI Old Icelandic Olr Old Irish OSc Old Scandinavian Xlll

particularizing pa(st pers(on/onification/ onified phr(ase pl(ural poss(essive postpositive pp past participle pr(esent preceding pred(icate/icative prep(osition prob(ably pron(oun prp present participle q(uestion qual(ity qualif(ication/ying recte correctly red(uced ref(erence/erent refl(exive rel(ative/igious restrictive sbody somebody, someone seq(uence sg singular sthing something subj (ect/ective/ unctive subordinate superlative synec(doche t(ense trans (itive transl(ation/ating unexpr(essed uninfl(ected v(erb w. with wk weak, weakened


PIERS PLOWMAN GLOSSARY


A abeggeth adv. in phr. go(th) ~ live by begging C VIII 138, 245. [ME] abeln. Abel C X 247. abide v. 1. stay, remain II 215, A II 196, C I 133; imp.pl. C X 225; wait patiently XI 378, XX/XXII 46; pr.t.pl XV 313; wait C VIII 287; linger VIII 64, A IX 55, C IV 35. 2. pr.t.Ssg. remain firm in morals A VII 138; prp. as adj. steadfast, perseverant XIX/XXI 294, C XVIII 135. [OE dbidan] abie(n), abuye, abigge(n), abugge(n) v. pay the penalty for, be punished for III 251, A VII 73, C VIII 83; pay for C VIII 41; pa.t.3sg. XII 42, XIII 375, C VI 247, XIII 16; suffer for XVIII 403, C XX 446; pa.t.3sg. IX 146, C X 234; pi. X 286; pp. atoned for, expiated XVIII 388, C XX 430; intr. pay the penalty II 128, VI 166, A VII 151, C II 144; pay w. suffering IX 91, C XVI 221. [OE dbycgan] abyngdoun n. Abingdon in Berkshire X 331. abite v. bite to death, kill XVI 26; fig. pr.t.3sg. C XVIII 32; pi. XVI 26. [OE dbitan] ablende v. overpower w. brilliance XVIII 137, C XX 140; pa.t.3sg. dazzled XVIII 325, C XX 368. [OE dblendan] ablyndej) v. pr.t.3sg. deprives of sight X 270. [OEdblindan] abostede v. pa.t.Bsg. spoke insolently to C VIII 152. [? error for a bostede] aboute adv. 1. of location around V 518, A VI 6, C VII 163; ofdistr. on all sides II 225, A II 184, C II 235; everywhere I 92, A II 17, C I 88; here and there XV 329, C XVI 338; around VII 145, A XII 61, C IX 294; in every direction XX/ XXII 164, C XIII 134; in all regions C IX 153. 2. of motion about, around, from place to place Pr 29, 151, II 177, A Pr 40, VII 286, C IX 107, XVII 279; in all directions VIII 40, A IX 36, C X 46; from all sides A II 43; bynde ~ reenforce w. tie-beams VII 28, A VIII 30; comeb ~ comes to be IX 208, A X 217. [OE onbutan] aboute(n) prep. 1. of location around Pr 161, XIX 362, C Pr 184; post. V 586, A VI 73; round about II 62, A VII 161,

a pron. masc.sg. he C Pr 72, 173, II 100; such a one C II 108, III 486, XVI 146; each one, each man C III 89. [OE he red.] apron, fern.sg. she C II 17, 149, 254, III 115, 180, V 135, VI 225. [OE heo red.] a num.adj. one, one single Pr 192, III 145, V421, XV 166, XVI 222, XX 312, A I 99, IV 142, VI 118, X I , C VI 336, VIII 35, XX 41; one particular, a certain XV 397, XVIII 194, C XI 69, XVII 105. [OE an red.] aexcl.: in address 143, XVII 127, A I 41, C I 41, IV 164; in admiration XIII 448, C VII 108; intro. a heraldic identification XVIII 15, C X X 1 3 . [AF] a(n) indef. art. Pr 1, 2, 3 A Pr 6, 8, C Pr 8, 15; ech~ every Pr51, 208, C VI 245, 1X116. [OEan] a(n)prep. on 190, XII 202, XVI 172, A IV 32, C II 58, XV 19; in XIII 401, A VIII 115, C IX 154, 282, XIX 98; ~ auenture lest by chance III 66, VI 42, A III 259; ~ day the following day VI 308, AV11292, C VIII 330; ~ fyndyng endowed XX/XXII 383; ~ hei3 high above Pr 128, XIX 191, C V 186; up Pr 13, A P r l 3 ; into a pulpit XI 107, C XII 41; in a loud voice XV 559, C XVII 222; tall, in command C VI 124; ~ helyng recovering XVII 118; ~ lechyng in the physician's care C XIX 75; ~ rebukyng reproachfully XII 218; ~ three in the form of three men C XVIII 241; -to in two CXX61. [OE on] Aaron n. Aaron (Exod. 4.10) A III 243. abasshed, abashet;?;?. afraid X 292, C VI 17; anxious, apprehensive C XV 162; embarrassed, ashamed XX 48, C IX 86. [AF abasser] abate v. trans, reduce XII 59; prevent swelling (caused by a diet of) A VII 169. [AF abatre] abaue v. imp.sg. abash, subdue, keep in check VI 215, A VII 201, C VIII 225. [CF abaubir] abbesse n. superior of a convent of nuns V 153, C V 176, fig. VII 138, A VIII 120. [AF abesse] abbot n. abbot X 331, C V 176. [OE abbod] a b e alphabet VII 138, A VIII 120. abeddeac/v. in bed V410, A X 190, C VI 44; to bed V 388 [ME] 3

aboute(n) - ac(c)ounte

Glossary

C VI 180; hath ~ hym carries on his person CXV 162. 2. of time roundabout V 492, C VII 132. 3. concerning; w., about 16, VII 123, A VIII 112, C XIII 226. [fr. prec.] aboute adj. 1. concerned, busy IV 81, XVIII 305, A IV 68, C X 190. 2. post, of location nearby, in the vicinity I 95, V 147, A II 123, C X 266; anywhere VIII 12, A IX 12, CX 12. [as prec.] aboue adv. to a state of bliss C XIII 22. [OE abufan] aboue adj. 1. of location higher up C XVIII 86; on top V 194, XIX/XXI 280. 2. of rank at the head XV 441; fig. at the head of XIX/XXI 470. [as prec.] aboue(n) prep. 1. of location above XI 357, C XIII 166. 2. of authority, ascendancy above VIII 96, XI 219, XIV 290, A IX 86, C XII 74; of degree beyond, more than X 361, C XVI 34, XIX 102. [as prec.] aboute see ABIE(N). abraham n. the patriarch (Gen. 17) XVI 81, C VIII 281. abrede in phr. in breadth C III 260. [OE onbrede] abribeth adv. thieving C VIII 245. [ME: cp. AF bribour] abrood, abroed adv. 1. out and about II 177; yeden ~ spread over the earth XIV 61, C XV 260. 2. fig. abundantly V 141. 3. vnlouke ~ spread, stretch out C 1X43. [ME] absences absence XIX/XXI 124. [AF] absoloun n. Absolon (2 Sam. 3) C III 408. absolucion n. remission of sin VII 64, A VIII 66. [AF] abstinence n. pers. frugality, moderation in eating and drinking V 620, VII 138, A VI 106, VIII 120, C VII 272; observance of the rules of fasting V 383, AV211, C VI 440. [cp. AF abstiner] ac conj. 1. simply advers. but Pr 13, III 64, A III 57, VIII 134, C III 500, VII 32; in, by contrast III 186, IV 36, A VII 300, X 71, C I 125, III 258; on the contrary III 291, 1X178, A VIII 49, XI 77, C IV 55, X 262; whereas, on the other hand VI 218, XIII 60, A Pr 35, I 119, C IX 98, 252. 2. w. modal quality however Pr 176, IV 32, A III 97, V 142, C II 248, VIII 308; nevertheless IV 81, V463, A III 76, VII 188, C Pr 101, V

94. 3. imp.Urn. but V 22, VII 19, A I 25, VII 135, C XII 133, XIV 135; qualif. Pr 107, I 25, A Pr 35, 87, C II 67, III 291. 4. intro. new topic however 144, XII 214, XIII 131, A VII 188, C VII 69, XIII 1, XIV 166; now XV 579. 5. intro. reenforcing consideration moreover Pr81, II 234, III 11, A IX 18, X66, 95, CPr62, 78, V 90; and indeed Pr5, IV 136, VI 321, A VI 110, X 10, C VIII 51, XI 66, XVII 293. 6. corr. ~ ... ~ however ... but XII 59, 60; by contrast ... moreover XIII 40-41; however ... by contrast XIV 73, 75; but ...indeed XV 227, 228; by contrast ... all the more XVIII 375, 377, C XX 417, 419. [OEflc] acale adj. cold XVIII 394, C XX 437. [OEdcol pp.] accidie n. in phr. hadde an ~ was overcome by a fit of lethargy V 359, C VI 417. [AF] accuseb v. pr.t.Ssg. impugns, charges w. offence III 174, A III 161, C III 220; pa.t.3sg. CPr95, II248. [AF accuser] acloye v. pr.subj.pl. maim, disable C XX 294. [AF endoyer. cp. CF endore] acombre v. burden, oppress II 51; pr.t.pl XII55.CXIV 17; imp.sg. C II 54; pp. I 196, A I 177, C I 198; defeat, overcome XIX/XXI 220; pp. I 32, C I 31. [AF acombrer] acordaunce n. grammatical agreement, concord C III 337, 395. [AF] acorden v. 1. agree, come to terms III 218, AV177, C VI 386; of an arranged marriage IX 118; be reconciled XX/XXII 353; pr.t.pl. XVII 309, C XIX 289. 2. be of one mind, agree XIII 122, C V 183; pr.t.Ssg. IV 91, A IV 78, C VIII 242; pi. C III 472; pa.t.Ssg. IV 158, XX/XXII 303, A IV 144; pi. XVIII 234, C XX 243; pr.subj.pl. (of law) reach agreement, settlement C III 393; trans, pr. subj. sg. A X 88. 3. approve, assent III 319; pa.t.Ssg. -til CXI 310; trans. pa.t.3sg. approved of XI 43. 5. of grammatical concord agree Jig. C III 372; pr.t.Ssg. C III 362, fig. C III 356. [AF acorder] acorse see ACURSEI>. acountable adj. responsible C XIII 67. [AF acomptable, acounte} ac(c)ounte n. calculation, audit C XIII 35; 4

Glossary assessment of taxes or dues XIX/XXI 462; pi. accounts, financial statements V 427, C VIII 40; the Exchequer A Pr 91; pi. fig. moral reckoning VII 194, A VIII 172, C IX 340; time of accounting, judgement at death VI 89, A VII 81, C VIII 98. [AF] acounten v. 1. hold a reckoning, assessment IV 11, XI 132, C VII 33; submit an account, be accountable C XI 297. 2. set store by, value XI 16; pr.t.3sg. C III 393; pi. C VIII 159; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 412; pp. ~ for judged to be C IX 240; pr.t.pl. take account of, respect C X 96. [AF acounter] acouped v. pa.t.3sg. reproached XIII 458. [AF acouper] acquitaunce n. document of release XIV 190. [AF] acre, aker, akir n. in phr. half~ Piers's holding VI 4, A VII 98, C VIII 2; holding C VI 267. [OE <ecer} actif adj. engaged in worldly activity, active VI 249, A VII 233; busy, diligent XIII 272; pers. as proper n. XIII 238, C VII 299; sire ~ C XV 232; the adjective 'active'XIII 225. [AF] action n. 1. cause or ground for a lawsuit C I 94. 2. pi. acts, deeds C V 196. [AF acciori] acursej) v. pr.t.Ssg. condemns, anathemizes XVIII 107; pa.t.Ssg. C XVIII 222; pr.subj.sg. consign to perdition Pr 99, C Pr 127; pp. A X 155; pp. execrable XV 413; reviled XVIII 93, C XXII 263. [cp. OE cursian] aday adv. one day C I 27. [ME] adayes adv. from day to day XV 283. [ME] adam n. the first man 165, A I 63, CI61. addre, addere n. serpent XVIII 335, 354, C XX 315, 326, 378. [OE rueddre] See NEDDRES.

adiectyff?. adjective C III 336. [AF] ado n. in phr. litel ~ no business, no good reason C V 163. [EME at do] adoun adv. down IV 92, A V 7, 98, C Pr 64. [OEddun] adrad pp. adj. afraid XIX/XXI 21, 305. [OE ddrd?dari\ adrencheth, adreynten v. pr.t.pl. die by drowning C X 163; pa.t.pl. X 414; pp. destroyed by the deluge C X 245. 2.

ac(c)ounte - after drugged, stupified XX/XXII 377. [OE ddrencan} afeld adv. afield, onto the field IV 147, A IV 130, CVIII 198. [ME] afere v. strike fear into XX/XXII 166; pr.t.Bsg. terrifies XVIII 430, C XX 474; pp. in awe of I 10, X 452, A I 10 C I 10; afraid IV 63, C VIII 179; apprehensive, anxious XI 63, XV 385. [OEdferan] aferes n. pi. manners, ways C VI 152. [AF afere] affaitenv. subdue V 66, A V 49, C VI 7; pr.t.pl. train, teach XI 384; imp.sg. C VIII 30; pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ from disposes against XIV 299. [AFafaiter} affiaunce n. assurance, confidence XVI 238, C XVIII 254. [AF] affrayned v. pa.t.sg. asked XVI 274 [ME: cp.frayned] afyngred/?/?. adj. hungry X 60, A XII 59, CXI48. [OE ofhyngrod] afore adv. in advance XIV 134. [OE on foran] afore prep, in front of, before V 12; in the sight of XII 79. [fr. prec.] afrounted v. pa.t.Bsg. abused, vilified XX/XXII 5. [AF afrounter] after adv. 1. of location behind, in train, after Pr 54, XIII 34, A V 157, C II 192, 200; in pursuit XVII 62, 83, C XV 150, XIX 80. 2. of time then, thereupon, subsequently II 192, V 186, A I 66, II 153, C Pr 16, III 103, VIII 3; thenceforward, thereafter Pr 49, V 116, 251, XIII 3, A VIII 4, X 151, C III 250, 340, 443, VI 252; presently, in due course Pr 218, III 314, VII 163, A Pr 97, C IX 182, XII 68, 203; a second time A VIII 32; anoon ~ immediately XI 46, C XII 3; so muchel ~ such great consequences Pr 202, C Pr 210. 3. of sequence in turn, next II 102, V 321, VII 139, A XI 67, 245, C VI 71, XI 116, XII 145. 4. of conformity accordingly 1146, A I 134, C III 342. 5. Indus, to boot, as well II 134, III 46, 262, X128, 385, A III 241, XI 221, CX 193, XIII 14, XV 167. [OE after] after prep. 1. of time after 1129, V 453, A V 2 0 1 , C II 109. 2. of order or rank next after 1112, 1X60, A I 110. 3. of conformity or accordance like II 27, IX 155, XV 416, XVII 140, C II 27; in

after - ale

Glossary

accordance w. XII 188, XIV 60, XVII 18, A XII 94, C VIII 90, XVII 160; according to the teaching of XII 183, C XIV 123; in compliance w. X 156, A XI 108; according to XIX/XXI 352, C IX 110; in keeping w. Ill 318, XIX/XXI 123, C III 471; by XIX/XXI 398; is to mene ~ derives from XV 459. 4. indie, obj. ofv. for I 193, III 101, V 75, A VII 280, C II 80, III 249, VIII 278; about V 536, A VI 24, C VII 181; to, for III 71, VI 172, XI 342, A III 62, C VIII 168; ellip. XX/XXII 183; toward XII 180, C Pr 14; at XVI 87, C XVIII 119; of XIII 184; Menynge (as) ~ intent on XV 405, 475. [asprec.] afterward(es), aftirward, afturward adv. afterwards XVI 228, A XI 181, C I 64; then IV 171, A XI 171; next XVII 131, C XVII 63. [OE tefterweard] afuyre adj. on fire C VII 52; burning C XVI 180. [ME] afurst, aprest pp. adj. thirsty X 60, A XII 82, CIX85, XX 437. [OE ofyyrstpp.] agag n. Agag (1 Sam. 15) III 262, A III 241, CIII 415. agast pp. adj. afraid XIX/XXI 299; dismayed XIII 267; ~ for to in fear of II 214, A II 173, C II 224. [fr. v.] agastep v. pr.t.Ssg. frightens off, subdues XIV 281. [ME: cp. OE gestan] age«. age XII 7, C XVIII 245; inphr. of twelf wynter ~ twelve years old V 195, A V 111, C VI 203; of ~ mature XX/XXII 159, C X 249; fig. old age XX/XXII 189. [AF] aglotye v. feed sufficiently C IX 76. [AF glutir, englutir] ago pp. past, ago XVIII 274. [OE dgdn] ague, aguwe n. violent fever, illness accompanied by fever XIII 335, C VI 79; pi. XX/XXII 84. [AF] agulte(n) v. 1. transgress, do wrong XV 309, C XVII 44. 2. tr. offend by sin XIV 8, XV 392, C VI 17; pa.t.lsg. XVII 300, C XIX 280. [OEagyltan] ay adv. 1. always, at all times VIII 48, A IX 44, C VIII 218; constantly X 32, A XI 24, C V 95, XVII 146; eternally IX 49, A X 37, C XVIII 232. 2. progressively XVIII 362, C III 137, XIII 4. [OSc.: cp. OI ei\ aiels n. grandfathers, ancestors XV 323. [AF]

aysches n. pi. ashes C III 126. [OE <esce\ aipesw. harrows XIX/XXI 273. [OE egpe] akep v. pr.t.Ssg. aches VI 256, A VII 240; pa.subj.pl pained me XVII 197, C XIX 163. [OEacan] aknowe v. pp. perceived, known C IX 86. [OE oncndwan] al, all, alle adj. 1. w. sg. n. the entire amount, all, all of Pr 177, 231, A II 24, 61, CPr20, 100; of time the whole (of) Pr49, II 94, VI 256, A V 212, C I 75, III 41, V 101. 2. the entire number (of a group or class), all P r l l 9 , 175, 186, A Pr 55, II 11, 65, C II 122, 201; separative sg. every XX/XXII 151, A X 201. 3. post. mod. pron. Pr 70, 153, I 14, A I 52, 67, 140, C V 168, VII 250, XI 258, XII 186; gen.pl. oure/youre aller XVI 205, XIX/XXI 471. 4. emph. alle w. sg. n. XIII 143, XIV 303, XVII 307, CIII 386, VI 13, XVII 141; ouereverywhere II 221. [OE eat] al, all«. each man V 151, 274, XI 138, C II 77, XII 73; all, everything, the whole I 36, II 87, III 269, A V 228, X 34, XI 218, CPr 115, III 351, 354; pi. alle all I 120, 128, II 160, 196, A II 46, VIII 45, X 45, C I 14, 132, V 59; of the Trinity w. sg. v. XVI 224. [as adj.] al adv. entirely, wholly Pr 26, 190, 131, A VII 183, X 179, C VIII 187, XII 50; utterly C III 203, XI 60; quite II 164, C XVI 114; profusely VI 175, XIII 402, A VII 160, C VIII 172; intently X 4, C XI 4; fiercely C V 162; ~ aboute in all regions C IV 183; in all directions C XIII 134; as int. C VI 23, XX 290. [fr. adj.] alay n. base metal used in adulteration XV 349. [AF] alayed pp. fig. mixed w. inferior metal XV 353, C XVII 80. [AFaleier] alarmeejcc/. 'to arms!' XX/XXII 92. [AF] albertes n. Albert's, of Albertus Magnus X217, A XI 160. alday adv. time and again XV 359, C XVII 97. [ME] aldremen n. pi. aldermen, wardens of guilds, borough magistrates C IV 188. [OE aldormon] alen. 1. ale V 177, A V 167, C VI 228; as a usual drink w. food V 437, C IX 156; (a) drinking session(s) Pr 42, V 403, VI 115, A VII 107, X 59, C IX

6

ale - amendement

Glossary

almy3ty, almyhten, almi3t adj. omnipotent, almighty XII 154, C I 111. [OE ealmihtig] almoost, almest adv. nearly, almost IV 174, C III 209. [cp. OE eall(e) mast] aloft(e) adv. up C VI 410; on high C I 113; out of hell XVIII 145, C XX 148; in elevation C XX 44; as adj. in great state C Pr 177; of birds nesting in trees XII 220. [ME: cp. OI a lopt(i)] along adv. in phr. drawe ~ stretch V 208, A V 124, C VI 216. [cp. OE andlang prep.] alonged pp. adj. eager, longing VI 267, A VII 251. [OEoflangod] alose v. praise C XIX 103. [AF aloser] aloud adv. loudly C VI 23; w. a loud voice XIX/XXI 159, C II 134; sternly C XX 360. [ME] alou3, alogh adv. below XII 234; as adj. of birds nesting on the ground XII 220. [ME] also, alse, als adv. 1. intro. likewise, similarly Pr 199, IV 168, XI 310, C V 53, 182; in addition X 166, XIV 3, C I 78, 87; post, as well Pr217, III 72, A Pr 96, V 144, C II 150, IX 77; likewise VI 249, XI 89, A IV 53, VII 141, C XVII 93, XIX 108; similarly XV 266, XVIII 343, C V I 1 1 2 , 1X77. 2. dem. thus 1X179, XI 94, A X 200. 3. corr. as III 331, IV 195, A II 122, XI 95, C XVI 347. [OEealswd] alboii3 conj. even though XII 14; notwithstanding that XVIII 330, C XX 373; granted that XI 259, 270, C II 124. [ME] alwey adv. at all times VIII 24, A IX 20, C X 28; constantly XV 313. [cp. OE ealne weg] am see BEN. amaistren, amaistrye v. get control of II 148, A VII 197, C II 164; persuade, compel C VIII 220; pp. won over II 154, A II 118, C II 170. [AF amaistrer] amalec, amalek, amaleg n. Amalek (1 Sam. 15) III 262, A III 241, C III 415. ambrosen. Ambrose, bishop of Milan XIII 39, CXV44. amendement n. 1. reversal of (an unfavourable) judgement XX/XXII 135. 2. correction C III 122; edification, conversion X 369. 3. atonement and forgiveness CV1 102. [AF]

195. [OEealu] aleggen v. adduce in argument XI 89, C XII 30; pp. A XII 107. [AF aleger] alenghe adv. in phr. ~ and abrede to its full extent, from one end to the other C III 260. [ME: cp. OE andlong, AF en long] aliche adv. equally XVI 57. [OE onllce] aliens, alienes n. pi. foreigners III 211, A III 198, C III 267. [AF] alyhte v. pa.t.Bsg. descended C XI 141. [OE allhtan] aliry adv. in phr. leide hir leg ~ pretended to be malformed or maimed VI 122, A VII 114, C VIII 129. [cp. OE lyre] alisaundre n. Alexander the Great XII 44. alisaundre, alisandre n. Alexandria in Egypt V 528, A VI 16, C XVII 272. alyue adj. alive VIII 116, XX/XXII 110. [ME] alkenamye n. alchemy X 217, A XI 160. [ML alconomia] alias, alas excl. of contrition V 71, A V 54, C VI 170; of regret XV 128, C XVI 274; w. quasi-obj. complement ~ bat IX 66, CXVI 1. [AF] allie n. associate, ally A X 47. [AF] allonea. corsement n. fig. cursing C VI 65. corsynge ger. interdiction, excommunication C VIII 159. [fr. v.] cosyn n. kinsman II 133, A II 97; Jig. cousin X 153, XX/XXII 357, A XI 105, CXI 91; pi kin XII 93. [AF cosin} cost «.(!) way of behaving, natural disposition III 68, C III 72. [OE] cost, coest «.(2) expense XIII 41, C III 373, 385. [AF] 44

costantyn - cours

Glossary

vise, counsel Pr 115, A IV 98, C Pr 142, IV 106; pr.t.lsg. Pr 187, A VIII 179, C Pr 204; 2sg. XIX/XXI 391; 3sg. XIX/XXI 113, A X 97, C VIII 13; pi. VII 155, XIX/XXI 462; pa.t.lsg. Ill 187, A III 174, CIII 233; 2sg. Ill 206, A III 193, C III 242; 3sg. I 66, V 48, A 164, CV180; imp.sg. XX/XXII 207, C VIII 84; pp. C XIV 5; abs. give advice C VI 29. 2. teach, instruct X 223; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 113, A XI 222, C XII 168. [AF counseiller] counte v. 1. value, rate C XI 175; pr.t. Isg. XX/XXII 222; 3sg. C IX 304; pi. XIX/XXI 451; pa.t.lsg. C XI 312; 3sg. A VII 154; pa.t.Bsg. reckoned (sthing) to be XX/XXII 147; pi. XII 138; pr.t.Ssg. ~ 0031 a risshe thinks of no importance III 142, A III 131, C III 180; has no respect (for) XI 430, C XII 197, XIII 237. 2. pr.t.3sg. takes account of, is concerned about XIX/XXI 304; pi. C IX 109, X 258; ~ 110113! is unconcerned XIX/XXI 444. 3. account, hold a reckoning AIV 11. [AF confer] counte(e) n. fig. county II 86, C II 93. [AF] countrepledep v. pr.t.pi. dispute w., oppose XX/XXII 384; imp.sg. XII 98, C VIII 53; dispute, question C Pr 138, VIII 88. [AFcontrepleder] countresegge v. dispute w., disagree w. C XI 222. [ME] coupable adj. guilty XII 88; found guilty XVII 306, C XIX 286. [AF] coupe, cope n. sinfulness, spiritual guilt V 76, A V 59, C VI 327. [AF] couple, copil n. match, union in matrimony IX 165, A X 186; pi. married couples C XVIII 222; pair (of animals) of opposite sex IX 144, A X 175. [AF cuple] couplep v. 1. pr.t.3sg. joins III 165, A III 152; pa.t.pl. IV 149, A IV 132, C IV 146; pa.t.3pl. joined in marriage IX 131, A X 156; pa.subj.pl. A X 158; pp. paired, mated IX 129; pr.subj.sg. associate X 165. 2. pp. leashed in pairs Pr 207; harness, hitch up C II 193. [AF coupler] courrour n. courier, official messenger A XII 84. [CF coreour] cours n. 1. process III 56, C XIII 145; line of action XV 369, C XVII 105. 2. hath his ~ has free rein C XVII 161; ~

costantyn n. the Emperor Constantine X 329, XV 557, C V 175. coste n. La quarter circuit of the compass direction XVIII 113. 2. pi. lands, regions II 86, A IX 12, C X 12. [AF] coste, costed v. pa.t.Bsg. cost XIII 382; pr.subj.sg. C Pr 213; intr. was an expense Pr 204, CPr212. [AF couster] costned v. pa.subj.sg. cost Pr 205. [fr. prec.] cote ».(!) hovel XII 146, C XIV 90; chapun ~ capon shed C VI 136; mean dwelling, cottage C V 2; pi. VIII 16, C IV 123. [OE] coten.(2) tunic, surcoat V 111, XI 285, A V 91, C XVI 301; fig. garment XIII 273. [AF] cote armure n. emblazoned surcoat, tunic of light cloth displaying heraldic arms worn over armour, heraldic bearings XIX/XXI13. [CF] coterelles n. poor cottagers, indigent labourers C IX 97, 194. [AF cotrel] cotep v. pr.t.3sg. provides a tunic for, clothes, III 143, A III 132, C III 181. [fr. n.] cotidian n. intermittent fever, quotidian fever A XII 84. [AF] cou3e see COGHEK coughes, cowhes n. illnesses accompanied by coughing, consumption? XX/XXII 82. [fr. v.] counseil(le), conseil(le) n. 1. meeting, assembly Pr 148, C Pr 169; royal or privy council Pr 144, III 101, A IV 156, C III 152, V 144. 2. advice, counsel VIII 108, 1X117, A X 91, CIII 7, 146; direction XX/XXII 30; teaching VI 314, XV 68, C VI 76; in phr. kynges/his ~ advice given to the king IV 123, C IV 119; permission, sanction XX/XXII 21; by my ~ w. my assent Pr 203, C Pr 211; to ~ as adviser, for consultation X 21, A XI 21, C IV 166; aside for a private word XIII 177, C XV 174. 3. plan, scheme, adopted course of action Pr 180, XVIII 95, C II 122, III 376; lewed ~ haue are ill-advised, misguided XV 322, C XVII 56. 4. private thoughts IV 8, A IV 8, C IV 8; confidential or private matter V 168, 183, XIX/XXI 162, C VI 165; of hisAjour ~ privy w. him/you II 139, A II 103, C XVI 361. [AF] counseille(n), conseille, consayle v. 1. ad45

cours - craft

Glossary

of case development and outcome of a lawsuit C III 389. [AF] court, couert n. 1. enclosed yard, farm courtyard XV 474. 2. great house, castle Pr 149, XIII 23, XX/XXII 344, C Pr 218; pi VIII 15, C X 15; fig. X 168, A XI 120. 3. fig. royal establishment and its members, court Pr 194, A IV 29, C Pr 207; fig. of heaven XV 17, A V I 72, C 1105, III 456. 4. the papal curia P r i l l , CPrl34, XVII 166. 5. court of law III 321, XIX/XXI 304, C III 474; pi II 63, C IV 186; Court of the King's Bench II 191, XV 235, A II 152, C Pr 160, II 22; Court of Common Pleas or county court III 320(2), C II 22(2), XVI 362; manorial court C VII 33; diocesan court in session III 31, A III 30, C III 34; the hostile mob outside Pilate's praetorium (Mk. 15) XVIII 39, CXX38. [AF] courtepy n. short coat, jacket V 79, A V 62; pi short capes VI 188, C VIII 185. [MDu corte pie] coueite(n) v. desire, wish for, want X 343, XV 159; pr.t.lsg. VIII 113, A IX 103, C X 1 0 9 ; 2sg. XI 11, XV 39, A X 101, CXI 107; 3sg. Pr 189, XIII 149, A VIII 51, CIII 255, XII 169; pi III 164, A XII 3, C XVII 228; pa.t.3sg. Ill 273, A III 252, CIII 402; pi. CXV71; pr.subj. sg. C XI 139; imp.sg. A III 248; pi IX 176, A X 197, CX278; pp. XVIII 169, C XX 172; desire sinfully pr.t.3sg. VII 49, CV151; pi Pr29, A XI 210, C IX 194, XIX 185; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 273, A III 252, C XVI 293; pa.subj. sg. XI 125, C XII 60; imp.sg. V 573, A III 248, C VII 220; abs. CXI 18; pr.t.Ssg. is covetous XV 254; fig. in grammatical analogy C III 371, 399; pa.subj.sg. C III 363. [CF coveiter] coueitise n. 1. immoderate desire: for wealth or possessions 1196, III 68, A III 152, C Pr 103, I 67; for something forbidden Pr 61, A II 32, C XIX 269; fig. as a region II 86, A II 62, C II 93; as dirtying a garment XIII 355; as an insect or blight XVI 28, C XVIII 32; as a greedy dove XV 415; as a carding comb X 18, A XI 18, C XI 15; as a smoking fire XVII 348, C XIX 328; pers. the deadly sin of avarice V 188, AV107, C XVI 79; in phr. ~ of ei3es transl. L concupiscentia oculorum XI 14, C XI

191. 2. avarice, niggardliness fig. XIII 219, A I 170. 3. object of desire IV 119, V52, CIV 114. [AF] coueitous adj. guilty of the sin of covetousness V 198, A III 59, C VI 206; desirous XIII 183; ~ for hymselue selfish XIV 201, C XVI 42; as coll. n. C XIV 21. [AF] couena(u)nt n. 1. agreed wage XIV 151, C XIV 216. 2. undertaking VI 160, A VII 147, C VIII 157; in ~ on condition (that) V332, XIX/XXI 186, A VII 29; in harmonious agreement XVIII 417, C XX 460. [AF] couent 77. religious community living under a rule V 155, A XI 210, C VI 39, 162. [AF] couere, cuuere v. provide a roof for III 60, C III 64; cover XIV 334; pr.t.3sg. C IX 250; ~ fro protects against XII 178, C XIV 118; pa.t.Ssg. refl. fig. takes cover XIX/XXI 296; pp. hidden C IX 138; ~ vnder disguised, concealed by XIX/XXI 347; symbolized by XIX/XXI 86. [AF coverer] couerour n. fig. provider of roofs for C V 175. [AF] cow, kyen«. cow VI 287, A VII 271, C XIII 149; uninfl. gen. XV 470; pi VI 140. [OE CM, cyna] cowardly adv. in a cowardly manner III 206, A III 193. [cp. AF coward] cowes n. choughs A VII 128. [AF cauwe, chowe] cowkynde n. female bovine XI 341, C XIII 149. [ME] crabbede adj. perversely disputatious X 107, A XI 65, C XIV 100. [cp. OE crabba] cracchen v. scratch Pr 154, C Pr 203; claw out XI 144, C XII 79; intr. C VI 140; pp. dressed w. teasels XV 454. [cp. MDu cratsen] cradeln. cradle C IX 79. [OE] craft n. 1. power, innate capability 1139, XVII 173, XIX/XXI 253, A I 128; pers. XIX/XXI 256. 2. ingenuity, skill III 19, XIX/XXI 234, A III 18, C III 20. 3. handicraft, skilled occupation, trade II 229, 547, A V 2 5 , C V 20, VI 42; pi Pr 118, A Pr 101, C VII 191; honest skill V 468, XX/XXII 342; profession C IV 170; as group term XIX/XXI 250. 4. means, method II 4, A II 4, C II 4. 5. 46

craft - cristendom

Glossary

proclaimed XIX/XXI 159; intr. call out in distress XX/XXII 230. 2. wail, weep XVI 75, XX/XXII 369, C XVIII 107; beg plaintively 1X82, C XI 40; pr.t.lsg. screech C VI 140. 3. pray (to), beg, entreat (sbody for sthing) VII 201, A VIII 179, C XVII 246; pr.t.lsg. V 108, A V 88; pi. C III 93, VI 338; pa.t.lsg. I 79, A I 77, C I 7 6 ; 3sg. V71, XX 375, A V 54, C XIII 13; pa.subj.pl. C VII 147; pray for XI 135, C XII 70; pa.t.sg. XIV 334; pr.subj.sg. XVII 301, C XIX 281; pi. XVII 245, C XIX 211; pr.subj.sg. pray XII 254. 4. ~ after pr.t.Ssg. loudly demands XV 254; pa.t. 3sg. called upon, summoned XV 279, XX/XXII 90; ~ on pa.t.3sg. reproached V 443, XI 70, A V 215, C VII 57; shouted in condemnation XVIII 39, C XX 38; pr.subj.sg. let us appeal to XX 78; ~ vpon pa.t.sg. summoned XX/ XXII 165; ~ vpward looked to heaven and prayed pr.t.pl. V 5 1 1 , A V 253, C VII 156. [CF crier] criket«. salamander XIV 42, C XV 241. [AF criquet] crist n. the deity as second person of the Trinity Pr 88, 125, A III 251, V 247, C I 78, 122; as man on earth X 252, XI 217, A XI 273, 294, C III 356, XIV 38; Jesu ~ XIV 181; as saviour of mankind V464, X358, A V 236, 1X50, C X 58, XI 31; as victorious over death and the devil XVIII 109, XIX/XXI 14, 62, C XX 112; as judge on the last day Pr 99, VII 194, A VIII 172, C IX 240, 340; as king of heaven Pr 105, XV 17, C Pr 133; as king of kings I 105, A I 103, C XVII 228. [OE] cristen, cristne adj. 1. Christian III 289, IX 82, A XI 250, 290, C XII 60, XIII 90. 2. as n. Christian person X 356, A XI 239, C XVII 183; pi. as coll n. Christians, Christian people I 93, VI 95, A I 166, VIII 179, C IX 347, XII 58. [OE] cristen v. baptize, christen X 354, A XI 237; pa.t.3sg. XV 445, pp. XV 457, A XII 15, C XVII 165. [OE cristnian] cristendom n. 1. the Christian religion, Christianity XI 201, XII 283, C XVII 186, 282; fig. V 588, XIII 273, XIX/ XXI 130, A VI 75, C VII 235; Christian doctrine, the teachings of Christianity XI

trick V 223, A V 139, C VI 231; pi. X 21, A XI 21. [OEcrafi] crafty adj. skilful, intricate Pr 162, C Pr 181; ~ men men w. trade skills III 225, VI 68, A XI 185, C III 280; ~ konnynge skill as a craftsman XIII 292. [OE crafiig] craftily adv. ingeniously, skilfully IX 5, A X5, CX132. [fr. adj.] craked v. pa.t.3sg. broke XVIII 73, C XX 75. [OE cracian] crampe, crompe n. sickness accompanied by spasms XIII 334, C VI 78; pers. pi. XX/XXII82. [CF] craue v. demand XIII 164; ask for C XII 150; pr.t.3sg. XIV 214, C XVI 55; pi. Ill 222, A III 212, C III 275; pa.t.3sg. begged for C XV 34; claimed as his due VI 92, A VII 84, C VIII 101; abs. beg C VI 49; abs. pr.t.Bsg. makes requests, importunes XV 165, 254; ~ of pr.t.lsg. make demands of X1X/XXI 476. [OE crafiari] crauynge ger. begging, beseeching XIV 187. creatour n. creator IX 26, A X 27, C XVII 153. [AF] creature n. 1. created being XI 326, XII 226, 279, XVIII 129, C XIII 207, XX 132; pi XIII 18, A XI 246, C XIV 157. 2. person V 270, IX 82, XI 181, A XI 250, C XIII 207, XIV 5; pi people XII 83, 121, A XII 110, C XV 271, XIX 185. 3. creation XV 15, XX/XXII 151; pi. XI 199; angelic orders C I 105. [AF] creaunt, cryant adj. defeated, vanquished XII 193, C XIV 153. [cp. AF recreaunt} crede n. Apostles' Creed VI 89, A VII 81, CIII 360. [OEcreda] crem(e), craym «. cream VI 282, A VII 266, C VIII 320. [AF] crepe v. creep, crawl I 196, XX/XXII 44, A I 170; pr.t.Ssg. fig. XVI 28; pi. XIII 18, C XV 20; pa.t.2sg. Ill 191, A III 178; pa.subj.pl Pr 186, C Pr 203; imp. pi XVIII 428; C XX 471; sneak XV 530, C XVII 280. [OEcreopan] cresses see CARSE. crye(n) v. 1. shout, call out (sthing) Pr 143, XIII 448, C VII 108, XVII 222; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 263, C XIX 272; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 212, XX/XXII 201; 3sg. V63, A V 4 6 , C IV 157; pi. XVIII 39, A Pr 104, C XX 38; pa.t.3sg. 47

cristendom - curseb

Glossary

216, XII 108, C XVII 251; Christian theological erudition C XII 79. 2. the individual's Christian faith XI 125, C XII 60; fig. spiritual condition as a Christian XIV 11. 3. baptism, christening XII 279, XIV 323, C XVII 78. [OE] cristnyngrc. baptism, christening XIV 185. [OE cristnung] croce, crose n. crosier A IX 86, C X 93. [AF] crocer n. bishop's chaplain, crosier-bearer CV113. [AVcrocier] croft n. small enclosed field VI 32, A VII 34, C V 17; fig. V 572, A VI 59, C VII 219; smallholding VI 290, A VII 274, C VIII 313. [OE] croked(e) pp. gnarled C II 29; crippled C IX 97; as coll. n. cripples XI 192, XVI 108, C XII 104. [OE crocod] crokes n. grappling irons C XX 294. [OE croc} crokke n. pot, crock XIX/XXI 280. [OE croc} crommes n. crumbs C VIII 278; scraps of food C VIII 287. [OEcruma] croniclesw. pi. chronicles CV178. [AF] crop n. 1. crown C XVIII 75; fig. XVI 42. 2. harvest, crop fig. XX/XXII 53. [OE] crope see CREPE. croppep v. pr.t.3pl. feed on the tender shoots of VI 32, A VII 34; pa.t.3sg. ate, fed on XV 402. [fr. ME n.] cropward n. in phr. to pe ~ toward the crown C XVIII 107. [ME] cros(se), croos, croes n. 1. gibbet used for crucifixion, cross X 422, A XI 281, C XIV 153; as symbol of Christ's suffering and the redemption XIX/XXI 7; as symbol of the Christian faith XV 447, C XIX 8; altar-cross XVIII 428, C V 106. 2. pastoral staff VIII 96, XV 570; cross held by a preacher as a symbol of his mission V 12, A V 11. 3. cross on the obverse of a gold coin XV 543, C XVII 205. ironic for loue of pe ~ as an act of Christian kindness V241. [OE fr. Olr] crouch n. cross-shaped pilgrim's badge V 522, AVI 10, C VII 167. [OE cruc] croune v. 1. pr.t.lsg. ceremonially invest w. kingship fig. A II 62; pa.t.pl. VIII 108, A IX 98, C X 101; imp.pl. XIX/ XXI 256; pp. VIII 101, XIX/XXI 41, A IX 91; wearing a crown XVIII 371, C III

319, XX 413. 2. pr.t.3sg. confers the tonsure, admits to holy orders XI 313, C XIII 125. [AF coroner] crow see CROWNE. crowne, croune, corone, coroune n. 1. diadem II 10, A II 10, C II 11; diadem symbolizing kingship, royal crown IV 83, XIX/XXI 49, A IV 121, C IV 79, XX 273; by synec. national sovereignty XVIII 109. 2. top of the head XV 229, XX/XXII 184, C XVI 354; pi. C V 177; hair on the top of (his) head XI 36, C XI 195. 3. clerical tonsure XI 299, XV 352, C XIII 113; pi. brode- tonsures XIII 242; crow ~ skull of a crow? C XV 161. 4. the imprint on the coin XV 543, C XVII 205. [AF corune, coroune] crownynge ger. the tonsure Pr 88, C Pr 86. cruddes, croddes n. pi curds VI 282, A VII 266, C VIII 320. [? cp. OE *crudan] cruwel adj. fierce, cruelly painful XIII 390. [A? cruel] culorum n. application, gist III 280, A III 258, C XI 246. [L: cp. saeculorum] cultour, cultir, coltur, kultour n. coulter, blade at front of ploughshare III 308, A VII 96, C III 461. [OE culter, AF cultre] cuppemele, coppemele adv. by the cup V 223, A V 139, C VI 231. [OE cuppe + mail] curatourw. 1. parish priest XIX/XXI 410, 451; pi. XIII 13, C XVII 280; priest w. cure of souls XX/XXII 326; pi. I 195, A I 169, C XVI 275. 2. pi. spiritual guardian C XVII 290; pi. XIX/XXI 222. 3. pi. caretakers XV 136, XX/XXII 282. [AF] cure n. 1. pastoral spiritual responsibility Pr 88, XX/XXII 237, C Pr 86; ~ of soules XX/XXII 233. 2. a benefice XI 302. [AF] curen v. exercise spiritual care XX/XXII 326, C XIV 70. [AFcurer] curious adj. of expensive manufacture XIX/XXI 287. [AF] curseb, corsep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. curses, wishes evil upon VI 317, A VII 298, C VIII 337; prp. C VI 64; pp. X 472; pr.t.Bsg. utters a curse XVII 331, C XIX 311. 2. pa.t.pl. condemned XX/XXII 68. 3. pp. as adj. reviled XX 263; excommunicated III 142, A III 131, C III 180; accursed, execrable IX 141, XVIII 48

curseb - dauncelid

Glossary

daily XV 281, C X 23; a ~ one day's walk IX 1, A X 1, C X 128; the following morning VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330; sg.pl. ~ wibouten ende eternally XVII 273, C II 109; a fyue ~ or sixe for a good while XV 320. [OE d<eg] dale n. abyss Pr 15, A l l , C Pr 17; pi. valleys C X 230. [OE pi. d<el] damaske n. Damascus XV 494, C VII 173. dame, damme n. 1. as conventional or respectful form of address Mistress, Madame V 158, VI 78, A XI 1, C XI 1. 2. mother V 37, A VII 71, C VII 137; fig. C II 123. [AF] damyselle n. 1. maid in waiting 1X12, A X 12, C X 139; pi. XI 12. 2. pi. young gentlewomen XVIII 424, C XX 467. [AF dameisele] dampnacion n. consignment to eternal punishment in hell XII 87. [AF] dampnep v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. sentences XVIII 385, C XX 427; pp. XI 142, C XII 77. 2. pr.t.Ssg. finds guilty, condemns XII 91, C IX 158; pa.t.pl. XV 550, C XVII 213; pp. C XIX 243. 3. pa.t.3sg. consigned to hell, damned C XX 308; imp.sg. V 470, A V 244, C VI 324; pp. 11103, X435, C VII 146. [AF dampner] danielrt. 1. the prophet VII 158, A VIII 138, C IX 306. 2. type name for a gambler VI 71, C VIII 72. dar v. pr.t.lsg. have the courage, venture, dare II 34, IV 52, A VII 252, C IV 50; 3sg. XIV 109, A VI 81, C IX 262; pi Pr 152, CIII 214; pa.t.lsg. VIII 123, A IX 113, C X 119; 3sg. C VIII 202; pi. II 237, A II 196, C XX 448; pa.subj.sg. Pr 178, III 202, V90, A III 189, C III 236, 1X258; pi. XIII 110; pr.t.lsg. in aposiopesis Pr 38, 210, A Pr 38, C XVII 69, 211. [OEdurran] darstow v. pr.t.lsg. w.fut. force you need XIV 57; impers. ~ pe C XV 256. [OE ]>earfan infl. by durran] date n. point in time: ~ of our dri3te year of our Lord XIII 268; parodic II 113, A II 77, C I I I 17. [AF] daubynge ger. plastering C VIII 198. [AF dauber} daunce, daunse v. dance XVIII 180, C XX 183. [AF] dauncelid pp. made much of, fussed over

96, A X 178, C X 213; w. a curse upon it IX 139, A X 170, C X 227; sinful XIX/XXI403, 432; wicked, evil VI 160, XIX/XXI 467, C XIX 257; unlucky, illstarred A X 146, C III 106; in a state of mortal sin IX 123, A X 140; comp. more unfortunate, distressed XIX/XXI 417. [OE cursian] curteis, corteys adj. civil, courteous IV 17, A IV 105, C IV 17; gentle XIII 458, C VIII 47; benevolent XIII 15, C XIV 160; liberal XV 104, A III 59, C XVI 257. [AF] curteisie, cortesie n. manners V 89, X 316; gracious behaviour C X 264; expressions of good manners, civility XV 303; generous nature XX/XXII 106; generosity XV 557, C III 315; generous behaviour V 430, C VII 43; generous gift C XIV 216; divine benevolence, loving kindness I 20, XII 77, XIV 147, A I 20, CI20, XIX 211. [AF] curteisly, corteisliche, cortesliche adv. courteously, politely VI 164, XIII 112, A VII 149, C XV 192; graciously III 104, X234, CIV 42, 152; benevolently XIX/XXI 176; respectfully III 9, A III 9, C II 167, IV 152. [fr. adj.] curuen see KERUE; custe see KISSEN. custume, costumes n. grammatical usage C III 374; pi. habitual practices C III 207; mode of conduct, habitual behaviour C IX 18; recurrent natural phenomena C XIV 73; customary procedures XII 97. [AF]

D daf(fe) n. dolt, fool I 140, A I 129, C X 178. [cp. OEdtefte] daggen v. trim w. slashed edges XX/XXII 143. [cp. AF dage, dagger] day n. the natural day as a measure of time VIII 27, XVIII 42, A Pr 103, VII 135; pi. I 121, A III 135, C VI 161; the waking part of the 24 hours, daytime II 94, C XIII 190; daylight, daybreak V 451, AV223, C VII 65; the light of day XVIII 60, C I 114; pe ~ sterre Lucifer A VI 80; a particular day IV 178, XV 560, C XIII 126; appointed day V 242; pi. term of life XIII 171, A III 140, C XX 53; time, era I 98, A I 96, C I 102; in phr. by bis ~ this very day C VII 9; eche ~ unremittingly III 312; ~ by ~ 49

dauncelid - deep

Glossary

A XI 30. [AF danceler] daunger n. 1. control, possession XVI 263, C XVIII 279. 2. peril, danger, risk XII 206, C XIV 145. [AF] daunsynge ger. performing a dance C X 179. dauntenv. 1. subdue, defeat III 288, A III 264, C III 441. 2. pa.t.Ssg. tamed XV 401; pp. favoured, made a pet of X 38. [CF daunter] dauid n. David king of Israel 198, A I 96, C XI 263; as author of the Psalms II 36, C II 39; by meton. the Psalter III 312; as the Good King of the apocalyptic regeneration III 288, A III 264, C III 441. dawe n. Daw, man's nickname (for David) V313, AV163, C VI 369. dawe v. dawn fig. XVIII 181, C XX 184; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 424, C XX 467. [OE dagian] debat(e), debaat n. strife, contention V 330, XIX 251, A V 1 7 9 , C VI 388; atsquabbling C VI 123; violence V 99; war XV 428. [AF] deceite, deseite n. dishonesty, deceitfulness XVIII 333, C II 131; deception C Pr 77; pi. wicked schemes X 19, A XI 19. [AF] deceyue v. deceive, mislead Pr 79, A XI 164, CXVII 184; pa.tJsg. C XVIII 122; betray XVI 156, C I 40. [AF deceivre] declare v. adjudicate C II 151; be sobe to ~ make judicial decisions XIV 288, C XVI 123; pr.tJsg. interprets C IX 49. [AF declarer} declynede v. pa.t.pl. interpreted the grammar A IV 133. [AF decliner} decourreb (recte decorreb) v. imp.pl. scrape, shave clean XIV 194. [L. decoriare} decrees, decres n. canon law XV 380, C XVII 114. SeeDEGRE(E). [AF] decretals n. the book of papal decrees V 421. [AF] decretistre n. expert in the decretals, practitioner of canon law C XV 84. [CF] ded, deeda^. dead VI 180, XVIII 62, A VII 170, C XII 77; lifeless, spiritually dead I 187, A I 161, C I 183; dormant C XII 185; as n. XVIII 95, C XX 98; the deceased XX/XXII 293; pi. (the) dead VII 193, A VIII 171, CIX21. [OE dead] ded pp. killed III 193, A III 180, C XIII

57. [OE*dedan] dederc. 1. action, deed 131, III 263, A IV 54, CIII 471, VII 150; pi. Pr 152, A V 252, C III 416; fig. feats of arms, exploits V 500, XIX/XXI 133, C VII 140. 2. daily task, day's work Pr 224, A Pr 102, C III 304; pi. C Pr 228; job XIX/XXI 329, C V 9 . 3. actual conduct, behaviour V 43, XIII 133, A IV 108, X 121; phr. in ~ in the event, actually VII 163, A VIII 141. 4. charter, (legal) deed II 113, XVIII 187, A II 77, C XX 192; pi. documents A XII 87; promissory notes V242. [OE ded\ dedeynus adj. given to contemptuous or scornful conduct C X 81. [AF dedeignus] de(e)dly, deddly adj. of sin that deprives the soul of its state of grace mortal I 144, XI 102, A V 20, IX 40, C VI 276, IX 239; fig. ~ synne a state of mortal sin XIII 405; fig. the consequences of the Fall XV 541, C XVII 203; ~ deeb eternal damnation X 243. [OE deadlic] dedly adv. mortally V 116, A X 156; of sinning VII 184, A VIII 162, C IX 330. [fr. adj.] deel n. part XV 488. [OE dtel\ deen n. head of a cathedral chapter of canons, dean XIII 65; pi. officials w. jurisdiction over subdivisions of an archdeaconry II 173, APr92, II 137. [AF] deep, dep(e) adj. deep Pr 15, A Pr 16, C XX 64; fig. profound C XX 405. [OE deop] deere adj. 1. possessively (our) beloved Pr210, V451, A I 85, V 223, CPr221; precious, beloved VI 97, A VII 89, C II 33; in address C VIII 91; as n. my ~ dear friend VI 254, A VII 238. 2. expensive XIV 75; expensive to live in VI 161, C VIII 158; ~ 3eres years of scarcity C X 198; superl. derrest highest II13. [OE deore] deere adv. expensively, at great cost, dearly 1X66, XII 42, A VII 73, C XIX 269; as ... ~ likep as best pleases ... VI 291, A VI 80, C VIII 314. [fr. adj.] deesn. dice VI 71, C VIII 72. [AF] deeb, deb n. 1. end of life, death X 429, XIV 58, C VIII 187, IX 17; pers. A VI 81, C XV 304; as a punishment III 307, XVIII 71, C III 460; ironically hyperbolic XV 414; violent death XI 268, C XII 153; pers. the plague VI 329,

50

deep - delen

Glossary

1X64. [AFdefrauder] degre(e) n. 1. place in society C V 62; level of study for a degree XV 377, C XVII 112; stage of virtuous living X 137, A XI 90; pi. fig. C XVIII 56. 2. edict (rectedecre) 1X148, A XI 241. [AF] deye, dey, dei3e, di3e(n), dye v. cease to live, die I 144, II 214, III 263, A IV 5, VII 258, C I 143, VII 9; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 131, 135, CXVI 4; pi. X 302, A XI 208, C V 149; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 366, C XX 404; 2sg. V 464, A V 236, C VII 129; 3sg. VIII 59, A IX 50, C III 401; pi. XV 520, C V 40; pr.subj.sg. VI 98, A VII 90, C IX 239; pi. VI 120, A VIII 37, C VIII 127; of Christ experience death 1167, A I 141, C I 163; enter the afterlife, face divine judgement C X 60; pr.t.3sg. XII 289, C XIX 207; pi XII 87, C Pr 102; pa.t.3sg. was ex-tinguished C VI 336; lay dormant C XII 182. [cp. OI deyja] deying(e) ger. time, moment of death VII 35, C XVII 144, XX 79; death XV 526, C XVII 276; deep- living death XI 177; pleonastic XIII 425, C VII 110. deynep v. pr.t.Ssg. sees fit X 79, C XI 59; pi condescend VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330. [AFdeigner] deynous adj. haughty, arrogant VIII 84, A 1X75, CXVI 228. [AF dedeignus] deyntee n. delight, pleasure XI 48, C XI 311; pi. delicacies C XV 90; in- luxuriously XIV 123, C XV 299. [AF deintee] deys, deyes, dees n. raised platform, dais VII 17, A VIII 19; bymeton. high table X57, A XI 43, CXI 38. [AF dels] deite(e)«. Godhead X 57, A XI 43, CXI 38. [AF] delen, deele v. 1. distribute, share out XIX/XXI 215; intr. VI 97, A VII 89, C VIII 106. 2. give away XI 277, C XIII 96; pr.t.3sg. X 87, C XI 67; pi. X 28; intr. give alms I 199, XVII 255, A XI 243, C XI 69; fig. of God bestow pr.t.lsg. I 201, A I 175, C I 196. 3. have to do w. VI 75, A VII 67, C VIII 77; pr.t.lsg. V 246; pi. XVII 262, C XIX 228; imp.sg. X 219, A XI 162; pr.t.3.sg. wij) moneye ~ is in business for profit XIX/XXI 349; of sexual relation pr.t.pl. VII 91, A VIII 73, C IX 168;

XX/XXII 89, C VII 350. 2. the act or moment of dying V 489, XVIII 134, C XV 282, XVI 313; of Christ's death on the cross XVIII 158, C XX 144(2); pers. the Fall XVIII 141(1), C XX 144(1). 3. mortality as a consequence of original sin fig. XVIII 364, C XX 402; pers. XVI 165, C XX 162. 4. damnation to eternal punishment, perdition X 243, C XI 249; pers. XV 541, XVIII 29, C X X 3 1 . [OE deap}

def, Aeefadj. deaf X 79, 135, A XI 88, C XI 59; pi. as n. XIX/XXI 130. [OE deaf] defame v. pr.t. pi. find fault w., criticize A XI 64; pr.subj.pl. Pr 190. [AF diffamer w. force of defamer] defaute n. 1. lack, deficiency V 6, VI 206, A VII 192, C X 202; dearth XIV 71, C XV 270; famine VII 168, A VIII 145, C IX 3 12; hunger XIV 114, C XV 290; starvation C VIII 351, IX 100; need, hardship 1X84, X 367, C VII 306, VIII 145. 2. moral defect, flaw XV 347, C XVII 90; pi. XI 393, XII 95; fault, offence X 283, C XII 37; withoute ~ blameless, innocent C XIV 16; error XI 308, C XII 122; in ~ failing in pastoral care V 146; failing in your duty II 140, A II 104, C H I 56. [AF] defence AI. prohibition XVIII 195, C XX 200. [AF] defende(n) v. 1 . defend, protect XVI 246, XIX/XXI 467, A VII 80, C VIII 34, XVII 289; pr.Usg. C XVI 135; pi. C IX 9; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 46; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 477, C XIX 270; pi. C XVI 36; abs. pr.t.pi XX/XXII 257. 2. forbid XV 19, CXVI 170; pr.t.lsg. A VIII 40; 3sg. Ill 64, A VI 81, C XX 110; pa.t.3sg. A VII 168; pp. C XIV 6. [AF defender] defyed v.(l) pa.t. 3 sg. scorned, denounced XX/XXII 66. [AFdefier] defyen v.(2) digest Pr 230, V 122, A Pr 108, C XVI 226; abs. pr.t.3sg. be digested V 382, A V 210, C VI 439. [AF defire] defoulen, diffoule v. 1. spoil C VIII 31; make dirty, soil XIV 24; fig. pr.t. 3 sg. treat contemptuously C III 192, pi. A XI 60. 2. pa. t. pi. mortified, castigated XV 534, C XVII 195. [AFdefoler] defraudeb v. pa.t.3sg. wrongfully deprives, defrauds VII 68, A VIII 70, C 51

delen - derne

Glossary

C XII 80. dene, dyn n. noise and commotion XVIII 62, CXX64, 126. [OE dyne] denyede v. pa.t.Bsg. refused, rejected C XI 262. [AF denier] denote n. woman's nickname (for Denise) VI 71, C VIII 72. dentiefliche adv. gluttonously C VIII 322. [fr. deintifadj] departable adj. distinct, distinguishable XVII 19, 129, C XVIII 187. [AF] departen v. 1. part company C XVII 147. 2. break up, be dissolved XX/XXII 139. 3. pp. divided VII 162, A VIII 140. [AF departir] depe adv. deeply XIV 6, C XI 296; deep I 125, A I 114, C XIV 149; heavily, a great quantity V 184, C IX 145; comp. more profoundly X 187, XV 199, A XI 139, CXI 128. [OEdeope] depose v. unseat, put down XV 552, C XVII 215. [AF deposer] depraue v. vilify, denigrate III 179, A III 166, C III 225; pr.t.pl V 145. [AF depraver] derely v. expensively, handsomely XIX/ XXI 2. [OEdeorlice] dere(n), deere, derie v. 1. injure, do harm to VII 35, XIV 171, A VIII 37, C XX 297. 2. cause to fear, frighten VII 51, A VIII 53, C XIX 20. [OEderian] dereworpe adj. precious, valuable I 87, A I 85, C I 83; prized for efficacy C VI 89; beloved C XIII 18. [OE deorwyrfe] derfly adv. without mercy C III 416. [prob. OSc *derf-] derk adj. dismal, gloomy Pr 16, A Pr 16, C I 55; dark C XX 62; without light, darkened XVIII 60, C XX 60; wicked XIX/XXI 21; comp. more obscure X 187, AXI 139, CXI 128. [OEdeorc] derke n. darkness, the night XI 268, C XIII 57. [fr. adj.] derkliche adv. obscurely X 378. [OE deorclice] derknesse n. 1. the dark XVII 237, C XIX 203; darkness (of a solar eclipse) XVIII 65, C XX 126; the darkness of limbo V493, XVI 251. 2. gloom, despondency XVI 85, C XVIII 116. [OE deorcness] derling n. favourite A XII 19. [OE deorling] derne adj. secret 11176, C III 292; private

pr.t.2sg. do C III 76; 3sg. A III 56. [OE dtelan] delicata^. luxurious C VIII 277. [L] delicatly adv. w. relish (of good food and wine) VI84, 374, C XVI 91. [L] delynge ger. in phr. penyes ~ almsgiving XIX/XXI 376. delit v. in phr. ~ in enjoy, take pleasure in X 367; re/I. pa.t.3sg. indulged himself I 29, A I 29. [AFdeliter] delitable adj. delicious I 34, A I 32, C I 32. [AF] delites n. gratifications A II 65. [AF] deliuere v. set free, liberate XVI 266, C XVIII 282; pr.t.3sg. XV 346; pa.t.Bsg. restored to C XIII 14; pp. delivered C XIII 41. [AF deliverer] deluuye/7. flood, calamitous end X417, C XI 249. [AFdeluvie] delue(n)v. 1. dig XIX/XXI 362; pa.t. pi. shovelled VI 190, A VII 176; intr. XIX/ XXI 364; in phr. diken or ~ work w. a spade, do manual labour VI 141, A XI 187; pp. V 545, A VI 33. 2. pp. buried VI 180, AVII 170. [OEdelfan] delueres, deluares n. in phr. dykeres and ~ manual labourers Pr 224, A VII 99, C Pr 228, VIII 114; sg. dawe pe ~ type name for a labourer C VIII 351. [OE delfere] deluyngeger. manual labour C VIII 198. demen v. 1. pass judgement on IV 178, XIX/XXI 174, C IX 21; pr.t.lsg. find fault w. V I 1 5 , A V 9 5 ; imp.sg. VI 81, A VII 73, C VIII 83. 2. judge adversely, condemn, XV 552; pp. IV 181, C VI 20; be critical of C XVI 228. 3. intr. sit in judgement, act as judge XIX/XXI 305; pa.t.Bsg. X 387, A XI 268, C XI 213; pp. sentenced III 307, C III 460; interpreted and enforced C IV 175. 4. intr. pr.t.lsg. decide, decree XIII 171; pi hold manor court Pr 96, C Pr 94; pa.t.Bsg. directed C X 102. 5. determine I 86, XIII 157, A I 84, C XX 36; pr.t.lsg. ~ domes exercise judgement XV 27, C XVI 187. 6. pr.t.Bsg. considers XIII 128; pa.t.Bsg. VII 175, A VIII 153, C IX 320. 7. express favourable judgement XIII 305; pr.t.lsg. maintain, argue III 188, A III 175; imp.sg. believe, think VI 180. [OE deman] demynge ger. administering and enforcing

52

derne - deuyne

Glossary

pr.t.Bsg. V 149, C VI 122; pr.t.lsg. speak blasphemously of XIII 336, C VI 80. [AF despiser] despoilen v. pr.t. pi. rob C XIII 58. [AF despoiller] dessallouwynge see DISALOWYNG. destynee n. divine providence VI 274, A VII 258, C VIII 295. [AF destinee] destreris n. cavalry mounts, chargers A II 137. [AF] destruye, destroye, distruye v. 1. ruin, bring to destruction VI 28, XVI 40, A VII 30, C III 207; pr.t.pl. A VII 124; pr.subj.sg. destroy, demolish III 271; pr.t.pl. consume, bring to nothing Pr 22, A Pr 22, C Pr 24; spoil Pr 198, C Pr 216. 2. murder XVII 219, 287, C XIX 268; pr.t.pl. XVII 279, C XIX 260; fig. pr.t.Bsg. C XIX 278. 3. put an end to, abolish X 335, XVIII 236, C IX 17, XVI 174; pr.t.Bsg. A X 76; pa.t.Bsg. XVI 165; fig. blights C XIV 22; cure XIII 249, C XV 218; counteract II 14, XIX/XXI 311; pr.t.Bsg. XVIII 156, C XX 159; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 347. [AF destruier] dette n. 1. something owed, financial obligation, debt C III 305; pi. VI 98, XIII 10, A VII 90, C XIII 38; the moral obligation to restore ill-gotten gains V 229, XIX/XXI 190, XX/XXII 321; debt of punishment incurred for failure to restore these C VI 299; delinquency of priestly duties C IX 274. 2. pi. his ~ what is owed to him Pr 93, C Pr 91. [AF] deue see DBF. deuel, deuil n. 1. Satan, the Devil I 28, A II 65, C II 117. 2. malignant spirit, devil VII 35, A VIII 53, C XV 257; pi. XVIII 282, C XX 340. [OE deofol] deuyn n. sacred learning, divinity A Pr 90. [AF devin] deuyne v. 1. pr.t.pl. foretell XV 604, C XVII 312; intr. pa.t.Bsg. prophesied VII 163, XV 599, A VIII 141; pi. XIX/XXI 148. 2. pa.t.Bsg. interpreted VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306; imp.pl. explain Pr 210, C P r 2 2 1 . 3. intr. theorize XIX/ XXI 240; pr.Usg. C XI 128; pa.t.lsg. X 187, A XI 139. 4. pronounce a theological opinion XIII 90, C XV 97. 5. pa.t.pl. devised, contrived C X 100; pa.t. 3sg. schemed CXI 263. [AF dev iner]

XIII 55; intimate 1X192, A X 205, CX 292; illicit C XIII 155. [OE] derne adv. secretly XI 352. [OE] dernely adv. secretly C XIII 163. [ME] derpe n. time of scarcity, famine XIV 171, C XVI 313; pers. VI 329, C VIII 350. [prob. OE] desauowe v. annul C III 320. [AF de~ savower] descendeth v. pr.t.3sg. comes down to earth C XVII 247. [AF descendre] deschargen v. 1. unburden by dispossessing XV 566, C XVII 231. 2. pp. released from suits against them IV 29, A IV 26. [CF descharger] desert n. recompense C III 292. [AF deserte] deserue, diserue, discerue v. 1. merit, be worthy of VI 42, A VII 41, C VIII 40; deserve C VIII 203; pr.t.Bsg. A XII 92, C XIV 214; pi. C V 32; pp. XIV 138, C III 302; deserved in punishment IV 178, A V 239, C IV 172; in phr. ~ hadde bettre were of greater merit XII 197, C XIV 136. 2. earn XIV 314, C II 137, III 295; pr.subj.sg. XIV 135, C XVI 4; pp. VI 217, A VII 203, C II 136, XVI 148. [AF deservir] desire v. 1. wish, want XIV 188; pr.t.Bsg. I 184, A I 158, C I 180; pi. IX 107, A X 125; pr.subj.sg. A XII 45; pr.t.Bsg. yearn for A X 47; pi. XV 469. 2. pr.t. 3pl. covet III 99, 246, 252; abs. pr.t.pl. request XX/XXII 322. [CF desirer] desiryng ger. craving, inclination XIII 355. despeyre v. drive, induce to despair C IX 38. [AF desperer] despende, despene v. 1. pr.subj.sg. put to use XII 56, C XIV 18; imp.sg. C VIII 234; pp. XIV 103, C XII 235. 2. pa.t. 3sg. heedlessly wasted XII 48; pi. misspent X 330; pp. V 264. [AF despendre] desperacion, disparacion n. loss of hope of grace and salvation XVII 313, C XIX 293. [CF] despise, despice, dispice v. 1. be contemptuous of II 80, C XIV 64; pa.t.pi. C IX 191; have no respect for XV 569, C VII 118; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 34. 2. pr.t.Bsg. expresses contempt (for) XV 54, C XVI 216; intr.paJ.3sg. spoke contemptuously XVIII 41, C XX 40. 3. abuse, revile XVIII 92, C XX 95; 53

deuyse - discryue

Glossary

deuyse, dyuyse v. 1. consider, give careful thought to XIX/XXI 278. 2. contrive, invent C VIII 200; pa.t.3sg. designed XIX/XXI 329. 3. characterize, classify XVI 66. 4. prescribe, assign V 547, C VII 191. [AF deviser, diviser] deuoir, deuer n. duty (as priest or religious teacher) XI 286, XIII 212, C XVII 122; fig. A XII 2; spiritual duty as Christians XIV 153; due task XIV 136, C XVI 5; fig. function C XVII 93. [CF devoir, AF dever] deuors n. dissolution of marriage by annulment for invalidity XX/XXII 139; pi. II 176. [AFdevors] deuouren v. pr.t. pi. consume, devour C VIII 139, XVI 282; fig. C II 143. [AF devorer] deuouteliche adv. w. true devotion C XVII 245. [ME fr. AF devout] deuoutours n. as adj. adulterers fig. C II 187. [cp. M E avoutour] deuoutrye n. adultery II 176. [cp. avoutrie] dew(e) adj. in phr. as ~ justly, deservedly V613, A VI 99, C VII 265; what must be paid, due C III 305. [AF dew] dewes n. dewdrops XV 294, C XVII 21. [OE deaw] dewid see DOUWE. diademed/?/?, crowned king III 288, A III 264, CIII441. [cp. AF diademe n.] diamaundes/?. diamonds II 13. [AF] diapenidion, dyapendyon n. medical confection of sugar candy V 124, A V 101. [AF] dyas, dyaes n. pharmacists' remedies XX/ XXII 174. [cp.prec.] dych, dyk, dykke n. 1. ditch XI 427, XX/ XXII 19, C XIII 234. 2. moat XIX/XXI 362; pi. Pr 16, A Pr 16. [OE die, MDu dyk] dido n. poet's fabrication, baseless statement XIII 172, C XV 170. [L] dye see DEYE. diete, dJ3ete v. refl. pr.subj.sg. regulate your diet VI 268, A VII 252, C VIII 289. [AF dieter] diggep v. pr.t.pi dig A VII 99; pa.t. pi. VI 107, C VIII114. [? AF *diguer] di3tev. 1. prepare VI 291, A VII 275, C VIII 314; imp.sg. saddle and caparison A II 137; pp. dressed XIX/XXI 2. 3. pa.t.3sg. copulated w. C I 27. [OE

dihtan] digneliche adv. w. fitting respect, suitably VII 177, A VIII155. [ME: cp. AF digne] dignites n. pi. honours and responsibilities of high office APr92. [AF] dikares see DYKERE. diken v. in phr. ~ or deluen work w. a spade VI 141, A XI 187; pp. V 545, A VI 33. [MEfr.n.] dykere n. one who digs ditches; in phr. Dawe pe ~ a manual labourer V313, A V 163, C VI 369; pi. ~ and delueres manual labourers Pr224, A VII 99, C Pr 228. [OEdicere] dym, demme adj. dark, threatening III 193, A III 180; dismal XVIII 319, C XX 362. [OEdim] dymes pi. tithes XV 564, C XVII 227. [AF dime] dymme, demme adv. in phr. loke ~ have poor eyesight X 184, A XI 136, C XI 125. [fr. adj.] dymmed v. pa.t.pl. failed to focus V 349, AV197, C VI407. [OE dimmian] dyne v. have dinner, dine V 389, XIII 23, C XV 26; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VIII 301; eat, take food Pr227, V 74, A Pr 105, CPr231; pr.t.lsg. A V 72; 3sg. XIV 135, C XVI 4; imp.pl. fig. XIX/XXI 383; trans, eat VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330; pr. subj. sg. VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276. [AY diner] dyner n. the main meal, dinner IV 38, A VII 275, CXV31. [AF diner] dyngen v. beat, strike X 335; beat w. a flail VI 141; fig. Ill 312; pr.subj.sg. knock XV 19, C XVI 170. [OE*dingan: cp. dengan] dynt, dent n. blow of a weapon XVIII 26, C XX 25; fig. A XII 104; pi. XX/XXII 105, C VIII 187. [OEdynt] dirige n. matins of the Office for the Dead CIII464, V46. [L] disalowed pp. refused further credit XIV 131. [AF desalower] disalowyng, dessallouwynge ger. refusal of credit XIV 139, C XVI 7. disciple n. follower, disciple C XVIII 165; pi. XIII 429, A XI 295, C IX 118. [AF] discomfit(ed), disconfit pp. defeated C Pr 108. [AF descomfiter] discrete adj. prudent, sensible C V 84. [AF discret] discryue, descryue, descreue v. give an 54

discryue - domesday

Glossary

[AF divinite] diuinour, deuinour n. 1. expert, authority VII 141; expounder X 458, A XI 302; theologian C XV 84; pi. XIII 115, C XV 122. 2. pi. soothsayers XII 130. [AF divinour] dobest n. the highest grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct, fulfilled spirituality fig. VIII 78, 126, IX 206, A X 121, 127, C X 100, 122, 305; pers. VIII 96, A IX 117, C X 99, 102. [ME] dobet n. the middle grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct, an advanced stage of spirituality fig. VIII 78, 1X204, XIII 128, A X 85, 118, C XI 93, XV 122; pers. as a man VIII 85, XIV 19, A IX 76, XI 199, C X 82, 103; as a girl IX 12, A X 12, C X 139. [as above] doctour n. 1. authoritative teacher X 458, A XI 302, CXI 93, 133; pi. C Pr 59. 2. pi. clerics holding a doctorate Pr 87, XV 243, C Pr 85, XVII 114. 3. expert or learned theologian XIII 61, C XV 69; in address sire ~ XIII 103, C XV 121; sarcastic A II 73. 4. pi. early Church fathers distinguished for learning and sanctity XIX/XXI 315; pe foure ~ Ambrose, Augustine, Gregory and Jerome IX 75. 5. physician XVIII 364, XX/XXII 177, C XX 402. [AFandL] doctrine n. teaching C XI 223; in phr. of Pauiynes ~ schooled in the consistory court of St Paul's II 109. [AF] doelrc. 1. pain (of hunger) VI 120, A VII 112, C VIII 127. 2. in phr. make ~ lament, grieve V 379, A V 207; complain XVII 342, C XIX 322; pr.t. pi. mourn XV 146; w. ~ miserably, in distress C XX 304. [AF] dogge n. cur V 119; sheepdog C IX 262. [OE docga] doghtiliche adv. mightily XVIII 37, C XX 36. [ME fr. LOE dohtig] doyngeger. action XIX/XXI 430, C VIII 91; pi. XV 477; act, deed C III 292; pi. ministrations XIX/XXI 130. doke n. duck V 74, A V 57, C VI 174. [OE duce] doles n. alms, charitable gifts III 71, A III 62. [OEdal] dolful adj. painful XV 522. [ME] domesday n. the day of the last judgement

account of, describe V 78, A V 107, C XX 213; pr.t.pl XVI 53. [AF discrire, descrire] discryued, descreued recte discried v. pp. proclaimed, announced the presence (of sbody) at a tournament XX/XXII 94. [CF descrier confused w. prec.] disgised recte degised pp. elaborately dressed, decked out Pr 24, A Pr 24. [AF desguiser (for deguiser)] dysmas n. the penitent thief V 465, A V 237, C VI 319. disours, dysors n. pi. minstrels VI 54, A XI 30, C VIII 52; gen.sg as adju. entertainer's XIII 172, C XV 170. [cp. AF disour] dispair n. loss of hope of divine grace and salvation XX/XXII 164. [AF despair] dispit« defiance C VIII 184. [AF despit] displese, desplese v. anger C VIII 84; pa.t.3sg. offended XIV 328; refl. pr.subj.sg. be vexed, annoyed XIII 136. [AF desplesir] disputen, despute v. 1. argue, debate VIII 20, A IX 16, C X 2 0 ; debate C XII 51; trans, maintain by scholastic argument X 255, C XI 156; pr.t.pl. propose, maintain X 133; argue contentiously C VI 122; squabble C VI 137. 2. engage in discussion XI 320; prp. VIII 118, A IX 108, C X 114. 3. dispute the truth of, question CXI 34. [AFdesputer] dissh n. platter C X 179; fig. dish XIII 55; bowl C XX 405; pi. dishes XIII 82, CXV90. [OEdisc] dysshere n. woman who peddles dishes V 315, A V 1 6 5 , C VI 372. [fr. prec.] ditte v. shut VI 190, A VII 176. [OE dyttan] dyuen v. dive XII 162, C XIV 106; pa.t. 3 sg. XII 165; pi. C XIII 168. [OE dyftm] diuerse adj. 1. a variety of XII 135, C XIV 79; separate, different II 94, XII 67, C II 101. 2. threatening, dangerous XV 425; cruel, hostile Pr 152. [AF divers] diuerse adv. variously C XV 79. [fr. adj.] diuerseth v. pr.t.Ssg. differs C XVII 133. [AF diverser] Diues n. Dives, the rich man of the parable (Luke 16.19-31) XIV 123, C VIII 277. diuide, deuyde v. apportion XIX/XXI215; abs. compute, calculate arithmetically XIX/XXI 240. [AF divider and L] diuiniterc. theology VII 141, C XVII 114. 55

domesday - doon V 20, A V 244, C IX 21.

