Napoleon's Guard Cavalry

rm:m MILITARY

MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES

NAPOLEON'S GUARD CAVALRY

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109

E\IIR BlXI L\RI

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\IcBRIDE

EDITOR: MARTIN WINDROW

r;mm I1llITAIlY

MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES

NAPOLEON'S GUARD CAVALRY Text by EMIR BUKHARI Colour plates by ANGUS McBRIDE

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First published in Creal Britain in 197B by Osprey, an imprint of Reed Consumer Books Limited ~Iichelill House,81 Fulham Road, I.ondon SW3 6R B and Auckland, ~Iclbourne, Singapore and Toronto

r Copyright 1978 O:.prey Publishing Ltd Reprinted 19'31, 19'32. 19'33. 19'34, 19'35, 1986, 19'37. 1988, 19B9, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1991 All rights reserved. Apan from any fairdcaling for the purposc ofprivale study, rcscarch, criticism or rcview, as permitlcd undcr the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, IgBS, no part oflhis publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic. electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, pholocopy ing, recording or olhcf\\ise, wilhout the prior permission of the copyright O\\ller. Enquirio should be addressed to the Publishers.

Filmsel by BAS Printers Limited, Over Wallop, Hampshire Printed in Hong Kong

The author would like to express his gratitude for lhe assistance rendered him by the following persons in thc preparation of this book: the members of staff of the Musce de l'Armee, I>aris, and the National Army Museum, London;Jean and M.le Baron dc Gcrlache de Come')'; ~hrtin Windrow and Gerry Embleton; and Sue Armitage. The author would also like 10 acknowledge the works ofComndt. Bucquoy and Lucien Rouuelot, in particular, ujX)n whose research this and all previous tides in the ~ries have depended.

:lY!P0leoJl's guard(i!valry

Dress and EquipDl.ent The habit .. In 1804 the grenadiers' habits required the changing of the bultons LO types bearing the Imperial eagle with their passing into the Imperial Guard. The garmelll was dark blue with like-

7lle :lief/V)' @valr)' THE GRENADIERS A CHEVAL Organisation 1799: Raised as a regiment of light horse on 1800:

180 5:

1811:

1812:

2

December. Became Grtnadiers Cheval in December and named the Grenadiers Cheval de fa

a

a

Garde des Consuls. Renamed the Grenadiers aCheval de la Garde Impmale on 18 May. Their strength was 1,018 troopers organised in four squadrons of two companies each. Squadron ofvililes added on 17 September, followed by a second squadron latcr in same year. ViLile squadrons disbanded and the regiment reorganised into five regular squadrons. Following disastrous Russian campaign, the number of grenadiers acheval recorded in February 1813 being only 127 all laid, the regiment was reduced to roursquadrOils.

181 3:

Further to the decree of I oJanuary, a fifth and later a sixth squadron of vilites was formed and designated as Young Guard. With the First ResLOration, the regimelll was disbanded :23 July and then lhe original four Old Guard squadrons were re-formed and redesignaled the Corps

ROJ'at des Cuirassiers de France. Resumed its Imperial lide on 8 April for lhe Hundred Days campaign, al a strength of 1,04:2 officers and men. Disbanded on :25 November.

Trooper's lIab~tacb~, Chasse..r. paignli of 1806 which was manufactured and issued until as late as and lao, in the lurbit, normally rnerved for No.2 drnl'. Chasfturs on escort duty were further required never to wear 1802; it had the following characteristics: length, their cal"'" or grealcoatli, 1", il conc:eal their identily, and 33cm; weight, 1.3kg; calibre, q.lmm. A total of were therefore obliged to ulOf: only the detachable shoulde.... cape in inclement weather. This trooper is so attired and we 33,000 was manufactured. The An XIII model was can go 1'0 far as 10 tis the time of day as be,w_n 6pm and bam, only between those hour5 were the elilcort c:haslieu... inspired by the 1