Glossary [OE domes

XII 11; 3sg. X 429, A XI 288, C IV 41; pi. VII 206, A VIII 184, C IX 342; pr.subj.sg. XIV 26, C XI 145; pi. X 364, C XIV 69; pa.subj.pl. IX 83, A IX 92, CX188; imp.sg. Ill 109, A VIII 99, C VIII 91; inpers. ~ yuele VIII 17, A IX 19, C X 17. 4. achieve, accomplish XVIII 32, A III 134, C X 306; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 276, C XIX 257; pa.t.3sg. XI 154, C XII 89; pp. V 500, XIX/XXI 182, C VII 140; done C III 304, XVI 5; past XVIII 101, CXV69, XX 104; ended V 411, XVIII 101, C XX 111. 5. get along, fare I 34, A I 32. 6. in caus. use make (sbody do sthing) III 317, XIII 169, A V 76, C VII 5, XIV 23; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 136, IX 67, A III 125, C XI 159, XVI 91; pi. VI 274, X 42, A VII 258, C VI 155, XIX 301; pa.t.lsg. Ill 200, A III 187; 3sg. 199, XV 595, A I 97, C XVII 303; pi. V 540, A VI 28; imp.sg. XX/XXII316; pp. V97, XI 318, A V 77; refl. betake (oneself), go V 451, A V 223, C VII 65; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 2; pr.subj.pl. 1X173, A X 194, C X 275; ~ hym to go leaves w. all haste II 214, A II 173, C II 224; imp.pl. ~ to witene inform VIII 13, A IX 13; pr.t.lsg. ~pe to vnderstande give you to know VI 54, A VII 49; pa.t.pl.refl. agreed VIII 100, A IX 90; w. active inf. cause (to be done) II 196, III 60, VI 85, A II 157, C III 34, 141; pa.t.lsg. V 242; 3sg. XIX/XXI 309; pr.subj.sg. Ill 307; of a change of condition causes XIV 84; ~ to depe kill XIX/XXI 141. 1. pp. placed, put IX 11, XV 264, A X 11, C X 138; applied XVIII 156, C XX 159; refl. made ... to ~ applied VI 110, A VII 102, C VIII 117; pr.t.lsg. ~ it on invoke for support I 86, A I 84, C I 82. 8. as substitute v. pr.t.lsg. XII 22, XIII 212, XX/XXII 223; 2sg. VI 81, A VII 73, C VIII 83; 3sg. V 538, XVII 223, A IX 43, C XI 297; pi. VI 64, A X 181, C VI 336; pa.t.lsg. V68, A V 5 1 , C VI 9; 3sg. V 37, A V 132, C Pr 123; pi. VII 127, C XVII 209; imp.sg. I 25, C XX 183; pr.subj.pl. C XIII 18, XVII 93; w. inf. as emph. aux. pr.t.Ssg. XVII 224, C XIX 190; pi. VII 183, A VIII 161, C IX 329; pa.t.3sg. XII 168; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 295. 9. in phr. ~ equite dispensed true justice XIX/XXI 308; ~ falsnesse deceive XV

dag}

domesman n. judge, magistrate XIX/XXI 305. [ME] domynyk n. Dominic, founder of the Friars Preachers XV421, CIV 117. dompynges n. dabchicks, Little Grebes C XIII 168. [fr. v.] done n. kind, sort (cp. 'what make?') XVIII 301. [pp. of doon v.] donet n. the elementary Latin grammar of Aelius Donatus: Jig. simpler tricks of the trade V207, AV123, C VI 215. [AF] donge, dung n. barnyard manure III 310, A IV 130, C VIII 184. [OE dung] dongehill n. manurepile, dunghill XV 111. [ME] dongeon n. castle, keep Pr 15, A I 57. [AF donjon] donghep n. manurepile, dunghill C XVI 266. [ME] doom, dom, doem n. 1. judgement, process or act of judging VII 196, XV 550, A VIII 174, C XII 89; pi. XI 145; court of law III 318; the last judgement VII 17, 193, A VIII 184, C IX 322; sentence at law XVIII 28, C XX 27; condemnation XVIII 385, C XX 427; decree XVIII 191, C XX 196. 2. pi. in phr. deme ~ make judicious decisions XV 27, C XVI 187. 3. perception, discernment C II 132. 4. order, command II 208, A II 169, C II 220. [OE dom] doon, do(n) v. 1. w. contextual sense do III 117, VI 196, VII 45, A V 7 1 , VI 80, C III 253, IV 38; infl. VI 203, C VIII 209; pr.tJsg. XVI 183, C IX 132, XIII 40; pi. XVI 183; pa.t.2sg. VII 196, A VIII 174; 3sg. XI 154, C XII 89; pi. XIV 196, C III 320; pr.subj.pl. XII 122, C XIV 65; imp.sg. VI 79, A VII 71, C VIII 81; pp. V 545, XI 39, A VI 33. 2. perform, carry out VI 196, XII 27, A X 205, C V 9 ; pr.t.lsg. V 548; 3sg. 189, A I 87, C I 85; pi. A IV 108; pa.t.lsg. C VI 53; 3sg. XIII 305; imp.pl. V 43; pp. Pr98, 1X15, A VI 33, C II 131, III 471. 3. behave, conduct (oneself), act IV 97, V 17, VI 230, A VIII 164, C Pr 109; pr.t.lsg. XV 27, A V 95, C XVI 187; 2sg. A X 88, C XIV 10; 3sg. IX 95, A 1X76, CXI 223; pi. V 115, A IX 104, C I 49; pa.t.lsg. V 470, A III 175, C 56

doon - drawe

Glossary

so ~ fig. into a state of confusion XX/XXII 54. [OEdune] dounes, doune n. pi. uplands, downs IX 142; sg. seynt Gyles ~ Saint Giles hill near Winchester C IV 51. [OE dun] doute n. 1. a state of uncertainty, perplexity VIII 69, A IX 60; apprehension, fear Pr 152, A X 82, XI 299, C XIV 69; in ~ at risk XIII 397, C VI 284; withouten ~ fearlessly C XVI 32; for a certainty XII 32. [AF] doute(n)v. 1. fear A X 40, C X 198; fig. pr.t.pl C X 127; re/7. pr.t.Bsg. C XX 312. 2. pr.t.pl. have doubts, are in confusion XV 72, C XVI 233. [AF douter] Douere n. Dover in Kent IV 131, A IV 114. douwe v. enfeoff C III 320; pa.t.3sg. endowed XV 557, C XVII 220; pp. A XI199, 201. [AF douwer] dowue, douue n. dove XV 401, C XVII 239. [OE*dufe] dowel n. righteous conduct, the concept of a virtuous life, the first grade of spiritual development expressed in conduct VII 174, 177, 186, A VIII 153, 1X69, C IX 320, X 110; pers. VII 177, 199, 205, A VIII 155, IX 2, C IX 345, X 128. [ME] downrighte adv. emph. outright, without appeal XVIII 193, C XX 198. [ME] dO3eyne, doseyn, dosayne num. dozen, twelve (as a measure) IV 38, A V 163, C VI 369. [AFduzeine] draf n. husks, chaff X l l , A XI 11, C XI 9; lees XIX/XXI 399. [OE draft draper n. dealer in woollen cloth, clothier V 252, C VI 250; pi. cloth manufacturers V 207, A V 123, C VI 215. [AF] drau3te n. drink, pull XX 223, C XXII 223. [cp. OE dragan] drawe v. 1. pull, haul II 180, A VII 272, C II 193; of drink draw XIX/XXI 399; pa.t.3sg. XIII 50; -along stretch V 208, A V 124, C VI 216. 2. derive C XVIII 228; pp. X 193, A XI 145, C XVIII 216. 3. bring, lead V 43, A IV 108, C VIII 52; pp. XVIII 136, C XX 139; of a table cleared C VIII 287; of a door shut A XII 36; gan ~ forp continued to lead XI 42, C XI 309; pp. ~ forp advanced, promoted X38, A XI 30; pr.subj.sg. fig. -on attract X 139, A XI 92. 4. refl. go

262; ~ indulgence remit the punishment of sin XX/XXII 321; ~ lawe judge and sentence III 294, A III 269, C III 447; ~ leaute behave w. equity XIV 146; dispense true justice C XII 92; ~ mercy be merciful V 479, C VII 121; ~ scape brings punishment upon XV 59; ~ trupe dispense true justice XI 159; behave honestly XIII 359; ~ ayein contravene VIII 102, A IX 92; -but w. inf. merely X l l , A XI 11, CXI 9; see almesdede, almesse, bienfait, boote, confort, dede, homage, ille, yuel, penaunce, synne, werk. 10. infl. infin. in pred. use to ~ requisite V 583, A VI 70, C VII 230; business to transact IV 28, A IV 25; hast (etc.} no3t to ~ is/are not concerned XI 377, XIII 290; litel to ~ no good ground X 317; longed no3t to ~ where it was unbecoming, unfitting XI 421. [OE don] dore n. door II 208, A VI 99, C VI 407; pi. IV 57, A IV 44, C IV 60; by meton. admission XV 19, C XVI 170. [OE dor} dorenail n. nail w. large head, studding nail 1187, A I 161, CI183. [ME] doted pp. witless I 140, A I 129, C I 139. [? OE: cp. MDu doten] double adj. twice as much XIV 153, XV 59; renewed, repeated, (a) second XIV 148, 156; -manere both kinds of II 13. [AF] doublefold adj. numerous VII 199, A VIII 177, C IX 345. [ME] doublers, dobelares n. platters XIII 82, C XV 90. [A? dubler] dorter, doubter, dO3ter n. daughter V 159, C III 369; pi. VI 14, A I 28, C I 27; fig. II 30, VI 79, A VII 71, X 12, C II 33, VIII 81; pi. C II 127. [OE dohtor] douhty adj. mighty C XI 263; comp. stronger, more powerful V 103, A V 83; super!, most valiant V 500, XIX/XXI 134; most authoritative X 458, A XI 302. [OEdohtig] doumb adj. mute X 293; speechless X 142, A XI 95; as n. the silent man C II 39, 41 (Ps. 14.3); pi. persons lacking the power of speech XIX/XXI 130. [OE dumb] doun adv. down: of independent motion I 4, A V 213, C I 4; of induced motion XVI 30, A I 93, C XVIII 110; of repose XIII 21; dryuep- reduces XIV 93; vp 57

drawe - drit

Glossary

C IX 145; pa.t.lsg. V 207, A V 123, C XX 114; turn, resort C XIII 100; pa.t.pl. C VIII 190; pr.t.pl. -to approach C IX 52; pa.t.Bsg. ~ nei3 XX/XXII 200; pa.t.Ssg. V 349, A V 197, C XV 282; re/1, pa.t.pl. gathered together w., joined XI 339, C XIII 147; imp.pl. ~ yow togideres assemble II 173; withdrew X 142, A XI 95. [OEdragan] drede(n) v. re/7, fear, be afraid IX 207, A X 216; w. refl. dat. pr.t.lsg. XVIII 286, C VII 85; pa.tJsg. XIV 107, C XV 282; pa.subj.sg. V 393, C VII 9; pa.t.3sg. ~ of C XVI 313; trans, or w. in/in, fear (to) X 294, XIV 58, C X 99; pr.t.Ssg. IX 95, C XII 153; pi. C IX 14; pa.t.lsg. XIII 405; 2sg. Ill 193, A III 180; pi. XX/XXII 65. 2. pr.t.pl. are concerned, anxious about XX/XXII 379; pa.t.lsg. XIII 387, C VI 276; refl. pr.t.lsg. am afraid, concerned 1X91, XIII 425, C IX 239; 3sg. XIII 412, C VII 72. 3. pr.t.pl. are in fear of, respect C VIII 159; imp.sg. I 34, A I 32, C I 32. 4. pp. as adj. afraid XIX/XXI21. [OEdrzdan] drede«. fear V 19, 1X98, XV 414, AX 79, C VII 210, XVI 7; pers. II 208, All 169, C II 220; as n. the godfearing man A X 121; ~ofdesperacioun/dispair fear of damnation arising from loss of hope of grace and salvation XVII 313, XX/XXII 164, C XIX 293; ~ is there is a fearful danger Pr 98, C Pr 126; by melon. danger XII 164, C XIV 108; withoute ~ for certain C XIV 10. [fr. v.] dredful adj. fearful, terrifying, awful Pr 16, XX/XXII 89, A I 57, C IX 339. [fr. n.] dredfully adv. in terror XVII 65, C XIX 64. [fr. prec.] dredles adv. without doubt A XI 194. [ME] dregges n. dregs XIX/XXI 399, C VIII 193. [cp. Oldregg] dremels, dremeles n. dream, vision XIII 14, CXV17. [ME] dremes n. pi. prophetic dreams VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306. [OE dream: cp. OI draumar] dremej) pr.t.Ssg. is dreaming XX/XXII 377; trans. pa.t.3sg. VIII 69, A IX 60; pp. XIX/XXI 1; impers. pa.t.lsg. XVIII 7, CXX6. [fr. n.] drenche v. drown XII 168; refl. fig. VIII

50, AIX 46; pp. A X 60. [OE drencan] dreuelen, drauelen, dryuelen v. 1. slobber X 11, A XI 11, C XI 9. 2. pr.t.pl. talk nonsense X 42, A XI 43, C XI 38. [OE dreflian and cp. OI draft n.] drye, dri3e n. dry weather V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175; thirst XIV 52. [OE dryge] drye, drei3e adj. dry, rainless XIII 268. [OE dryge] drye, drei3e, druye adv. under cover, out of the rain XVII 326, C XIX 306; out of water X 302, A XI 208, C V 149. [fr. adj.] driep, dri3ep, druyeth v. I . pr.t.Ssg. ~vp Jig. causes to wither, dries up C XIV 22. 2. impers. pr.t. are thirsty 125, A I 25. dri3t n. man VIII 69, A IX 60. [OE drijt, dryht] dri3te(n)/7. Lord (God) XIII 268; the Lord XVIII 282. [OEdryhten] drynke n. 1. thirst-quenching liquid 125, A I 25, C I 24; beverage drunk at meals, drink XIII 251, C VIII 193; wine 127, A I 29, C I 25; intoxicating drink IX 66, A I 32, C X 177; pi. X 169, A XI 121; fig. XIII 50, C XX 403, 407; pi. C XX 409. 2. pi. medicinal potion C VI 89; pi. VI 274, A VII 258, C VIII 295. [OE dnnc] drynke(n) v. take liquid, drink VI 135, XVIII 53, A V 57, VII 129, C II 103; pa.subj.sg. XX/XXII 19; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VIII 301; of intoxicating drink C V 9, IX 145; pr.t.lsg. V 178, C VI 160; 3pl. X42; pa.t.sg. XIII 104, C XV 111; pr.subj.sg. VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276; imp.sg. V 184, C I 24; pp. VI 279, A VII 263, C VI 419; drink to excess, booze II 94, C II 101; pp. as adj. drunken XI 427, 434, C VI 363, XX 193; trans. VI 305, A VII 289, C XVI 91; pr.t.lsg. V 177, C VI 159; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 61, C XV 65; pi. XIV 65, C XV 264; fig. XI 122, C XX 405; pr.t.lsg. XVIII 370, C XX 412; imp.sg. XVIII 364, C XX 402; pp. XV 560, C XIX 90. [OE drincan] drinkeres n. thirsty people fig. A XII 85. [fr. v.] drinkynge ger. drinking XI 336, C XIII 155. drit n. dirt, manure VI 190, A VII 176. [cp. OI drit] 58

dryue(n) - eft

Glossary

~ for any length of time C V 25. [AF durer} dust see DOON. duste/7. dust XX/XXII 100. [OE dust} dwale n. narcotic drink; fig. delusion XX/XXII 379. [OEdwala] dwelle(n), duelle v. 1. remain, continue, stay 1115, XIII 212, A I 118, C I 131, XX 304; pr.t.3sg. VIII 18, C XIX 243; pi. C XIX 254. 2. reside, live Pr 85, A Pr82, C X 27; pr.t.lsg. C IX 39; 3sg. V 533, A VI 21, C X 13; pi. VIII 17, A IX 105, C X 17; pa.t.lsg. XX/XXII 344; 3sg. X 160, A XI 112; pr.t.3sg. is accommodated III 14, A III 14, C III 15. 3. associate, keep company IV 34, A VII 182, C II 109, X 27; prp. A XII 63. [OE dwellan] dwellynge ger. habitation II 103, C VI 115.

dryue(n) v. drive C VII 296; fig. VI 134, A VII 126, C VIII 141; prp. chasing, in pursuit XX/XXII 100; ~ awey put off, postpone XX/XXII 174; pr.t.Ssg. puts an end to IX 210; abolishes XIV 84; obstructs, repels XVII 313, C XIX 293; ~ doun reduces XIV 93; pi. ~ forp pass, while away Pr 225, A Pr 103, C Pr 229; -fro dispel from V 124, A V 101, C VI 89; pa.t.Bsg. ~ out expelled C XVIII 157; pp. V 613, A VI 99, C VII 265. [OEdnfan] drogges n. medicines, drugs XX/XXII 174. [CF drogue and cp. AF dragge} dro3te, drou3te n. dry weather VI 288, A VII 272, C VIII 311; drought XIV 171, 176; lack of water X 302, A XI 208, C V 149; thirst C XV 251. [OE drugap] dronkelewe, dronklewe, drunkelewe adj. given to drink, habitually drunk VIII 84, A IX 75, C X 8 1 . [OE druncen-lew] dronkenesse n. drunken state C I 27. [OE druncennes] droprc. drop C VI 336. [OE dropa] dropped v. pa.t. pi. dropped, fell XVI 79. [OE dropian] drosenes n. dregs, lees C VIII 193. [OE drosna] druieadv. mightily C IX 145. [ON: cp OI drjugr] drury, druerie, dreury n. loving gift, treasure I 87, A I 85, C I 83. [AF druerie} dubbed, dobbed v. pa.t. 3 sg. made, gave the accolade to I 98, A I 96, C I 102; pp. XVIII 13, C XX 11. [OE dubban] due, deuk n. prince, magnate XIX/XXI 306; fig. A X 76; captain, warden fig. IX 11, A X 11, XII 87; pi XVIII 319, C XX 362. [AF] ducchesse n. duchess fig. C II 33. [AF] ducherie n. dukedom, duchy C III 245. [ME fr. AF duche] dulle adj. slow, dull I 140, A I 129, C I 139. [OEdol] dunmowe, donemowe n. Dunmow in Essex 1X173, A X 194, CX275. dure, duyre(n) v. 1. last, continue X 92; pr.Usg. 178, XIV 159, A 1 76, C XVI 11; pi. A XII 94; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 63, C XX 65; pa.t.2sg. continue alive X 210; fig. C III 29. 2. continue in effect, have permanent force XVIII 187, C XX 192. 3. endure, bear up XIII 51; eny while to

E ebrew n. (the language) Hebrew C XIX 4. [AF] ech, iche, vc(c)h(e) adj. each, every single Pr 122, V 402, A VII 2, 102, C V 196, VII 50; ~ a Pr 51, C VI 245, 1X116; each, every (without exception) III 63, 309, A II 39, V 96, C II 175, VI 178; as pron. each one X 246, 310, C XX 460. [GEek,yk] echone, ichone, vchone emph. pron. each one, each and every one C VI 122; as partic. adju. to n. I 93, XI 203, A I 91, CI89; to pron. 117, 51, A III 20, C III 442. [ME: prec. + an} edifie v. build, construct XVI 132, C XX 42; intr. establish, set themselves up C 1X204. [AF edifier] edmond n. Edmund the Martyr, King of East Anglia XV 223, C XVI 348. edward n. Edward the Martyr or Edward the Confessor XV 223, C XVI 348. edwyted v. pa.t.Ssg. reproved, rebuked V 363, C VI 421. [OEedwitan] eest, estw. east Pr 13, A P r l 3 , C XX 121. [OE east] tit adv. 1. again, a second time III 348, V 615, A VI 101, C XIV 23, XVIII 24; ~ and ~ constantly C XV 144; another time C XII 161. 2. afterwards XIV 97, XVII 114, C IV 102; in due course C XVII 146, XVIII 127; subsequently C III 332. 3. henceforward X 129, A XI 82. [OE] 59

eftsoone(s) - embaumed

Glossary

eftsoone(s) adv. again XIX/XXI 5; a second time V 473, A V 247, C VI 327. [OE eftsona] eg n. edge in expr. ~ toel by synec. weapon of war C III 476. [OE ecg] eggedest v. 1. pa.t.2sg. incited, tempted XVIII 289; 3sg. 165, A I 63, C I 6 1 . 2. pr.t.Bsg. prompts, urges A X 52. [cp. OI eggja} egges n. eggs XI 352, XIII 63, C XIII 163. [cp. OI egg] egidie, egide n. Egidius, a Desert Father XV 272, C XVII 9. egipte«. Egypt VII 171, A VIII 148, C 1X315. egre adj. angry, bitter XIII 81, C XV 88. [AF] egreliche adv. 1. severely XVI 64. 2. profusely XIX/XXI 378. [ME] 6136, eye n.(l) 1. eye X 269, A XII 96, C XX 383; pi. II 90, V 110, XI 46, A V 109; C VI 103; sg. eyeball X 128; pi. A XI 81. 2. pi. look, glance XI 188, 410. 3. pi. power of vision V 349, A V 197, C VI 407; ~ si3t A X 52. 4. pi. eyelids XVIII 59, C XX 59; in phr. blered ... ~ deluded Pr 74, A Pr 71, C Pr72; wepewip- shed tears V61, XIV 327, A V 246, C XVIII 146. [OE cage} ei3e, eye «.(2) respect, reverence, awe XI 44, CXII 1. [OEege] ei3te, eyhte num. adj. eight XX/XXII 343, A X 175; asn. VI 328. [OE eahta] eightepe, ey3te num. adj. eighth XIV 313, C XVI 147. [OE eahtoba, eahta] eylepv. 1. pr.t.Bsg. afflicts VI 128, A VII 241, C VIII 269. 2. pr.t.pl. ironic are his affliction XV 251. [OE eglian, eglan] eyr, eir, ayr, ayer n. 1. the perisphere as the habitat of spirits Pr 128, I 125, A I 114, CI127. 2. the element air 1X3, A X 3, C X 130. 3. the atmosphere XIV 43, C XV 219. [AF eir, air] eiper, ayper pron. 1. both (of two) XV 223, XVII 310, C XVII 172. 2. each (of two) XI 252, XIII 347, C XII 140; ~ ooper each other VII 144, A VIII 126, C VI 188; one another A X 179, C X 281; of the Trinity each XVI 207; hir ~ each of them XI 179, 316, XX/XXII 353; pleonastic XV 37, C XVI 199; as adj. both XIII 176; as adv. or ... ~ or else XVII 138. [OE <egher] ek, eke 1. adv. also, in addition 181, II

93, VI 287, A I 79, II 198. 2. conj. w. emph. also, moreover I 91, XIII 164, XX/XXII 274, A I 89, III 191. [OE eac] elde n. old age V 192, XI 35, A III 89, C X 265, XII 2; olde ~ advanced years XII 8; pers. XI 27, C XII 1. [OE eldo] elder adj. older XI 13, C XI 172. [OE eldra] eldir see ELLER. eldres, eldren n. ancestors III 263, A III 242, C IX 215. [ME] eleccion n. choice, election Pr 110, C Pr 137, VI 136. [AF] element n. 1. atmospheric conditions, the weather XV 371. 2. pi. earth, air, fire and water, the four 'elements' XVIII 237, C I 1 7 . [AF] elenge, elyng(e) adj. unhappy, miserable Pr 194, X 97, XX/XXII 2, C Pr 207. [OE alenge] elengeliche, elyngly adv. wretchedly XII 44; meanly, in poor circumstances XX/XXII 39. [ME] ely«. Heli(l Sam. 1.3) X288. eller, eldir, hellerne n. elder (Sambucus nigrd) 168, A I 66, C I 64. [OE ellern] elleuene, eleue(ne), enleuene num. adj. eleven II 231, A III 168, C II 241. [OE endlefan] elyes n. gen. of Elijah the Tishbite (III Kings 17.1) XIV 66, C XV 265. ellis adv. w. conj. force otherwise VIII 116, XIV 196, A X 177, C X 112, XV 296; in other instances C XVII 11; indie. alternative or ~ otherwise 1177, A I 51; elsewhere XIX/XXI 189; at other times Pr 91, C Pr 89; emph. a condition But ... ~ unless III 113, A VII 296, C III 150; an exclusion ooperwise and/ne ~ VIII 110, A IX 100, C X 106. [OE elles] ellis adj. other, different III 294, 306, A III 59, VI 103, CIII 292, VI 262; 110113! ~ I 110, A I 108; asn. anything else III 112, XI 216, A III 101, C IX 328, XIII 155. [fr.prec.] elliswhere, elleswher(e) adv. somewhere else, elsewhere Pr 164, A IX 21, C III 235; of the afterlife XIV 120, C XV 296. [OE elles hwter] emaus, emaux n. Emmaus (Luke 24.13) XI 234, CXII 123. embaumed, enbaumed v. pa.t.3sg. 1. anointed during ordination XI 293, C XIII 107. 2. treated (w. ointments) XVII

60

embaumed - ensample

Glossary

pp. XI 316. [AF enditer] enemy(e) n. hostile person, ill-wisher XIII 143, C VI 106; pi. X 202, A XI 151, C VI 64; armed foe XII 106, C XIV 51; pi. XIII 174, C III 251, V 74; fig. XVI 105. [AF enemi\ enforme, enfourme v. give instruction (in a subject) XV 520, C XVII 271; pr.t.3sg. gives legal counsel to III 241; pa.t.Bsg. taught XV 451; pi. XVII 128, C XIX 97. [AF enformer] engelond(e), ingelond n. England Pr 179, C XVII 279; fig. abbot of ~ C V 176. [OE engla lond] engendreb v. pr.t.3sg. procreates, reproduces its species XII 238, C XIV 170; pa.t.pl. begot C X 2 1 5 ; pp. II 119, A X 148, CX248; created XIII 18. [AF engendrer] engendrynge, engenderynge ger. procreation XI 336, C XIII 144. engendrour n. fig. begetter VI 232, A VII 216. [CF engendrure] engleymeb v. pr.t.3sg. in phr. ~ be mawe causes constipation XV 57, C XVI 219. [ME: cp. AF engleime] englissh, engelisch n. the English language IV 145, A VIII 90, C XIV 14; English equivalent A XI 254. [OE englisc] englissh, engelische adj. English X 462, C XVI 218. [OE englisc] engreynen v. dye deeply, in the fibre XIV 20; pp. II 15. [CF engrainer] enhanced pp. heightened C XI 56. [AF enhancer] enioigne v. 1. (of penance) impose (on) XX/XXII 283; pa.t.3sg. V 598, A VI 85; intr.pr.t3sg. XIII 411, C VII 71. 2. pr. t.Ssg. empanels, appoints C XVI 124; pp. XIV 289. 3. pr.subj.pl. join (in marriage) C II 153; pp. II 66, C II 68; compounded IX 4, A X 4, C X 131. [AF enjoinier] ennedy«. Ennodius C XII 175. enquestes n. trials by jury, legal investigations before jurors C V 57, XIII 85. [AF] ensample n. 1. instance, A XI 274; pi. examples IV 136, X 475, A IV 119, C IV 133. 2. illustration from nature, parable, analogy V 17, VII 132, A V 17, C X 243; pi. XII 237, C XIII 27. 3. exemplary model XI 240, C I 194; pi. I

73, C XIX 72; fig. C XIX 88. [AF embaumer] emme n. Emma Pr 225, XIII 339, A Pr 103, CPr229. emperesse n. empress XIII 165. [AF] emperour n. emperor XI 154; pi. Ill 213, A III 200, C III 269; supreme ruler XIX/XXI247. [AF] enblaunched pp. whitelimed, whitewashed XV 115, C XVI 270. [AF emblanchir] enchaunten v. 1. fig. compel irresistibly as if by magic C XVII 286; pa.t.3sg. trained as if by magic XV 405, C XVII 176; pp. bewitched XX/XXII 378. 2. deluded II 42, C II 45. [AF enchanter] enchesoun n. in phr. by bat ~ by reason of that C VI 40. [AF] enclosed pp. contained IX 54, A X 42. [AF endos pp. of enclore] encombre v. pr.subj.sg. burden w. temptation XIX/XXI 228. [AF encombrer] encreese v. multiply XI 399. [AF encrescer] endaunted v. pa.t.Bsg. tamed, trained C XVII 171. [ME: cp. daunten} ende n. 1. termination, end I 127, XVII 345, A X 145, C III 303, XIII 25; in phr. worldes- end of time XIV 105, C XVIII 74; at one yeres ~ in due course II 105, A VII 42; as a matter of course X 339, A XI 227; to be ~ exhaustively, fully I 97; maken ~ conclude, close a case at law III 161, A III 150, C III 199; draw a conclusion III 281, A III 259, C III 434; hap be worse ~ is the loser XIV 225, C XVI 66; make a good ~ achieve a satisfactory conclusion XVIII 161, C XX 164. 2. death XII 4, C Pr 29; fig. destination C X 53. 3. outcome XIX/XXI 278; (final) state II 101, C X 195; 4. end (of an object) III 340, VIII 97, A V 190, C V 111; ending (of a text) III 248, A III 227. 5. region, district V 236. [OEende] endev. 1. die III 277, A IX 52, C IX 292; pr.t.3sg. XV 138; pi. I 131, A I 120; pa.t.3sg. XII 44. 2. pp. ended C III 304. [OE endian] endyngeger. death XIV 261, C XVI 101. [OE endung] enditen v. 1. compose a written statement, write XV 374, C XVII 110. 2. pr.subj. sg. indite, formally charge C XV 118; 61

ensample - errant

Glossary

172, A I 146, C XVI 263. 4. guiding precept A X 110, XI 154, C XI 286. [AF] enseled pp. officially sealed, authenticated XVII 4. [AT ensseler] ensense n. incense C XXI 86. [AF encens] enspireth v. pr.t.pl. fill w. grace C XVI 244. [AF enspirer] entente n. purpose, intention VIII 131. [AF] enterely, entierely adv. sincerely, wholeheartedly C X 189. [cp. ME entere adj.] entice, entise v. incite, tempt XIII 430, C VII 90; pa.t.2sg. C XX 316; prp. provoking XIII 321. [AF enticer] entisyng ger. temptation, enticement XVIII 159. entre(e) n. admission, right of admittance XI 123, C XII 58. [AF] entremetynge ger. meddlesome interruptions XI416, C XIII 224. entremetten v. 1. refl. concern (him)self XIII 290; pa.t.Bsg. took it upon himself, presumed XI 418. [AF entremetter} entren v. 1. pr.t.pl. go in, enter III 238; pa.t.sg. XX/XXII 354; pr.subj.sg. get in V615, AVI 101, C VII 267. 2. pr.t.Bsg. assumes possession XV 138. 3. pr.t.pl. engage in battle C XX 290. 4. pp. elected for entry X 380, A XI 261, CXI 203. [AF entrer] enuenymes n. poisons II 14. [fr. fol.] enuenymeb v. pr.t.Ssg. corrupts, infects XII 258. [AF envenimer] enuy(e)n. 1. hatred XVI 136, XVIII 49, C XX 49; malice X 440, C XII 40; fig. II 84, XIII 321, A II 60, C II 91; hap ~ to hates V 610, A VI 96, C VII 262; haue had ~ have borne malice to V 70, A V 53. 2. bitterness or resentment at sbody's success or advantage, envy V 122, XVII 277, C VI 87. 3. the deadly sin XIX/XXI 228, C XI 108; pers. V 75, A V 105, C VI 62. 4. professional rivalry X 74, C XI 54; in phr. hab ~ to is a rival suitor for IX 7, A X 7, C X 134. [AF envie infl. by AF envier (L invitare)} epistelesrc. epistles C XIX 321. [AF] equyterc. justice XVII 310, XIX/XXI 308; conformity to (his) law C XVII 240. [AF] er, ar prep, before: of time V 20, 451, A

VI 24, C VI 146, VII 137; of preference XV 540, CXI 26. [fr. adv. and cp. OI dr] er(e), eer adv. previously, earlier, formerly 1131, A I 123, VIII 107, CX289, XV 304. [OE^r] See OR adv. er(e), ar, or conj. of time before w. ind. I 73, V 5, A VII 77, 91, C VI 4, VIII 219; w.subj. Pr 155, II 96, A II 168, IV 21, C V 178, VII 267; of preference sooner, rather than II 118, V 460, XX/XXII 19, A II 82, C III 158; lest XV 567. [fr. adv.] erbes n. green vegetables C VIII 320. [AF] erchebisshopes n. archbishops XV 244. [OE ercebiscop] erchedekenes n. archdeacons, chief diocesan administrative officers, presidents of ecclesiastical courts II 174, APr92, C V 7 1 . [OE ercediacon] erd n. native land, region VI 200, A VII 187, C VIII 206. [OEeard] ere, eere n. ear IV 14, A IV 14, C XVII 175; fig. XX/XXII 134; pi IV 146, A V 206, C XVII 172; be in ... ~ (will) sound to XII 255; putteb in (sbody's) ~ suggests to XII 227; worp bobe his ~ deserving of the ears God gave him Pr 78, A Pr 75, C Pr 76; leggeth ~ listen C XVI145. [OEeare] erende, ernde, arnede n. message III 41, A III 40, C III 48; mission, errand C XIII 41. [OE Erende} eretikes«. heretics XVII 139, C XIX 112. [AF eretique] erie(n), ere(n) v. 1. plough VI 4, A VII 59, C VIII 66; pr.t.Ssg. drive the plough VI 23, A VII 25; pr.subj.sg. turn the soil XIV 29, C XV 234. 2. trans. VI 106, A VII 98, 108, C VIII 123; pa.t.pl. XIX/ XXI 268; pp. VI 5, A VII 5, C VIII 3. [OE erian] eritage see HERITAGE. erl n. great noble, earl XIII 165; pi. Ill 213, A IV 152, C XII 226; as title V 395, C VII 11; fig. VIII 89, A IX 80, C X86. [OEeorl] erldom n. earl's domain fig. II 84, A II 60, CII91. [OE earldom] erly, erliche adv. early V 317, A V 166, C V 15. [OEerlice] ermonye see ARMONYE. errant adj. notorious, arrant C VI 306. [AF erraunt] 62

erren - euere

Glossary

135, X 102, A VII 125, C VIII 325; pr.t.lsg. V 177, CVI159; 3sg. C XVI 219; fig. XV 180; pi. A VII 125; pa.t.Ssg. VI 296, A VIII 108, C VI 431; pi. V603, XIII 107, A VI 90, X 141, C XX 207; imp.sg. XIV 51, C XV 250; pp. fig. XVII 100, C XIX 90; of the eucharist XIX/XXI 387; pa.t.pl. XI 237. 2. intr. eat, take food V 121, VI 181, XX/XXII 3, C VI 86, XX 316; pr.t.pl. VI 145, C VIII 146; pa.subj.sg. XII 28; imp.sg. VI 261, A VII 245, C VIII 271; pp. V 374; be at table, dine X 99; pa.t. Isg. V 375; pi. XVI 228, C XVIII 243; prp. X 104. [OE etan] etyngeger. eating XI 336, C XIII 144. eua(u)ngelie, ewangelie n. gospel I 200, XI 190, A I 174, C XI 202. [AF evangelic and L] eua(u)ngelistes n. authors of the gospels X 251, XIII 39, C XV 44. [AF evangeliste] eue«. Eve 165, A VI 90, C VII 250. eue(n), euene n. evening III 312, VI 184, A VI 39, C III 308; vigil of religious feast C XIII 86; pi. C VI 182. [OE tfen] euen(e)cristen(e), emcristen(e) n. fellow Christian, neighbour II 95, V 433, C VI 75, VII 46; pi. XI 182. [OE efn cristen] euene adj. 1. equal C XVIII 89. 2. measured, regulated XX/XXII 170. [OE efen] euene adv. consistently, uniformly XIX/ XXI 298; steadfastly C XIII 68, XVI 53; w. impartial justice IV 184, A IV 147, C IV 178; exactly VII 146, A VIII 128, C I 122, XX 61; squarely XVII 187, XX/XXII 103, C XIX 153. [OE efhe] euenefor|) adv. equally, to the same degree (as) XIII 143, XVII 137. [ME] eueneforp, emforth prep, to the extent of XIX/XXI 308, C XV 141, XVI 223. [fr. adv.] euensong n. the service of vespers V 454, A V 226, C IX 230, 245; the time of that service V 338, A V 187, C VI 396. [OE <efensang] euere adv. at all times, always Pr 45, I 99, A IV 155, C VII 246, XIII 205; continually, all the while, constantly III 160, IV 66, A III 149, C XIV 29, XVI 43; at anytime V 230, VIII 69, A II 12, XI 82, C VI 100, XI 274; eternally XIX/XXI

erren v. pr.t.pl. stray from righteousness C XVII 88. [AF errer] ers n. buttocks, arse, backside V 175, X 314, A XI 81, C V 160; ~ wynnynge earnings by prostitution C VI 305. [OE ears} erst, arst(e) adv. soonest, earliest XVI 71, A IV 29, C VI 307. [OExrest] erpe n. 1. earth as part of Creation 117, 125, III 130, A I 17, C III 94; as the habitat of mankind 17, 137, A IX 33, X 172, C VII 126, X 24. 2. floor, ground as a surface III 230, V 16, A V 45, 198, C XIV 144. 3. the soil as a substance to be cultivated VII 2, A X 126, C Pr 227; fig. C X 200; land XIII 372; the element earth 1X3, XIV 41, A X3, C XVIII 91. 4. dryland XVII 163. 5. by melon, the human species XVI 211; humankind I 154, C I 150. ofworldly XIX/XXI 73, C I 66. [OE eorbe] erpely adj. worldly, earthly, of this world XV 175, XIX/XXI 94. [OE eorbllc] eschaunges n. pi. currency dealings V 246, XIII 393, C VI 280. [AF] eschete see ASKEN. eschetes n. reversions or forfeitures of land or chattels to the Crown IV 175. [AF] eschuwe, eschewe v. imp.sg. avoid, shun VI 53, A VII 48, C VIII 51. [AF eschuer] eserc. comfort XVIII 210, C VIII 281, IX 152; tranquility, serenity X 305, C V 152; peace of mind C XIII 54; at ~ comfortable 1 19, A I 19, C V 165; welcome X 231, A XI 174; at oure ~ free of anxiety Pr 157; hire ~ to haue to live in idleness Pr 57, A Pr 54, C Pr 55; maken/made at ~ entertain(ed) w. hospitality III 4, XV 341, A III 4, C III 4; made hem at ~ satisfied their appetities XIII 42, C XV 47. [AF] esy adj. 1. unstrenuous, requiring little effort XV 207. 2. available, ready to hand VII 128. [CF aise] esily adv. in comfort II 98. [ME] espied v. pp. identified, distinguished XIX 301. [AF espier] espirit n. in seynt ~ Holy Ghost C XIV 27. [AF] essex n. the English county V 92. estward adv. toward the east XVI 169, C Pr 14, I 133. [OE eastweard] ete(n) v. 1. take as nourishment, eat VI

63

euere - fair

Glossary

F

45, 175, C XX 198; for all time II 157, III 192, A III 179, C III 220; from eternity XVI 187, XVII 129, C XIX 135; inphr. for ~ eternally 1115, A V 240, C IX 4; once and for all IV 127, V 104, A IV 110, C XX 34; emph. pat ~ V 89, VII 99, A X 172, C VII 12. [OE dzfer, <efre] eueremoore, eueremo adv. always, in all circumstances IV 90, XIV 223, XV 179, C XII 92; constantly VII 82, C XIV 145; eternally C III 403; (for) ~ after from that day forward VII 95, A VII 224, C III 250; in perpetuity VII 4, A VIIII 4. [OE &fre, md] euery adj. every, each V 247, VIII 53, 1X182, CIII 67, 1X230, X 181. [LOE efric] euesyngesrc. eaves XVII 231, C XIX 197. [OE efesung] euidence n. 1. proof XVIII 152, C XX 155; argument XVII 198, C XIX 164; pi. C VIII 261. 2. model, example of conduct XV 437; pi. instances C XI 281. [AF] ewages n. blue sapphires, beryls, aquamarines II 14. [AF] except pp. as prep, except 1X144, XV 53, C XVI 215; as conj. XV 279, C XVII 9. [fr. AF excepter] exces(se) n. overindulgence, drinking bout V359, C VI 417. [AF] excitejj v. pr.t.Ssg. urges XI 190; pa.t.lsg. VI 20; pi. excited, aroused C VI 188. [AF exciter] excuse v. 1. refl. defend, make out a case for XII 20, XX/XXII 6; pr.t.pl. make excuses for XV 486; exculpate, free of blame C XIX 247; imp.sg. Ill 173, A III 160, C III 219. 2. pp. guiltless, free of guilt 1X186; excused C V 34, VII 298; haue ~ excuse, leave out of account XVII 93, C XV 128. [AF escuser] executours, seketoures, secateurs n. 1. executors of a will V 263, XV 248, XX/XXII 291, C VI 254. 2. officers appointed to execute legal decisions XV 132, C II 192. [AF] experience n. observed experience, observation XVIII 151, C XX 154. [CF] experiment3 n. magical feats X217, A XI 160. [AF] expounen v. explain XIV 278. [AF espoundre]

facew. face V 443, AV215, C VIII 240; human countenance 115, A I 15; fig. VI 238, A VII 222; expression A XII 77; appearance C X 157; presence, mien I 10, A I 10, C I 10; before be ~ in the presence A VIII 39. [AF] fader n. 1. male parent, father III 127, A VIII 145, C Pr 123; pi. V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214; forefather XVI 205; patriarch C XIII 24; pi. spiritual guardians C Pr 120; fig. II 25, C I I 3 1 . 2. of the deity father V 503, C VII 143; as first person of the Trinity X 247, A VIII 39, C XVIII 120; as creator 1166, A X 28, C X 153; as founder, originator I 14, 64, A I 14, C XIX 134. 3. pi. desert fathers XV 272. [OE fader] faderlese adj. fatherless IX 70. [OE faderleas] faille(n) v. 1. lack, be without IX 83; pr.t.Ssg. XV 432; pi. X 301, A XI 207; pa.t.3sg. XI 26; pr.t.lsg. ~ speche lose the power of effective speech IV 156; be in want XIV 33. 2. impers.w.dat.: pr.t. X398, XVII 190, C I 186, VI 256; pa.t. III 347; pr.subj. II 146, VII 125, A VII 256, C II 162; abs. pr.t.Ssg. is not possible XIV 89. 3. of strength, capability pr.t.Ssg. is deficient II 92, A X 58, C VI 256; pr.subj.sg. II 129, XVII 251, A II 93, C XIX 217; of objects break XIX/XXI 218; of Lucifer pa.t.Ssg. lost his power C I 120. 4. disappoint, fail (in expectation or performance) III 52, XI 29, C III 56; pr.t.Ssg. C III 350, XVII 104; pi. C XVII 116, 144; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 5, C XVI 319; pr.subj.pl. C XII 121; of crops, growth VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346; pr.subj.sg. VI 17, A VII 16, C VIII 15; pr.subj.sg. be absent IV 194, A IV 157. 5. be mistaken, err VII 154, XX/XXII 31, C IX 303; pr.t.Ssg. XI 307, C XIII 121; pi. XV 359, 367, C XVII 97. [AFfaillir] fayn adj. glad, delighted, happy II 158, VI 300, A II 122, C VIII 322; eager, longing (for) II 78, IV 13, A III 108, C IV 28; ready and willing VI 271, A VII 255, C VIII 292. [OEfegen] fayn(e) adv. gladly A XII 67; eagerly C XVIII 102; w. (any) pleasure, willingly XI 392. [fr. adj.] fair, feyr, fayere adj. 1. beautiful, lovely

64

fair - fals

Glossary

gars VI 121, A VII 171, C X 295; pretenders to theological learning X 72, A XI 58, C XI 52; in pers. frere ~ dishonest friar VI 72, C VIII 73. [AF] falaes adj. specious and fallacious C XVI 232. [fr. n.] falewev. till for fallowing C VII 295. [OE fealgian] fallas ». legal trickery C XI 20. [AF fallace] fallev. 1. fall III 98, A III 87, C XVIII 106; fig. C XIX 147; pr.t.3sg. C X 39; pi. C XVIII 48; pa.t.3sg. 1114, A I 112, C Pr 113; pi. I 121, C I 126; pp. got into the eyes of X 283; fig. pp. resulted V 142; entrapped XVIII 360, C XX 382; fall down VIII 31; pr.subj.sg. collapse C IX 100; fig. sin XVII 336, C XIX 316; pa.t.Bsg. -to crouched at XV 300. 2. indie, change for the worse: pr.t.pl. ~ in arrerage show a loss, prove behind in accounts X 476; fig. pr.t.3sg. C XV 284; prp. ~ fro ioye sinning C X 22; pp. ~ in meschief overtaken by misfortune C IX 180; ~ into pouerte made destitute C IX 183; ~ in praldom been degraded into serfdom XVIII 103, C XX 106; ~ in a welhope by oxymoron is cured of despair XIII 452, C VII 112; of sickness ~ in succumbed to pa.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 176; fig. pr.t.lsg. IV 156. 3. w. immaterial sense descend II 198, All 159, C XIX 294; pa.t.3sg. Ill 260, A III 239. 4. pr.t.lsg. am destroyed, struck down XX/XXII 228; trans, pr.t.lsg. ~ adoune strike down, fell C XVIII 50. 5. come to pass, come about, happen III 325, C XVII 98; pr.t.3sg. C III 97; pi. C III 90; pa.t.3sg. VII 163, A X 185; pr.subj.sg. XV 567, C III 478; pa.subj. sg. XVI 107; pa.t.3sg. came to be XII 46; ~ to be became XVI 94, C XVIII 127; pr.subj.sg. befall XVIII 94, C XX 97; impers. pa.subj.sg. XIV 186; faire ~ yow blessings upon you XVI 1. 6. pr.t. 3sg. is right, appropriate XI 99; is becoming XVI 176, C XVIII 184; pi. are requisite X 239. 7. pr.t. 3 sg. belongs I 166, A I 140, CI162. [OEfeallan] fallyngeger. falling XVI 25, XIX/XXI 65, C XVIII 30; moral trespass C X 4 1 . fals n. dishonesty, deceit, fraud III 154, A III 143, C III 192; pers. II 25, 41, 54, A II 22, C II 44, 68, 75; fig. XX/XXII

Pr 17, 110, A P r l V , C Pr 19, XI 171; comp. XIV 25; superl. XII 238, C XVIII 92; w. spiritual sense excellent VIII 79, A IX 70, C XIII 200, XVII 143; superl. C XVIII 88; fig. C XVIII 54; comp. C XVIII 55; fine, upstanding IX 19, A X 18; superl. XIII 296; vivid, bright XI 365, XVII 210, C XIV 158; imposing, splendid C XII 246; generous II 150, A l l 114, CII 166. 2. sunny X 158, A XI 110, C XI 100; gratifying XIX/XXI 28; comp. XIX/XXI 29. 3. courteous, friendly XV 351, XVI 149, XVI 154, XX/XXII 349, C XVIII 171; civil C VIII 215; fine XI 61; fig. XX/XXII 118; of good quality C IX 269; well grown C XIII 43; delicious C XIV 180; smooth, persuasive II 42, A II 191, C II 242; fig. II 166, A II 130. 4. skilful, clear XVI 1; comp. more effective C IX 259; as n. turne be ~ outward put a good face on things C IX 85. [OEfeger] fayre n. beauty C III 370. [OEfiegern.] faire adv. 1. so ~ in such beauty XVI 66; in such terrible splendour XVIII 68, C XX 70. 2. graciously 14, XIII 180, A I 4, C I 7 1 ; civilly, courteously 158, XVI 65, A I 56, C XV 30; in a friendly way C XVII 31; warmly, hospitably V 626, XV 21, A VI 111, C IX 129, XVI 172; comp. X231, A XI 174; becomingly, w. due respect XI 440, XV 9, XIX/XXI 73, C XVIII 242. 3. clearly 12, A IX 24, C X 32; confidently V 471, A V 245, C VI 325; correctly, skilfully XV 374, C XVII 110; eloquently C XVII 84. 4. comp. more agreeably XX/XXII 314. [QEfegere] fairye n. enchantment, magic and marvels Pr6, A P r 6 . [A¥ faierie] fairnesse n. beauty II 77, XII 46, C XIII 172. [OEfegernes] faiterie, faytrye n. sham, fraud XI 92, C VIII 138. [AF] fay test v. pr.t.2sg. beg under false pretence C V 30; 3sg. C IX 100; pi. VII 95, XV 214, A VIII 77, C IX 171; paA.pl C IX 209. [Affair, pp. of faire] faithly adv. precisely XIX/XXI 70. [ME] faityng ger. shamming, imposture X 39. faitour n. fraud, humbug XX/XXII 5, A II 94, C IX 64; pi. cheats, frauds XV 215, A II 144, C II 196; pi. able-bodied beg65

fals - fauchon

Glossary

55. [OEfr.Lfalsum] Ms adj. 1. false, untrue V 88, A VI 67, C II 88; inpers. II 147, All 111, C II 163; lying V97, A V 77, C XII 198; disloyal XII 260; deceptive, treacherous VIII 42, XIII 327, A IX 38, C II 86, 94; dishonest VII 68, XIV 200, A VIII 70, C VI 258; sinful XIII 400; ~ men lawbreakers VI 219, XIX 247, A VII 205, C VIII 228; of weights and measures unlawful XIII 358, C XVI 130. 2. incorrect XI 304, C XIII 118; heterodox XIX/XXI 47; unjustly contrived XVIII 28, C XX 27; corrupted by perjury C XI 20. 3. spurious, fraudulent XV 507, C III 301, XVII 258; unmerited C III 114. 4. wicked, infamous, base IX 150, A X 210, C III 91. 5. as. n. be ~ falsehood II 4, A II 4, C II 4; pers. the false one II 151, A II 170, C II 156; the criminal lawbreaker III 139, A III 128, C III 177; the guilty party XIX/XXI 370. [AF fah(e) adj. and cp. prec.] falshede n. deceit, falsehood I 64, A I 62, C I 60; pers. Ill 39, A II 50, C II 152; dishonest practices V 287, C VI 342; ~ of fastynge surreptitious failure to observe fasts Pr71. [ME] falsliche adv. treacherously, by deceit XVIII 336, C XX 379; untruthfully C VI 428; fig. of confession invalidly C IX 269. [ME] falsnesse n. dishonesty XX/XXII 66; pers. II 78, A II 162, C II 72; deception, imposture, fraud XI 92, C XII 33; treachery XVI 154, C XVIII 171; doob - behave deceitfully XV 262. [fr. adj.] fame«. disrepute V 94, AV74. [AF] famed v. pp. defamed, slandered III 186, A III 173, CIII 232. [AFfamer] famyn(e), famyen n. famine VI 324, A VII 305, C VIII 344; hunger C VII 306. [AF famine] fantasies n. fantastic entertainments Pr 36, APr36, CPr37; delusory notions A XI 63. [AF] fare«. commotion, to-do XVIII 18, C XX 128. [OEfaru] farev. 1. go, journey VII 99, A VIII 81; pr.t.pl. II 184, A II 145; pp. V 5, A V 5; turned to VI 105, A VII 97, C VIII 112; imp.sg. ~ wel travel safely, goodbye XI 42, C XI 309; pi. XIII 180;

go about X 95; pp. gone, departed XII 5, XV 145. 2. behave, carry on XIII 148; pr.t.3sg. acts XIV 128, C XVIII 95; pa.t.sg. ~ by treated XI 420, C XIII 228; pi behave XI 71, XV 333, C XII 19; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 312, C XIII 228; fig. CXIX 114; pr.subj.pl. XIII 109, C XV 117. 3. get along, fare VI 224, A V 210; pr.t.pl XV 185; pa.t.pl. X 235; of an object pr.t.Ssg. C VI 335; pr.t.pl. ~ be werse came to grief IX 147, C X 235; pr.subj.sg. do less well yourself C XI 73; wel ~ have an easy life C V S . 4. impers. go, be the case, happen, turn out XVIII 226, C XX 235; pr.t.Ssg. VIII 37, A IX 33, C X 3 8 ; pr.subj.sg. X411, C XI 242. [OE faran, feran w. senses of AF faire] farten v. entertain as a podicinius, break wind to a tune XIII 231, C XV 205. [? OE] faste adj. grasping AII 63. [OEfest] faste int. adv. w. contextual sense: firmly I 44, A I 42, C I 42; solidly XVII 135, securely I 96, XV 242, A II 162, C I 92; closely IV 167, XVII 83, C XI 174; ~ by C II 183; busily Pr 40, XV 448, A VII 10, C IV 77; hard VI 109, XIII 61, A VII 192, C VIII 213; urgently XX/ XXII 324; rapidly Pr 67, IV 24, A I 113, IV 27, C VIII 342; intently XVI 169, A IV 133; soundly, dreamlessly XVIII 6; devoutly V 448, A V 220; earnestly XIV 274, 334; profusely V 472, A V 246, C VI 326; insistently V 443, AV215, C VII 57; a great deal X 70, A XI 56. [OE faste] faste(n) v. abstain from food and drink in religious observance or as penance I 101, V 173, AV209, C I 9 9 , XIII 381; prp. C VI 352. [OEfestan] fastynge ger. abstention from food and drink for religious reasons Pr 71, XX/ XXII 312, A Pr 68, C IX 234; ~ fastyng(e) dayes days canonically prescribed for fasting II 96, A V 156, C VI 182. fat(te) e ~ I 185, A I 159, C XI 21; of Jesus the loving and merciful X 35, A XI 27. 2. not Jewish, gentile C XVII 132. [AF] gentilliche, genteliche, ientily adv. courteously III 13, A III 13, C III 14; sweetly XIII 232, C XV 206. [fr. adj.] gentries n. nobility XIV 181; noble nature XVIII 22, CXX21. [AF genterise] geomesie n. geomancy, divination X 213, A XI 156. [AF geomande] geometric n. geometry X213, A XI 156. [AF] gerner, garner n. granary VII 135, A VIII 117. \AF gernier] gel-fees n. pi. saddle-girths IV 21, A IV 19. [cp. OIg/6r>] gesene adj. scarce XIII 270. [OE g&sne] gesse n. in phr. vp ~ by what comes into my head V 414. [cp. MDugessen v.] gest(e) «.(!) guest, visitor XV 285; pi. C XI80, XV 198. [cp.Olgestr] geste «.(2) adventure, story XIII 446, C VII 106; pi. romances, idle tales X 31,

XIII 230, C XV 204; pi. writings X 23, A XI 23, CXI 21. [AF] gete(n) v. 1. get possession of, acquire V 285; pa.t.2sg. XVIII 287, C XX 313; imp.sg. CXI 73; pp. V 287, XV 133, C XX 322, 396. 2. obtain (by conferment or bestowal) Pr216, IV 141, V 638, A VI 123, C XI 82; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 52; pi 1X181; pa.t.lsg. received IV 79, A IV 65, C IV 75. 3. earn Pr 34, XVIII 14, A Pr 34, C XX 12; pr.t.3sg. A VII 235; ~ good earn an honest penny IX 197, A X 211, C X 296; pp. won XVIII 98, C XX 101. 4. pa.t.3sg. begot I 33, XX/XXII 157, A X 160; pp. IX 195, XIX/XXI 121, A X 209, C X 294; ~ ayein recover V 617, A VI 103, C VII 269; ~ ingong gain admittance V 629, A VI 114, C VII 282. [OE gitdn and cp. OI geta] gybbe n. man's nickname (for Gilbert) V 91. giderc. guide V I I , XV 436, A V I I I , C VII 307. [AF] gide v. direct, govern XIX 227. [AF fr. n. and cp. CF guider] gyen v. direct, govern XIX/XXI 227, C II 201; pa.t.Ssg. II 188, A II 149. [AF guier] gifte, 3ifte n. 1. divine bestowal, gift V 617, XII 63, XIX/XXI 253, A VI 103, C XI 283, XIV 33; conferment XIII 245. 2. present, gift XI 194, C IV 138; pi. Ill 100, 211, A III 89, IV 124, C II 166, III 486. 3. reward for service X 159, A XI 111, CIII 339, XI 101; pi. Ill 214, VII 49, A III 198, CIII 267, XV 208. 3. pi. bribes II 150, 201, A II 114, III 229, C III 117, 451. [OE gift and cp. OI gipt] gilerc. 1. fraudulent trick, wile XVIII 357; lying XIX/XXI 454. 2. dishonest means XIII 369, XV 133, C VI 259, XVII 129. 3. deceit, dishonesty V205, XVI155, A VIII 41, C Pr 12, II 128; deception C II 26, XI 265; cunning, craftiness XIX/XXI 455, C VI 190; fig. XX/XXII 57; pers. II 70, XVIII 360, A II 149, C II 72, 129; pretension to learning XV 377, C XVII 112; subterfuge XVIII 357(2,3). [AF] gyle v. deceive, dupe C XVI 307; pr.t.Bsg. VII 69, A VIII 71, C IX 65; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 125, A XI 67. [AF gutter] gyles see DOUNES, SEYNT.

80

gille - gyue(n)

Glossary

instrument XIII 233, C XV 207. [CF guiterne, AF gitere] gyued v. pa.t.Ssg. shackled, fettred XX/XXII 192. [fr.gyuesn.] gyue(n), 3yue(n), yeue(n), 3eue v. 1. give (as a present) X 48, A XI 34, C III 499; pr.Usg. XII 145, C XIV 89; 3sg. XIV 151, C IX 133; pi. Ill 334; pa.t.3sg. VIII 52, XX 58; pi. V318, AV167, C VI 375; pp. Ill 182; intr. pr.t.pl. XV 331, 387; pi. giveaway Pr 76, APr73, C Pr 74; give in marriage II 120, IX 166; pr.tpl CX256; pp. II 121, A II 85, C II 129; given as dowry II 31; give in charge XIII 170; pa.t.3sg. VI 242, A VII 226, C III 412, VIII 253; imp.pl. dedicate XVII 271, C XIX 252; give in charity, give alms VII 70, 1X205, A XI 243, C VIII 177, X 304; pr.t.3sg. VII 80, XI 196, XIII 299, C IX 66, XIV 137; pi. VI 127, VII 83, A III 62, C VIII 133, IX 65; pa.t.lsg. C VI 47; 3sg. XII 253, XV 222, C XVI 347, XVII 67; pa.subj.sg. XII 198; imp.sg. C VIII 282, XII 165; intr. pa.subj.pl. gave benefactions XV 319. 2. give in a transaction III 210, A III 197, C III 266; pr.t.pl. C III 272; pa.t.3sg. II 225, VI 198, A II 184, III 20, C II 235; pi. XX/XXII 172, A VIII 43; intr. pay C XVII 129; pr.t.3sg. C III 293; pi. C III 303; pr.t.3sg. gives as a just reward III 232; give as a bribe C III 290; pr.Usg. Ill 138, A III 127, C III 176; pi. C III 288; pa.t.pl. IV 170; imp.sg. II 145, A II 109, CII 161; pp. II 149. 3. of the deity endow w. X452, XIX/XXI 225, C XI 277; pa.Usg. 115, 107, X 385, A I 15, XI 266, CIII 324, XI 210; pr.Usg. confers XIV 151(2), 321, CXVI 156; pr.subj.sg. V 51; pa.t.3sg. ~ Piers pardon conferred the power of absolution on Piers XIX/XXI 183; provide XIX/XXI 319; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 152; bestow (on) C IX 116; pr.t.2sg. XIV 169; 3sg. Ill 232, X 28, A VII 236, C III 339, XII 211; pa.Usg. XIX/XXI 54; grant XII 111, C XIV 56; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 60, A X 129, C XII 200; pr.subj.sg. VII 203, XII 275, A IV 91, VIII 181, C VI 61, X 60; imp.sg. XIV 170, XV 250; pr.subj.sg. in imprecation visit upon III 166, A II 85, C II 129. 4. in contextual senses: afford XV 437; pa.Usg. XIII 340; pr.t.lsg.

gillew. quarter-pint, gill V 339, A V 1 8 8 , C VI 397. [ML] gilour n. deceiver II 121, A II 85; pi. X 197, XVIII 339, C XX 382; of the devil XVIII 160, C XX 165; dishonest persons C III 100, 303. [AF] gilt, gult«. 1. offence, crime III 8, A III 97, C III 135; pi. C III 8; sins IX 146, C III 103, VI 176. 2. culpability, guilt IV 79, A V 219, C VII 61; fault XIII 256, C XV 226. [OEgylt] gilt, gult pp. gilded, gilt XV 221, C XX 12; ~ penne pen used for writing in gold letters XVII 15, C XIX 16. [cp. OE ofergyldan] gilty, gulty adj. culpable, guilty V 367, XII 193, C VI 175; comp. XII 79; as n. pe ~ X 264, XIX/XXI 302. [fr. n.] giltlees adv. without sin, innocently Pr 34, APr34. [ME] gyn n. stratagem, ingenious plan XVIII 252, C XX 261. [AFgz'n] gynfula^'. tricky, perplexing X213, A XI 156. [ME] gynnep, can v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. begins, sets about XVI 32, C XVIII 36; pi. X 112, C II 142; pa.Usg. IV 94, V 23, XI 320, A IV 81, C II 179, XIX 71, XX 95; undertook V 480, C VII 122; pa.t.lsg. started, began Pr 11, XI 116, A Pr 11, C XII 51; pa.t.3sg. V l l , 346, A V 194, 207, C VI 431, XII 109; fig. pr.subj.sg. XVII 226, C XIX 192. 2. w. red. sense aspa.t. aux. X 147, XX/XXII 386, A XI 168, CV105, XI 85, XV 2; 3sg. 1113, 173, IV 174, A VI 44, VII 139, C IV 148; pi. VIII 119, XIII 266, A IX 109, CIII 11, XV 189. [OEginnan] gynnyngger. beginning II 30, A X 29, C X 154. gyour n. guide XIX/XXI 425, XX/XXII 72. [AF] girdel n. belt XIII 293, C VI 43. [OE gyrdet] girdep, gerdip, gurdeth v. 1. imp.pl. strike II 202, A II 163, C II 216. 2. pa.t.lsg. vomited V 372. [OE *gyrdan] girles, gurles, gerles n. pi. young persons of either sex X 80; children I 33, A X 160, C IX 76, XVI 302; schoolboys X 180, A XI 132, C XI 120; choirboys XVIII 7, C X X 6 . [OE*gyrela] gyse n. fashion, style C Pr 26. [AF] gyterne, geterne n. stringed musical 81

gyue(n) - gnawen

Glossary

fig. give in enfeoffment A II 64; 3sg. II 93, C II 100; pa.t.Ssg. C III 323; pr.subj.sg. C III 316; pa.t.Bsg. imposed on XIV 9; render V 293, C VI 348; pr.t.Ssg. grants C XIII 83; pa.subj.sg. XVIII 383, C XX 425; pp. V 383, A V 211, C II 72; pa.t.3sg. pronounced XVIII 191, C XX 196; pa.t.pl. delivered XX/XXII 300; pr.subj.sg. fig. cause, bring about XII 60, C XIV 24; reckon, account XX/XXII 155; pr.t.pl. IV 37, XIX/XXI 454, C IV 37; pa.t.3sg. struck C VIII 187; pa.t.lsg. refl. applied, devoted V 439, C VII 53; pa.t.lsg. alienate at the expense of X 317, XV 323, CV163. [OE giefan, Ol gefa] gyuere n. one who gives VII 69, A VIII 71. [ME] gyues n. fetters, shackles XIV 53, C XV 252. [AFgive] glad adj. 1. merry, cheerful V 318, VIII 95, XV 169, A V 167, C VI 375; delighted, happy III 302, XV 167, A X 100, C III 283; comp. V 91, XXVKXII 62, AXI111; asn. XV 169, A XI 193, C XVI 302; cheerful VIII 95, A IX 85; friendly XVI 155. [OEgLed] glade(n), gladie v. bring joy to XVIII 256, XIX/XXI 147; pr.subj.sg. give joy (to) V 534; pr.t.pl. please A X 201; do honour to C XX 178; pa.t.Bsg. gladdened XX/XXI 171; cheer, hearten, comfort VI 119, A VII 111, C 1X301; pr.tpl. XVII 221, C XIX 187; amuse, entertain X44. [QEgladiari] gladly adv. w. pleasure C VI 105; w. a good will IV 194; open-handedly XV 222, C XVI 347. [fr. adj.] gla3e(n) v. fit w. glass, glaze III 49, A III 48, C III 65. [ME: cp. OEgLes n.] gla3ene adj. in phr. gyuen a ~ howue deluded XX/XXII 172. [OEglesen] glee, gle n. music Pr 34, A Pr 34. [OE gleo] gleede, glede n. glowing coal, ember II 12, XVII 227, C XIX 201; pi. XVII 221, C XIX 187; spark V283. [OEgled] gleman n. minstrel, musician IX 104, A XI 111, CXI 101; entertainer's, fiddler's V 346, A V 194, C VI 404. [ME] glide v. move soundlessly XVIII 431, C XX 475. [OEglldan] glorie n. 1. heavenly glory XVIII 265, C XX 342. 2. glorious conceit X I 1 7 , A

XI 70; ironic sublime overconfidence XX/XXII 157. [AF] gloriously adv. in splendid lettering XVII 15, C XIX 16. [ME: cp. AF glorious] glose n. explanatory comment XVII 15, C XIX 16; the Psalter gloss (Glossa Ordinaria) XII 294, XV 82, C VI 301; interpretation C III 329; particular qualification C X 242; sophistry C XV 81. [AF] gloseris, glosares n. pi. dishonest spiritual advisors XIX/XXI 221. [AF gloser, glosor] glose)) v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. uses fair words X 197; pr.p. as adj. flattering C IV 138. 2. invalidates in the course of drafting XI 306, C XIII 120. 3. gives false spiritual assurance for gain XX/XXII 368. 4. pa.t.pl. interpreted, explained Pr 60, A Pr 57, C Pr 58; pp. interpreted in the margin XVII 12, C XIX 13; as explained in the Glossa Ordinaria X 175, A XI 127, CXI 115. [AFgloser] glosyng ger. sophistical interpretation XIII 75; dishonest persuasion C VI 259; pi. XX/XXII 125. gloton, glotoun n. person w. uncontrolled appetite for food and drink, greedily selfindulgent person C XV 85; pi. 1X62; as term of abuse Pr 76, A Pr 73, C Pr 74; pers. as the deadly sin V 296, XIII 399, A V 146, C VI 357; of a greedy theologian, mocking his degree goddes ~ XIII 78; ~ of wordes person incapable of refraining from comment Pr 139. [AF] glotonye n. 1. uncontrolled appetite for food and drink, greed XIV 232, C XVI 73; pers. XIV 230, C XVI 71. 2. overindulgence at table Pr 22, X 51, A VII 285, C X I 64, XVI 76; in- fed to repletion Pr 43, A Pr 43, C Pr 44; in gluttonous sinfulness I 33, C I 29. 3. fig. the deadly sin II 93, A II 64, C II 100. [AF glotonie] gloue n. glove VI 153, A VII 140; pi. V 253, C XIII 48. [OEgloJ] glowe v. glow, be radiant fig. XVII 226, C XIX 192; fig. pr.t.Ssg. XVII 227, C XIX 193; prp. as adj. XVII 221, C XIX 187; pr.t.Ssg. ~ on fuyr are ablaze C III 103. [OEglowan] glubberes n. pi. gluttonous eaters and drinkers IX 62. [cp. ME glubbe n.] gnawen v. pr.t.pl. fig. in phr. ~ in/w. be 82

gnawen - good(e)

Glossary

gobet n. small portion, part C V 100. [AF] god«. 1. the deity, God Pr210, 1122, II 30, A I 85, III 53, C P r l l 7 , II 128; as constituting the Trinity X 246, XVII 184, C XVIII 237, XIX 31; in the person of Christ I 46, V 404, XI 244, A VII 193, C III 74, X 207. 2. one in whom the imago Dei has been restored I 90, A I 88, C I 8 6 . 3. idol 1X62; divine being XX/ XXII 57; pi. C XX 318. [OE] godchildren n. pi. 1. godsons or goddaughters IX 77. 2. fig. successors in the monastic life, children in God X 330. [ME] god(e)fray, godefrey n. man's name, Godfrey V316, A X 21, C VI 373. godfader n. male sponsor in baptism IX 77. [ME] godheden. the nature of God C XVIII 226, 237; divinity 1X47, XIX/XXI 158, A X 36; the divine presence XIX/XXI 197. [OE godhdd] godmoder n. female sponsor in baptism IX 77. [ME] goere n. in phr. ~ to one who frequents 1X106 [fr. v.] goyng ger. \. going, departure XIV 165. 2. conduct A X 53, C X 300. 3. guise, likeness C XX 327. gokyn. fool XI 306, C XIII 121. [cp. OI gaukr, cuckoo] gold n. 1. the precious metal III 22, IV 95, A III 23, C Pr 180, IV 91; gold thread II 16, A II 13. 2. gold coins, money X 159, XV 166, A II 109, III 127, C VI 246, IX 133. [OE] gold adj. made of gold II 11, C XVIII 207. [ME] goliardeis n. one lacking in respect, flippant scoffer, sceptic Pr 139. [cp. AF goliardie] gome n.(l) 1. man V 367, X 230, XIX/XXI 121, A VI 22, C XIII 92, 120, XVI 307; pi. II 74, VI 216, A II 56, C Pr 44, X 236; as adju. C XX 328. 2. servant, follower XVII 88. [OEguma] gome n.(2) heed, note C XIX 15. [cp. OI gaumr] gommes n. pi. aromatic gums II 229, A II 188, C II 239. [AF] gonnes n. pi. guns, cannon C XX 291. [AF gunne] good(e), goed n. 1. goodness, righteousness,

gorge speak censoriously of X 58, A XI 44, CXI 39. [OEgnagan] gnedy adj. selfish C XV 85. [cp. OE gnede n.] go, gon(e), goo(n), goen v. 1. walk V 346, XX 192, A V 194, C VI 404; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 39; pp. V 372; in pers. ~ wel IX 22, A X 21, C X 148; pr.t.Ssg. ~ pryuely is stealthy XIX/XXI 300. 2. travel, proceed II 155, V 561, A II 119, C XIII 53, XIV 93; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 114; pr.subj.sg. IV 127, A IV 110, C IV 124; prp. XIX/XXI 158; pr.subj.sg. set out V 638, A VI 123, C VII 291. 3. go away, depart II 214, 1X94, A XI 48, C II 224, XII 212; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 225; 3sg. C IV 100, XVI 106; pi. Ill 245, A VIII 181, C IX 349; fig. pr.t.pl. XV 145, C XVI 284; pr.t.Ssg. is spent C XIX 77; pp. past C XX 296. 4. go (to a person, objective, destination) V 296, 512, A XI 52, C V 105, XIV 93; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 232, C XVI 73; pi. Pr43, APr43, C Pr 44; pr.subj.sg. C XI 198; approach C XIX 64. 5. go (and do sthing) V 24, 640, A VII 221, C VII 296, VIII 151; pr.t.pl. VII 95, A IX 49, C IX 171; pr.subj.sg. VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII 28; pi. Pr227, A P r l O S , CPr231; imp.sg. II 145, IX 135, XI 54, C X 284, XII 164. 6. imp.sg. turn, refer I 46, XV 377, A VII 216, C VIII 238; pi. XV 82; pr.subj.pl. let us consider C XVIII 226; turn, have recourse VII 135, A VIII 117; imp.sg. X 197. 7. go on, continue II 202, IX 84, A XII 76, C IX 117, XI 48; pr.subj.pl. A XII 69. 8. pr.t.Ssg. go about X 366, C XII 101; pp. C XX 328. 9. in phr. pp. ~ amonges been present among V 205, A V 121, C VI 213; ~ ayein fight XIX/XXI 359; pr.subj.sg. match XVIII 357; pr.t.Ssg. ~ into leads into 1 205, A I 179; - t o be w., accompany IX 109; pr.t.pl. ~ to make up, constitute C XVIII 237; ~ togideres be associates III 226; ~ semelich ne sitte live in the grand style C XIX 249; pr.t. pi. fig. ~ so pikke move in such throngs III 157; pr.subj.sg. vnhende ~ wib be may it go harshly w. you XX/XXII 186; lat ~ pass round V 336, A V 185, C VI 394. [OE gdn] See YEDEN, WENDEN. gobelyn n. a minor devil's name XVIII 293, C XX 323. [AF gobelin] 83

good(e) - grace

Glossary

virtuous conduct III 223, V 43, 634, A IV 108, X 52, C VII 287, X 94, XIV 164; the good XVI 110 C XX 318. 2. good people IX 163, XVIII 279, C IX 15, XX 301; of abstractions C III 366. 3. good deeds, acts of kindness III 243, X 204, A IX 85; benefit XI 382, C I 24. 4. good sense Pr 182, CPrl99. 5. property I 182, II 132, V274, A XI 248, C II 35, III 95, XII 212; thing of value XV 140; means, resources XVIII 132; pi. possessions II 76, IV 163, A III 248, VIII 51, C VI 258, VIII 144. [OEgod] good, goed adj. in contextual senses: excellent V 166(1), XII 30, XV 350, A XI 204, CXI 217, XIII 29, XVIII 12; of good quality Pr 227, V 302, A Pr 105, C X 207, XVI 73; morally good, virtuous III 64, 75, V595, A II 32, 1X52, X 53, C Pr 29, V 62, VI 18; true, rightful II 30; well-behaved XV 216; morally acceptable, lawful V 285, C VI 341; to be commended XIV 281(1), C XVI 121(1); commendable XX/XXII 34; discerning V 166(2); correct, true, sound XIV 281(2), XVIII 339, C XI 302, XVII 58, XVIII 83; solid XIX/XXI 235; careful XI 111, XVII 106, C IX 71, XIX 15; fitting, appropriate XVI 194, XVIII 69, 162, C XVIII 203; w. spiritual sense benevolent, loving XII 272, XV 169, XVIII 212, C VI 436, XVI 308; beneficial 136, XV 437, A I 34, C I 34; ~ matere religious instruction XV 58; felicitous, favourable V 98, XVIII 161, A VII 69, C VIII 79; prosperous XVIII 108, C XX 111; fine, generous XIII 234, XV 146, C XV 208; powerful V531, A VI 19, C VII 176; of praise high XI 297, C VII 108; good looking XIII 361, C VI 260; brave XV 436; correct XII 60, XVII 352, C VI 337; firm, confident XVII 315, XX/XXII 167, C XIX 295; -herte courage XX/XXII 180; ~ woon in abundance XX/XXII 171; as n. good food VI 137, A VII 131. [OEgod] good adv. well Pr 60, A Pr 57, C Pr 60; generously A XI 248. [fr. adj.] goodliche adv. w. a good will, gladly I 182, A I 156, CXI 136; righteously XI 281. [ME] goodnesse, goednesse, goudnesse n. I. of the deity benevolence, merciful kindness I 122, V 447, 480, XIX/XXI 267, A V

219, CVI61, VIII 352; kindness III 21, A III 20, C III 22. 2. disposition to virtuous conduct, moral excellence XVI 62, A X 80. [OEgodnes] goos n. goose C VIII 303; pi. Pr 227, A IV 38, CV19. [OEgos] goost, gost, goest n. 1. soul 136, 1X47, A I 34, C XI 227; in ~ spiritually C VI 175; in thought C VII 150. 2. holy ~ the third person of the Trinity, Holy Ghost X 244, 247, A XI 301, C XIV 84. 3. demon XVIII431, C XX 475. [OEgdst] goostly adj. spiritual XV 573, 576. [OE gdstlic] goostliche adv. as a spirit XX/XXII 40. [OEgdstlice] gorge n. gullet X 67, A XI 53; throat, neck X 58, A XI 44, C XI 39. [AF] gospel, gospell(e) n. the writings of the New Testament, Gospel I 46, A VIII 113, CX242; scripture, the Bible Pr 60, IX 148, A Pr 57, C Pr 58, X 236; knowledge of the scripture XI 307, C XIII 121. [OEgodspel] gossip n. familiar term of address V 302, A V 152, C VI 357; pi. cronies, intimates CVI47. [OEgodsibb] gopele(n), gothly v. rumble V 340, XIII 89, C VI 398. [?] goutes, gowtes n. pi. attacks of gout XX/ XXII 192. [AF] gouerne v. rule HI 285, A III 261, C III 438; regulate, control V 51; pr.t.Ssg. exercises control over XX/XXII 34. [AF governer} gowne, goune n. robe, gown (worn by either sex) XV 167, C XVI 300; pi. XIII 227, C XV 201. [AF] graces. 1. God's forgiveness of original sin which enables the soul to be saved, grace I 202, V 446, 629, XI 149, A V 254, VI 103, VIII 181, C I 197, III 100, V 100, VI 61; fig. C I 200; benign will 1X60; A X 48; (divine) benevolence III 232, VI 126, 1X48, XII 275, A III 219, C II 135, IX 55, XII 185; fig. XII 59, XV 424, C XIV 24, XVII 48; pers. XIX/XXI 274, 319; divine favour XIX/XXI 30, CXI 206. 2. God's gift of a particular favour V 261, IX 103, XI 408, C III 329, XI 283, XIV 2; pi. blessings XV 66. 3. divinely conferred aptitude, talent X 385, XIX/XXI 227; coll. XIX/XXI 215; pi. II 29; ironic V 84

grace - greyn

Glossary

[AF] grauntev. 1. permit, allow XI 128, C XII 63; pr.t.3sg. XI 97; pa.t.3sg. A XII 25; pr.subj.sg. V 605, A VI 92, C VII 254; pp. A X 206. 2. pr.t.lsg. assent IV 194, A IV 157; assent to C III 366; pr.t.3sg. A II 24; pr.t.3sg. consents II 155, A II 119, C II 171; pa.t.3sg. C II 128; pa.t. Isg. expressed a wish, offered XVII 88. 3. decree C IX 278; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 338, A XI 196; pa.t.3sg. II 120, A II 84; pr.subj.sg. VI 331, C VIII 352; allot C III 252, 331; pp. Ill 254, VII 105, A III 233. 4. confer, bestow (on), give, grant I 173, VII 179, XVII 225, A XI 300, C I 86, V 192; pr.t.lsg. Ill 108, A III 97; 3sg. C IX 8; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 172, IX 48, XIX/XXI 183, A X 36, C III 218; pr.subj.sg. XIV 321, C XVI 156; imp.sg. C VI 102; pp. VII 8, XI 149, A VIII 8, C III 135, XX 187; pr.t.lsg. convey by process of law II 87; pr.t.3sg. C II 91; pp. C II 72. 5. pr.t.3sg. promises XII 294; pa.t.3sg. XVI 241; gave her consent to XVI 97, C XVIII 130. [AF graunter] graue n. tomb XV 593, C XVII 302; pi. graves XVIII 62, C XX 64. [OE graft graue v. carve, engrave III 49, A III 48, C III 52; pp. cut, stamped IV 130, XV 545, A IV 113, C IV 127, XVII 207. [OE grafan] grauynge ger. carving, engraving III 64, A III 53, CIII 68, 74. grece n. lard XIII 63. [AF] greden v. 1. cry out, shout III 71, A III 62; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 425; pi. II 74, C XIV 33; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 386; pi A II 56. 2. pr.t.pl weep C VIII 283, IX 76; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 78. [QEgreden] gredy adj. greedy V 340, C VI 398. [OE grtedig] gredyre n. gridiron C II 133. [cp. AF gredile] gree, gre n. decision in (his) favour XVIII 98, C XX 101. [AFgre\ greete, grete v. weep V 379, A V 207. [OE gretan] greetnesse «. size XVI 59. [OEgreatnes] gregorie n. Pope Gregory the Great V 166, A XI 204, C V 146. greyn n. 1. crop (of cereal plants) VI 126, A VII 118, C VIII 132, XII 178; pi. fig. XIX/XXI 317. 2. grain, corn VI 119, A

205, A V 1 2 1 , C VI 213; special gift C VI 83. 4. goodwill, favour I 79, III 108, IV 141, V290, A I 77, C III 135, IV 138, XIV 132; mercy, compassion VIII 105, XII 192, A IX 95, C VII 251; forgiveness of sins V 446, 638, XVII 301, A V 218, C VII 60, 291; pers. V 595, A VI 92, C VII 248; dispensation V 51, C V 192; permission III 172, A III 159, CIII 218; indulgence I I I , A l l 1, C II 1; lip in ... ~ depend(s) upon ... favour IV 73, A IV 59, C XX 428; do/put ... in ... ~ throw ... upon ... mercy XVIII 90, C II 247, XX 92. 5. good luck V 98, A V 78, XI 266, CIII 324, V98; success XV 250; misfortune V 152. 6. pi. prayers of thanksgiving XIV 63, C XV 262. [AF] gracious adj. pleasing VI 227; full of grace C III 354, XIV 133. [AF] graciousliche adv. by divine grace C XVIII 7; by an act of grace XVIII 357. [ME] graffe n. graft, fruit-bearing wood C I 200. [AF greffe, graife] graffenv. graft V 138. [ME fr. n.] gray, grey adj. grey XV 167, C XVI 300; as n. by melon, sober clothing XV 221, C XVI 346. [OE greg, greg] graip, grayeth adj. 1. ready, available XII 194. 2. plain, unmistakable, evident A VIII 41, CIII 89, XI 242. 2. true, honest C VI 230. 3. direct, straight I 205; superl. C I 200. [cp. OI greifr] graiply adv. 1. straightaway C VII 296, XI 136; readily XI 41, C XI 308. 2. worthily, fairly XVIII 292, C XX 322. [ME] grameriens n. pi. those able to read Latin XIII 73. [AF gramarein] grammar, gramer n. Latin grammar X 180, XV 372, A XI 132, CXI 120. [AF gramaire] grant mercy exclam. formally expr. gratitude and a sense of obligation X 224, A XI 166, C XVII 88. [CF] grape n. bunch of grapes XIV 31. [AF] gras n. 1. herbage, grass XI 366, XIV 44, C VI 431; grazing C IV 49. 2. fig. herbal remedy C VI 84; repentance and forgiveness of sin XII 59, C VI 84, XIV 23. [OEgras] graunge, grange n. rural appurtenance of a great estate fig. XVII 74, C XIX 73.

85

greyn - grys

Glossary

VII 111, C VIII 126; seed C XII 185, XIII 23; pi. XIX/XXI 274. 3. particle, grain X 144, A XI 97, C XI 82. 4. in phr. of ~ through and through, thoroughly XVI 59. [AF grain] grekes n. pi. schismatic Greeks of the Eastern Church XV 390, 501, 605. [OE grecas] grene adj. 1. green XI 366. 2. of healthy growth, vigorous XV 102, XVI 59, C XVI 255; fig. XV 424, C XVII 48; live XVIII 48, C XX 45; tender, growing XIV 44, C XV 242. 3. unripe VI 281, 298, A VII 282, C VIII 303; as adv. C XVI 250. [OE grene] grepe see GRYPE. gret, greet adj. 1. large, big Pr 55, XIX/XXI 262, XX/XXII 113, A XII 69, CPr53, XVIII 62, 111; huge XX/XXII 215; comp. more ~ C XVIII 65; fat V 353, XIII 78, C XV 85; ~ wife childe XVIII 130, C XX 133. 2. notable XIV 37. 3. of high rank, grand IX 22, XIII 234, A X 21, C Pr 179; famous, eminent X 67, XV 82, A XI 53, C II 179, VIII 87; comp. XIX/XXI 128; superl. paramount 1X60, C X 154; most powerful XIV 256, C XVI 96. 4. of the deity pe ~ god the supreme deity II 29, A X 29, C XVI 256; comp. of a person of the Trinity more exalted XVII 182, C XIX 148; superl. C X 154. 5. as contextual int. great III 21, VIII 9, AV102, 1X9, C III 22; abounding 1X48; comp. XVIII 362, C XIX 297; intense XI 149, XIV 130, C XV 184, XX 342; grievous III 245, XVIII 98, A III 164, C III 223; strong XI 264; extreme V 447, XIV 235, XX/XXII 20, A V 2 1 9 , C VII 61; profane X51, A XI 37, C Pr 36; fig. II 93, A II 64, C II 100; pers. ~ opes V 306, A V 157, C VI 361; particular, close XIII 271; long IV 46, A IV 33; splendid XIII 362, C VI 261, XVIII 148; profuse II 149, All 113, C II 165; solemn II 70, CPrl37; violent VIII 39, A IX 35, C X 45; heavy C IX 259; puffed up CVI18; comp. better XVII 39; deeper XII 79; ~ Than more than equal to XVII 317, C XIX 297; as n.: coll. pe ~ the magnates IV 159; in phr. as ~ as high a price C III 89; so- so much wealth XII 253. [OE great] grete(n) v. 1. greet, welcome XVIII 175;

pa.t.lsg. XVI 226, C XVIII 242; 3sg. C IV 42; pa.t.pl. C XII 207; toast, drink to V 335, C VI 393. 2. pr.t.lsg. send greetings to X 174, A XI 126, CXI 114; pa.t.lsg. paid respects to X 227, A XI 170, C XI 136, XVIII 183; 3sg. XX/XXII 355. 3. pa.t.lsg. took leave of X224, A XI 166. [OEgretan] gretly, greetliche adv. magnificently XVIII 7, CXX6. [ME] gretter adv. comp. more severely XX/XXII 28, CPrl22. [ME] greut, greeut n. the earth, ground C XIII 23. [OE great] greuaunces n. pi. fig. uncomfortable swellings XII 59. [AF grevaunce] greue(n) v. 1. harm, injure IX 203, X 209, XIX/XXI 336, C V 58, XIII 60; pr.t.3sg. XVII 204, C III 92; pi. X 209; pa.t.Bsg. C IV 95; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 290; pr.subj.sg. hurts C XVI 121; fig. pp. C XIX 147; pr.t.3sg. aches C VIII 268. 2. afflict Pr 153, XIV 53, XIX/ XXI 219, C VIII 338; pr.t.2sg. XIV 113, C XV 289; afflict w. temptation XI 41; pr.subj.sg. XIV 230, C XVI 71; oppress XX/XXII 28. 3. offend VI 229, A VII 213, C VIII 235; distress XIII 73; pr.t.Bsg. angers XV 257; pa.t.3sg. C VI 111; pp. Pr 203, XV 47, C P r 2 1 1 ; pr.t.pl. trespass against C XI 25; refl. pr.t.3sg. becomes indignant VI 316; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 139. 4. cause anxiety, concern (to) XVII 19, C XIX 20; pr.t.3sg. troubles XI 281; pr.t.pl. make unhappy V 98, A V 78; make trouble for X292. [AFgrever] greuous adj. heavy, severe XIV 235, C XVI 76. [AFgrevous] griffyn, gryffyth n. man's name V316, C VI 373. grymadj. horrible V 353, C VI 411. [OE grim] grymly adv. sternly X 267; miserably A V207. [fr. adj.] grype n. act of grasping C XIX 147. [OE gripe] grype v. lay hands on, get hold of C III 283; pr.t.3sg. grips C XIX 128; grasps C III 89; accepts III 250, A III 229; pp. Ill 182, A III 169; intr. pr.t.3sg. takes hold XVII205, C XIX 171. [OEgnpan] grys ».(1) young pig C VIII 303; pi. Pr 227, A IV 38, CIV 49. [cp.OIgnss] 86

grys - haluebreberen

Glossary

hacches n. pi. gates, wickets C V 29. [OE htec\ hachet n. short-handled battle-axe III 306, CIII 459. [AFhachette] hayl n. shower of hailstones XIII 161, C XV 163. [OE hiegel\ hayl excl. of greeting in phr. Al ~ A XII 62. [cp.Olheill] hailsed, halsed v. pa.t.lsg. greeted V 102, A V 82, C X 10; 3sg. VII 166, A XII 79, pi. VII 166, A VIII 144, C IX 310. [cp. OI heilsa] hayward n. watchman and field keeper of a village or manor C V 16; fig. farm overseer XIX/XXI 332. [OE h<egweard] hakeneyman n. hostler, horse-coper V 310, AV161, VI 365, 378. [ME] hakeneys n. pi. saddle horses C II 178. [AF] hakke, hacky v. in phr. ~ after work away at, as w. a hoe XIX/XXI 401. [OE hacciari] half n. side II 5, A II 7, C II 5; pi C VIII 349; region, part C XVIII 66; pi of a marriage C II 58; in phr. on body ~ in front XIII 316; party, faction III 181, A III 168, CIII 227. [OE] half adj. amounting to one of two equal parts, half II 231, III 326, A VII 4, C V 133. [OE] halfpeny, halpeny adj. costing a halfpenny (per gallon) VI 305, A VII 289, C VIII 327. [OE healfpenig] halyday, holy day n. religious festival V 402, A VII 12, C IX 232; pi. VII 20, A VIII 22, C VI 272; day of rest XIII 414, CI124. [OE haligdag] halie v. drag, pull C X 94. [CF baler] halle n. great house, manorial hall A II 38; common or public room of a great house or castle, hall X 97, C VII 93; pi. V 590, A VI 77, C VII 237; westmynstre ~ the meeting place of Parliament XX/ XXII 133. [OEhealt\ hals n. neck Pr 170, A II 157, C Pr 196. [OE heals] halsed see HAILSED. halsede v. pa.t.lsg. entreated, adjured I 73, A I 71, CI70. [OEhdlsian] halsyng ger. embracing, fondling C VI 187. [MEfr. halsn.] haluebreperen n. half-brothers fig. XVIII 393, C XX 436. [cp. OI half-brofir]

grys n.(2) bv melon, fur-trimmed garments XV 221, C XVI 346. [AFgrw] grisly adj. fearsome XVIII 431, C XX 475. [OEgrisllc] grone v. be sick VI 258, A VII 242; pa.t.3sg. groaned XX/XXII 311. [OE grdnian] gronyng ger. discomfort, pain A XII 76. grope v. feel, touch XIII 346, XIX/XXI 170, CVI180; pr.t.Ssg. touches C XIX 128; palpates fig. XX/XXII 363. [OE grdpian] grote n. silver coin worth four pennies V 31, A V 1 3 8 , C VI 230; pi. Ill 138, A IV 113, C XVII 207. [MDugroot] ground n. 1. origin, source II 29, C III 354, XVII 141; basis V 285, XV 372, C XVII 108. 2. surface of the earth, ground V 18, A XI 96, C XIII 166; floor XII 201, C XIV 140; by ~ in extent XVIII 45, C XX 44. 3. the earth I 90, VI 229, A IX 35, C X 60; soil, earth C XVII 91; fig. XVI 62. [OE grund] groundep/?. ground into meal A VII 169; of spices in a sauce mixed, blended XIII 43, C XV 48; of a spear sharpened on a grindstone XVIII 78, C XX 80. [OE grinden] growe v. 1. grow C X 208; pr.t.Ssg. VI 119, A VII 111, C VIII 126; pi. XIX/XXI 313, C XII 224; pa.t.3sg. XIV 31; pi. XI 366, C XIII 176; fig. pr.t.Ssg. C XVIII 83; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 7; pi. XVI 56, C XVIII 23; flourish XX/XXII 57, C XIV 23; pr.t.3sg. XII 60, C XIV 24; fig. XVI 9. 2. fig. increase, spread XV 424, C XX 400; pr.t.Ssg. pat forp ~ living creature C X 1 5 3 . [OE growan] growel n. thin porridge, gruel A VII 167. [AF] gruche v. grumble, complain C VIII 336; pa.t.lsg. C VI 111; pr.subj.sg. A X 116; pi. Prl53, VI 216, A VII 202, C Pr 173, VIII 226; pr.t.Ssg. is discontented VI 316. [AF grucher] gut, gottn. 1. belly 136, A I 34, C I 34; pi. X 58, A XI 44, C XI 39. 2. pi. entrails, guts IV 186, A XII 76, C VIII 175, XV 96. [OEguttaspL]

H habite n. clothing, (religious) habit Pr 3, A P r 3 , C P r 3 . [AF] 87

haluendele - harlot

Glossary

haluendele n. half part C VII 29. [OE healfan ddle] halwev. consecrate XV 529, C XVII 279. [OE hdlgian] hand, ho(e)nd n. 1. hand XV 122, A III 55, C XIX 112; pi. VIII 81, A VII 232, C VIII 258. 2. pi. by synec. manual labour V 286, VI 307, A VIII 63, C Pr 226, XVII 18; skill, manual craft XIII 297; prowess in combat XI 297, XIX/XXI 246, C XIII 111. 3. pi. custody, control X 438, C III 243; sg. in phr. in his ~ by the reins XVII 67, C XIX 66; vnder ~ made up by XV 455. [OE] handy dandy adv. covertly, secretly IV 75, A IV 61, CIV 68. [ME] handle v. 'search' wounds, palpate XX/ XXII 313; pp. dealt w. II 135, A II 99. [OE handlian] handlynge ger. touching XIV 56, C XV 255; caressing C VI 187. handmaiden, hondmayden n. maidservant XVI 98, C XVIII 131. [ME] handwhile n. short space of time XIX/XXI 272. [OE hand hwtl] hangeman n. executioner C VI 368. [ME] hange(n), honge(n) v. 1. hang Pr 170, C Pr 187; pa.t.Ssg. VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60; pi. I 174, A I 148, C I 170; imp.sg. IV 22, A IV 20; pp. fastened, attached Pr 176, C Pr 193; hang on the gallows XVIII 379, C XX 421. 2. w. cans. v. put to death by hanging C III 150; pr.t.3sg. Ill 141, A III 130, C III 179; imp.sg. Ill 113, A III 102; pp. V 234, CX240, XVII 138; refl. pr.t.pl. C X 163; pa.tJsg. I 68, A I 66; pp. V 279. 3. be suspended, hang II 196, XVII 6, A II 157, C XX 259; pr.t.Bsg. XV 214, CPr99; pi V 594, C VII 242. 4. dwell, persist XIII 390; pr.t.Ssg. clings C XIV 214; pp. Ill 181, A III 168, C III 227. 5. prp. ~ berinne belonging to it XII 292; in phr. nekke ~ head thrust forward V 136. [OEhangian] hangynge ger. death by hanging C III 408. hanselle, hansele, hansull n. toast of welcome V 318, A V 167, C VI 375. [cp. OE handselen] hap n. good luck, good fortune XII 106, XX/XXII 385, C III 298, XIV 51; pi. strokes of good fortune V 98, A V 78; gifts of grace A XII 111. [cp. OI happ]

happe v. befall, happen to III 286, A III 262, CIII 439; pr.Usg. C IX 113; turn out, happen VI 46; pr.subj.sg. XVI 87, C XVIII 119; chance, happen C XIII 47; trans, have the luck C XI 111; impers. w. dat. pa.t.sg. he had the good fortune C V95. [fr. n.] happily, hapliche adv. perhaps, maybe V 615, A VI 101, C VII 267. [ME] hard adj. 1. hard, solid XVII 11, C XIX 12. 2. hard, difficult IV 183, X 212, XX/XXII 335, A IV 146, C XVI 119. 3. violent, fierce XX/XXII 217, 300; distressing XIV 325; severe, bitter C III 400, XII 199. 4. unfeeling, cruel C XII 244; comp. I 191, A I 165, C I 187. [OE heard] harde adv. securely, tightly I 197, XVII 159, A I 171, C I 192; intently XI 85; strenuously Pr 21, A Pr 21, C Pr 23; violently, fiercely XX/XXII 216, 301; roughly XX/XXII 185; comp. more severely C Pr 122; superl. XII 179, C XIV 119. [OEhearde] hardy adj. brave, bold IV 60, XIV 308, A IV 47, C III 237, IX 266; comp. XIX/XIX 58; resolute XIX/XXI 290; insolent XVIII 77, C III 322; confident C III 299, 352; comp. XVII 108. [AF hardi] bardie v. encourage, hearten XV 437. [ME fr. adj.] hardier adv. comp. more confidently XIV 262, C XVI 102. hardiliche, hardelyche adv. actively, energetically VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII 28; comp. w. more assurance C VI 305. [fr. adj.] hardynesse n. courage XIX/XXI 31; insolence CXX79. [ME] harew. hare V417, C VII 32; pi VI 29, A VII 31, C VIII28. [OEhara] harewe(n) v. till w. a harrow, harrow XIX/XXI 268, 309, C V 19; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 272; imp.pl. XIX/XXI 315. [fr. harwe n.] harlot n. 1. outlaw XVII 111; pi. rogues, criminals XIV 183, XVII 279, C XIX 260; hired ruffians C III 301. 2. person of low birth XVIII 77. 3. ribald entertainer XIII 433, C VII 93; pi. VI 52, X 30, A VII 47, C XI 26. 4. pi. idle layabouts C VI 369; professional beggars IV 118, A IV 104, CIV 113. [AF] 88

harlotrie - haue(n)

Glossary

as an enemy V 116; pi XI 183; pa.t. Isg. VI01, A V 8 1 ; 3sg. XX/XXII 294, A X 151; pi. XVIII 302; pp. C VI 11. 3. pa.t.3sg. showed hatred for, punished III 279, A III 257, C III 432. 4. shun X 96. [OEhatian] hatrede, hattrede n. hostility, hatred III 141, A III 130, CIII 179. [ME] haubergeon n. coat of mail XVIII 23, C XX 22. [AF] haukes n. pi. hawks IV 125; gen.sg. V 431, C VII 44. [OEhafoc] haukyn n. Hawkyn the Active Man, Activa Vita XIII 272. haukynge ger. falconry, hunting game w. a hawk III 313, CIII 466. [ME] haunt n. frequent visits, resort XIV 253, C XVI 93. [AF] haunten, hauntep v. 1. pr.t.pl. are often guilty of, habitually sin by Pr 77, III 59, A Pr 74, C Pr 75; pr.subj.sg. are given to C XI 109. 2. pp. practised as an occupation C XV 196. [AF haunter] haue(n), han v. 1. possess, own, have VI 246, XI 273, XIII 201, A VII 230, C V 16; pr.t.lsg. I 138, V 259, A III 99, V 152, C I 137, VI 128, VII 44; 2sg. V 303, A V 153, C V 26, VI 341; 3sg. II 10, 25, A VII 229, C IX 89, 115; pi. Pr 37, VI 124, A VIII 117, CIII 118, 270; pa.t.Isg. XIII 309, C VI 57; 3sg. VI 239, A IX 80, C VI 262; pi. C XIII 6; pr.subj.sg. II 49, XI 23, A X 207, CVI 309; pi. VI 11, C VIII 10; pa.subj.sg. VI 1, XII 199; pi. IX 163, C X 254; pp. V 165, 431; intr. pr.t.lsg. have property VI 83, A VII 75, C VIII 92; pi. XV 331, 341; abs. pr.t.2sg. have the means C XVII 64; pr.subj.pl. had any C XV 35; intr. ~ of X 30. 2. acquire, come by, attain to, get Pr 27, XIII 357, A III 49, C Pr 29, IV 68; pr.tlsg. V 243, XVI 52; 3sg. Ill 335, XIV 217, C XVI 58; pi. I 183, XV 137, A X 193, C I 179; pa.t.lsg. V456, A V 2 2 8 , C VI 85; 3sg. XII 196, XIX/XXI 107, A V 193(2), C VI 310; pi. Pr49, VII 164, A Pr 49, C XIII 169; pr.subj.sg. XIII 260, find XX/XXII 385; pi. I 8, III 352, C I 8; pa.subj.sg. XIX 447, C VI 66, 113; pi. XI 74, C XII 22; abs. got possession C VI 265; intr. XIII 366; ~ a3eyne repossess C III 332; draw upon, have recourse to C XII 172. 3. receive, be

harlotrie n. 1. ribaldry, scurrility, bawdy entertainment IV 115, X 46, A IV 106, C VII 75, XI 26; bawdy story V 406, C VII 22. 2. sexual adventures XIII 353; dissolute behaviour XIII 430, C VII 90. [fr. n.] harm«. 1. injury, harm III 80, V 103, A III 69, C VI 109, IX 47; loss, trouble A IV 28; pi. IV 31. 2. calumny, slander C VI 117. [OEhearm] harme v. injure, harm A XI 252; pp. II 205, XIII 107, A II 166, C II 251; intr. pa.t.Bsg. did wrong, committed an offence III 141, A III 130, C III 179. [OE hearmian] harneis, barneys n. armour XV 221, C XVI 346. [AF] harpe n. in phr. in pin ~ to the tune of your harp A I 137. [OE hearpe] harpen v. play the harp XIII 231, C XV 205; pa.t.pl. XVIII 407, C XX 450. [OE hearpian] harpour n. minstrel Xiy 25. [AF and cp. OE hearpere] harrow excl. of distress, alarm XX/XXII 88. [AFharou] haspide see YHASPED. haste n. in ~ hurriedly, hastily XX/XXII 136; immediately VI 174, 242, 296, A VII 159, C XIV 175. [AF] hasteb v. refl. pr.t.Bsg. is coming in haste VI 322, A VII 303, C VIII 342; pa.t.2sg. hurried III 194, A III 181; imp.sg. C III 419. [AF barter] hastily, hasteliche, hastly adv. without delay, quickly XI 252, XIX/XXI 356, C XII 164; soon XX/XXII 167; superl. w. the least delay XIX/XXI 469. [ME: cp. AF hastij] hastitew. careless haste C XVII 118. [AF: cp. CF hastivete] hat(t) n. hat V 194, A VI 8, C VI 202. [OE bet] hater, hatur n. garment XIV 1, C IX 157. [OE beteru] haterynge ger. clothing, dress XV 78. [ME fr. prec.] hatien v. 1. detest, hate XV 106, C XVI 260; pr.t.lsg. XIII 235, C XV 213; 3sg. XIII 419, C VII 79; imp.sg. VI 50, A VII 45; fig. conflicts w. XIV 224, C XVI 120; pi. IV 115, A IV 106, C XVII 138; pa.t.pl. C IX 191; pp. V 384, IX 102, A V 2 1 2 , C V I 11. 2. pr.t.lsg. hate 89

haue(n) - heed

Glossary

given, have Pr 82, II 102, IV 88, A Pr 82, II 87, C II 35, III 101; pr.t.lsg. V 550, A VI 37, C XV 208; 3sg. Ill 221, VIII 55, A VI 39, CXI101;/?/. VII 11, IX 158, A VIII 86, C IX 175, XVI 3; pa.t.lsg. XI 408, XIII 244, C XIII 216; 3sg. II 143, V331, A V 1 8 0 , VII 223, C VI 146, VIII 279; pi. VII 18, 64, All 131, C I I 166, 1X43; pr.subj.sg. X 46, AV173, Clll 298; pi. Ill 72; A III 63; pa.subj.sg. V 324, XII 199, C VIII 195; pi. XV 315; accept VII 116(2), A VIII 98(2), C IX 290(2); imp.sg. IV 96, XIV 51, A IV 83, C IX 276; pi. X 296; pp. CXI 298; take in marriage III 111, A III 100, CIII 369, X261; ~ to house C IX 125; -in C XI 42; abs. receive alms C IX 70. 4. of a state or circumstances have Pr 57, 197, A V 240, C VII 99; pr.t.lsg. II 186, V 179, XIII 156, XX/XXII 385; A II 147, C XI 226; 2sg. V 285, XI 18, C XI 194; 3sg. I 127, II 234, A II 193, XI 24, C XII 2; pi. Ill 48, XV 358, A VII 291, C I 94, IX 96; pa.t.lsg. XIII 4, 384, C V 7, VI 114; 3sg. Ill 286, V91, 359, A X 29, C VII 294, IX 207; pi. XIV 122; pr.subj.sg. VII 67, A VIII 69, C IX 63; pi. XIV 172; pa.subj.sg. IV 65, A IV 51, C I V 69; ~ a fyndyng would have provided w. the necessities of life XX/XXII 383; pi. Pr 201, XIV 253, C III 385, XVI 93; imp.sg. XI 53, C XIX 83. 5. of power, supremacy have, possess III 168, A III 155, C XV 166; pr.t.2sg. A IX 47; 3sg. V 635, A X 62, C IX 115; pi. Ill 282, C XI 58; pa.t.3sg. Pr 109, C XVII 240; pr.subj.sg. II 49, C II 52; pa.subj.sg. V 104, A V 8 4 ; pi. Pr201, C Pr 219. 6. of emotion experience, have I 171, V 262; pr.t.lsg. V 176, XVIII 125, C XX 128; 3sg. V 610, XII 181, XIX/XXI 140, A VI 96, X 7, C XII 237; pi. X 318; pa.t.lsg. 171, A I 69; 2sg. V 466; pi. C I 1 1 1 , VI 194; imp.sg. XVIII 127; pi A XI 299. 7. of responsibility have Pr 109, C Pr 136; pr.t.lsg. VI 4, A VII 4, C VIII 2; 2sg. C IX 259; 3sg. V 604, A VI 91, C XV 224; pi. Pr 88, C VIII 85; 3sg. Pr 100, C Pr 128; have charge of XV 561, C XVII 224; indie, concern ~ ado/to doone IV 28, A IV 25, C V 163; indie, effect ~ adown/doun XX/ XXII 227, C XVIII 110; ~ out XVIII

254, C XX 263. 9. as perfective aux.il. Pr 178, A III 179, C III 259; pr.t.lsg. Pr 160, A I 182, C III 135; 2sg. II 121, A II 88, CIII 237; 3sg. Pr 64, A IV 87, C II 45; pi Pr 65, A Pr 62, C III 104; pa.t.lsg. V 4, XIX/XXI 1, A V 5; 3sg. 1155, A IV 35, C VI 330; pi. Pr 50, A III 242, C III 26; pr.subj.sg. V 383, A VII 263, X 169, C VI 295; pa.subj.l,3sg. 197, III 201, A VII 5, C III 258, 493; 2sg. V 234, C XIII 221; pi. Pr 185, A VII 170, C Pr 219. [OE habban] hauer n. as adj. in phr. ~ cake loaf made of oat flour A VII 266. [cp. OI hajr] hauylons n. ruses, tricks X 134. [AF haviluri] hawes n. hawthorn berries X 10, A XI 10, CXI 8. [OEhaga] haweporn, hauthorn n. hawthorn, whitethorn XVI 173, C XVIII 182. [OE hagaporn] he, a pron. 3sg. masc. 1. he Pr 68, A Pr 71, C P r l l S ; it V581, XV 349; w. red. stress a C Pr 72, 173, II 100; ace. dot. hym him Pr72, 188, A I 56, 143, C Pr 111, 139; it A I 36; re/7, himself Pr 139, 190(1), I 29, A II 173, V 55, C VIII 68, 194; w. impers. v. Pr 149, 172, VIII 33, A II 193, 1X29, CPrl70, 189; pron. as gen. his his due V 458, A V 230; hise his people XIII 252, XVII 272, XIX/XXI 219; as poss. adj. his Pr 72, 74, A I 27, 64, C Pr 70, 77, 90; distr. sg. XIX/XXI 216; inflec. w. pi n. hise Pr 78, 93, 154, A II 6, 171; as subj.gen. VI 95. 2. as indef. pron. some man V 132, C VI 97; in correl uses hym ... here this man ... that woman I 102, A I 100, C I 94, V 51; hym ... hym this man ... that man XIII 308, C VI 56. 3. as poss. adju. C XIX 314. [OE] he(e) see HEO. hed(e), heed n. attention XI 111, 322, C XII 45, 219; note, heed X 88, XIII 315, A VIII 78, XI 149, CIX71, XI 68, 244. [ME] heed, hed, heued, heuid n. 1. head II 34, 202, A IV 64, 146, C VII 202, X 179; pi. VI 327, XX/XXII 187; by melon. headdress V 31, A V 31, C V 133. 2. mind, seat of the mind IX 58, A X 49, 60, C X 174. 3. (political) head XIX/ 90

heed - help

Glossary

loftily III 85, A III 74, C III 84; so ~ from such a height XVIII 312. 2. superl. most deeply XII 144. 3. solemnly V 579, A VI 66, C VII 226. 4. loud II 74, A II 56. 5. stonden ~ be expensive III 48, A III 47, CIII 51. [OEheah] hei3liche adv. for a high wage VI 312, A VII 296, C VIII 334; splendidly XV 526, generously, handsomely C III 252; sincerely A XI 247; wholly, to the full C VIII 89. [OEheahlice] heighness, heynesse n. in phr. ~ of herte pride of life XX/XXII 153. [OE heahness] heyne n. man's nickname (for Henry) V 111, A V 9 1 . heir, eyer, ayr n. inheritor, heir XVI 232, C X 241; pi. II 102, A IX 80, C III 322; descendants III 279, A III 257, C III 432; spiritual descendants VII 4, A VIII 4, CIX4; inheritors C V 59. [AF] heyre, haire n. sackcloth, hair-shirt V 65, AV48, CVI6. [OEhzre] helde v. pr.t.pl pour A X 60. [OE heldan, hyldan] hele n. 1. heel X 128, A XI 81. 2. bottom crust VII 200, A VIII 178, C IX 346. [QEhela] hele(n), heele v. 1. cure, heal XX/XXII 356; pa.t.3sg. XVI 112, XIX/XXI 131; pp. VI 192, XIV 97; abs. IX 206, C X 305; pa.t.3sg. improved (their) condition A VII 179; imp.sg. C VIII 224. 2. give spiritual comfort to XVII 121; abs. XX/ XXII 282. [OEhcelan] helien, hele v. cover XII 231, C IX 157; pa.t.pl. C XIII 163; imp.sg. conceal XX/ XXII 339; pp. roofed A VI 77, C VII 237; ~ counseil keep a secret V 168. [OE helian, helan] See HILED. helyng ger. in phr. an ~ recovering XVII 118. helynge ger. clothing, dress C XVI 237. helle n. 1. the place of eternal punishment, hell I 115, A I 168, C III 328; damnation in hell XVIII 332, A V 240, C VII 88. 2. limbo, the Limbus Patrum XVI 247, C VII 133, XX 181. 3. by melon, the devil I 198, A I 172, C X 285; the diabolic occupants of hell XVIII 262, 266, C XX 270. [OE] helm n. helmet XVIII 23, C XX 22. [OE] help n. 1. assistance, help X 244, XVIII 139, 399, A XI 301, C XV 236; sub-

XXI 471, C III 380; pi. governors C XVII 86; high-ranking clergy XV 430, C XVII 230. 4. fig. origin, source I 164, XIX/XXI 469, C I 160, XVII 140. [OE heafod] he(e)le n. 1. good health, physical wellbeing VI 259, XIV 172, XIX/XXI 104, A VII 243, C III 298, V 7; pers. XX/ XXII 153; recovery XIII 341, C XIX 84. 2. spiritual welfare V 531, XIX/XXI 388, A VI 19, C XVII 140; spiritual well-being XX/XXI 385, C I 86. 3. happiness and prosperity XIII 341, XIX/XXI 471. [OEhelu] heep, hep n. crowd Pr 53, VI 187, A Pr 50, C P r 5 1 ; company, group V 231, C VI 235; large number V 317, 327, A V 166, C XVI 205; pack X 314, C V 1 6 0 ; gang XIV 308; brynge to ~ bring about, accomplish CX190. [OE heap] heep n. open wasteland, heath XV 459. [OE he]>] heggen v. train and maintain farm hedges CV19. [fr. n.] hegges n.pl. hedges III 133, A III 122, C VIII 29. [OEhecg] he3ede see HYE; hehte, heihte see HOTE. hei3, hey, hy(e) adj. 1. high I 158, XIII 61, C I 154; lofty II 33, XI 81. 2. exalted I 73, XII 139, A XI 313, C XVII 262; on high XII 40; superl. greatest X 459, A XI 303; absolute C VIII 137; notable XII 132, C XIV 76; profound XV 78, C XVI 237. 3. of social rank noble X 104, C II 84, 1X202; comp. more honoured II 28, A II 21, C II 30. 4. proud V 67, A V 50, C VI 8; arrogant XX/XXII 116. 5. solemn V 275, XIII 414, C IV 113, VI 182; sacramentally baptized X 356, A XI 239. 6. principal, main 1164, IV 42, A VII 4, C VII 249; superl. fullest, most entire A X 45. 7. ~ tyme the fullness of time C XVIII 138; ~ prime full prime, nine o'clock VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119. pi. as n. grand folk X 370; comp. advancement A X 101; an/on ~ aloft, on high Pr 13, A Pr 13, C II 137; up the tree C XVIII 105; into a pulpit XI 107, C XII 41; in a loud voice XV 559, A XII 27, C XVII 222; extreme C VI 124. [OE heah] hei3(e), hey, hye adv. 1. high I 174, XI 361, XII 243, A I 148, C XIV 176; 91

help - heo

Glossary

vention IV 125; source of strength XI 219, XIV 256, A X 49, C III 338; support V 637, VI 244, A VI 122, C III 245, IV 68; favour C XI 44; pi. benevolent graces XIII 398. 2. ally, supporter VIII 45, XIX 472, A IX 41, C VI 169; rescuer XVII 59, C XIX 58. [OE] helpe(n) v. 1. give aid (to sbody), help VI 245, X 369, XIII 389, A VIII 7, C X 189, XVI 44; pr.t.Bsg. V 429, 1X88, C X 84; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 131; pr.subj.sg. XI 211, C XII 118; pa.subj.sg. A XI 31; imp.sg. C XV 141. 2. help (sbody do sthing), assist V 275, VI 104, A VII 96, C IV 192, VI 297; pr.t.Ssg. VI 65, A VII 59; pi. A VII 98, C VIII 66; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 374; pi. VI 106, 116, A VII 108, C VIII 113; imp.pl. VI 20, A VII 22. 3. come to the aid of, succour VII 43, XVII 289, A IV 60, C VIII 232; pr.subj.sg. VII 199, XI 221, C III 209; pi IX 79, XII 118; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 212; pr.subj.sg. rescue XVIII 200, C XX 205; pp. V 624; imp.sg. XVIII 54; intr. XX/XXII 228; re/I, look after ... self XVII 196, C XX 54. 4. support, maintain Pr 76, I 17, VI 209, A Pr 73, C I 17, IX 33, 125; pr.t. pi. Ill 242, C V 4 8 ; imp.sg. C XVII 62; pp. VII 71, XV 134, CXI 26; enrich C III 252. 5. intr. give aid, help 1X206, A VII 228, C X 185, XIX 140; pr.tJsg. VIII 87, A IX 78, C XIV 15; pr.subj.sg. IX 173, A X 194, C IV 176; pa.subj.sg. X46; imp.sg. XX/XXII 228, C XVII 64; favour C XI 185; advance the interest of III 204, A III 191, CIII 261; intr. be of avail III 177, A III 164, C VIII 137; w. contextual sense instruct, teach C XIV 55; pp. XVII 63; fig. C XIII 131; bring to a state of grace XVII 258; pr.t.Ssg. C XIX 224; fig. sustains VIII 44, A IX 40; pr.subj.sg. in asseverations III 250, A III 8, C I V I L [OEhelpan] helple(e)s adj. unable to help themselves C IX 176; without support IX 72; ~ of strengpe feeble VII 100, A VIII 82; of no avail, no help XV 458. [ME] helpe n. physical well-being, health XII 2, C XVI 137; spiritual benefit XI 230, C VII 176. [OEhelft hemself pron. pi. 1. as emph. subj. they themselves X 268, XVIII 306, A V 35,

C V 165. 2. as emph. adju. themselves XII 122, XIX/XXI 149, A IV 107, C XIV 65. 3. asrefl.obj. themselves IV 31, XII 78, A IV 28, C X 163. 4. as obj. of prep. IV 122, A V 12, C Pr 135; each other C III 335; by ~ as solitaries XV 274; distinct XVII 167; of their own accord C XIV 72. [OE heom selfum] hende adj. mannerly V 258, XV 216, XX/XXII 188; inpers. ~ speche courteous XX/XXII 348, 354; kind C VIII 47, XI 42; biddable IX 20, A X 19, C X 146; submissive A II 52. [OE gehende] hendely adv. politely V 102, A V 82, C XVIII 183; graciously III 29, A III 28, C III 30; w. duly submissive courtesy XVI 98, C XVIII 131. [fr. adj.] hendenesse n. natural nobility XIX/XXI 31; generosity of spirit XX/XXII 145, C XI 13, XVIII 13. [OEgehendnys] hendeb v. pr.t.3sg. holds (in his grasp) A XII 67. [OEgehendan] henne adv. away, hence IV 190, A IV 153, VIII 81. [OEheonan] hennes adv. of motion from this place, away VI 278, XVIII 272, A VII 262, C IV 184; out of this life 1178, III 245, A V 230, C IX 53; as adj. absent C V 80; fro- XVIII 400, C XX 443; of distance from here IX 1, A X 1, C XX 167; of time henceforward III 109, A III 98; ago, past CV35. [ME] hente(n) v. 1. seize, grasp, take hold of XIV 240, C XIX 140; pa.t.Ssg. V 506, XIV 36, XX/XXII 167, A VII 159; pi. VI 187, A VII 175, C VIII 183. 2. possess V67, A V 50, C VI 8; pa.t.Ssg. overcame V 5, A V 5. [OE hentan] heo pron. sg. fern. 1. she III 29, V 624, IX 56, A I 10, II 18, III 7; hee C XXII 198; he AV113, C I 68, II 23, III 77, 161, VI 4; acc.dat. her: hir V 154, X 224, XI 32; hire I 58, III 4, 158, A II 1, III 4; her C X 262, XII 73; here C III 4, VI 129; gen. as poss. adj. hir IV 50, V 26; hire I 10, 184, A II 19, III 42; her A XII 47, C II 124, XII 13; here A II 11, C I 10, II 127(2), IV 48(1); hure A XII 39, 41. 2. pron. refl. hire III 44(1), 170, IV 94, A III 43, 157; here C III 46(1), VI 3; w. n. as gen. marker XII 46. [OE heo, hire] See A, SHE.

92

herafter - heron

Glossary

pr.t.lsg. XVIII 261, C VI 332, XI 218; pa.t.lsg. Prl93, XI 66, C XV 176; 3sg. II 115, 208, A IV 138, V 191, C Pr 95, II 76; pi. V 343, XV 559, A VII 227, C VI 401, XVII 222; pp. X 104, C III 98. 2. listen to, hear (deliberately) IV 8, 115, V 406, A IV 8, C VI 435, VII 40; pr.t.3sg. XV 58; pa.t.3sg. XIII 101; pi. VI 243, A VII 227; pa.t.3sg. heard and noted V 327, A V 176; imp.sg. VI 52, A VII 47, C VIII 50; of a confessor V 141, XX/XXII 328; intr. imp.sg. listen, heed VI 212, A VII 198; imp.sg. inpers. IX 20, A X 19, C X 146. 3. attend, hear (a religious service) V 2, 300, XIX 3, A V224, C IX 228; pa.t.lsg. XIII 383, C VI 272; pp. V 454, A V 226, C VII 68. 4. of the deity heed and answer X 79, C XI 59; pr.t.3sg. XVII 258, C XIX 224. 5. hear, learn (of) Pr 4, XIII 419, XX 350, A P r 4 , C VI 116, X 109; pr.t.lsg. XII 23; pp. learned C XIII 128; ~ telle, seyn Pr 164, XVI 249, A VIII 1, C XIX 166. 6. audit, hear (in judgement) V 420, C VII40. [OEgeheran] herforeadv. because of this XX/XXII 294. [ME] herie v. praise A XI 247; pp. commended, esteemed XIV 210, C XVI 51. [OE heriari] heryng ger. the sense of hearing A X 52. [OE gehering] herlnne, hereynne adv. into this place XX/XXII 342; in this house C XVII 39. [ME] heritage, eritage n. 1. inheritance XIV 294, C XVI 149; inheritable property C X241. 2. spiritual inheritance, an allotted place X347, A XI 239. [AF] herkene v. imp.sg. listen attentively, take heed C VIII 222. [OE he(o)rcnian] hernes n. hiding places II 236, A II 195, C II 252; corners XVIII 404, C XX 447. [OE hyrne] herodes n. Herod Tetrarch of Judea (Mat. 14) CX178. herof, hereof adv. about this matter V 116, VII 1, X 249, A VIII 1, C XI 144, XVI 35; of this C VI 436, XIX 251; to this matter XVIII 237, C XVIII 212; because of this XIX/XXI 140. [ME] heron adv. about this subject XIII 131; as quasi-n. clawej) ~ take hold of, grasp this X289. [ME]

herafter, heraftir, heraftur adv. 1. henceforward VII 124, A IX 15, C X 19. 2. presently, in due course XVII 80. [OE] herafterward adv. in due course X 119. [ME] heragein, herayein 1. adv. in opposition, to the contrary XIV 189, C XIX 111. 2. as adj. opposed to this 1X148, C X 236. [ME] heraud n. royal officer w. charge of ceremony and proclamations, herald XIV 25, XVI 247, C XVIII 265; ~ of armes marshall of a tournament XVIII 16, C XX 14; pi. XX/XXII 94; royal envoy XVI 177, XVII 134, C XVIII 185. [AF] herber, erber n. garden XVI 15, C XVIII 5. [AF] herberwe, herborw n. shelter, place of protection and refuge X 412, C XI 245. [OE herebeorg] herberwe, herborwe v. 1. lodge, accommodate A II 38; pp. V231, C VI 325; pa.t.Bsg. arranged lodging for XVII 76. 2. store safely XIX/XXI 318. [OE herebeorgian] herberwyng ger. lodging on a journey, accommodation XIV 141, C XVI 9. herbyaJv. by this means C VI 121. [ME] herde n. shepherd C IX 266, 274. [OE] here adv. 1. in this place here III 186, VI 66, A III 173, VII 119, CXI 169, XVIII 268; here (in my hand) II 69, XIV 38, XVII 3, C XV 237, XIX 4; here (into this country) V 249, XIII 393, XV 444, C III 235; to this place here XVIII 265, XX/XXII 88, C IV 33. 2. in this instance I 172, IX 146, A I 146, C I 168; in this particular X I 1 2 ; at this point XIII 71. 3. here on earth, in this life 19, 16, III 72, A V 2 1 9 , C VI 238, VIII 43. 4. at this time, here and now Pr 38, V 198, XI 416, A P r 3 8 , C VIII 133, XV 114, XX 394. [OEM hereaboute adj. busily concerned w. this C X 192. [ME] heremyte, er(e)myte n. person (genuinely or professedly) living a solitary life for pious reasons, hermit Pr 3, XIII 30, 284, XV 276, A Pr 3, C VI 368; pi. Pr 28, 53, A P r 2 8 , 50, C V 4, 1X140, 189, 202. [AF hermite] here(n), heere v. 1. hear Pr 170, XII 246, XIV 163, A Pr 97, C IV 157, VII 74;

93

herte - hider

Glossary

herte n. heart 1174, XI 115, XV 517, XIX/XXI 171, A X 45, C XX 87; body around the heart, breast V 124, A V 101, C VI 89; pi. A VI 50. 2. the innermost self I 142, 164, A X 78, XI 57, C I 160, XIX 300; fig. XVI 15; of (his/byn) ~ heartfelt, sincere XIII 140, C XVI 29; sincerely C XIX 331. 3. mind, understanding 141, 165, V 606, A VIII 132, CVI289, XI 228, XVI 211; pi. Ill 304; haue at ~ XV 259. 4. of emotional state spirit, heart III 339, V 70, 75, XIV 100, A V 93, VII 65, C II 16, VI 146, 1X266; pi. Ill 199, VI 214, C XIX 204; distr. sg. A VIII 87. 5. of attitudes heart, intent, will V401, XIII 278, C III 352, VI 332; pi. dispositions C IV 36, XIV 25. [OEheorte] herted adj. disposed, inclined: proude ~ XV 201; lowe- XX/XXII 37. [fr. n.] hertely adv. w. a good will C XV 141. [OE geheortiliche] herte th see HURTE. Hertford shire n. Hertfordshire V 355, C VI 413. herto, hereto adv. to this II 142, IV 183, A II 106, C IV 177; for this purpose IX 37. [OE] heruest, heruist, heruost n. 1. autumn, fall of the year VI 299, A VII 283, C V 7, VIII 67, 321. 2. the time of bringing in the cereal crops VI 66, 114, A VII 60, CVI112. 3. the harvested corn VI 290, A VII 274, C VIII 313; the cereal crop XII 200. [OE berfest] heruy«. man's name, Harvey V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. herwith adv. because of this XIII 156; by means of this C XVIII 28; w. this C XII 161. [ME] heste n. command III 113, A III 102, C XVIII 249; prohibition A X 142; pi. directions, orders C VIII 212; commandments II 83, A VIII 167, C XIII 68. [OE htest] heten. 1. heat XVII 231, C XIX 197; fig. C XVI 181, XVIII 75; hot weather XIII 161, C I 124, VIII 248. 2. fever XIV 59, XV 271, C XVI 258. [OE hete] heben n. heathen, pagan X 354, A XI 237; coll. heathen people X 369, A XI 251; the term 'heathen' XIV 459. hebene adj. heathen, pagan XV 458, XIX/XXI 348. [OEhtefen]

hethynesse n. paganism XV 443. [OE h<epenes\ hebyng n. contemptible thing, object of scorn IV 118, A IV 104. [OE hefing] heuene n. 1. the divine abode, celestial kingdom, heaven, paradise Pr 127, A I 109, C P r l 3 3 ; by melon, the deity AX 46, C VI 317; place in heaven XII 40; admission to heaven as the reward of virtue III 50, X 357, A XI 240, C II 38, V 59. 2. as a criterion of bliss heaven I 9, III 72, A I 9, C V 152; pi. C XVI 9. 3. the celestial region I 120; the firmament I 122, X 230, A XI 173; the expanse of the heavens XX/XXII 276; the sky XIV 66, C XV 265; in the next world XX/XXII 194. [OE heofone] heueneriche, heuenriche n. gen. of the kingdom of heaven Pr 27, A Pr 27, C XII 159. [OE heofena nee] heueneward n. in phr. to ~ to salvation X 339, AX1221; fig. XIV 212, C XVI 53; as far as attaining heaven is concerned XV 458. [ME] heuy adj. 1. heavy IV 22, A IV 20; comp. CXI VI05; super 1. V 240, C VI 242. 2. unhappy, dismal IV 165, V 75, XI 27, A V 58, C IV 160, VI 63; in adv. phr. ~ chered dismally XX/XXII 2. [OE heftg] heuy adv. in phr. so ~ it semed it was such a great weight I 153, C I 149. heuynesse n. the burden of grief XVIII 247, C XX 256. [OE heftgness] hewe n. servant C VIII 195; pi. IV 107, A IV 55, C IV 102; servile tenant C X 216; labourer V 552, C III 308; pi. XIV 134, C I 124. [OE: cp. WS hiwan] hewe v. imp.sg. strike XVII 248, C XIX 214. [OEheawan] hewes n. shapes, forms XI 366, C XIV 158. [OEhiw,heow] hide(n), huyde v. conceal, hide XIX/XXI 457; pr.t.3sg. C X 242; pa.t.pl. XI 352, C XIII 163; pp. X 437; reft. pa.t.Ssg. XVII 111; pi. XVIII 404, C XX 447; pa.t.Ssg. disappeared XIX/XXI 102; intr. keep back, withhold C XIX 127; hide away, hoard XX/XXII 124. [OE hydari] hider, hiddere, hidore, heddere adv. to this place XX/XXII 333, A XI 179, C XV 236, XX 336; here XVIII 291, XX/XXII 321. [OE] 94

hiderward - holde(n)

Glossary

C II 178. [OE hyr] hired, huyrid pp. engaged, employed VI 114, A VII 106, C VIII 334. [OEhyrian] hireself, heresulue pron. fern, as emph. subj. she herself III 144, A III 137, CIII 208; as obj. of prep, herself XVIII 245, C XX 254; by ~ separately XVIII 289. [OE hire + selfre] hitselue pron. neut. refl. itself I 154, C I 150. [ME] hit(te), hutte v. 1. strike, hit XII 106, C XIV 51; pr.t.3sg. C XX 383; pa.t.Ssg. V 164, XX/XXII 103, 190, A VII 166; intr. XVI 87, C XVIII 119; intr. pr. subj.sg. come by chance C XI 111. 2. pa.t.Ssg. threw down V 321, A V 170, C VI 378. [OE hyttan and cp. OI hitta] hobelide v. pa.t.pl. staggered and fell A I 113. \MDuhobbelen] hogge n. nickname for Rodger A V 161. hogges«. pigs, hogs VI 181, A XI 10, C XI 8. [OEhogg] hoked pp. 1. shaped like a hook VIII 97, A IX 87, C X 9 4 ; w. hooked handles Pr 53, A Pr 50, C Pr 51. 2. barbed XX/XXII 226. [OEhoced] hokes n. pi. hook-shaped hinges V 594, C VII 242. [OEhoc] holdeadj. faithful VI 131, A VII 123, C VIII 195. [OE hold] holde(n), halden v. 1. take hold, hold Pr 154, C P r l 7 4 , XIX 157; paA.pl V 343, A V 191, C VI 401; pr.t.3sg. holds onto, grasps XVII 159, C VI 420; pi. I 44, XII 251, A I 42; intr. XVII 191, C XIX 157; hold (out to sbody) C V 161; pr.t.pl. have in hand, in possession A II 36; pa.t.pl. hoarded up C X 86; retain, keep II 102, VIII 97, A II 67, C XIX 127, 140; pa.t.Ssg. C XIII 9; pi. C XVII 22; maintain III 151, A III 140, C III 189; pa.t.Ssg. XV 142; pi. C IX 207; contain I 120, 153, C I 149; pr.t.Ssg. comprises C XVIII 194; pi. XVII 162; pp. confined XV 265; ~ out exclude, keep out V 587, A VI 74; pr.t.Ssg. ~ withoute C XVI 367; ~ vnder submit to XII 37; imp.sg. sustain VI 214, A VII 200; abs. resist, maintain a defence XVIII 249, C XX 258; pr.t.pl. ~ togideres are close associates I 57, A I 55, C I 53; pr.subj.pl. work to the same end Pr 66, A Pr 63; ~ ... pennes ... keep

hiderward, hiderwardes adv. to this place XVIII 307, A VII 303, C XX 341. [OE] hye v. re/I, betake (himself) at once C VIII 205; pa.t.lsg. V 376, 3sg. XX/XXII 324; pp. A VII 165. [OE higian] hij, hypron. 3pl. they Pr 66, 1191, A Pr 63, II 25, III 65; ace. dat. hem them Pr 70, 147, A I 21, III 20, C Pr 68, II 49; themselves Pr 106, 108, XI 393, A IV 63, C X 274; refl. dir. or indir. obj. themselves Pr 20, 36(2), 46, 130, A Pr 25, IV 132, C II 57, III 398; for themselves Pr 36(1), III 83, C III 87, VIII 185; w. impers. v. Pr 60, I 107(2), A P r 3 7 , II 110, C I I I 171, V 148; hir, her, here gen. pron. of them II 67, XII 161, XVIII 65, C III 366, XVI 80; as poss. adj. hir their Pr 180, I 99; hire Pr28, 30, A P r 9 4 , III 252; her C VIII 82, 175; here XII 120, A I 95, II 67, C Pr 30, I 93. [OE hie, hi, him, heom, him, heora] hikke n. nickname for Richard V 310, A V161, C VI 365. hiled v. pa.t.Ssg. covered XII 233; pi. concealed XI 352; pp. roofed V 590, A VI 77. [cp. OI hylja] See HELIEN. hilles see HULLE. hymselue(n), hymsulf, hymsulue(n) pron. 1. emph.: as app. himself I 64, II 172, A I 44, 85, C II 41, III 417; as nom. subj. he himself Pr 70, 206, A III 64, C Pr68, VII 112. 2. as refl. obj. himself III 310, V 51, A X 74, C X 1 8 2 , XIV 41; w. extended sense his own character XI 389, C XIII 207. 3. as obj. of prep. himself I 172, IV 45, A I 111, V 235, C III 133, X 133; itself V 219, XIV 283, XVII 176, A V 135, C XX 160; by ~ distinct, discrete, separate XVI 185, C XVIII 194; in his own estimation XIII 282; of ~ of its own accord C XVII 49; dat. w. impers. v. XII 166. [OE him selfum] hynde n. female red deer, hind XV 279, C XVII 9. [OEhind] hyne n. servant, labourer VI 131, XIII 363, A VI 39, C VI 262; pi. A IV 42; lackey, servile creature Pr 39, A Pr 39. [OE: cp. hyen, higan, hina pi.] hippinge see HUPPE. hire, huyre, here n. wage, payment for service II 123, III 72, A VI 37, C III 302, IX 274; rent C IX 74; to ~ for hire 95

holde(n) - hoom

Glossary

away from there V453, A V 225, C VII 67; imp.sg. restrain XVIII 146, XIX/XXI401, C XX 149; ~ lowe keep down IV 22; behave humbly V 67, A V 50, C VI 8; refl. remain, stay VI 200, A VIII 5, C IX 5; pr.t. pi. Pr 28, A Pr 28, C Pr 30; pa.t.lsg. A XII 75; pr.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 356, XX/XXII 75; pa.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 421; imp.sg. XX/XXII 205; pa.t.Bsg. set up his defence XX/XXII 297; ~ wib side w., support I 102, A I 100, C I 94; pr.t.pl. Ill 242; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 370, C I 109; prp. C III 380; imp.sg. have to do, consort w. VI 52, A VII 47, C VIII 50. 2. obey, keep, observe V 45, A VI 94, C IX 222; pr.t.pl. VII 20, 90, A VIII 22, C IX 167; imp. sg. V 579, A VI 66, C VII 226; pp. X 297, XX/XXII 280, C V 157; pp. morally obligated V 275, XV 570, A XI 247, C XIX 39; prp. for pp. C VI 297, VIII 103; under obligation, beholden XII 274, XX/XXII 365, C XIV 196. 3. conduct, preside over V 420, C VII 33; pp. engaged in V 225, A V 141, C VI 233. 4. consider, regard as V 333, A V 182, C VI 391; pr.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 460, C III 299, X 287; 3sg. X 391, XVII 108, C III 387; pi. A XI 271, C III 87, VIII 74; pa.t.3sg. XI 70, XX/XXII 145, A IV 136; pi. PrlSO, C Pr 197; pp. 184, V 258, A VIII 75, C IX 337, XVII 112; pr.t.3sg. believes X 391; pr.t. pi. ~ no tale of take no account 19, A I 9, C I 9. [OE haldan] holdyng ger. grasping meanness C XII 244. hole n. 1. bunghole XIX/XXI 399. 2. burrow, nest XX/XXII 44. [OE hoi] hole, hool adj. 1. whole, entire C VII 258; sincere C III 352; of kinship fig. full XVIII 377, C XX 419. 2. not in rags, decently mended VI 59, XIV 1, A VII 54. [OEhdl] holy, haly adj. 1. sacred, holy A XII 13; of a particular church hallowed V 300, A V 150; of preaching and teaching sainted XV 450. 2. saintly, devoted to a virtuous life XII 23, XIII 295, C VI 40, IX 188; righteous XVI 84, C XVIII 115; to ben ~ to attain spiritual perfection XX/XXII 252. [OEhdlig] holynesse n. 1. sanctity C XVIII 158; virtuous conduct X 296, XV 92, C II 84,

XI 13; fig. XIX/XXI 363; pers. XI 44. 2. ostentatious pious acts, show of piety, pious cant IV 118. 3. reform, conversion to righteousness C IV 113. 4. sarcastic exalted religious rank XIX/XXI 421. [OE hdlignes] holly adv. entirely, wholly III 113, A III 102, C III 150; from beginning to end XIX/XXI 3, C IX 232; together, in a group XVII 28, C XIX 29. [ME fr. adj.] holwe, holewe, holow adj. gaunt, hollowcheeked V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. [OE holh] homage n. ritual acknowledgement of lordship XII 154, C XIV 98. [AF] homliche adj. at home, familiar X 96. [ME] homward adv. homeward III 194, A III 181. [OEhdmweard] honeste(e) n. righteous living XV 92, C XVI 243. [AF] honest(e) adj. 1. upright, honourable C XVII 34. 2. appropriately excellent XIX/XXI 94. [AF] hony n. honey XV 57, C XVI 219. [OE hunig] honouren v. 1. confer distinction on III 211, A III 198, CIII 267; adorn VI 12, A VI 12, C VIII 11; pp. glorified XV 526, C XVII 276. 2. welcome w. reverence XII 149, C XIV 93; venerate XV 447; pr.t.pl. ironic XV 544, C XVII 206; pa.t. pi. revered XV 548, C XVII 210; pr.subj.pl. C XX 267; pp. XV 532, C XVII 282; worship C V 105, XVII 153; pr.t.pl. XV 606, C XVII 134. 3. show respect for C II 177, XIV 43; treat w. respect A XI 247, C XVIII 92; pp. C VI 40; imp.pl respect and obey V 567, A VI 54, C VII 214; pp. admiured C XIV 179. [AF honurer] honurably adv. in a fitting manner XII 154, C XIV 98. [ME fr. AF honurable] hood, hod, hoed n. soft head-covering, hood V31, 194, A VII 253, C VIII 290. [OE hod] hoom, horn, hoem n. place of abode, habitation, home III 99, A III 88, C XI 44; pi. C III 127; seat, place of repose IX 57, A X 45. [OE ham] hoom, horn, hoem adv. home V 29, VI 200, A VII 33, C IV 56; bar ~ returned to the lender VI 99, A VII 91, C VIII 108; fer ~ a long journey home 96

hoom - hous

Glossary

C XII 199; pi A XI 183. [OE bus bonda] hostele v. provide lodging for XVII 121. [AF hosteler] hostiele n. lodging on a journey C XIII 64. [AF hostel] hostilern. 1. innkeeper XVII 76, C XIX 76; fig. XVII 118. 2. stableman of an inn V 321, A V 170, C VI 389, 391. [AF] hostrie n. inn XVII 76. [AF] hote, hatte, heet, hi3te v. 1. command, order pr.t.lsg. VI 259, XVI 134, A VII 245, C VIII 89; 3sg. Ill 264, V 545, A III 244, C IX 220; pi. X 62, A XI 48, C VIII 89; pa.t.3sg. Pr 102, III 9, A I 17, C I 17, XVIII 105; pr.subj.sg. XVIII 392; pa.t.3sg. imposed on V 398, C VII 14; imp.sg. ~ out raise the alarm C XX 287; pp. II 221, A II 180, commanded C XIII 45; intr. pr.t.lsg. II 200, A II 168, C VIII 85. 2. pr.t.lsg. assure, promise VI 231, A VII 215. 3. pr.t.lsg. have the name, am called XV 24, A II 140, C XVI 186, 198; 2sg. XX/XXII 339; 3sg. V 573, XV 415, A VII 43, X 7, C II 31, X 144; pi. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pa.t.3sg. XI 27, XVI 91, A XI 1, C XVIII 4; pp. called, named 163, A XI 105, C VI 309; of a text pr.t.3sg. reads, is worded C III 498. [OE hdtan] hound n. dog V 258, A XI 48, C VI 413; pi. watchdogs X 293; hunting or coursing dogs, hounds IV 125, X314, C V 160; gen. -breed dog biscuit VI 214, A VII 200, C VIII 224. [OE bund] houped pa.t.3sg. shouted, cried out VI 172, A VII 157, C VIII 168. [OE hwopan, AF huper] houre n. 1. hour XIV 12. 2. pi. devotional exercises prescribed for particular canonical hours Pr 97, XV 386, A I 157, CPr 125, I 179. [AF] hous n. 1. dwelling, house XVII 325, A III 88, XII 53, C VI 353; pi. X 96, C III 96. 2. building XIX/XXI 318, A II 38; pi V 590, A VI 77, C VII 237; establishment C XVIII 158. 3. shelter, place of repose and safety X 412. 4. household X 233, XV 142, A XI 176, C IX 207. 5. religious community, friary V 265, 268; confraternity III 63, A III 52. 6. pi places of resort XIV 253, C XVI 93; to - home (w. them/us) II 222, A II

XIX/XXI480. [OEhdm] hoor, hoer adj. grey-haired, grey VI 83, XX/XXII95, A VIII 82, C VI 193; hoaryheaded, white-haired XVI 173, C XVIII 182. [OEhar] hoord n. store of treasure, hoard XVI 84, C XVIII 115. [OEhord] boost, cost, oste, oest n. army III 266, XIX/XXI 336, A III 246, C III 252; pi. angelic hosts XVIII 239. [AF host] hoot, hote, hoet adj. 1. hot Pr 226, A Pr 104, C V 7, XX 290. 2. piquant, biting V 303, A V 154, C VI 358; intense, extreme XVIII 207, C XX 212. [OEM hope n. 1. wishful expectation, hope Pr 27, XII 292, APr27, C III 136, VII 83; anticipation III 200, A III 187, C I 101, IX 142; confidence XX/XXII 180. 2. the Christian virtue XII 30, XVII 95, A V 240, C XIX 85; trust in God XII 292, C XIV 214; fig. C III 352; good ~ XVII 315, C XIX 295; fig. XX/XXII 167; pers. V 506, XVII 55, C VII 151, XIX 61; -peHostiler XVII 118. [OE hopa] hope v. 1. pr.t.lsg. expect VI 290, XVII 272, A VII 274, C XVIII 249; 3pl. XV 480; imp.sg. V 637, A VIII 99, C IX 291; abs. pr.t.lsg. am hopeful C V 94. 2. pr.t.lsg. trust, am confident VI 94, VIII 19, A IX 15, C V 99; pi. XVI 237, C XVIII 253. 3. pr.t.lsg. earnestly desire, hope XV 387, C XIV 11; 3sg. C XII 199, XVII 146. 4. believe pr.t.lsg. C VI 255, VIII 137; pi. XV 603, C XVII 311; pa.t.pl 1120. [OE hopian] hoper, hopur n. seed-lip, basket to hold seed for hand-sowing VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60. [?] hoppe v. dance, hop III 200, A III 187. [OE hoppian] hore, hoor n. whore IV 166, C VI 149; pi. XV 85, CIII 301. [OE] boredom n. licentiousness, sexual adventures XIII 353, C VII 75. [fr. prec.] horn n. the wind instrument C V 16; fig. V 343, 506, A V 1 9 1 , C VI 401, VII 151. [OE] hors n. pi. horses, mounts XI 343, C II 179; o n - mounted XVII 107; -breed mixed bean-meal and bran mash baked in loaves for horses VI 214, A VII 200, C VIII 224. [OE] hosebonde, hosbande n. (male) spouse C X 267; married man C VII 299; farmer 97

hous -1

Glossary

181, C IX 125. [OEM housbondrie n. thrifty management I 57, A I 55, CI53. [ME] housel, hosele n. in phr. go to ~ receive the eucharist XIX/XXI 392. [OE husel] housynge ger. fine houses XV 78, C XVI 237. housled, houseled, hoseled pp. in phr. be(n) housled receive the eucharist, take communion XIX/XXI 3. [OE huslian] houswif, hosewyf n. wife XIV 3, C XIII 9. [ME] houed v. pa.t.Bsg. was sitting idly XVIII 80, C XX 82; pi. loitered XVIII 83, C XX 85; waited expectantly Pr 211, C Pr 161. [7OE*hafian] how interrog. adv. how, by what means I 84, II 38, A VII 197, C VIII 220, XI 75; in what manner X 235, A XI 178, C XVIII 197; w. what meaning II 36; on what grounds XVII 289, C XIX 246; of degree how XVIII 37, C XX 36; excl. of astonishment, disbelief XIX/XXI 391, C IX 266. [QEhu] how 1. conjunctive adv. how, by what means X 94, XI 53, A VIII 17, C VI 39, 264; emph. ~ (so) euere XII 224, C XII 6; w. what meaning VII 158, A VIII 136, C IX 306; in what manner Pr 102, II 53, A IX 23, X 103, C I 126, IV 12; in what circumstance, how VI 15, A VII 14; by what name XV 39; w. what result XVI 87, C XVIII 119; of degree, number, extent I 6, V 368, A I 6, C VI 145. 2. w. modal quality IV 48, V l l l , A VIII 143, XI 40, C VIII 130. [OE bu] howso adv. whichever way XVII 186, A XI 260, C XIX 152. [ME] how/hey trolly lolly a snatch of a song VI 116, A VII 108, CVIII 123. howue, houe n. lawyer's coif III 295, A III 270, CIII 448; pi. Pr211, A Pr 84, C Pr 161; gêne ~ worthless prophylactic, placebo XX/XXII 172. [OE hufe] hucche, whicche n. wardrobe chest IV 116, AIV 102, CIV 111. [AFhuche] huge adj. vehement XI 250, C XII 136; grave XVII 308, C XIX 288. [cp. AF ahuge] hugh, hewe n. man's name, Hugh V310. hukkerye, huxterie n. retail trade V 225, AV141, C VI 233. [ME] hulle n. in expr. be ~ Cornhill in the City

of London C XII 218; pi. hills Pr 5, III 236, A VI 2, CPr6, VII 159. [OE hyll] humilite, vmbletee n. the virtue of humility pers. V620, A VI 106, C VII 272. [AF] hundred, hundret, hundrid, hundrit num. hundred V 370, A VI 101, C VII 38; in a date XIII 269; as n. Pr211, XV 375, A Pr 84, C Pr 161, XII 175; pi. XX/XXII 69. [OE] hundredfold n. a hundred times as much C XII159. [cp. OE hundfeald] hunger, hungir, hungur, honger, hongur n. 1. hunger (as a sensation) III 194, V 381, A VII 245, C VI 438, XX 212; pers. near-starvation VI 172, A VII 166, C VIII 177. 2. dearth, privation, lack of food VI 237, A VII 221, C IX 77; famine XIV 59; starvation VI 330, XV 21'1; pers. C VIII 279. [OE hungor] hungren v. pr.t.pl. are hungry C VIII 224; impers. pr.t.sg. XIV 51, C XV 120. [OE hyngrian] hungry adj. 1. hungry V 355, C VI 413, IX 207; by meton. poor, unproductive XIII 219, C XV 188; as n. hungry person(s) V 373, VI 193, C VIII 192; comp. more covetous, greedier C I 187. [OE hungrig] hungrily, hungirly adv. in greed for gain XX/XXII 123; quasi-adj. greedy, covetous V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. [OE hungorlic] hunsen v. pr.t.3pi. abuse X 62, A XI 48. [AF huniss- (hunir)] hunte, honte v. go hunting, hunt VI 29, A VII 31, C IX 224; fig. Ill 311; pp. pursued, hounded II 221, A II 180, C II 231. [OEhuntian] huntynge ger. the sport, hunting III 313, C III 466. huppev. leap, skip XV 529, C XVII 279; prp. XVII 62, C XIX 61. [OE*hyppan] hurte, herteth v. injure, harm X 370; pr.tJsg. C XX 384; pp. XVII 187, XX/ XXII 317, C XIX 153. [AFhurter]

I I, ich, ikpron. Isg. 1. assubj. I Pr 2, All 1, C II 219; w. app. n. Ill 284, V 367, A III 260, C II 132; as obj. C VI 146; ace. dat. me me Pr 167, 204, II 31, V 278, A III 8, IV 2, 45, C Pr 184, 114, III 149; ethical dat. X 197; re/7, myself Pr2, 7, A IV 16, V 123, C VI 10, 74; 98

I - yhabited

Glossary

frivolity, worthless matters XIX/XXI 286; foolish talk, nonsense C II 104; worldly vanities XX/XXII 116; in ~ without working C IX 152. [OE idelnes] idyked see DIKEN. ydiot n. (a) man deranged XVI 170. [AF idiot] ydiotes adj. untrained, ill-educated XI 317. [fr.n.] ido, ydo see DON. ydolatrie n. image worship, idolatry C Pr 95. [AF idolatrie] idolue see DELUEN; ydremed see DREME&; ydronke see DRYNKEN; yentred see ENTREN; yes see EBE. yesyhtew. eyesight C IX 102. [ME] if, 3if, 3ef conj. 1. intro. conditional cl. if Pr37, 82, A I 138, III 7, IV 69, C1I18, 156, III 226; 2. intro. concessive cl. even if, even though II 137, III 149, XVIII 386, A II 101, X 88, C XIX 207, XX 428. 3. impl. alternative or choice whether I 48, II 156, VII 150, A VIII 61, IX 12, C XV 105, XVI 166 4. impl. purpose in the hope that III 171, V 502, XX/XXII 310, A III 158, C XIX 75. 5. in ellip. uses XVI 12, XX/XXII 335; optative if only XI 86. [OE gif\ yfed see FEDEN; yfolden see FOLDE; yfolwed see FOLWEN; yfoi^te see FHTE; yfounde(n) see FYNDEN. yfraunchised pp. granted citizenship, given urban franchise C III 114. [AF fraunchiss-] yfryed pp. fried VI 310, A VII 294, C VIII 332. [AFfrire] yfruyted pp. in phr. somdel ~ beginning to bear fruit, in fruit XVI 39. [AF fruiter] yfulled see POLLEN; ygadered see GADEREN; ygete see GETEN; ygyue see GYUEN; yglosed see CLOSED. yglubbed, yglobbed pp. guzzled, swilled down V 339, C VI 397. [1 echoic or by metathesis fr. gulpen] ygo see GO, GOON. ygraced pp. thanked VI 124, A VII 116. [AF grader] ygraue see GRAUE; ygraunted see GRAUNTE; ygreued see GREUE; ygrounde see GROUNDE v. ygulpid pp. gulped down A V 188. [cp. MDu gulpen, golpen] yhabited pp. clothed XIII 284. [AF habit]

for myself X 392, A XI 276, C VI 271; for- for my part Pr 202, C XV 129; w. impers.v. Pr 6, 143, 1X133, A III 110, VIII 163, C P r 7 , VI 111, XIII 153; gen. as poss. pron. myn(e), myen mine VI 148, XIII 364, C XVI 208; my people XVIII 350, C IV 62, VIII 148; as adj. my, myn, myen my Pr 193, II 34, IV 187, A I 69, III 51, 168, C Pr 206, VI 258, 280; ~ owene VI 83, A VII 75, C VIII 92; predic. myne XVIII 279, A V 92, C XX 372; ~ one by myself VIII 63, A IX 54, C XI 198. [OE ic, me, mm] yarmed see ARMED; yasked see ASKE; ybake(n) see BAKEN ybarred/?;?. barred, bolted XIX/XXI 167. [AF barrer] ybe see BEN; ybedded see BEDDEN; ibet see BETEN; yblamed see BLAME; yblessed, yblissed see BLESSE; yblowe see BLOWE; yborwed see BORWE v.; ybosted see BOSTEN; ybou3t see BUGGEN; ybounde see BYNDEN; ybroke(n) see BREKE; ybrou3t see BRYNGEN. ycalled adj. wearing a prelate's skull cap (zuchetta) XV 229, C XVI 354. [ME: fr. OE cawl] ycarped see CARPEN; ich see i; ychose see CHESE; yclosed see CLOSE; yclobed see CLOVEN; yclouted see CLOUTE v. ycoped see COPE v. ycorouned see CROUNE>. ycouped pp. w. ornamental slashes XVIII 14, C X X 1 4 . [AF couper] ycoupled see COUPLER . ycrammed pp. crammed, stuffed Pr 41, A Pr41, CPr42. [OE crammian] ycrymyled pp. of hair curled XV 229, C XVI 354. [ME: cp. OE gecrympan, MDu krimpen] ycrouned pp. see CROUNEI>; ycursed see CURSEt>.

ydel n. idleness, inactivity XIII 225; in phr. on ~ profanely, in vain V 571, A VI 58, C VII 218; useless XIV 196, C XVI 37; to no effect XIX/XXI 402; lying, false-tongued XX/XXII 209. [OE idel] ydel adj. sinful II 91, XIV 13, C II 98; frivolous V403, C VII 19; inactive XII 1, C XIV 1; lazy C V 27; wip ~ wille perfunctorily, without devotion XV 127. [cp. n.] ydelnesse n. unproductive indolence XIII 238, C XV 213; sloth XIX/XXI 228;

99

yhandled - in

Glossary

yhandled see HANDLE. yhasped, haspide, yhapsed pp. fastened, locked I 197, A I 171, C I 192. [OE

34, A X 35, C XX 326. [AF image] ymaginacion, ymaginacioun n. foresight XX/XXII 33. [AF imagination] ymaginatif, ymagenatif n. that mental faculty conceived of as retaining and organizing percepts of observed experience pers. X 119, XII 1, C XIV 1, XV 21. [L or CF imaginatij] ymagynen, ymageny v. reflect, exercise forethought XIX/XXI 277; scheme, plot XIII 288; pa.t.3sg. XIII 357. [AF imaginer] ymaymed see MAYMETH; ymaked see MAKEN; ymaried see MARIEN; ymartired

h/epsian] yhated see HATIEN; yheeled see HELEN. yheer, yhere v. 1. imp.sg. listen, hear XVII 140. 2. pr.subj.pl. grant a hearing to CIV 187. [OEgeheran] yherberwed see HERBERWE; yherd, yherde pp. see HERIE, KEREN; yholde(n) see HOLDEN; yholpe see HELPEN; yhonted see HUNTE; yhote see HOTEN; yhudde see HIDEN; yk see I; yknyt see KNYTTEN. yknowe v. perceive C VII 168. [OE gecndwan] ylakked see LAKKE; ylasted see LASTE. ile n. domain, territory, province A II 63. [AF] yleye(n) see LIGGE; ylered see LEREN; ylerned see LERNE. ylettrede adj. educated X 403, C XI 233. [ME] ylik(e), yliche adj. similar (to) I 91, V 486, C X 6 8 , 116; in adv. phr. like C XX 3; to the same degree as C X 133, XIX 334. [OEgelic] ylike, yliche adv. likewise I 50, A I 48, C XV 33; equally XII 209, XIV 167, C XVI 20, XVIII 22; to the same degree XIX/XXI 439; indiscriminately XIII 349, C VI 183; euere ~ w. unswerving constancy XIV 303. [OEgelice] ilke adj. same C XVIII 264; particular XVII 114; as pron. pis- this particular thing I 83, A I 81, C I 79; that ~ that the sort of man who C XVI 314. [OE ilca] illen. evil 189, A I 87, C I 85, XX 318; sin 165, A I 63, C I 6 1 ; don- sin 153, VIII 103, A I 51, C Pr 109, I 49; doon/ diden/wrouhte ~ are/were sinners X 26, XVIII 387, C XX 432; as n. by meton. sinful souls XVIII 279, C XX 301; distress, suffering A X 68. [cp. OI illr] ille adj. sinful, wicked C X 94, XVI 193. [as above] illeaJv. badly Pr 224, VI 204, A VII 190, C VIII 210; sinfully, wickedly II 195, V 115, 470, A V 2 4 4 , C VI 324, VII 146, XX 429; don ~ offend, are unruly C III 332. [as above] ylorn, ylost see LESEN; ymaad see MAKEN. imade v. pa.t.pl. made C V 77. [OE gemacian] ymage n. figure I 50, A I 48; likeness IX

see MARTIRED.

ympe n. growth produced by grafting C XVIII 6; pi. scions, slips for grafting V 138. [OEimpe] imped v. pa.t.lsg. grafted V 139; imp.sg. IX 152. [OEimpian] impossible, inpossible adj. not possible, impossible X 341, C XX 462. [AF] impugnen v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. question the validity (of a document) XI 304, C XIII 118; pa.t.Ssg. VII 153, A VIII 152, C IX 302; rejected, dismissed as worthless C XV 130; intr. raise the question of validity Pr 109, C Pr 136. 2. pp. repudiated, rejected XIII 124. [AF empugner and L] in prep. 1. of location in Pr 93, 99, A Pr 12, 29, C P r 8 , 18; on III 236, XI 348, A IX 88, C XIX 197; abstract or immaterial in 171, 104, A VI 93, X 63, C I 39, III 366; of inherence in Pr 108, 110, A X 44, CPrl35, XVIII 195, XIX 183; to the extent of C IV 137; belongep ~ are properties of XVII 166; of restricted location in Pr 28, 154, A V 27, C I V 116, 123; among XIV 123, C VIII 138; within V 417(2), C VII 32(2). 2. of motion in, into Pr 4, VIII 29, A III 73, IV 102, C III 111, IV 81. 3. of object, intention in Pr 27, 88, II 108, A VIII 94, C Pr 77, III 122; upon X 398; for XV 498, C XVII 274; - menyng signifying C XV 243; ~ menyng after intent on XV 475; ~ menynge of implying C Pr 99. 4. of time in, during P r l , 91, III 331, A I 27, C II 32, 117, V 7; within V 341, XVI 132, A Pr 62, III 134, C V 50, XII 217; at VIII 127, CX 123; of X97. 5. specifying in 129, II 130, V 353, A I 102, II 50, C I 66, 100

in - inpugned

Glossary

A VIII 153, 177; pi VII 57, 175, C IX 320, XIX 223. [AF] ynempned see NEMPNE. infamis adj. in disrepute V 168. [L] infinites n. pi ideal concepts not absolutely definable XIII 128, 129. [AF infinit] infirmiten. ill health C IX 234. [AF] ingong, ingang n. admission, permission to enter V 629, A VI 114, C VII 282. [OE ingang] inhabiten v. pr.t.pl set themselves up, establish themselves C IX 189. [AF inhabiter] ynliche adv. sincerely, genuinely XIV 90; unreservedly CIII 371. [OE inlice] inne n. in phr. at~ housed, lodged VIII 4, A IX 4, C X 4 . [OEinn] inne adv. in X 102, 188, XIX/XXI 318, C XVII 198; quasi-adj. X 329, XX/XXII 193. [OE] mneprep. in XVI 15, XIX/XXI 417, C I 134, XII 217. [OE] innocence n. pers. the injured party, victim XVII 291, CIII 98. [AF] innocent n. guiltless person, sbody unjustly accused III 242; pi. young children VII 42. [AF] innocent adj. harmless, inoffensive VII 48, A VIII 50, CIX47. [AF] inobedient adj. unwilling to submit XIII 281, CVI 19. [AF] ynome see NYMEN. ynou3, yno3, ynow n. a sufficiency, enough VII 86, XV 317, A I 135; the word 'enough' XVIII 217, C XX 226. [OE genog] ynou3, ynogh, ynow adj. sufficient, enough VII 86, IX 181, C II 35, IX 43, X 182; fig. many, abundant II 144, A II 111, C XIX 223, XX 292. [OE genog} inpacient adj. resentful, bitter XVII 343, CVI 110, XIX 323. [AF] inparfit adj. faulty, defective C XV 135; imperfect, flawed C XVIII 102; sinful XV 50, XIX 428, C III 386, XIX 105; prescit ~ foreknown to be damned C XI 206; spiritually degenerate, corrupt XV 95, 565, C V I 119, XVI 278. [ME] inparfitly adv. w. double modification imperfectly and sinfully X 471. [fr. adj.] inpossible see IMPOSSIBLE; inpugned see

168, II 87; against XVII 199, C IX 16, XIX 165; over XVIII 105, C XX 108; of application on XII 48, XIX/XXI 353, C IX 74, 75; weex ~ wanhope fell into deeper despair V 279, wexe ~ a weer became increasingly confused XI 116, C XII 51; of manner, form, degree in Pr 129, I 19, V 325, A Pr 24, II 47, III 190, C I 110, III 404, VII 129; with XVII 67, C XIX 66; in accordance w. I 107, XI 152, 399, A I 22, X51, C I 19, XVII 295; by C III 402; ~ sighte w. actual sight XIX/XXI 180; -feib loyally XII 3, C XIV 3; werche ~ werk put into effect IV 146, A IV 129, C IV 143; shewynge~ appearing as XVII 155; of state or condition in Pr43, 120, 123, A Pr27, 120, C P r l 0 2 , II 247, V 10; into III 163, IV 156, A II 70, V 74, C III 202, 243; as XV 173; of XVII 183; with XVIII 256; ~ wille disposed X 171, A XI 123; of occupation or activity in II 177, III 257, V 435, A Pr 25, C XIII 122, 144; ~ werchynge under construction III 48, A III 47; of dress Pr 56, 211, A P r 3 , 13, C V 41, IX 119; wearing V 607; of heraldic cognizance in XVIII 22, C XX 21; of armour in XVIII 23, XX/XXII 116; disguised in XVIII 25, CXX24. [OE] in adv. in IV 44, 623, A V 139, 157, C VII 275, XI 42; frepid ~ surrounded by a live hedge of V 581, A VI 68, C VII 228; ellip. helpe may ~ C VII 276. [OE] incurable adj. beyond remedy, incurable fig. X 332, XIII 13, C V 177, XV 16. '[AF] ynde, inde n. India XV 521, XIX/XXI 165, C XVII 272. indepartable adj. indivisible, not separable C XVIII 27. [ME] indirect adj. of grammar not indicated by concord of gender, case or number C III 342; fig. not directed, ungoverned, behaving contrary to principle C III 334; fig. as n. ungoverned, unprincipled conduct CIII 371. [CF] indulgence n. 1. leniency, mercy in phr. do ~ remit the punishment of sin XX/XXII 321. 2. formal remission of a specific time of suffering in purgatory for sin that has been confessed, conferred for charitable gifts or pious acts, indulgence

IMPUGNEN.

101

insolibles

-

insolibles adj. unanswerable, unresolvable C XVI 232. [L] intestate adv. leaving no will or testament XV 138. [AFintestat] intilprep. into XIII 210. [ME] into prep, into (a room or structure) III 10, 191, A VII 171, C Pr 160, III 11; (a place or region) III 303, VI 200, A Pr 13, C VI 279, XVII 169; (heaven or hell) I 115, 205, A I 121, C VII 135, IX 326; (a changed condition) Pr 10, III 308, A XI 313, C VII 207, 1X183; (a container) XIII 197, A VII 167, C Pr 101; (a garment) Pr 2, A Pr 2, C Pr 2; (a community or association) C III 403, XI 18. [OE] inwit n. intellect, the capacity for thought 1X54, 60, XIII 288, A X 4 2 , 56, 60, C X 174, XVIII 179; pers. IX 18, AX47, C X 1 4 4 ; understanding XV 518, XVII 283, C VI 421, IX 117; developed intelligence IX 68, A X 58, C X 173, 181. [ME] iotten see YEDE; ypaied see PAIE; ypassed see PASSEN; yperissed, ypersed see PERCEN; ypli3t see PLI3TEN. ypocras n. Hippocrates XII43. ypocrisie n. simulation of virtue or piety, hypocrisy XV 110, C XVI 264; pers. XX/XXII 300. [AF ipocrisie] ypresed see PREISE(N); ypreued see PREUEN; ypriked see PRIKEI>; yput see PUTEN; Irael see ISRAEL; yrauysshed see RAUYSSHED; yraunsoned see RAUNSONE. ire n. (divine) wrath C XX 435; the deadly sin of anger fig. II 84, CII91. [AF] yrebuked see REBUKEN. yren, yre, yrons n. iron XIX/XXI 57, C Pr 97; bolted w. ~ fettered VI 136, C VIII 143; pi. fetters, shackles IV 85, A IV 72, CIV 81; ~ bounde(n) reenforced w. iron straps XIV 247, C XVI 89. [OE iren] yreuestede pp. wearing ceremonial vestments C V 112. [AF revestir] yrynged pp. beringed C II 12. [cp. OE hringan] irlonde, Ireland n. Ireland XX/XXII 221. yrobbed see ROBBE; yrobed see ROBEI>; yrons see YREN. ysaakn. Isaac (Gen. 21.3, 22) XVI 232, C XVIII 247. ysaye n. the prophet Isaiah X 424, A XI 283, CXI 256.

Glossary

ysaye see SEE(N). ysamme adj. together, w. each other IX 178, A X 199. [cp. OE samnian, samen adv.] ysaued see SAUEN. yse v. examine, read C XIX 6; pt.t.Spl. perceive C XVII 150; pa.t.sg. C XII 84; pi. C II 69; imp.sg. take note C XIV 103. [OEgeseon] yseien, ysei3e see SEE(N). ysekelesn. icicles XVII 231, C XIX 197. [OE is gicel] yserued see SERUEN; yset see SETTE. yshaue pp. shaven XV 229, C XVI 354; scraped V 193, C VI 201. [OE sceafan] ysherewed pa.t.lsg. cursed XIII 330. [ME] yshryue see SHRYUEN; ysoden see SODEN. ysodorus n. Isodore of Seville XV 37, C XVI 199. ysoiled see SOILED; ysou3t see SEKEN; ysowen see SOWE; yspilt see SPILLE. yspoused pp. joined in marriage IX 129. [AF espouser, spousaille] yspronge see SPRYNGE. israel, irael n. Israel X 285, A III 243, C Pr 105; Jacob (Gen. 32.28) C IX 317. issue n. 1. progeny IX 128, XVI 206, C X 243, XVIII 234; fig. XVI 196, C XVIII 205; descendants XI 206, C XVIII 255; son, offspring C XVIII 219. 2. successors X331.[AF] it, hit pron. 3sg. neut. nom. ace. it I 60, 87, III 266, A I 128, IV 106, C Pr 100, I 56; w. pi. ref. they Pr 10, V 575, A VI 62; w. fern. ref. I 71, A I 69; w. masc. pi. ref. VI 54, 207, A Pr 85, VII 49, C Pr 162, 1X118; as grammatical subj. Pr80, III 256, IV 183, A IV 150, VI 113, VII 121, C P r i l l , III 112, IV 22; w. masc. ref. XI 296, C XIII 121; w. first pers. ref. C XV 23 5; as grammatical obj. Pr38, III 266, XV 222(1), A I 31, IV 107, C Pr 39, II 78, III 466; dot. for it, on its behalf XI 91, C XII 32; indef. subj. w. impers. constr. Pr 32, III 209, VI 299, A IX 8, 33, C III 97, 434, V 164; poss. pron. as adj. his its XII 258, XVII 251, XIX/XXI 216, C XIX 217. [OE hit, his] ytailed pp. recorded on a tally stick V 422, C VII 35. [cp. AF tailler] itake see TAKEN; ytau3t see TECHEN.

102

yteynted - laper

Glossary

ywonne v. pa.t.pl. acquired, got possession of C XIX 247. [OE gewinnan] yworshiped see WORSHIPEN. yworpe v. in expr. let ~ let be, do not provoke C Pr 204; lat ~ turns away from C X 164; let god ~ let God's ways take their course VI 82, 226, C VIII 86. [OE geweorfrari] ywounded see WOUNDEN. ywounden pp. bound round, wrapped V 518. [OEwindan] ywrye pp. (of bedclothes) wrapped, covered XIV 233, C XVI 74. [OE wreon] ywrite see WRITEN; ywrithe see WROI> v.; ywro3t see WERCHEN.

yteynted/>p. stretched on a tenter XV 455. [cp. AF teindre] ytermyned, termined pp. established, determined I 97, A I 95, C I 93. [AF terminer] ythryueth v. pr.t.pl. prosper C Pr 34. [ME: cp. ON prifask] ytilled see TILIEN; ytouked see TOKE. yuel, euel(e), euil n. 1. moral evil, wickedness VII 42, C XVI 246; pi. XV 94; sin VII 117(1), A VIII 99(1), X 213; wicked conduct XI 104; wrong, injury X 204, XIII 105, A XI 153, C III 450; calumny pers. in spek ~ bihynde slanderer XIX/XXI 340. 2. misfortune VII 117(2), A VIII 99(2), C XIX 107. 3. venom XVIII 156, CXX 159. 4. sickness, disease C III 96; pi. foule ~ ulcers XIV 302, XIX/XXI 46, CXVI 138. [OEyfel] yuel, euyl, euel, vuel adj. 1. sinful C VI 20; immoral C XVI 261. 2. offensive XIII 321; -wille ill will, malice V 122, C XVIII 163. 3. miserable, wretched IX 126. 4. hard, difficult V 122(2), VI 48, XV 64, C VI 87; dangerous X 212, A XI 155. [OEyfel] yuele, euele adv. 1. wickedly, sinfully V 365, VIII 17, A IX 19, C IX 292(1), X 26, 298; uncharitably C I 188; in a state of sin XII 87. 2. poorly, wretchedly XIII 79, XV 535, C IX 292(2); imperfectly XX/XXII 280; perfunctorily XIII 411, C VII 71; badly XX/XXII 186, C V 157; w. harmful negligence C XIII 115. 3. w. difficulty V 168, XII 8, C XIII 115, XIX 326. [OEyfele] yvsed see VSE. yvenquisshed, yvenkused pp. vanquished XVIII 101, C XX 104. [AF venquiss(vengre)] ywaged see WAGE. ywar, ywaer adj. cautioned, warned I 42, X 81, 275, A X 85, C II 154, VII 80; in phr. was/were ~ realized, were aware X 140, A IX 109, CXI 81. [OEgewer] ywasshe(n) see WASSHEN; ywedded see

J

iaced pa.t.Bsg. was riding XVII 54, C XIX 52. [AFjacer] lacob n. the patriarch Jacob VII 167, C IX 311. lakke, lacke n. man's name, Jack VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71. lames, lame n. 1. the apostle James 1185, A I 159; fig. XIX/XXI 164. 2. Seint ~ the shrine of Santiago de Compostella Pr 47, A IV 109, C V 197. langle, langele v. 1. complain VI 314; find fault II 95, C II 102. 2. dispute XIII 84, C XV 91; pa.t.pl. C IX 293; debate, argue VIII 123, A IX 113, C X 119; contest in law Pr 130. 3. pa.t.Bsg. ~ berayeins denied, disputed this XVI 144; pi. XVI 119. 4. pr.subj.sg. chatter IV 155; prp. complaining IX 84. [AF jangler] langleres n. ribald or scurrilous entertainers Pr 35, A Pr 35; professional reciters X31. [AF] ianglyng, iangelyng ger. 1. legal contention IV 180, C IV 174; quarrelling IX 169, A X 190, C X 270. 2. malicious gossip V 158, C VI 133. 3. chatter, ineffectual argument XIX/XXI 397. [fr. v.] lape n. joke XXVXXII 145. [AF *jape and cp. gab} iape v. 1. perform as clown or jester XIII 232, C XV 206. 2. scoff, mock II 95, C II 102; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 41, C XX 40. 3. pr.t.pl. joke XIII 352. 4. pa.t.Bsg. made a fool of I 67. [AF *japer. cp.japery] laper, iapare n. jester, clown IX 93; popular entertainer C XVII 308; pi. Pr

WEDDEN.

ywende v. imp.sg. go without delay, betake yourself C V 104. [OE gewendan] ywis adv. surely, certainly XI 411, C XIII 219. [OEgewis] ywyte, ywete v. know, be aware C Pr 183, 111 76; understand, realize C XX 216. [OE gewitan] See WHEN. 103

laper - luggen

Glossary

35, X 31, A Pr 35. [AF: cp. gabeor, gabar] lelousie, ielosye, gelosie n. jealousy IX 169, A X 190, CX270. [AFgelousie] Ierico«. Jericho XVII 53, C XIX 51. lerom, leroem n. St Jerome XIX/XXI 270, A XII 108. Jerusalem, Iherusalem n. Jerusalem XVI 163, XVIII 17, C XIX 52. lesus, lesu n. Jesus of Nazareth XV 496, A XI 27, C XVII 192; in phr. ~ crist XI 248; oure lord ~ XIX/XXI 8; oure (lord) prynce ~ XIX/XXI 96, C XIII 3; ~ a Justices sone XVI 92, C XVIII 125; -be lustere XIX/XXI 10. leudith see IUDITH. iew(e) n. member of the Jewish religion, Jew IX 84, XII 42, A XI 84, C XVIII 165; pi. Ill 302, A XI 235, C IV 94; olde- Jews of the Old Law XVIII 17, C XX 15; gen. pi. iewen(e) of the Jews XVIII 258, C XX 266; as adj. Jewish I 67, XV 584, A I 65, C XX 40. [AFjeu] lob, lop n. the patriarch Job X 23, A XI 23, C XVII 51. logele v. entertain by music, song, jesting, clowning, sleight of hand XIII 232, C XV 206. [CFjugler] iogelour, lugelour n. mountebank VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71; sleight of hand artist C XVII 308; pi. X31. [AF jogelour] logged v. pa.t.3sg. thrust his way XX/XXII 134. [?] lohan, lohann, lohn, Ion n. man's name, John VII 45; the evangelist V 408, C VII 24; fig. XIX/XXI 265; John the Baptist XVIII 324, C XX 367; maistre ~ a notable cook XIX/XXI 288; sir ~ a worldly priest XV 123. lohan but n. John But, author of the conclusion to the A Version A XII 106. iohane, lone n. woman's name, Joanna, Joan V 158, C VI 133. lohannes Crisostomus n. John Chrysostom XV 117, C XVI 272. ioye n. 1. happiness II 157, XIV 121, XVI 18, A VIII 42, C XIII 20, XV 287; source of happiness XI 185, XIV 285, C XV 291; worldly well-being XII 42, XIV 111(2), XVIII 258, C XIII 15; pleasure, solace XIV 111(1), 119, C XV 301; bely- food and drink VII 130, A VIII 112. 2. spiritual well-being, divine favour C X 2 2 , XV 71; the perfect joy of

heaven VII 37, XI 168, XIV 122, C III 340, IX 50; heaven as the place of perfect joy VII 180, XII 134, A VIII 158, C XVII 145. 3. festal gaiety, show of rejoicing III 13, A III 92, C III 14. [AFjoie] ioylees, ioyles, ioyelees adj. unhappy IX 169, A X 190, CX270. [ME] loyned v.(l) 1. pa.t.3sg. fig. ~ to yoked w. XIX/XXI 265. 2. pp. fig. united in marriage II 137, A II 101. [AFjoindre] loyned v.(2) pa.t.3sg. enjoined I 185, A I 159. [ME: simplex of enjoinen] ioynte n. sg. in phr. out of ~ dislocated C 1X216; pi. joints XVII 178, C XIX 143. [AF joint] ioyntly adv. in phr. luggen yow ~ give legal assent to your union II 157, A II 121. [ME: cp. AF jointement] iolyfadj. happy C XIII 20. [AFjolifl lonette, lonete, lonet n. woman's name, Janet VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71. ionettes see PERE. losaphat n. Josaphat (Joel 3.2.12) XVIII 369, C XX 411. loseph, losep n. Joseph son of Jacob (Gen. 37.1) VII 165, A VIII 143, C IX 309. losue n. Joshua, Josue son of Nun XVII 24, C XIX 25. louke(n) v. rest quietly XVI 92, C XVIII 125. [CFjouquier] iourne(e) n. stint of work XIV 136, C XVI 5. [AFjournel loutes n. purees of mixed vegetables and herbs V 158, C VI 133. [CFjoute] Iuda«. Judah XIX/XXI 138. ludas, leudas n. Judas Iscariot I 67, A XI 84, C XVIII 165; gen. Pr 35, APr35. ludas Macabeus n. Judas Machabee (1 Mach. 2.4) XVII 24, C XIX 25. lude n. St Jude XII 203, C XIV 142. ludith, leudith n. heroine of the apocrypal Book of Judith XVII 24, C XIX 25. luelx see IUWEL. lugge, iuge n. judge XIV 111, C XV 287; pi. VII 190, A VIII 168, C IX 336. [AF juge] luggement n. in phr. ~ of armes judicial combat XVI 95, C XVIII 128. [AF juggement] luggen v. 1. hear the trial of, pass sentence on XIV 289, C XVI 124; intr. reach judicial decisions XX/XXII 29; give a ruling C II 172; pa.t. pi. condemned XII 104

luggen - kepe

Glossary

kaym see CAYM. kaiser, cayser n. emperor XIX/XXI 138, C III 315; pi. XX/XXII 101, A XI 219. [MHG keiser] kalendarrc. calendar XIII 153. [AF] kalketrappes n. caltrops C XX 294. [AF] kam see COMEN; kan, kanst, kanstow see KONNE; kau3te see CACCHEN. kaurymaury, caurymaury n. garment of coarse cloth V 78, A V 6 1 . [?] keep see KEPEN. keye n. key V 604, C VII 252; pi. XII 109, A VI 91, C XIV 54; miniature papal emblems, pilgrim badges V 522, A VI 10, C VII 167. [OEoeg] keyed, ykeyed, ykei3id adj. locked w. a key V614, A VI 100, C VII 266. [fr. n.] kele v. cool XIX/XXI 280. [OE celan] kembe v. dress wool w. a comb for spinning C IX 80; trans, pr.tpl comb out XI 15. [OE cemban] VxoKodj. 1. bold, fearless XX/XXII 129; aggressive XIV 241, C XVI 81; fierce, savage XX/XXII 374; cruel XVIII 413; cutting C VI 65; prickly C II 29; sharp XVIII 47, C VI 140; fig. IX 185, C X 286; grievous C XVIII 172; distressing, painful XX/XXII 97. 2. earnest XII 25; intense XIII 347, C XX 435. [OE cen] kene adv. to a fine point, cruelly XVIII 78, CXX80. [fr. adj.] kenne(n) v. 1. teach 181, 138, A I 127, C VII 91; pr.t.2sg. VI 21, A VII 23; Bsg. VII 72, X 201, A XI 222, C VIII 19; pi. Ill 222, X I 1 3 , A III 209, C III 277; pa.t.lsg. X 183, A XI 135; Bsg. VII 139, XII 229, XIX/XXI 234, A VIII 121; imp.sg. 114, A I 79, 114, C II 4. 2. proclaim, make known I 92, A I 90, C I 88; pr.t. 3 sg. C III 360. 3. show, explain (to) VII 108, XIII 431, XIX/XXI 9, A VIII 90, C IX 282. 4. direct X 153, A XI 105, C X I 91; pr.t.Ssg. 1142, A I 130, C I 141; pa.t.3sg. C IV 41; pi. V 539, A VI 27, C XVIII 17; imp.sg. A XII 53; pi. VI 14; guide XVII 116. 5. pa.t.Bsg. counselled IV 43. 6. acquire understanding of, master XIX/XXI 240; pr.t.pi. have command of, know A VIII 13; pr.subj.sg. A VII 237. [OE cennan] kennyngger. instruction X 199. kepe, kep n. heed, note A X 97; in phr. took ~ watched, observed XI 356, C XV 175; pa.t.Bsg. took ~ was interested in

89; pp. IX 93. 2. pr.t. pi. consider, judge (to be) IX 87, C XVII 132; pa.t.Bsg. proclaimed C I 181. 3. pass judgement on, find fault w. II 95, C II 102. 4. make a case in law Pr 130. 5. adjudge II 157, A II 121; pr.subj.sg. II 137, A II 101. 6. govern XIX/XXI 474; pa.t.pl. administrated XVI 119. 7. pa.t.3sg. interpreted VII 167, C IX 311. [AFjugger] lurdan n. chamberpot or ? topically the surname Jordan XIII 84, CXV91. [ML jurdanus] lurour n. sworn witness or recognitor VII 45; pi. CII 153. [AF jurour] luste, iuyste n. in phr. ~ wombe pot belly XIII 84, CXV91. [AF juste] lusten, ioust(e) v. joust XVI 95, C XIX 52; pa.t.Bsg. XVI 163, C XX 184; fig. XX/XXII 134. [AFjouster] lustere, ioustere n. jouster XIX/XXI 10. [AF justewr] lustes, ioustes n. pi. occasion of tournament and jousts XVII 54, C XX 14. [AFjustes] Justice n. 1. in phr. 3<mre ~ law, equity, the course of justice in your courts A III 145. 2. judge II 137, VII 45, A l l 101, CXVI 124, XIX 286; pi. Ill 13, 155, A III 13, C II 153, VIII 337; fig. II 48, III 321, C IV 186; Caiphas, the Scribes and elders of Judea (Mat. 26.57) C XVIII 177. 3. administrator of the law, justiciar VII 171, XVIII 38, XIX/XXI 139, A VIII 148, C XVIII 161; fig. XVI 92, C XVIII 125. [AS justice] lustifie v. refl. establish their legal rights Prl30; pa.t.Bsg. governed XIX/XXI 44. [CFjustifier] luttes, lottis n. common folk X 467, A XI 311. [?] luuentee n. youth XIX/XXI 108. [AF juvente] luweln. precious object XVIII 428, C XX 471; treasure XI 185; pi. rich gifts III 155, A III 145, C III 193. [AF jeuel, jewel] luwise, iewyse n. judicial punishment XVII1382, C XX 424. [AF juise]

K kaireb see CAIREN. kaylewey n. adju. from, associated with Cailloux XVI 69. [CF * Caillouaix]

105

kepe - kyn

Glossary

XI 337, C XIII 145; took grete ~ of looked very closely at XIII 271; take ~ to care for, look after C XIX 76; imp.sg. attend to XX/XXII 358. [fr. v.] kepe(n) v. 1. protect VI 160, XIX/XXI 144, A X 68, C V 17, X 184; pr.t.pl. VII 9, A VIII 9; pa.t.pl. XIX/XXI 149; pr.subj.sg. Pr 125, VI 27, A VII 29, C Pr 149, VIII 26; imp.sg. XX/XXII 92; guard A X 15; pr.t.Ssg. IX 10, A X 10, C X 137; defend XX/XXII 376. 2. have charge of Pr 100, XVII 5, C Pr 128, V 79; pr.t.pl. X 477, XV 347, C XIV 54, XVII 69; pa.t.pl. XII 113, C XIV 58. 3. preserve C VIII 145; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 28; hold in loving care XVII 279, A X 23, C XIX 260; pr.subj.sg. IX 24, A X 24, C X 150; pp. A X 50; take care of, watch over I 55, VI 91, XIX/XXI 423, A VII 128, CXI 243, 301; pp. A VI 32; imp.sg. care for XVII 77; herd VI 140, C V 18; pa.t.Bsg. C III 412. 4. govern III 289, IV 138, XIX/XXI 42, A VIII 148; pr.t.3sg. Ill 209, A III 196; pi. XV 197, XIX/XXI 366, C XVI 339; pr.subj.pl. C V 185; pr.t.Ssg. governs 1X17, A X 16, CX143; imp.sg. control X 168, A XI 120; administer II 22, C II 21; pr.t.pl. XI 158, A III 83, C III 78; inf. as imp. Ill 77, A III 66; enforce I 94, A I 92, C I 90; pr.t.3sg. observes, obeys C VII 73; pa.t.2sg. VII 195, A VIII 173; pi. C IX 341; imp.sg. C XI 140(1); pr.tpl. abide by XV 466. 6. hold fast to pr.t.3sg. C XII 214, 241; pi. X 365, C I 42, XII 236; pp. C VII 49; pr.subj.sg. XII 247; intr. pr.t.Ssg. hoards XV 247; imp.sg. set aside, reserve VI 263, A VII 247, C VIII 273; keep (in store) V 27, A V 27, C V 129; keep (clean) XIV 11; pr.t.pl. remain (chaste) I 195, A I 169; maintain XV 581; ~ out/peroute/withouten exclude V 614, A VI 100, C VII 266; ~ fro hold apart from A X 158; imp.sg. II 47, A II 29, C II 49; re/7, refrain C XI 140(2). 7. pr.t.lsg. care, want, wish (for) III 280, IV 193, A III 258, C III 433; 3sg. XI 424, C XIII 232; pi. A I 8. [L OE cepan] kepere, kepar(e) n. protector XX/XXII 72; governor XII 126, XIX/XXI 443; pi. guardians, pastors C XVI 275; herdsmen XV 461, C XIV 88. [fr. v.] kepyngger. conduct XIX/XXI 353.

kerke see CHIRCHE. kerne v. form and bear grains C XII 181. [OE *cyrnan\ kernel, cornel n. kernel XI 262, C XII 148; fig. essential agent XI 266; essential source of strength C XII 151. [OE cyrnel] kernels, carneles, kirnelis n. crenellations, battlements V 588, A VI 75, C VII 235. [AF] kerue, curuen v. 1. cut VI 104, A VII 96, C VIII 65; pa.t.pl. cut short C VIII 185; 2. carve (in wood or stone) XIX/XXI 141. [OEceorfan] kerueres n. carvers, artists in wood or stone X 183, AXI 135, CXI 123. [fr. v.] keruyngeger. the art of carving XVII 173. kete adj. distinguished, eminent X 70, 464, A XI 56, 308. [? ODan] keuere v. pr.subj.pl recover XX/XXII 335; pp. made whole, restored to grace XVIII 391. [AFcttvnr] keuered, keuereth see COUERE. kex, kix n. dry rush, plant stalk XVII 223, C XIX 189. [?] kichenerc. kitchen V 155, 258, C VI 130. [OE cycene] kidde v. 1. pa.t.lsg. showed, expressed XIII 389; 3sg. V 433, C VII 46; pi. XV 303; pa.t.lsg. put forth X 143, A XI 96. 2. pp. proclaimed C XII 197; pa.t.pl. ~ mede gave recompense A VIII 44. [OE cypari\ kyen, kyne see cow. kyke v. kick C IV 22. [cp. OI kikna] kille(n), kyllyn, kiln, kulle, cullen v. 1. kill 166, V256, A VII 33, C XII 241; pa.t.lsg. C VIII 279; pp. Pr 185, XIX/XXI 444, C X 2 4 7 , XVII 289; put to death XVI 137, A III 246, C X 101; pa.t.lsg. Ill 187, A III 174, C III 233; 3sg. A III 251; pi. XIX/XXI 142; pr.subj.sg. A III 248; pp. XVI 152; destroy XX/XXII 151; fig. C XVI 26; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 99. 2. beat, strike X 431, A XI 290, C XI 267. [OE *cyllan] kyn, kynne n. 1. stock II 131, A X 154, C II 44, X 258; people, family XII 93, C XVII 62; ancestry XIII 310, C IX 202; family connexions XI 299, C XIII 113. 2. kindred I 192, III 204, V 630, A I 166, C V 69, XX 265. 3. kind, sort C XX 288; w. n. kind, sort of C III 364, 372, XVIII 21; gen. sg. kynnes, kynes,

106

kyn - kyndly

Glossary

XI 267; sort XV 316; rank, station XIX/XXI 476; natural risk inherent in his status C XVII 287, 290. 7. parentage IX 112, XIX/XXI 123, A X 135, C II 84, X 205; offspring IX 129, XI 336, C XVIII 222; kin A II 95, C XIX 223. 8. in grammatical use gender C III 337, 347; grammatical feature III 364; pi. C III 362; fig. C III 372. [OE cynd] kynde adj. 1. in phr. ~ wit natural, untutored intelligence, native wit XII 108, C XIV 30, 157; pers. XII 69, XVII 138, C XIX 111; intelligence as a gift of God XII 45, XIX/XXI 315, C XIV 163; developed intelligence XII 64, 67, C XI 225; pers. XII 93, XIX/XXI 360, C XIV 34; intelligence rationally applied Pr 118, CXIII 237; pers. Prll4, 155, XV 553, A I 53, III 260, 275, C Pr 145, IV 152; ~ witted possessing natural intelligence XII 107, C XIV 72; ~ knowyng innate knowledge I 142, A I 139, C I 141; genuine perception, real understanding 1138, VIII 57, 113, A I 127, C X 56, XIV 79; of ~ vnderstondyng intelligent C V 56, XIV 102; ~ milk milk that nature provides XV 467; ~ fruyt fruit natural to it XVI 70. 2. benevolent, loving, caring X 368, XI 188, XIII 144, A III 59, X 128, C XV 145; well disposed C XIII 13; generous 1X89, XV 104, C XVI 257. 3. true, real III 67, XIV 270, CIII 71, XV 181, XVI 110; sincere XX/XXII 73; correct A XI 254; proper, actual VIII 71, A IX 62, C II 29, X 69; ~ loue love in accordance w. uncorrupted nature, caritas XIII 150, C XIV 14; pers. Ill 299, C III 452. [OE gecynde] kyndely adv. by their essential nature XIV 88; familiarly V 538, A VI 26, C VII 183; w. intrinsic understanding I 81, 163, XV 2, A I 79, C XI 138, XX 230; from their nature C IX 214; effectively C XX 213; correctly C IV 147, XVII 111; pleasantly, w. kind consideration III 15, A III 15. [OE gecyndelice] kyndenesse n. goodwill, friendliness expressed in kind or generous action V 433, XIII 389, C VII 46; pers. generous conduct A III 274. [fr. adj.] kyndly adj. naturally inherent C XVII 153. [OE cyndelic]

kenis w. sg. n. kind(s) XIV 17, A X 26, C V 20; w. pi. n. II 201, A X 27; gen. pi. kynne w. sg. n. C X 151; kyne C Pr 26; w. pi. n. kynne kinds, sorts Pr 223, C X 1 5 ; kyne A VII 62, C III 378; kyn A III 212, CIII 280; kenne A XII 110; of species, class IX 25, A X 26, C X 151; alle ~ of all peoples XIII 208, XIX/XXI203, CIII 23 5; bre ~ of three nations XIX/XXI 95. by early misdiv. skynes All 162, C II 215; skenis A X 2. [OE cyn, cynnes, cynna] kynde n. 1. inherent quality, nature II 77, XVII 275, XVIII 375, A IX 37, C XVI 370, XX 189; a natural property XIV 43, C XV 241; natural complement XVII 251, C XIX 217; wendeoutof- change for the worse C II 250; pers. the divine nature XVII 276, C XIX 257. 2. human nature XVIII 222, C III 356, 402; sinful human nature XVII 335, C XIX 315; physical system XIII 403, C VI 430; physical vigour, natural vitality XI 262, XX/XXII 199, C XII 148; cours of ~ natural physical process III 56, C III 60; of ~ naturally C IX 169; in the natural course C XVIII 223; by ~ from the nature (of) XVII 344, C XIX 324; form, appearance XI 368, C XIII 178. 3. natural instinct, (innate) character XI 403, XIX/XXI 282, 400, C I 67, III 251; the nature of fallen humanity C XVII 161, XVIII 78; be ~ of natural in XVIII 13, C XX 11. 4. Nature as the creative principle XIII 18; pers. God the Creator IX 2, XI 326, XII 226, XVIII 76, A X 26, C XIV 160, XV 18, XX 78; God apocalyptically responding to human sinfulness through created nature XX/XXII 76, 80, 384. 5. created nature XVIII 211, C XX 220; the natural world, God's creation pers. XI 321, C XIII 131; the divinely inherent law of the natural world XIV 120, XV 52, C X 173; by ~ of natural right XI 67; maugre ~ C X 246; lawe of ~ natural justice VI 221, XX 18, A VII 207, C VIII 230, XVII 152. 6. species, kind Pr 186, IX 144, XI 336, CXIII 151, XIV 163; variety C XVIII 62; kind of behaviour C VI 193; humankind XX/XXII 372, C XVIII 67; class of being V 588, XV 14, A VI 75, C VII 235; fellow men XVII 257, C XIX 223; people X 4 3 1 , A XI 290, C

107

kyng - knoweliched

Glossary

kyng n. 1. sovereign ruler, king Pr 92, 112, A II 10, CPrl48; pi. 194, A VIII 9, C III 44. 2. of Christ XVIII 265, C XX 277; of the deity hye ~ of heuene XV 511, C XVII 262; of the Magi XIX/ XXI 86; pi XIX/XXI 72; gen. pi. kyngene XIX/XXI 79; Cesar fee ~ A I 46. [OE cyning] kyngdom, kyndom, kynedom n. realm, kingdom VII 161, A VIII 139, C II 250; fig. A II 62; nation XVIII 109, C XX 112; of heaven Pr 105, C Pr 133. [OE cyingdom] kyngene see KYNG. kynghod, kinghed n. royal status, royalty X338, A XI 226. [ME] kyngryche, kyn(n)eryche n. kingdom Pr 125, C X 112; of heaven C XII 169. [OE cyningrice] kynnesmen n. male blood relations, kinsmen XV 247. [ME] kynnes womman n. kinswoman C II 149. [ME] kynrede n. family connexions IX 177, A X 198, C X 258; descendants, progeny A X 158. [OEcynrede] kirk, kirke see CHIRCHE. kirkeward adv. in phr. to ~ in the direction of the church V 297, A V 147, C VI 351. [ME] kyrk(e)3erde n. cemetery in the church grounds XIII 9, CXV11. [EME] kirtel n. tunic V 79, XI 285, A V 62. [OE cyrtel] kisse(n), kusse v. kiss Pr 73, A Pr 70, C II 149; pa.t.lsg. A XII 47; 3sg. X 234, XVI 152, A XI 177, C XX 463; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 417, C XX 460; mp.sg. IV 3, A IV 3, C IV 3; pi XVIII 428, C XX 471. [OEcyssan] kissyngeger. kissing C VI 187, XVI 149, C XVIII 172. kip, kuth n. 1. homeland XV 535, C XVII 196. 2. people from (sbody's) homeland XIII 378. 3. realm III 204, XIX/XXI 79, A III 191, CIII 261. [OE cyb] kiton, kitoun n. kitten Pr 203, 194, C Pr 204, 208; pi. CPr215. [? AF] kytte n. woman's name (dim. of Katherine) XVIII426, C V 2 , VI 304, XX 469. knappes, knoppis n. ornamental buttons or clasps VI 270, A VII 254. [OE cruep] knaue n. 1. servant, serving man III 132,

V 117, A IV 17, CPr40, V 161; pi. Pr 226, AV160, C IX 206. 2. peasant VI 49, C VIII 46; labourer, workman C III 412; pi V309, A VII 181, C I 125, V 65; of minor devils lads, rascals C XX 287; messenger A XII 77; Roberdes ~ thieving vagabonds Pr 44, A Pr 44, C Pr 45. [OEcnafa] knees, knes, knowes n. pi. knees I 79, V 352, A V 88, C III 93, V 106. [OE cneow] knele(n) v. kneel (in reverence or respect) V 387, 477, A XI 100, C VII 119; pr.t.lsg. V 105, A V 8 5 ; pa.t.lsg. 179, A I I I , CI76; 3sg. Ill 43, A III 217, C III 45; pi XIX/XXI 75, C XVII 177; pr. subj.sg. X315, CV161; imp.sg. XIX/ XXI 209; prp. Pr 124, XIX/XXI 95, A III 105; come(n) ~ came on bended knee Pr73, XIX/XXI 74, A Pr 70, C Pr 71. [OE cneowlian] knelyngger. kneeling X 143, A XI 96. knet see KNYTTEN; knewliche(d) see KNOWELICHED.

knyf n. dagger, knife worn as sidearm V 79, A V 62; pi V 165, XX/XXII 219. [OE cnifl kny3t n. armoured cavalryman holding land in feudal tenure for military service, member of a chivalric order, knight III 315, V 159, A VII 25, C X 266; pi I 100, A I 92, CPr 181; fig. Ill 110, XVII 1, AX 17, C XII 76; pi XI 313, C I 105; pi lighting men, warriors VII 161, A VIII 139; soldiers XIX/XXI 144. [OE cniht] kny3ted v. pa.t.3sg. dubbed, raised to knighthood fig. I 105, A I 103. [fr. n.] knyghtho(o)d, knyhthoed, knyghthed(e) n. 1. coll. the Second Estate, the bellatores Pr 112, XV 553, C Pr 143; knightly rank X 336, A XI 226. 2. the order of knighthood C I 98; by synech. a chivalrous deed XVIII 96, C XX 99. [ME] knytten v. fasten Pr 169, C Pr 186; pp. XV 242, CIII 211. [OEcnyttan] knokn. blow X 332, CV177. [fr. v.] knokked v. pa.t. 1 sg. beat, struck C V 106; 3sg. V 390, XVI 128, C VII 6; knocked XX/XXII 329; pr.subj.pl. C VIII 286; pa.t.Ssg. struck down XX/XXII 130. [OEcnocian] knoweliched, know(e)leched, knolechede, kneweliched v. 1. pa.t.Bsg. admitted, 108

knoweliched - konne

Glossary

pa.t.pl. A IV 66; know (of), be/are/is aware of pr.t.lsg. V 631, A VI 116, C X 112; 2sg. Ill 185, VIII 72, A IX 63, C III 231; 3sg. IV 61, A X 10, C VI 144, VII 195; pi. I 136, III 147, A I 125, VI 38, CIII 185; pa.t.lsg. C XVI 292; pi. IV 80; prp. XX/XXII 67; realize pr.Usg. XII 174, C XIV 114; pa.t.pl XII 78; imp.sg. VI 49; be conscious of XII 230. 5. learn and understand XI 325, 418, XVII 42, A XI 103, C III 341, XI 110; pr.subj.sg. C XVIII 198; pp. XI 407; intr. XII 219. 6. know, have understanding of I 163, X 151, A XI 103, C I 159, III 364; pr.t. 3sg. XII 226, XIII 134, A X 133; pi. C XV 181, XVII 292; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 187, CXIV 159; pi. XII 153; pa.subj.pl. XI 108, C XII 42; imp.sg. XVII 140; pp. XI 414, C XIII 222; pr.t.lsg. XV 25, C XVI 185; pi. XIII 115, C XV 122; abs. pa.t.pl. X 471; ~ and konne learn and understand XV 45, C XVI 207; pa.subj. sg. were master of XV 49, C XVI 211. 7. pr.t.lsg. am capable of C VI 322; 3sg. XVII 145, C XIX 119; pi. C VIII 266; pr.t.pl. resoun ~ are rational people C XIX 229. 8. worship, honour I 109, A I 107, C XVIII 93; sarcastic X 57, A XI 43, C XI 38; honour and observe, respect C IX 233; pr.t. pi. IV 41; pp. C IV 71; pa.t.pl. acknowledged XV 587, C XVII 298; pp. XV 532, C XVII 282; imp.sg. take cognizance of A XII 1. 9. make known, manifest XVI 192. [OE cndwan] knowes see KNEES. knowyng adj. pp. in phr. ~ in konnyng learned, erudite C XI 290. [ME] knowyng(e) ger. 1. perception, understanding X 478, XV 198; ability XIX/XXI 308. 2. recognition II 233, A II192, C II243. [fr. v.] See KYNDE. knowlichynge, knowlechyng ger. admission of sinfulness XIV 187, C XVI 30. konne, conne, kunne v. 1. have the ability, capability, resource (to), can pr.t.lsg. Pr 111, II 62, III 173, V 270, A IV 89, VIII 97, XI 165, C V 89, VI 196, 426; 2sg. II 47, III 173, V 533, A II 29, C X 151, XIX 220; 3sg. Pr 200, V 547, X 19, A XI 19, 25, C VI 56, IX 282, X 112, XI 18; pi. I 196, V 168, A I 170, XI 185, C XV 172; pa.t.lsg. IV 54, XIV 12, XV 2, A XI 169, C XV 151;

confessed V 473, A V 247, C VI 327; abs. pa.subj.pl. made admission of guilt C VII 147. 2. pr.t.3sg. declares C XIII 90; pa.t.pl. acknowledged XIX/XXI 77. 3. pr.subj.pl. admit, accept an obligation XIX/XXI 186. [ME] knowe(n) v. 1. know, recognize Pr 122, I 75, 114, A I 73, C I 7 2 ; pr.Usg. XVIII 273, C XX 295; pa.t.Bsg. XI 235, XVIII 244, C XV 30; pi. XI 239, XII 153, C XIV 97; pp. V 639, XI 233, A XII 43, C VI 26; recognized as such XV 17; to ~ to be recognized A X 54; identify XI 11, XV 209, XVI 147, C XI 170; pr.t.3sg. X 441; pa.t.lsg. XVI 179; pi. C XIV 97; imp.sg. II 47, A II 29, C II 49; pp. XV 232; distinguish VI 48, XIX/XXI 348, C VIII 45; pr.t.pl. XV 369, C XVII 105; pp. Pr 56, A Pr 53, C Pr 54. 2. be familiar w. XVII 10, XX/XXII 280, C XIX 11; pr.t.lsg. V538, XIII 131, A V I 26, C II 132; 3sg. V 596, XX/XXII 337, A VI 83, C X I 91, XIII 92; pi. VIII 15, XVII 116, C X 1 5 ; pa.t.3sg. knew IV 32, C IV 32, XVI 159; pp. familiar, well known X 239, XV 20, C XVI 168; pp. famous C XI 93; intr. pa.t. pi. ~ togideris copulated A X 146; pp. ~ for reputed IV 164, XI 302, C X 264; know about, know of, have/come by knowledge of VI 219, XI 49, A VII 205; pr.Usg. V 183, 532, A VI 20, C XVI 201; 3sg. XV 211; pi. XIV 112, XV 197, C XVI 368; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 274, XIX/XXI 413, C XX 296; pi. XV 587, C XVII 298; pa.subj.sg. XV 195; pi. XV 319, C XVII 54; (get to) know, be(come) conversant w. X 212, XIII 186, XIX/XXI 203, A XI 155, C XVI 224; pr.t.3sg. XII 171, CXIV 111; pa.t.lsg. XIII 310; 3sg. XIII 187; pr.subj.sg. IX 80, C XV 78; knows the character of II 139, A II 103, C II 155; become aware of XII 230; pr.t.3sg. is knowledgeable about C II 239; pa.t.3sg. II 229, A II 188; pa.subj.sg. XV 49, C XVI 211. 3. know for a fact C X 75; pr.t.lsg. Ill 284, A III 260, C V 8 3 ; 2sg. Ill 178, A III 165, C III 224; 3sg. XII 82, 235, C IV 76; pi. X 472, XIII 115, C I 47, VII 91; pa.t.Bsg. XII 69, 225; imp.sg. VI 49; pp. C VII 207; intr. pr.t.lsg. C XVI 185; pi. C I I 18. 4. perceive V 523, AVI 11; pr.Usg. Ill 67, A III 58, C III 71;

109

konne - lacche(n)

Glossary

2sg. XX/XXII 6; 3sg. VIII 6, X 141, XX/XXII 304, A IV 142, C X 6; pi. V 328, A V 177, C VI 386; pa.subj.2sg. VIII 76, A IX 67, C XVIII 2; l,3sg. I 116, V196, XIII 228, A V 1 1 2 , C II 14, IX 156; pi. Pr 201, XV 301, C XVII 319; pr.t.3sg. is capable of XI 413, XV 171, C XIII 222; pa.t.lsg. abs. XIII 310, C VI 58; pr.t.Ssg. ~ of is accomplished in XVIII46, CXX71; abs. pr.t.3sg. has the capability XIII 338, C VI 82; pa.t. 3sg. XI 166; pr.t.lsg. know how to V 188, X349, XIV 277, XX/XXII 336, A V 245, C IX 282; 2sg. C V 12; 3sg. I 145, XII 171, C Pr 208; pi. VI 149, XIII 178, A VII 114, CXIII 125; pa.t. 3sg. Ill 347, C VII 191; pi. Ill 344; pr.subj.sg. VIII 115, A IX 105; pa. subj.sg. V 24, 78, A IX 118; intr. pr.t .pi. Pr 33, VI 122, A Pr 33, C VIII 129; pa.t.pl. C III 16; pa.subj.sg. C VIII 21. 2. have knowledge of, know XV 53, XIX/XXI 99, A XII 7, C XVII 115; pr.t.lsg. Ill 3, 332, A III 3, C VII 10; 3sg. XIII 135, A XI 124, C XI 98, XVI 49; pi. X 21, 464, A XI 21, 308, C VIII 266, XIV 11; pa.t.3sg. V 513, C VII 158; pi. AVI 1; pr.subj.sg. VI 253; intr. pr.t.Bsg. XII 165, C II 239; pa.t.Bsg. II 229, XVI 101, A II 188; pr.t. 3 sg. is skilled, expert (in) XIX/XXI 255; pi. A X 107; pa.t.3sg. XIII 223, XVI 101, C XV 192; pr.subj.sg. XX/ XXII 342. 3. acquire knowledge of, learn, study VI 23, A XII 7; pa.t.pl X 473; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 206; abs. exercise intelligence XV 25, C XVI 185. 4. in phr. ~ his fyue wittes is a sensible being XIX/XXI 216; ~ kynde wit possesses intelligence XIX/XXI 315, C XI 225; colloc. w. knowe have mastery off XV 45, 62, 381, C XVI 224; pa.t.lsg. C VI 58; pa.subj.sg. XV 49, C XVI 211; come to understand C XI 99; pr.t.pl. distinguish or understand XV 369; ~ reson use your mind XIX/XXI 26; possess intelligence XV 476; good ~ talked sense Pr 182, C Pr 199; ~ konnynge is resourceful XII 162; carpynge I ~ language I commanded X 143; ~ on book read X 473; ~ no cortesye lacks manners and breeding C X 264. 4. as modal emph. aux. pr.t.pl. VI 68, A VII 62, C VIII 69; pa.t.lsg. X 226, A XI

169. [OE cunnan] konnynge(e), connyng, cunnyng adj. 1. learned III 34, A XI 273, C XIV 102; knowledgeable III 347; educated XII 174; expert in moral theology XI 70. 2. superl. most proficient C VI 42. 3. shrewdly successful in trade C X 257. konnynge, kunnyng ger. 1. expertise XIII 292, XIX/XXI 234; command X455, C XI 280; expert knowledge XI 66; pi. C XV 131; ability XIX/XXI 253; commendable skill XIX/XXI 458; resourcefulness X 453, C XIV 36, 106; intelligence A X 50, C XV 18(2). 2. learning XI 212, 302, C XI 222, XIV 19; education XI 299, C XIII 113. 3. wisdom XIII 15, C XV 18(1). kulle(d) see KILLEN; kultour see CULTOUR. kutte, kitte v. 1. cut V 32, C V 134; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 56; imp.sg. IV 164, C IV 159. 2. pa.t.pl. shortened VI 188. [? OE *e at any time, ever III 73, A III 55; til ~ and longe after a long and wearisome time V 515, A VI 3, C VII 160. 3. comp. more slowly, less readily I 199, A I 173. [OE] later adj. comp. more recent, subsequent C XX 348. [cp. OEl<et] layered pp. soaked, laundered XIV 7. [OE

lehrari] latyn n. 1. the Latin language, Latin Pr 129, C I 140. 2. a text or passage in Latin III 97, A III 86, C IX 213. 3. reading of Latin III 337, C III 489; fals ~ incorrect Latin XI 304, C XIII 118. [AF latin] latter see LATE .adv. Iau3en, lauhe(n), lawhe, lawen v. 1. laugh C XVI 304; pr.t.pl. C XVI 302; pa.t.3sg. C II 32. 2. be amused IV 19, XIII 228, C VII 22, 83. 3. laugh in contempt, ridicule by laughter IV 106, C XVI 310; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 459; prp. CVI23. 4. rejoice, be joyful XIII 449, C VII 109; pr.Usg. VI13, A V 9 3 ; pi. C XV 199; prp. IV 153. 5. pa.t.Ssg. smiled XI 84, XIV 34, A XII 42, C XVIII 3; pr.subj. sg. XI 209, C XV 146; prp. X 145, A XI 98, C III 55; delighted, enthusiastic XX/XXII 114. [OEhlMan] Iau3yng, lauhynge, leyhing ger. 1. laughter V 336, A V 185, C VI 394; smiling XVI 155. 2. amity XVIII 414, C XX 457. lauhfollyche adv. in accordance w. the law CIX59. [ME] laumpe see LAMPE. launce n. lance III 305, C III 458. [AF lance] launde n. glade, forest clearing, open woodland VIII 65, A IX 56, C Pr 8; fig. longe ~ secluded place X 166, A XI 118, C X 64; pi. on ~ in the woodlands XV 298, 304. [AF] launseth, launceth v. pr.t.Ssg. of plant growth shoots, springs C XII 222; pi. C XII 186; pr.t.Ssg. trans. - vp puts forth C XVIII 10. [AF launcer] laurence n. Lawrence the Deacon C II 133. lauendrye n. laundry room XV 187, C XVI 333. [?AF: cp. lavendiere] laueth v. pr.t.Ssg. washes clean C XVI 333; pp. XIV 5. [OE lafian, AF laver] lawe n. 1. the system or sum of laws of the land, the law Pr 122, II 198, A II 99, C III 377, IV 175; pi. II 22, III 77, A III 203, C III 78, VIII 85; comune ~ XVIII 72, C XX 74; ech a ~ each of the three legal systems XI 97, C XII 63. 2. administration or enforcement of the law Pr213, II 124, III 156, All 88, III 146, CIII 451, IV 174. 3. law as a body of

112

lawe - lede(n)

Glossary

195; truly impartial justice IV 180, XI 145, XIV 146, A III 273, C XII 89, XVII 130; pers. administration of the law in the true spirit of justice II 48, 136, III 294, A II 100, C III 197. 3. integrity of life, conduct in accordance w. Christian morality IV 36, XI 167, XV 468, C III 379, VII 260, XI 158; fig. as a manual of conduct C XII 97; as aspiration to recover the imago dei C X 172; pers. II 21, III 291, IV 161, XI 84, A III 267, C II 20, III 444, IV 156. [AF] leche, lecche n. 1. physician XX/XXII 304; pi II 226, A VII 257, C III 301, VIII 294; fig. I 204, XVI 118, C I 199; healer XIV 302, C XVI 138; by melon. medicine XIV 318. [OE Idee} lechecraft, lechecraeft n. 1. medical skill VI 254, XX/XXI 173, A VII 238; fig. XVI 104, C XVIII 137; fig. healing grace XIII 337, CVI81. [OE \ececr<efi\ lechen v. 1. cure XIII 253, C XV 219; pa.t.Ssg. C VIII 189, XVIII 141; w. spiritual sense C XIX 95. 2. pa.t.Ssg. raised from the dead XVI 113. [fr. n. and cp. OE l&cnan} lecherie n. 1. sexual self-indulgence, lechery Pr 77, A Pr 74, C HI 57; promiscuity VI 143; fig. II 89, X 166, A II 61, C XVIII 36; sexual activity IX 184, CX285, XI 262; bawdy stories X 50, A XI 36; sexual intrigue III 126, C VI 194; sexual desire, libido XIII 343, C VI 176, XVII 80; pers. I 30, A I 30; the capital sin lust, luxuria VI 143, C X 161; pers. XIV 250, C VI 170. 2. fig. uncontrolled luxury, extravagance XV 103, C XVI 256. [AF] lecherous(e) adj. self-indulgent, morally unregulated II 125, AII 89. [AF] lechyng ger. the physician's care C XIX 75. lechour n. lecher, lascivious person VI 266, A VII 250; pi XIII 352, C VI 195; pers. the capital sin V71, AV54. [AF] lede(n)v. guide, lead XI 21, XVII 120, C XI 180; pr.t.3sg. C XV 274; pi X 22, XIII 455, C VII 115; pp. XIII 12, C XV 15; pa.t.Ssg. led forth V 490; (of a mount) pa.t.Ssg. XVII 67, C XIX 66. 2. take XVIII 270, C XX 443; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 74, C XIX 73; pi C XVIII 177; imp.pl II 135, XV 83; -in admit C VII 253. 3. escort, accompany XIX/XXI

knowledge, legal erudition XI 171, 219, A XI 128, C XI 116; pers. the legal profession II 156, III 300, XI 223, A III 150, 273, C II 172; clerkes of pe ~ lawyers X451, C XI 276; prentices oflaw students XIX/XXI231. 4. rule or set of rules of conduct VII 90, XVIII 343, A VIII 72, C VII 73; regulation XX/XXII 10, CIII 88, 120, XIII 50; statute C III 206; pi. VI 318, A VII 299, C VIII 338; by synec. legal marriage IX 191, A X 204. 5. true legal right, justice III 159, 294, IV 176, A III 269, C III 294, XX 393. 6. righteous conduct IX 202, XIX/XXI 111, C V I 4 5 , 1X213, XVII 162. 7. pers. maladministration of the law IV 175, C IV 169; pi in phr. Foluyles ~ by melon, the rule of violence XIX/XXI 247. 8. civil (sc. Roman) or canon law XV 243, A VIII 14; canon law C XIII 83, XVII 283; ageyn pe ~ without licence XV 530, C XVII 280. 8. the moral law proper to a rational being I 161, VII 195, A VIII 173, C I 157, XI 97, XVII 136; coll.pl XI 166, XV 411; natural justice XIX/XXI 468; distinction between right and wrong IX 80; a natural principle XX/XXII 266. 9. the Christian dispensation X 358, C VII 260; goddes ~ XV 93; cristes- C XVII 251; -oflif XIX/XXI 45; Judaism XIX/XXI 112, A XI 298, C X 196; olde ~ the first dispensation XI 205, C XII 113; olde ~ and newe ~ fig. XIX/XXI 310. 10. religious doctrine, teaching XII 34, 287, A X 132, 206, C X 191, XVII 130; pi. XVIII 107, C XX 110; fig. XIX/XXI 334. 11. commandment X 360, XI 229, XVII 10, C XII 120; pi XVII 17, XIX/XXI 33, A VI 94, C IX 341; moral injunction, precept X 40, A X 180, C X 219; point of doctrine XII 213. [OE lagu] laweful adj. equitable XI 145; righteous XV 308. [cp. OI logfullr] lawieres n. advocates, lawyers VII 60, A VIII 61. [MEfr.n.] Ia3ar n. 1. Lazarus (John 11) XV 593, XVIII 267, C XVII 302. 2. a leprous beggar (Luke 16.20), XVI 255, C VIII 278; pi lepers C XVIII 141. leaute(e), leute, lewte(e), lewetee n. 1. respect for law expressed in conduct Pr 122; fig. coll. law-abiding persons Pr 126, C Pr 150. 2. absolute justice C VI

113

lede(n) - legistres

Glossary

224; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 112, C Pr 139, III 129, XVIII 3; fig. pr.subj.pl. accompany C XII 95. 4. govern, rule Pr 126, IV 148, A IV 147, C Pr 150; pr.t.2sg. C IV 12; pp. IX 16; pr.t.Ssg. controls III 158, IX 59, A III 148, CIII 196; ~ forj) preside over X 20, A XI 20. 5. conduct pr.t.pl. IX 193, C XVI 18, XVIII 77; pa.t.2sg. VII 195, A VIII 173; pi. C IX 341. 6. carry II 182, A II 143, C II 195; pr.t.Ssg. C XIII 56; pr.subj.sg. XIV 307, C XVI 142; haul IV 147, A IV 130, C IV 144; pr.t.lsg. transmit, transfer C VI 246; pa.t.lsg. V248. [OElzdan] ledene n. 1. beseeching cry XII 255. 2. cry or song of a bird XII 246, 264, C XIII 172. [OE laden] ledere, ledare n. 1. chief, head 1159, C I 155; Jig. of the soul as principally manifesting the imago del A X 46; ruler XIX/XXI 100, C XV 169; chairman, president X312, A XI 212; pi. C V 158; guide C XVI 158; pi XII 96. 2. pi guardians, custodians C VIII 250. [OE Ididere] ledes see LEODE. ledynge ger. guidance, direction II 43, A II 25, CII46. leed,led«. the metal lead V591, A VI 78, C VII 238. [OElead] leef, lef, leue «.(!) 1. leaf (of a plant or tree) I 156, C I 152; by synec. foliage XV 102, C XVI 255; pi XII 231, C XVI 249; fig. V 140, XVI 6, C XVIII 48; a trifle C V 97. 2. leaf (of a book), page III 341, C III 492; pi V 268; page of text V 201, A V 1 1 7 , C VI 209. 3. detail A VII 238; item VII 181, XIII 96, A VIII 159, C XV 103. [OE leafi leef, leue w.(2) beloved one, darling II 33; pleasure C IX 146. [OE leaf] leef, lef adj. 1. beloved IV 39, C VI 171; in address dear V 556, A VI 43, C II 18; super!, dearest III 6, A III 6, C III 6; most desirable I 151; most precious XVII 284, A I 136; most valued C V 85. 2. pleasant, agreeable I 37, IX 59, A I 35, C I 35. 3. well-disposed XI 209, C XII 117. 4. eager XIII 322, XX/XXII 195, C VI 116. 4. comp. dearer, more cherished V 38, C XX 454; w. forms of han/haue ~ prefer, have rather, would rather V 142, C VII 22; w. dat. is/were ~ is/would be preferable (to) V 154, X 11,

A XI 11, CVI129. [OEleaf] leef, lef, leue adv. readily, eagerly XIII 349, C VI 183; w. impers. v. ~ likej) at ... pleasure/will Pr 163, A IV 131, C III 18; comp. more dearly 1143, A VI 50; superl. V 563, C I 142; comp. more eagerly, earnestly XV 195. [as adj.] leek, lek n. leek V 81, A V 64. [OE lee] leere, lere, lire n. countenance 13, A I 3, C I 3 . [OE blear] leest(e) see LYTEL. left, lift, luft adj. left III 73, A III 55, C III 75; back, verso (of a manuscript leaf) III 341, C III 493; impl bad luck ~ half/hand II 5, V 578, A VI 65, C II 5; as n. agent of misfortune IV 62. [OE

*iyft]

legtt. leg VI 122, A VII 114, C IX 216; pi. XVIII 73, A XII 78, C VIII 129. [cp. 01 leggr] legates, legatus n. pi. papal emissaries XIII421, C VII 81. [AF] legende n. in phr. ~ of lif Book of Life (Rev. 20.12) X 381, A XI 262, C XI 204; for legenda C XVII 157. [L or CF] legge v.(l) assert, advance as a charge XI 96. [cp. AF alleger] legge(n), leyen, lege v.(2) 1. lay, place, put XVIII 34, C XX 33; pa.t.Ssg. V 352, XVII 73, C VI 410; pi. XII 120, C XIV 63; pp. XV 593, C XII 184; pr.t.Ssg. is setting V 348, XVI 44, C VI 406; arrange XI 348, C XIII 159; pa.t.Ssg. A V 196; pa.t.Ssg. ~ his eighen togidres closed his eyelids XVIII 59, C XX 59; pr.t.pl. ~ ere listen C XVI 145; pa.t.pl ~ fautes vpon reproached X 106; pa.t.pl. ~ aliry contorted, twisted VI 122, A VII 114, C VIII 129; intr. pr.t.Bsg. lays eggs XI 348. 2. put down as security V 241, XX/XXII 13; pa.t.pl C V 7 3 ; pawn C VIII 291; wager II 34, XVIII 158, A VII 252, C XX 161; pr.t.3sg. XVIII 31, C XX 30; pp. Ill 202, A III 189, C III 259; imp.sg. put down as equivalent of value XI 171, C XII 93. 3. pa.t.Ssg. ~ on belaboured XX/XXII 189; fig. imp.sg. XIII 146, C XV 146; intr. beat, paddle (as in laundering) XV 191; pa.t.Ssg. attacked XX/XXII 114. [OE lecgan] legion, legioun n. host, multitude XX/XX 87; pi I 111, A I 109. [AF] legistres n. pi. legists, doctors of civil and

114

legistres - lengbe

Glossary

XVIII 124, C XX 140. [OE leoma] lemman n. 1. mistress V 410, XX/XXII 152, C VII 26; pi. concubines III 151, A III 140, C XVI 279; pi. lovers XX/XXII 104. 2. fig. sweetheart IX 6, A X 6, CX133; beloved one II 21, XIII 139, A X 46, C II 20. [ME fr. leof + man] lene, leene adj. lean Pr 123, VIII 120, A IX 110, C VIII 278; hollow, shrunken V 82, A V 65; scanty C VIII 262. [OE blane lened(e) v.(l) 1. pa.t.lsg. rested Pr 9, A Pr9, C P r 8 ; re/7. A IX 56; paused and rested VIII 65. 2. leaned (for support), relied XVI 246. [OE hleonian] lenede v.(2) pa.t.lsg. in phr. ~ me to came to arrived at XVIII 5, C XX 5. [OE lendan: form here influenced by lenen] lene(n) v.(3) 1. give VI 17, XVII 351, C IV 191, XIX 40, 331; pr.t.Ssg. VII 77, IX 108, XX/XXII 229, A XI 49; pi. Pr 77, APr74, C Pr 75; pa.t.3sg. X 63, C XI 45, XVII 155; imp.sg. C VIII 285; pp. XIV 39, C XV 238; abs. give alms IX 204, XIII 298 , A XI 152, C X 303; pr.t.3sg. XI 180, XV 170, C XII 108; pr.subj.pl. I 181, XI 179, A I 155, C X 92, XII 117; imp.sg. VI 221, A III 223, C VIII 230; of the deity: pr.subj.sg. grant Pr 126, V 261, X 411, C Pr 150, XI 242; pp. bestowed XIV 39, C XV 238. 2. lend V241; pa.t.lsg. C VI 244; 3sg. C VIII 246; pp. V244; pa. t. 3sg. fig. V 295; intr. lend money, make loans XV 155, C VI 243; pr.t.lsg. V 247, C VI 245; 3sg. C XVI 132; pa.t.lsg. XIII 388, C VI 277; 2sg. V 250, C VI 248; 3sg. XIII 359, C XVI 314; pp. V 251. [OE leenan] lenge v. 1. pr.t.pl. remain, continue X 302, A XI 208. 2. tarry, stay I 209, A I 183; pr.t.pl. XIX/XXI 418; pa.t.3sg. was living VIII 7, A IX 7, C X 7. [OE lengan] lengbe, lenthe, lenghe n. length XVI 182, XVII 61, C XVIII 20, XIX 60; reach XIV 242, C XVI 82; in ~ and in brede from one end to the other II 89, A III 190, C II 96; ~ of a mile as the time it takes to walk a mile XV 187, C XIII 39. [OE lengh, lengu] lengbe, lenghe v. prolong, lengthen XVIII

canon law VII 14, A VIII 61. [AF] legityme adj. as n. person born in wedlock CX211. [AFlegitime] leye, lye n. flame XVII 217, C XIX 183; light XVII 210, C XIX 176; fig. XVII 280, C XIX 261. [OEleg] leye, lei adj. fallow, untilled CX217, 272. [*M ley(en) see LEGGEN, LIGGE. leyes n. untilled fields VII 5, A VIII 5, C 1X5. [OEleah] leighe see LYEN. leiaunce n. allegiance, feudal obligations C XVIII 200. [AF lijance, legeaunce] leksedn. leek seed C XII 191. [ME] lel(e), leel(e) adj. 1. legal, lawful XX/XXII 138, C X 291; just C XII 89, XX 307. 2. upright, righteous X 439, XI 241, XIII 287, A XI 182, C VIII 74, IX 14, XVI 24; superl. XIII 294; virtuous C VII 251; as n. the righteous XVII 47, C XIII 69; beneficial C V 103. 3. truthful, candid XI 69, C VII 197, 238; in phr. ~ cause a basis of truth C XVII 131. 4. trustworthy, reliable, XI 167, 219, C III 348, VIII 140, XI 293, XIX 28; superl. XVII 27; honest XIV 313, C Pr 147, VIII 260; genuine C VIII 294. 5. loyal XIX/XXI 60; as coll. n. loyal subjects C III 317. 6. excellent C XIX 186; in phr. ~ bileue (belief in) the true faith X 355, A XI 238, C XII 87; faith expressed in righteous conduct XIV 46, C XV 244, XVII 127; ~ lawe religion based on truth XV 582; ~ loue the charity enjoined by the Great Commandment XI 162, XV 34, C Pr 88, XV 136; as adv. in phr. ~ lyuynge of righteous life XII 62, C III 339. [AF] lelly, leelly, lely, lelelyche adv. in lawful conformity VII 182, A VIII 160, C IX 328; in accordance w. the Great Commandment I 181, X 192, A I 155, C I 177, VII 208; fig. C XIX 194; righteously, in righteousness XIX/XXI 232, C IX 59, XVI 359; justly C III 310; sincerely, wholeheartedly VII 128, XIII 149, XV 554, A XI 144, C XVII 133; as truthful C II 78; honestly XIX/ XXI 384, C VIII 254; guilelessly C XI 265; confidently X 124, XV 155; faithfully I 78, III 30, A X 13, CIII 31; correctly C VIII 297, XVII 117. [fr. adj.] leme, leem n. radiance, dazzling light 115

lengpe - lesyng(e)

Glossary

53, C XX 53; pp. XVIII 303, C XX 335. [OE lengpu, lengari] lente(n), lenton n. season of Lent, the penitential forty days before Easter Pr 91, V410, XVIII 5, CPr89; pi. C XIII 81; by melon, restoration of faith and hope by the impending commemoration of the act of redemption XVIII 5, C XVIII 5. [OE lencten] lentesedes n. pi. seeds sown in spring C XII 191. [ME] lentestow see LENEN. leode«. man 1141, III 32, XVIII 356, A III 31, C III 282, X 177; pi. V 176; people XV 119, XVIII 401, C XI 71, XX 444; serfs, servile tenants X 87, XV 558, C XI 67, XVII 221; fig. of the Trinity princes XVI 181; lige ~ feudal retainers IV 184, A IV 147, C IV 178. [OE lead] leopard «. leopard XV 298; pi. XV 277. [AF leopart] leoun see LYOUN. lepe(n) v. spring, leap XII 140, C XIV 85; pr.t.Bsg. C II 191; pa.t.Bsg. V 494, XX/XXII 152, C VII 134; pi. I 117, C I 113; hop V 196, A V 112, C VI 204; digress, stray XI 318; move freely, w. ease XIX/XXI 125; pa.t.Bsg. hastened II 69, 218, A II 177, CII71; pa.t.pl. IV 153; travel swiftly V 475, 569, A V 249, C VII 216; pp. A Pr 94; pa.subj.sg. ~ awey escaped, got off IV 106, A IV 93, CIV 101; pa.t.pl. ~ forp came into view Pr 223; ~ in penetrate C XX 286; ~ out go abroad II 234, A II 93, C II 244. [OE hleapan w. forms from ODan hlaupa] leperis n.pl in phr. ~ aboute vagrants C IX 107; ~ ouer lond roving friars licensed to hear confession A XI 203. [OE hlUapere.] lere(n) v. teach XI 170, 422, A VI 94, C 1204, VII 104; pr.t.lsg. 1X76; 2sg. A IV 12; 3sg. Ill 126, X 199, A VIII 111, C XI 130, XIV 122; pi. V 44, A VIII 14, C IX 327, XI 234; pa.t.l.sg A XI 128; 3sg. I 151, C VI 349; imp.sg. VI 254, A VII 238, C VIII 221; reft. XIII 142; imp.pl. I 136, A I 125; pp. A X 103, C XI 125; pr.t.lsg. counsel, advise III 69, A III 60; pi. C IV 118; imp.sg. proclaim I 146, A I 134; pr.t.Bsg. guides, directs XII 104, C III 213; pp. as

adj. instructed XIII 213; learned, educated XIII 444, C IV 118, VII 104; ecclesiastical C XVI 283; as coll. n. the literate (sc. Latinate) class, clerics III 38, IV 12, A II 45, C Pr 88, VI 116. 2. learn AV123, 1X103, C VI 215, XXII 207; pa.t.Bsg. A I 109; pp. C X 10. [OE Leran] leryngger. guidance, direction 1X16, A I 173, CX173. [OEltering] lerne v. learn V 207, A VII 256, C VIII 293, XI 75; pr.tpl. XVII 49, XX/XXII 250, C XIX 47; pa.t.lsg. V 201, A V 117, C V43; 2sg. I 141, C I 140; 3sg. I 111, C XIV 107; pr.subj.pl XI 229, C XII 120; imp.sg. XX/XXII 208, C XI 132; pp. VIII 10, A IX 10; learn about X 237; pp. heard tell A X 103; abs. learn, acquire knowledge, skill X 163, A XI 115, CI145, VII 192; trans, study VIII 66, XX/XXII 274, A IX 57; abs. V 439, A XI 133, C V 155. 2. pr.t.2sg. teach IV 12; 3sg. X 379; pa.t.lsg. X 176, A XI 136, C X I 116; 3sg. V 294; ~ on boke taught to read VII 137. 4. proclaim C XX 338. [OE leornian] lernyng(e) ger. 1. instruction, teaching I 199, XV 473. 2. information, learning XI 152. [OEleornung] lese v. glean VI 66, C VIII 67. [OE lesan] lese(n) v. 1. suffer loss of, lose III 136, 159, A VI 102, C III 37; pr.t.2sg. C IX 268; pa.t.pl. C Pr 108, IX 182; pp. XVIII 79, C Pr 112, III 197; of a bad debt XIII 388, C VI 277; abs. pa.t.Bsg. suffered loss C XVI 314; pp. C V 95. 2. be deprived of XII 40, XVIII 109, C III 467; pr.t.lsg. IV 175, C IV 169; pa.t. 3 sg. VII 164, A VIII 142; pi. XX/XXII 87; pa.t.3sg. ceased to have C XIII 152; ~si3t was in eclipse V 491, C VII 131; give up, sacrifice C X 193; pa.t.Bsg. C X 196; forfeit II 35, V 616, A X 102, C III 467, VI 314; pat.pl. XII 120, C XX 345; pp. VIII 36, XVIII 311, A IX 32, C XX 349. 3. pr.t.pl bring to perdition XII 54; pp. damned II 101, C XX 268. 4. pr.t.Bsg. wastes C X 177 ; pi. XV 128, C XVI 274; pp. wasted, to no avail P r l S l , C XII 95; in vain X 277. 5. pp. destroyed V 100, A V 80, C XI 251; ban ~ are the losers XVIII 102, C XX 105. [OEleosan] lesyng(e) ger.(1) financial loss V 113, A V 93. [fr. prec.]

116

lesyng(e) - lettyng

Glossary

C VIII 86; ~ god doon his wille submit to God's will XI 38, C XI 304; ~ be stop, leave off IV 180, C XV 93. 5. in cans, uses: pa.t.Ssg. I 167, XX/XXII 143, A I 141, II 123, C I 163; pi II 159, C II 175; imp.sg. II 175, VI 224, A IV 19, C II 193, 215; pi XV 564, C XVII 227; -go pass round V 336, A V 185, C VI 394; pa.t.Ssg. ~ go rome dismissed, sent packing XI 114, C XII 49. 6. hortatory imp. V 52, VII 88. 7. imp. w. in/in, in hypothesis suppose that one/you VIII 29, XI 427, A IX 25, C X 262. 8. pr.t.Ssg. reckons, considers XV 173; pi. X 321, 586, C V 167, XI 76; pa.t.lsg. XIII 362, C VI 243; Ssg. XX/XXII 146; pi Pr 181, XV 5, C Pr 198; ~ wel by think highly of V 616, A VI 102, C VII 268; pr.t.Ssg. ~ best bi values the highest X 190, A XI 142; pa.t.Ssg. ~ Ii3t of thought little of IV 161, A IV 137, C IV 156; was contemptuous off VI 168, A VII 153, C VIII 165; pp. ~ by valued, esteemed X 37, A XI 29, C III 205, V 3; respected C V S . [OEletan] lejjeren, letherne adj. (made of) leather V 191, A V 110, C VI 199. [OE] letyse n. woman's name, Leticia C VI 145. lettev. 1. prevent XI 137, C XV 165, XX 334; pr.t.Ssg. X 271, XVI 46, C XVII 226; pi C XIV 177; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 321. 2. restrain, check V 295, XX/XXII 173, C XIII 10; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 83, C XVIII 114; pp. XIX/XXI 382. 3. hinder, impede X 294, XVI 270, C XIII 39, XVIII 286; pr.Usg. XV 66, C II 38; pi C XV 180; pa.t.Ssg. C III 239. 4. of law, justice: obstruct, subvert X 20, A XI 20, C X I 17, XIII 91; pr.t.3sg. IV 176, A III 146, C III 451; pi C IV 170; fig. Ill 156, A III 146, CIII 194; abs. pr.t.pl. are a hindrance CX161. 5. delay XVIII 53, C XX 53; pp. C XIII 37; intr. IX 134, A X 165, C I 203. 6. keep back (from advancement) III 32, A III 31, C III 35. 7. keep out I 158, C I 154, XX 283. 8. put an end to X 78, C XV 219; pa.t.lsg. Ill 198. [OElettan] lettere n. opponent, obstructer I 69, A I 67, C I 6 5 . [ME] lettyng ger.(\} relinquishment C XVII 124. [leten] lettyng ger. (2) delay VI 7, X 225, A VII

lesyng(e) ger.(I) lie XVIII 314, C XX 445; pi. X 169, A XI 121, C XX 345; fig. V 139, XVI 44, C XVIII 44; falsehood XIII 96, C XX 357; pi. X 22; XV 602, C XVII 310; pi. dishonest acts II 125, X 421, A II 89, C II 141. 2. comic fiction IV 19; pi. V 407, C VII 22. [cp. OE leasung] lesse see LITEL. lesson, lessoun n. I . of instruction received lesson V 202, VI 276, A V 125, C VI 241; of instruction delivered X 37; pi. X 93; instructive instance XI 158, C XII 90. 2. difficult text or subject XI 222, XVII 42; maxim C III 490. [AF] lest see LIST. lest, laste conj. 1. so that... not, lest V 46, XII 125, A VII 136, 256, C V 144. 2. for fear that X 419, XII 7, C XVI 229, XX 334; that Pr 99, XIII 426, C Pr 127. [OE f>y Its }>e] leste see LITEL; let see LEDEN. lete(n), leete, laton, late v. 1. leave behind XVIII 406; pr.t.Ssg. leaves, lets XX/XX1I 360; pa.t.3sg. VI 112, XX 102, A VII 104, C VIII 119; imp.sg. XI 428. 2. relinquish, give up X400, C XX 386; pr.t.lsg. C VI 101; 3sg. C II 108; pi CXI 22; forsake V 226, XI 23, A V 142, CXI 182; abandon VI 271, A VII 255, C III 242, VIII 292; pa.t.3sg. C XVII 168; ellip. leave off, cease from effort V 457, A V 229, C VI 311; pr.t.pl. desist (from misconduct) XVII 312, C XIX 292. 3. release, give leave to depart IV 191, A IV 154. 4. permit XVIII 56, C X 201; pa.t.Ssg. XVI 259, C XVIII 275; pi XVIII 406, C XX 449; pr.subj.sg. Pr 155, C Pr 175; imp.sg. II 51, A II 163, C V 1 5 7 , 184, XX 461; pi V 35, XVIII 418; pr.t.lsg. ~ go leave unchecked C III 137; pr.t.Ssg. ellip. ~ falle drops C XIX 147; imp.sg. w. active inf. ~ se XVII 10, C XIX 11; pr.subj.sg. grant C XVII 117; pr.t.Ssg. ~ out releases I 202, A I 176; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 250, C XX 259; pr.t.lsg. ~ passe ignore V 409; 3sg. enables to escape III 137, A III 126, C III 175; imp.sg. ~ worpe leave in peace Pr 187, C Pr 204; tolerate, suffer II 48, C II 51; pr.t. 3 sg. leaves to (their own) devices C X 164; imp.sg. ~ god yworpe let God's ways take their course VI 82, 226, A VII 74,

117

lettyng - leue(n)

Glossary

3sg. C XV 223; pi. XII 277, C II 105; pa.t.pl. I 118; pr.subj.pl. C XIX 94; accept as truth XVIII 251, C XX 260; imp.sg. A XI 144, C XI 145. 2. believe, trust (sbody) V 44, A V 36, C V 142; pr.t.3sg. XIV 35, C III 489; pa.t. pi. Pr 72, A Pr 69, C Pr 70; pr.subj.pl. XIII 307, CVI55; imp.sg. 138, V 176, A I 36, C I 194; pi. Ill 175, A III 162, C V 3. 3. pr.t.lsg. rely VI 90, A VII 82, C VIII 99, XIX 24; pa.t.pl. believed a statement or document XVIII 313. 4. believe, accept, hold (as a matter of faith or confident opinion) XVIII 56, A V 112, CXIX 103; pr.t.lsg. V 196, VII 182, X 383, 444, A VIII 160, C Pr 103, III 328; 2sg. XVIII 189, CXX 194; 3sg. II 101, V 276, XII 288, C VI 301; pa.t.lsg. XIII 388, CXX 335; 3sg. XX/XXII 173, CV187; imp.sg. V 294, CI118, XVIII 58; pi. CII78, 1X174; intr.pr.t.lsg. Pr 34, IV 175, C Pr 17, VIII 297 ; pr.t.lsg. ~ on believe on the authority of X 383, A XI 264, CXI 208. 5. pr.t.lsg. expect confidently C XX 307; 3sg. X 363, C XIII 60. [OElefan] leue v.(2) pr.subj.sg. grant V 512, A V 254, C VII 157, XVII 40. [OElefan] leued pp. in leaf, bearing leaves XV 97, C XVI 250. [ME] leuel(e), lyuel n. in phr. ~ and lyne/lyne and ~ T square w. plumbline X 184, A XI 136, CXI 124. [AFlivet] leue(n), lyue v.(3) 1. stop, desist (from) VII 155, A III 185; imp.pl. Ill 69, A III 60, C III 73; give up XV 103, C XVI 258; stop wearing V 26, A V 26, C V 128; abs. cease, refrain C XVI 176. 2. abandon, desert I 103, X 101, A I 101, C I 95; pr.Usg. C XVI 197; 3sg. XIV 264, C XVI 104; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 40 ; pi. IV 153, XX/XXII 251, C IX 210; pr.subj.pl. XX/XXII 250; imp.sg. V 284, XX/XXII 208, C VI 340; ~ byhynde desert C XV 7; relinquish III 207, A III 194, C XII 215. 3. pa.t.3sg. departed from, left II 52, C II 55; pa.t.3sg. left in care C XIX 75. 4. leave behind C X X 449; pr.t.pl. XV 137, C XVI 282; pa.t. Isg. XVI 126, C XVIII 154; 3sg. C XXII 102. 5. pr.t.2sg. bequeath V 263, C VI 254; pa.t.3sg. Pr 102, C Pr 130; pi XV 323. 6. put by, keep back (as seed corn) XV 366, C XVII 103. 7. imp.

7, C VIII 5. [OElettynge] lettrerc. 1. letter (of the alphabet) VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285. 2. written communication, letter VII 23, A VIII 25, C XI 265; pi. II 226, A II 185, IV 115, C IV 129. 3. official document XVII 9, C XIII 41; pi. C IV 189; letter of recommendation XX/XXII 325; deed C II 86, 210; charter XI 304, C XIII 118; warranty X 92; pi. writ XVII 4, XIX/ XXI 307, C IX 280, XIX 6; pi. bisshopes ~ pardoner's authorization to confer indulgences V 640, VII 176, A VIII 154, C IX 321; prouinciales ~ letters of indulgence VII 197, A VIII 175, 1X343; lumbardes ~ international bankers' drafts V 248, C VI 246. 4. scriptural or sacred text XI 205, C XII 113; holy ~ Holy Writ CXV73. 5. legend on a coin 149, A I 47. [AF] lettred, lettered, letrede, ylettred adj. literate in Latin, educated VII 137, XI 83, XV 477, A VIII 45, C XI 74; learned XIV 319, XIX/XXI 85; -man learned divine C XVI 153; pi. VII 181, A VIII 159, C IX 327; ~ lordes eminent clergy, prelates III 97, A III 86, C III 125; as n. (the) clergy, clerics I 136, XV 103, A I 125, C I 135; hyeste ~ most deeply learned XII 144. [fr. n.] lettrure, letrure, letterure n. education, the knowledge acquired from books XII 104, C XIV 127; learning C IX 199, XV 180; erudition Pr 110, C Pr 137, XI 97; holy ~ Holy Writ X 27, C XI 24; written source or authority X 383, A XI 264, CXI 208. [AF] leute see LEAUTE. leue, leeue n. permission V 383, VI 66, A Pr 94, C VI 440; ayeins ... ~ without... permission XVIII 267; 03eyne loue and ~ in hostile defiance C XX 314, 381; approval III 15, XVI 47, A III 15, C III 16, 132, XII 63; right, sanction XII 114, C XIV 59; authorization XX/XXII 325, C VI 121; connivance II 114, C II 118; leave of absence Pr 85, A Pr 82, C Pr 83; liberty, licence Pr49, APr49, C Pr 50; freedom II 234, A II 193, C II 244; biyoure~ if I may say so III 231, A III 218. [OEleaft leue v.(l) 1. w. in, on, vpon have credence, believe in XVII 27, 46, C I 75, XVII 124; pr.t.lsg. XIII 337, C VI 81; 118

leue(n) - lif

Glossary

276, VII 60, A VIII 61, C XIX 227; ~ on yow am mistaken in what I assert XV 83. 3. tell tall tales Pr 49, XIII 228, A Pr 49, C Pr 50, XV 202. 4. delude (sbody) w. lies XVI 176, C XVIII 184; pr.t.Ssg. I 69, A I 67; cheat (in professions or business) V 132, 201, A V 117, C VI 98; live a sham XI 224. 5. pr.t.Ssg. ~ ayein opposes w. lies III 156, CIII 194. 6. slander XV 172, C XIV 6; pr.t.pl. X 208; pr.t. pi ~ on slander X 203, A XI 152; pr.t.pl. ridicule X 43; make ridiculous X 40. 7. pr.t.Ssg. boasts XVIII 31, C XX 30; pa.t.lsg. ~ o/on boasted about C VI 52. [OE leogan] Here 77. 1. liar 138, XIII 287, A I 36, C V 187; pi C XX 352; pers. II 43, A l l 143, C II 71, XX 356. 2. slanderer XIX/XXI 292. 3. coll.pl. the dishonest C XIX 45; charlatans VI 273, A VII 257; shamming beggars C VIII 286; cheats 1X121, A X 210, C X 295; story tellers XIII 422, C VII 82. [OE leogere] lieutenant n. deputy XVI 47. [AF] lif n. 1. animate physical existence, life III 136, XIV 39, A III 184, IV 59 , C II 36, 108, XX 386(2,4) ; vs lobeb l>e ~ we wish we were dead Pr 155, C Pr 175. 2. time or span of life Pr 49, XIV 60, A I 76, C I 25, VIII 110; this present life on earth X 125, 355, A XI 78, C VI 313, IX 174; by ... ~ all ... days VI 101, C XI 72; during ... time on earth XI 135, XIII 451, C VII 111; life as a sinful creature I 204, C I 199. 3. life eternal 1X29, X381, A X 30, CX155; by meton. the soul I 204, C X 55; pers. IX 55, A X 43, C X 173; divine grace to be fulfilled in the redemption XVIII 31, XIX/XXI 45, CXX67, 105; the deity as the principle of life XVIII 56, C XX 56. 4. state of life VI 249, XI 257, XIV 320, A VII 233, C XIII 99, XVI 155; pi C XIII 30, XVIII 81; manner, sort of life V 365, X238, A V 2 0 8 , C II 105, V 31, 41; pi. C X 126, XIII 30; career III 240; conduct Pr 120, III 166, IX 191, A III 153, CPr88, X291, XVII 126; pers. sinful attachment to worldly values XX/XXII 152. 5. person Pr 122, III 294, A III 269, C I 116, VI 67; a living person C XX 386(1,3); creature, living thing XIII 17, C VII 50; pi. C VI 424;

sg. pass by V 578, A XI 119, C VII 225. 8. pa.t.lsg. remained, stayed III 197, A III 184; pr.subj.pl. lyue(2) IV 195. [QEltfan] leuynges, lyuynge ger. leftovers, remains V356, C VI 414. leuite n. 1. deacon C II 133. 2. pi. members of the tribe of Levi XII 113, 118, C XIV 58. [L] lewed adj. 1. not literate, uneducated Pr 72, 129, A I 173, X 103, C I 194, VI 23; lay XI 96, C XVII 88; as n. XII 173, 180 C XIV 120; layman XX 68; coll. pi. lay folk X 254, C XV 14; be ~ VII 14, C XIV 55; colloc. w. clerk/ lered/lettred the laity; lay brothers XX/ XXII 266; not of the tribe of Levi XII 114, C XIV 59. 2. of clerics poorly trained, imperfectly literate III 149, XI 318, XIX/XXI 409, A III 138, C XIII 116, XIV 20, 123; as n. XII 186, C XIV 125. 3. ignorant, doltish VII 142, X 467, A VIII 124. 4. without skill XII 163, C XIV 107. 5. foolish, misguided XV 83, 322, C XVII 56. 6. useless, futile I 189, A XI 141, C I 185; sham C V4. [OElawede] lewednesse, lewidnesse, lewedenesse n. lack of education, ignorance, incapacity III 32, A III 31, CIII 35. [ME] lewte see LEAUTE. lyard n. mule's name XVII 67, C XIX 78 [AF Hart adj. 'dapple grey'] libbe(n), libbeb, libbynge see LYUE(N). liberal adj. selflessly generous XV 150. [AF] licence n. formal permission Pr 85, A Pr 82, CVI 121. [AF] lich see LIK. liche, lich n. body X 2, A XI 2. [OE lie] lycour n. in phr. ~ swete sweet and juicy, succulent C XII 220. [AF licor] lye(n), Iei3e v. 1. tell a falsehood, lie III 180, A III 167, CII39; pr.t.lsg. XV 80, C XVI 239, XIX 231; pr.t.2sg. V 163, C VI 138; 3sg. XX/XXII 238, C I 65; pi. XV 289; pa.t.Ssg. 1118, C II 32; pr.subj.sg. A VIII 61, C VI 55; pi. falsify text X 337, A XI 225; w. cogn. obj. pa.t.2sg. XVIII 402, C XX 348, 445. 2. pr.t.Ssg. teaches falsehood III 251, VI 231, A III 230, C VIII 237, XVII 27; pa.t.3sg. A X 120; pr.subj.sg. VII 129, A VIII 111; err, am mistaken V

119

lif-

h Glossary

colloc. w. soule body XII 188, XVII 27, C XVII 22. 6. life story, biography XV 269, CVll 31; pi. V 416. [OE lift lifdayes n. day, time I 27, A I 27; lifetime III 151, CIII 189. [OElifdeg] lifholy adj. righteous, virtuous XV 206, 308, C XIV 188; superl. C X 50; devout C IX 196, XI 2; as coll. n. righteous men CIV 175. [ME] lifholynesse n. righteousness XIX/XXI 111, CV80. [ME] lifloderc. 1. food and drink Pr30, VI 289, A VII 218, C IV 115, V 42; fig. XIV 38, XV 184, A VIII 110, C XV 237; sustenance I 37, A I 35, C I 35; necessities of life V457, VI 17, VII 128, A VII 16, C IX 198. 2. means of livelihood XI 300, by melon, benefice C III 467; expenses, keep XVII 79, C XVII 36. 3. fig. way of life, conduct V 87, CVI68. [OE lifted] lift see LEFT. lifte n. sky, firmament XV 358, C XVII 96. [OElyft] liften v. raise, lift V 352, XII 120, C VI 410; pa.t.Ssg. ~ vp raised from the dead XV 593, C XVII 302. [cp.Ollypta] liftyng, luftynge ger. raising, lifting V 353, C VI 411. lige, le(e)ge adj. bound by feudal allegiance IV 184, A IV 147, C III 415; as n. vassal, liegeman C III 317; pi. XVIII 349, C XX 395. [AF] tygge adj. long in the stalk, rank C XII 232. [?] ligge v. lie XI 428, C VII 26, IX 143; pr.t.lsg. V410; 3sg. XII 258; pa.t.lsg. Pr 9, XVI 20, A Pr 9, C Pr 8; 3sg. V 63, XVI 255, A V 46, C XVIII 143; prp. II 52, CII55; pp. V81, XVI 113, A V 64; w. sexual sense ~ by/togideres pr.t.Ssg. IV 59, A IV 46, C IV 62; pa.t.lsg. C V l l 92; Ssg. 130, A I 30, C I 28; fig. pr.t.pl. II 136, A II 100, C III 171; pp. Ill 38, V476, A V 250, CIII 40, VI 330. 2. pr.t.pl. are lodged Pr91, XIX/XXI 418, C Pr 89; are housed, sheltered VI 15, A VII 14. 3. remain XX/XII 360; pr.t.Ssg. XII 180, C XIV 120; pi. C X 272; ~ beroute stay outdoors C V 16; pr.t.Ssg. lies idle VI 163; pr.subj.sg. C VIII 160. 4. pr.t.Ssg. is situated, lies I 126, III 176, X 282, A I 115, X 118, C Pr 137, XIX 183;

pa.t.3sg. XVIII 124, C XX 127; was kept V 219, A V 135, C VI 227; was hidden C VI 261; pr.subj.sg. V 432, C VII 45; pr.t.Ssg. is contained X 189, A XI 141; pa.t.Ssg. VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285; pr.t.Ssg. is sown C XIII 23. 5. lie helpless XVI 268, C XVIII 284; pr.t.Ssg. XII 180; pi. XV 183, C IV 122; pp. X425, XIX/XXI 55, A XI 284. 6. pr.t.Ssg. extends X321, C V 167. 7. pr.subj.sg. ~ on fig. attack, apply force to XVII 228. 8. pr.t.Ssg. applies, is relevant C V 89. 9. ~ lowe be destroyed C XIX 10. 10. -in depends on IV 73, AIV 59, C XX 428. [OE licgan] light, liht, Iy3th n. 1. light I 189, V 492, XVIII 245, A I 163, C VII 132, XX 286; brightness XVII 217, C XIX 183; radiance V 494, XVIII 124, C VII 134, XX 127; pers. as Christ XVIII 316, C XX 359; radiant beauty I 112; fig. (the) presence of God XVIII 326, A XII 96; divine grace 1X29, XVIII 59, 241, A X 30, CXX59, 283, 306; guidance XVI 189. 2. fig. of human life XVII 284, C XIX 265; of the tongues of fire at Pentecost XIX/XXI 205. 3. by synec. vision, power of sight XIX/XXI 125. [OE Bht, leoht] liyt adj. lively, pleasant XV 218; comp. swifter of motion 1156, C I 152; more carefree XIV 307, C XVI 142; easy C XIX 43; comp. XIV 248, XVII 42, C XVI 88. [OE leoht] h*3t(e), lihte adv. in phr. (a)counten ~ make light of XI 16, C XI 175; leet ~ thought little/nothing of IV 161, VI 168, A IV 137, C VIII 165; sette ~ by ridiculed XI 2, C XI 162. [fr. adj.] u*3teb v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. cheers, lifts VI13, A V 93. 2. pa.t.Ssg. descended XI 248, XIX/XXI 202; ~ adoun dismounted XVII 67, C XIX 66. [OE lihtan] Ityly adv. without difficulty, easily Pr 150, IV 106, XVIII 270, A IV 93, C Pr 171, XIV 150; readily XVII 337, C XIX 325; without hesitation C IV 168; willingly C XVI 132; swiftly II 218, A II 177, C XII 222; as these things go XV 137, C XVI 282; w. little suffering VII 11, C IX 11; thoughtlessly XIV 34; groundlessly C VII 302; comp. more swiftly V 569, A VI 56, C VII 216; more readily XII 120

Glossary -

lyne

ical pleasure, gratification 1X184, XI 21, XIII 343, C VI 176, 1X203, XI 262. 4. enjoyment, pleasure XIII 423, XIV 130, C VII 83; ~ of bodie luxurious living XIV 263, C XVI 103. 5. happiness, contentment X310. [cp. OE licung] likynge, lykynde prp. adj. 1. pleasing, acceptable XI 274, C XVIII 78. 2. affectionate, amiable C XI 131. 3. physically gratifying C X 285; superl. most exciting C VI44. likynge ger.(2) imitation, pretence XIII 287; modeling, acting out, posturing C VI 45. lykyngliche adv. luxuriously C XIX 245. [cp. OE/DciVmflDc] likkyng ger. licking XV 304. [OE liccian] likne, likene v. assess by comparison or analogy X 282; pr.t.Ssg. XII 269; pi. C XIV 190; pp. C XIV 168. 2. compare, liken C XVII 73; pa.t.pl C XIV 168; pp. XV 111, XVII 281, C XVII 83; analogous, comparable VIII 38, XVII 206, XIX/XXI 89, 111, A IX 37, C X 44. 3. pr.t.3pl. make disparaging comparisons, ? mimic X 43, C VII 23, XVI 310. [fr. adj.] liknesse n. appearance, likeness XI 187, 243, C XII 132; form XVIII 356, XIX/ XXI 202, C XX 328; shape I 114, XVIII 354, C XVII 179; image IX 67, X 371; of cristes ~ possessing the imago del XII279. [OE licness] lyme n. 1. limb in lif and ~ V 100, XIX/XXI 105, A V 80; pi. VI 124, A VII 180, C V 8, VIII 260. 2. organ, member XX/XXII 195. 3. pi. parts (of the body) XIX/XXI 8. 4. pi. followers XX/XXII 77. [OE/z'm] lymeyerd, lynêrd n. branch or stick smeared w. birdlime, fig. trap IX 184, C X285. [ME] lymytour n. friar licensed to beg in specific territory XX/XXII 346; pi. V 139. [cp. AF limiter v.] lynage n. 1. descendants 1X49, A X 37. 2. relations, family connexions XI 297, C V 26, IX 198; influential family C IX 196. [AF linage] lynde n. lime tree, linden I 156, A IX 56, C I 152. [OElinde] lynen. 1. line of text V 421; pi. VII 111, A VIII 93, C IX 285; quotation III 340,

157, XV 439, C XVII 253. [OE leohtK\ce\ lightloker see LI3TLY. lightnynge, lihtnynge ger. illuminating fire XIX/XXI 202. lyingeger. slandering XIII 322. lik(e), lich adj. 1. similar to, like III 338, VIII 39, A I 89, C I 111, VII 123 2. equal to C I 111, suitable befitting, apt for 1151, IX 6, A X 6. [ OE gelic and cp. OI likr] lik prep, in the manner of, like V 119, 191, 346, A V 98, C VI 75, IX 158; equally w., as much as XVII 133. [cp. adj.] likame, lykhame n. 1. body Pr 30, I 37, A I 36, C XV 57, XIX 239; fig. of the Eucharist C XIX 95. 2. physical life, existence C X 219, XIX 186, XX 93; my ~ myself as a person C VI 52. 3. gen. of the flesh, carnal XIII 386, XV 67, C X 55. [OE IDchama] like n. pleasure, will XX/XXII 30. [ME fr. liken v.] likerous adj. delicious, delectable X 169, A XI 121, C I 25, X 177; ~ liflode fine fare Pr 30, A Pr 30, C Pr 32; -oftunge fond of choice foods VI 266, A VII 250. [AF * likerous] likej) v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. pleases IX 193; pi. I 43, A I 41, C I 41; pa.t.Ssg. I 28, XX/XXII 156, A I 28, C VI 41; pr.subj.sg. XI 24, C XI 183. 2. impers. w. dat. pr.t.sg. it pleases, is agreeable Pr 173, VI 157, VIII 51, A III 128, 133, C Pr 190, I 22; it is (his) wish C VIII 255; pa.t.sg. Pr 149, III 182, A VIII 122, C XIX 116; pr.subj. XII 166, XIII 186, A XII 1, C III 44, XIX 331; as lawe ~ at the pleasure of the law XII 207, C XIV 146; as god ~ as God wills XIV 58, C XV 257; as be flood ~ at the whim of the current XII 167. 3. pr.Usg. likes X 98, XIII 263, C X 272; pa.t.pl Pr 72, XX/XXII 309, A Pr 69, C Pr 70; pr.t.2sg. wish C XII 163; 3sg. XV 91, C III 331, XIX 5; pi. wish to C XI 155. [OE lician] likyng ger.(I) 1. will, wish Pr 62, XII 110, 220, XV 51, 67, A Pr 59, CV 155, VI 194; fancy XI 45; inclination V 176, XI 422, C XVI 310. 2. desire, appetite 127, XVI 32, XX/XXII 71, A I 27, C II 77, XI 80, XIII 152. 3. phys-

121

lyne - lyue(n)

Glossary

C III 492; laumpe ~ words in the ritual of baptism XIII 151. 2. pi. lines for snaring birds V 348, AV196, C VI 406; colloc. w. leuel plumb-line X 184, A XI 136, CXI 124. [OElme] lynnen, lynen n. cloth made of flax, linen Pr 220, I 3, A VII 13, C I 18. [OE linen adj.] lynsed n. the flax seed, linseed C XII 191. [OE Ittnsted] lyoun, leoun n. lion XIII 301; pi. XV 277, C IX 197. [AF lioun] lippe n. shaving V 247, C VI 245; fig. small part, bit II 35, XV 502, C XI 224, XVII 253. [MDulippe] lippes n. lips Pr 214, V 83, A VII 166, 246, CVI104. [OElippa] lisse n. 1. the joy of heaven IX 29, A X 30, C X 155. 2. luxury and comfort C VI 314. 3. relief, alleviation C I 199. [OE liss] list, liste n. selvage V 208, A V 124, C VI 216; strip of cloth V517, A VI 5, C VII 162. [OE Ittste, AF liste] list, lest, lust v. 1. impers. w. dat. pr.t. wish(es), desir(es), chooses Pr 172, III 158, A Pr 37, C III 171, X 96; pa.t. I 150, XVII 142, C XV 24, XX 449; pa. subj. XVIII 414, C Pr 177. 2. pr.t. 3sg. desires, wishes C XI 74. [OE lys-tan] listnep v. pr.t.3pl. listen, give heed XIV 311; pa.t.lsg. XIV 47, C XV 248; imp.pl. XVIII 273, C XX 295. [OE hlystan, hlysnan] listres n. friars licensed to preach V 139. [AF] lite, litte adj. little C I 140, IX 208; as n. a small amount, little C VIII 262; quasi adv. a ~ somewhat XIII 267. [OE lyt adj.] litel adj. of amount', little, small, not much Pr 191, I 141, III 207, A X 102, C III 391, XI 226; of size: little IX 80, C XVII 24; of time: in adv. phr. ~ tyme/while short XVII 49, C I 107; a ~ wiht lightly C III 131; as n. II 189, X 91, A X 116, C X I 72, XIV 121; by ~ frugally XV 423; ~ to doon/ado no business X 317, C V 163; comp. lasse, lesse of amount: smaller III 202, A III 189, CIII 259; less X 87, XIV 248, C III 137, XIII 4; as n. V 222, 249, XIII 17, A V 138, C III 290, VIII 285; of size: smaller XII 264, C XIV 185;

thinner XVI 57; of rank or condition lesser VII 164, XVII 182, A VIII 142, C XIX 148; as n. ~ and/ne/or moore humble ... grand II 46, A IX 7, C II 50, XV 199; a smaller or a larger gift XIII 17; superl. leest of amount: least VII 40, C XI 75; of size smallest XII 269, C XIV 190; most minute XIII 186; of rank or condition: meanest III 24, 205, A III 23, C III 248; lowest X 137, A XI 90; as n. least A VIII 45, C IX 44; shortest V 396, C VII 12; least intricate XI 346, C XIII 157; easiest XVII 43; most insignificant XVIII 405; least offender II 197, A II 158, C II 211. [OE lytel, lessa, leest] litel adv. of degree little, not much IV 65, X 37, 377, A XI 49, C III 393, V 31, VI 145; seldom VII 142, XX/XXII 27, A VIII 124, C XVI 145; a ~ shortly XVI 139; thoughtlessly XIV 34; comp. lasse less IV 161, V 559, C VIII 165, XII 43; ~ ouper moore to some degree X 271; moore other ~ variably C IX 108; moore ne ~ precisely this much X 462, A XI 306; fixed, not variable XX/XXII 272; superl pe leeste in the slightest, at all XVIII 285; least of all C III 210. [cp. adj.] lyth n. domain XVI 181. [cp. OI ly\>r\ lipen v.(l) listen to XIII 423, C VI 194; paJ.pl. XIII 455; C VII 115; hear and learn C X 65, XI 75. [cp. OI hlyfra] lythereac/v. sinfully CX166. [OE lypre] lithereth v. pr.t. pi. cast w. slings C XVIII 48. [QEliperen.] lipep v.(2) 1. pr.t.pi. make at ease, make much of XIII 437, C VII 97; pa.t.3sg. XIII 451, C VII 118. 2. dress, treat C XIX 71; pp. healed A VII 180. [OE lipian] litlum, litellum adv. in phr. ~ and ~ gradually, by stages XV 610, C XVII 318. [OE lytlum dat] lyue(n), libbe(n), lyuene, leue, leuene v. 1. live, continue in life VI 181, VIII 58, A III 214, C IX 151, XV 178; pr.t.lsg. IV 109, A IV 154, C IV 104; pr.t.pi. XII 34, XIV 62, C I 16, XV 261; pa.t.3sg. XIV 87; pi. XIV 64, C XIII 4; pr.subj.sg. C III 297; prp. in phr. longe ~ the sages C XIV 168; have being C XVIII 197; pr.t.Bsg. C XIX 44; is/are/was/were alive pr.t.3sg. XVIII 30, C III 282, X 50; pi. 122

Glossary

lyue(n) - loke(n) ~ in heaven above I 90, A I 88; in state Pr 157; up V 352. [cp. OI lopt] l°ggyng Ser- dwelling, habitation A XII 44. [ME fr. AF logier] logyk n. dialectic, logic as a component of the trivium X 176, A XI 128, C XI 116; as a means of attempting theological questions XI 222, 224; by synec. academic study of philosophy XX/XXII 250; philosophical erudition XI 219, XII 97; philosophical writings C XIV 190; work ascribed to Aristotle XII 269. [AF logik] lok n. lock fig. I 202, A I 176, C I 197; pi. XIII 367, C VI 266. [OE loc] loke(n) v. 1. look XVIII 405, C VII 50; pr.t.2sg. VII 142, A VIII 124; pa.t.lsg. Pr 9, II 7, A Pr 9, C XIII 173; 3sg. IV 173, V461, A XI 98, C IV 167, VI 315, XI 83; imp.sg. II 5, XI 428, A II 5, C XIII 235; pp. C III 493. 2. pr.t.3sg. directs ... sight, looks XI 187; pa.t.lsg. XVI 255, C XVIII 271; 3sg. XIII 102, XVIII 114, A XI 98, C XV 109, XX 117; pa.t.lsg. looked to see XIV 47, C XV 248; imp.sg. -in refer to V 276, C VI 301. 3. see X 271, C XX 368. 4. ~ on look in the eye VI 185, A VII 173, C VIII 181; pa.subj.sg. cast an eye on XVIII 383, C XX 425. 5. pa.t.3sg. ~ (vpp)on regarded I 167, XI 85, A I 141, C IV 167. 6. show our/my face Pr 152, IV 60, A IV 47, C Pr 189; pa.t.3sg. looked up V 63, A V 46, C VI 4. 7. trans, care for, look after V 200, A V 116, C XX 379; pr.subj.sg. protect, preserve 1209, XV 9, A I 183; imp.sg. see to it that I 146, III 271, A I 134, C VII 222; pi. 1X180, XIX/XXI 254, C VIII 36. 8. have charge of XVI 47; pr.t.Ssg. is concerned XV 185; ~to is responsible for IX 58. 9. administer, enforce V 52, C VIII 85; govern VII 171. 10. take thought, look hard XV 319; imp.sg. XII 191, C IX 241, XIV 130; pi. XI 83; pa.t.lsg. was watching XIV 47, C XV 248; 3sg. XI410. 11. inspect, examine II 227, A II 186, C II 237. 12. ascertain II 156, A II 120, C II 172; imp.sg. be sure that XI 388, C XIII 206; pi. check XI 83; pp. Ill 341. 13. ordain, decree VI 318, A VII 299; pr.t.3sg. II 198, All 159, C II 212; countenance, permit II 136, A II 100. 14. pr.t.3sg. has an ap-

XV 326; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 161, C V11I 194; pr.subj.pl. C XVII 116; prp. Pr 223, XIII 281, A VIII 63, C IX 58; survive and recover C XIX 75; pa.t.pl. remained alive XIV 70. 2. conduct (one's) life, live III 164, XII 207, A VII 62, CIII 203, XII 228; pr.t.lsg. V I 1 9 , A V 98; 3sg. XI 177, XIII 413, C VII 73, IX 158, XIII 193; pi. VI 143, VII 63, XIV 152, A VII 63, X 132; C III 289; pa.t.3sg. X 441, C III 325; pi. Pr 26, X471, APr26, CIX43; pr.subj.sg. X 137, XIV 60, A XI 90, C XV 259; pi. XV 391; pa.subj.pl XIV 71, C XV 270; imp.sg. A XII 90; pi. V 44, XX/XXII 247, A V 36, C V 142; prp. w. prec. adv. IX 110, X 437, XII 267, C III 339, X 166, XIV 187; pp. C XI 253, 3. dwell, live VIII 94, XIV 42, C III 360; pr.t.lsg. C V 44; pr.t.Ssg. II 187, XV 213, C I I I 420; pi. XI 275, A II 148, C XVII 292; pp. XV 152, C XVI 288. 4. live (in particular circumstances) Pr 157, X 304, III 227, A X 144, XI 210, C Pr 177, III 250; pr.t.3sg. XIV 264, C XX 219; pi. CPr 102; pa.t.3sg. XIV 123, C XV 299; pi. XIV 125, XV 533, C XVII 7, 68; pr.subj.pl X 444; pp. XIV 118, C XV 294. 5. sustain (one)self, live VI 289, 307, A VII 273, C V 26, VI 292; pr.t.2sg. II 125, V 288, A II 89; 3sg. XV 255, 423, C X 79, 172; pi. V 150, VI 19, A VII 21, C IV 194, XII 186; pa.t.3sg. XV 284, 294, C VI 121; pi. XV 293, C IX 199; in phr. to ~ by sustenance XIX/XXI 468. [OE lifian, libban] lyuesadj. alive XIX/XXI 159. [ME] lyuyng ger. life and preoccupations C XVI 37; conduct, way of life XIII 95, XV 418, C VI 33, XII 96, XIV 168; ~ in trupe integrity XI 152; pride of parflt ~ pride of life pers. XI 15, C XI 192. lixt see LYEN. lo, loo excl. 1. for emph. V 38, XIII 307, CIII 485, V 186, XII 219. 2. directing or claiming attention 115, X 27, XI 154, A II 5, C I I 7 1 , XVI 40; w. force ofV. C XX 370. [OEld] lobies n. able-bodied idlers Pr 55, A Pr 52, CPr 53. [cp. MDulob] lodesterre n. pole star XV 358, C XVII 96. [ME] lofte n. in phr. bi ~ in height XVIII 45; o 123

loke(n) - loof

Glossary

pearance, looks XIV 228, XV 204, C V 162; pi. XV 206, C XVI 271; pa.t.3sg. V 82, A V 65, C XI 2; w. adv. VI 320, XVIII 12, A VII 301, C IX 141; w. adv. + re/1. dot. V 189, A V 108, C VI 197. 15. pr.t.Ssg. expects C IX 270, XIII 74, XIX 265; pr.t.Ssg. ~ after expects, hopes for C III 249; waits for, puts his hope in XII 180, C XVIII 266; pa.t.3sg. ~ on turned to for support C IV 67; pi. C IV 106; pr.subj.sg. notice XVIII 386, C XX 428; pi ~ on keep in view A VIII 14; imp.sg. ~ no^t perafter avert your eyes from V 578, A VI 65, C VII 225; pr.subj.sg. ~ dymme have poor eyesight X 184, A XI 136, C X I 125; imp.pl ~ forp search out A VII 13; lyue and ~ have life and awareness VIII 58, A IX 49, C X 57; pr.t.Ssg. XVIII 30; pi. C XX 29; prp. XIX/XXI 175. [OE locian] lokes n. pi. expression, mien C XI 265. [fr. v.] lokynge ger. 1. glance A XII 96; ~ on attention to XI 318. 2. expression XIII 343. 3. care, concern XVI 7, C XVIII 10. 4. adjudication C II 125. lollare n. wandering beggar C IX 158; pi. C VIII 286, IX 107; gen. pi. C V 31, IX 140; pi. layabouts, sturdy beggars C IX 159; gen. sg. C IX 103; pi. itinerant preachers dressed as clerics XV 213, C V 4, IX 193, 214, 241; yclothed as a ~ wearing clerical habit C V 2. [M Du] lollep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. dangles, hangs on XII 213, CXIV 152; pa.t.pl sagged V 191, A V 110, C VI 199; prp. lying helpless XVI 269, C XVIII 285; pp. ~ vp hanged, strung up XII 191. 2. pr.t.Ssg. limps, walks awkwardly C IX 216; fig. pr.t.pl. ~ by are deformed in the view of C IX 219. [MDu/o/H lomb, lamb n. lamb V 553, A VI 40, C VII 197; pi. XV 206, C III 412, XVI 271. [OElamb] lome adv. often XI 233, C X 166; comp. XX/XXII238. [OEgelome] lomes n. tools C V 45. [OE lorna] lompen. piece, chunk C IX 150. [? MDu] lond, land n. 1. country, realm Pr 126, III 203, A IV 131, CIII 210, 213; pi. XIII 208, A III 208, C XV 166; territory XIX/XXI 32; pi A VIII 140, C III 382; fig. country XI 8, XIX/XXI 334, C XI

167. 2. land (as property) III 136, IV 73, A VII 291, XI 14, C III 316; pi. landed estates IX 180, XV 555, C V 26, 158. 3. land (as productive of crops) VI 17, 272, A IX 73, C XII 224; field CX 217; pi XVII 61, C XIX 60; fig. XVI 16; lif on ~ life in this world C Pr 147. [OE] londleperis n. pi. as adju. vagabond, wandering XV 213. [ME] london, lundoun n. London Pr 85, A Pr 94, C V 4 . lone see LEUE(N). long, lang adj. 1. of dimension long VI 10, XIV 242, A VII 18, C V 4 1 , XX 44; in fig. X 166, A XI 118, C XVIII 22; comp. Ill 340, V 208, A V 124, C III 492; tall Pr 55, A IX 110, C V 24; comp. XVI 181; as n. XIV 224, C XVI 84. 2. of duration long V 559, A VI 46, C IV 44, XX 5; comp. extended XX/ XXII 287; as n. w. copula a long while XI 368, X V I , CXIII 178; after prep. V 515, A VI 3; of texts or discourse lengthy IX 74; lang cart large fourwheeled waggon (ML longa caretta) II 182, A II 143, C II 195. [OE lang] longe n. in phr. woke ~ length of a week C IX 254. [fr. adj.] longe, long adv. of time long IV 109, A VII 247, CIII 297; comp. XX/XXII 63, CIII 137; for a long time V21, A V 2 1 , CV80, XII 193; a long while X381, A XI 262, CXIV 38; long since XVIII 79, C XX 81; or ~ er/or a long while before XIII 388, C VI 277; late and ~ V 515, A VI 3, CVII 160. [fr. adj.] longede pa.t.Bsg. yearned, longed C VIII 278. [OElangian] longesw. lungs C VIII 189. [OE lungen] longeb v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. is requisite X 137, A XI 90; pa.t.Ssg. was appropriate, fitting XI 421; pr.t.Ssg. is associated w. X215, A XI 158; pi. are features, part of V619, A VI 105; pr.t.3sg. leads A XII 64; pi are subject II 46, A II 28. 2. dwell, live C VI 158; pr.t.Ssg. live (as a follower) C III 248; pi. are maintained by C IX 130. [cp. OE belangian] longeus, longies n. Longinus XVIII 79, 82, CXX81. longyngeger. desire XI 8, XIX/XXI 248, C XI 167. [OE langung] loof, lof, loef n. loaf VI 179, XIII 49, A

124

loof- lotieb

Glossary VII 267, C VIII 285, IX 150; pi. XIV 222, C XVII 24. [OEhlafl loone, lone n. loan XX/XXII 287; moneylending C IV 194. [cp. Ol Ian] loore, lore n. 1. instruction, teaching XX/XXII 351, C I 67, XI 125; that which is taught, teaching X 112, 124, A II 17, C XI 74, XIII 193; learning, erudition C XI 97. 2. guidance, counsel V 38, IX 73, XIX/XXI 239; command, injunction XVIII 197, C XX 202. 3. learning (as a process) XII 276, C XIV 198; holy ~ Christian doctrine C XI 34; hagiology C XVII 65. [OE Idr] loos, los n. reputation XIII 297, 448, C VII 108; good reputation, praise XIII 298. [AF/os] looj), loj), loeth adj. 1. hateful 1X59, XIV 7, C XX 260; displeasing XII 246. 2. wicked, reprehensible XV 108, C XV 78. 3. unwilling III 161, XIII 359, XV 5, A III 150, C VIII 48, XI 131; comp. XV 392; disinclined Pr 55, XV 473, XX/XXII 360, APr52, C VIII 264. [OE !#] looue, loue n. widow, relict IV 49, A IV 36. [OElaf] lord, loerd n. 1. head of household X 477, XIV 110, C VIII 252; fig. husband II 33. 2. feudal lord III 197, XI 128, A III 184, CIII 310, X217; pi. X 321, CV 167; chief- immediate lord of the fee C IX 73; ruler III 203, IX 29, A XI 143, C I 111, XV 166 ; pi. X 25; lawful governors' III 298. 3. man of rank or eminence IX 39, XI 23, C III 283, V 160; of Christ XVIII 273, C XX 280; pi. Pr64, 95, A II 17, III 60, C Pr 93, 177; pi. church dignitaries III 97; ecclesiasts A XI 217; judges II 22, III 25, A III 24, C XII 90; fig. grete ~ persons of authority 1X22, A X 21, C X 148. 4. of the deity Pr26, I 143, A I 89, III 153, C I 1 1 1 , 155; in invocation III 112, A III 153, C VI 102. 5. as ceremonial term of address III 112, A III 162, CIII 221; pi. XV 9, C III 73. 6. inexcl. XVI 12, C I 1 1 2 . [OE hldford] lordej) v. pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ in has dominion over X 87, C XI 67. [ME fr. n.] lordlich adj. domineering III 161, A III 150, C III 199; arrogant XIII 301. [OE

hlafordlic]

lordliche adv. luxuriously, in the grand style C XIX 239. [ME fr. adj.] lordshipe, lordschip, lordshepe n. 1. retinue of a lord II 46, A II 28. 2. ownership (of property) XV 555, C IX 203. 3. kingdom VII 164, A VIII 142. 4. suzerainty III 207, A III 194, C III 264; rule XVII 8, C XIX 10. 4. honour, power, authority IX 41, XVI 191, A XI 14, C XI 12. 5. (feudal) estate A VI 35, C III 249; fig. II 89, A II 61, C II 96; pi. XV 558, C XVII 221. 6. favour, maintenance CII50, 110. [OE hldfordscipe] lore see LESEN. lorel n. fool VII 142, A VIII 124; disorientated, distraught person XV 5, XVIII 3, C XX 3; madman C VI 313; pi. C IX 137; pi. worthless persons, good-for-nothings XVII 47, C Pr 75, XIV 20; shamming beggars VI 122, C IX 101. [ME fr. loren pp.] loresman n. spiritual preceptor XII 182, C XIV 122; pi. IX 90. [ME] losely adv. insecurely, precariously XII 213, C XIV 152. [ME fr./ds adj.] losels n. pi. good-for-nothings, worthless persons Pr 77, A XI 36, C VIII 74. [ME fr. lose(n) pp.] losengerie n. loose living, debauchery VI 143, X 50, A XI 36. [AF] lose)) v. pr.t.Ssg. abs. praises XV 253; pa.t.2sg. trans. XI 421. [cp. AF aloser] los(se), loes n. loss Pr 191, XIII 386, C V 97, XVI 149. [OE los] loscheborwe, lossheborwe n. counterfeit coin made in Luxemburg C XVII 73, 168; pi. XV 349; as adj. counterfeit C XVII 83. [ME]. lossum adj. desirable C X 259. [OE luftum] lot, loot, loth n. Lot (Gen. 19) I 27, A I 27, CX178. lotebies n. concubines III 151, A III 140, CIII 189. [ME] lope v. hate, detest VII 98, A VIII 80; pr.t.pl. C VI 142; pa.t.3sg. C VII 50; impers. pr.t.Ssg. is hateful to Pr 155, C Prl75. [OEldjrian] loblyaat w. the intended significance, to signify XIV 45, XV 306, C XVIII 92; portending XVIII 136, C XX 139; in ~ after intent on XV 475; in ~ of implying, suggesting C Pr 99; pi. impulses, instinct C I 138. [fr. v.(l)] menyson in phr. ~ blody menstrual hemorrhage XVI 111. [AF menison] menours n. friars minor, Franciscan friars VIII 9, A IX 9, C X 9 . [AF] menske v. bring honour to III 184, A III 171, CIII230. [cp. Olmennskr] mercede n. recompense XIX/XXI 76; fair recompense C III 291, 333. [L] mercer n. cloth merchant V 252, C VI 250. [AF] mercy n. 1. forgiveness, pardon V 69, A V52, C XIII 13. 2. divine forgiveness of sin I 173, V 281, VII 201, A I 147, C VI 92, 274; fig. II 31; pers. as the first person of the Trinity I 170, A I 144; as the mother of Christ V 635, A VI 120, C VII 288; by synec. absolution in the sacrament of penance C IX 277; divine benevolence V 283, X 68, 389, A III 224, V 243, C II 136, VI 172, 333; variously fig. V 586, XI 265, XIX/XXI 324, A VI 73, C VII 233; grace of amendment C XIX 294; fig. the power to work miracles C XV 221. 3. clemency III 319, IV 77, A IV 125, C IV 139, XIX 270(1); pers. XI 138, XVIII 397, C XII 73, XX 440. 4. loving kindness XV 469; compassion, pity IV 99, V466, A XI 51, 261, C VIII 177; fig. XVI 5; pers. VI 39, X 376, A XI 257, C VIII 37; haue ~ of be lenient w. Ill 59, C III 63. 5. in courteous address

136

meschaunce - metels

Glossary

246, A III 225. [ME] met n. quantity, amount measured out XIII 358; caste ~ calculated dimensions C XI 124. [OEmet] metal n. metal XV 350, C XVII 75; fig. XV 353, C XVII 79. [AF] mete«. 1. food 124, III 224, XI 418, A VII 185, C VI 289; fig. XIII 48, C XV 45. broke- leftovers XVI 126, C XVIII 154; pi. varieties of prepared food, dishes VI 267, A VII 251; fig. XIII 38, C XV 43, 89; -out of mesure gluttony C XIII 188; riche- delicacies XIV 231, C XV 231. 2. (the) meal, dinner V 2, 453, XIII 60, A V 2, C VI 147; by synec. the dinner table VI 53, X 53, A I 138, C XVI 343; service of the meal XIII 37. 3. foodstuffs obtained by manual labour, produce of the land VI 19, 233, A VII 21, C XV 267. 4. means of livelihood XI 284. 5. pi. fodder XIX/XXI 415. [OE mete] mete, meete v.(l) 1. measure Pr 215, A Pr 88, C Pr 165; pr.t.pl. use in measurement, measure out w. I 177, A I 151, C I 173; pa.t.Bsg. equated, found commensurate IV 143, A IV 126, C IV 140. 2. catch up w. XVII 83. 3. pr.t.pl. progress A Pr 60; pa.t.Ssg. came to C IV 41. [OEmetan] mete, meete v.(2) 1. in phr. ~ wib encounter, meet VIII 119, XV 251, A IX 109, C XVI 143; pa.t.lsg. XVI 172, C V 6 , 1X247; pi. II 215, A II 189, C II 225; pr.subj.sg. XI 28, C IX 122; pa.subj.sg. C XIII 57; come upon C XIII 47, 62; pa.t.lsg. made the acquaintance of XIII 25; pi. C XV 29; met (for a purpose) XVI 146. 2. trans, encountered pa.t.lsg. V 101, A V 8 1 , 1X3, 8, C VI 178; 3sg. XIX/XXI 157; pi. V 515, A VI 3, C XVIII 167; pr.subj.sg. C XVIII 246; pi. C VII 297; pp. XI 244. 3. intr. come together, meet XIII 6; pa.t. pi XVII 55, A VII 155, C XVII 30; pa.subj.pl. C XIII 33; pa.t.Ssg. engaged in combat w. XX/XXII 93. [OEmetan] metelees, meteles adj. without food VII 147, A VIII 129, C IX 296; unfed X 66, A XI 52. [OEmeteleas] metels, meteles n. dream Pr 209, VII 148, A VIII 130, C IX 297, XV 4; pi. A VIII 131; in ~ dreaming II 53, XI 407; dreams as experience VII 173, A VIII

falling into sin VIII 60, A IX 51, C X 59; wickedness, sinful conduct XIV 76. [AF] meschief, myschief n. 1. misfortune III 177, A III 164, C IX 180; bad times C Pr215, XIII 71; trouble IV 72, A IV 58; catastrophe Pr 67, A Pr 64, C Pr 65; disaster XII 84. 2. time of peril X 399, CXI 230; peril X 457, XX/XXII 65. 3. suffering XIII 77; affliction VII 103, XIV 174, A VIII 85; a crippled body C IX 217; pi. C IX 184, XII 179; poverty IX 78, XIV 255, C VIII 232, XVI 78; extreme hunger VII 205, XIX/XXI 283, A VII 191, C VIII 212; disease XV 98, C XVI 251. 4. immorality, wrong doing XIV 76. 5. harsh punishment C III 143; visitation of wrath for sin III 278; at ~ in time of need XI 300; needy A XI 201; disastrously A X 181. [AF] mesel(e)s, musels, myselis n.pl. lepers III 133, A VIII 85, C IX 180. [AF meset] mesondieux, mesondewes, mesonisdeux n. hospitals, poor-houses VII 26, A VIII 28, C IX 30. [AF maison dieu] message n. petition XV 506, C XVII 257. [AF] mes(s)ager, masager, messanger n. authorized courier, despatch rider IV 132, A IV 115, C XIII 33; pi. II 230, A l l 189, C II 240; conveyor of divine tidings XV 408, XVI 97, XIX/XXI 207; fig. bearers of messages to God C IX 136. [AF] messie n. the Messiah III 303, XV 592, C XVII 159. [AF] mestier, mester n. task VII 7, A VIII 7, C 1X7. [AF] mesurable adj. 1. moderate 119, A I 19. 2. commensurate III 256, A III 235. [AF] mesure, mesour n. 1. scales of balance fig. I 177, A I 151, C I 173; pi. instruments of measurement XIII 358, XIV 295, C XVI 130. 2. measure drawn C VI 230; size XVI 182. 3. regulated proportion XX/XXII 254. 4. moderation I 35, XIV 71, A XII 73, C I 19, XVII 52; as n. what is moderate XX/XXII 26, C XIII 188. [AF] mesured v. re/7. pa.t. pi. exercised moderation XIV 78; imp.pl. control, regulate XIV 82. [AF mesurer] mesurelees, mesurles adj. limitless III

137

metels - myldely

Glossary

149, C IX 318. [fr. fol] meten v. dream Pr 11, A P r 11; pa.t.lsg. XX/XXII 52; 3sg. VII 165, A VIII 143, C IX 309; prp. C II 56; pp. C XIII 215; impers. w. dot. pa.t. V 9, VIII 68, A IX 59, CPr222, V I 1 0 . [OE mdtan\ mete3yueres n. in phr. goode ~ people who kept open house and a good table XV 147. [ME] metyng ger. dream XIII 4, A IX 59; in ~ XI 320. [OE mating] metropolitanus n. primate, bishop w. authority over suffragan bishops in his province XV 516; C XVII 267. [L] mette n. table companion sharing a service for two XIII 48, C XV 54; pi. XIII 35, CXV40. [OEgemetta] meuen v. 1. be capable of motion, move XVII 168, C XIX 163; trans. pa.t.Bsg. move fig. XVI 77, C XVIII 109. 2. stir up, arouse XII 124, XIX/XXI 286, C XIV 67; pa.t.Bsg. C XVIII 117; perturbed XI 369, C XIII 179; pp. prompted, urged XII 4; in phr. ~ ... mood pa.t. 3sg. disposed XIII 191; pr.t.2sg. become indignant X 269. 3. of topics, issues bring up, put forward, raise VIII 123, A IX 113, C I 123; pr.t.lsg. XI 232; pi. X 117, XV 71, A XI 70, C XVI 232; pa.t.Ssg. XI 108, C XII 42; pp. C XV 129. [AF mover, mever] michel, mihel n. Michael the archangel (Dan. 10.13) VII 34, A VIII 36, C IX 37. mydprep. 1. along w., with Pr 147, I 116, A X 174, C Pr 168; together w., with XV 353, C XVI 182. 2. at his disposal XVII 171. [OEmid] mydday n. noon, midday V 492, C IX 247. [OEmiddag] myddel n. 1. waist, middle III 10, A III 10, C VI 409. 2. middle part XVII 192, C XIX 161; -ofbemoone full moon III 327, XIII 155, CIII 480. [OEmiddel] myddel adj. middle XII 7, C XVIII 118. [OE middel] myddelerbe, myddelerd n. earth, this world (as distinct from heaven) III 303, XI 9, CXI 168. [ME] myddesw. middle XVII 187, XIX/XXI 4, C XVIII 6; midst II 185, A II 146, C II 198; highest point A II 40. [OE midde, in middes] mydlenten, myddelenton adj. in phr. ~ sonday fourth Sunday in Lent XVI 172,

C XVIII 181. [OE mid lencten] mydmorewe adj. in phr. ~ tide midmorning A II 40. [ME] mydnyght, mydnyhte n. midnight XV 20, A VIII 150, C XVI 171. [OEmidniht] midsomer, myssomur n. midsummer XIV 160, C XVI 13. [OE midnesumor] Mighelmesse, Mihelmasse n. Michaelmas, 29 September, the feast of St Michael the Archangel, XIII240, C XV 215. [ME] my3t n. 1. power (of God) 1X38, 53, XIX/XXI 24, A X 41, C VI 285, XVII 314; pi. X 105, XV 66; as expr. through divine grace V 134, XIX/XXI 184, 387; as conferred on the angels I 107, A I 105; -ofmyracle XIII 255, C XV 225. 2. (political) power Pr 113, C Pr 140; wib ~ in his royal might IV 173. 3. efficacy, magic or miraculous power XIII 167, XVI 54, 211, C XX 474. 4. power for evil X 335, XIV 218, A X 63, C XVI 85, XVIII 150; pi XVI 165. 5. strength V 104, VI 201, XII 7, A V 84, C VIII 207, XVIII 30; vitality XIV 301, C XVI 137. 6. capability XVII 145, C XIX 119; ~ of moub power of language XIII 328, C VI 73; bi/emforth ~ to the extent of ... capability X 259, C VI 295, XV 141; pi. X274; pi faculties XVIII 256; inherent faculty, capability (of the soul) I 163, A I 139, C I 161. [OE miht] my3tful adj. mighty I 173, A I 147, C I 169; sufficiently powerful XVII 316; ~ god God in his merciful power XI 279. [ME] mighty, myhty adj. powerful I 176, XIX/ XXI 264, A I 150, C I 172; superl A X 54. [OEmihtig] mylde adj. humble X 152, A X 83, XI 104, C XI 90; superl. least arrogant XIX/XXI 255; possessing the virtue of humility, humble in heart XV 469, XX/ XXII 65, C XIX 204; submissive to God XV 306; gentle C IX 15, XX 118; modest, shy XII 204, C XIV 143; amiable VIII 80, XIX/XXI 93, A IX 71, C XV 273; tame XIV 114, XV 280, C XVII 239. [OEmilde] myldely adv. humbly XVII 302, C XIX 282; meekly XVI 97, C XVIII 130; submissively C IX 184; graciously III 20, A III 19, C III 10; amicably XVIII 150, C XX 153; w. no hint of reproach C III 39; lightly, leniently C III 77; 138

Glossary

myldely - myseise IX 136. [AF minestral] mynstralcie, menstralsie, mynstracie, munstracie n. music III 11, A III 11, C III 12; entertainment X 44, A XI 35, C XV 195; fig. C XVI 312. [AF munstralcie] myntwhile, mynt(e)whyle n. in phr. in a ~ quickly C XII 217, XIX 198; instantly C XIII 198. [ME:cp. fol] minute n. in phr. in a ~ while instantly XI 381; quickly XVII 232. [AF minut] miracle n. marvellous event ascribed to divine intervention in the natural law, miracle C XVIII 145; pi. XV 446, C Pr 99, 301; sg. my3tof~ divinely conferred power to perform miracles XIII 255, C XV 225. [AF] myres n. bogs, wetlands C XIII 167. [cp. OI myrr] mirour n. 1. looking glass, mirror XV 162; magical mirror XI 9, C XI 179. 2. paragon, model of conduct XV 527, C XVII 277; pi. XII 95; bad example XVI 156, C XVIII 173. [AF] mirre n. aromatic gum, myrrh XIX/XXI 76, 92. [AF] mys n. false doctrine XI18. [LOE mis} mysbede v. imp.sg. abuse, speak harshly to VI 45, A VII 44, C VIII 42. [OE misbeodari] mysbeleue v. hold false or mistaken religious beliefs A XI 71. [ME] mysbileue n. false religion XV 397, C XVII 273; false doctrine C XVIII 150; mistaken doctrine C Pr 102; idol worship CIII 328. [ME] myschaunce see MESCHAUNCE. myscheued v. pa.t. pi. came to grief XII 117. [AF meschever] mysdede n. sin X 376, A XI 257; pi. I 162, A I 142, C I 164; besetting sin V 72, A V 55; transgression, offence IV 90, A IV 77; pi. Ill 43, A III 42, C III 45. [OEmisdted] mysdo v. 1. sin, do wrong III 123, A III 112, C III 160; pr.t.pl. XV 109; pa.t.3sg. C XX 389; pp. XVIII 341, C IV 86. 2. pr.t.3sg. injures XV 257; pa.t. 3sg. IV 99, A IV 86. [OEmisdon] mysdoers n. malefactors, criminals III 247, 297, A III 226. [ME] myseise, mysese, meseyse n. distress, hardship, deprivation I 24, IX 78, XIII 159, A I 24, C XV 158. [AF miseise]

tamely C XVII 30. [OE mildelice] myldenesse n. 1. submission to God's will XV 174. 2. loving kindness XV 258. [OE mildness] myle n. the measure of distance, mile V 372, A XI 119; uninfl.pl. V401, C XIX 74; be lengbe of a ~ the time it takes to walk a mile XV 187, C XIII 39. [OE mil] mylion(y)s n. millions A III 249. [AF milion] mylk see MELK. mylkedpp. milked C XVII 10. [OE mildan] millere, mullere n. miller II 112, A II 76, C II 116. [ME] mynchons n. pi. nuns A X 136. [OE mynecenu] mynde, muynde n. 1. the seat of consciousness, mind XVI 38; intelligence, capacity for thought C XVII 154; capacity for understanding and reasonable decision C XVI 182; awareness XVII 314, C XIX 294; attention, thought XI 50, XIII 397, A XI 216, C VI 284. 2. reflection XV 295. 3. way of thinking XVI 58; haue in ~/in ~ haueb remember VI 94, XV 147, A VII 86; be mindful of V 281, C XII 90; direct his thoughts to XI 264, CXII 150; makeb~of refers to IX 125, C XV 306. [OE gemynd, LOE *mynd\ mynystre n. administrator of a religious order C V 9 1 ; royal official XIV 290, C XVI 125; pi. servants C V 60; men dedicated to the service of God XV 419. [AF ministre] mynistren v. 1. be serviceable XVII 145, C XIX 119; trans, pa.t.pl. served, assisted C XVIII 96. 2. pr.t.pl. administrate, have disposal of XII 52. [AF ministrer] mynnen pr.t.pl. remember XV 462, C XIX 233; ~ on give thought to XII 4. [cp. OI minna] mynne adj. comp. as n. in phr. more ne ~ precisely this, no more, no less (than) C III 396. [cp. OI minni] mynours n. miners Pr222, A P r l O l . [AF minour] mynstral(l) n. 1. fig. servant, servitor XIII 221, C XV 193. 2. pi. musicians Pr 33, III 220, A III 207, C XI 33; entertainers II 230, III 133, XIII 442, A II 189, C IX 128; goddes ~ XIII 439, C 139

myseise - moneie

Glossary

myseise adj. poor, in distressed circumstances C IX 30; as coll. n. the poor, those in distress VII 26, A VIII 28. [AF miseise\ myself pron. as nom., emph. Ill 5, V 549, A III 39, C II 186; as unsupported subj. VI 255, C VIII 267; as disjunctive pron. II 23, 179, A VII 29, C VI 37, XIX 93; as refl. obj. of prep. IV 71, VIII 70, A IV 57, C VI 36, X 68; as refl. obj. ofv. II 31, CVI74, XV 68. [ME] mysfare v. go on to perdition C X 162; pa.t.pl erred, went wrong III 344. [OE misfaran] mysfeet n. sin XI 375; pi XX/XXII 307. [AF mesfait] myshap n. accident C V 34; pi. misfortunes C XII 202. [ME] myshappe v. be unlucky C XI 185; be defeated III 329, C III 482; pa.t.Bsg. met w. misfortune X 288. [ME] mysliked v. pa.t.Ssg. was displeased C XVI 314. [OE mislician] mysproud adj. intellectually arrogant XIII 435, C VII 95. [ME] mysrulef) v. pr.t.Ssg. abuses, impairs IX 61. [ME] mysseyd, myssaide v. pa.t.3sg. reproached, castigated XVI 127, C XX 350; pp. criticized, spoken ill of V 68, A V 51, C VI 9. [ME] myssep v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. lacks XII 99, C XIV 44. 2. pr.subj.pl. may be rid of, without Pr 192. [OE missan] mysshapen pp. as coll. n. deformed persons VII 96, A VIII 78, C IX 172. [ME] myssyng ger. lack A XII 73, C X 202. mysspende v. waste, squander, misspend C X 186; pr.t.pl XV 76, C XVI 235; pp. CV93; pr.t.Ssg. abuses CX175. [ME] mysstande|) v. pr.t.Ssg. is amiss, needs correction XI 381, C XIII 198. [ME] myst n. mist, fog Pr 215, A Pr 88, C Pr 165; vapour XVII 232, C XIX 198. [OE mist] mystier, mistilokere adj. comp. more impenetrable X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127. [MEfr. n.] mysturnynge ger. taking the wrong turning C VII 308. myswonne v. pa.t.pl. acquired dishonestly XIII 42, CXV47. [ME] myte n. Flemish coin of small value, mite C XIII 97; pi. XIII 196; sg. in phr. a ~

at all VII 51, A VIII 53, C IX 275. [MDu] mitigacio(u)n n. the grace of leniency V 469, AV243, C VI 323. [AF] mytrede pp. invested w. the mitre C IV 193. [cp. AF mitre n.] mywen v. stack new-mown hay into haycocks C V 14. [cp. OE muga n.] myx«. filth XIV 23. [OEmix] mnam n. a biblical money denomination, a small sum VI 239, A VII225. [L mna] mo, ma n. a larger number, more, more in addition Pr 147, II 237, III 1, V 293, A II196, C Pr 168, II 7, VI 348. [OE md] mo adj. of number more I 116, V 243, A VII 257, C XIX 37; additional, further XVII 285, A XI 131, C XII 172; -opere II 112, IV 10, A II 76, C IV 10. [OE md] mo adv. longer C IV 3; other XIV 331. [OE md] moder, modir n. 1. mother II 50, XIV 265, A VIII 180, C VI 15; fig. XVI 197, C II 125, XVIII 206. 2. origin, generative source XIV 301, C XVI 137. [OE modor] mody adj. as n. the arrogant person IX 208, A X 217. [OE modiglice] modiliche adv. angrily IV 173, C IV 167. [OE modiglice] moebles see MEBLE; moeuen see MEUEN. moysesw. Moses 1151, A III 243, C III 457. moiste adj. Jig. succulent, juicy XVI 68, C XVIII 85. [AF] moiste v. quench ... thirst XVIII 368, C XX 410. [AF muster/moister] molde «.(!) the world, earth Pr 67, III 292, All 148, III 69, C IX 173; produce of the earth C VIII 17. [OE molde] molde «.(2) model, design XI 350, C XIII 161. [AF] moled pp. spotted XIII 274. [ME fr. n.] moles n. pi. spots, stains XIII 314. [OE mdl] mom, mum n. mumble Pr 216, A Pr 89, CPrl66. [?] monen. 1. complaint VI 123, C VIII 130. 2. petition, prayer XV 506, C XVII 257; maken ~ pray for forgiveness of sin XV 26, C XVI186. [fr. OE mdnan v.] moneie, monee, mone n. 1. money, cash VI 224, A VII 210, C III 424; currency I 44, XV 350, A I 42, C XVII 75; 140

moneie - moot

Glossary wealth VIII 90, XVII 269, A IX 81, C II 173, XIII 98; funds XIII 393, C VI 280. 2. wage VI 198, A VII 185, C IX 271; reward XIII 229, C XV 203. 3. payment of money C III 264; cash transactions XIX/XXI349; income, takings Pr 63, A Pr60, C P r 6 1 . 4. a fee III 253, A III 232; a bribe, financial inducement Pr 216, III 271, XV 241, A Pr 89, C Pr 166. [AF] moneye see MANY. moneilees, money(e)les adj. penniless, destitute VII 147, A VIII 129, C IX 110. [fr. prec.] monyal(e)s n. pi. nuns X 324, C V 76. [ML] monk n. member of a monastic order V 452, A X 113, C VII 66; pi. Ill 133, A X 136, C III 170; of the desert fathers XV 274. [OEmunuc] monbe n. month III 145, A III 134, C V 50; pi. V 156, C VI 131. [OE monap] mood, moed n. 1. disposition, frame of mind X 269, XIII 191, C XIII 179. 2. wrath, anger C XVIII 117. [OE mod] moone, mone n. moon III 327, VII 165, C IX 108, XVII 92; lunar phase C IX 110; vnder ~ sublunary, perishable XVII 94; on bothe half the ~ constant, unremitting C VIII 349. [OEmona] moore, more n. 1. a larger quantity/amount, more still/in addition, w. neg. any more Pr231, 1193, IV 39, A IV 92, V 9, VII 135, C I 1 2 3 , III 219, IV 97; wibouten ~ by that sole means X 357; without other agency XVII 235, C XIX 201; lasse ober ~ however much XIV 330; may/mi3te na ~ is/were incapable XIII 87, 351, CVI185, XV 94. 2. coll.pl. as n. persons of rank, standing C II 50; be ~ II 46, A II 28, C XV 199; lasse ne ~ of whatever rank VIII 7, A IX 7, C X 7. [OE mare] moore, more, mor adj. comp. 1. larger XVI 133, XIX/XXI 124; greater V 447, XV 567, XIX/XXI 24(1), A V 219, C XVII 232. 2. more (in amount) 1183, V 38, VII 196, A IV 96, C VI 159, XI 47. 3. more (in addition) VIII 113, X 225, A IX 103, C XI 134; be ~ exceptionally abundant V 629, X 457, A VI 114, C VII 282; na ~ to no greater compared w. V283. [OEmdra] moore, more, mare adv. 1. more (in num-

ber, amount) V215, XI 47, A XI 119, C VI 263; to a greater extent, more Pr 52, III 185, A III 172, CIII 231, IV 193, VI 284; rather II 76, X 397, A XI 32, 216, C X 169, XI 13; more readily XV 109, C XVI 263; more particularly XI 351, XIII 438, C VII 98; emph. neg. na ~ XII 100, XVI 217, C XIV 52, XIX 190. 2. more (in addition) VII 111, A VII 38, C XII 239, XIII 76. 3. further, longer C III 139; as corr. in comp. be~be X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127; int. comp. adj. C XVIII 87; adv. XI 161, XV 199. [fr. adj.] moores, mores n. wastelands, moors XI 354, C XIII 167. [OE mor] moorne, mourne v. 1. repent XIII 191; pr.t.Bsg. XIII 410, C VII 70. 2. pa.t.lsg. was anxious XIII 385, C VI 274; 3sg. Ill 170, A III 157, CIII 216; imp.sg. Ill 16, A III 16, CIII 17. 3. pa.t.lsg. was morose, gloomy XIII 60, C XV 64; 3sg. was downcast IV 165, C IV 160; prp. as adj. melancholy XI 339, C XIII 147. [OE murnari] mo(o)st, nicest adj. superl.: most of number, quantity, proportion I 7, IV 159, 181, X29(2), 94, A I 7, C Pr 146, III 472, XI 25; of gravity, intensity, extent Pr 67, III 80, V 492, A Pr 64, III 69, C XI 230, XIV 108, XVII 63; of status main IX 57, dominant A X 54; as n. the largest amount VIII 55(1), C XI 284. [OEmest] moost adv. ofdeg. most w. adj. Pr 103, 158, 1151, VIII 55(2), A X 32, C I 147, IX 68; w. adv. VIII 14, C XII 223, XVI 340; w. v. V 101, XI 232, 369, XJX/ XXI 418, A V 8 1 , C I I 3 8 , XI 25. [fr. adj.] moot, mot(e), moet n. fig. moat V 586, XIX/XXI 365, A VI 73, C VII 233. [AF mote] moot, mote(n), most(e) v. 1. of circumstantial necessity must pr.t.lsg. V 386, XIII 260, C VII 292; pr.t.Bsg. IX 38, XI 276, XII 186, C XIII 37, 49, XVI 70; w. fut. sense pr.t.lsg. shall/will have to VI 289, A VII 273; 3sg. XI 400, CXII 170; pi. I 138, XIV 277, A I 127, C VIII 312; pa.subj.pl. C XIII 34; w. impl. v. pr.t.lsg. V411. 2. of obligation must pr.t.3sg. IX 15, XVI 200, XIX/XXI 67, C XI 297; pi. V 561, IX 141

moot - muche(l)

Glossary mot] mote v. bring charges at law I 176, A I 150, C I 1 7 2 ; litigate IV 135, AIV118; pr.subj.sg. go to law III 160, A III 149, C III 198. [OE motian] mope n. moth XIV 23, C XII 217. [OE mofye] mopeeten pp. motheaten X 366. [ME] motyef, motyues, motifs, n. topic for academic disputation C XV 129; pi. arguments, propositions X 117, A XI 70, C XVI 232. [AF motif] motyng ger. pleading in court VII 59, A VIII 60, C IV 132. moton, motoun, mutoun n. gold coin, florin (46 pence) III 24, A III 23, C III 25. [AF] mount, mont n. mountain XI 170, C XIX 2. [AF munt] mountaigne, mounteyne n. mountain I 1, XI 324, A l l , C I 1; eminence A II 40. [AF montaine] mounteth pr.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ vp is coming to a head C Pr 65; prp. Pr 67, A Pr 64. [AF mounter] mo(u)rnyng(e) ger. melancholy, repining XIX/XXI 293, C XVII 147; remorse XIV 238; poor morale III 198, A III 185; anxieties, concern C XII 204. mous n. mouse Pr 182, C Pr 210; pi. Pr 147, C Pr 216. [OE mus, mys] moustre, muster, mostre n. display XIII 361, C VI 260; advertisement of goods CIII 110. [AF] moupn. mouth Pr216, V 179, A III 240, XI 57, C VI 180, XI 29; pi. beaks VIII 67, C X 66; fig. language A XI 306, C III 396; speech XV 217, 257, A IX 71, C V I 7 3 ; words V 366, XVII 278, A I 144, C XII 71; of cristes ~ by words of Christ X 449, A XI 294, C XI 274; shrift of ~ oral confession XIV 89, C XVI 30. [OEmufi moupen v. speak, utter IV 115, A IV 106, C IV 110; pr.t.Ssg. VI 238, A VII 222; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 150, C XX 153; pp. in phr. murye ~ C IX 126. [ME fr. n.] mowen v. cut grass w. a scythe, mow C V 14. [OE mdwan] mowynge ger. mowing VI 189, C VIII 186. muche(l), moche(I), mechel, mekil adj. 1. a large amount of, much Pr 182, III 335, A X 147, C Pr 99, 199, III 450;

111, XIX/XXI319, A VI 48, C VII 206, XIII 68; pa.subj.sg. VII 107, XIII 178, C IX 281, XVII 243. 3. of inner compulsion pr.t.lsg. V 152, VII 107, A VIII 89, C VI 127; 3sg. C V 28. 4. of certain outcome XVIII 203, C XX 209. 5. of necessity pa.t.Bsg. would need to XVI 92, C XVIII 125; pr.t.Bsg. ~ herto/ perto is needed for this/that IX 37, XV 562, C XVII 225. 6. of permission pa.t. 3sg. XV 399; pa.subj.sg. IV 112, A IV 99, XII 39, C XVI 163; pi. V512, A V 254, C VII 157. 8. optative pr.subj. in blessing w. pers. v. XIX/XXI 178; pi. XIX/XXI 179 ; w. impers. v. AV 42; in curse X 135, XIII 147, A XI 88, C II 120; in adjuration pa.subj. VII 21, A VIII 23, C IX 25. [OE mot, most} moothalle, mothalle, moethalle n. council chamber IV 152, A IV 135, C IV 163. [ME] morales n. the Moralium Libri X 299, A XI 205. more/i. root XV 98, C XVI 251; pi. XV 294, C XVII 21; fig. XVI 5, 58 C XVIII 23; pi. XIX/XXI 338. [OE more] moreouer adv. what is more, furthermore C V 5 3 , XVIII 224. [ME] morreyne n. plague, pestilence C III 97. [AF marine] morsel n. mouthful, bit of food XIII 108. [AF] mortel adj. to the death in phr. ~ batayles warfare C XVII 288. [CF] morter «.(!) mortar, bowl for pulverizing by synec. punishment XIII 44, C XV 49. [AF] morter «.(2) builders' mortar, cement VI 142; fig. XIX/XXI 324. [AF mortier] mortrews, mortrewes n. dish of pounded or minced meat in rich sauce XIII 41, C XV 66. [AF mortereux] morwe(n), morewe(n) n. morning V 317, A VII 172, C IX 244; on fee ~ next day V 397, A VII 135, C X 268. [OE morgen] morwenyng, mornyng n. morning Pr 5, A Pr5, CPr6; dawn XIII 261. [ME] moskeles n. mussels C IX 94. [OE muscle] mosse, moes n. moss XV 287, C XVII 14. [OE mos] mossep v. pr.t.Ssg. becomes mossy A X 104. [MEfr. n.] mote n. speck, particle of dust X 269. [OE 142

muche(l) - Nabugodonosor

Glossary

murye, merye adv. joyously XVIII 179, C XX 182; ~ mouped friendly, gracious C IX 126; sweyed so ~ was so musical Pr 10, A Pr 10; slepte ~ was edified in sleep C XIII 215. [OEmyrige] murpe, myrpe, merpe n. 1. enjoyment, pleasure XIV 125, 158, XVIII 219, C XVI 10, 12; pi. occasions of delight, delights XI 20, C XI 179. 2. entertainment X 49, A XI 35, C VII 77; music III 220, C III 276; birdsong VIII 67, C X 66; pi. musical performances Pr 33, A P r 3 3 , III 207, C Pr 35; festivity III 11, X 53, A III 11, C III 12. 3. spiritual joy XII 297, C XII 204, XVII 147; joyful encouragement XII 15; eternal bliss XVIII 127, A XII 92, C XX 130; make}) ~ perwib feasts on XV 139; made hym ~ wib was enjoying XIII 60, C XV 64; made hym ~ cheered him up, encouraged him A III 185. [OE myrty, myrig])} murbe(n) v. console, comfort XI 400; cheer up, hearten XVII 244, C XIX 210. [ME fr. n.] murpere, morpere v. kill, murder IV 55, A V 84, C IV 58; pr.t.3sg. XVII 283, C XIX 264; pp. C XII 242; imp.sg. put to death A III 249. [OE myrlprian, AF murthrir] muse v. pr.t.lsg. inphr. ~ perlnne/peron study the subject X 186, A XI 138, C XI 127; pa.t.pl. ~ peron to knowe studied to understand them C XIV 14;pr.t.3 pi. ~ on take seriously, become preoccupied w. X118, A XI 71; pa.t.Bsg. was curious C XIII 226; pa.t.lsg. pondered, brooded C XV 24; imp.sg. C XVIII 198; prp. VII 148, A VIII 130, C IX 297. [AF muser] m u s i k / / music X 44, 177, A XI 32, C XI 117. [Wmusike] musons n. measures X 177, A XI 129, C XI 117. [AF muison] must, most n. new wine, must XVIII 370, C XX 412. [AF] mute adj. as coll. n. the mute, the dumb

abundant V 469, A V 2 4 3 , C VI 333. 2. many V 622, XX 290, A V I 108, C VIII 347. 3. of prodigies etc. great IX 153, A IV 136, C XII 204. 4. tall VIII 70, A IX 61, C X 68; deep XIX/XXI 365; large XVI 133, C XX 43. 5. grievous XI 33, XIII 262, C I X 7 7 , 84; as n. 1. much Pr 202, III 145, XI 412, A VII 242, C X I 211; a great deal XIV 211, XX/XXII 133, C XVI 274. 2. magnitude, size XVI 182. 3. inphr. by so ~ to that extent III 353, C VII 141; in as ~ as to the extent that VII 15, C XIX 206. [OE micel] muche, moche, mekel adv. a great deal, much IV 176, VIII 85, X 67, A V 9, C XIV 67, XVI 102; intensely, fiercely I 35, A I 33, C I 33; so ~ to such a degree, so very XVII 350. [cp. adj.] muk, mok n. barnyard manure VI 142 by synec. landed property C X 97. [OE *moc] mule, muyle n. mule XVII 51, C XIX 49. [OE mul] mulerie, moylere n. legitimate offspring XVI 219, C XVIII 220. [fr. fol.] muliere, mulliere, mulere, moilere, moylore, moyloure adj. legitimate, born in wedlock II 119, XVI 221, A II 83, 119, CX210, XVIII234. [AF] mullestones n. millstones C XX 293. [OE mylenstdn] multiplied v. 1. pr.t.Bsg. populates XVI 211; propagates C XVIII 85; intr. C XVIII 224. 2. pr.t.pl. multiply VI 328; pr.subj.sg. increase VI 126, A VII 118, CVIII 132. [AF multiplier] munde n. man's nickname II 112, A II 76, C I I 116. muracles see MIRACLE. murye, mury, merye, mery adj. 1. cheerful XIV 237, C XV 197; happy III 198, A VIII 42, CIX41; amused, laughing Pr 209, C Pr 220. 2. encouraging, heartening II 154, A II 118, C II 170; reassuring XII 189, C XIV 128. 3. edifying XIII 58, C IX 136; comic XIII 351, C VI 185; agreeable, pleasant C XIV 180; comp. be ~ hem poi^te their bliss seemed the greater I 107, A I 105; superl. most friendly, most gracious XV 217, C XVI 343; make hym/vs ~ myd/wip enjoy (sthing) VI 67, A VII 61, CVIII 155. [OEmyrige]

XVI 111. [AFmuet]

N na see NO. Nabugodonosor, Nabugodonasor n. Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon (4

143

Nabugodonosor - nedeb

Glossary

Kings 25) VII 159, A VIII 137, C IX 307. nacion n. race, nation C XVIII 101. [AF] nadde v. pa.t.Ssg. had not XIV 96. [OE nefde\ 1133! see NO3T. nay adv. no III 175, 230, A IV 91, VI 22, C XVI 179, XIX 7; negatively, to the contrary A VIII134. [cp. OI nei\ nailed v. pa.t. pi. nailed XVIII 51, C XX 51. [OE rueglian] nailes n. pi. 1. fingernails III 191, XX/XXII 226, A VII 55, C VI 140. 2. nails XVIII 51, C XX 51. [OE ruegt] naked adj. naked XII 161, C XIX 58; illclothed, destitute VI 223, A VII 209; as coll. n. VI 15, A VII 14, C XIII 84. [OE nacod] nale see ALE. namen. 1. name III 3, VIII 72, A III 48, 1X63, C I 4 , II 17; pi. Ill 31, A III 30, C III 34; designation Pr 107, XI 207, XV 26, A V 140, C III 402, XVI 188; title XV 495, 528, C III 114, XVII 278; pi. XV 41, 510, C XVI 207. 2. reputation V 259, XIII 289, C VI 26. 3. w. hieratic force in adjuration on pe hei3e ~ I 73, A I 71, C I 70. [OE nama] namely, namliche adv. especially, in particular II 146, V 259, 571, A VI 58, C V I 9 6 ; specifically XIV 240, C XVII 292; that is to say XX/XXII 196. [ME.] For VI 53, VII 90, A VII 48, VIII 168 see MANLICHE. nappe v. fall asleep V 386, C VII 2. [OE hnappian] naroos see ARISE. narwe adv. closely XIII 370. [OE nearu] nas see BEN; nat, nau3t see NO3T. nauhte adj. worthless, base C XVII 75. [OE ndht] nauele«. navel XIV 243, C XVI 83. [OE nafela] Na3areth, Nasareth n. Nazareth XV 494, XIX/XXI 137. neadv. not Pr 177, 210, II 142, All 106, V 6, C I 149, XIV 155; in emph. double neg. Ill 323, VI 180, 1X192, A V 1 0 1 , 143, C I 154, 179(1), III 85; w. advers. force that ... ne but rather III 33, V 152, 451, A III 32, VI 39, C III 36, VI 284, XI 183. [OE] ne conj. in neg. contexts or, nor Pr 130, 179, 137, A III 50, VI 116, VIII 55, C

Pr 196, III 204, 476; w. various corr. nor: e.g. ~ ... neiper VIII 121; ~ neiper . . . ~ XIV 172, CVI90; neiper...- Ill 315; neiper ... ~ ... ~ XV 256, C III 294; neuere ... ~ Pr 203, A I 101; neuere no ... ~ A III 174; ~ ... no3t ~ ... ~ XV 165; nat ... ne ... neiper V 184; none ... ne ... 110113! A VII47. [OE] necessaries n. necessities of life XX/XXII 249. [AF necessaire] neddres n. gen. adder's V 86. [OE n<eddre] See ADDRE. nede n. 1. force of circumstance, need V 254, XI 432(2) A VI 57, C IX 316; pers. X 343, XI 432(1), XX/XXII 9, 46(1), C XIII 239; (occasion of) necessity XIII 401, C VI 428; nan/hap/ haue/hadde ~ need(ed) (to do sthing) XVI 67, XX/XXII 318. 2. pi requirements, needs XX/XXII 55; sg. in expr. at ~ as required 118, A I 18, C I 52; when need arose V 27, A V 27, C V 129; in bad times VI 119, A VII 111, C X 189; when you need her most XI 29, C X I 188; time of peril III 245, XVIII 399, C XX 442. 3. lack of means, destitution VI 254, VIII 87, XX/XXII 37(1), A VII 228, C IX 67; pers. XX/XXII 4, 10; hap/haue ~ is/are destitute VII 67, A VIII 69, C I X 6 3 ; withoute ~ in comfort C XVI 20. [OE ned, neod] nede adv. necessarily, of necessity III 226, XX/XXII 46(2), A III 213, C XIII 37. [OE nede] nedeful, nedful, nedfol, neodefole, nidefole, niedfole adj. necessary, needful I 21, XI 78, XIX/XXI 20, A I 21; needy, in distress C IV 121, XIX 241, C IV 121; as n. people in distressed circumstances C XIII 77. [fr. n.] nedes adv. of necessity, necessarily XVIII 399, XX/XXII 37, C XI 231, XII 215. [fr. nede adv.] nedep v. 1. pr.t. sg. (sthing) is necessary, is needed XI 210, XV 576, C IX 164; pa.t.sg. XVII 33, C XIX 34; w. dat. of ref. pr.t. VI 209, IX 88, A XI 50, 190, C V20, VIII 148; pa.t. XV 160, C XVII 18. 2. trans, pr.t.3sg. needs, has need of, requires XVII 165; pi C IX 57; pa.t.Ssg. XV 291; pi. XV 222, C XVI 347, XIX 235. 3. intr. pr.t.Ssg. is needy, in distress C XVIII 13; pi CIX71, XII

144

Glossary

nedep - newe

ne ~ ... ne V 125, C VI 90; ne ~ ... ne ... ne XIII 161, C XV 163; ~ ... ne ... ne ... ne ... ne XII 203-04, C XIV 142; between verbs ~ ne C I 176. [as adv.] nekke n. neck Pr 178, C P r l l 4 ; pi. Pr 161, C Pr 180; ~ hangyng head thrust forward V 136. [OE hnecca] nel, nelle, neltow see WILLEN. nempne, nemne, nemnie v. 1. specify, name I 21, A I 21, C I 21; pa.t.3sg. XX/XXII 256; pp. XX/XXII 261; pa.t.3sg. put up V 320, A V 169, C VI 377; pp. designated XVI 203. 2. pr.t. pi. call, name VII 159, A VIII 137; pp. II 179, 1X55, A XI 107; pr.t.pl. call (by some designation) XV 140; pa.t.Bsg. XIX/XXI 137; pp. IX 112, A X 135. 3. pa.t.pl. nominated V 330, A V 179, C VI 388. 4. pa.t.Bsg. called, addressed XI 322. 5. pa.t.3sg. ~ to name gave names to XV 38, C XVI 200. 6. utter, pronounce XVI 19, XIX/XXI 20. [OE nemnan] nempnynge ger. conferment, assigning IX 81. [fr. v.] neptalym n. Nephtali in Palestine (Is. 9.12) XV 494, C XVII 261. ner adj. comp. nearer A XI 258. [OE near] nere see BEN, NEUERE. nerhande adv. almost, nearly XIII 1, C X V I . [ME] nese n. niece, kinswoman C V 176. [AF nece] nest(e) «. nest XI 349, C XIII 159, 160; pi. XI 345, C XIII 156. [OE] neste see WITEN. neuelynge, niuilynge prp. in phr. - w. be nose grimacing V 136, C VI 104. [cp. OE knifol] neuere, nere adv. 1. at no time, never Pr 188, 1103, A II 116, 158, C I 152, II 28. 2. emph. neg. ever, never in any way, by any means, not at all Pr 12, IV 93, V289, 1X81, A IV 80, X 89, 96, C III 256, 297, IV 89; emph. w. v. in subj. and adv. ~ so however, no matter how, III 270, VIII 32, A IX 28, C III 423, XVI 170. [OE ruefre] never(e)moore adv. emph. never again, henceforward XI 103, XIV 71, C III 321, XVI 78. [ME] new adj. new V l l l , XVII 33, A V 9 1 , CXV1II264; newly threshed VI 299, A

117; impers. hym ~ he has need X 64. [fr. n.] nedy, ne(e)de adj. in need, in want VI 223, VII 48, A XI 244, C VIII 288, IX 47, 176; hard up XIV 134; superl. VII 71; so- in such straits XX/XXII 50; without belongings XX/XXII 49; free of possessions XX/XXII 38; as coll. n. the poor, the destitute VI 15, VII 68, XX/XXII 37(2), A VIII 70, C IX 64. [fr. n.] nedle n. needle I 157, C XIV 105. [OE nedl] nedlere, nedlare n. pedlar of needles V 310, A V 161, C VI 365. [fr. n.] neer, ner(e) adv. nearly VI 178, A VII 163; almost C IX 265, XVIII 178; comp. nearer XX/XXII 232, C XIX 64. [OE near] neer, ner prep, near to VI 299, XVI 69, XVIII 172, A VII 283; comp. XVI 69. [fr. prec.] neet n. ox XIX/XXI 266. [OE neat] neghen v. go near XVII 61; pa.t.Ssg. approached, came XX/XXII 232; impers. pa.t.Ssg. ~ neer/nei3 drew on to, approached VI 299, XX/XXII 4, A VII 283, C VIII 321. [OE cp. neh, neah adj.] ne3ebore, nei3ebour n. neighbour V 93, XIII 363, A V 7 3 , C VI 269, XVI 131; pi V257, C V I 9 8 ; fellow Christian C XV 112; pi. V 564, A VI 51, C IX 71; fig. XVI 42. [OE neahgebur] mi') adj. 1. near V 93, A V 7 3 ; close XII 93; intimate XIV 273. 2. imminent, instant XI 213. [OEneah] nei3, neyh, ny adv. nearly, almost III 145, XVI 29, A III 134, C III 183; wel ~ XIV 114, C XV 290. [OE neah] nei3, neyh, ney prep, near XX/XXII 4, C VIII 296, XX 290. [OE neah] neyhele v. approach C XIX 60. [ME fr. neighen] neiber, nober pron. neither (of two) XI 315, C XIII 127; hir ~ neither of them IV 33, C X 272; of neither C III 366. [OE ndwper and cp. eegfrer] neiber, noyther(e), nother adv. either, nor moreover V 184, VIII 121, A IX 111, C X 117, 186, XI 44. [as prec.] neiber, noyther, nober conj. in neg. contexts or C X 187, XVI 292; as corr. neither: e.g. ~ ... ne IV 130, A III 58, C Pr36; ~ ... ne ... ne V 416, C III 468;

145

newe - nombre

Glossary

VII 283, C VIII 321; afresh, renewed C XIII 20; recently trained, modern XV 373; fig. newly established XVII 75, C XIX 74; -feire a game of forfeit V 320, AV169, C VI 377; as n. XIX/XXI273. [OE neowe] newe adv. newly II 164, A II 128; anew XVI 132, C V 179, XX 42; at once, immediately V 474, A V 248, C VI 328. [fr. adj.] nexte, nexst adj. 1. nearest V 564, XIII 372, A VI 51, C VI 269, VII 211. 2. next (in sequence) XIII 154. [OE nehst] next adv. next time A VII 155. [fr. adj.] next prep. fig. immediately beside XX/XXII 35; most intimate w., closest to I 204, XVII 291, C XVIII 97, XIX 272. [fr. prec.] nyce, nise adj. wanton XVI 33, C XVIII 37. [AF nice] nygardrc. miser XV 140, C XIX 241. [cp. OSc *hniggw] nyghtcomeris, nyhtecomares adj. nocturnal grave-robbers XIX/XXI 144. [ME] nigromancie n. sorcery, black magic X 218, A XI 161. [AF] ny3t, nyht n. night, nighttime Pr 197, XVI 166, C IV 47, XVIII 178; pi. XX/XXII 196, C IX 78; darkness XVIII 208, C XX 215; in phr. ~ olde leftover, cooked the day before VI 308, A VII 292, C VIII 330. [LOEniht] nymen v. 1. take XX/XXII 20; pa.subj. 2sg. XX/XXII 9; pick XVI 68, C XVIII 84. 2. receive XI 291, C XIII 105; imp.sg. accept VI 42, A VII 41, C VIII 40. 3. get possession of XV 160, C XVI 294; pr.subj.sg. C III 392; dishonestly encroach on XIII 372, C VI 269; pr.t.pl. acquire in bribery C II 142. 4. pp. taken away, removed XI 213. 5. ~ into admit to C III 403; ~ in give shelter to X 61, A XI 47; pr.t.Ssg.fig. ~ v p picks up XI 432, C XIII 239. 6. pp. overpowered XX/XXII 46; made captive XVI 161. 7. ~ hede pay attention XI 322; pr.t.Ssg. takes note XV 373, C XVII 109; pr.subj.pl. C IX 71; imp.pl. VI 15, A VII 14, C XI 244. [OE niman] nyne num.adj. nine 1121, C XIX 60. [OE nigon] nynyue, nyneue n. Niniveh XV 494, C XVII 189, 261.

nynj)e, nythe num. adj. ninth XIV 316, C XVI 150. [OEnigojw] nyppe, nype n. forbidding mountainous region XVIII 164, C XX 167. [OE *hnipa] nyppynge prp. biting C VI 104. [MDu niperi] nyste see WTTEN. nithynge n. contemptible miser C XIX 241. [LOEnifing] no,nnadj. no, not any Pr 197, 19, A I 87, 132, C I 8 5 , 116; in double neg. any Pr 30, III 16, A III 174, 271, C III 17, 214. [OE nd, no] no, naadv. no 1209, II 202, V 283, A III 98, IX 66, C II 216, III 492. [OE nd, no adv.] noble n. gold coin worth one third of a pound sterling III 45, V 247, A III 44, C XVII 200; pi. X 295, C III 392. [AF] noble adj. notable, illustrious XIX/XXI 50. [AF] noe«. Noah IX 134, AX 165, C X 178. no3t, 00031, nau3t\, nauht(e) n. nothingness V481, XI 300, XIV 96, A X 142, C II 142, III 201. [OE ndwiht, ndht, ndwiht, noht] nojt, nou3t, nau3t, nat pron. nothing VI 151, 223, VII 91, AV234, VII 229, C Pr 214, XI 28; after neg. anything IV 54, XII 165, A XI 258, C IV 57; w. v. of evaluation IV 37, XVII 36, XX/XXII 155, C VIII 159, IX 303; at ~ C IX 304; ri3t ~ nothing whatever VI 148, C XVII 42; feblere ban ~ worthless I 186, A I 160, CI182. [as prec.] 1103!, nou3t, na3t, nau3t, not, nat adv. not Pr29, 38, 138, V 430, APr29, 125, C Pr31, 77, V82. [as prec.] noy, noye«. distress, suffering X61, A XI 47. [AF nui, nouy] noyen, nuye v. harm, distress V 574, A VI 61, C VII 221; pp. II 20, A V 73, C II 19; pa.subj.sg. made trouble for III 281, A III 259, C III 434; pp. was no3t ~ came to no harm III 189; pr.t.pl. afflict II 127, A II 91. [AFnoyer] noise n. loud sound, noise XVI 77, C XVIII 109; clamour and commotion C XVIII 178. [AF] nok n. oak in phr. atte/at be ~ V 199, A V 115. [OE dc, EME atte ~ for at pen ac] nombre v. count I 116; pa.t.Ssg. fixed

146

nombre - o

Glossary

noumbre, nombre n. 1. number (by count) XX/XXII 265; company, number C III 403. 2. grammatical number C III 337, 395; fig. X 245, C III 347, 358. 3. natural proportion, harmony XX/XXII 255, 270; out of ~ disproportionately XX/XXII 269, C XIII 6. 4. muster roll XX/XXII 259. [AF] noumbrede see NOMBRE v. nounpere, noumper(e) n. umpire, arbitrator V 330, A V 179, C VI 388. [AF nounpier, nompere] nounpower, nownpower n. weakness, ineffectually XVII 316, C XIX 296. [AF nounpouer] noupe, nowpe adv. at this time VI 205, XI 364, A VII 191, C VIII 211, XIII 174; just now C II 15; this very moment XVII 299, C VI 171; nowadays X 49, A XI 35, C XVII 108; w. modal emph. now XIII 183, C VIII 298, XIX 246. [OE nu PO\ now n. this present occasion, this moment V 536, A VI 24, C VII 181. [fr. adv.] now, nowe adv. 1. at the present time, this moment, now III 183, V 69, VI 167, A V 52, VII 152, C VI 100, VIII 219; at this point V 135, 296, A III 1, V 146, C VIII 221; nowadays 1X159, X 17, 279, A XI 17, 61, 211, C XI 33, 74; just now, a moment ago XVII 35, XVIII 224, A XI 87, C XIX 36, XX 233. 2. at one time ... at another C V 51. [OE nu] now conj. now that I 208, V 144, VI 83, A I 182, C XII 26; w. modal emph. II 40, V260, VI 117, A VII 156, C II 207, VI 253; intro. imp. or exhortation V 182, VI 212, A VII 261, C VI 164, XVIII 226; invocation or prayer I 209, II 50, A VII 69, XII 110, C VI 61; imprecation II 116, X 135, A II 80, C II 120, 129; a question VII 179, A VIII 157. [as adj.] nowadaies adv. in our time, nowadays X 51, A XI 37, CXI 59. [ME] nowher, nawher adv. nowhere II 220, A II 179, C II 230. [OEndhwzr] nulle see WILLEN.

the number of XX/XXII 256. [AF nombrer] nome see NYMEN. nones «.(!) noon, the noon meal V371, C VI 429; midday, noontime VI 145, C VIII 196. [AF] nones n.(2) in phr. for Jie ~ for the occasion A II 41. [EME ]>en anes] nonne n. nun V 153, C VI 128; pi. VII 29, A VIII 31. [OEnunne] noon, noone, noen, non n. midday, noon V 377, XV 283, A VII 135, C II 103, VIII 274. 2. the midday meal C VIII 288. [OEnon] noon, non(e), noen pron. of living creatures none, no one VI 319, X 61, XI 337, A VII 300, C IV 124, VI 37; as pi. none I 191, X 463, A XI 291, C I 187, XIII 187; hir ~ neither one XII 161, C XIV 105; of objects, concepts etc. II 10, 146, VII 19, A l l 110, XI 231, C III 62; as pi. 121, XV 97, A I 21, C I 21. [OEnan] noon, non, non(e), noen adj. no, not one, not any 1120, 127, III 86, A I 116, III 75, C I 154, III 204; ~ ooper no one else VIII 120, C XIX 200; nothing else I 88, V 294, A VI 122, C VI 127, 298. [OE nan] noot see WITEN. nor conj. nor V 631; or V 421. [ME] norissep, norischeth v. pr.t.Ssg. feeds, nourishes XV 467; fosters, encourages XVI 33, C XII 234. [AF noriss (norir)} normandie n. Normandy III 189, A III 176. north n. the northern region XVIII 164, C 1118. [fr. adj.] north adj. northern C XVIII 66. [OE *nor]p\ northerne adj. of the north, northern C I 115. [OE norperne] northfolk n. the county Norfolk V 236. nose«. nose IV 164, V 136, A IV 140, C VI 104. [OEnosu] notarie n. official recorder XV 32, C XVI 192; pi. scribes authorized to draw up and authenticate legal documents II 127, 143, A II 78, 110, C II 142; gen. sg. XX/XXII 272. [AF] note n. 1. song XVIII 408; pi C X 65; tune, melody XVIII 423, C XX 466; singing voice C XIV 180. 2. pi impressions, perceptions C I 1 1 8 . [AF]

O o, oo num. adj. one II 30, IX 148, XVII 141, A II 69, C XI 152, XVII 126; a single, one single 1101, III 238, 1X114, 147

o - offyn

Glossary

A III 265, VIII 93, CIII 398, 474; one and the same V 591, XI 200, A VI 78, C XIII 34, XVIII 20; only one XVII 39; one particular XIII 68, XX/XXII 245, C XVIII 62; That ~ the first XIX/XXI 86. [OE on num.] o see ON. obedience n. 1. the vows taken by a member of a religious order XII 37, C IX 223; observance of monastic vows XIII 285. 2. moral obligation C IX 221, 236; canonical prescription C IX 242. [AF] obediencer n. authorized subordinate C V 91. [AF] obedient adj. observant of monastic vows C V 147; compliant, obliging A XI 191. [cf. prec.] ocupie v. refl. work, be active XVI 196, C XVIII 205; pp. busy, occupied V 402, C VII 18. [&f occupier} of prep. I . indie, origin or source of, from Pr6, 128, 216, III 222, V 86, APrl07, I 70, II 21, 158, C I 151, II 137, III 146; is ~ proceeds from X 244(2); was ~ derived from XVI 205, C XVIII 217; are ~ me owe origin to me XVIII 329, C XX 372; of action 120, 122, A VII 118, C I 20, II 136. 2. indie, material or substance of Pr 168, II 182, A Pr 84, II 12, C I 150, III 23. 3. indie, concern, applicability about, w. regard/respect to, for Pr 100, 153, 1152(2), 184, III 314, IV 37, A I 9, III 61, IV 137, C I 45, II 27, III 109, VIII 133, X 258; against XX/XXII 299; in the case of XX/XXII 267; to V471, A X 185, C VI 325; ~ pointes in detail XIII 354; ~ hyraself in itself XIV 283; of Pr 3, 16, A I 3, 57, 110, C I 84, III 159, 168; w. noun, marking obj. gen. of Pr61, 220, 127, A Pr26, 114, 67, C Pr 99, 1155, 199; at XI4, CXI 164; to IV 140, A IV 123, C IV 137; marking subj. gen. Ill 191, 194, IV 65, XIV 270(1), A Pr 94, II 78, IV 192, CIII 495, VI 177, VII 97 4. indie, topic of, about Pr38, 111, III 65, A IV 10, VII 46, C Pr 12, I 123, V 5. 5. indie, possession of P r l l 3 , 161, II 153, A III 88, VII 75, CIII 127, 251; indie, affiliation or local connexion Pr 177(2), II 63, III 63, A II 45, 62, III 124, C II 63, 91, III 141; otherwise particularizing 1198, III 66, 201(1), VI 221, VII 178, A Pr 90, 91, II 77, C I 200, III

207, 243, 433. 6. partitive w. words of class, category, quantity, degree of Pr 18, 62, 17, 126, III 40, 327, A II 127, III 1, IV 10 C Pr 80, 125, III 466, XV 284; w. v. some of VI 96, 262, XIII 53(1), A IV 61, VII 246, C VIII 284; any of V 274, VI 148, XI 393, C VI 414; from I 182, A I 156, C I 178. 7. as compl. ofv. about V 114, A V 94; at IV 19, V 407, C VII 22; for I 79, V 446, VI 127, A V218, C VI 16; of VIII 3, XI 316, A I 47(1), C X 3 ; (up)on II 195, III 59, A II 156, CV166; with XI 209, A XII 109; ~ myn assent in agreement IV 187; ~ ... counseil privy w. II 139, A II 103, C XVI 361; w. v. of release or severance of Pr 71, IV 29, 50, XIV 195, A III 43, C I 98, III 95, XVIII 121; from V 3, A V 203, C Pr 217(2); amenden ~ correct V 479, C VII 121; cessen ~ stop VII 122. 8. indie, agency by II 119, 219, III 275, X 332, A XI 294, 298, C V 84, X 173, 307; ~ hymsulue spontaneously C XVII 49; indie, means with III 84, VI 248, XIII 42, A III 73, CX84, 87; by means of I 18, X 390, XIX/XXI 32(2), A I 18, C XII 109; on the grounds of X 348, XIV 260, C XVI 100; on XIV 43(1), C XV 241; through XIV 294, C IX 215, XX 431. 9. indie, physical motion from XVII 67, XVIII 55, C XIX 66. 10. temporal ~ al a/pe wike for a whole week VI 256, A VII 240. 11. in descriptive phr. ~ crafty werk skilfully made Pr 162, C Pr 181; fig. ~ grete vertues highly nutritious XIV 37; ~ age mature XX/XXII 159. [OE of\ of adv. off II 202, V319, XIV 191, A IV 140, CVI13, 149, XVI 122. [as prec.] offendenpr.t. pi. sin against XVII 285, C XIX 266. [AFoffendre] office n. 1. employment VI 197, A VII 184. 2. official position, position of authority A XI 195; pi. Ill 100. 3. daily reading of the Breviary XV 386. [AF] officers, offeceres n. retainers, official servants XX/XXII 258; administrative officers CIV 195. [AF] official n. bishop's chancellor presiding over the consistory court, canon law judge XX/XXII 137; pi. II 174. [AF] offyn n. Ophni (1 Kings 4) X 287, C Pr 107.

148

offrede - one

Glossary

108, A IV 128, VIII 90. 2. of point of rest upon, on 1X141, X 318, XI 248, XVIII 49, A X 172, CXI 111; of object of action on II 198, III 199, IV 22, 122, A V 2 1 5 , VII 173, C P r l 0 6 , III 96, VI 67, 157; at IV 152, V 133, XI 84, A V 8, C VII 57, 302; to V 443(2), XI 70, XVII 335, C VI 111, VII 304; fig. leye ~ belabour XIII 146(1), C XV 146(1); of adjuration on 173, A I 71, C I 70; of imprecation II 116, A II 80, C III 95; do it ~ call to witness I 86, A I 84, C I 82. 3. indie, object of attention or scrutiny at Pr 9, XI 85, 318, A VII 173, C XIII 173; on, upon I 167, II 5, A V 233, VIII 130, C VI 284, 1X318; about VII 173, VIII 118, A IX 108; toward, to C IV 67, 106; penke ~ have in mind, am mindful of V 404, A VIII 151, C XII 52, 91; loke ~ consult C VI 302; regard, take note of XVIII 386, C XX 428; face, confront XVIII 405; biholdest ~ give attention to VII 143, A VIII 125; of direction of attitude on I 70, 171, A V 241, C IV 95. 4. indie, direction: of effect on X 280; of address at XIII 86, XVIII 39, C XI 161; to a topic or subject about II 229, X43, XI 250, A X 116, C IV 31, VI 52; on VI 22; of expenditure or waste on V 373, XIX/XXI 353; through XV 128. 5. pleonastic C III 251; ~ cros wise by crucifixion XIX/XXI 142; wepide ~ tearfully appealed to A IV 60; ~ oure lord on the authority of our Lord A XI 264; on hy in a loud voice A XII 27; in heaven C II 137. [OE on] on adv. on VI 59, A VII 291, C VIII 58, 329; at XIII 294, C X 259, XVIII 54; away VI 184, A VII 172, C VIII 180; in XVII 27, C XIX 228; as defining adju. Ill 85, VII 57, XV 191, XX/XXII 114, A III 74, C III 84, XIII 154. [as prec.] ondynge ger. emulation XIV 56, C XV 255. [OEandung] one, oone post. adv. only, alone XIII 125, XIV 333, C V 5 2 , XVI 215; solely XV 210, XIX/XXI 122, C XVI 374; merely 1X37, XI 299, C XIII 113; uniquely I 172, A I 146, C III 144; myn/here ~ alone VIII 63, A IX 54, C XI 198; separately, by herself C XX 316. [OE ane] one see OON.

offrede v. 1. pa.t.3sg. presented in worship XIX/XXI 87; pi. XIX/XXI 75; pp. XIX/XXI 94. 2. intr.pr.L3sg. makes a contribution C XIII 97; pa.t.pl. XIII 197. [AF offrir} offryng ger. offertory XIX/XXI 4; payment (of a tithe) C VI 300; pi. pious gifts C XVII 43. ofgon v. earn by effort IX 109. [OE ofgdn] ofrau3te v. pa.t.Ssg. carried off by force XVIII 9. [ME ofrcecan] ofsente v. pa.t.Ssg. sent for III 102, A III 91. [OEofiendan] ofte, often adv. many times, on many occasions, often II 20, III 82, IV 156, A II 193, C II 188, III 90, 201; comp. XI 50, XVIII 380, C VI 274; repeatedly XII 10, 172, CVI118, VII 62. [OE oft} ofte adj. frequent, repeated XIII 404. [fr. adv.] ofwalked adj. worn out w. walking C Pr 7. [fr. v.] oillew. oil XVII 72, C XIX 71. [AF] oke see AKEI>. okes«. pi. oak trees V 18, A V 18, C V 120. [OEac] old, oold, oelde adj. 1. old (in years) VI 83, VII 100, A X 187, C VI 193, IX 215; adult, grown up XVIII 8, C XX 7; ~ elde advanced old age XII 8; be ~ the venerable X 249, A XI 72, C XI 285; the patriarch C XIX 109; as coll. n. old folk IX 205, C X 304. 2. not new, old XIX/XXI 273, 426; of the old dispensation XVIII 17, C XX 15; ~ lawe Mosaic Law XI 205, XII 113, C XVII 71, XVIII 221; by ~ tyme in bygone days XII 236. 3. w. contextual sense habitual, besetting C VI 188; experienced C VI 189; long-standing C XVII 232. [OEdld] on, o prep. 1. of position, place on Pr 5(2), 14, 165, APr88, 1126, V I 1 3 , C II 29, 133; fig. VIII 121, A IX 111, CX 117; in Pr 67, 1149, II 207, A I 42, C II 57, XIII 159; w. hand on, by 199, A I 97, C I 103; of support or carrier on I 68, 79, II 165, XVI 58, A II 3, C II 183, III 93, VI410;y/g. Ill 181, C III 227; ~ bones yede was alive and active XVIII 305, C XX 337; of time or occasion on, in Pr 5(1), V 397, XVIII 42, A V 14, C VIII 349, X 268; by C XVI 143; of language in IV 145, VII 149

ones - ordeyne

Glossary

ones, oones, onys adv. on one occasion, once II 230, III 338, A VII 66, C VIII 76; a single time, once Pr 214, V 74, XV 8, A Pr 87, C XX 422; even once IV 86, XII 206, A IV 73, C XIII 10; ever XVIII 148, C XX 151; only, just once V 601, A VI 88; as n. A VII 137; one time, once XIX /XXI 388; once upon a time XV 230, XX/XXII 343, C XVI 355; at ~ at the same time, together Pr 146, V 163, X 417, A XII 55, C XIII 32, 141; on the same occasion XIX/XXI 94; w. one voice, in unison V 508; in unchanging concord XV 485; emph. in conditional clause once C XX 420; in a Monpe ~ in a single/mere month III 145, A III 134, CIII 183. [OEdnes] oon, on, oen, o pron. one (of a number) XI 118, XV 50, XVI 183, A I 23, VI 106, C II 127, VI 385, VII 292; a member C IX 212; someone XI 27, 320, 410, A XII 62, C V 10, XII 75, XX 8; person, individual XIV 267, XX/XXII 343, C VI 27, VII 299; an entity XV 13; a single entity XVII 154, C XIX 129; a particular one VIII 108, A IX 91, CX101; bi his ~ independently XVI 183. [OE an} oon, on, oen num. adj. one II 105, XII 176, A XI 227, CIII 314, XIV 116; one single III 289, VII 200, 321, XIX/XXI 399, C X 191; one and the same III 318, X 246, XIII 210, C VI 181, XIII 34, XIX 152; a certain II 41, IV 27, A IV 24, CII25, 44, XVI 320. [OE an} oonly, only adj. in phr. ~ crist peerless Christ XIX/XXI 117. [OE dnlUc] oonliche, oenliche, onelyche adv. only XI 145, CXVI 155; excepte/saue ~ IX 144, XX/XXII 61, C X 232, XII 29. [OE dnlic] oost see HOOST. oober, ober, ouber pron. second I 24, XI 14, A VIII 14, C XIV 107; any other C VI 42; anything else C V 189; another (person) XI 214, C IX 89, XVI 307; noon ~ no one else VIII 120, A IX 110, C X 116; nothing else I 88; anything else VI 180; (an)other, the other: w. corr. ech/vchon X 310, C VI 122; w. eiber V 149, VII 144, A X 179, C III 338, VI 149; w. euery X 368, C XII 118; w. oon XVIII 65, C XIII 36; w. noon X 81, C XIII 145; other sort V 402; coll. pi. others, other people X 276, XIII 117,

CVI20, 1X152; each other XVII 29, A XI 191, C XIX 98; others (as well) II 112, XX/XXII 6, AV163; other matters IV 10, A IV 10, C IV 10; (additional) other instances IV 136, A IV 119, C IV 133; the others, the rest XII 258, A Pr 53, CPr54; others (of a similar order) II 182, X401, A XI 250, C III 498, XVII 12; others (of a different order) II 160, III 115, A VIII 85, C Pr 225; anything else IX 155; other activities XX/XXII 208. [OE of>er, dhwrfer] oober, othur adj. (a) second XII 215, C XVI 164; any other I 9, XIII 366, A I 9, C I 9, XIII 190; another XI 194, A XI 146; other (sort of) III 90, V 436, A VI 68, C II 13; other, additional V 157, XI 246, XIV 150, A VI 16, XII 101, C VIII 116, X261; different XIII 54, in any other state V 128, A V 105, C VI 93. [OE offer} ooberwise, ober(e)wise adv. in some other way C V 81; in another way of life C XII 228; ~ ban contrary to what III 275, C III 428; in any other way than V 565, A VI 52, C VII 212; w. neg. ~ ... but in no other fashion except VIII 110, A IX 100, CX106; nothing else except that C XVI 277; differently XIII 278, XVII 177, CVI31, XIX 142. [OE ofre wisan] ope see VP. opene v. open Pr 106, C VII 249; imp.sg. XX/XXII 348, C II 135; intr. pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 249, C XX 258; pi XVIII 322, C XX 365. [QEopenian} or adv. corr. ~ ... ~ sooner ... than XIV 217, C XVI 58; ~ longe er/or a long while before XIII 388, C VI 277. [cp. OI or} or conj. or: joining alternates Pr 154, 168, A III 51, 56, C III 142, 245; joining more than two possibilities Pr 171, II 77, A III 59, V69, C IV 129, V 12-13; balancing opposites III 319, VIII 130, A II 59, C VI 126, XI 198; impl. consequence or else V 589, XVI 268, A VII 151, C VIII 142, 163; emph. -ellis I 53, V 386, C I 49; unless VI 231, XIV 144, A III 230, C VIII 237; corr. ~ ... ~ either ... or VII 94, C IX 170. [OE red. fr. ofer] ordeyne, ordeigne v. 1. make provision for XIX/XXI 320; intr. pa.t.Ssg. gave 150

Glossary

ordeyne - outward

guidance X 250. 2. pa.t.lsg. established X 220; 3sg. founded C XVII 16; pi. instituted Pr 119. 3. pa.t.Bsg. decreed C V 55, X 219; pp. appointed, foreordained A XII 90, C III 241. 4. imp.sg. build, construct XIX/XXI 318. [AF ordener] ordre n. order of knighthood (implying a charge, commitment) 1 104, A VII 151; rule of conduct C I 97; religious order XV 289, CIII 54, 1X212; pi. Pr 58, A Pr55, C VIII 191; contemptuous VI 72, XIII 284, C VIII 73; pi. ordination to the priesthood, priestly standing XI 290, C XIII 104. [AF] organye, orgene n. organ music XVIII 8, C X X 7 . [fr. AF organe] orientals n. sapphires of the eastern variety, red sapphires, rubies? II 14. [AF oriental adj.] orysones n. pi. prayers, religious devotion C XVIII 158. [AF orison] osanna n. the sung hosanna in the antiphons for Palm Sunday XVIII 8, C XX 7. [L and AF hosanna] oseye, osay n. Alsace Pr229, A P r l 0 7 , C Pr233. [AF osey] otes, hote n. oats IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61; oaten flour, oatmeal VI 282, C VIII 304; asadju. A VII 179. [OE ate] oper, ooper, ou|jer conj. or V 32, XIII 213, 297, A II 155, C Pr 185; or else XIII 329, XIV 74; ~ ellis otherwise A I 51; corr. w. ~ ... or either III 306, A VII 232, C XIII 48. [OEdfer, dhwrfer] opergates adv. in other circumstances IX 195, A X 209, CX294. [ME] operwise see OOMRWISE. opes n. pi. oaths II 70, V 424, A VIII 40, C II 153, VI 34; profane swearing, profanity V 327, X 51, A XI 37, C Pr 36; fig. II 93, XX/XXII 225; A II 64; pers. V 306, A V 157, C VI 361. [OE aft ou3t see AU3T; obtest see OWE. ouhexc/. C XII18. our(e)selue, ouresulue pron. us individually, in particular A VIII 114; our own selves A XI 248, C XIX 41. [ME] out, oute adv. out 1117, IV 186, A 176, C VII 265, IX 147; forth C VI 189; as adju. to v. broken ~ escaped XII 140, C XII 75; cam ~ was revealed, became 151

known XIX/XXI 161; fynden ~ attain to XIII 129; invent C Pr 37; coming upon C III 345; haue ~ liberate, free XVIII 146; rouse C XX 287; holden ~ exclude V 587; putte ~ extend XVII 178, C XIX 143; gave expression to I 127, A I 116; sekep ~ penetrates to XIV 95; spynnen it ~ spin soft yarn C VI 222; tolled/tolde ~ were stretched to V 212, A V 128, C VI 220; wered ~ corrupted to the point of destruction C V 81. [OE ut, ute] outcomen pp. as adj. foreign, from elsewhere XVII 116. [OE utancumen] oute adj. 1. outside C XX 420; not at home, absent XX/XXII 346. 2. known to us XII 144, CXIV 190. [fr. adv.] ouberwhile(s), oberwhile(s) adv. sometimes V 178, 403, VIII 25, A VII 239, C XVI 367; in other instances C X 163; on occasion Pr 164, V 550; when the occasion arises C XVIII 42; from time to time XII 23, XV 182, C V 50, XVI 293; as often as not XIX/XXI 300; at another time XIX/XXI 103. [OE otyerhwile] outlawe n. robber, brigand XVII 105. [OE utlaga] out of prep. phr. 1. forth from, out of II 65, V494, A I 113, CIV 163, VIII 205; of a state or condition free of, from V 229, XII 172, A V 145, C X 52, XVI 4; of direction from XVIII 113, C XX 121; of derivation, source (forth) from IX 114, XV 92, A II 20, X 124, C XIII 176, XV 264. 2. outside of, out (of) IX 122, X304, A XI 210, C VI 183, 184; ~ ~ mesure immoderately C XIII 188; ~ ~ nombre uncountably C XIII 6; ~ ~ reson to excess I 25, A I 25, C VI 435; unduly V 36; excessively XX/XXII 269; foolishly II 85, C II 92; ~ ~ tyme between meals C I 24; at forbidden times C X 288. 3. in defiance of X 25; in violation of C III 203; — skile brynge provoke to anger XIX/XXI 284; falleth ~ ~ fails in C X 42. [ME] outryderes n. pi monks who claim monastic business as a dispensation from claustral rule C IV 116. [ME] outtakeprep. w. the exception of A X 175. [fr. v.] outward adv. in phr. turne pe fayre ~ put a good face on it C IX 85. [OE utweard]

outwit - owene

Glossary

outwit n. physical perception XIII 288. [ME: cp. inwit] ouer prep. 1. (up and) over V 514, XX/XXII 183, 185, A VI 2, C VII 159; across V 475, A XI 203, C IX 159; ~ see abroad IV 129, A IV 112, C VI 278; through C XIII 46; ~ eue(n) overnight C III 308. 2. above (in degree) C XIX 39; (in authority) 1108, XIV 331, A I 106, C III 257, IV 155, in charge of C VII 271, VIII 250; cher ~ concerned w. the welfare of C XVII 148; of ascendancy superior to III 298, V 635, A X 63, C XVII 170; ~ al everywhere IX 56, AII 180, C II 231. [OE ofer] ouer adv. too, over V 184, VI 258, XX/XXII 27, A VII 242, C VI 166; unduly XIII 43, C XV 48; ~ hardy presumptuous C III 299; passe ~ leave the topic XIII 133. [OE ofer] oueral see OVER prep. ouercarke v. overburden w. exactions III 316, CIII469. [ME] ouercomen v. 1. defeat XX/XXII 122; pa.t.Ssg. conquered XV 541, C XVII 203; get the better of X 455, C XI 280; win over IV 82, A IV 69, C IV 78; pa.t.Ssg. dominated XIII 11, C XV 13; pp. C III 431; abs. pa.t.Ssg. was victorious XIX/XXI 161, C XX 112; To be culd and ~ die victorious C XVII 289. [OE ofercuman] ouerdoen v. pr.t.pl. overdo, carry to excess C XIII 190. [OE oferdon} ouergilte pp. gilded XV 124. [OE ofergyldan] ouerhoueb v. pr.t.Ssg. looms over, threatens XVIII 171, C XX 174; pa.t.Ssg. in phr. bat reyn ~ by meton. under the heavens III 208, A III 195. [ME] ouerhuppen/>r. t.pl deliberately omit, skip XIII 68; pr.subj.pl. make omissions, careless errors XV 386, C XVII 118. [ME] ouerleyd pp. as adj. covered over, spread C XII 231. [OE oferlecgan] ouerlepe v. 1. overtake, outrun Pr 200; pa.t.Ssg. Pr 150, C Pr 171. 2. intr. digressed C XX 357. [OE oferhleapan] ouerlonge adj. too long XX/XXII 362; unduly protracted C XVI 365; as n. a longtime XI 222. [ME] ouerlonge adv. unduly long, too long XV

240, XX/XXII 360. ouermaistreb v. pr.t.Ssg. overpowers, prevails over IV 176. [ME] ouermore adv. in addition C IX 157. [ME] ouerplente n. great prosperity C XII 234. [ME] ouerreche v. encroach XIII 373, C VI 270. [ME] ouersen v. 1. supervise VI 113, A VII 105, C VIII 120. 2. pr.t.pl. peruse, read closely X 333; pa.t.Ssg. scanned C XI 113. 3. refl. pp. forgot myself V 371. [OE oferseon] ouerskipped pp. omitted XI 305, C XIII 119. [ME] ouerskipperis n. priests hasty or careless about liturgical precision XI 310, C XIII 123. [MEfr. v.] ouersopped v. pp. eaten too much C VI 429. [ME] ouerspradde v. pa.t.Bsg. extended over XIX/XXI 206. [OE oferspradan] ouertaken v. overtake, catch up w. XVII 85; pp. caught XII 244. [ME] ouerprowe v. 1. capsize VIII 35, A IX 31. 2. destroy, cast down C XVIII 159. [ME] ouertilte, ouertulde pa.t.Ssg. upset, put into disarray, destroyed XX/XXII 54, 135. [ME] ouerturne, ouertorne v. 1. demolish, destroy XVI 131; pa.t.Ssg. upset C XVIII 156. 2. intr. come to grief XV 547, C XVII 209. [ME] ouerturnynge ger. dewstruction C XVIII 162. ouerward adv. on the point of crossing C IV 128. [ME] owe, au3te, ou3te, ouhte v. \.pr.t.lsg. owe V 468, A V 242; pi. XIX/XXI 392. 2. pa.t.Ssg. owned III 68, C III 72. 3. pa. subj. w. pres. sense: sg. have a moral obligation, duty VI 131, A VII 123; pi. XVII 340, C XIX 320; should, ought to Isg. II 28, A II 21, C II 30; 2sg. I 75, A I 73, C I 72; Ssg. C IX 230; pi. XI 158, C III 108; ought properly Ssg. V 121, XI 301, A V 7 1 , C V 6 4 ; pi. XX/ XXII 276; prp. is ~ has a duty IX 69, A X69. [OEagan, dhte] owene, owen, owne, oune poss. adj. after n. own X416, XVII 275, CX176, XII 98; after poss. adj. V 216, VI 200, A VII 152

owene - pampilon

Glossary

C XIX 300; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 195; pp. satisfied XIX/XXI 188, XX/XXII 308; paid in XIX/XXI 389; intr. pr.t.3sg. makes restitution XIX/XXI 194. 4. hand over XIII 380, A IV 61; pp. IV 75, C IV 68; pr.t.Ssg. pays ransom C VII 277; pays bribes (on sbody's behalf) III 137, A III 126, CIII 175. [AFpaier] paiere n. payer (of wages) V 551, A V I 38, C III 306. [ME fr. prec.] payn n. bread VI 150, C VIII 284; food VII 126, XIII 243, A VIII 108, C XV 200; fig. XIV 317, C XVI 151; ~ defaute famine XIII 259. [AF pain] paynym n. pagan XI 163; Saracen V516, A VI 4, C VII 161; pi. XV 504, C XVII 255. [AF paienime] pays n. country, land XVI 159, C XVIII 176. [AFpais] pak«. bundle, pack XIII 201, C XVI 54. [MDu] pakken v. pack, bundle up XV 189; pr.t.3sg. C XVI 332. [fr. n. or AF pakker] paknedle, pakke nedle n. large needle V 210, AV126. [ME] pale adj. pallid V 77, A V 60, C XX 58. [AF] paleis, palays «.(!) palace II 23, A II 18, CII23; pi. VIII 16, C X 1 6 . [AF] paleys, palays «.(2) 1. enclosing wall X 468, A XI 312, C X I 294. 2. close, precinct XIII 29; walled garden XVIII 335, C XX 378. [AF paleis] palfrey, palfray n. smooth-gaited horse II 190, A l l 151; fig. II 171, A l l 135; pi. XIX/XXI 415, CIV 115. [AFpalJrei] pallev. pr.t.lsg. strike XVI 30; 3sg. XVI 51, C XVIII 34. [ME fr. pale n.] palmere, palmare n. pilgrim to the Holy Land V 535, A VI 23, C XV 33; pi. V 107, A V 87, C VIII 63; professional pilgrims Pr 46, A Pr 46, C Pr 47. [AF palmer] palpable adj. tangible, having physical entity CXVII1233. [CF] palsy, palesie n. palsy, fit of tremors V 77, A V 6 0 ; state of paralysis XX/XXII 176. [AF palesie] paltok n. surcoat XVIII 25, C XX 24; pi doublets, tunics XX/XXII 219. [? Breton] pampilon n. Pamplona in Navarre XVII 256, C XIX 222.

187, C XIV 175; XVIII 201; as n. w. contextual sense after poss. pron. Pr 122, III 27, VI 83, X 96, A IX 74, X 75, C III 210. [OEdgen] oxe n. ox XV 467; pi. fig. XIX/XXI 262, 268. [OEoxa] 03135 n. the prophet Hosea XV 574. P

paas, pase n. road through a wooded defile XIV 304, C XVI 139. [AF pas] paast n. pastry XIII 250; dough XIV 29. [AF paste] pacience n. endurance of adversity in submission to divine will X 346, XI 257, C XII 143, XV 277; submission to divine will XIV 10, XVIII 415, A XI 230, C XIII 21, XIV 16; the virtue patience XIII 201, C XV 179; patient forbearance XV 598, C XVII 236; restraint XIV 100; fig. XII 61, XIV 193, 317, XVI 8, XVIII 168, C XV 159, XIX 91; pers. fern. V622, A VI 608, C VII 274; masc. XIII 29, XIV 29, CXV32, XVI 151; as ahorse C II 204. [AF] pacient adj. 1. submissive to divine will in expectation of salvation XIV 102, 260, C XIII 99; asn. C XIII31, XV 276; coll. CIX 179. 2. resolute, steadfast XI 242, C XII 131. 3. restrained, controlled XV 201. [AF] paciently adv. 1. in submission to divine will XI 263, C VI 14, XI 260. 2. w. forebearance C XIX 105; w. calm restraint XIV 36, C XV 246. [fr. adj.] paye n. 1. in phr. to ~ satisfactorily V 549, XI 349, A VI 36, C VII 190, XVI 94; in his ~ w. his goodwill C III 349. 2. wage C III 300; reward C IX 279. [AF] paiement n. payment XX/XXII 364. [AF] paien v. 1. satisfy, content VI 309, A VII 293, C VIII 331; pp. A VII 100, X 117. 2. pay VII 44, C III 350; pr.t.lsg. V 428, C VII 41; pi. XIX/XXI 414; pa.t.lsg. VI 93, A VII 85, C VIII 102; 3sg. Ill 62, V215, A V 1 3 1 , C VI 251; pp. C III 306; make recompense for, reward XI 195. 3. repay XIV 296, C XII 107; pr.t.3sg. C IV 55; pa.t.3sg. XIII 376, C XVI 315; pp. XIII 388, C VI 277; of guilt for sin pay off C VI 299; give satisfaction C XIX 206; of restoring ill-gotten gains XVII 240, XIX/XXI 186, 153

panel - parfitly

Glossary

panel n. list of jurors, jury III 317, C III 470. [AF] panelon n. ornamental trim or facing on a gown or robe III 296, C III 449. [AF panelloun fr. panel] paniers, paniars n. baskets XV 290, C XVII 17. [AF] paniter n. domestic steward w. charge of provisions C XVI 151. [AF paneter] panne n. head IV 78, A IV 64, C IV 74. [OE] pans, panes see PENY. papelotes n. pi. dishes of gruel or porridge CIX75. [MEbutcp. AF pap] paradis n. the Garden of Eden XI 417, C XVI 225; heaven V 495, A VII 109, C IX 12. [AF] parail n. clothing, attire C X 117. [AF apparail] paramours n. 1. loved one, sweetheart C XVI 106. 2. pi. sexual adventures C VI 186. [AF par amour] parauenture, paraunter adv. possibly, it maybe V 639, XIII 134, XIV 208, C IX 181; possibly even C III 467; very likely, it may well be XI 11, XII 183; as it happens XI 423, XX/XXII 234; by chance C VII 297. AF par aventure]. [AF] parceyue, parseyue, parsceyued v. 1. become, be aware, realize XVIII 418, C XX 461; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 69, C XIX 68; pp. V 144; pa.t.lsg. observed, took note Pr 100, C Pr 128; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 243, XIX/XXI 163, C XX 252; pa.t.lsg. noticed XVI 23; 3sg. XIII 354; pr.t.3sg. discerns XV 199; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 86, XVI 103. 2. pr.t.Ssg. senses XVII 153. [AF parcever] parcel, parsel n. part, portion X 64, A XI 50, C XI 46; pi. sections (of a document) XI 305, C XIII 119; a substantial sum of money XX/XXII 292; pi. detailed items C XIII 38; ~ departable separable elements XVII 29. [AF] parcelmele, parselmele adv. 1. in small quantities III 81, A III 70, C III 86. 2. piecemeal, bit by bit XV 246. 3. distinct C XIX 30. [ME] parchemyn n. parchment IX 39; fig. XIV 192. [AF parchemin] pardon, pardoun n. 1. forgiveness of sins obtained by valid sacramental confession X 125, A XI 78. 2. the sacerdotal power

of the sacrament of confession XIX/XXI 183. 3. an indulgence: remission of purgatorial punishment for sins presumed already forgiven II 225, VI 64, A VIII 157, C IX 11, 338; the document supposed to confer this VII 200, A VIII 175, C IX 346. 4. a document of moral dispensation which turns out to be cl. 40 of the Athanasian Creed, in effect an assurance of salvation for righteousness VII 107, 109, A VIII 89, 91, C IX 281, 283. 5. forgiveness of sin VII 115, 174, A VIII 97, C IX 289, 319; the grace of divine leniency in the judgement of the individual soul VII 58, A VIII 11, 59, C IX 8, 43, 60; pers. C IX 280. 6. fig. hir ~ the merit earned for a particular 'work of mercy' XV 183. 7. Piers ~ pe Plowman the contingency of forgiveness of sins of dishonesty upon restoration of ill-gotten gains XIX/XXI 187, 390, XX/XXII 308. [AF] pardoner n. lay fund-raiser w., or claiming, papal authorization to confer remission of punishment in purgatory in return for contributions for a charity Pr 68, 81, A Pr78, C I I 1 1 3 ; / > / . II 222, A II 181, C XVII 61. [AF] pare v. trim, clip the edge of V 240, C VI 242. [AF parer] parentrelynarie adv. between the lines, by interlineation XI 305, C XIII 119. [cp. AF parentre, CF entreligneure] parfay excl. upon my word C XVI 118. [AF parfai] parfit, perfite adj. 1. flawless, absolute III 301, XIV 100, C XV 272; true, real XV 148, XX/XXII 108, C XV 217; excellent C XVIII 102; sinless XI 276, A I 120, C XIII 230; unquestioning X 470, C XI 295. 2. fulfilled, expressed in virtuous living XIV 193, C XVII 266; in a state of grace C V 84, VIII 136; of consummate moral excellence XI 273, XVIII 149, C XII 163, XX 152; morally excellent XI 319, XV 418, 568, XX 108, C XIII 100, XVI 245, XVII 233; comp. XII 24; superl. C XIII 99. 3. powerful, competent XV 588, XVI 107, C XVII 299. 4. authentic XV 584. [AF] parfitly adv. in perfect form XVI 220; righteously C IX 43; correctly, without error V 394; without flaw C XVII 76; to good effect C XIX 137; in a real sense,

154

parfitly - paternoster

Glossary

XI 234, C XII 123. [AF] passenv. 1. go VII 11, A VIII 11, C IX 326; pr.t.3sg. XIV 306, C XVI 141; pa.t. pi. VIII 11, A IX 11, C X 11; travel XV 571, C XVI 140; pp. XIV 99; proceed VI 84, A VII 76, C VIII 93; pr.subj.sg. go in XX/XXII 338; pr.t.pl. go through life 1 7 , A I 7, C I 7; pr.t.3sg. pass, go through C XIII 31; pi. X 469, C XI 295; go free Pr 155, C Pr 175. 2. go away, leave, depart XIII 178, C XV 183; pr.t.pl. A VIII 18, C IX 132; pa.t.3sg. XIII 20; pi. XIII 215; pr.subj.sg. VI 202; pp. C XV 152; ~ ferpere A VII 188; pr.t.Bsg. outgrows A X 73; pp. of time gone by XVIII 133, C XX 136; ago, past Pr 193, XIII 264, C Pr 206, XVI 371. 3. pr.t.Ssg. was waning XX/XXII 199. 4. pa.t.3sg. outrode II 190, A II 151, C II 204. 5. pr.t.Ssg. is superior to, surpasses VII 175, A VIII 153, C IX 320; prp. XIX/ XXI 266; pr.t.3sg. is more efficacious than VII 178, A VIII 156, C IX 324; prp. more than V415, XX/XXII 218. 6. pr.t.Bsg. offends against, fails in respect of I 104, A I 102, C XVII 5; pi. C XV 115. 7; late- ignore V 409; letep ~ effects the release of III 137, A III 126, C III 175; ~ we ouer let us leave the topic XIII 133. [AF passer] passhed, paschte pa.t.3sg. beat violently XX/XXII 100. [?] passion, passioun n. suffering for the faith (as confessor or martyr) XIII 418, C VII 78; hardship, self-imposed mortification XV 270, 515, C X I 259, XVII 266; account of suffering XIII 91, C XV 98; Christ's suffering before and during the crucifixion V 404, XVII 98, A XII 26, C VII 20. [AF] pastours, pastors n. 1. shepherds XII 148, C XIV 92; herdsmen X 466, A XI 310, C XI 292. 2. pastors XV 496, C XVII 192. [AF pastor] patente n. public official or formal document fig. XIV 192, XVII 11, C XIX 12; authorizing text from such a document XVIII 186, C XX 191; letter of indulgence A VIII 178; pi. formal certificates VII 200. [AF patent adj.] paternoster n. 1. the Lord's Prayer V 394, A XI 312, CV46;fig. XIV 49, C XV 247. 2. as part of the Rosary XV

thoroughly, to the full XIII 201, C XVI 340; fully XIX/XXI 194; unreservedly XV 504. [fr. adj.] parfitnesse n. infinite excellence C XVIII 41; perfected righteousness X 205, XVI 135, C XV 183; virtuous conduct C V 90. [fr. adj.] parfournen v. 1. bring about, accomplish XIII 174, CXV 172. 2. pr.Usg. carries out, performs XIII 411, C VII 71; pa.t.lsg. V398, A VI 85, C VII 14; pp. C VI 283; observe C XIII 93; pr.t.pl. XIV 292, C XVI 127. 3. pr.t.Ssg. fulfils, puts into effect XV 326; pi. XV 328. 4. intr. pr.t.3sg. acts, behaves XIII 79, C XV 86. 5. abs. pr.subj.sg. works well CIII 350. [AF parforner] parissh(e), parsch(e) n. parish Pr 82, A Pr 79, C Pr 80; pi. Pr 84, XX/XXII 280, A Pr81, CPr82. [A¥ paroisse] parisshens, parschiens n. pi. parishioners Pr89, CVI120. [AF parissiene] parled v. pa.t.3pl. spoken XVIII 271, C XX 279. [AFparler] parlement n. the king's council in judicial session IV 47, A IV 34, CIV 185. [AF] parlour n. room reserved for daytime use by the master and mistress of a great house X 100. [AF] parroked pp. enclosed, shut in XV 286, C VI 144. [ME: cp. QEpearroc] part n. participation A VIII 8, C IX 175; share, portion XVII 70, C III 246. [AF] partep v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. shares X 64, A XI 50, C X I 46; pi. Pr 81, A Pr 78, C Pr 79; intr. C XVI 258; pr.Usg. I 182, A I 156, C X I 63; pi. C X V 115; pr.subj.pl. C I 178; imp.sg. C VIII 284; prp. XIII 206; -with be sharers of C VIII 144; be a partner C VI 299; pr.t.pl. are taking a share (of the perquisites) V 144. 2. divide, set at odds C V 184. [AF partir] partie, party, partey3e n. 1. part I 7, A I 7, C I 7, III 383; quotation C XV 156; member XV 16, C XVI 168. 2. allied group, side C I 95; pi. C XV 173; faction C III 380; party (concerned in a lawsuit) XVII 308, C XIX 288; pi. Ill 390. 3. pi. partners (to a marriage settlement) XIV 269, C XVI 109. [AF] partyng ger. departure VII 58, A XI 313, CXVI 161. pask(e), pasqe, pasche n. Passover XVI 139, C XVIII 166; ~ wyke Easter week 155

paternoster - peire

Glossary

181, C XVI 323; imposed as penance in confession XIV 197; ~ while the time it takes to say the Lord's Prayer V 341, A VI89, C VI 399. [L] path n. fig. way, course XIV 304, C XVI 139. [OE/»/>] patriark(e) n. 1. an Old Testament'father' XII 115, C XIV 60; of Job XVIII 149, C XX 152; pi. VII 12, A VIII 12, C VII 87; notable Jewish priest, judge of Israel C XIV 60. 2. head of the Eastern Church XIII 166. [AF] patrymonye n. endowments XX/XXII 234; cristes ~ the endowments and property held in trust for Christ by the Church XV 246. [AF patrimoin] patron n. mentor XII 227; pi. persons w. the power of preferment to benefices C V 78. [AF] paulynes, poulynes n. gen. of the consistory court of St Paul's II 109, 178, A II 73, CII113. paunchew. belly XIII 88, C XV 95. [AF pance] pauper n. list of debts outstanding C XIII 38. [AF papier] pauyloun n. large tent, marquee A II 41. [AF paviloun] pawme, paume n. palm of the hand XVII 143, 176, C XIX 118. [AF paume] peccunie n. money, lawyer's fee C III 390. [AF pecunie] pece n. 1. piece VI 309, A VII 293, C VIII 331; fig. XIV 49, C XV 247; pi. fragments CXX61. 2. pi. goblets, cups, plates, tableware III 89, A III 21, 78. [AF] pecok, pocok n. peacock XII 229, C XIII 170; pi. XI 359. [ME: cp. OEpdwa] pedlere n. pedlar, hawker V 255. [ME fr. peddere] peel n. charge, accusation XVII 308. [red. fr. AF appel] peere, pere, piere n. equal (in status, rank) III 205, A XI 197, C IX 307; pi. VII 16, CIX20. [AF] peeren v.(l) appear, show ourselves Pr 173. [AF purer] peeren v.(2) pr.t.pl. become peers of XV 418; pr.t.Bsg. is comparable w. A XII 4. [AF perer] peerhn.pl. pears XVI 71; pere ionettes early-ripening pears C XII 221. [OE pere]

pees n. 1. concord, harmony III 301, XV 427, XIX/XXI 357, C XVII 94, 236; pers. XVIII 412; pe/Cristes ~ a world at peace XV 563, C XVII 228. 2. the internal concord of a nation III 221, A III 208; freedom from molestation or violence XIV 304, XVI 159, C XIII 2; pers. masc. XIV 306; law-abiding conduct IV 47, A IV 52, C IV 50; maken ~ bring about reconciliation C XIII 76, XVII 248; maken his ~ obtain pardon for him IV 64, A IV 50. 3. end to warfare XIII 174, 208, C XVII 87; absence of warfare XI 332, XVIII 228, C XIII 140. 4. silence XIX/XXI 154, C XV 232. 5. spiritual peace, tranquility C XX 190; pers. fern, reconciliation between God and mankind through fulfilment of the Scripture XVIII 168, C XX 175; perpetuel ~ the apocalyptic regeneration promised in Mat. 5.3 C XV 138; Jig. the spiritual condition attained through submission to divine will I 152, A I 137, C I 148, XIV 16; pers. fern. V 622, A VI 108, C VII 274; masc. XX/XXII 298, 330. [AF pes] pehen, pohen n. peahen, female peafowl XII 240, C XIV 174. [ME] peyne, payne n. 1. suffering, pain XIV 54, XVII 190, CI199, XI 259, XV 253; of Christ I 169, V 404, C VII 20; pi. XIX/ XXI 326; torture XIV 54, C XV 253; torment in hell 1127, XI 153, A X 30, C VII 117; pi. II 106, C X V 16, 49; in limbo XVIII 144, 200, C XX 147, 205; discomfort V 154, C VI 129. 2. source of distress XII 250. 3. pi. in- subject to penalties C VII 277. [AF peine] peynen v. re/7, exert (one)self VII 43; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 434. 2. pa.t.pl. tortured I 171, C I 167. 3. pr.t.pl. hamper, hinder XII 249. [AF peiner] peynten v. 1. represent by painting, paint III 62, C III 66; pp. Ill 66, C III 70; intr. XVII 172, C XIX 137; pa.t.Ssg. coloured (as w. paint) XIX/XXI 11; pp. XIX/XXI 6; gaudy C XIV 179. 2. fig. beautify, adorn (in the Rosary) XV 181, C XVI 323. 3. pp. deceitful, contrived XX/XXII 115; illusory C IV 23; falsified XI 305, C XIII 119. [AFpeinter] peire n. pair of V 253, C VI 251; (a) couple 1X170, XIII 196, A X 191, CX 232. [AF] 156

pels - permutation

Glossary

penitauncer n. priest authorized to administer the sacrament of penance in reserved cases, penitentiary XX/XXII 319; pi. C VI 256. [AF] penyworp, peneworth n. as a notional figure, goods valued at a penny III 258, A III 237, CIII 314; no- no fee, however small A VIII 48; pi. objects of little value V326, A V 1 7 5 , C VI 384. [ME] pennen. 1. pen 1X40, C XIX 16. 2. pi. tail feathers XII 249, C XIV 179. [AF] pensel n. distinctive pennon carried on his lance by a knight in heraldic display C XVIII 187. [AFpencet\ pepir, pepur n. pepper V 304, A V 155, C VI 359; in phr. ban ~ in pe nose turn up their noses XV 203. [OE pipor, piper] peple, poeple n. 1. w. def. art. men and women (of the community), the people Pr59, 119, A P r 7 6 , 93, C Pr 146. 2. people (in contextual situations) I 47, 171, IV 159, A II 38, 139, C II 201, III 86. 3. individual men and women, persons XII 67, XIV 183, A VI 108, C IX 118, XI 6. 4. nation XIII 176; nations XIII 258, C XV 228. 5. subjects III 262, A III 241, C IV 12. [CF poeple, AF peple] percen, persen pr.t.pl. penetrate, pass through X468, A XI 312, C XI 294; pp. pierced XVII 192, C XIX 158. [AF percer] percile, persile, parsilie n. parsley VI 286, A VII 270, C VIII 308. [AF percit\ peril, perel n. danger XIV 305, C XIX 68; pi. XVIII 415, A VIII 16, C XX 458; risk, jeopardy XI 33, C XI 192; pi. hazards XVIII 276, C XX 298; dangerous situation XV 567, XVI 107, C XVII 232; source of danger XV 509, C XVII 260; risk of damnation IV 140, V 557, A IV 123, VI 44, C IV 137, VII 201. [AF] perilous adj. to be feared, terrible VI 44, A VII 43. [AF] perilously, perillousli adv. dangerously Pr 151, C P r l 7 2 . [fr. adj.] perimancie n. divination by fire X218, A XI 161. [AF piromaunce] perkyn n. Perkin, dim. of Piers VI 24, A VII 38, C VIII 56. perles n. pearls X 9, A XI 9, C XI 7. [AF] permutacion, permutacoun n. exchange

peis, peyse n. weight V 240, C VI 242; papal seal on a document XIII 246. [AF] peised v.(l) pa.t.Ssg. weighed V 215, A V131, C VI 223. [AFpeiser] peisen v.(2) satisfy, appease VI 298, A VII 282. [AF peiser, paiser] peytrele v. harness w. a martingale C IV 23. [fr.AF peitraln.] pelet n. sheepskin V 77, A V 60. [AF pellet] pelour n. accuser, appellant XVIII 40, C XX 39. [AF] pelure n. fur trimming II 9, III 296, A II 9, C II 10; furred gowns XV 7, XIX/XXI415, CIV 115. [AF] penaunce, penaunse, penance n. 1. penance imposed by a confessor V 398, A VI 85, C V 195; penalty, punishment VII 106, VIII 105, A XI 78, C III 101, VI 304; of purgatory VII 180, A VIII 158, C IX 186. 2. repentance for sin, penitence VII 126, 183, A VIII 108, C 1X175; repentance, change of heart XV 515, C XVII 266. 3. mortification as penitential discipline, a life of asceticism Pr 25, V 593, A VII 76, VIII 106, C VII 78; sarcastic XIII 88, C XV 95; penitential exercise(s) XI 281, XIV 10, C V 84, IX 235, C XIII 82; suffering X 34, A XI 26; hardship XI 263, 281, A XI 230, C III 400, XII 206; pi. XIII 66; of Christ, colloc. w. passion atonement, reparation in his human nature for the sins of mankind XVII 98, C XVIII 41. [AF] penauncelees, penaunceles adj. without suffering X 469, C XI 295. [fr. prec.] penaunt, penante n. penitent, one doing penance IV 133, C XV 100. [AF] pencif, pensif adj. troubled, concerned VII 151, A VIII 132, C IX 300. [AF] pencioun n. salary, stipend A VIII 47. [AF pension] pendaunt3 n. metal ornaments on belts or garters XV 7. [AF] peny n. silver coin worth 1/12 of a shilling V 267, A VII 264, C XVI 315; pi. V 240, C IX 91; for Roman denarius I 47, A I 45, C I 45; money, cash VI 280, A VII 264, C XII 121; pi. Pr213, A III 78, CIII 32. [OEpenig] penyale n. ale costing a penny a gallon V 218, A VII 293, C VI 226. [ME] penyles adj. penniless, destitute C XII 26. [ME] 157

permutacion - pykeharneys

Glossary

III 258, A III 237, C III 314. [AF] permute v. exchange XIII 111; abs. pr.t.pl. move from benefice to benefice C II 188. [AF permuter] pernele, purnele n. woman's name IV 116, V 160, A V 2 6 , C I V 111; a saint Petronilla VI 275, A VII 259; as type name a priest's concubine C XVII 72; a prostitute V312, C VI 367. perpetuel adj. 1. everlasting X 427, C V 195. 2. without beginning or end XVII 129, C XVIII 27. [AF] perpetuelly adv. for all time C IX 8. [fr. adj.] perree, perrie, perrei3e n. gemstones X 12, AII 12, CXI 10. [AF] persaunt adj. penetrating I 157, C I 153. [fr. AF percer] persecucoun n. in phr. ~ of body torture C XII 206. [AF persecucioun] personage n. benefice, ecclesiastical living XIII 245. [AF] person(e), persoun n. rector of a parish, beneficed priest, parson V 415, C VI 144; pi. Pr83, A III 231, C II 188; (of monks) charged w. pastoral duties X 319. [AF] persone n. 1. individual, person IX 116, X 474, XIX/XXI 27, C XVI 111; pi. people XV 7, C XIX 105. 2. emph. in phr. pi ~ your royal self of all people III 179, A III 166, C III 225; his ~ that actual man XV 196. 3. impersonation XVIII 335, C XX 378. 4. of or as of the Trinity person XVI 185; pi. X 245, C XVIII 27. [AF] pertliche adv. manifestly V 15, CV117; in plain terms V23. [ME] pescoddes, pesecoddes n. peas in the pod, early peas eaten unshelled VI 292, A VII 276, C XII 221. [ME] pese n. pea (as virtually worthless) VI 169, A VII 154; pi green peas VI 195, A VII 282; pease porridge VI 186, A VII 174; pease-meal C VIII 305; ~ loof VI 179, A VII 164, C VIII 176. [OEpise] pestilence n. bubonic plague V 36, XIII 248; time of the plague IX 170, A X 191, C X 271; pi. outbreaks of the plague V 13, A V 13, C VIII 347; sg. as visitation of divine punishment C XV 217. [AF] peter «. the apostle Pr 100, A VIII 156, C Pr 128; ~pe Porter XV 18, C XVI 169;

as author of the Epistle X 350, A XI 233; asexcl. V537, A VI 25, C IX 289. petit, pety adj. little XIV 243, C XVI 83; slight VII 58, A VIII 59, C IX 53. [AF] pharaoes, faraos n. Pharaoh's VII 170, A VIII 147, C IX 314. pharisees n. members of a Jewish sect, Pharisees XV 605. [AF phariseis] philosofres, fylosophres n. philosophers XX/XXII38, C XVII 116; learned men XIX/XXI 244, C XIII 28. [AF philosophre] philosophic, filosophye n. learning, scholarship XX/XXII 295; knowledge of philosophy XV 384, C XVII 116. [L and AFfilosofie] phippe, fyppe n. belittling nickname, ? pet name for a sparrow XI 42, C XI 309. phisicien, fiscisyen, flsician n. physician XX/XXII 176, A VII 168; fig. of Christ C XVIII 140. [AF] phisik, fesik n. 1. medical knowledge XX/ XXII 178; practice of medicine VI 271, A VII 255, C VIII 292; medical treatment XX/XXII 378, C VIII 266; pers. the medical profession VI 269, XX/XXII 169, A VII 253, C VIII 290. 2. natural science XV 384. [AF phisiqe] phisike v. pr. subj. sg. treat (medically) XX/XXII 323. [fr. n.] piche v. 1. pitch sheaves C V 13. 2. ~ ato thrust apart, sever C VIII 64; pp. ~ vp of a tent pitched A II 41. [OE *piccan] pye n. magpie XI 347, C XIII 158. [AF pie] pyement n. spiced wine as a restorative C XX 409. [AFpiment] piers, peris, peres, perus n. man's name (AN for Peter) II 109, A II 73, C II 113; sir ~ of Pridie a dissolute priest V312, C VI 367; the hero of the poem V 556, A VI 43, C VII 200. pies n. pi. dishes of meat or fish cooked in pastry cases Pr 226, A Pr 104, C Pr 230; ~ hele pie-undercrust VII 200, A VIII 178, C IX 346. [MLpia] pik n. 1. pointed metal tip VIII 98, A IX 88, C X 95. 2. staff shod w. a metal end V474, A VI 23, C VII 180. 3. farmer's tool, pick VI 103, A VII 95. [OEpic] pikares/?. pilferers C V 1 7 . [fr. v.] pyked adj. w. pointed toes XX/XXII 219. [fr. prec.] pykeharneys n. pi. camp-followers who 158

pykeharneys - place

Glossary

393, A II 70, C XI 271; wyuen ~ cucking stool V 29, A V 29, C V 131. [OE pine] pyned v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. tortured A I 145. 2. intr. pa.t.Ssg. endured pain, suffered XIX/XXI 322. [OE pinion; confusion of forms w. peynen fr. AF peinir] pynynge stooles n. cucking stools III 78, A III 67, CIII 79. [ME] pynne v. fasten XX/XXII 298; pa.t.lsg. kept fastened V 211, A V 127, C VI 219. [fr.n.] pynnes n. wooden pegs C VIII 199. [OE pinn] pione, pyonie, pyenye n. peony seed V 304, AV155, C VI 359. [OEpeonie] pipe v. play the pipe or pipes XIII 232, C XV 206; play a snatch of music XX/ XXII 93; pa.t.Ssg. played on a pipe XVII1408, C XX 451. [OE plpian} pyries n. pear trees V 16, A V 16, C V 118. [QEpirige] pissen v. piss VI 155, A VII 142, C VIII 151; pa.t.Ssg. V 341, AV189, C VI 67, 399. [AF pisser] pistle, pistil, pistul n. epistle XII 29, A X 109, XI 233, C XVI 291. [OEpistol\ pitaunce n. gift or bequest to provide an additional allowance of food and drink on special occasions, V 267, VI 150; a treat XIII 56, C IX 92; fig. XV 60. [AF] pile, pitee n. 1. mercy I 171, VIII 105, XVII 298, A IX 95, C VI 172. 2. compassion II 222, III 195, A VII 186, CIII 86, V 191. 3. compunction, sense of wrongdoing X 430, A XI 289, C XI 266; haue ~ on hemselue take thought for the welfare of their own souls A V 12. [AF] pip, pethe n. essential part XVII 144, C XIX 118. [OEpiha] pitous adj. moving, pitiful A VII 115. [AF] pitously adv. compassionately IV 98, A IV 85, C IV 94; pathetically XVIII 58; appealing for compassion I 80, A I 78, C 177. [fr. adj.] pyuysshe, pyuische adj. irritable, illnatured VI 155, C VIII 151. [?] place n. 1. locality XVIII 21, C XX 19; pi. V 147, X319, C XIII 51; region VI 44, XV 17, A VII 43, C XVI 122, XVII 87; pi. V 528, A VI 16, C IX 226, X 15; place CIII 106; pi. XIII 274, C Pr 96; abode C XV 274; pi. allotted places,

strip the dead and wounded on a battlefield XX/XXII263. [ME] piken v. keep (soil) in good order XVI 17; pa.t.pl. dug VI 111, A VII 103, C VIII 118. [cp. Olpikka] pikeporses n. cutpurses C VI 370. [ME] pykoise n. pickaxe III 309, C III 462. [AF picois] pykstaff n. iron-shod staff C VI 328, VIII 64. [ME] pil n.(l) pole, prop XVI 30; pi. XVI 23. [OEpil] pyl «. (2) stronghold, peel tower XIX/XXI 363. [Mpiel] pilat, pilatus n. Pontius Pilate X 34, A XI 26, CXX35. piler«. pillar V 593, C VII 241. [AF] pilep see PYLIE. pilewhey n. unidentified liquid used to dilute ale dishonestly A V 134. [?] pilgrym n. 1. traveller to a sacred place for pious reasons, pilgrim V 516, A VI 4, C VII 161; pi. Pr46, A V 87, C Pr 47, IX 181. 2. fig. person dedicated to a supreme religious purpose VI 102, XIII 182, A VII 94, C VIII 111; pi. XIII 215; wayfarer XI 236, C XII 132; pi XIII 216, C XV 185. 3. pi. of humankind on the journey through life V 556, A VI 43, C XII 131(2). [AF pelegrin, pelerim, pelrim] pilgrymage n. 1. travel to a sacred place for pious reasons XIV 197, XIX/XXI 375, C XVI 38; pi. C IX 324. 2. fig. dedication to the quest for salvation VI 84, A VII 76, C VIII 93; pi. fig. missions of charity XV 182, C XVI 324. [AF] pylie v. peel (to make rush-lights) C IX 81; pr.t.3sg. plunders, despoils XIX/XXI 442; pp. as a term of abuse bald, seedy, dingy A VII 142, C VI 370. [OE pilian] pillory, pillorie n. device for publicly confining offenders, pillory II 207, A II 168, C II 219; pi. Ill 78, A III 67, C III 79. [AF pillon] pilour n. as term of abuse III 195, A III 182; pi. brigands C XIII 12; looters, pillagers XX/XXII 263; fig. rapacious entourage XIX/XIX415. [AF] pynched v. pa.t.lsg. encroached XIII 370, C VI 267. [AFpincer] pyne n. punishment II 104, A II 68; suffering A I 143; the torment of hell X 159

place - pli3te

Glossary 72. [fr. v.] pleiep v.(2) pr.t.3sg. pleads in court, makes his case XIX/XXI 295. [fr. AF, ME pin, plea} pleyn adj. full VII 104, A VIII 86. [AF plein] pleyne, playne v. 1. bring a suit, make a charge or accusation III 168, A III 155, C III 214; pr.t.pl C VI 120; fig. pa.t.lsg. C VI 110; pr.t.pl. go to law XIV 226, C XVI 67; pr.subj.sg. litigate C IV 70; refl. pa.subj.pl. IV 66. 2. complain XIII 110; pa.t.pl A VII 115; pr.subj.sg. CIV 30, VIII 166. 3. pr.t.3sg. is the suppliant XVII 298; refl. pa.t.3sg. appealed VI 159, A VII 146, C VIII 156. 4. pa.t.pl w. double modif. complained and applied Pr83, APrSO, CPr81. [AF pleindre] pleyntn. 1. complaint XI 250, C XII 136. 2. charge or accusation at law C III 214; pi. lawsuits II 178, A II 139. [AF pleint] pleneradj. plenary, full XVI 103. [AF] plener(e) adv. all, without exception XI 113, C XII 48. [fr. adj.] plentee n. freedom from want, prosperity VI 163, XI 332, C XVII 94; abundance XIV 77, C XII 204. [AF plent^\ plenteuouse adj. 1. bountiful, open-handed X83. 2. abundant A XII 95. [AF] plesaunce n. sense of doing right C VIII 14. [AF] plesaunt, plesant adj. pleasing, acceptable XIV 102; gratifying XIV 206, C XVI 47. [AF] plese, pleise v. 1. be acceptable to V 53, C XI 227; pr.t.Ssg. C V 85; pr.subj.pl. C XV 277. 2. carry out the wish of XIV 221, C XVI 62; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 162, A III 151, CIII 200; appease VI 295, A VII 279, C VIII 317. 3. indulge, gratify Pr 30, APr30, CPr32; imp.pl indulge V 36. 4. entertain, divert III 11, A XI 59, C XI 53. 5. gain favour w. V 140, XIII 312, A VII 103, C VIII 118; pr.t.pl ingratiate yourself w. XV 80, C XVI 239. 6. pr.t.pl. give pleasure to, delight IX 199, A X 213; pr.t.lsg. C XV 200; pa.t.3sg. Ill 339, C III 491. [AF plesir, pleiser] plesynge ger. a gratuity III 252, A III 231. [fr. prec.] plete v. plead in court A IV 41; pr.t.pl. A Pr86. [AFplaiter] pliyte v. in phr. ~ trupe swear a juror's

mansions XIX/XXI 61; passages (in books) XX/XXII 42; situations XII 24, C XVI 315. 2. pi. public squares of towns (as places of execution) C VII 277. 3. big house X313, XII 147; pi. C V 159, XII 246; edifice XVI 135; palace V 539, A VI 27, C VII 184; al pe ~ the whole garden XVI 21; pi. in phr. come in ~ made an appearance XV 403, C XVII 173. [AF] placebo n. vespers of the Office for the Dead III 311, CV46. [L fr. Ps. 114] play«. joy A XII 95. [OEplaega] playte, pleit v. pa.t.Bsg. fastened V 210, A V 126. [AF plaier] planetes n. planets XX/XXII 80. [AF] planke n. prop, support XVI 50, C XVIII 34, 40. [AF plaunke] piastre n. poultice, plaster XX/XXII 363; pi. XX/XXII 359. [AF] piastre v. treat sores, ulcers XX/XXII 310; pr.t.3sg. XX/XXII 314; pp. fig. poulticed XVII 98, C XIX 91. [AFplastrer] Plato n. Plato X 178, A XI 130, C XII 174. platte v. pa.t.3sg. refl. prostrated V 62, A V45, C V I 3 . [AF platter] plaunte, plante, plonte n. fig. medicinal herb I 152, A I 137, C I 148; plant V 582, A VI 69, C XVIII 25; pi. settings, plants A VII 270, C VIII 308. [OE plante] plaunte pp. in phr. ~ coles planted-out settings of kale, cabbage VI 286. [OE plantian] pleden v. plead in court VII 43; conduct a case VII 46, C IX 44; pa.t. pi. Pr 213, C Pr 163; bring a plea, appeal XIV 109, 189, C XV 285; litigate, go to law IV 54, CIV 57. [AFpleder] pledynge ger. conducting cases III 296, C 1X45. [fr.prec.] pledours n. advocates, barristers VII 43. [AF] pleyev.(l) 1. play Pr 171, CPrl90; pa.t. 3sg. Pr 151, C Pr 172; prp. joyous and light-hearted XVI 256, XVIII 168, C XVIII 272, XX 171; jesting C IX 114. 2. have a good time XX/XXII 292; pa.t. pi. rested and enjoyed themselves Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr 22; diverted themselves XII 24. 3. ~ wip fig. ply, wield like a weapon III 309, C III 462. [OEplegan] pleyere, play ere n. player VI 71, C VIII 160

plizte–porche

G;ossary

particular XX/XXII 31; specific point I 104, A I 102, C I 98; condition, state XIV 280, C XVI 120; in ~ to on the point of, about to XIII 111; pi. of ~ particularly XIII 354. 2. cause V 15, A V 15, C V 117. 3. point, sharp end I 157, CI153. [AF] poyntest v. pr.t.2sg. aim C VIII 296. [AF pointer} poison, poysen n. a potion XVIII 52, C XX 52; deadly drink, poison fig. XV 565, C XVII 232. [AF] poisone v. pr.t. pi. sell tainted or spoiled foodstuffs to III 82, A III 71. [AF poisonner] poke, pouhe n. pouch, bag XIII 216, C IX 343; pi. XIV 246, C XVI 86. [OEpohha and cp. OI poki] pokeful n. sackful VII 197, A VIII 175. [ME] pokep v. pr.t.Bsg. prompts, urges V 611, A VI 97, C VII 263; pa.t.Ssg. V 634, A VI 119, C VII 287. [MDupoken] pokkes n. festering sores, ulcers XX/XXII 98. [OEpocc] pol n. head in phr. ~ by ~ individually XI 58, C XII 10; pi. XX/XXII 86; imprinted heads XIII 246. [MDupol] pole see PULLE. polshe, polesche, pulsshe v. polish V 474, AV248, C VI 328. [AF pollicer] pomade n. a kind of cider ? C XX 409. [AF] pomp n. ostentatious display III 66, XV 79, C XVI 238; fig. XIV 194. [AF pompe} pond(e)fold, punfold n. enclosure for impounded or stray animals, pound V 624, C XVIII 280. [OE pundfald] poole, pole n. pole, staff XVIII 52, C XX 52. [OEpdt] poore see POUERE. pope n. the Pope of Rome II 23, A III 136, C II 247; pi. Ill 128, A III 117, C V 78; as successor to the apostle Peter and head of Christendom Pr 108, XIX/ XXI 223, C P r l 3 5 . [OEpapa] pope holy, popholy adj. sanctimonious XIII 283, CVI37. [ME] popeiay n. parrot C XVI 172. [AF papej'ai] poperib v. pr.t.Bsg. canters, rides at a handgallop A XI 213. [ME: cp. poppen v.] porche n. porch, shaded entrance XVI 225,

oath HI 317, C III 470; pr.t.lsg. pledge, give a solemn undertaking VI 34, A VII 36, C VIII 33; pa.t.Ssg. C II 127; re/7. pa.t.pl. ~ ... togidere(s) formed associations Pr 46, A Pr 46, C Pr 47; pp. indentured V 200, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 208; joined in marriage IX 170, A X 191. [OEplihtan] plihte, pluhte v. pa.t.Ssg. pulled C XII 49, XIX 12. [OEplyccan] plokke see PLUKKED. plommes n. pi. plums C XII 221. [OE plume} plot n. stain, spot XIII 275; pi XIII 274. [OE] plou3, plogh, plow n. 1. plough III 309, A VII 94, C Pr 146; by melon, husbandry C VII 192; fig. VII 124, XIX/ XXI 335, A VIII 106, C VIII 111. 2. fig. team XIX/XXI 266. [OE plog] plou3, plogh v. plough Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr22. [fr.prec.] plowman, ploi^man, plouhman, plouheman, plogman n. ploughman V 537, A VI 25, C VII 182; Piers VII 104, A VIII 86; fig. XIX/XXI 260; pi. farmers as a class, the food-producers on whom society depends Pr 119; typified as illiterate but righteous X 466, A XI 310, CXI 292. [ME] plou3pote, plouhpote n. ploughman's staff used to give added thrust to the coulter VI 103, A VII 95, C VIII 64. [ME] plukkedv. pa.t.Ssg. pulled XI 114, XVII 11; pr.subj.sg. pull up V 582, A VI 69, C VII 229; pp. plucked XII 251. [OE pluccian, ploccan] plumtrees, plumtres n. plumtrees V 16, A V 1 6 , C V 1 1 8 . [OE plumtreow] pluralites n. concurrently held benefices A XI 200. [AF] plurela^. plural X 245. [AF] po n. peacock in phr. ~ feet XII 259. [cp. OI pa] pocalips n. Walter Map's Apocalypsis Goliae XIII 91, C XV 98. [cp. AF apocalypse} poesie n. Latin verse XVIII 408, C XX 451. [AF] poete n. writer, author of the ancient past X 178, A XI 130, C X I 303; pi. X 344, XII 148, CXII 174, XIV 92. [AF] point n. 1. detail VI 37, XIII 186, A VII 38, C VIII 35; pi. XVI 133, C XX 43; 161

porche - pourete

Glossary

C XVIII 240. [AF] porcion, porcioun n. allotted share VIII 53, A X 117. [AF] poret, porret n. leeks VI 286, A VII 282; ~ plontes leek seedlings for setting out C VIII 308. [AF] porfirie n. Porphyrius (AD 234-c. 305) C XII 174. pors v. imp.sg. put into (your) purse C XII 165. [MEfr.n.] portatif adj. light in weight I 157, C I 153. [CF] porte n. bearing, demeanour XIII 277, C VI 30. [AF] porter n. keeper of the gate XI 113, C XVI 169; pi. V 619, A VI 105, C VII 271. [AF] porthors«. breviary XV 125. [AF] portours n.pl. porters, bearers C VI 370. [AF] portreye, purtrayen v. depict III 62, C III 66; intr. draw, sketch XVII 172, C XIX 137; fig. ~ wel pe Paternoster recite the Rosary w. devout attention XV 181, C XVI 323. [AF purtrayer] pose v. pr.t.lsg. propose as an instance XVII 299, C XIX 279. [AY poser] possed v. pa.t.3sg. pushed (in rough play) P r l S l . [AF*pusser] possession n. 1. ownership, possession XII 250; possession of property XI 276; of worldly goods XIV 271, C XVI 111. 2. property, material wealth XI 273, XIII 300. 3. coll. endowments, temporal possessions XV 563, C XVII 229; pi. A XI 200. [AF] possessioners n. pi. beneficed pastoral clergy V 145. [AF] posternesw. lesser gates, V 619, A VI 105, C VII 271. [AF] postes n. props, poles XVI 54. [AF post] postles n. 1. apostles C IX 118. 2. itinerant evangelists VI 149. [OE postal] pot, pott(e) n. jar, pot XIII 254, C XV 224. [OEpott] potage n. thick vegetable soup VI 150, C VIII 284; pi. stews, purees XIII 41, C XV 46. [AF] potager n. vegetable cook V 157, C VI 132. [fr.prec.] potelrc. half a gallon V341, A VII 174, C VI 399. [AF] potent(e) n. staff, crosier VIII 98, A IX 88. [AF]

potteful/7. potful C VIII 182. [ME] poudres n. medicinal powders XX/XXII 359. [AF] pouke n. devil X 218, A X 62, C XVIII 50. [OEpuca] poul(e) n. 1. the apostle Paul Pr 38, A Pr 38, C IX 112. 2. one of the desert fathers XV 286, C XVII 13. 3. Poules St Paul's Cathedral XIII 65, C XV 70. pound n. pound weight V215, A V 131, C VI 223; pound (of a substance) V 304, AV155, C XVI 299. [OEpund] pounded v. pa.t.pl. impounded, restricted access to Pr 213, A Pr 86, C Pr 163. [OE gepyndan] poundemele, poundmel(e) adv. by the pound, lavishly II 225, A II 184, C II 235. [ME] poured v. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ togideres mixed surreptitiously V 218, AV134, C VI 226. [CF purer] pous, poues n. pulse XVII 69, C XIX 68. [AF] poustee n. awful violence V 36; pi. violent outbreaks XII 11. [AF] pouere, poore, pore adj. 1. indigent, needy Pr 82, IV 125, A III 70, C IV 115, VII 78; poverty-stricken Pr 84, A Pr 81, C Pr 82; destitute XI 198, A III 273, C IV 122; superl C XVI 161; lacking lay or episcopal support C II 189; not wealthy III 168, VI 41, A II 59, C III 283; sarcastic XV 328. 2. mean, shabby XI 236, C XII 125. 3. in the sense of the First Beatitude poor XIV 100. 4. pathetic, pitiful V 157, A XII 50, C XV 32, 305; sg. as n. poor man XIV 260; gener. (pe) ~ XIII 79, A XI 50, C VIII 144; pi. the needy, the destitute Pr 90, I 175, A I 155, C IV 114, VIII 144; ~ likenesse C XII 132; the state of being poor C XIII 99, XIV 16. [AN povere, pore] pouerer adv. comp. more pitifully XX/XXII 50. [fr. adj.] pouerte, pouert n. 1. indigence, neediness, poverty XI 263, C IX 183; pers. XI 62, C X I I I 1 . 2. scarcity, dearth XI 332, C XIII 140. 3. the virtue poverty, active rejection of worldly values II 80, X 346, C XII 141, 177; fig XII 61, XIV 192; life without possessions XV 208. 4. shabbiness, seediness VIII 121, A IX 111, C X 117. [AF poverte, povert] 162

power - preise(n)

Glossary

preest, prest n. ordained cleric, priest Pr 68, IV 133, A V 8 6 , C VI 135; pi. Ill 150, A III 210, C Pr 118; of the Jewish religion XII 115, C XIV 60; pi. X 286, A XI298, C Pr 116. [OE preost] preesthood, preesthoed, presthode, presthoed n. the body of ordained clergy w. cure of souls XV 95, 568, C XVI 245; pers. XIX/XXI 332. [OE preosthdde] preie(n), prei3e, preeye, praye v. 1. ask earnestly XIII 113, C XV 120; pr.t.lsg. XVI 24, A VII 188, C VIII 7; pa.t.lsg. I 80, A IX 11, C I 7 7 ; Bsg. V 26, A V 1 2 , C V 128; pi. A VII 182; pa.t.Bsg. appealed to V 41, A V 34, C V 140; beseeched V 50, C V 191; ask pr.t.lsg. VI 37, A VII 38, C V 82, VII 297; Bsg. XIII 236, C II 73; pa.t.lsg. XVI 73; Bsg. II 71, VI 196, C XV 191, XX 177; pp. VI 179, A VII 164, C VIII 176; make a plea to C XV 216; pa.t.Bsg. C IV 94; ~ to entreated IV 98, A IV 85; pr.Usg. ask for, beg (of) XX/XXII 245; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 30, C XV 32; pi. XI 247, XIX/XXI 154. 2. make petition to the deity, pray Pr 90, XI 58, C XVII 226; pr.Usg. C XV 210; pi. VI 125, A VII 117, C VIII 131; pr.subj.pl. XIX/XXI 357; pa.subj.sg. C XVII 250; of ritual public prayer V 106, A V 86; pr.t.pl. worship w. prayer XV 504, C XVII 255; intercede I 80, A I 78, C I 77; constitute a plea C IX 280. 3. recite in prayer C III 465. [AF preier] preiere, prayere, preeyere, preeyre, preyour n. 1. request VII 109, X 295, A VIII 91, C II 70; plea II 207, XIX/XXI 307, A II 168, C XX 205. 2. pi. religious supplication, prayer XI 156, C XV 228; fig. plea XVII 298; pi. V 593, C III 275; acts of worship, devotions Pr25, A VIII 161, C V 84. [AF] preynte, printe v. pa.t.Bsg. looked meaningfully, signalled XIII 86, 113, C XV 120; gave a knowing look XVIII 21, CXX19. [OEprincn.] preise(n) v. 1. commend, approve, praise XIV 274; pr.tlsg. C XIII 27; pa.t.Bsg. VI 108, A VII 100; pi. VII 39, C IX 42; recommended X 346; bring credit upon XIII 312; to ~ praiseworthy, commendable XI 388, C XIII 206. 2. prize, hold in esteem V611, XVI 219, A VI 97, C

power, pouer n. \. capacity, capability V 95, XV 61, A VII 36, C VIII 282, IX 17; efficacy X 78, XVI 54, C XI 58; strength XVII 176, C XIX 143; power as a nation XV 598, C XVII 306. 2. divinely conferred spiritual power Pr 100, 109, VII 179, A VIII 157, C Pr 128, 136, VI 256; divinely conferred authority Pr 108, XV 561, XX/XXII 320, C Pr 135; divine power XVI 37. 3. control, mastery, authority to compel III 282, IV 140, A X 62, C XVI 61. 4. power, influence at law II 49, A III 155, C II 52; authorization VI 149. 5. supporters IV 66, A IV 52, C IV 70. [AF pouer inf. as n.] praye n. prey XVIII 311. [AF praie] prayed v. pa.t.pl. ravaged XX/XXII 86. [AF praier] praktisour n. practitioner XVI 107. [CF] prechen v. 1. deliver a sermon, preach (to) Pr 90, V 11, A VIII 122, C XVII 188, 290; pr.t.3sg. Pr 80, A Pr 77, C Pr 78; pi. V 145, C III 278; pa.t.Bsg. Pr 68, A XI 72, C V 114; prp. Pr 59, A Pr 56, C Pr 57; teach by preaching Pr 38, VI 149, A Pr 93, C IX 164; pr.t.Bsg. XIII 80, A IX 83, C XVI 326; pi. V 42, XIII 76, A VIII 16, C XI 205, XV 74; pa.t.Bsg. A III 64; pr.Lpl. exhort III 223, A III 210; preach the faith XV 444, C XVII 188; pr.t.pl. ~ and depraue vilify in sermons V145. [AFprecher]] prechyng ger. preaching V 633, A VI 118, C XVII 17; instruction delivered in sermons IV 122, A IV 107. prechours, precheours, prechares n. pi. preachers XV 95, C XI 205; the priesthood as responsible for teaching faith and morals IV 122, XV 99, C XVI 252, 269; preaching friars XII 19, XV 131, C XVI 278; proclaimers XIII 427, C VII 87. [AF] precious adj. precious, to be treasured XVI 261, C XVIII 277; valuable, efficacious I 152, XIX/XXI 96; rare and wonderful, priceless X 12, A XI 12, C XI 10; costly, expensive C XX 409. [AF] predestinaet pp. predestined for salvation CXI 205. [L] preessep, preseth v. pr.t.Bsg. hurries on urgently XIV 213, C XVI 54; pa.t.Bsg. ~ on influenced XX/XXII 127. [AF presser] 163

preise(n) - pridie

Glossary presumpcion, presumpcioun n. 1. unwarranted assumption, supposition X 56, A XI 42, C XI 37. 2. arrogance, undue self-confidence XI 423, C XIII 230. [AF] presumptuously adv. presumptuously A XII 8. [fr. n.] preuen, prouen v. 1. test, put to the test VIII 125, XV 609, A IX 115, C XVII 317; pp. XIII 214; experienced XIII 182; pr.t.Ssg. appraises, evaluates XII 262; pi. C XII 177; pa.t.Ssg. C XII 141; intr. pa.t.pl. tried C VI 186. 2. put into practice XV 110, C XVI 264; pr.t.Ssg. XIII 80, C XV 87; pr.subj.pl. A IV 107. 3. pr.t.Ssg. turns out, proves to be XVII 158; impers. XIV 271. 4. show XIV 191; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 261, C XIX 227; pi C XII 201; pr.subj.sg. exemplify XIII 133; pi. A V 35; imp.pl V 42, C V 141; pp. IV 122; illustrate C XVIII 59; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 214. 5. prove (by dialectic or authority) X 56, 350, A XI 42, CXII 174, XV 133; pr.t.lsg. C XV 283; Ssg. C XV 135; pr.subj.sg. C XIII 27; pp. X256, CXI 157; show proof, make a case XIV 109, C XV 285; intr. XI 89, C XII 30. 6. explain, expound, set forth XII 19, XIII 123; pr.t.Ssg. XII 29; enlarge on Pr 38, A Pr 38, C Pr 39. 8. pr.t.Ssg. asserts, pronounces X 341, A XI 229, C XVII 4; pi. C VI 119; pa.t.Ssg. VII 174, C IX 319; declared V 13, AV13, CV115. [Approver] preuete n. hidden purpose C XIII 229; pi. mysteries, hidden councils C XVIII 5. [ AF privete] pride, pruyde n. 1. satanic pride, overweening self-conceit I 127, X 82, A I 116, CI129, XX 346; self-esteem, pride V611, XI 423, A III 57, VI 97, C VI 13, 59; the capital sin of Pride III 66, V 15, A III 57, C XI 56, XII 234; pers. XIV 280, XV 50, C VI 14; fig. XV 189, C XVI 332. 2. vainglory, worldly pomp II 80, X 82, A II 59, C XV 229, XVII 215; ostentatious display Pr 23, VIII 121, A Pr 23, C XVI 258; ~ of parfit lyuynge the sin of pride of life XI 15, 33, CXI 174, 192. [OEpryte] pridie n. Latin term from the liturgy of the mass immediately before the consecration of the host; fig. a City of London parish V312, C VI 367. [L]

VII 263; pr.t.Ssg. XV 156, XX/XXII 149, C VI 45; pi. Ill 134, A III 123, C III 172; pa.t.3sg. XI 254; pi. X 346; pp. C VI 60, X 307. 3. assess the value of, appraise V 323, A V 172, C VI 380; pr.t.lsg. XI 319; 3sg. C XIV 183; pa.t. pi. V 326, A V 175, C VI 384; abs. pr.t.Ssg. expresses critical opinions XV 252. [AF preiser] prelat n. ecclesiastical dignitary XV 491; pi. Ill 215, A VIII 47, C II 185; bishops and archbishops V41, XV 493, A V 34, C Pr 101; princes of the Church XV 562, C XVII 225. [AF] prentice, prentis, prenties n. learnercraftsman, indentured apprentice II 217, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 279; pi. Ill 225, A III 212, C III 280; ~ of lawe law students XIX/XXI231. [AF] prentishode, prentished n. apprenticeship V253, C VI 251. [ME] prescit adj. foreknown C XI 206. [L pp. prescitus] presence n. presence Pr 173, C Pr 190. [AF] present n. gift, present VI 295, XIX/XXI 307, A VII 279, C VIII 317; fig. XVI 260, C XVIII 277; payment in reparation IV 95, A IV 82, CIV 91; pi. ceremonial offerings XII 153, XIX/XXI 96, C XIV 97; gifts of money III 215, A III 202, C III 271; gifts in kind III 162, VI 41, A III 151, C III 200; gifts made to moneylenders in lieu of interest XIII 376; as bribes III 89, A III 78, C III 117. [AF] present adj. publicly seen, conspicuous A II 59. [AF] presented v. pa.t.Ssg. in phr. ~ wij) ritually offered XIX/XXI 92. [AF presenter} preseth see PREESSEI>. pressour n. frame or rack for stretching cloth V211, AV127, C VI 219. [AF] prest adj. eager, quick VI 196, A XII 98, C XVI 62; comp. more willingly attentive, responsive X 295; superl. promptest V551, A VI 38, C VII 195. [AF] prest adv. at once C XX 272. [fr. adj.] prestly adv. promptly VI 93, A VII 85, C III 306; straightaway XIII 35, C XV 40. [fr. adj.] presumen v. 1. pr.t.pl. presume to have, assume C Pr 135; pa.t.pl. Pr 108. [AF presumer]

164

pried - properly

Glossary

82; ~ lettres royal letters closed w. the Privy Seal C IV 189; confidential XX/ XXII 115; private X 100, XII 230. 2. intimate II 23, 64, XIII 206, A III 136, C II 23; superl. particular, special C XVIII 97. [AFprivel pryuees n. in phr. Paulynes ~ parties to suits in the consistory court of St Paul's II 178. [fr. adj.] pryueliche, priueyliche, preueiliche adv. privately, discreetly XX/XXII 108, A III 57; secretly XIII 376, C XVII 172; unobtrusively C XV 149; covertly III 82, A III 71; stealthily XIII 367, XIX/ XXI 300, C XVIII 164; just for himself XIII 56; mysteriously C XVIII 100; for reasons of his own XI 114, C XII 49. [fr. adj.] proched v. pa.t.lsg. pierced, perforated (so as to weaken the warp) V 210. [OE *procian infl. by ME brochen] procuratour n. authorized agent XIX/XXI 258; pi. agents C VII 89. [AF] profession, professioun n. vow or oath of self-dedication I 100, A I 98, C I 97. [AF] profit n. benefit Pr 119, IV 150, C Pr 169, VIII 14; interest, advantage V 200, A V 1 1 6 , C VI 279; profit Pr 59, A Pr 56, C Pr 57; service XIII 237; spiritual benefit XX/XXII 332, C V 101, VIII 7. [AF] profitable adj. advantageous XIII 176, C XV 173; beneficial XIII 76, A XII 98, C X V 8 2 ; helpful VI 275, A VII 259, C VII 192; useful, serviceable XIII 364, C VI 263; expedient XVII 153. [AF] profitep v. pr.t.3sg. in phr. ~ into pursward is financially advantageous C Pr 101. [AFprofiter] profrest v. pr.t. 2 sg. offer (in service) VI 24, A VII 26; 3sg. offers XIII 189; pa.t.3sg. IV 64, XIII 380, A IV 61, C VIII 150; pi. V 556, A VII 279, C VII 200; pr.subj.pl. VI 41, A VII 40, C VIII 39; intr. pa.t.Ssg. C IV 67; pa.t.3sg. held out XIV 49, C XV 247; in challenge VI 153; pr.t.3sg. ~ forj) extends C XIX 118; pa.t.Ssg. C XIX 117. [AFprofrer] properly adv. correctly XIV 275, C XVI 118; in the strict sense XIV 284, C XV 272; w. due modesty C XV 152. [fr. adj.]

pried v. pa.t.lsg. looked intently XVI 168. [cp. OE bepriwan] prikere, prikiere, prikiare, prikeare n. knight 1X8, XVIII 25, A X 8, CX135, XX 24; hard rider X313. [fr. fol] prikep, prikye 1. fig. pr.t.Ssg. pricks, stabs XVII 201; 'pi. C XIX 91. 2. pa.t.Bsg. set spurs to XVII 355, C XIX 335; ride hard C IV 24; pa.t.3sg. II 190, A II 151, C II 204; pp. ridden C V 159; cam ~ came riding hard XVIII 11, C XX 9. 3. pp. afflicted w. pain XX/XXII 86. [OE prician] prime n. in phr. hei3 ~ nine o'clock VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119; ~ dayes mid-morning A XII 60. [AF] primer n. literate lay person's devotional manual CV46. [AF] prince n. 1. sovereign XIII 52, XVI 260, All 12, CXI 10; ruler XIX/XXI 223, A VII 109, C XVII 242; pi VII 44, XVIII 264, A VIII 47, C X 16; magnate, grandee XIX/XXI 307, C IX 280; pi. II 80, A XI 298, C II 87. 2. of Christ as a king's son XVI 37, C XIII 3. [AF] principally adv. above all X 474; primarily XIV 195. [AY principal adj.] printe n. imprint, design C XVII 74. [AF print (fr. priendre)] printede v. pa.t.3sg. stamped, impressed C XVII 81. [fr. v.] prioresse n. prioress V 160, C VI 135; uninfl.gen. V 157, C VI 132. [AF] priour, prior n. 1. prior, monk next after the abbot in monastic authority V 171, C V 91. 2. ~ prouincial director of the convents of an order of friars in a designated territory XI 57, C XII 9. [OE prior} pris n. value II 13, XIII 8; importance C XII 26. [AF] pris adj. most notable, outstanding XIX/ XXI 266. [fr. n.] prison, prisoun, presoun n. 1. imprisonment XI 133, XIV 54, C XII 68; prison VIII 104, XV 265, A IX 94, C VII 21; pi. C I V 123. 2. prisoner XV 346, C XX 58; pi. VII 30, C III 175, VII 277. [AF] prisoners n. pi. prisoners III 137, A III 126; fig. the poor and nedy XIV 168, 174. [AF] pryue(e), preuy adj. 1. secret XI 105, XIX/XXI 376, 364, C III 117, XIII 38, 165

prophecie - pure

Glossary psalme, salme n. psalm VI 250, A X 86; pi. XI 314, CIII 465. [L psalmus, AF salme] publice, publische v. imp.sg. make known, divulge XI 105, C XII 39. [AF publiss(publier)] puddyng, poddyng n. sausage XIII 107; pi. XIII 62, C XV 66; ~ ale a more expensive kind of ale V 218, C VI 226. [AF puddin] pues n. enclosed stalls in a church, pews C VI 144. [AFpuie] puffe, poffe v. 1. gasp XIII 88, C XV 95. 2. pp. blown down V 16, A V 16, C V 118. [OEpyffan] pulettes, polettes n. young hens, pullets VI 280, A VII 264, C VIII 302. [AF] pulle, pole v. pull XVI 73; fig. imp.sg. ~ w. pull back, restrain from C IV 23; pa.t. 3sg. dragged, hauled XI 163; pi. II 222, A II 181, C II 232; pa.tJsg. tore VII 119, A VIII 101. [OEpullian] pulte v. thrust, push C X 95; pp. C XI 206. [7OE*pyltan] punfold see PONDFOLD. punge v. thrust VIII 98, A IX 88. [OE pyngan] punysshe(n), punesche v. 1. impose judical punishment (on) II 49, XIV 291, A III 67, C II 52. 2. punish (for moral offences) X 375, XIX/XXI 195, A XI 256. 3. torment, afflict XIV 189. [AF puniss- (punir)] purchace v. 1. acquire, obtain, get IX 79; pa.t.3sg. VII 39; A VIII 3, C IX 42. 2. acquire by payment, buy VII 192, A VIII 170, CIII 32; pr.t.pl. C XII 246; pp. C V77. [&F purchaser] pure, puyr(e) adj. unalloyed, pure C IV 91; w. contextual sense: faultless, unchallengeable XIII 166, A VIII 152, C XV 135; absolute V 254, XIV 193, XV 598, C III 349, XVI 100; mere, simple X470; sheer VI 117, X 74, XVI 18, A VIII 101, C VI 172, XIII 93; entire X 320, C I 97, V 166; genuine XIX/XXI 194; essential XVI 220; emph. deictic very VII 106, A VIII 88, C III 101; comp. more excellent C II 10; superl. finest 119, All 12. [A¥pur] pure adv. wholly XI 276, C III 383, XVII 76; extremely V 404, XV 201, C XV 305; very XI 195, 249, C X 135, XVIII 102. [fr. adj.]

prophecie n. prophecy, scriptural passage considered prophetic XV 326. [AF] prophecied, profecye v. 1. pa.t.3sg. predicted w. divinely inspired foreknowledge XVIII 108; pi. XIX/XXI 16. 2. foretell the future C IX 114. [ME fr. n.] prophete, profete n. author of an OT book of prophecy, prophet XVI 81, C XVIII 112; pi. XIX/XXI 145; of other OT writers III 261, XI 94, A III 221, C III 428; of Christ XV 588, XIX 48; fig. pi. Christians resolute in the hope of salvation C XII 201; person claiming the gift of prophecy C IX 212. [AF] prop re adj. 1. distinct, individual X 245; distinctive, unusual C XVIII 100; particular XVI 54. 2. correct, fitting VII 153, XVI 185, C IX 302; of the right sort, appropriate XIII 52, CXV63. [AF] proud, prout adj. 1. arrogant, proud III 179, A X 8, C III 225; as a name ~ herte V 62, A V 45, C VI 3; conceited XIII 277, C VI 46, 304; intellectually arrogant X 73, A XI 59, C XI 53; insolent, unruly XX/XXII218. 2. splendid, magnificent XII 240, A II 41, C XIV 172. 3. gratified, elated VI 197, XIII 59, A VII 184, C XVI 299. [LOE prud] prouendre n. 1. fodder XIII 243. 2. ecclesiastical stipend, prebend XIII 245; pi. C III 32. 3. pi. holders of prebends, prebendaries III 150. [AF provendre] prouendreth v. pr.t.Ssg. obtains prebendaries for C III 188. [AF provendrer] prouendrours n. holders of prebends, prebendaries A III 139. [fr. n.] prouerbe n. parable C XVII 51; pi. maxims C VIII 263; supporting statements C XII 172. [AF] prouince n. diocese, area of jurisdiction XV 571, C XVII 284; pi. XV 609. [AF] prouincials n. gen. of a director of a province of an order of friars VII 197, A VIII 175, C IX 343. [AF provincial] prouysour n. holder of a papal provision to a benefice IV 133, A IV 116, C IV 130; pi. II 171, A II 135, C II 185. [AF provisour] prowor, prowour n. overseer, deputy XIX/XXI 260. [AF provour, provor] prucelond, pruyslond n. Prussia XIII 392, C VI 279.

166

Glossary

pured - quenche 176, C XV 173; pp. XI 419, C XIII 227. 2. place, put III 84, A III 73, C III 470; pr.Usg. XII 227; pa.t.lsg. V211, A V 127, C VI 219; Ssg. Ill 234, VI 197, A III 221, C Pr 172; pi C II 247; pp. II 207, A II 168, C XIII 8. 3. set X 325, A IX 95, C V 171; pr.t.Ssg. XIV 272, C XVI 112; pa.t.lsg. X 178, A XI 130, C XI 118; Ssg. CVII 192; pp. XIII 35, C XV 40; appointed XIV 291, C XVI 126; apply XIX/XXI 67; pa.t.pl. Pr 20, A Pr 20, C Pr 22; pa.t.pl devoted Pr 23, A Pr 23, C Pr 25; in phr. ~ bifore gave precedence to XI 254, C XII 141; ~ bihynde disregarded XIV 208, C XVI 49; ~ forb advance II 49, VIII 125, A IX 115, C II 52; offer X 56, A XI 42, C XI 37; extends XVII 156; ~ in committed to Pr25, A P r 2 5 , CPr27; ~ lowe subdued XI 62, C XII 14; -of dismiss XIV 191, C XVI 122; ~ out displayed I 127, A I 116; ~ vp submitted IV 47, A IV 34, C IV 45; ~ hym forp/~ forb his heed came forward IV 78, V537, XVIII 40, A VI 25, CVII 182, XX 39. [OE: cp. potion, *putian\

pured pp. refined IV 95, A IV 82. [AF purer} pureliche, puyr(e)liche adv. thoroughly X 319; merely XIII 196; entirely, totally XIII 259, XVI 51, C XV 229; essentially, truly XVII 176, C XVIII 233, XIX 141. [fr. adj.] purfil(l), purfyel, porfiel n. fur trimmings, furs IV 116, V 26, A V 26, C I V 111. [AF] purflled pp. wearing clothes richly trimmed II 9, A II 9, C II 10. [prob. ME from prec. but cp. CF porfiler] purgatorie, purcatorie n. purgatory II 104, VI 44, A VIII 11, C VII 117; time in purgatory VII 106, A VIII 88; C IX 186; ~ on erthe a life of suffering devoted to God C XV 92. [AF] purgen v. fig. cleanse as by an emetic XV 567, C XVII 232. [AF purger] purpos n. proposition advanced in argument VIII 125, X 119, A IX 115, C X 121. [AF] purs, pors n. purse, money bag V 191, XIII 300, A V 110, C VI 266; pi. XX/ XXII 219. [OE] pursue)) v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. attends upon, accompanies XI 186; pa.t.Ssg. XI 15, C XI 174; pr.t.Ssg. follows (in imitation) XIX/XXI 430; seeks after III 241; intr. pa.t.Ssg. went in pursuit XIX/XXI 163. 2. pa.t.lsg. tried, strove A V 75; 3sg. C XVII 167; imp.sg. XII 242, C XIV 174; pp. V 95. 3. pa.t.Ssg. attacked XI 62, C XII 14. 4. pr.t.Ssg. brings suit XVII 308. 5. pa.t.pl. plotted against C XVIII 164. [AF pursuer] pursward adv. in tautological phr. into ~ financially C Pr 101. [ME] purtinaunces, purtenaunce appurtenances n. property or easement incidental or adjunct to a principal one fig. II 104, A II 68, C II 111; fig. related sins C XVI 332. [AF purtinance] purueie v. provide XIV 29; pa.t.Ssg. made provision V 167. [AF purveier] put n. abyss X 375, A XI 256; fig. dungeon XIV 174; pi. V 405, C IX 72. [OE pytt] putourrc. lecher C VI 172. [AF] putrie n. lechery, sexual adventures C VI 186. [AF] putte(n), pute(n) v. 1. push, thrust VI 103, A VII 95, C XV 234; pa.t.Ssg. XIII

Q quake v. shiver X 60, A XI 46, C XI 40; tremble XX/XXII 200; pa.t. S sg. quaked XVIII 248, C XX 63, 257. [OE cwacian] quantite n. in adv. phr. a ~ appreciably XIX/XXI 374. [AF] quarter n. 1. one fourth, a quarter A V 131, C VI 223. 2. pi. dry measures of eight bushels IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61. [AF] quartron n. one fourth V215. [AF] quaued v. pa.t. S sg. shook XVIII 61. [? OE *cwafan] queed n. wickedness, sin XIV 190. [OE cwead, cwed] queynte adj. 1. dishonest, underhand C XIX 236. 2. notorious C IV 161. 3. comp. more elegantly dressed A II 14. [AF] queyntely adv. ingeniously XIX/XXI 347. [fr. adj.] queyntise n. deceptive trickery XVIII 275, XIX/XXI 351, C XX 297. [AF] quelt/7/x dead XVI 114. [OE cwellan] quenche v. fig. extinguish XVII 205, C XIX 171; pr.t. S sg. XVII 259, 274, C 167

quenche - rape

Glossary

XIX 225; pi. XVII 348, C XIX 328; pp. overcome XVIII 346, C XX 391. [cp. OE dcwencan] quen(e), queene «.(!) queen XIII 169, A II 14, C VIII 46. [OE cwen] quene n.(T) ordinary woman C VIII 46. [OE cwene] queste n. trial, by jury or inquest XX/XXII 162; pi. C X I 20; panel of jurors of the consistory court of St Paul's C II 113. [AF] questions n. theological problems X 72, A XI 58, CXI 52. [AF] quiete n. in adv. phr. in ~ at rest I 123. [AF] quik] sitte(n) v. 1. be seated, sit V 386, A VIII 19, CIII 11; pr.t.3sg. XII 203, C XIV 142; pi. A X 59, C VI 54; pa.t.lsg. XVI 225, C XV 106; 3sg. V 307, A V 158, C P r l l 4 ; pi. V 338, A VII 107, C VI 396; pr.subj.sg. XII 2; pa.subj.sg. C VI 99, XIV 2; fig. sit enthroned V 606, A VI 93, C VII 255; pr.t.Ssg. V 610, A VI 96, C I 122; prp. C XIX 203; fig. II 172, All 136; pa.t.Ssg. II 165, All 129. 2. pr.t.Ssg. sit in judgement XIV 288, XIX/XXI 304, C XVI 123; pi Pr 96, C Pr 94. 3. in position VII 146, A VIII 128, C IX 295; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 108; pi. hang V 529, A VI 17, C XVIII 64; pa.t.pi V 520, A VI 8, C VII 165. 4. stay, remain fig. XIV 219, C I 114; pr.subj.sg. C X 40. 5. seat (oneself), sit XIII 33; pr.t.Ssg. C IX 251; pa.t.lsg. V 7, A V 7 . 6. pa.t.Ssg. of a reptile XVIII 288. [OEsittan] sixe num. six: as adj. Ill 326, A XI 106, CIII 479; as n. 1X23, A X 22; -score dayes duration of a legal term III 146, C III 184. [OEn'x] sixte num. adj. as n. sixth XIV 304, C XVI 139. [OEsixta] sixty num. sixty: as adj. V 434, C III 234; asn. XX/XXII 24. [OE sixtig] skalones n. shallots, scallions C VIII 308. [AF scalun] skile, skele n. 1. cause, reason XI 1, XII 216, C VI 22, XVIII 83; pi. C XI 160, XIII 130; grounds X 306, C V 1 5 3 ; reasons of excuse XVII 336, C XIX 316. 2. reasoning, intelligence C XV 135; line of argument or thought XIV 281, XVII 198, A XII 34, C XVI 121. 3. sound judge-

sin, sinfulness I 203, XIV 326, A I 177, C XVIII 286; fig. XIV 326, C XVIII 38; persistence in sin V 13, 363, A V 142, C Pr 124, X 221; temptation to sin VIII 45, A X 77, C XVII 285. 4. guilt of sin I 149, A IX 41, C I 146; a state of sin C X 213; wipouten any ~ innocent of man XVI 99, C XVIII 132. 5. pi. seuene ~ the capital sins XIV 202, C XVI 60. 6. dedly ~ sin that deserves damnation, mortal sin I 144, A IX 46, C VI 276; pi. IX 210; venial ~ less grievous sin, punished in purgatory XIV 93. 7. grave error XI 431, C XIII 238. [OE synn] synnelees, synneles adv. without sinning VI 230, A VII 214, C VIII 236; without sin C XIV 41. [OEsynleas] synne(n), synege(n) v. commit sin, sin V 66, A V 1 5 1 , C VII 124; pr.t.Ssg. VIII 21, A IX 23, C XIX 165; pp. VII 184, A VIII 162, C X 214; pr.subj.sg. may fall into sin XII 172, C XIV 112. [OE synnian, syngian] synneward n. in phr. to ~ toward sin XIII 345, C VI 179. [ME] sire, sir n. 1. in respectful address sir XI 411, C X 1 2 7 ; pi. XX/XXII244; before a title lord Pr 125, A IV 128, C II 249; honorific ~ Piers XIX/XXI 343; before a pers. IX 1, A X 17, C IV 34; as honorific before an academic title XIII 103, C XV 121; a priest's Christian name V 312, C VI 367; used derisively V 189, A V 184, C VIII 275; satirically II 114, IV 67, XX/XXII311, A II 53; indignantly XX/XXII 186. 2. father Pr 193, A II 19, C Pr 109; gen. ~ name father's surname C III 367. 3. as n. lord A XI 62, C VIII 280; pi. A XI 22, C Pr 179; ruler XVIII 280, C XX 302. [AF] syse «.(!) assize, judicial inquest C II 181. [AF] syse «.(2) Assisi in Umbria C VII 166. sisour n. juror impanelled at an assize or inquest, sworn recognitor IV 167, C IV 162; pi II 59, A II 44, C II 61; fig. II 165, A II 129; pi C II 182. [AF assissour red.] sip, sip(p)en, sipenes, seth, sethe(n), se(n)ne(s) adv. 1. then, thereupon, afterwards Pr 128, I 68, III 47, A I 134, IV 15, C III 409, VI 356. 2. next (in order) V41, IX 103, A V 37, XI 251, C VII 144; also IX 136, C IX 308. 3. from that 189

skile - snakes

Glossary

ment, good sense C VI 25; a reasonable frame of mind XIX/XXI 284. [cp. OI skit\ skilfole adj. as n. discerning one C XI 94. [ME] skynnes n. pi. skins, pelts V 256. [cp. OI skinn] skipte v. pa.t.3sg. moved swiftly, leapt XI 107, C XII 41. [?OSc] skolde n. ill-natured woman A XII 34. [? cp. OI skald] skornfully adv. contemptuously A XII 12. [ME] slake, slokke v. satisfy XV 281; quench XVIII 368, C XX 410. [OE slacian] sleen, slen v. kill Pr 206, A III 263, C VI 107; pr.t.pl. XVII 278, C XIX 259; pa.t.pl. X54, A XI 40, C XI 35; imp.sg. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pp. C Pr 113, XI 264; pr.t.3sg. abolishes XIV 91; destroys XIV 95; abs. pa.t.3sg. brought death XX/XXII 150. [OEslean] sleep n. 1. sleep II 97. 2. sluggish inactivity Pr45, II 99, APr45, CPr46. [OE step] sleight, sleythe n. 1. prudence, wisdom XIX/XXI 98; pi. wise counsels XIII407. 2. stratagem XVIII 162; pi. XIX/XXI 99; schemes C VI 107. 3. pi. cunning tricks XIII 364, XV 129, C II 94, XIX 236; by ~ dishonestly XX 14. 4. sophistical argument XIX/XXI 457. [cp. OI sl<egS\ slei3 adj. skilled, expert XX/XXII 163; superl. most dexterous, capable XIII 297. [cp. OI slcegr] sleyliche adv. craftily C VI 107; superl. by most secret design C XI 264. [ME] slepev. 1. sleep A VIII 150; fig. VI 301, A VII 285, C VIII 323; pr.Usg. XIV 2; 2sg. 15, A I 5, C I S ; 3sg. XI 267, C XII 152; pa.t.lsg. V 375, C Pr 8; 3sg. V360, AV202, C VI 418; pi XIV 69, C XV 268; pr.subj.sg. V 604, A VI 91, C VII 252; prp. XI 413, C XIII 221; while asleep Pr 231, A VIII 133, C Pr 13; in her sleep XVIII 300; pp. V 4, A V 4. 2. fall asleep VIII 67, C Pr 7; pa.t.Bsg. XIII 21. 3. lie in bed XVII 328, C XIX 308. 4. doze in idleness C V 9; fig. pr.t.pl. are spiritually inert C XV 303. [OE sLepan, slepan] slepyng ger. state of being asleep, sleep Pr 10, V6, APr 10, V6.

sleube, slewthe, sloube n. 1. sluggish idleness, slothfulness Pr 45, VI 143, A Pr45, C VIII 244, 1X159. 2. the capital sin of sloth V 449, A V 221, C II 106, XI 108; fig. A II 66; pers. V 385, A V 213, CVII1. [OEstewfi sliken v. pr.t.Ssg. make sleek, fill out II 99. [*slidan] slymy adj. bleary, rheumy V 385, C VII 1. [cp. OE slim n.] slynge n. weapon for throwing stones by hand, sling XX/XXII 163. [MLG and cp. AF eslinge] slombred, slomeride v. pa.t.lsg. dozed off, drifted Pr 10, A Pr 10. [MDu slumeren] sloo n. wet earth, mud C XII 180. [OE slob] slow adj. sluggish, inert XIII 407; idle C VIII 243. [OEsltew] smale adj. little Pr 147; small C XVIII 63; as n. fig. XVI 80, C XVIII 111; thin A XII 78. [OE sm<el] smaii3te, smauhte v. pa.t.Ssg. smelled V 356, C VI 414. [OE gesmteccan] smellep see SMYLLE. smerte adv. hard, painfully XI436, C XIII 242. [cp. OE smeart] smerteb v. 1. pr.t.pl. hurt, cause to smart XVII 329, C XIX 309. 2. impers. pr.subj. hem ~ they are in distress III 168, A III 155. [OEsmeortan] smylle, smellep v. 1. bear the smell of C VII 50. 2. pr.t.Ssg. fig. stinks XI 436, C XIII242. [? OE smellan, *smillan] smyte v. 1. strike C VI 105; pr.t.Ssg. C XX 385; pa.t.3sg. C XVIII 155; pp. Ill 324, C III 477; pr.t.pl. have an effect like a blow, hit XVII 327, C XIX 307, 327. 2. pr.t.3sg. fig. affects XI 436, C XIII 242. [OEsmitan] smyth n. blacksmith III 324, 477. [OE sm ip] smythye, smethe v. forge, refashion by smithing III 307, C III 460; pr.Usg. manufactures, forges III 324; pr.subj.sg. C III 477. [OE smipian, srnepan} smoke n. smoke XVII 327, C XIX 309. [OE smoca] smolder n. acrid vapour from burning wet wood XVII 327, C XIX 309. [cp. ME smarter] snakes n.pl snakes XV 112, C XVI 267. [OE snaca]

190

snow - solace(n)

Glossary

immediately XIX/XXI 5. [AF sodein adj.] soden v. pa.t.Ssg. boiled, stewed XV 293, C XVII 20; pp. XV 433, C IX 149. [OE seofran] sodenes, southdenes n. pi. officials of the ecclesiastical court next in rank below dean, subdeans, parish priests appointed as rural deputies to enforce ecclesiastical law II 173, XV 132, A II 137, C II 190. [AF *sudene: cp. CF sodaien, souzdaien] sodome, sodoume n. Sodom XIV 76, C XV 230. sofistre n. expert practitioner C XVII 309. [AF] soft adj. 1. quiet, low VIII 122, A IX 112, C X 1 1 8 . 2. pleasantly warm Pr 1, A Pr 1. CPr 1. [OE] softe adv. 1. gently, in a comforting manner XX/XXII 313; comp. XX/XXII 310. 2. slowly XIV 211, C IV 54, XVI 52. 3. spynnen ~ spin so as to produce loose yarn V214, A V 130. [OE] softely adv. 1. quietly, w. a low voice III 37, XIII 199, A III 36, C II 168. 2. w. an easy gait II 165, A II 129; comfortably C II 181. 3. slowly XVIII 117, C XV 28, XX 120. 4. discreetly, unobtrusively C IV 162. 5. without resisting, weakly V 7, A V 7. 6. w. affection C III 54. [OE softlice] soil(l)ed v. pa.t.lsg. dirtied, befouled, stained XIV 13; pp. XIII 342. [AF soiller] soiourneth v. 1. pr.t.Ssg. is in residence C X 18. 2. pa.t.lsg. delayed XVII 86. [AF sojourner] sokene, sokne n. soke, privileged administrative division of territory, liberty II 111, A II 75, C I I I 14. [OEsocn] solace, solas n. 1. comfort, consolation VII 88, XIV 283, C XVI 311; good cheer XII 150, C XIV 94. 2. enjoyment, pleasurable circumstances XIV 159, XVIII 219, C XII 208, XIII 19; amusement C VIII 22; in ~ takeb cheerfully accepts XV 173, C IX 131. [AF solas] solace(n) v. 1. comfort, give hope and spiritual encouragement V 498, C VII 256; pr.Usg. C XVI 152; pi. XIII 452, C VII 112; pp. XIX/XXI 22. 2. cheer, hearten XVII 237, C XIX 203. 3. fig. entertain, amuse XIII 442, C VII 102;

snown. snow XV 112, C XVI 267. [OE maw] so adv. 1. in the manner described, thus, so II 24, III 109, A II 86, CIII 95; in such terms X 252; in that state XIII 408; by that means XIV 191, XX 16, A XI 236(1), C I 145, XVII 20; similarly III 344, V 37, A V 241, VIII 109, C V 99, XI 43; w. ben of a situation so, such, the case IV 137, V 498, VII 150, A II 19, C VIII 97; of contingency: ~ it may bifalle such a thing can happen XVI 60; ~ myhte happe as it could turn out C XV 6; ~ may be as is possible C V 33; if possible C VIII 41. 2. impl. or indie, of consequence to such effect, in such as way (that) Pr 126, XIII 64, A II 24, C XV 24; to such an extent, degree so: w. v. VI 256, X 76, A VII 163, C VII 304; w. adj. Pr 188, A V 106, C I 55; w. adv. P r l O , XV 3, A I 42, 72, C VII 49; int. w. adj. or n. of quantity so Pr 202, XII 5, A XII 8, C IX 95; by ~ muche to that extent III 353, C VII 141; neuere ~ w. subj. however VIII 32, A IX 28, C III 423. [OEswd] soconj. 1. accordingly VII 182, X 257, A XI 195, C I 199, V44; correspondingly, similarly XII 83, C III 329; so, thus V 428, IX 90, C VII 41, XII 97; consequently V613, VII 71, A VI 99, C VI 247, X 43; by that (means) VI 228, IX 208, A XI 124, C XI 98; then, next V 566, 570, A VI 57, C VII 213. 2. intro. adjuration III 8, V 226, A IV 91, C X 108 3. provided (that) IV 102, 193, A VI 70, 123, C II 128, III 389; by ~ XI 74, XII 166, C IV 98, 187; by ~ bat XIV 55. [OEswd\ sobbed v. pa.t.Ssg. wept w. sobs XIV 329. [?] sobre adj. temperate, controlled XIV 55, C XV 254. [AF] sobreliche adv. gravely XIII 203. [ME fr. adj.] sobretee, sobirte n. moderation, temperance pers. X 170, A XI 122, C XVI 152; fig. XIII 217, XIV 318, C XV 186; selfrestraint XIV 298, C XVI 134. [AF sobrete] socourrc. help XX/XXII 170. [AF] sodeynliche adv. 1. abruptly, without warning XIII 20, C XV 23; all of a sudden XVII 215, C XIX 181. 2. forthwith, 191

solace(n) - soone

Glossary

refl. take recreation XII 22. [AF solacier] soleyn n. solitary, man without a companion XII 205, C XIV 144. [AF solein] solempneliche adv. ceremoniously C III 54. [AF solempne] solitarie adj. alone, without company C XVII 7. [AF] solue v. sing to the sol-fa syllables V 416, C VII 31. [MLsoluare] som(e), somme, sum pron. indef. sg. one person, one III 286, XVI 142, A III 262, C III 439; an unspecified amount or portion, some VI 263, XV 248, A VII 247, C XVII 20; pi. an indefinite number of persons, some people, some Pr 20, IV 110, A Pr 23, X 182, C Pr 90, XIV 103; w. advers. force others I 125(2), XI 198(2), A I 114, C Pr 93, IX 199; indef. one or more V 627, A VI 112; one here, another there XIII 345, C VI 179. [OEsum] som, somme, sum(e), summe adj. w. sg. n. 1. one or another, some (or other) II 4, V 373, VIII 125, A XI 113, C III 292, IV 149. 2. some (rather than none*) X 443, XIV 217, C XVI 58. 3. some (sort or degree of) XVII 319, C II 131, V 127. 4. w. pi. n. certain, some particular XI 226, XV 351, C X I 196, XVIII 149. 5. in adv. phr. ~ tyme on occasion, occasionally, sometimes V371, CIII 120, VI 79, VII 28, XII 38; at one time V 137, XII 295, XIV 122, C III 104, XV 298; some time or other XIV 119, C XV 295; awhile V 199, A V 1 1 5 , C VI 207; eventually XIX/XXI 441, C XVI 17; once XVIII 297, C XX 330; at least once C VIII 22; at intervals XV 193, C V 47; ~ tymes formerly XIII 309, C VI 57. [OE sum} somde(e)I, sumdel adv. in some degree V 431, 1X151, C X X 8 ; to some extent III 92, XIV 279, A III 81, C XVI 119; in some measure C VIII 41; very much, greatly C VII 190. [OE sumd<et] somer, somur n. summer XIV 115, C VI 112; fig. a time of enjoyment XIV 164, C XVI 17. [OEsumor] somme n. total number, sum XVII 32, C XIX 33. [AF] somme adj. of one mind, w. one accord III 13, A III 13, C III 14. [OEgesom or ME isom] somonour, sompnour n. officer who

summons defendants to an ecclesiastical court IV 167, C IV 162; pi. II 59, A II 44, C I I I 9 0 . [AF] sompne, somone, somoune v. 1. call together, summon II 159, A II 123, C II 175. 2. issue a summons III 316, C III 469. 3. pp. invited XI 112, C XII 47. [AF somoner] somwhat, sumwhat/»ro«. indef. something (to come) C XVIII 263; something (of doctrine) XV 393, A XI 181; in phr. dyne ~ have something to eat, have some dinner VI 260, A VII 244, C VIII 276; for ~ for a purpose XI 92, C XII 33. [ME] somwhat, sumwhat adv. to some extent, degree XII 20, XIX/XXI 453. [ME] sond, soend, sand n. land XI 327, C XVII 89; earth C XIV 40. [OE] sonday, sonenday n. Sunday V 360, A V 202, C XVIII 181; pi II 224, A l l 183, C IX 228. [OE sunnandteg] sonde n. 1. ordering of events C VI 111, IX 179. 2. gift C XVI 136. 3. message 1X130. [OEsand] sondry, sundry adj. 1. separate, individually distinct XVII 155, C XVIII 190; the several XIV 269, C XVI 109. 2. different XIII 38; various XII 31, XV 282, C Pr 96, XVIII 152. [OE syndrig] sone n. son IV 45, A IV 32, C III 368; pi. VII 169, A X 167, C V 72; of Christ I 167, A VI 121, C VI 171; in relig. address 15, A IX 22, C XVIII 67. [OE sunu] songn. song XII 150, C XIII 17; pi. C VI 189; of- as a singer XIII 297. [OE] songewarie, sowngewarie n. interpretation of dreams VII 154, C IX 303. [ME fr. AF soungnarie] sonne n. sun Pr 1, A V 202, C Pr 14; fig. C XVIII 72; pi. Ill 326, C III 479; sunlight V81, A V 6 4 . [OE sunne] sonnen v. bleach in the sun XIV 21. [fr. n.] soone, sone adv. 1. in a short time, before long VI 129, A IV 57, C XV 94. 2. immediately III 47, A XII 47, C XII 6; so ~ directly C X 249; quickly XI 425, C XIII 64. 3. readily, easily III 57, A VIII 11, C XV 175; comp. sooner X 423, A XI 282, C XI 255; more readily XII 171, A XI 309, C III 62; pe ~ without delay C II 144; superl. most

192

soone - sotile

Glossary

24; pers. truth itself, the principle of truth ideally fulfilled in conduct II 189, IV 162, A II 150, C II 203; true justice XVII 305, C XIX 285. [ME] sop n. piece of bread dipped in liquid as obj. of little value XIII 125; fig. mouthful XV 180. [AF sope] sopares n. soap manufacturers C V 72. [ME] sope n. soap fig. XIV 6. [OE sape] soperw. supper V371, C VIII 273. [AF] sophistrie n. specious or dishonest argument XIX/XXI 347. [AF soupstrie] sorcerie, soercerie, sorsery n. 1. the magic arts X 215, A XI 158; enchantment XV 12; charms C VI 191. 2. sorcery, witchcraft XV 596, C XVII 309. [AF] sore n. 1. injury C XX 385; pi. fig. wounds XX/XXII 358. 2. pi. sicknesses, diseases, XV 589, XX/XXII 97, C XVII 300. [OEsdr] sory adj. 1. unhappy, sorry V 128, XI 104, A V 105, C XV 211. 2. sorry to have offended God, contrite V 399, A VI 86, C VI 91, VII 15; as n. person in distress XVII 350, C XIX 330; coll. pi. pe~ A XI 193. [QEsdrig] sortesn. Socrates XII 271, C XIV 192. sorwe, sorewe n. 1. grief, distress V 491, XIV 283, C P r l l 3 , XIV 80; depression A V 213. 2. misery XII 248; period of affliction Pr 191; state of wretchedness XX/XXII 199. 3. affliction, distress, trouble IV 62, C VII 86; misfortune XII 116, C XIV 61; ruin III 163, A 111 144; pi. XVII 340, C XVI 311; calamities C III 90. 4. suffering, pain V 489, XX/ XXII 43, C VII 130, XVI 327; hardship, discomfort C XX 2. 5. misfortune, punishment II 121, A III 153, C XIX 311; ~ on bad luck to II 116, A II 80. 6. compunction, contrition V 127, XVII 320, A V 104, C XVI 29; self-reproach XII 248. [OEsorh] sorweful adj. in great distress XVII 92, C XVIII 15.[OEsorbful\ sothfastnesse n. pers. Christ who is truth XVI 186. [OE soffestness} sotil adj. 1. unsubstantial, incorporeal XV 12. 2. expert, accomplished XIII 297, C X 208. 3. clever XVIII 54, C IV 149; crafty, cunning XV 400. 4. intricate, ingenious XV 48, C XVI 210. [AF] sotile v. develop subtle arguments, make

quickly I 70, A I 68, C III 436; most readily III 58. [OE sona] soor adj. painful XIV 97. [OE sdr] soore, sore adv. painfully XVIII 49, C XX 49; grievously V 393, XVIII 88, A II 105, C VI 276; bitterly V 98, 462, A V 234, C VII 149; comp. more intensely C XV 282; extremely XIV 162, C VII 85; strenuously XIX/XXI 438, XX/XXII 260; firmly, hard XI 225; earnestly XVII 295, C XIX 276; deeply V 504. [OE sdre] scores see SORE. soop, sope, soeth n. w. forms of siggen truth, that which is true Pr 52, A IV 48, C II 26; pi. home truths III 283, C III 436; w. forms o/telle the plain truth IX 159, A X 182, C XVII 211; pe ~ the real facts, actual circumstances, true situation I 86, III 217, XI 96, A IV 66, C III 273; of points of law XIV 288, C XVI 123; in phr. for ~ for a fact XI 298, C V 3, XVI 305; quasi-adv. truly V 595, C V 86; for sure V 632, C VII 285. [OEso>] soop, sop, soeth adj. true attr. X 16, A X 81; superl. X 447; pred X 436, A VII 121, C X 2 1 2 , XI 199; valid VII 66, A VIII 68, C IX 62; correct XI 439, XVI 60, C V 92, XVI 206; fulfilled as truth X333. [OEso>] soobfast, sothfaste, soethfaste adj. veritable X 242, C XI 284; unwavering, steadfast XIII 217, C XI 129; fig. uniform in quality C XVIII 69. [OE sopfest} sooply, sobly, soethly adv. honestly XIV 314, C VII 190; openly, candidly X 236, A XI 179, C I 116; plainly C VII 280; justly C I I I 246, 330; truly V 238, XII 133, A XI 175, C X 18, XIX 57; veritably XVI 145, C VII 209, XVII 179; for a fact XII 173, XIX/XXI 371, C XVIII 58; indeed III 190, A III 177, C IX 218, XI 281; really XI 240, C XII 129; certainly XX/XXII 244, C II 138, XVII 184; actually X 279, XV 162, C XI 129, XVI 227, XVII 307; effectively III 5, A III 5, C III 5; in a real sense XI 335, XVII 149, C XIII 143; w. true devotion XIX/XXI 87. [OE sofllce] soobnesse, sopnesse, soethnesse n. devotion to truth XI 147, C XII 82; pers. God who is truth II 24, XVIII 283, C II

193

sotile - space

Glossary

over-fine distinctions X 188, A XI 140; pa.t.lsg. skilfully composed C VI 189; contrived w. ingenuity X 220; pr.t.Bsg. craftily plans XIX/XXI 457; pa.t.lsg. schemed C XX 333; 3sg. C XVII 169. [AF sotiller] sotiltees n. 1. fine points of knowledge C XIV 76. 2. strategems, artifices C XII 240. [AF] sottes n. fools, blockheads X 8, A X 59; worthless rascals C IX 257. [AF sot] souche v. devise, contrive C XII 240; pr.subj.sg. intends C II 26. [AF soucher] soude n. money paid as fee or retainer III 353. [AFsoude] soudeb v. pr.t.Bsg. pays (as soldiers) XIX/XXI 429. [AFsouder] souke v. suck fig. XI 121, C XII 56. [OE sucan] soule /i(l) 1. the individual's incorporeal and immortal part as seen in its relation to its creator and according to that relation, as capable of attaining to eternal bliss, or, failing that, of being liable to eternal torment I 37, 62, 84, VI 87, 252, A III 49, IV 123, VI 69, VII 136, X 72, 77, C V 39, VI 314, VII 88, X 158, XVII 82; pi. II 141, V 127, VII 84, A II 70, C V 48, 198, VIII 96. 2. the inner self, heart of hearts X 263, XIII 287, A III 58. 3. the emotional part of man's nature, spirit XII 57, XIX/XXI 293, C XIV 115; disposition XVII 263, C XIX 229; of Christ as man XVIII 304. 4. person, individual III 353, X 305, C V 152; pi. VII 184, XIII 45, A X 175, CXII 151, XVIII 15. [OE sdwol] soule, sowl «.(2) relish, condiment C VIII 284; fig. C XVII 24. [OEsufet\ sound adj. uninjured VIII 33, A IX 29, C X40. [OEsund] souneth, sowne v. pr.t.3sg. inphr. ~to has t o d o w . C V I 5 9 ; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 453, C XI 77; pr.Usg. implies C IX 217. [AF souner] soupe(n) v. eat supper, sup II 97, A VII 203, C VIII 227; pr.t.Ssg. XV 180; pi. XIV 178, C XVI 13. [AFsouper] sour adj. 1. tart, acid XI 367, C XIII 177; vinegary XIII 43, C XV 48; ~ loof sour loaf of leavened bread XIII 49, C XV 55; spoiled, past its prime XVI 72, C XVIII 99. 2. disagreeable, painful XI 259, XX/XXII47, C XX 218. [OEsur]

soure adv. disagreeably, painfully II 141, CII157. [OEsure] soutere n. cobbler XIII 339, C VI 83; pi. X 467, A XI 184; somer game of ~ guild entertainment, (?) football game V 406. [OEsutere] southdenes see SODENES. south adv. in the south VII 146, A VIII 128. [OEsup] southe, sowpe n. south C I 117, IX 295. [OE sup} southwerk, southewerk n. Southwark XIII 339, CVI83. southwestrene, southwestryne, southweste adj. from the southwest V 14, A V 14, C V 116. [OE supwesterne] souereyn n. 1. supreme ruler XIX/XXI 77. 2. pi. persons of highest rank XII 200, C XIV 139; most exalted souls X 432, A XI 291, C XI 268. 3. superiors VI 80, A VII 72, C VIII 82. [AF] souereyn, souerayn adj. 1. greatest, supreme XIV 115, XVIII 219, C XV 291; of supreme excellence XI 379. 2. superlatively efficacious Pr 159, XX/XXII 372, C I 147; highly beneficial X 211. 3. principal X 215, A XI 158; superior CVI27. [cp.prec.] souereynly adv. w. absolute power C XX 394; most particularly, above all X 207, XI 184, C XIII 201; beyond all else C VI 92. [fr. adj.] so ware n. one who sows, sower C XVIII 225. [fr. v.] sowe n. sow XI 342, C XIII 150; pi. V 340, C VI 398. [OEsugu] sowe v.(l) 1. sow seed V 541, A VI 29, C VII 186; pr.t.lsg. V 546. 2. trans. sow VI 63, A VII 58, C VII 187; pa.t.lsg. XIII 374, C VI 271; pi. XV 365, C XVII 102; pp. V 543, A VI 31, C XII 180; pp. sowed land w. seed VI 5, C VIII 3; fig. pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 275. [OE sdwari] sowe, sewe v.(2) 1. fashion by sewing, sew VI 11, C VIII 10; sew at, work at w. needle and thread A VII 19. 2. sew up VI 9, A VII 9, C VIII 8. [OE seowtan] sowestere n. seamstress V 307, A V 158, C VI 362. [MEfr. v.] sowynge(e) ger. sowing Pr 21, A VIII 104, CPr23. spacer. 1. opportunity III 171, A III 158, CIII 217. 2. period IX 100. [AF]

194

spade - sperhauk

Glossary

speke(n) v. 1. utter words, speak XIV 85, XV 56, C VI 432, XIV 7; pa.t.3sg. X 454, C XIII 225, XVIII 230; pi XIX/XXI 130. 2. converse, talk C III 463; pa.t.3sg. XIV 99; pi. II 228, A II 187, C II 238; ~ togideres XV 275; pr.t.Ssg. ~ to addresses XVIII 262, C XX 270; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 180; instructed V214, A V 130; pi. invited C II 238. 3. make a statement, express a view, opinion, speak Pr 129, III 171, A III 158, C III 217; pr.t.3sg. XI 287, XVII 35, C XIX 36; pa.t.Ssg. C XV 152; pa.t.2sg. stated XII 192. 4. pr.t.3sg. -of refers to XII 143, XV 574, C XIII 101, XIV 87; pa.t. Ssg. I 49, A I 47, C XVI 36; pi. dispute about V 149, C VI 122; pa.t.lsg. mentioned XIX/XXI 373; Ssg. XIII 24. 5. ~ ayein disagree w. XIII 132; pr.t. Ssg. criticizes XV 54, C XVI 216; pr.t. Ssg. pleads in court VII 47, A VIII 49, C IX 46. 6. trans, say, speak Pr 111, XV 611, C II 104; pr.t.2sg. XIX/XXI 402; pa.t.Ssg. V 362, A V 204, C VI 420; pi. C IV 44. [OE specan] spekes n. caves XV 275. [L specus] spele v. live frugally, save C XIII 77. [OE spelian] spelle v. declare (in an act of faith) XV 611, C XVII 319. [OEspellian] spelonkes n. caverns XV 275. [L spelunca] spences, spensis n. costs, outlay XIV 198, C XVI 39. [AF espense] spende, spene v. 1. pay out, disburse, spend X103, A VII 209, C V 64, XI 75; pr.tpl XV 329, C XVII 72; pr.subj.pl. XV 143; pp. XV 133, C XVI 280; pr.t. Ssg. incurs expense XVII 80; intr. spend VI 223, C II 104; pr.t.pl XV 77, C XVI 236; pr.subj.sg. X 90. 2. pr.t. Ssg. puts to use VII 47, A VIII 49, C IX 46; pi. C IX 74; ~ vppon/on use for the benefit of C XIII11; pp. V373. [OE spendan] spendynge ger. disbursement XIV 198, C XVI 39; squandering XV 126; as attr. ~ siluer means of support XI 287, C XIII 101. spendour n. spendthrift C V 28. [fr. v.] spene see SPENDE. spere n. spear XVIII 12, C XX 80. [OE spere] sperhauk n. sparrowhawk VI 196. [OE spearhafoc]

spade n. spade III 309, C III 462; pi VI 187, A VII 175, C VIII 183. [OE spadu] spayne«. Spain XV 521, C XVII 272. spakliche adv. eagerly, urgently XVII 84; ~ he loked his look was alert, eager XVIII 12, C XX 10. [cp. OI spakliga] spare v. 1. ~to avoid, refrain from X 103, XI 101, C XII 35; pr.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 302; pa.t.lsg. XVI 64; pr.t.lsg. hold back C VI 151; trans. pr.t.Ssg. refrains from using V 40, C V 138; imp.sg. A VII 11; pa.t.Ssg. refrained from killing III 273, C III 426; imp.sg. leave undestroyed III 272, C III 425. 2. save, put by C IX 74; pa.t.3sg. hoarded up, saved XV 143; abs. pr.t.pl hoard XII 51; do without C X 84; pp. saved V 373; abs. live sparingly C XIII 77. 4. ~ for to be your friend be niggardly in cultivating your friendship III 51. [OE sparian] sparyngeger. refraining V435, C VII 48. speche n. 1. utterance, speech V 183, 435, A X 53, C X 186, XIV 7; language X 213, A XI 241, C X I 280. 2. the ability to speak IV 156, VII 47, A VIII 49. 3. talk II 154, A II 118, C II 45, III 109; discourse XIII 150, A XI 122, C X 56; formal statement, pronouncement A X 34, XI 241. 4. mode of speaking, address, speech II 42, IV 17, A VI 40, 53, C II 86, 242. 5. of content, w. pass. what (sbody) said, (sbody's) speech Pr 52, 72, A Pr 69, C IV 153, XVI 208. [OE sp<ec, spec] spechelees adj. lacking the faculty of speech XV 36, C XVI 198. [OE sp&deas] special adj. exceptional, extraordinary XIX/XXI 30. [AF] spede v. 1. succeed in phr. -if ... my3te in the hope of success III 171, XVII 84, A III 158, C III 217. 2. prosper, get on III 272, VI 45, A VII 44, C VII 240; pa.t.pl C XIII 24. 3. trans, further, promote satisfaction of XX/XXII 55; pr. subj.sg. cause to prosper C X 108. 4. re/7. pa.t.Ssg. hastened, moved swiftly XVII 84; bestirred himself A XII 100. [OE spedan] spedeliche adj. beneficial, helpful A XII 100. [OEspediglic] spedily adv. quickly, without delay A VII 11. [fr. adj.]

195

spice - stared

Glossary

spice n. 1. Jig. herbal medicine I 149; pi. spices V303, AV153, C VI 358. [AF] spicede pa.t.Ssg. seasoned w. spices XIX/XXI288. [fr.n.] spycers, spysours n. apothecaries, dealers in spices II 228, A X 125, C II 238. [AF spicer] spie n. 1. scout XVII 1, C XIX 1. 2. secret agent XIX/XXI 340. [AF espie] spiek n. ear of grain C XII 181. [? CF espic, spic but cp. AF espi, spi\ spien v. be on the lookout for II 228. [AF espier] spyer see SPIRE. spillev. 1. put to death XIX/XXI 302. 2. ruin III 310; pr.t.Ssg. spoils V 40, C V 138; pa.t.lsg. C VI432; imp.sg. destroy III 272, C III 425; fig. in a name ~ loue XIX/XXI 340. 3. waste, squander C III 463; pp. V 373, C VII 48; misuse IX 100, C XIV 7. 4. spend freely X 103. 5. shed XIX/XXI 445. 6. intr. perish C XI 41; pr.Lpl. XV 135. [OE spillan] spilletyme n. idler, layabout C V 28. [ME] spynne(n) v. make yarn, spin V 214, A V 130, C VI 222; imp.pl. VI 13, A VII 11, C VIII 12; intr. Ill 310, C III 463. [OE spinnan] spynnestre, spynnestere, spynstere n. woman who spins yarn for a living V 214, A V 130, C VI 222. [fr. v.] spynnyng ger. spinning C IX 74. spire, spyer n. 1. scion C XII 181; fig. offspring XVIII 230. 2. tongue of flame (Acts 2.3, 4 dispertitae linguae tanquam ignis) IX 103. [OE splr, MDu spier} spire, spere v. ask, make enquiries C III 109; pr.t.lsg. am in search of XVII 1, C XIX 1. [OEspyrian] spirit n. incorporeal supernatural rational being, spirit XV 36, XVIII 262, C XVIII 188; Seint- the Holy Ghost XVII 161, CXI 151. [AF] spiritual adj. concerning the soul in its relation to the deity, spiritual XIV 285. [AF] spiritualte «. income received for spiritual services from church endowment funds V 149; contrasted w. the spirituality of the earliest friars V 150, C VI 125. [AF] spiserye n. spiced ale or wine C II 104. [AF spicerie] spitteden v. pa.t.pl dug w. the spade C VIII 184. [OEspittan]

spitten v. pr.t.pl. spit X41. [OE spyttan] spores n.pl. spurs XVIII 12, C XX 12. [OE spora] spottes n. pi. stains, spots XIII 314. [OE *spot and cp. OI spotti] spouse n. husband C XIII 11. [AF spus] spouside v. pa.t.pl. married A X 179; pp. A X 159. [AF espouser] sprede v. 1. spread (as fertilizer) III 310; pa.t.pl. C VIII 184. 2. intr. pr.t.Ssg. extends in growth A X 125, C XIII 24; fig. increase XX/XXII 55; pr.t.Ssg. C XVI 246; pi. XV 94. [OE sprzdan] spryng n. rod, switch V 40, C V 138. [OE] sprynge v. 1. grow C XII 181; pr.t.Ssg. A X 125, C XIII 24; fig. XX/XXII 55, A X 127, C XIV 27; pr.t.pl. XV 92. 2. pr.t.Ssg. arises, originates, proceeds XII 68; pi. C XVI 244, XVIII 188; pa.t.3sg. C X 227, XVIII 230; pr.subj.pl. XIV 198, C XVI 39; pp. XVI 209. 3. pa.t.Ssg. jetted forth, sprang XIV 65, XVIII 86, C XV 264, XX 88; fig. XI 201, C XII 109. 4. pa.t.Ssg. dawned XIX/XXI 150. 5. pp. born XVI 196, C XVIII 205; descended C X 260. [OE springan] spuen v. pr.t.pl. vomit X41. [OE spiwan] squire ».(!) esquire C X 266; pi. CPr81. [AF esquier} squire n.(2) carpenter's square C XI 124. [AF esquire] stable adj. steady in purpose, resolute A X 114. [AF] stable v. become stable, come to rest I 123. [fr. adj. but cp. AF establir] staf«. staff, stick V 345, A V 193, C VI 106; pi. Pr53, A V 2 8 , C P r S l , V 130. [OE stef[ stake n. post, stake C III 381. [OEstaca] stale v. 1. pa.t.lsg. stole XIII 366, C VI 265; pi. XIX/XXI 156; imp.sg. V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224; pp. as adj. C XVII 40. [OEstelan] stale see STELE. stalken. stemyzg. C XVIII 39. [?] stalles n. pi. stands, counters XVI 128, C XVIII 156. [OE stel, steall] stalworpe adj. restored to full strength XVII 99. [OE stelwirpe] stank v. pa.t.Ssg. smelled foul, stank XV 594. [OEstincan] stared v. pa.t.lsg. looked long and hard

196

stared - stonde(n)

Glossary

2. super I. ~ vnder girdel sexually most potent XIII 293, CVI43. [OE] stifaflfv. firmly VIII 32, A IX 28. [fr. adj.] stifliche adv. firmly, resolutely C III 346, X36. [fr. adj.] styhlede v. pa.t.Ssg. arranged the seating C XV 39. [OE *stihtlian, cp. stihtan] stikede v. pa.t.Ssg. intr. was set, fixed C III 381. [OEstidan] stikke n. stick XII 14; pi. twigs XI 348, C XIII 159. [OEsticca] style n. stile C VI 145. [OEstigel] stille adj. silent X 7, A XI 39, C XI 33. [OE stille] stille adv. still, without movement A X 99; without bestirring himself XII 180, C XIV 120; quietly 1X108; silently XIII 99, C XV 106; constantly XV 224; always XIX/XXI 421. [fr. adj.] styngep v. pr.t.Ssg. stings XVIII 155, C XX 158. [OEstingan] stynte, stunte v. 1. come to a stop, cease from movement I 123; stop, pause X 226, A XI 169; imp.sg. pause V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223. 2. desist, leave off C II 169. [OEstyntan] stired see STERE. styward, steward n. manager or administrator of the legal and financial affairs of a great household or estate V 47, XIX/XXI 461, A V 39, C XV 39; responsible officer XIX/XXI 256; pi. Pr 96, C III 122. [OE stiweard] stodyenge ger. perplexity A IV 143. stok(ke) n. 1. trunk, stem fig. XVI 5, C XVIII 30; pi. XV 98, C XVI 251. 2. kind, species XVI 14; sour ~ variety that produces sour fruit C X 208. 3. pi. by melon, idols, images of false gods V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223. 4. pi. instrument of punishment, stocks IV 108, VII 30, A IV 95, C VIII 163. 5. pi. device(s) used in finishing cloth XV 453. [OE stoc] stomble v. falter, lose (his) footing C X 35; pr.Usg. VIII 32, A IX 28. [? ODa] stonde(n), stande v. 1. stand XVIII 373, C V 113; pr.t.Ssg. II 5, A II 5, C XX 42; pa.t.lsg. A XII 61; 3sg. Pr 183, A II 169, C XV 39; pi. XVIII 83, A IV 143, CXX85; pr.subj.sg. VIII 32, A IX 28, C X 36; remain standing V 387, A V 193, C V I I 3 ; stand up VIII 31, A IX 27, C X 35; pr.subj.sg. C XIX 89; fig. stand firm VIII 46, A IX 42. 2. of

XVI 168, A XII 61; pa.t.pl. gaped A IV 143; prp. w. eyes wide in amazement X 4, A XI 4, C X I 4. [OEstarian] statut, statuyt n. Statute of Labourers (1349-50) VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [AF] stede n.(\) 1. estate, temporalities V 47, A V 39; pi. C V 145. 2. the office, position Pr96, C Pr 94. 3. place VI 61, A VII 56, C VIII 60. [OE] stede n.(2) charger, war-horse XIII 293, C VI 43. [OEsteda] stedefast adj. solid, durable XV 583, A X 114. [OEstedefest] steere, stere n. tiller VIII 34, A IX 30. [OE steor] steerep v. pr.t.Ssg. guides VIII 46, A IX 42. [OEsteoran] stekie v. w. cam. be closed I 122. [*OE stecan] stele, stale «.(!) handle XIX/XXI 279. [OE stela] stele «.(2) steel by melon, sword, knife C VI 106. [OEstel] steppe, stepe v. set one foot before the other, walk XVII 57, C VI 403. [OE steppan] stere v. move XVII 57, C XIX 56; intr. pa.t.Ssg. XX/XXII 103. [OE styrian] steryngger. motion C X 36. [OE styrung] sterlyng n. English silver penny XV 349; pi. lossheborwe ~ counterfeit coins C XVII 83. [AF] sterne adv. sternly, severely XV 253. [OE stirne] sterneliche, sturnely, sturnliche adv. resolutely Pr 183, C Pr 200; disapprovingly X 4, A XI 4, C XI 4; so ~ loked had such a menacing look VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [fr. adj.] sterre n. star XVIII 233, C XX 242; pi. VII 166, A VIII 144, C IX 310; heavenly bodies, planets and constellations XII 223, XX/XXII 256, C XIII 173; day ~ Lucifer A VI 80. [OE steorra] sterte v. move quickly, rush C XIX 301. [OE *styrtari\ sterue v. die C VI 290; pr.subj.sg. XI 432, C XII 180; pi. die of hunger C IX 101; pr.t.Ssg. decays and dies X 303, A XI 209, C V 1 5 0 . [OEsteorfan] stewed pp. regulated, controlled, governed V 47, A V 39, C V 145. [OE stowian] stifadj. 1. commanding, inflexible XV 594.

197

stonde(n) - studie

Glossary

buildings pa.subj.pl. would be standing XIV 253, C XVI 93; pa.subj.sg. of an institution would survive XIV 252, C XVI 92. 3. be situated, stand fig. XIX/XXI 380; pr.t.pl. V 576, A VI 63, C VII 223; pa.subj.sg. fig. XIX/XXI 363; pr.t.3sg. is set, imprinted I 50, A I 48, C XVII 205. 4. stand idle VI 112, A VII 104, C VIII 119. 5. rest, be motionless I 123. 6. be valid XV 583; exist as a real concept XVI 218. 7. ~hye be expensive III 48, A III 47, CIII 51; ~ for^ pr.t.pl. come forward II 72, A II 54, C II 74; pa.t.3sg. XI 34, C XI 193; be in the forefront C III 346. [OE standan] stone v. put to death by pelting w. stones XII 75. [EMEfr.n.] stool, stoel n. 1. fald-stool, hassock V 387, C VII 3. 2. pi. pynynge ~ cucking-stool III 78, A III 67, CIII 79. [OE stot] stoon, stoen n. stone XV 583, C XIV 37; vnder ~ in the tomb XV 594; rock C VI 106; pi. XII 75; pi. gems II 16, C II 13; fig. the solid earth XII 223. [OE stan] stoppe v. 1. give the check to, make ineffective C IV 150; pr.t.Bsg. put an end to XVIII 415, C XX 458; shutout, exclude C XX 283. 2. pr.subj.pl. stop up, plug C XX 285. [OE *stoppian] stories n. pi. the Historia Scholastica of Peter Comestor VII 72. [AF estoire] stottesn. draught horses XIX 267, C XXI 267. [OEstott] stoue see TOMME. stounde n. while, time VIII 65, A IX 56, CX64. [OEstund] stoupe v. stoop (to the ground) C V 24; bow the head in prayer V 387, C XI 195. [OE stupian] stowue see TOMME. Stratford n. Stratford at the Bow in Essex XIII 266. straunge adj. unfamiliar, strange C XVI 70. [cp. AF estraunge] straw(e) n. straw XIV 234, C XII 181, XVI 75; as sthing worthless XIV 252, C XVI 92. [OEstreaw] strecche v. stretch (himself) XIV 234, C XVI 75. [OEstreccan] streynep v. pr.t.Ssg. lies at full length XIV 234, C XVI 75. [AF streindre} streyte adv. w. strict observance Pr 26, A Pr26, CPr28. [AF streit] streyves, strayues n. unclaimed stray ani-

mals Pr94, CPr92. [AF straij] strenede v. pa.t.Ssg. forth ~ begot, reproduced C XIII 171. [OE streonan] strenghe n. 1. physical strength C XVII 241. 2. military power C XV 171, XXI 358. 3. fortification, defensive work C XXI 365. 4. logical force C III 345. [OE strengu] strenghe v. strengthen C III 346. [OE *strengan] strengpe, strenthe n. 1. physical strength, capability V 345, IX 21, A VIII 82, X 20. 2. force, compulsion XVII 321. 3. prowess in arms XI 295, C XIII 109; military power XIII 173, XIX 358; pi. enemy forces C III 238. 4. fortification, defensive work XIX 365. [OE strengpu] strengpep v. pr.t.3sg. gives strength to VIII 46, A IX 42; imp.sg. A X 114. [fr. n.] streten. street C IX 122; road XII 103, C XIV 48; pi. X311, A XI 211, C VI 50. [OE stnet] strikares n. vagrants, vagabonds C IX 159. [fr. fol.] strike v. 1. beat, strike, pelt XII 75, C XIV 42; pr.subj.sg. punish by beating XII 14. 2. pa.t.3sg. ~ forp came forward Pr 183, C Pr 200; imp.sg. go on past V 577, A VI 64, C VII 224. [OE strican] stryuen v. in phr. ~ ayeins resist VI 320, A VII 301, C VIII 340. [fr. AF estriver] strompetrc. adulteress C XIV 42. [?] stronge adj. 1. physically powerful XII 160, C XIV 104; in full strength C XIX 89. 2. flagrantly guilty XII 190, C XIV 129. 3. superl. most formidable (in joust or combat) XIII 293, C VI 43. [OE strang] struyen v. destroy (by killing) XV 597(1), C XVII 305(1); pa.t.pl ruined XV 597, C XVII 305; pr.t.pl. bring to ruin C VIII 27. [ME red. fr. destruien] studie, stodie n. 1. application of the mind, study C XV 180; planning, deliberation Prl81, CPrl98. 2. pers. application of the mind to learning, study X 145, A XI 98, C X I 81; dame- X I , A X I I , C XI 1. 3. abstracted state of mind A XII 61. 4. private room furnished w. books, study III 345. [AF] studie, stodie v. 1. apply the mind A XII 6. 2. ponder, reflect C IX 318. 3. scheme, deliberate XIII 288. 4. pa.t.pl.

198

studie - suster

Glossary

allow to continue (in a state) XX/XXII 293; pr.t.pi. XII 53. 9. allow, permit Pr 206, X 123, A IX 47, XI 76, 83, C X 251; pr.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 441, C IX 117; pi. C Pr 119; pa.t.lsg. C X 253; 2sg. V 482, C VII 138; Ssg. XV 412, C III 328; pr.subj.sg. I 146, A I 134, C I 145; imp.sg. Ill 92, A VII 72, C III 120; pi. XVI 159, C XVIII 176; intr. XX/XXII 322.[AFsuffiir] suggestion, suggestioun n. impulse, prompting, intention VII 66, A VIII 68, CIX62. [AF] sugre, sucre n. sugar V 123, A V 100, C XVI 150. [AF] supersedeas, supersedias n. writ of stay or termination of legal proceedings C II 190, IV 190; fig. 1X264. [L] suppriour, supriour n. prior's assistant and deputy V 171, C VI 153. [ML] suren v. give assurance, promise V 540, A VI 28. [ME assuren] surfet, sorfeet n. excessive eating and drinking A V 2 0 1 ; pers. VI 265, A VII 249, C VIII 275; pi. excesses, bouts of gluttony XIII 404. [AF surfait] surgenrie n. surgery: by synec. healing powers XVI 106. [cp. AF surgien] surgeries surgery XX/XXII 178. [AF] surgien n. medical man, physician XX/ XXII 310; healer C XVIII 139; pi. fig. XIV 89. [AF] surquidous adj. as n. pers. arrogance, presumption, overbearing conduct XIX/XXI 339. [cp. AF surquide n.] surrie, surie, surre(e) n. Syria XV 398, C XVII 169. suspectioun n. expectation C XVII 313 [AF suspection] sustantif n. (grammatical) substantive C 111336;,%. CIII 353. [AF substantij] sustenaunce, sustinaunce n. subsistence, food XX/XXII 7, C V 126. [AF] sustene v. pr.t.pl. keep in being, maintain IX 111, C X 204; pp. kept alive XV 280; provided w. food C VIII 17; fig. pr.t.pl. provide spiritual food for XV 468. [AF sustenir] suster, sustre, sister n. 1. sister V 642, A X 153, C XII 170; pi. A XI 191; fig. XVIII 180, C III 208; pi. V 618, A VI 110, C XX 206; as attr. sister's A X 179. 2. female member of a religious confraternity III 63, A III 52, C III 67;

set their minds to, made it their aim XV 597, C XVII 305. 5. be perplexed VII 149, A VIII 131, C IX 298; pr.t.2sg. XII 223. [AF studier] stumble)) see STOMBLE; stured see STERE. stuwes, stewes, stuyves n. the brothel quarter VI 70, A VII 64, C VIII 71; pe ~ prostitution XIV 252, C XVI 92; wenche(s) of/wymmen at be ~ prostitute(s) XIX/XXI 435, C XIII 75. [AF estuve] subtileb see SOTILE. suffiseb v. pr.t.Ssg. is enough, suffices XV 387, C XIV 12; pa.t.3sg. C XIX 35; pr. subj.sg. XVII 241, C XVII 119. [AF suffiser] suffraunce, soffra(u)nce n. forbearance VI 144, C XIII 201; tolerance (of misdemeanour) C Pr 124, III 208; pers. vnsittinge ~ corrupt tolerance IV 189; patient submissiveness A X 119. [AF] suffre(n), soffre, soffry v. 1. undergo, experience II 106, V 154, C XVI 175; pr.t.pl. XIV 175, C I X 7 7 , 84; pa.t.lsg. XIII 309, CVI57; 3sg. XIII 66, C XVII 270; pi. XV 260, A XI 69, C XV 70; pr.subj.sg. C VII 305; of Christ pa.t.Ssg. XIII 444, C VII 104; intr. XVIII 246, C XX 256; pa.t.Ssg. XV 266; pp. C XX 217. 2. endure XI 259, C III 400. 3. submit patiently (to) V 608, XVII 340, A V 5 1 , C XIII 220; pr.t.Ssg. XV 174; pa.t.Ssg. XVIII 214, C XVII 10; imp.sg. C VIII 89; imp.sg. fig. endure patiently X 162, A XI 114, C X I 104; submit to, be ruled by X 257; pr.t.Ssg. XVI 193, C XVIII 202; intr. behave submissively Pr 131, XI 383, A X 118, C Pr 214; pr.t.Ssg. XV 200; pa.t. Ssg. C XIII 12; live in submission to God's will IX 207, A X 216. 4. intr. wait patiently XV 266, XX/XXII 107; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 102; pr.subj.pl. XVIII 163, C XX 269; imp.sg. C II 47; fig. IV 20, A IV 18, C IV 20; pp. XI 413, C XIII 221. 5. tolerate VIII 51, A XI 66, C XIX 105, XX 437; pr.t.lsg. IV 1, A IV 1, C IV 1; pi. C Pr 96, IX 131; pr.subj.pl. CX9\;pp. C XIII 115; overlook, close an eye to II 175. 6. intr. pr.t. Isg. exercise forbearance, forbear XI 377, C XIII 195; Ssg. XI 380, C XIII 199; pa.t.Ssg. XV 266; imp.sg. X 373. 7. bear, sustain XII 8, C XII 179. 8. 199

suster - swynke

Glossary

pi. of nuns C VI 137, XVI 295. [OE swistor and cp. OI systir] sute, seute n. livery, household XIV 257, C XVI 97; fig. human form V 487. [AF siute] suwe(n), sewe(n) v. 1. accompany XI 335, XVII 109, C XIII 180; pr.t.2sg. XI 375; 3sg. fig. C XVII 145; pi. fig. Pr 45, A Pr 45, C Pr 46; pa.t.3sg. XX 126; pp. VIII 75; pr.subj.sg. keeps company w. XIV 254, C XVI 94; pat.pl. ~ faste paid court to, were very often w. IV 167; ~ compaignye/felawschipe associate w. XI 424, C II 106; of cattle tend, herd C VII 187; pp. V 543, A VI 31; fig. pr.t.Ssg. keeps track of C X 162. 2. follows A XI 245; pa.t.lsg. XVII 87, C XIX 81; imp.sg. C XII 167; pat.pl. came after XVIII 192; pr.t.Bsg. pursues XIV 326; intr.pl. followed C II 200. 3. conform to XI 22, A II 53, C XI 181; fig. pr.t.Ssg. CIII 353; pi. X 207, A XI 249; pat.3sg. C III 326; fig. pr.t.pl C XVIII 72; pr.subj.sg. XX/XXII 22; prp. C XX 358; pr.t.pl. follow the guidance of V 59, C V 200; intr. ~ to pursue A VIII 62; prp. quasi-adv. correspondingly C XVIII 63. [AF suer, sewer] swage v. reduce, abate A V 100. [AF swager] swanwhit adj. snow-white, white as a swan C XX 214. [ME] sweyed, swi3ede v. pa.t.3sg. ~ so murye was so musical Pr 10, A Pr 10. [OE swegan] swelle v. 1. become distended, swell XIX/ XXI 283; pat.3sg. A XII 74. 2. trans. pr.t.Ssg. puffs up, makes conceited XII 57, C XVI 227. [OEswellan] swellyng ger. distended condition V 123, C VI 88; fig. as of pregnancy XVI 72, C XVIII 99. swelte v. die V 154, C VI 129; pat.3sg. XX/XXII 105. [OE sweltan] swerd n. sword I 99, A I 97, C I 103; brood ~ long, double-edged sword III 305, CIII458. [OEsweord] swere(n), swerye n. 1. undertake upon oath, swear I 99, A I 97, C I 103; pr.t.lsg. V 226, A V 142; pa.t.Ssg. IV 83, A II 133, C IV 79; pi. II 169, C II 184; intr. take a juror's oath C V 57. 2. affirm by oath XIII 304; pa.t.lsg. C VI 51; 3sg. XV 406; pi. XV 596; ellip.

swear falsely C XVI 306. 3. utter an oath, swear V 557, A VI 44, C VII 201; pr.t.pl. VII 21, A VIII 23, C IX 25; imp.sg. V570, A VI 57, C VII 217. [OE sweriari] swete adj. 1. sweet to the taste V 123, A V 100, C XIII 177; comp. C XVIII 60; fragrant A X 123; fig. XVI 72, C XVIII 99; beneficial XIV 316, C XVI 150; comp. XIV 316, C XVI 150; more delicious XII 266, C XIV 186; fig. XV 184. 2. agreeable Pr 86, XI 59, A Pr 83, C XII 11; asn. sweetness XI 259, C XII 145. 3. in affectionate address dear XVII 127. [OE swete] swete v. sweat, make great effort VI 25, A VII 27, C Pr 36, V 57; prp. C VIII 240. [OE swditan] swettenesse n. degree of sweetness C XVIII 63. [OEswetness] swetter adv. comp. more enjoy ably VI 217, A VII 203, C VIII 227. [fr. prec.] sweuene n. dream, vision Pr 11, A VIII 138, C IX 311. [OEswefin] swich, such(e) adj. 1. of the kind or character described, such I 194, II 117, A II 81, C II 106; ~ a III 121, A XI 29, C Pr 134; w. pi. n. Pr 32, A III 77, C Pr 64; ~ manere III 244, C IX 218; ~ a manere C XVII 151. 2. of such a kind, so much, such III 300, A V 72, C VI 37. [OE swilc] swich(e), such(e) pron. 1. pi. rel. such people, persons VI 219, VII 31, A X 110, C I X 1 9 ; such a lesson A XI 245. 2. illative sg. such a one XVII 320, C XVII 1; pi. -as VII 41, C II 47; -pat X26, A XI 249, C III 288. [as prec.] swift adj. swift, rapid XI 379: comp. XII 265, CXIV 186. [OE] swymme(n) v. swim XII 162, C XIV 107; pr.t.3sg. XII 239, C XIV 171. [OE swimman] swymmere n. man able to swim XII 166. [fr. prec.] swymmyng ger. swimming, how to swim XII 165. swynn.pl. pigs, swine II 98, CV19. [OE swtn] swynk«. labour, toil VI 233, A VII 217, C VIII 240. [OE swine] swynke v. work, labour V 541, A VII 27, C VIII 24; pat.pl. Pr21, APr21, C Pr 23; apply effort, put (one's) back into it, 200

swynke - take(n)

Glossary

48, A IV 35. 2. seize 196, XIII 97, A I 94, C I 92, XV 104; pr.t.3sg. Ill 140, A III 129, C III 178; pa.t.3sg. XIX/XXI 56; imp.pl confiscate XV 564, C XVII 227. 3. pa.t.Bsg. fig. took prisoner, captured (w. bribes) XX/XXII 137; pp. XVI 158; (in battle) C XVII 287; apprehended, surprised in the act XII 74. 4. pr.t.Bsg. comes upon, seizes VI 144; pr.subj.sg. VI 261, A VII 245, C VIII 271; pp. attacked XVII 56; of illness etc. pr.t.Bsg. afflicts XIII 336, C VI 80; pp. XIII 333, C VI 77. 5. appropriate, take XV 310, XIX/XXI 460, C I 96; pr.Usg. XIX/XXI 468; 3sg. XX/XXII 11, C I V 49, IX 65; pi XV 331; pa. subj.sg. XX/XXII 7; pp. saved XII 190; intr. pr.t.Bsg. acquires III 293, A III 268, C III 446. 6. take upon himself, undertake VI 225, C P r l 2 1 ; pa.t.3sg. XVI 164, C Pr 117. 7. pr.t.Bsg. takes (as spouse) XIV 267, C XVI 107; pa.t.3sg. Ill 107, A III 96, CIII 138. 8. adopt XIII 75, C XVII 186; pr.t.3sg. XIII 126, C XV 133; pi. XV 208; pa.t.3sg. Ill 95, XII 283, A III 84, C XIV 205; pr.t.pl appoint C V 79. 9. assume XIX/XXI 72; pa.t.Bsg. XVIII 222, XX/XXII 41, C XX 231; pp. 1155, CI151. 10. pa.t.pl derived XII 237; pp. XVI 204. 11. acquire, obtain, get XI 323, C III 123, IV 29; pr.t.lsg. XI 141, XV 87; pa.t. Isg. XVII 110; intr. pr.t.pl. VII 62, A VIII 64. 12. receive VI 139, XIV 184, C XIX 215; pr.Usg. XIV 142, C I X 9 1 ; pi. Ill 218, XI 290, A III 234, C III 311; pa.t.lsg. V 249; 3sg. XV 277; pi. XIX/ XXI 39; pr.subj.sg. C III 295; pp. XII 90; abs. pr.Usg. VII 79. 13. accept III 88, XV 420, A VIII 48, C VI 289; pr.Usg. II 34, III 353, C VI 298, XVI 311; pi III 247, VII 41, A VIII 85, C IX 54, 131; pa.t.lsg. C VII 203; pr.subj.pl. XII 123, C XIV 66; pa.subj. pi. C XVII 36; imp.sg. XX/XXII 135, A III 222; pi. C XX 93; pp. XI 263, C IX 92; pa.t.pl accepted in preference XI 334, C XIII 142. 14. conduct, take III 4, A III 4, C III 4; pr.t.Bsg. A II 49; pa.t. Bsg. drew aside XIII 177, C XV 174; fig. pa.t.Bsg. C IV 166; pi IV 77, A IV 63, C IV 73. 15. pr.t.lsg. carry C IV 52; pr.subj.sg. XIII 163. 16. move, take XVIII 84, C XX 86; pp. XVIII 70, C XX 72. 17.

work for a living Pr55, VI 216, A Pr 52, VII 202, C Pr 36, VIII 261; pr.t.lsg. exert myself VII 122, A VIII 104. [OE swincan] swynkeres, swynkares n. pi. working people XVII 211, C VIII 258. [ME] swibe adv. quickly C XIII 53; immediately 1X135, A IV 23; as- without delay III 102, A III 91, C VI 422; very V 462, A V234, C VI 316. [QE swibe] swowe v. lose consciousness V 154, C VI 129. [OE swogan: cp. geswogan] swowe see A SWOWE. swoune, swoene v. lose consciousness XVIII 57, C XX 57; pa.t.lsg. XVI 19; pi. XX/XXII 105; pa.t.3sg. fainted V 441, XIV 329, C VII 55. [OE fr. pp. of swowen]

T tabard, tabbard n. sleeveless jacket, jerkin V 195, A V 1 1 1 , C VI 203. [AF] table n. dining table XIII 443, C IX 253; pi. counters C XVIII 156. [AF] taboure, tabre v. play the drum XIII 230, C XV 204. [AF: cp. taborour] tacches n. faults, bad qualities IX 151. [AF tache] tail/?. 1. tail XII 244; fig. XII 251; pi. XV 300, C XVII 31. 2. fig. of a tree's root structure backside, rump V 19, A V 19, C V 121. 3. w. a sexual sense III 131, XV 105, A III 120, C XVI 259. 4. train, band of followers II 186, A II 147, C II 199; transl. L coda conclusion III 351. [QEteget] tailende n. tail-end C III 370; but if my ~ it made unless I had to relieve myself V 388, C VII 4; trusty of his ~ a faithful husband VIII 83, A IX 74. [ME] taillage n. arbitrary taxation XIX/XXI 37. [AF] taillen. 1. tally-stick IV 58, A IV 45, C IV 61. 2. account, reckoning XII 248. [AF] taillours, taylours, taylers n. tailor's V 547; pi. Pr221, A XI 184, C IV 120. [AF] take(n) v. 1. lay hold of, take V 28, XIV 190, A V 2 8 , C XIII 44; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 10, XIX/XXI 170, A III 10, C XX 305; imp. sg. XII 160, C XIV 104; fig. pr.subj.sg. C XV 159; w. sexual sense touches VIII 83, A IX 74, C X 80; pp. seduced IV

201

take(n) - telle(n)

Glossary tarre n. tar as a remedy for scab in sheep C IX 263. [OE teru, teoru] tarse n. expensive oriental fabric, silk XV 168. [AF] tasch n. clasp or clip to hold tinder ? C XIX 215. [?AFtache] taseles n. teasels XV 454. [OE tesel, tdisl] taste(n)v. 1. lay hand on XVIII 84, C XX 86; pa.t.Ssg. experienced sensation, explored by touch XVII 150, C XIX 124. 2. ~ aboute pe moub kiss XIII 345, C VI 179. [AF taster] tastes n. exercises of discrimination, judgement XII 129. [AF tast] tauerners n. tavern-keepers Pr 228, A Pr 106, C Pr 232. [ AF taverner] tauernes n. drinking houses selling wine II 94, CVI50. [AF taverne] taxep v. pr.t.Ssg. assesses I 162, C I 158. [AF taxer] taxour n. assessor VI 39, C VIII 37. [AF] teche(n), tecche v. 1. show, point out VI 6, C VIII 4; pr.t.Ssg. demonstrates C IX 88, XII 178; pa.subj.sg. XVIII 229, C XX 238; pa.t.lsg. described C XIV 12. 2. direct, enjoin XV 572, XIX/XXI 233; pr.t.2sg. C XIII 193; 3sg. I 13, V 106, A V 86, C III 75; pi. XIII 116, C IV 118; pa.t.2sg. XIV 184; 3sg. 117, A IV 87, C II 129; pi. XV 422; imp.sg. ~ to I 83, A I 81, C I 79; pa.t.Ssg. proclaimed XX/XXII 278. 3. pr.t.3sg. prompts I 38, X 343, A I 36, C I 36; pa.t.Ssg. VI 301, XII 231, C XX 203. 4. teach (a lesson or subject) I 145, X 273, A IX 118, C Pr 120; pr.t.Ssg. Ill 125, X 37, A VII 81, C XV 126; pi. X 411, XV 93, A VIII 159, CXI 13; pa.t.lsg. I 76, X 179, A XI 131; Ssg. I 109, A III 260, CIII 437; pi. CXI 214; pr.subj.pl. XII 107, C XIV 52; pp. VI 22, XX/XXII 186, A VII 24; abs. pa.t.pl. X 275. [OE tacan] techere, techare n. teacher XX/XXII 202; pi. XV 95, C XIV 20. [ME] techyng ger. 1. (the activity of) teaching VI 248, A VII 232, C XIV 34. 2. what is taught, instruction, direction X 258, A X97, CII22. teeb n. pi. teeth XV 13; colloq. in phr. maugree his ~ despite his resistance XVIII 81, CXX83. [OEtefi teldit see TILDE. telle(n) v. 1. recount, tell XIX/XXI 101,

take (into use) VII 2, A VIII 2, C IX 2; pa.t.pl. XVIII 239, C XX 248; pr.t.pl. of a writ apply C II 190. 18. give, hand over (to), give in payment I 56, XI 292, A I 54, C III 351, XIII 106; pr.t.Ssg. IV 58, A IV 45, C I V 61; pa.t.Ssg. Ill 45, XVII 79, A III 44, C XIX 76; pa.t.Ssg. delivered, committed (to) XI 170, C XIX 2; conferred on XI 292, C XIII 106; handed over in sale C III 87; pa.t.2sg. ~ mercy for mede dispensed divine mercy (through the sacraments) for money C IX 276. 19. in phr.: pr.t.Ssg. ~ ... to presumes ... in C XIX 37; pr.t.pl. ~ on behave, conduct themselves C XIII 154; pa.subj.pl. traded, conducted business III 85, A III 74, C III 84; pr.t.pl. ~ hem togideres meet and consult, compare notes V 172, C VI 154; ~ kepe to care for C XIX 76; imp.sg. XX/XXII 358. [LOE tacan: cp. OI taka] talerc. 1. statement IV 69, XI 300, A X 81, C XII 173; discourse IX 74; pi. C IV 34, XII 45, XVIII 3. 2. report, account Pr51, XVIII 132, C XIII 88; pi. Pr48, APr48, CPr49; information XI 100; pi. confidential matters XI 99; subjects of debate, issues X 379. 3. list II 115, A II 79, C II 119. 4. fiction, story XIII 172, C XX 145; pi. VI 50, XX/XXII 119, A VII 47, XI 36, C VI 185, 194; false account III 45, A III 44, C III 47; lie XVIII 290; pi. II 220, IV 18, A II 179, C IV 18; malicious gossip XIII 303, C VI 50; slanders V 172, C VI 154. 5. pi. evaluations XII 268; in phr. by ~ counted out V 249; sg. in phr. maketh ~ takes account C III 391; holde ~ set store by 19, A I 9, C I 9; gyue ~ of reckon of importance XIX/XXI 454. [OE talu] taletelleris, taletellares n. sophistical amateur theologians XX/XXII 299, A XI 73. [ME] talewis adj. glib, persuasive III 131, A III 120, CIII 168. [cp. OEgetdwls} talke v. speak, talk XVII 85. [cp. EFris talken] tame adj. as n. tame, domestic animals XIV 116, C XV 292. [OE tarn] tanners n. tanners C Pr 227. [LOE tannere, AF tannour] tapur, taper n. wax candle XVII 206, C XIX 263. [OEtapor] 202

telle(n) - tentis

Glossary

cultivation VI 248, XIV 64, A VII 232. [OE teolung, tilung] tellynge ger. (2) direction XX/XXII 8. telpe see TIL&E. teme, teeme «.(!) set of draught animals, team VII 2, A VIII 2, C IX 2; fig. VI 134, A VII 126, XIX/XXI 261. [OE team] teme».(2) 1. topic, subject VI 22, XI 111, A VII 24, C XII 45; proposition III 351, V 60, A XI 73, C V I 1 . 2. text (of a sermon) III 95, VII 141, A VIII 123, XI 73, CXV81. [AF] tempeste n. commotion, upheaval XVIII 63, CXX65. [AF] temple n. temple (of Jerusalem) I 47, A I 45, C XVIII 156. [AF and OE tempul} templers n. the order of Knights Templar XV 547, C XVII 209. [AF] temporaltees, temperaltees n. pi. lay revenues, lands w. rent-paying tenants XX/XXII 128. [AF] temprep v. pr.t.Ssg. attunes, disposes XIV 312, C XVI 146; pp. Pr 51. [AF temprer] tempted pp. attracted by sin, tempted XIX/XXI 64. [AF tempter] ten, X num. as adj. ten II 83, A II 42, C I 105; as n. I 105, XIX/XXI 165, A VII 226. [OEten] tenaunt n. feudal tenant VI 38, A VII 39, C VIII 36; pi. XV 310, C XVII 45. [AF] tendedenpa.tpllit, kindled XVIII 240, C XX 249. [OE*tendan] tene n. 1. anger VI 117, C VIII 124; vexation VII 119, A VIII 101. 2. anxiety, distress XI 115, A X 145, C XIII 7. 3. painful effort VI 133. [OE teona] tenev. 1. injure, harm XIII 163, C XIV 8; pr.t.lsg. V 425; 3sg. Ill 124, A III 113, C III 161; pr.subj.sg. C III 140; pp. C VII 38; fig. pa.t.Ssg. wounded XX/XXII 119. 2. afflict, oppress A IX 89; pr.t.pl. VIII 99, XV 420; pr.subj.sg. treat w. severity VI 38, A VII 39, C VIII 36. 3. pa.t.3sg. angered III 322, C III 475; refl. II 115, A II 79, C II 119. 4. pp. grieved, distressed X 185, A XI 137, C XI 126. [OE teonian] teneful adj. distressing, grievous III 349, CIII 497. [OEteonjull] tentis n. pi. tents, pavilions A II 42. [AF tente]

C P r 9 ; pr.t.lsg. V 414, C VII 29; 3sg. Ill 237, C I 126; pi. XII 237, A XI 40; pa.t.lsg. XVII 90, A V 9 , C X 289; 3sg. Ill 45, A III 44, CIII 47; pp. C P r i l l ; narrate XIII 230, C VI 50; pa.t.pl Pr 51; give an account of II 186, A II 147, C VI 108, XVI 118; pr.t.pl. X 379; pa.t. Isg. V 10, A V 10; pr.t.lsg. XI 161; ~ of C X I 211. 2. inform, tell VIII 76, XII 18, A IX 67, C VI 56; pa.t.sg. IV 61, C XV 17; imp.sg. I 45, A I 43; pi. C I 43; intr. XII 271, A X 26, C XX 174; pa.t.lsg. C XVI 371; 3sg. II 191, A IV 48, C XVIII 8; pi. C V 178; imp.sg. A XII 28; pi. XIX/XXI 23, C X 127. 3. state, proclaim III 95, XV 414, A VII 66, C VIII 76; pr.t.Ssg. Pr 101, A X 107, C I 146; pi. XI 80, C XII 74; pa.t.lsg. C VI 47; 3sg. IV 157, A VII 66; pi. C XVII 100; pr.subj.sg. XVII 146, C VII 125; pp. X 275. 4. say, speak IX 159, A X 182, C VII 280; pr.t.lsg. V 401, C VII 17; 2sg. XVIII 142, C XX 459; 3sg. XVII 36, A I 86, C XIII 40; pi. XV 29, C XVI 189; pa.t. Isg. X 229, A XI 172, C XI 136; 3sg. XIII 102, C XVIII 244; imp.sg. X 222, A VI 84, C VII 245; pi. V 597, C VII 298; pp. XII 155, C XIV 99; pp. quoted III 346; ~tale(s) pr.t.lsg. lie XIII 332; pa.t.lsg. XVIII 290; imp.sg. IV 18, C IV 18; spread malicious gossip XIII 303, C VI 50; pr.Usg. V 172, C VI 154; intr. speak, say III 104, A III 93; pr.t. Isg. V414; 2sg. V 269; pa.t.lsg. XIII 80; 2sg. C XIV 131; 3sg. X 140, XVI 275, C XVIII 291; pr.subj.sg. C XIX 120; discuss XV 71, A XI 62; her(d)e ~ Pr 164; pa.t.lsg. XVII 200, A VIII 1, C XIX 166; as men ~ as the saying goes XVII 265. 5. disclose, reveal, tell X 5, XI 441, A XI 218, C I 1 1 5 ; pa.t.3sg C VI 70; pi. XVIII 63; pr.subj.sg. C XVI 115; imp.sg. X 161, A XI 113, C X I 103; pp. I 208, A I 182, C III 133; pp. reported C VII 203; pr.t.Ssg. foretells C V 169; pa.t.Ssg. VII 172. 6. direct, enjoin XV 572; pr.t.Ssg. 1130, A II 86; intr. pa.t.3sg. C XI 69. 7. count up, enumerate V 368, C XII 176; pr.t.pl. Pr 92, C Pr 90; pa.t.lsg. counted out V 249; pp. accounted C XIX 242. [OE tellan] tellynge, tulynge ger.(\) husbandry, 203

tercian - bat

Glossary

tercian n. fever that recurs on alternate days A XII 85. [AF] teris n. pi. tears XIII 45, C XV 50. [OE tear] termes n. pi. expressions of apt analogy or comparison XII 237. [AF] termined see YTERMINED. termisonus n. pi. grammatical inflexions fig. C III 406. [cp. CF terminaison] testifie v. 1. ~ for bear witness to, affirm as C XII 173; pr.t.Ssg. proclaims C XI 305. 2. make a pronouncement XIII 94, C XV 101. [AF testifier] text, tixte, tyxst «. 1. wording XVII 14, C XIX 15. 2. text of a sermon XI 111, 115, C XII 50. 3. passge of Scripture cited or invoked in argument III 343, C III 495, XV 133; be/bise ~ the relevant scripture passage(s) II 122, A II 86, C II 132; pi 1134, A I 180, C I 201. [AF texte, tixte] thaddeerc. Thaddeus XIX/XXI 165. ban, then(ne) conj. than: after comp. adv. Pr 52, 1216, A Pr 89, III 96, C Pr 123, I 143; w. adv. unexpr. rather than C I 114; after comp. adj. Pr 191, 19, A I 160, II 21, CPrl68, 1118; ooberwiseIII 275, A VI 52, CIII428. [OE panne] banked see THONKEN. thankes n. gen. as adv. in phr. his ~ willingly C IX 66. [OEpanc] than(n)e, ban(ne), then(ne) adv.(\} 1. of time at that time, then Pr 11, II 49, A V 9, 88, C IV 42, XIII 236; after that, thereupon, then Pr 42, I 58, A III 9, 24, C Pr 148, 167; next in order, then Pr 114, III 35, AV107, 123, C P r l 4 1 , III 27. 2. of incidence, consequence when that is/was done, then Pr 170, VI 291, A VI 98, VII 186, C VI 139; w. weak temporal sense in those circumstances C III 263; accordingly, thus IX 207, XI 219, A X 85, C XV 293. 3. quasi-conj. intro. then, now X I , XIII 216, A X I I , C VII 299. [OE panne] panne, thenne adv.(2) 1. thence, away (from there) II 218, A XI 48, C II 228. 2. therefrom, out of that (prayer) XIV 50, C XV 249. 3. therefor XIV 117, C XV 293; w. ben XIV 281, C XVI 121. [OE panan, panon] bat, that adj. dem. that Pr 167, A Pr 97, C I 4 3 ; -tyme then III 329, A VIII 128, CV173. [OEpet]

bat, that pron. dem. that Pr 107(2), 195, III 51, VIII 73, A I 37, 39, III 50, C I 39, 162; wib ~ thereupon, then Pr 146, A III 25, C VI 1; by ~ at that time, then VI 290, A VII 274, 283, C VIII 313; when VI 299, A VII 283. [OE ^t] bat pron. rel. 1. that, which Pr 51, I 44, II 70, A I 44, 48, C P r l 2 8 , 136. 2. that which, what Pr22, 128, III 84, 159, A V242, VII 88, CIII 83, V 64; in phr. ~ tho ~ the occasions on which C IX 276(1). 3. who sg. Prl78, 158, A I 61, 70, CPrl99, III 248; pi Pr28, 107(1), 133, A P r 5 2 , 85, C Pr 75, 86; whom sg. I 184, III 32, XVII 271(2), A IV 116, VI 35, C IX 130, X133; pi V 70, VI 222, VII 93, A IX 3, C IV 121, 196; to whom X 28, C XI 25; for whom XIV 121, C XV 297. 4. he who VII 128, X 19, XIII 117, A XI 19, 157, C VI 252, VIII 249, XV 287; him who VI 120, XII 187, C VIII 127; for him who X 363, A VII 137; she who V 66, A V 4 9 , C VI 7; those who, they who III 12, 334, A I 68, X209, CIV 33; in address you who I 84, II 75, A I 82, C I 80; in ellip. use in the case of someone who XV 65; in that part which XVII 205, C XIX 171. [OEfct] bat conj. 1. intro. dependent n. cl. that Pr 12, 113, APr67, 160, C Pr 102, 113. 2. intro. appositional or qualif. cl. that Pr32, II 43, A I 182, II 25, C Pr 78. 3. intro. cl. of purpose, undertaking that, so that I 82(1), II 146, A II 50, III 57, C III 144, VI 388. 4. intro. result cl. so that, to the effect that Pr 155, I 26, A II 119, III 52, C I 1 5 4 , III 195. 5. intro. cl. expr. cause because, that III 304, V 91, A II 132, V31, CII48, X 107, XV 87; on the grounds that Pr 84, C Pr 82. 6. intro. optative or hortatory cl. IV 7, V 108, A VII 45, 261, C V 199. 7. in advers. sense after a neg.: ~ ... ne but, on the contrary, rather III 33, V 152, A II 39, VI 39, C V 185, VI 274, 284; withoutprec. neg. but that, but V 447, A V230, VIII 100, C VII 61; w. or without neg. who would not XV 159; who was not XVII 102, C XIX 92; not to be XIX/XXI 293; in phr. bat 'si' ne is where 'si' is not C III 329. 8. intro. abs. infin.constr. XII 21, XVI 105. 9. as rel. adju. to adv. ther ~ where III 177, A III 204

bat - perafter

Glossary

themese, temese n. the river Thames XII 160, C VI 335. benke see &YNKE. bennes adv. w. v. of motion away, from there I 73, X 62, XIX/XXI 424, A II 177; w. v. unexpr. Ill 206, A III 193; away from there II 232, A II 191, C II 242; holde ... -prevent from going there, keep away V 453, A V 225, C VII 67; after prep, fro- C VII 135. [ME frenne] theologie, teologie n. 1. the branch of learning concerned w. Christian doctrine X 185, A XI 137, CXI 126; pers. A XII 9, C II 132; by synec. pers. the doctrine of moral theology on charity X 200, A XI 149; on material possessions II 115, A II 79, C II 119. [AF] ber(e) adv. dem. 1. in that place Pr 58, I 115, A III 48, CPr84, 99; in its place V 65, A V 48, C VI 6; to that place XI 123, C XII 58. 2. at that point XIX/XXI 110, 123, CX242; ri3t~ then and there XI 7, C XI 166. 3. on that occasion, then I 32, VII 197, A II 29, C IV 150, IX 280. 4. in that situation VIII 36, A IX 82, C XVI 142; in that/those circumstance^) XVIII 152, C IX 92, XX 155. 5. \v. intro. force Pr 68, 146, A Pr 84, I 139, C Pr 139, XII 145; w. existential ben Pr 165, 177, A II 14, 38, C III 12, 204. [OE/w] ber(e) conj. 1. there where, where Pr 194, III 34, A IV 109, V95, CPrl72, 1121. 2. rel. where I 133, II 135, A III 14, VI 79, C P r l l 4 , 133; wherever XI437, C XVIII 212; - bat III 177, C XVII 292. 3. in a situation where, when, if XIII 156, XVII 305, CIII 257, 1X67; when XVI 140, XVIII 385, A I 138, CIII 331, VIII 255. 4. whereas, where by contrast III 197, V489, X348, C VII 114, XII 234. [fr. prec.] berafter, j>eraftur, beraftir adv. 1. accordingly, conformably Pr 23, I 147, X 91, A I 135, XII 10, C VIII 90, XI 145. 2. subsequently, after that 1156, VI 114, XI 25, A V 56, XI 180, C VII 136, VIII 121, XI 184; thenceforward A VIII 12; in the afterlife XIV 141; of place next, after it III 342. 3. to that effect III 187, A III 174. 4. crieb - begs for it XVII 124; loke no3t - avert your eyes from them V 578, A VI 65, C VII 225. [OE

164, C II 99; when V 451, C IX 315; since XIII 65, C XV 69. 10. intro. proviso by so ~ XIV 55, C X 306; so ~ IV 102, XIV 86, XX/XXII 22, A IV 89; wty ~ XX/XXII 250, A XII 40, C XI 89. [OE faet] be, pee see K)w. be, the def. art. 1. Pr 1, 9, A Pr 13, 19, 55, C P r 2 1 , 128; gener. - ale, clothes, crowne, doke, flessh, Friday, goost, gut, lif, pombe, prote, wynde. 2. w. comp. or superl. adj. as n. II 46, 197, A II 127, C VI 192, XVI 71. deictic w. pron. X481; w. adj. ~ same similarly III 26; w. n. in adv. phr. ~ while while, as long as Pr 189; w. adv. ~while(s) in the meanwhile VI 8, A VII 8, C VIII 6. [L OE] be adv. w. comp. adv. the, (by) so much the Pr31, 1199, V501, 559, A III 162, IX 30, CII144, XVI 221; in colloc. -...X 186, A XI 138, C III 137.[OEfafa thecche v. roof w. thatch XIX/XXI 238. [OE peccan] bedom n. achievement A X 108; worthwhile activity C VII 53. [ME] bee, thee, be v. pr.subj.sg. may thrive, prosper V 226, 399, AV142. [OEpeon] bef, theef, thief n. convicted or known criminal XII 206, 208, C XX 424; the penitent thief at the crucifixion XII 192, C XIV 135; the impenitent thief XII 215, C XIV 154; pi. thieves C V 17, XVII 138; condemned criminals XII 190, C XIV 130; pi. violent criminals IX 121, A X 139; brigands XIV 308, XVII 56, C XIII 62, XIX 54. [OE/tfofl thefliche adv. stealthily, furtively XVIII 338. [ME] befte n. theft V 233, A XI 280, C VI 349; fig. II 88, C I I 9 5 .[LOEpeofy,peoft] bei, they pron. 3 pers. pi. they Pr 31, 16, A Pr 43, 58, C Pr 44; in obj. use them X 426, XIX/XXI 368, C XI 258; w. dem. force -bat those who II 45, IX 112, A II 27, C X X 8 5 ; -two 1X118; gener. that sort XIII 68(1); as dem. adj. those C IX 202; gen. as poss. adj. ther their C XII 8; - bothe of the two C II 69. [ODan] bei3, bei conj. 1. notwithstanding that, although I 10, 144, VI 226, A I 33, 150. 2. even if Pr 192, III 38, IV 66, A III 38, 119, 149. [OE feah, feh] thekynge ger. thatching C VIII 199.

ferafter]

205

theras - ping

Glossary

theras conj. where II 92, IV 35, C IX 275, XVI 141. [ME] perayein adv. to the contrary, in objection XVI 119, XVII 138. [OE bzrongean] pera3eyne adj. opposed to that C XX 310. [as prec.] perby adv. by means of that XI 174, XIII 298, C X 172; of an oath by that XIII 402. [OEbzrbig] berf adj. unleavened, baked without yeast VI73. [OE beorf, bear/] perfor(e) adv. 1. for it, that: of payment IV 54, C III 89, 277; punishment V 234, C III 467; remedy XII 59, C XIV 23; competition for possession XVI 95, C XVIII 128. 2. because of that, for that reason 1X98, XV 209, A XII 20, C XIII 57, 192. 3. specifying for them C VII 147. 4. to that end, for that purpose 117, A I 17, CX193. [OEbterfore] perfro adv. away from them, it XI 353, C XII 237. [ME] berin(ne), êrin, thereynne adv. 1. in it Prl5, V211, A X 168, C X 225; fig. X 164, A XI 116, CXI 106; of a garment XIV 2; a surface on it I 50, A I 48; inside, within, in it I 12, A X 5, C X 171, XIII 55; within them XVII 164, C III 105. 2. into it 161, V 358, A VI 59, C VIII 61. 3. of abstractions within, in it XII 292, A XI 141; in the subject X 186, AXI 140, CXI 127. [OEb<erinne] bermyd adv. w. it VI 67, A II 37, VII 212; along w. it XV 316; by means of which C IX 271. [OEbtermid] perofflt/v. 1. about it III 248, XIII 419, A X86, C XIII 153; about them C XIV 75; fork XIII 458, A III 63, C P r l l O , XI 157; of emotions of it V 366, VI 197, A VII 184; about it V491, C XIII 153. 2. from it C XIV 32, XVII 139; from them XVI 34; fig. from that circumstance V 142. 3. partitive of it V 221, VIII 55, A V 137, C VI 229; w. it C XI 71; of them CXII 165; privative of it XV 135, CX195, XX 305. 5. pass, of it XVI 5, XVII 216; of custody of it C XVII 296. [OE b<srof\ peron adv. 1. on it II 12, XVII 6, C II 13, XIX 8; fig. C XIV 214; on(to), upon it X l l , XII 120, A XI 11, C X I 9, XIV 63; to it XI 225. 2. in it A XI 144, C XI 130, XII 232; about it V 600, A XI 138, C XIV 74. 3. at it X 407, A VII

13, C VII 50, XII 96. [OEbzron] peroute adv. outside A VI 74; out of doors C V 1 6 . [OEb<erute] pertyl adv. to that course of action C IV 5. [ME] pertoodv. 1. to them XI 191, C XII 103; for it CIX91; against it XVI 44; at it C XVIII48; before it XIX/XXI 200. 2. for that purpose XI 350, XIII 193, C XIII 161; to it XVIII 156, C XX 159; fig. for it XV 562, C XVII 225. 3. in addition IV 59, C X 80, XVI 259. 4. to that course of action IV 5, A IV 5, C XVI 124. 5. to (a melody) XVIII 180, C XX 183. 6. come- acquire it XI 11, XX/XXII14, CXI 170. [OEbarto] pervnder adv. beneath it XIX/XXI 385; underneath XV 116. [OE bterunder] perwip adv. 1. by that means, by means of that 116, V288, A III 224, C V 4 3 , XI 73; w. it III 324, V 33, A I 46, VII 93, CIII 320; by that VI 108, A VII 100, C VIII 115. 2.ofinvolvementw.itX 2 A XI 162. 3. of agreement w. that IV 91, XI 404, A IV 78, C IV 87; by, against, according to it I 178, A I 152, C I 174; accordingly I 89, A I 87, C I 85. 4. then, thereupon XI 406, C XIV 217. 5. besides, as well (as that) III 335, XVI 262, CIII 487, XVIII 278. [OE b<erwib] besternesse n. darkness XVI 160. [OE beosternes] thewes n. pi. kinds of behaviour C VI 141. [OE beaw] pi see K)w. pider, pidir, theder, thed(de)re, adv. to that place, there II 162, A III 246, C I 119, VII 292. [OE] thikke adj. thick XIX/XXI 400; superl XII 228. [OEbicce] pikke adv. in such a throng, in such numbers III 157, A III 147, C III 195. [fr- adj.] thilke pron. dem. those very ones, such ones X28. [OEbylc] ping n. 1. matter XI 101, 105, 421, C XII 35, 39; pi. C Pr 5, XIV 73; detail, particular XX/XXII 245, C VIII 266; pi. VI 209, A VII 195; pi. considerations C III 378; subject X 189, 212. 2. event, occurrence XIII 304, C VI 51; action XVIII 419, A VI 81, C XX 462; experience XI 436, XIV 282, C XIII 242; condition, state C X 285, XI 131,

206

ping - bo

Glossary

VII 136, A III 215, C III 284; pa.t. Pr 182, XIII 221, C XVIII 21; appended pa.t. XIX/XXI 139. 3. of the dream experience pa.t. me- VIII 70, XI 324, A 1X61, C XIX 55; in metels me ~ II 53. 4. pr.t. impl moral judgement IX 165, XI 79, XIII 253, A X 186, C III 108, VII 98; me ~ loth I am reluctant C XV 78; pa.t. of ... no deyntee me ~ I set no store by XI 48, C XI 311; pr.subj.sg. hymlooj)- he detest it XVIII 251. [OE Ipyncan, pencan] Jiynne adj. thin, weak XIX/XXI 400. [OE] pirled, thorlede v. pa.t.pl. pierced I 174, A I 148, CI170. [OEpyrlian] pis, pes, |)ise adj. dem. 1. w. immediate ref. Pr 175, II 19, A II 69, 79, C Pr 192, I 123; pi Pr62, 1124, A II 161, III 24, CPr201, III 81. 2. w. forthcoming ref. I 83, V 597, A III 84, VI 84, C IX 162, XI 246; pi Prl84, 15, A VII 35, C II 195, XIV 199. 3. of time units these past III 39, V 206, A VI 30, XI 106, C VI 233, XX 329; these coming IV 86, A IV 73. 4. pi w. gener. force Pr 22, III 97, A P r 5 9 , II 135, C III 187, XV 208. [OE pes, pis] pis, these pron. dem. this, these 1. of objects sg. IV 96, A VII 280, C XVIII 158; pi VII 55, C IX 96. 2. pi of persons III 80, 292, A XI 292, C VII 112, XI 268; dat. C V 69; of birds VI 32, A VII 34. 3. of fact, occurrence, situation Pr231, III 166, A VII 7, X 10, C IX 88, X 192. 4. of statement, question, quotation, dogma 111, III 236, A I 133, III 260, C III 361, V 89; pi I 200, XIII 420, A VII 259, C VIII 261, XVI 28. [OE pes, pis] piself, thisylue, thysulue pron. thyself, yourself 1. emph. as app. Ill 190, VIII 48, A III 177, C III 236. 2. emph. as nom. subj. II 126, V 489, A IX 47, X 88, C II 130, XI 113. 3. w. impers. v. VIII 51. 4. as refl. obj. V 446, VIII 50, 52, A IX 46, X93, C VII 128, XV 112. 5. as obj. ofv. X 270; of prep. I 24, V 445, A VI 52, C VI 101, VII 123. 6. in address w. imp. IX 136, XVIII 363, C X 224. [ME] l>o adj. dem. pi. those II 200, IV 40, A IX 105, XI 224, C P r l S , 45; w. rel. pron. -...feat II 195, C XVI 250. [OEpa] po, poo pron. dem. pi. 1. those 121, A I

XII 236, XVI 286, XVII 153; circumstance C III 363; pi XVII 321, C XIX 301. 3. deed of enfeoffment, formal legal agreement II 105, A II 72, C II 112; pi lawsuits pending IV 29, A IV 26. 4. entity, thing 1151, 1X25, A I 136, C XVIII 194, XIX 39; pi V 563, XVII 166, A X 28, C XIX 134. 5. being, creature Pr 123, XV 12, C XIV 8, XV 32, XVIII 92; pi IX 30, XVI 184, XVIII 336, XX 254, A X 31, C XV 135, 305; fig. XIV 243, XV 149, C XX 118. 6. object XVI 254, C VI 382, XVII 40; pi X 442, XVII 159, C XX 214; substance V 123, A V 100, C VI 88; pi 1X2; XIX/XXI94. 7. commodity XIV 33, XX/XXII 249, C III 87; pi I 20, XIX/XXI 94, XX/XXII 276, A 1 20, C V 88, VIII 218, XVI 320; human concerns and values C XV 135; piece of property XV 107, 129, 160, C XVI 276, 294; goods C III 87; quasi-adv. in phr. any ~ at all VI 65, XVIII 388, A VII 59, C XX 430. [OE] J)ynke, |>enke v. 1. reflect, meditate, ponder, give thought VII 173, A VIII 149, C XII 91; pr.t.lsg. V 404, A VI 87; pa.t.lsg. XI 117, C XII 52; trans. bear in mind, consider XIV 255, C XVI 95; imp.sg. C VIII 277; pa.t.lsg. had in my mind XVI 229, C XVIII 244; pa.t.pl C IX 308; pp. remembered XIII 267. 2. conceive of V 282; pp. C VI 51. 3. intend, purpose pr.t.lsg. I 21, A III 84, C I 21; 3sg. X 214, XVII 338, A XI 157, C XVIII 264, XIX 318; pa.t.lsg. XIII 86; 3sg. V 84, XII 89, A V 67, C XX 178; pi. VI 298, A VII 282; pr.subj.sg. X 219, A XI 162; w. unexpr. v. of motion XVIII 224, C XX 233; pa.t.Ssg. undertook, set about XIX/XXI 182. 4. pr.t.pl deem, consider (that) C X97. [OEpencan] pinkep v. 3sg. w. dat. ofref. seems, appears 1. w. formal logical subj.: pr.t. Ill 183, IX 153, A III 170, C III 229; pa.t. XI 371, XVI 20; w. contextually indie, logical subject XIII 109, XV 46, C XIII 177, XVI 296; w.ellip.ofsubj. Pr 6, XI 367, XVI 194, A I 105, C XVIII 203; w. grammatical subj. XIV 128, C XI 128. 2. impers. parenthetic: pr.t. me ~ VII 185, A VIII 163, C III 285; pa.t. VIII 70, XIX/XXI 200; as me - pr.t. Pr 165, 207

bo - bow

Glossary

21, CIII 445; those men, people V 325, A V 174, C VIII 25. 2. w. rel. ~ pat those who I 130, III 238, A VIII 80, C V 49, VII 115; as rel. those whom XVIII 355, C IV 196. [OEpd] bo, poo adv. 1. then, at that time Pr 182, VIII 124, A II 131, IV 53, C I 107, IV 105. 2. thereupon, then V 363, VI 121, A IV 49, V251, C I I 1 8 , IV 13; -pat the times, occasions C IX 276. 3. as modal w. inter, actually, indeed A IX 67, CI112. [OEpa] bo cow/, when Pr 176, 147, A V 237, VI 90, CIII65, III 138. [OE/«] bole, boliev. suffer IV 84, A IV 71, CIV 80; pr.t.lsg. XIII 262; of Christ's passion pa.t.3sg. XIII 77, C XV 83; ~ deep XVIII 382, C XX 424; pa.t. 2 sg. XIX/XXI 174; 3sg. XVIII 134, C XX 137; pi XVIII 71, CXX73; intr. pa.t. 3sg. suffered and died XVIII 249, C XX 258; suffer in forbearance C XIX 107. [OE Jmlian] thomas n. man's name A V 28; Thomas a Becket XV 523, A VI 45, C XVII 274; Thomas the Apostle XIX/XXI 165. pom be, thumbe n. thumb V 432, C XIX 136. [OEpuma] thonken v. 1. be grateful to, thank C XIX 107; pr.t.lsg. C XVIII 17; pi. C VIII 135; pa.t.lsg. VIII 111, A IX 101, CX 107; 3sg. C XVIII 19; pi. C IV 152. [OE pancian, poncian] bonkyng ger. expression of gratitude, thanks II 149, A II 113, C II 165. [cp OE pancung\ porn n. thornbush XII 228; hawthorn C II 29; coll. thorny twigs XVIII 48, C XX 48; pi XVIII 47, C XX 47, 321. [OE porn} thorpus see I»ROPIS. poru3, por3, burgh, thorw(e) prep. 1. indie, movement passage through V 561, XIV 304, A VIII 11, C XX 87; throughout XV 571, CIII 377; in II 219, All 178, C II 229; indie, time throughout XIV 113, C IX 254. 2. indie, instrumentality or means through II 153, V 134, 243, A X 41, 50, CIII 451, V 98, VI 21; by I 32(1), 109, XIX/XXI 301, A VI 103, VII 258, C V 127, VII 90, X 208; by means of III 127, VIII 82, XI 81, A X 133, C II 153, 247, III 245; with II 42, V97, VI 323, A VI 122, C I

63, VI 72; for III 214, IV 141, A III 201, C IV 139; from XI 323, XII 100, XIV 83; on XV 295; by right of XI 124. 3. indie, agency through I 32(2), VIII 42, X284, A X 178, C XVI 245, XVII 314; by XI 208, XIII 13, C IX 182. 5. indie, cause because of IV 175, V 484, VI 325, A I 1 1 1 , VIII 127, C Pr 106, I 25, II 250; for III 159, XI 149, C XVII 276; from XIII 355, XIV 77, C III 106, XX 154; of XIV 59; indie, conformity in accordance w. XVIII 389. [OEpuruh, porh] pou3, thouh, pO3, thogh, thauh, thow conj. 1. although, even though, notwithstanding that VI 39, X 184, XII 21, C Pr 203, I 10, VI 60. 2. w. subj. v. even if, even supposing that Pr 205, 135, III 130, C Pr 202, I 19, V 164; less emph. supposing that, if V 92, XII 215, C VI 108, VIII 39; if, nevertheless X 396, C XI 227. [OSc *poh: cp. OI po] bou3t n. 1. mental activity, thought pers. VIII 74, A IX 65, C X 72. 2. consideration, regard, mind C VI 100, VII 20. 3. thought V 505; pi notions XVI 55, C XIX 111; intentions II 91, C II 98. 4. anxiety, concern XIII 4, 21, C XV 4. [OEpoht] pousand, thousend num. adj. thousand VI 191, A VII 177, CIII 234; as n. Pr 147, AV251, C XVIII 153; pi 1116, XVII 21, A II42, C XIX 26. [QEpusend] bow, bou, thow(e) pron. pers. 2sg. thow, you Pr215, 122, A I 5, II 27, CPrl65, I 33; in dir. speech suffixed to v. artow, hastow, kanstow, knowestow, lentestow, my3tow, repentedestow, shallow, trowestow, vsedestow, woltow; ace. dat pee, be thee, you: dir. obj. Pr 125, I 23, A I 37, 133, C I 73, II 53; refl. ace. II 47, III 173, A III 170, IV 7, C VI 12, VII 8; obj. of prep. Ill 38, IV 11, A X 96, C III 144, VII 150; indir. obj. Pr 126(1), II 118, VI 34, A I 182, II 85, C I 24, III 135; refl. dat. V 285, C VI 341; dat. of ref. IV 145, XII 7, A IV 128, VII 33, C V27, VII 106; w. impers. v. 125, III 18, A I 25, C XI 132, XV 250; gen. pi, byn(e) as n. what is yours XIII 149, C VI 289; your adherents C III 136; your army C IV 192; as pass. adj. thy, your Pr 126, I 142, III 266, A I 39, II 5, III 246, CPrl49, 1141. [OEfii, j>e, fin] 208

braldom - til

Glossary

together in a crowd, thronged V 510, A V 251, C VII 155. [cp. OE geprung, geprang] bursday n. Thursday XVI 140, 160. [OE pursdag] burst, brist, brest, furste n. thirst V 381, AV209, XI 46, C VI 438. [OE] bursteb, fursteth v. impers. pr.t. me ~ I thirst XVIII 367, C XX 408. [OE jyyrstan] bus adv. 1. in this/that way, fashion, in such a way, thus Pr 76, II 43, III 75, A V98, VI 102, VII 252, C III 213, 431; w. those words II 52, XIII 198; w. contextual modal emph. so IV 184, X 363, XIII 130, A II 15, VII 192, C IV 178, V 1, VI 137, VIII 213 2. by this means XVI 52, C XVII 181, XVIII 52. 3. accordingly I 136, XVII 154, 294, A I 125, C III 333, X 301. 4. in the following manner II 74, V 12, A VIII 94, C V 1 1 , VI 423. 5. correl. ~ ... bat V 149, C VI 122; w. adv. for emph. ~ soone XIII 38, C XII 6; ~ curteisliche XIII 198. [OE] thusgates adv. to this effect, as follows C XVI 308. [ME] thwytinge ger. whittling, shaping C VIII 199. [OEfntntan] tybourne n. Tyburn, 2 miles west of the City of London C VI 368; by melon, the gallows XII 190, C XIV 129. tid adv. quickly, soon XX/XXII 54; as ~ at once XIII 318. [cp. OI titt] tiderc. time of the day A II 40. [OE fid] tidy adj. 1. virtuous, righteous 1X107, C III 475. 2. equal to the occasion XVIII 299, C XX 332. 3. right for the occasion III 322, C III 475; comp. better adapted to the season C XII 188. [fr. tid n.] tidynges n. pi. information, intelligence XIX/XXI 342. [LOE] tyen, teyen v. bind, confine in prison I 96, A I 94, C I 92; pr.t.3sg. Ill 140, A III 129, CIII 178. [OEtlgan] tikel, tykil adj. easily aroused, sexually responsive III 131, A III 120, CIII 168. [fr. v.] tikes n. pi. churls, villeins XIX/XXI 37. [cp. OI tike] ti\prep. 1. of place to XVII 149, XVIII 224, C I 133, V I 1 1 ; of an occasion C Pr 169, VIII 98; of a person up to C XVIII 168, XXII 134. 2. of time until,

braldom n. bondage XVIII 103, C XX 106. [ME] bralles n. serfs, villeins XIX/XXI 33; fig. A VIII 57. [OEpr<el] bre num. adj. three I 20, A X 167, C III 378; modif. pron. VIII 110, 131, XVII 162, A XI 157, CX106; as n. XVII 30, A IX 105, C XVIII 200; of the Trinity a ~ as three men XVIII 241. [OE pre, preo] bredbare adj. worn smooth, threadbare V 197, A V 1 1 3 , C VI 205. [ME] threschynge ger. threshing w. a flail C VIII 199. bresshe v. pr.t.lsg. thresh (w. a flail) V 546. [OE perscan, LOE prescan, pryscan] bressfold, thresfold, bresshewold n. threshold V 350, A V 198, C VI 408. [OE perscwold, prexold] brest, brist see I>URST. bretynge ger. threat, awful warning XVIII 282. breve n. a considerable number, a couple of dozen XVI 55. [cp. Olprep] bridde num. adj. third V 496, C XVIII 50; as n. X 54, A VIII 55, C XI 158; in appos. after n. be- Pr 121, A IX 69, C XI03. [OEpridda] thrift n. good management, achievement A X 108. [cp. Olprift] brittene, threttene num. as n. thirteen V 212, AV128, C VI 220. [OE preotme] britty num. adj. thirty V 415, XVIII 133, C XVII 23; asn. XIII 269. [OE pntig] bryueb v. pr.t.Ssg. prospers, thrives X 214, A XI 157; pi. Pr 32, A Pr 32. [cp. OI prifask] brobbant v. prp. violently beating A XII 48. [?] bropis, thorpus n. upland villages A II 45, CPr223. [OEprop] brote n. throat XVII 330, C XIX 310. [OE protu] browe n. occasion, time XVIII 76, C XX 78. [OEprah] browe v. 1. cast, throw XVI 131; pa.t.3sg. XVIII 50; fig. XX/XXII 164; imp.pl. C XX 293; pp. A VIII 57. 2. intr. pa.t.3sg. fell violently V 350. A V 198, C VI 408. [OEfrdwan] brumbled, thromblede v. pa.t.Ssg. tripped and stumbled V 350, A V 198, C VI 408. [?] brungen, brongen v. pa.t.pl. came 209

til - to

Glossary

to III 312, VI 263, A VI 66, VII 273, C III 308. 3. of a state or condition until V 515, XI 35, A VI 3. 4. in dat. use to Pr 228, V601, C VI 188, XI 310. [cp. OI til} tilconj. to the time that, until Pr41, XIII 458, A II 107, IV 18, C Pr 166, II 51; till at length XV 11. [as prec.] tilde, telde v. pa.t.Bsg. fig. camped XII 210, C XIV 149; pp. pitched, set up A II42. [OEteldian] tilie(n), tilion, tilen, tulie v. 1. intr. labour, toil Pr 120, XIX/XXI 434; pr.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 438. 2. get by labour VI 233, A VII 217; pp. XV 107; pa.t.pl. produced by husbandry XIV 68, C XV 267; fig. XIX/XXI 261, 333. 3. cultivate, plough VI 236, A VIII 2, C XX 108; pa.t.pl. XV 364, C XVII 101; fig. C X 200; prp. as adju. C VIII 140, XI 293. 4. cultivate, grow (a particular crop) C VIII 243; fig. C Pr 87; imp.pl. XIX/ XXI 316. 5. intr. drive the plough-team, work the land XIX/XXI 238; pa.t.pl. C XV 263. [OEtilian] tillers, tilyares, tulyers n. men who work w. the land, farmers XIII 239, XV 368, A XI 184, CPr227, XVII 101. [ME] tilbe, tulthe, telbe n. prospective harvest, growing crops XIX/XXI 432, A VII 127. [OE] tymber n. by synec. building materials XIX/XXI 319. [OE timber] tymbre v. build (nests) XI 361; pa.subj.pl build (tenements, mansions) III 85, A III 74, C III 84. [OE timbran] tyme n. 1. period of time, while, interval, time V 199, 491, A VI 46, C V 100. 2. available time, leisure VI 11, A VII 19, C II 15; ellip. ~ yno3 soon enough XI 36, C XI 195; time for profitable activity IX 101, CIII463, V93; time devoted to an activity XI 173, C XII 95. 3. (sbody's) day, era, time X 390, A VIII 147, C XI 217; lifetime C V 101(2); pi. days C V 101(1); bat- in those days XV 276. 4. specified or designated time, occasion XIII 203, XV 547, C VII 145, XVIII 246; term of the loan XIII 375, C VI 247; in religious use prescribed, sanctioned or forbidden time II 96, 1X187, C X 288; pi. XIII 349, C VI 183; fiil/hy/ plener ~ the fullness of time XVI 102, 103, C XVIII 136. 5. time as requisite

VI 78, X 161, A VII 70, C VIII 80; my ~ this is my time XI 378; be ~ in good time A VI 123; right moment, opportunity IV 20, XIII 97, AV68, C VII 15. 6. occasion (of an occurrence), time XIII 68, C XI 69; pi. V 169, XV 282, C VI 118, 1X298. 7. time (of occurrence seen as the actual event), occasion V 114, VII 98, A VII 297, C VIII 335. [OE fima] tymme n. Tim (for Timothy) V 309, A V 160, C VI 364. tyne v. 1. be deprived of I 113, XI 36, A XII 86, CXI 195; pr.t.Ssg. X 355, A XI 238. 2. destroy XIX/XXI 342. 3. waste, squander C XIV 8; pp. C V 93. 4. pp. lost XVIII 140, C XX 143. 5. pr.t.pl fail to win IX 175, A X 196, C X 277. [cp. OI tyna] tynyngeger. wasting IX 101. tynkere, tynekare n. mender of pots and kettles, tinker V 309, A V 160, C VI 364; pi. Pr221. [? echoic] tyraunt n. 1. villain, malefactor XX/XXII 60; pi. scoundrels II 200, A II 161, C II 214. 2. pi. oppressive landlords XV 420. [AFtirant] titeleris, titerares n. pi. tattlers, gossips XX/XXII 299. [ME fr. titillen v.] tibe num. adj. tenth XV 488. [OE teojfa] tibe n. annual tax levied on the net increment and income of a parishioner in support of the church, tenth part, tithe VI 76, A VII 84, C VI 298; pi. XV 107, A VII 68, C XVI 260; (rector's) income from tithes C VI 304. [fr. prec.] tythe v. pay tithe (of earnings) C VI 305; pay the requisite tithe for C XIII 73; w. cogn. ace. pay C VIII 84. [fr. prec.] title n. 1. legal right to possession of property XVIII 294, C XX 324. 2. certificate of preferment to a benefice, guarantee of support XI 290, C XIII 106. [AF] to prep. 1. in die. physical destination or direction to Pr 13, 43, A P r S l , 181, C IV 51, 124; into II 222, A III 10, C IX 125; at XV 300, XVI 75, C XVIII 107, XX 50; for XVII 71; before Pr 124, A III 42, C VIII 194; abstract or fig. to Pr 23, I 65, V 185, C V 125; come ~ acquire XI 53, C IX 156; come ~ bokes conceive of and write books C XIV 157. 2. w. dat. force indie, applicability, address, recipient to, for Pr 32, 83, 106, 210

to - tolle

Glossary

today adv. this day, today VI 98, A VII 90, C XX 404. [OEtodag] todrowe v. pa.t.pl racked on the cross X 35, A XI 27. [ME] toforn, tofore prep. 1. in front of, before XIII 49, C V 114; ~ god by meton. solemnly V 449, A V 2 2 1 , C VII 63. 2. previous to, before XII 130. [OE tdforan] toft n. eminence, mount Pr 14, A I 12, C I 12. [LOE] togidere(s), togidres, togedere(s), togedre adv. 1. in(to) association, together Pr46, I 197, A II 23, III 152, C III 211, IV 146; of conflict to grips XIV 239, C XVI 79; of inanimates together, into one V210, 1X3, AV134, C VI218. 2. in company, together Pr 63, I 40, A I 55, C Pr 143; w. ben XIX/XXI 166; as a single entity XVII 224, C XIX 190; of legal arrangements in alliance, association III 299, A III 275, C III 452; jointly II 70, III 291, A II 66, C III 444; as equals XII 208, C XIV 147; to an equal degree C III 164; w. one another V 328, XV 275, A VIII 74, C IV 25, 44; side by side XIX/XXI 313, A II 145, C XIII 42; both II 84; one and all V41, A V 34; as well II 84, 93, C III 452; without counting III 138, III 127, C III 176. 3. in all, all told I 121. [OE togzdere, togedre] togrynt v. pr.t.Ssg. grinds, crushes utterly C XI 60. [ME cp. OE grindan] toille v. work hard A XI 186. [AF toiler] toke v. 1. pr.t.pl. find fault w., question the correctness of XIX/XXI 463. 2. pp. of cloth dressed by fulling XV 455. [OE tucian, MDu tucken] tokene, tookene n. 1. symbol Pr 88, C Pr 86. 2. signal X 372; message CIII 133, XIII 12. 3. password V 597, A XI 113, C VII 245, XI 103; pi X 222, A XI 172; assurances of security XVI 230, C XVIII 246. 3. prearranged sign XVI 147. [OE tacen] tokenynge ger. betokening, signification V 19, XVI 204, A V 19, C V 121, XVII 33. [cp. OE tdcnung] tokkeris n. fullers, cloth-finishers A Pr 100. [fr. v.] tol n. charge, payment C Pr 98; tax, tribute C XIII 73. [OEtoll] tolle v. pay a toll C XIII 51. [fr. n.]

137, 199, III 132, V482, A I 98, 148, X 49, XI 34, C Pr 146, 148, III 497, VI 20; upon 1X90, XVIII 94, 340, C XIX 194; in XV 358, C XVII 96; in the case of XVII 338, C XIX 318; w. XIX/XXI 265; ~ my lewed wit in my misguided understanding XV 83; hab enuye ~ hate(s) V 610, XX/XXII 247, A VI 96, C VII 263; fig. is a rival for IX 7, A X 7, C X 134. 3. indie, limit or final state to 197, 171, A XII 9, CIII 201, 460; until III 109, XIV 105, A III 98, C XII 69; up to XIV 243, C XVII 57; ~ pay(e) to his satisfaction V 549, A VI 36, C VII 193; fulliche ~ to the full extent of XV 61. 4. indie, attachment, kinship, conformity w. resemblance to 145, 166, V 625, XV 344, A II 28, XI 158, C I 15, III 377; in accordance w. XVI 158, XIX/XXI 316, C XVIII 175; ymage ~ hymself in his own image IX 34, A X 35; Peeren ~ are peers of XV 418. 5. indie, state or condition to, unto I 62, V 634, A I 60, III 210, IV 108, C VII 90, XV 126; as III 111, V 267, A I 80, III 100, C III 369; to ferme on lease XVI 16. 6. in comp. (y)lik~ 191; semblable ~ CIII 335; compared w. V 283, XII 138, C XIV 83; to compare w. XIII 339, C VI 83; comparable w. VII 174, XIX/XXI 19; of comparable value to XIII 193; to set against, opffset XIV 190. 7. of diet on V 173, C VI 155; of time by V412. 8. indie, contravention against III 293, A III 268. 9. as adju. to v. VI 29, XIII 332, XVI 36, XIX/XXI 114, A VII 31, C I 55, VIII 29. 10. as infm. marker Pr 33, A Pr 29, C Pr 31; doubling as inf. marker after v.: of refraining XI 102(1), XVI 65, C XII 36; of avoiding X 103; of hindering X 271, XI 138, C XII 73; of desisting VII 156; of restraining (one)self C XIX 245, 249. [OE to} to adv. unduly, excessively, too I 141, V 184, A VII 138, 247, C V 23; in addition, as well C X 185. [OE to] tobye n. Tobias X 33, A XI 25, C XVII 37. tobroke pp. in disrepair, unserviceable VII 28, A VIII 30, C IX 32; crippled, disabled C IX 99. [OE tobrecan] tocleue v. split open XII 139, C XIV 84; fall asunder, collapse C XX 112; pa.t.3sg. CXX61. [OE tocleofan] 211

tolled - trauaille

Glossary

tolled, tolde v. pa.t.pl. teased, coaxed V 212, AV128, C VI 220. [OE*tollian] tollers n. collectors of the tax Pr221, A Pr 100. [fr.prec.] tolomeus n. Claudius Ptolomaeus, author of the Almagest! C XII 176. tolugged, tologged pp. harshly treated, harassed II 219, A II 178, C II 229. [ME] tombe n. tomb C XVIII 143. [AF tumbe] tomblest v. pr.t.2sg. stumble and fall, will be brought down A XII 91. [AF tumbler] tome, torn n. leisure, free time II 186, A II 147, C II 199. [cp. OI torn] tomme, thomme n. Tom IV 18, CV130. tomorwe, tomorewe adv. tomorrow II 44, A II 22, CII48. [ME] tonder, tender n. tinder XVII 249, C XIX 215. [OEtynder] to(u)nge n. tongue 1. as the organ of speech Pr51, A XI 120, C VI 109, 426; pi C XII 198; wib ~ in actual words C VII 144; wib bi ~ by prayer for a benefactor V 286. 2. as the faculty of speech Pr 158, III 131, A III 120, C Pr 178; by synec. fluency X 452, C XI 277; fig. C X 200. 3. as what is said speaking, speech I 88, V 97, A I 153, C VI 332, VII 197; man wib his ~ calumniator XIII 159, CXV 158. 4. language C XVII 293; harlotes ~ bawdy stories XIII 415; of a Neddres ~ poisonous V 86. 5. as the organ of taste VI 266, A VII 250. [OEtunge] tonne n. barrel, tun XV 338. [OE tunne] to(o)Ies n. pi. tools, implements X 182, A XI 134, C XI 122; sg. eg ~ weapon C III 476. [OEtot\ toobaches, toethaches n. pi. toothaches XX/XXII82. [ME] top n. 1. top, crown (of a tree) XVI 22. 2. hair of the head III 140, A III 129, C III 178. [OEtopp] toquasched v. pa.t.Bsg. became fissured, rifted C XX 63; broke apart C XX 257. [ME] torche n. torch XVII 206, C XIX 181. [AF] torende v. fig. be spiritually destroyed X 116. [OE torendan] toreueth v. pr.t.Ssg. despoils, plunders C III 203. [ME] torn, tore pp. ragged, torn V 195, A V 111, C VI 203. [OEteran]

toroef v. pa.t.Ssg. was riven apart C XX 62. [ME: cp. OI rifa] tortle n. turtle-dove C XIV 161. [OE turtla] toshullen pp. somehow injured XVII 194, C XIX 160. [ME: ? cp. OI skjalla, pp. skolinn] toten v. look hard XVI 22; pa.t.lsg. C XVIII 53. [OEtotian] tothdraweras n. pi. quack dentists C VI 370. [ME] touche(n) v. 1. handle, put hand to, touch XVII 152; pr.t.pl. C XIX 146; pa.t.Ssg. XVII 150, XIX/XXI 172; pi. XVIII 194, C XX 305. 2. lay hands on, harm XVIII 75, C XX 79. 2. treat of XV 74. 3. pa.subj.sg. had to do w., concerned XI 100. [AF toucher} tour n. castle, commanding stronghold Pr 14, A I 12, C Pr 15; fig. heavenly city A VI 79, CI134. [AF] touore adj. comp. hardier C XII 188. [OE toh] tow n. inflammable fibre XVII 249. [OE tow-] toward adj. at hand C Pr 218. [OE toweard] toward prep, in the direction of, toward XIII 102, C VI 331. [OE toweard} towne, toune n. town XIII 303, A XI 213; of Bethlehem C XIV 91; of London XIII 265; of Jerusalem XVII 85; pi A X 138, C Pr 179; borw ~ town w. a municipal corporation C III 112. [OE tun} trailynge ger. trailing XII 244. transuerseth v. pr.t.Ssg. offends, transgresses C III 446. [AF transverser] tras n. path, track fig. A XII 91. [AF trace] trauaille, trauaile n. physical labour VI 133, A X 145; exertion XV 488, XVII 250, CIII 373, 1X152; work VII 44, A VII 235, CIII 351; effort XI 195, XIV 153; pi. strenuous spiritual exercises C 1X235. [AF travaille] trauaille v. 1. work honestly Pr 120, VI 139, C III 296; abs. to work IX 107; exert (one)self C VIII 251; pr.t.3sg. XIII 117, XIX/XXI 438, C XII 96, XV 125; pr.subj.pl. work (as pastors etc.} XI 288, C XIII 102; make an effort XV 503, C XVII 254; pr.subj.pl. put forth effort in battle XX/XXII 260. 2. journey, travel XVI 10. [AF travailler] 212

trauaillynge - triacle

Glossary

moral offence XII 287, C XIV 209; pp. sinned V 368, C VI 426. [AF trespaser] trespassours n. pi. criminal offenders A I 94. [AF] tretour n. traitor, one guilty of treason XVIII 380, C XX 422; betrayer of God's trust, sinner XIX/XXI 438, C XIX 242. [AF traitour] treupe see TRUI>E. trewe n. respite, halt (to affliction) VI 331, C VIII 352; pi. for sg. peace, truce XVIII 416, C XX 459. [OEtre'own.] trewe, treuwe adj. 1. trustworthy, reliable, true XII 123, XIV 72, A XI 184, C IX 213, XI 94; superl. XVII 26; honest C VIII 200. 2. sincere XIII 193; genuine XII 290(2), XIV 198, C I 136, II 37. 3. steadfast, constant XIX/XXI 298; ~ God God who is unalterable truth XII 290(1), C XIV 212(1); veritable C XI 149. 4. righteous, upright Pr 120, III 304, C II 125, III 355; post. C IV 76. 5. representing the thing that is, true XI 100, XVIII 389, C XX 135; of religious beliefs true XII 212, XIII 210, C Pr 100, VII 260, XV 133; correct, accurate III 337, C III 382; fig. C III 406. 6. veracious, truthful I 88, A I 153, C I 175; fig. Ill 322, C IV 18. 7. honest (in financial dealings) V 425, XII 58, C III 299; -of tail chaste XV 105; a faithful husband C X 80. 8. legally valid, legitimate X 347, XVIII 294, C I 94; sacramentally valid C XVII 77; applicable, valid III 346; honestly acquired C XIX 242. 9. law-abiding III 292, XV 420, A III 222, CIII 201, 445; having a just cause C I 95; just C II 132; as n. pe ~ the innocent man III 140, A III 129, C III 178; pi. righteous men C III 472, VII 258. [OEtreowe] trewely adv. honestly I 179, C I 96(1), VIII 241; loyally C I 96(2); truthfully II 238, A II 197, C II 254; reliably C XII 203; confidently XV 163, C XVI 297; exactly XVII 14, C XIX 15; accurately XVII 146, C XIX 120; w. genuine effort XI 288; w. conviction XIX/XXI 177; rightly IX 189, A X 202; emph. indeed VI 22, VII 185, A VII 24, C IX 331; in fact, actually XVI 212, C XIX 120. [OE treowlice] triacle n. sovereign remedy I 148, C I 146; fig. supreme safeguard V49. [AF]

trauaillynge ger. labouring VI 248, A VII 232. trauaillours n. workmen XIII 239. [AF travaillour] trauersed v. pa.t.Ssg. transgressed XII 287, C XIV 209. [AF traverser] trec(c)herie, tric(c)herie n. disloyalty, betrayal (of God as truth) C Pr 12; deception C XX 319; the effect of deception (by Satan) I 198, A I 172, C I 193; wickedness VII 79. [AF] trede v. 1. of birds mate C XIV 161; pa.t.pl. XI 356, C XIII 165. 2. pr.t.pl. walk upon, tread A X 104. [OE tredan] tree, tre n. 1. tree C XVIII 75; pi. XI 356, C XVI 248; fig. XVI 4. 2. the tree of knowledge XVIII 140(1), 194, C XX 397; the cross, rood-tree XVIII 140(2), 359, C XX 143(2). [OE treo, tre'ow] treys n. throw of three at the dice fig. C XVIII 238. [AFtreis] trembled pa. t.Ssg. 1. shook II 238, A l l 197, C II 254. 2. was overcome w. anxiety XI 115, C XII 50. [AF trembler] trepget n. trap, pitfall A XII 91. [AF trebuchet] treson, tresoun n. 1. treachery (to the sovereign) V 49; (to God) C XX 319; betrayal XVI 158, C Pr 12, XVIII 175. 2. deceit VII 79, XVIII 294, C XX 324; wickedness XIX/XXI 90; moral offence CIII 87. [AF] tresor, tresour n. 1. money 145, VII 188, A I 43, C I 43; wealth I 83, XV 549, C 166; worldly goods 156, XIV 312, A I 54, C XVI 146; wealth acquired by wrongdoing I 70, A I 68; money offered as a bribe II 200, III 124, A II 161, C III 161. 2. property or wealth as a resource at need fig. V 49, XII 295, C V 181, X 182; pi. resources VII 55. 3. valued possession, treasure I 137, A I 182, C I 136; fig. cristes ~ the souls of the faithful X 480; the saving grace of the sacrament of penance XII 109, C XIV 54; cristes ~ the personal wealth of higher clergy XVII 69; goddes ~ human intelligence C X 176; pi. fig. values I 85, A I 124, C I 8 1 . [AF] tresorer n. paymaster XX/XXII 260. [AF] trespas n. offence, wrongdoing I 97, A I 95, C I 9 3 . [AF] trespasejj v. pr.t.Ssg. offends, transgresses III 293, A III 268; pa.t.Ssg. committed a 213

tribulacions - trupe

Glossary C II 231. [AF trusser] trust, trist n. 1. reliance VII 188, A VIII 166, C IX 334. 2. expectation III 124, A III 113, C III 161. [? OE * tryst and cp. OI traust] truste, triste v. have confidence, rely VII 185, A VIII 163, C IX 331; pr.t.pl. have faith XI 288, C XIII 102; imp.sg. C VI 333; pr.t.3sg. -to trusts XIII 332. [OE *trystan: cp. trost] trusty adj. faithful, honest VIII 83, A IX 74. [fr. n.] trupe, treupe, troupe n. 1. loyalty, steadfast allegiance XIX/XXI 90; solidarity C V 183. 2. good faith or loyalty pledged in promise or affirmation V 274, VI 34, A VII 36, C Pr 12, II 127(2); pledge XX/ XXII 118; pli3te hir ~ swear upon oath III 317, C III 470. 3. honesty, uprightness as a principle of conduct XIX/XXI 194, A VIII 41, CIII 137, 349; pers. C II 127(1), III 133, XI 17; fig. an honest weight V 216, A V 132, C VI 224; an honest measure C III 89; an honest act XIII 359; a truthful oath XX/XXII 161; quasi-adv. wip ~ honestly VI 96, A VII 88, C IX 252. 4. righteousness, uprightness of life as a mode of conduct I 102, 131, XI 152, A VII 62, C I 144, III 309, XII 91; fig. XIX/XXI 261, XX/XXII 53; pers. V 547, VI 139, C VII 190. 5. uprightness of life, integrity as a value I 85, IV 114, XII 290, A IV 101, C I 81, XVII 211; pers. 199, XI 164, A I 97, C I 103. 6. fulfilled spirituality of life and conduct III 301, XIV 100, C III 454. 7. justice, righteous judgement V 52, XI 159 (both), XIX/XXI 478, C III 446, XI 25; fig. XX/XXII 135; pers. I 97, III 319, A III 268, VII 39, C XVI 187, XVII 45. 8. the true course of justice, the cause of right III 154, 243, IV 176, A III 146, XI 20, C I 100, IV 170. 9. truth as an absolute principle C XVII 141; true statement, that which accords w. fact IV 157, C XII 173, 233; the matter as it really is XII 129, XV 414, C VIII 49, 296, XII 38; fig. C III 344; a correct decision C VI 386; the true moral issues X 22, XV 91; in formulaic asseveration ~ woot pe sope God knows the truth of this II 122, A VI 84, VII 122, C VII 245; this is manifestly true IX 101. 10. true religious belief or principle 1148, V

tribulacions n. pi. persecutions C XII 202. [AF] tribut n. in phr. vnder ~ required to pay tribute in acknowledgement of submission XIX/XXI37. [AF] trie adj. fine, choice XV 168; excellent XVI 4; superl. most valuable 1137, A I 126. [AF] tried pp. tested, evaluated 185, A 124, C 1202. [AF trier] trieliche adv. splendidly, magnificently Pr 14, A Pr 14. [fr. adj.] triennals, trionales n. pi. masses said periodically over three years for the repose of a departed soul VII 176, A VIII 163, C IX 334. [AFandL] trinite(e) n. 1. the Godhead as three persons, triune God I 109, X 54, A I 172, XI 62, CXI 149. 2. three-foldness; three-ness I 133, A I 122, C I 134. 3. triad XIII 94, C XV 109. [AF] tripe n. small flock of sheep C IX 263. [AF] troden see TREDE. troianus, troianes n. the Emperor Trajan XI 141, C XII 76. troyledest v. pa.t.2sg. beguiled, deceived C XX 319. [AFtruiller] trolled v. pp. gone from place to place XVIII 299, C XX 332. [AF trailer] trolly see HOW. trompe, trompy v. play the trumpet XIII 230, C XV 204; pa.t.Bsg. blew a fanfare XVIII 422, C XX 465. [AF tromper] tronep v. pr.t.Bsg. enthrones I 133, A I 122. [fr. AF trone n.] trotted v. pa.t.Bsg. trotted II 165, A II 129. [AF troter] troupe see TRUI>E. trowe v. 1. give credence to, have faith in XVII 165; pr.t.2g. XIX/XXI 177; 3sg. C XVI 305; pr.t.lsg. believe C VI 298; pr.t.lsg. believe confidently I 145, XIV 252, A I 133, C XVI 92; am sure X 436; -trewely am quite certain XV 163, C XVI 297. 2. consider, suppose pr.t.2sg. XII 164, C XIV 108; pr.t.lsg. have no doubt III 44, IV 41, A V 69, VIII 59, C III 46. 3. intr. pr.t.lsg. hope III 19, A III 18, C V 49. [OE treowan] trufle, truyfle, tryfle n. 1. thing of no account XII 138, C XIV 83. 2. nonsense XVIII 147, C XX 150. [AF] trusse v. pack up and go II 221, A II 180, 214

Glossary

trupe - vncoupled tutour, tutor n. custodian, guardian I 56, A I 54, CI52. [AF] tweye, tweyne, twei3e, twene num. as n. two V 32, A V 160, C VI 209; as adj. A XII 83, C XVIII 81; hem ~ XVIII 172, CXV1II230. [OEtwegen] twelf/iz/m. as adj. V 195, A V 1 1 1 , XI 25, C XI 30; as n. V 212, A V 128, C VI 220. [OE] tweluemonpe, twelmonthe n. year XIII 336, CVI80. [OE twelfinonaf] twenty num. adj. w. notional sense many XII 190, XVI 10, C XIV 129. [OE twentig] twies num. adv. two times, twice V414, C VII 29; more than once IV 23, C VII 29. [OE twiga red. to twie] twyned pp. ~ togideres combined (to make a taper) XVII 207, C XIX 173. [cp. OI tvinna] two, to num. adj. two V 28, 340, A VI 63, C Pr 106, III 382; pleonastic w. adj. V 135, A IX 72, C XV 85; hope ~ II 55, A II 34, C XIII 80; two distinct III 231, A III 218, C III 333; as n. X 54, A XI 272, C X I 35. [OEtwd]

277, VII 112, A VIII 94, C IX 286, XI 30; spiritual reality as the subject of revelation I 109, A I 107; the doctrinal assurance of saving grace XV 471. 11. pers. one of the four 'Daughters of God' XVIII 119, C XX 122. 12. pers. the imago del restored in the soul V 606, A VI 93, C VII 255. 13. pers. God's saving grace obtained by disposition to a righteous life VII 1, A VIII 1, C IX 1; as object of pilgrimage V 57, VI 58, A V 254, C VII 177. 14. pers. the Deity: as object of worship I 133, VI 101, AVI 79, C VIII 110; as Creator VII 55, All 30, C X 182; as the source of moral principles II 117, V 559, VII 23, A V I 104, VII 66, C II 121, VII 203, VIII 137; oure lord ~ C IX 19; as seeing into people's hearts II 138, A II 102, C II 154; as author of the sacred texts III 343, C III 495; as infinite excellence opposed to the falsity of evil 112, A I 12, C Pr 15; as infinite justice and mercy XVIII 295, C XX 325. [OE treowb, triewb] trupeward, treuthward n. the direction of truth XIV 312, C XVI 146. [ME] tulyng ger. husbandry, tillage XIV 64. tuliustt. Marcus Tullius Cicero C XII 176. tulthe see TiLre. tunycle n. vestment worn by bishops when saying mass XV 168. [AF and L] turne, torne v. 1. turn into another direction or position C IX 144; pr.t.lsg. V 110, A V 90; pa.t.pl. V 19, A V 19, C V 121; pr.subj.sg. XVII 186, C XIX 152; pp. Ill 341, C III 493; refl. pa.t.Ssg. XIII 318; ~ pe fayre outward keep up appearances C IX 85; pa.t.Ssg. directed, turned back XVI 110, C XVII 273; intr. turn, resort XI 45, C XII 2; ~ ageyn turn against, play false w. XVIII 361, C XX 399. 2. convert XIII 210, XV 512, C XVII 263; pa.t.Ssg. XV 446; pi. XV 438; abs. adopt Christianity III 327, C XVII 254. 3. transform, change XIX/XXI 90; pa.t.Ssg. XIX/XXI 109, XX/XXII 137; pr.subj.sg. XIX/XXI 450; ~ vp so doun Jig. changed into its opposite XX/XXII 54; intr. change, become transformed V 185, XVII 304, C XII 208; pr.t.Ssg. XVII 315, C XIX 295; pa.t.Ssg. C XIII 19; pr.subj.sg. XVII 319, C XV 217. [AF turner but cp. OE tyrnan]

u vmwhile, vmbewhile, vmbywhile adv. from time to time V 338, AV187, C VI 396. [OE ymb hwtle] vnbynden v. release from the guilt of sin Pr 101, XIX/XXI 189, C Pr 129. [OE unbindan] vnblessed pp. as good as damned XIX/ XXI 404. [cp. OE ungeblissod, unblissian] vnbokelede v. pa.t.Ssg. removed from their case C XIX 70. [ME] vnbuxom, vnbuxum adj. unresponsive to moral correction II 83, A IX 93, C II 90; rebellious, insubordinate XIII 275; intractable C VI 16. [ME] vnchargeb v. pr.t.Ssg. frees from the burden of guilt XV 345. [ME] vnche n. inch AV100. [LOEynce] vncomly, vncomely adj. unseemly, illmatched IX 165, A X 186. [ME] vnconnyngliche adv. ill-advisedly, mistakenly C III 263. [fr. adj.] vncorteysliche adv. inelegantly, gracelessly C XIII 171. [fr. adj.] vncoupled/?/>. as of hounds not leashed in couples Prl62, CPr207. [ME] 215

vncristen - vngraue

Glossary

vncristen adj. not Christian, unbaptized X 354, A XI 237, C XII 78; pi. as coll. n. those not Christian I 93, C I 89. [ME] vncrounede pp. untonsured, lay C V 65. [ME] vnder, vndir prep. 1. beneath, under Pr 186, A IX 56, C V I 4 3 ; ~ fee cheke in the mouth V 164; of a coin ~ |>e bombe V 432, C VII 45; ~ foot by trampling XV 453; ~ heuene in the world XX/ XXII 276; ~ mone sublunary, earthly XVII 94. 2. of concealment beneath XIX/XXI 347, C IX 139; couered ~ symbolized by XIX/XXI 86. 3. at the foot of Pr 8, XVII 105, A Pr 8. 4. subordinate to XV 378, C XVII 230; subject to XIX/XXI 37; of monastic rule submissive to XII 37, C IX 223. 5. in the service of XIV 290, C XI 251; w. rel. sense Pr 88, X 253, XVI 17, C IX 236; clergie ~ crist erudition in Christendom XI 144. 6. authorized, warranted by VII 23, A VIII 25, C IX 138. 7. fig. of legal protection XIV 191, XX/XXII 17. 8. creature ~ crist mortal being XI 389, C XIV 159. [OE under] vnderfonge v. 1. receive, be given XV 106, C XVI 260; pr.t.Bsg. Ill 215, A III 202; pi. C III 271. 2. receive as guests C IX 129; pp. welcomed X 231; into heaven V 626, VII 177, AVI 111, C IX 323. 3. pa.t. 1 sg. received in baptism I 76, A I 74, C I 7 3 ; 3sg. XI 118, C XII 53. 4. pp. admitted (to a status) C III 111. 5. pp. accepted and granted XI 150, C XII 85. [OE underfongen] vnderlyng n. subordinate VI 46, C VIII 43. [OE underling] vndernymej) v. pr.t.3sg. reproves, reproaches V 116; pp. XIII 281, XX/XXII 51; intr. imp.sg. XI 215. [OE underniman] vndernymynge ger. reproof, rebuke C VI 35. vnderpight/?/?. shored up, propped up XVI 23. [ME] vndershored pp. supported w. props C XVIII 47. [ME: cp. MDu schore] vnderstonde(n), vndirstonde, vnderstande v. 1. understand, account for V 430, C VII 43. 2. accept as a principle C III 399; be certain of VI 54, A VII 49. 3. be interpreted XVII 333, C XIX 313; pp. signified XII 259, XV 472. 4. pr.subj.sg. are receptive, attentive XIV

279. 5. dide hem to ~ came to an understanding, agreed VIII 100, A IX 90. [OE understandan] vnderstondynge, vnderstandynge ger. intelligence A X 71, C XI 299; in phr. ofkynde~ gifted w. intelligence C V 56, XIV 102; insight, perception C XI 112; lewede ~ comprehension hampered by ignorance C XIII 116. vndertake(n) v. 1. receive C Pr 98. 2. give an assurance, undertake X 157, A XI 109, C XIX 19; pp. C XX 20; contract, commit oneself C III 296. 3. pa.subj.sg. rebuked, found fault w. XI 91, C XII 32. [ME] vndeuoutiliche, vndeuouteliche adv. hastily, perfunctorily, without devotion Pr 98, CPrl26. [ME] vndignely adv. without respect for the sacrament XV 243. [ME] vndo, vndoen v. 1. unlock, unbar C VII 249; imp.pl XVIII 319, C XX 272. 2. imp.sg. unfasten, untie XIII 157. 3. overpower C XX 340; destroy, bring to naught XX/XXII 89. 4. pr.t.pl. annul, dissolve XV 243. 5. pr.t.Bsg. interprets, explains C II 41; pa.t.Bsg. C IX 306. [OE undon] vndoynge ger. ruin, downfall XV 599. [ME] vnesiliche adv. in phr. ~ ywrye w. uncomfortable bedclothes XIV 233, C XVI 74. [ME] vnfettre, vnfetere v. remove fetters from, set free III 139, A III 128, C III 177. [ME] vnfolde v. 1. spread open, vnclench XVII 179, C XIX 144; pp. XVII 185, C XIX 151; pr.t.Bsg. unfolds VII 109, A VIII 91, C IX 283; pi. II 73, A II 55, C II 75. [OEunfealdan] vnglade adv. cheerlessly XVII 227. [cp. OE ungl&d] vngodly adv. wickedly, impiously X 330. [ME] vngracious adj. 1. lacking in aptitude IX 197, A X 211, C X 2 9 6 . 2. lacking in the necessary good disposition X 396, C XI 227. [ME] vngraciousliche adv. for wrong purposes, without regard for the soul of the deceased XV 133, C XVI 280. [ME] vngraue pp. unstamped, unminted C IV 127. [ME] 216

vnhardy - vnseled

Glossary

vnlosen v. 1. unclench XVII 142, C XIX 116; pa.t.pl. opened Pr214, APr87, C Pr 164. 2. pr.t.Bsg. fig. opens the floodgates of C1197. [OE unlesan] vnlouke(n), vnloken v. 1. unlock XII110, C XIV 55; open the gates of, open XVIII 189, C XX 194; abs. XVIII 316, C XX 359; imp.pl. XVIII 264. 2. disperse XVIII 258, C XX 266. 3. stretch out, spread C IX 143. [OE unlucan] vnlouelich adj. ill-favoured C X 262; disagreeable, ugly XII 246, C XIV 178. [ME] vnlouely adv. revolting V 356, C VI 414. [fr. prec.] vnmaken v. pr.t. pi. dissolve, annul XV 241. [ME] vnmeble n. real property, fixed or unmovable possession C X 187; pi. Ill 269, C III 422. [ME cp. moeble] vnmesurableadj.immeasurable, indescribably immense XV 71. [ME] vnnepe adv. scarcely, hardly IV 60, XX/XXII 190, A IV 47, C IV 63. [OE unease] unnit adj. idle, useless C V 10. [OE unnyt] \npikedepa.t. 1 sg. picked XIII 367, C VI 266. [ME] vnpynned v. pa.t.Bsg. unbolted, drew the bolt of XI 113, C XII 48; abs. imp.pl. XVIII 264. [ME] vnpossible adj. impossible A XI 229. [ME] vnpunysshed pp. unpunished IV 140, A IV 123, CIV 137. [ME] vnredy adj. irresponsible, ill advised C XII 216. [cp. OE unrtedlice] vnresonable adj. 1. not endowed w. reason XV 461. 2. contrary to reason, illconceived VI 151. [ME] vnri3tfully adv. unlawfully XIX/XXI 245. [ME] vnrihtfole adj. unlawful, ill-gotten C XII 17. [OEunrihtful] vnrobbed adj. unmolested, secure from robbers C XIII 1. [ME] vnrosted pp. unbaked, raw V603. [ME] vnsauorya^'. insipid XV 433. [ME] vnsavourly, vnsauerly adv. disagreeably XIII 43, CXV48. [ME] vnseled pp. uncertified, not stamped w. a seal XIV 295, C XVI 130. [ME]

vnhardy adj. cowardly Pr 180, C Pr 197; not bold enough XIII 123; afraid XVII 111, XVIII 83, CXX85. [ME] vnheled, vnhiled pp. 1. uncovered XIV 233, C XVI 74. 2. poorly roofed XVII 325, C XIX 305. [OE unhelian] vnhende adv. in imprecation ~ go may it go roughly XX/XXII186. [ME] vnholy adj. unregenerate, sinful, lacking devoutness Pr 3, A Pr 3, C Pr 3. [OE unhdlig] vnite(e) n. agreement, concord C V 189; religious concord, unity XX/XXII 227; fig. of the ideal Church XIX/XXI 328, 344; ~ holy chirche XIX/XXI 380, XX/XXII 75. [AF unite] vnioynen v. disperse, scatter XVIII 258, C XX 266. [ME] vnkynde adj. 1. unkind, devoid of natural feelings 1X86, XVIII 398, C XIX 220; inordinate XIII 355. 2. ungenerous I 192, X29, A I 166, C XIX 247, 253. 3. ungrateful V 430, C XVIII 155. 4. lacking natural goodness, wicked V 270, XIV 22, C XVI 275, XIX 258; pers. as n. XVII 276, C XIX 257. 5. ill-disposed XVI42; hostile XVI 149. [OE uncynde] vnkyndely adv. against nature IX 160, A X 183. [cp. OE ungecyndellce] vnkyndenesse n. 1. absence of natural affection or consideration for others XVII 274, 349, C XIX 328; fig. XVII 259, C XIX 226. 2. niggardliness, lack of charitable generosity 1X91, XIII 219, C XIX 234; pers. XIX/XXI 224, A III 274. [ME] vnknytteb v. pr.t.Bsg. unravels, relaxes XVIII 215, C XX 224. [OE uncnyttan] vnknowe adj. unknown, not known of C XVII 162. [ME] vnkonnynge, vnkun(n)ynge adj. stupid C III 244; unintelligent, without perception C XVIII 155; incompetent through ignorance XII 183, CXV16. [ME] vnkoube adj. foreign, alien VII 161, A VIII 139. [QEuncufi vnlawefulliche, vnlaufulliche adv. in contravention of the law C III 289; as a felon, criminally C XI 253. [ME] vnlele adj. as n. the wicked, sinful men C XIII 69. [ME] vnlikyng adj. disagreeable, unpleasant C VII 23. [ME] vnlofsum adj. unattractive C X 262. [ME] 217

vnsemely - vse(n)

Glossary

vnsemely adj. ugly and forbidding C I 55. [ME] vnsesonable adj. unusual for the time of year, unseasonable XV 356. [ME] vnsittynge adj. to the king's discredit because legally or morally inappropriate CIII 208, IV 189. [ME] vnskilful adj. unreasonable, foolish XIII 276; unreasonably argumentative C VI 25. [ME] vnsold/7p. unsold V 206, A V 122, C VI 214. [ME] vnsowen, vnsewe v. pick the stitches of V 65, AV48, CVI6. [ME] vnspere v. unbar, open XVIII 262, C XX 270; pa.t.Ssg. fig. opened, restored sight to XVIII 86, C XX 88. [ME] vnstablea. wandre v. move about V 197, AV113, C 221

ware - we

Glossary

ware, waer v. refl. imp.sg. be on guard V 444, AV216, C VII 58; avoid 1X183, C X 284; pr.subj.sg. let him be aware XVIII 276, C XX 298. [OE warian] wareyne n. land sequestered for the breeding of small game Pr 163. [AF warenne] wariev. curse VI 313, A VII 297, C VIII 335. [OE wtergan, *wergari\ waryn, wareyn(e) n. man's name, Warren IV 27, 67, A IV 24, 141, C IV 27, 31. warisshen v. heal XVI 105. [AF warriss(warir)] waring. 1. warm XV 192, A VII 170, C XVI 335; comp. XVIII 410, C XX 453. 2. having the property of heat, hot enough to ignite XVII 235, C XIX 201. 3. comforting, cheering XVII 243, C

wasteln. loaf of white bread V 285, C VI 341. [AF] wasten, waston v. 1. spend freely C XIX 250; squander by prodigal expenditure XIX/XXI 353. 2. pr.t.pl. consume to no good purpose VI 133, C X 297; pa.t.Ssg. A V 25; intr. pr.t.pl. are worthless consumers, 'idle mouths' VI 162; ravage 1X198, A X 212. [AF waster] wastyng ger. w. subj. gen. his ~ what he consumes V25. wastour n. unproductive member of society, wastrel XIX/XXI 435; pi. Pr 22, A VII 122, C V 126; sg. pers. V 24, VI 152, A VII 150, C VIII 164. 2. person of no account XX/XXII 145; pi. IX 122. 3. pi. ravagers, pillagers VI 28, A VII 148, C VIII 27. [AF wastur] water, watre n. 1. the substance water V 173, VII 53, A VIII 55, C V 148; the element water 1X4, A X 4, C XX 251. 2. body of water, lake VIII 29, A IX 43, C XX 253; pi. C XIII 167. 3. surge, movement of water VIII 30, A IX 31, C X 44; pi. VIII 40, A IX 36; ripples Pr 9, A Pr 9; stream V 568, A VI 55, C VII 215. 4. by melon, floods VI 323, A VII 304, C VIII 343. 5. tears V61, A V 214, C VI 326. 6. pi. specimens of urine II 227, A II 186, C II 237. [OE water} watlede, wateled v. pa.t.Ssg. made panels of stakes and woven withies XIX/XXI 326. [cp. OE watul] See WALLED. watrede, watride pa.t.pl. were filled w. tears VI 175, A VII 160, C VIII 172. [OE weeterian] watry adj. heavy, full of moisture XVIII 410, C XX 453. [OEwatterig] watte, watekyn n. man's nickname (for Walter) V 30, AV159, C VI 70. waxen see WEXE. wawes n. waves, billows VIII 39, A IX 35, CX45.[OEwdga(pLofweg)] we pron. 1 pi. we 1. as subj. of v. Pr 152,

XIX 209. [OEwearm] warne v. admonish II 204, A II 165; pa.t.3sg. VI 165, A VII 150, C VIII 162; cautioned V 30, A V 30, C V 132; advise as a caution, notify in warning VI 131, A II 170, C VIII 345; pr.t.lsg. Pr 208, C VIII 341; pa.tJsg. II 211; pi. XV 363; pp. Ill 275, C III 428; pa.t.pl. -bifore predicted XV 360, C XVII 98; inform XVIII 301; pr.t.3sg. XV 483. [OE warnian] warner, warnare n. gamekeeper of a warren V 308, C VI 363. [ME] warnynge ger. notification, summons C VIII 90. [cp. OE warnung] warpen v. speak, utter A IV 142; pa.t.3sg. V86, A X 33. [OEweorpan] warroke, warrokye v. fasten the saddlegirth IV 21, A IV 19, C I V 21. [? AF *guaroker\ wasshen, wasche v. wash, launder Jig. XIV 18, XV 192; pp. XIII 314, C IX 269; pp. soaked XV 454; abs. do the washing C IX 80; pa.t.lsg. bathed, washed XVI 228, C XVIII 243; 3sg. XVII 72; pi. II 223, A II 182; fig. pa.t.3sg. XI 433; imp.pl. V 568, A VI 55, C VII 215; ellip. of hands before a meal imp.sg. XIII 32; pr.t.3sg. ~ and wypeth C IX 251; pa.t.pl. XIII 28, C

151, A II 116, III 17, CPrl73, 147; w. n.inapp. Pr 198, A VII 8, CPr216; w. echone 1 5 1 , A I 49, C IX 236. 2. w. general sense III 56, 217, A VIII 181, C III 104, V 119; in address w. injunction Prl88, A P r l O S , C XII 120; for ace. er ~ XVIII 166, CXX 169. 2. ace. dat. 1. direct obj. us Pr 153, A II 3, C Pr 174; w. n. in app. XII 273, C XIV 195; ~ two XIII 107; refl. obj. ourselves VI 158,

XV 37; of the Deluge pp. ~ awey IX 138, A X 169, C X 226. [OE wtescan, wascari] waste adj. 1. uncultivated C IX 226. 2. empty, idle, vain XIX/XXI 286. [AF wast]

222

we - wel

Glossary

95. [ME] wedynge ger. weeding VI 189, C VIII 186. [cp. OE weodung] wedlok, wedlak n. 1. matrimony, the married state 1X116, A X 133, CX291. 2. a marriage XVI 216; pi. 1X157. [OE wedldc] weed n. 1. insignificant plant A X 126. 2. pi. weeds VI 111, A VII 103, C XII 224. [OEwe'od] weede n. clothing XX/XXII 211; pi. clothes XV 226, C XIII 189; costume, garb XI 236; by synec. immodesty of dress C II 98, VI 177. [OE w<ed(e)] weer, wer n. 1. state of distress and anxiety XI 116, C XII 51. 2. quandary, perplexed state of mind XVI 3. [cp. MDu

XIV 82, A VII 145, C VIII 155; emph. vs selue VII 132; our community V 266; refl. dat.: for ourselves C XI 219; obj. of prep. Pr 192, A I 141, C VI 184; indir. obj. V 533, VI 127, A VII 119, VIII 109, C VIII 352, IX 349; dat. of advantage or concern for, to us III 48, VI 2, A III 47, C V 88, XI 219; w. impers. v. Pr 155, VI 157, A VII 120, C Pr 177, VIII 134. 3. gen. as poss. adj. our(e) our Pr 26, A I 142, C Pr 28; w. distr. sing. VI 256, A VIII 183, C III 396. [OE we, us, ure] web, webbe n. the whole piece of cloth that comes from a loom, bolt V 112, A V 92. [OE] webbe n. weaver C VI 221; pi. C IX 205. [OE webba, webbe} webbesteres, websteris n. pi. weavers C Pr 226; wollen ~ weavers of woollen cloth Pr220, A Pr 99. [OE webbestre] wed, wedde n. 1. pledge by a guarantor XVI 262, C XVIII 283. 2. property engaged or mortgaged as security for a loan V 241, C V 73; property or object attached to ensure payment of a fine C XIII 44. 3. stake in a wager III 202, A III 189, C XX 30. [OE wed(d)] wedde(n) v. 1. pr.t.lsg. wager, bet IV 146, A IV 129, C IV 143. 2. take in marriage, marry III 118, A IV 10, C II 127; pr.t.lsg. Ill 121, A III 110, C III 158; pi. VII 91, A VIII 73, C IX 168; pa.t.3sg. fig. XX/XXII 160; pp. X 154, A XI 106, C VII 300; fig. pr.t.Ssg. pledges himself to, espouses XIV 272, C XVI 112; intr. get married, marry C III 19; abs. imp.sg. 1X183, C X 284. 3. pp. married II 43, A X 131, C II 126; joined in wedlock II 153, A II 117, C X I 96; promised, betrothed XI 249, C XII 135. [OE weddian] weddynge ger. match, marriage II 118, A II 81, C II 121. [cp. OE weddung] weden, wedy v. keep free of weeds fig. XVI 17; abs. weed C VIII 66. [OE weodian] weder, wedore n. 1. weather XVIII 410, C VI 113, XX 453; pi. weather conditions XV 356; periods of weather VI 325, A VII 306, C VIII 346; storms XV 363, 483, C XII 190. [OE] wederwise, wedurwyse adj. skilled in forecasting the weather XV 357, C XVII

werre} wtetadj. damp, moist XIV 41. [OE wtet] weet 77. rainy weather V 530, A VI 18, C VII 175. [OE wtet] weetshoed, watschoed pp. adv. w. leaking footgear, ill-shod XIV 161, XVIII 1, C XVI 14, XX 1. [ME] wehee, wehe n. in phr. make ~ prance and neigh IV 23, A IV 21; fig. a wild cry VII 92, A VIII 74. [echoic] wey,way«. 1. road V I I , XX 187, A XI 112, C I V 53, VII 307; pi. VII 27, A VIII 29, C IX 31; fig. C XIII 30. 2. path, way Pr 166, XVII 117, A XII 64, C Pr 183, XX 298; route (to a destination) V513, A VI 47, C I 2 0 0 , VIII 4; manner, means XIII 366, C I 138; pi. XII 69; in hire ~ in their fashion Pr 48, APr48, CPr49. 3. course of action III 17, A III 17, CIII 18. [OEweg] weye n. three hundredweight (336 pounds) V92. [OEwage] weye, waye, wei3e v. weigh V 202, A V 143, C VI 210; trans. pa.t.3sg. V 216, A V 132, C VI 224; pp. C IX 272; test the weight of V 240, C VI 242; pp. fig. judged I 178, A I 152, C I 174. [OE

wegari] weyling see WAILLE. weyues, wayues n. pi. in phr. ~ and streyves property found ownerless by legal definition Pr 94, C Pr 92. [ AF waif\ weke, wyke n. wick XVII 207, C XIX 175. [OEweoce] wel adj. 1. in a fortunate state, happy and prosperous VI 277, A VII 261, C VIII

223

wel - wende(n)

Glossary

298; of the realm in good order C IV 183. 2. in favour III 153, A III 142, C III 191. 3. commendable III 65, A III 61, CIII 69, XV 301. [fr. adv.] wel adv. 1. w. contextual senses mod. v. righteously, virtuously I 130, VII 116(1), A III 220, X 75, 88, C I 132, IX 322; charitably XIV 145; justly X 387, A V 239, C XI 213; truthfully IV 181; fittingly XII 56, XX/XXII 322, C XII 235; devoutly V 579, XI 265, A VI 66, C VII 240; carefully, attentively Pr 208, VIII 52, XIV 82, A XI 120, C IV 52, IX 147; thoroughly IV 32, V 568, A VI 55, C IV 32, XV 63; effectively III 41, IV 21, A III 40, X20, C X 1 4 7 , XIII 233; for what it was XII 153; skilfully 1X40, XIII 178, C XVI 323, XX 184; expertly XX/XXII 231, 304; clearly 151, II 189, A II 150, III 204, C IV 154, X 146(2); beyond doubt Pr 72, II 129, IV 80, A III 167, 236, VII 122, C Pr 100, II 145, III 313; w. good reason XII 187, XIX/XXI 62, C XIV 126; satisfactorily IV 100, XI 195, A IV 87, C VIII 207, XVII 122; fully V 550, XV 187, A VI 37, C VII 194; creditably XIII 306, XIV 150, C X 188; favourably V 616, VII 116(2), A VI 102, C VII 268; courteously X 174, A XI 126, C XI 114; easily VI 46, XI 402, XII 38, XIX/XXI 162, C XIX 244; readily VIII 51, XIV 296, C VI 108, VIII 115; certainly IV 71; rightly, properly XI 158, C XII 90; to advantage, prosperously V 261, C VI 254; comfortably XX/XXII 235, C V S ; in happiness and safety XIII 180; successfully C XII 192; correctly C XVIII 244; very much I 43, III 54, A I 41, C III 58; ~ worbe success to XIX/XXI 430; good luck to C XIII 1. 2. mod. adj. truly, very, indeed III 86, A III 151, C III 51, 200; w. comp. much V 142, XI 267, C Pr 117, XII 152; w. adj. as n. C III 142; w. num. fully, a good V 179, XVII 75, C VI 161. 3. mod. adv. very Pr 26, A l l 56, C IV 53; w. comp. much, a good deal, considerably V 192, A VII 138, C Pr 122; ~ awey far and away, by far XII 265, A XI 218; ~ri 3 t straight V 555, A VI 42, CVII 199. [OEwel] welawo, welowo, welaway, weylawey excl. as n. distress, sorrow XIV 236, C XVI 77; pers. XVIII 229, C XX 238.

[OE wei la wa, wei la wet]

welche, walch, wals(s)he adj. as n. 1. woollen cloth made in Wales V 197, A V 113, C VI 205. 2. Welshman V 316, C VI 373. [OE welisc, welsc] welcome adj. received w. pleasure, welcome as a visitor II 220, A II 194, C V 50; as ellip. greeting XIII 32, A XII 62. [OE wilcuma infl. by wel adv.] welcome v. greet w. expression of pleasure XVIII 176, C IX 135; pr.t.pl. XIII 436, C VII 96; pa.t.Ssg. C XV 36; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 210; pr.t.Ssg. makes welcome XV 21, C XVI 172; pa.t.Ssg. XIII 27, C XV 30. [OE wilcumian infl. by wel adv.] welden v. control XI 72, C XII 20; pr.t.pl. X24; pr.t.Ssg. possesses X 86, CXI 10; pi. X 29; pr.t.Ssg. has XX/XXII 12. [OE wealdan] wele n. 1. well-being, happiness, prosperity XI63, XVIII 229, A XI 115, C XII 209; heavenly happiness C XI 271. 2. enjoyment, advantage, profit IX 167, XIX/ XXI 285, A X 188. 3. wealth, possessions XX/XXII 38, C XII 236. [OE wela] welfare n. luxurious living XIX/XXI 353. [ME] welhope n. a state of confidence in divine benevolence XIII 453, CVII 113. [ME? nonce-word: cp wanhope] welle n. source XIV 198, 310, C XVI 144; hei3e ~ fountainhead I 164, C I 160. [OEwelle] wellecresses n. watercress C VI 292. [ME willecterse] wellede, walled v. pa.t.Ssg. sprang, rose XIX/XXI 377. [OEwellan] welbe n. 1. well-being, happiness C Pr 10; well-being XIX/XXI 450. 2. riches, possessions, wealth I 55, A VIII 169, C IX 116; pi. valuable possessions X 86. 3. richness, abundance IV 163, A IV 139, CIV 158. [ME] wem«. defilement XVIII 131, C XX 134. [OE wemm] wenche n. 1. girl IX 166, A X 187; young woman XI 59, C XII 11, XVIII 133. 2. maidservant V 357, AV199, C VI 415. 3. pi. concubines Pr 54, A Pr 51, CPr52. [cp. OEwencel] wende(n) v. 1. turn VI 63, C VIII 62; pa.t.pl. VI 189, C VIII 186; turn aside XX/XXII 284; refl. pa.t.lsg. Pr 7, A Pr 224

wende(n) - werche(n)

Glossary

wenes n. expectations, fantasies II 91. [OE wen] wenyngeger. surmise XX/XXII 263. wente see WENE. wentes n. tricks, dodges C VI 263. [fr. v.] wepe(n) v. weep, shed tears, cry XIII 266; pr.t.lsg. VI14, A V 9 4 ; 3sg. 1180, A I 154, C XVI 77; pa.t.lsg. XI 4, C XVIII 288; 3sg. II 239, A II 198; fig. C XVIII 108; pi. VII 38, A VIII 42, CIX41; as expr. of contrition V 187, XX/XXII 369; pa.t.3sg. XIV 335, A V 234, C XX 94; prp. XV 193, A V 252, C V 108; pleonastic ~ water shed, let fall tears V 61, A V 4 4 , C V I 2 ; pa.tJsg. V 472, A V 246, C XVIII 146; pr.subj.pl. ~ teris XIII 45, C XV 50; pa.t.3sg. ~ on appealed in tears to AIV 60. [OE wepari] wepene, wepne n. weapon III 306, C XIV 50; fig. XX/XXII 124; pi. XIX/XXI 218, 226; in sexual sense 1X185, C X 286. [OE wtepen, we ~ he is the loser XIV 227, C XVI 68. [OE wyrs] worship(e) n. 1. respect, honour III 335, XII 199, C III 499; renown C V 75; good repute C VI 142; worldly success and status 18, A I 8, C I S . 2. reverence, veneration XII 119, C XVIII 262. [OE weorpscipe} worshipe(n), worsehipen v. 1. worship I 16, VI 101, A I 16, C Pr 119, XVIII 261; imp.sg. XIX/XXI 210; pp. X 132, A XI 85. 2. do honour to, make much of XV 484; pr.t.pl. C XVII 212; pr.t.pl. honour, revere III 12, A III 12, C III 13. 3. pa.t.lsg. express respect formally X 228, A XI 171. 4. pay tribute to 148, A 146. [EMEfr. n.] 237

worpili - wrong

Glossary

worj)ili adv. 1. like a grand person II 19, A II 15. 2. in a state of grace XII 90. [fr. prec.] worthily see WORLICHE.. wose n. mud, wet earth C XII 229. [OE wdse] wou3 n. wall A V 136; pi III 61, C III 65. [OE wag, wdh] wouke, woke, wike n. week V 92, VI 256, A VII 240, C IX 254; pi. X 154, A XI 106, C XVIII 133. [OEwicu, we] wounderc. wound XIV 97, C XX 101; pi. XVII 68, A XI 215, C XIX 71; injury, harm X 332, C V 177; by synec. violence and destruction C IV 181. [OE wund] woundede see WOWNDE. wounden, wonden v. pa.t.pl. covered, clothed II 223, A II 182, C II 233; pp. wound V 518, A VI 6. [OE windan] woware n. suitor, wooer C XII 19; pi. XI 71. [OE wogere] wowede v. pa.t.Bsg. solicited, entreated IV 74. [OE wogian] wowes see wou3. wowndev. wound XVIII 88; pa.t.Bsg. fig. XX/XXII 302; pp. XVI 105, C XIX 82; fig. XX/XII 305, 357; pp. as adj. C XX 90. [OE wundian] wrake n. destruction C XVII 86, XX 455. [OE wracu] wranglynge ger. contention, quarrelling IV 35, CIV 35. wrastle v. pr.subj.sg. wrestle fig. XIV 225, C XVI 66. [OE wrestlian] wrabe, wreth n. anger V 400, XI 4, A VII 109, C VII 16; wrathful retribution IV 70, A IV 56; hostility IV 35, XIV 53, A V 79, C XIV 67; fig. C VI 121; malice V 83, XV 171, A V 66, C VI 66; the capital sin C XI 108; fig. XIII 320; pers. V 135, XIV 225, A VI 95, C VI 103. [OE wr/eppu, wraefy] wraben v. 1. anger (sbody) II 117, A l l 81, C II 121; pa.t.Bsg. C I 26; pi. V 505. 2. pa.t.Bsg. became angry 1X132; re/7. VI 152, C VIII 149; imp.sg. A X 96; pr.t.2sg. are hostile III 183, A III 170, C III 229; Bsg. Pr 174, C Pr 191. 3. injure, afflict X 294. [OE wrdfian] wrecche, wreche n. morally contemptible person A IV 136; pi. A XII 21; worthless person XIX/XXI403, CII43, VIII 251; pi 1X122, C X 218; pi scoundrels II 195, A II 156, C II 209; un-

happy creatures X 81, XV 601, A XII 24, CXI 61. [OEwrecca] wrecche adj. deep in sin XIII 350, C XIX 330; miserable, wretched C XIII 95. [OE wrecc] wrecched adj. paltry, shoddy I 39, A I 37, X 144, C I 37; miserable, mean XV 142. [fr. prec.] wrecchednesse n. sinful misery C VI 334; evil C XX 353; worthless ends, folly XI 45, CXII2. [ME] wreke v. 1. refl. avenge V 84, A V 67; pp. XX/XXII 204; be ~ of punish II 195, XVIII 390, A II 156, C XX 432. 2. imp.sg. refl. gratify, satisfy IX 186. [OE wrecari] wrighte n. craftsman, artificer XI 349, C XIX 138; carpenter, shipwright X 407, C X I 238; pi X 410 fig. X418; pi C XI 250. [OEwryhta] wryngen v. 1. fig. of laundry wring XIV 18. 2. pa.t.Bsg. grasped, seized VI 175, A VII 160, C VIII 172. 3. abs. pa.t.Bsg. wrung her hands II 239, A II 198, C II 255. [OE wringan] wrynglawe n. surname of a pers. TwistLaw CIV 31. writ n. 1. legal document A II 46; fig. XVII 3, C XIX 19. 2. holy ~ the divinely inspired sacred writings of Christianity Pr 195, A I 70, C Pr 104; fig. XIX/XXI327. [OE] write(n) v. 1. form letters and words, write IX 40; pa.t.Bsg. XI 169, C XIV 37; pp. XVII 15. 2. set down, record in writing XII 102, A III 51, C V 146; pr.t.pl. XX/ XXII 259; pa.t.lsg. XIX/XXI 1; Bsg. A X 109; pp. I 200, A VIII 94, C VIII 239; pp.ellip. in Holy Writ X419; intr. Ill 65, A III 61, C III 69; pr.t.pl XIV 199, C XVI40; keep records CV63. 3. draw up, endite V 242, A VII 77, C VIII 94; pp. XII 261; pa.t.Bsg. drew up and wrote XV 582. 4. compose, write X 180, A XI 132, C XI 120; pa.t.lsg. X 174, A XI 126, C XI 114; pi X 434; intr. pr.t.lsg. XV 489; pa.t.lsg. XIX/ XXI 481; Bsg. XI 394, C XVI 157; pi X345. [OEwritan] writyng ger. writing III 69, A III 60, VIII 43, C XX 356; pi C III 73; written records XIX/XXI 462. [OE writing] wriben see WROJ> v. wrong n. 1. wrongful act, crime IV 139, 238

wrong - yelde(n)

Glossary

101; refl. dir. obj. I 195, II 173, VI 118, A VI 83, VII 110, CV167, 189; as obj. of prep. IV 177, XV 83, A IV 155, C Pr 127, IV 171; w. n. in app. VI 125, VIII 24, A IX 20, C XIX 231; dat. as indir. obj. 12, V295, VI 326, A I 15, 54, C Pr9, 12, 15, 52; w. impers. v. VI 257, XI 291, A V 42, C XIII 105; as formal pi. Ill 347, XIII 185, A IV 155, C VIII 131, 265. 3. gen. as poss. adj. youre, 3our(e) your Pr 76, I 55, A I 54, II 93, C Pr 103, II 122; ~ aller of all of you XIX/XXI471; formal pi. 143, III 52, A III 218, CIII 52. [OEge,eow, eower] ye, 33 adv. 1. answering a q. without negative bias yes III 112, V 251, A V 154, C VII 200, XV 246; expr. assent XV 47, A VI 43, C XIII 245; intro. a consideration VI 37, A VII 38, C V 104, VI 298; emph. a fol. statement X 472, XVII 25, A X 115, C XVI 139. 2. dismissive or sceptical excl. XI 34, 42, C VII 292, XII 75. [OEge,gea] 3edde v. sing, recite A I 138. [OE geddian] yede, 3ede v. pa.t. 1. walked Isg. VII 148, XVI 170; 3sg. XVII 102, A VIII 130; pi. VIII 117, A IX 107, C X 113; 3sg. on bones ~ was alive and active XVIII 305, C XX 337. 2. went, was gone, travelled pa.t.Bsg. XI 234, C XII 123; pi. II 183, XVII 52, A II 144, C XIX 50. 3. went about 2sg. V 496; 3sg. A XI 273, C XII 128; roamed C VII 53; pi. XV 304. 4. passed Isg. A XII 60; 3 sg. XX/XXII 183. 5. went (to an objective) Isg. VI 99, XIII 370, A VII 91, C VI 267; 3sg. XVI 151, XX/XXII 136, C XVIII 168; pi. XIX/XXI4; 3sg. trespassed C XX 314; of a condition Isg. was XX/XXII 2; pi. lived XV 535, C XVII 196; ~ in oure sekte/sute appeared in human form V 496, C VII 136; caitifliche ~ was meanly clothed XI 239, C XII 128; of activity ~ abrood spread over the earth XIV 61, C XV 260; ~ bifore men spoke publicly as a preacher XIII 74; ~ by consorted w. XI 328, C XIII 136; ~ forb wandered on XVIII 3, C XX 3; disappeared XIX/XXI 153, C IV 162; ~ to set about XIII 347, C VI 181. [OE code] yeep, êp adj. vigorous 1X185, CXI 177. [OEgeap] yelde(n) v. 1. submit, render VII 194, A

181, A IV 122, C IV 136; pi. infringements of the law X 19, A XI 19, C XIII 75; fault, offence, trespass III 176, A III 163, CIII 222; pers. the devil 163, All 71, C 1 131; sin, evil II 108, A II 19, C II 112; violent crime IV 48, A IV 49, C IV 66; wib ~ unrighteously, sinfully I 128, A I 117, C XIX 236. [LOE wrung] wrong adv. sinfully A X 75, XI 260. [fr. adj.] wrongly adv. unlawfully C III 92. wrob, wroeth adj. wrathful, angry, irate III 331, A X 161, CVI1 77; comp. be ~ C Pr 117. [OEu;ra>] wroj) v. 1. pa.t.Ssg. clenched V 84, A V 67, C VI 66; pp. XVII 177, C XIX 142; wound C VII 163. 2. intr. pp. crept, sneaked, insinuated themselves C IX 260. [OE wrifran] wroberhele n. misfortune, evil fate in phr. wro3t to ~ doomed at creation XIV 121, C XV 297; to ~ manye to the damnation of many A II 20. [OE wrdpre, h<ele\ wrobliche adv. angrily V 84, A V 67. [OE wrdfylice] wurye v. attack and kill C IX 267; pr.t.pl. C IX 227. [OEwyrgan]

X x swee TEN; xxxti see GRITTY.

Y yaf see GYUEN; yald see YELDEN. yarkeb v. pr.t.3sg. prepares VII 80. [OE geardan, LOE gterciari] yarn see RENNEN.yate, 3ate, gate n. gate V 629, 1X82, A VI 114, XI 45, C VII 249, 282; pi. Pr 104, V 594, C II 135, VII 242. [OE geat, get] ye, 36 pron. 2pl. 1. you as subj. of v. Pr 76, A Pr 97, C Pr 96; as pi. of formal address I 138, III 176, A IV 89, VII 116, C I 137, II 18; w. n. in app. Pr 199, 1195, A VII 18, VIII 61, C P r l O l , 217, 219; w. adj. used as n. VIII 94, X 88, A IX 84, C XVI 256, XVII 83. 2. ace. or dat. yow, 3OW, 3011 you: as dir. obj. ofv. Pr 200, I 14, A II 103, IV 1, C I 17, V 142; w.n.inapp. VI 321, VII 187, A III 60, VII 302, C V 1 7 0 , VIII 341; w. adj. used as n. 154, XIV 140, A I 52, C VII 239

yelde(n) - 3acheus

Glossary

VIII 172, C IX 340. 2. pr.subj.sg. repay, requite VI 127, A VII 119, C VIII 133. 3. of a debt or obligation pay back, repay VII 83, XIX/XXI391; pr.t.Bsg. VII 80; abs. borwej) to ~ lives on credit XV 256, C XVI 372; of ill-gotten gains ~ ayein restore V 455, A V 227, C VIII 41; in name of pers. C VI 309; abs. pr.t.2sg. V288, C VI 343. 4. refl. pr.t. Isg. surrender, give up V367, C VI 425; 3sg. XVIII 100; pa.t.3sg. XII 193, C XX 103; prp. II 105, A II 69. [OE geldan] yeme, 3eme n. heed, care, note III 334, C III 486. [QEgieme] 3emen n. pi. responsible servants, yeomen C III 270. [? OE *geaman] cp. yonge men yemere n. administrator XIII 170. [fr. v.] 3ent see YON. yepeliche adv. strenuously XV 188, C XVI 331. [fr. adj.] yerde, 3arde n. 1. rod, staff XII 14, A X 85; pi. sticks IV 117, A IV 103, C I V 112. 2. pi. of measurement yards V212, A V 128; uninfl. C VI 220. [OE gird, gerd] yeres, 3eres n. pi. years Pr 65, A Pr 62, C VIII 344; uninfl. pi. w. num. or time measure V 414, XIII 3, A IV 73, VII 305, C IV 82, V 35; fele ~ long ago XV 231, C XVI 356; inphr. manye ~ years of indulgence VII 18, A VIII 20, C IX 22; years of life in prospect XI 18, C XI 177; gen. sg. inphr. at one ~ ende in due course II 105, A VII 42; lenger ~ loone deferment of date of repayment XX/XXII287; in adv. use sg. II 231, A II 190, C II 241; pi. V 121, A XI 284, C XVI 288. [OEger,gear] yeres3yue, yeresyeue(s), 3eris3iue n. gift given or exacted by custom at the New Year or the beginning of a year of office VIII 52, X 48, A XI 34; pi. Ill 100, A III 89; annuities XIII 184. [ME] yerne, 3erne adv. 1. warmly VI 108, A VII 100; eagerly VI 297, C VIII 319; diligently C VIII 116; shrewdly, sharply C IV 53; earnestly, pressingly IV 74, XX/XXII 287; fast XX/XXII 159; as ~ at once V423, C VII 36. [OEgeorne] yernen v. pr.t.pl. aspire (to), have ambitions (for) XIII 184; pr.subj.sg. desire,

long 135, A I 33, C I 3 3 . [OEgiernan] yerne see RENNEN. yet, 3et, 311, 3ut adv. 1. further, moreover, in addition Pr 211, IV 59, A IV 46, VII 188, CIII 43, IV 55. 2. in comp. even, still IV 161, VII 83, A V 9 5 , C Pr 222, III 210, IV 156. 3. hereafter, at length, in due course III 299, A III 275, C III 452; still I 138, II 1, A I 127, IX 102, C V 35, VI 333; as yet IX 185; to this day, yet III 184, V 399, A III 171, V212, C XIV 198, XVII 182; continually, constantly C XVII48; as modal conj. nevertheless, still, even so Pr 185, I 169, A II 102, IV 21, C III 77, V 94, IX 325. [OE get, git] yeten, y3oten v. pp. formed (as by casting in a mould) 1154, CI150. [OEgeotan] 3euan man's name, Evan: Jig. in allegorical pers. restore-ill-gotten-gains C VI 309. iotten see 3EDE. 3is, 3US adv. yes in answer to question or statement involving a neg. V 126, 634, AV103, CVI91. [OEgise] 3okes«.p/. pairs of oxen C VII 295. yolde pp. adj. exhausted, spent IX 166. [ME fr. yelden] yon, 30116, yond, 3ent adj. yonder, the ... over there, that ... there XVIII 145, C XX 194; over there C XV 130. [OEgeon adj.,geondadv.] yonde, 3ende adv. over there, yonder XVIII 252, C XX 261. [OE geond] yong(e), 3ong adj. young V 35, 1X166, A V 33, C Pr 218; as n. young people IX 205, C X 304; ~ men yeomen, responsible servants III 214, A III 201. [OE geong] iotten see YEDE. youj>e, 3oupe, 3owthe n. youth I 141, A III 89, C VI 240; fig. XV 188, A XII 60, C XVI 331. [QEgeogufi yowself, 3owsylue, 3owsulue(n), your(e)self pron. emph. pi. as unsupported subj. you yourselves V 42, XVI 122, C IV 187; ace. your own selves X 278, XVI 123, C VIII 14; as refl. obj. Pr 201, C Pr216. TME1

z 3acheus n. Zacheus (Lk 19) 240

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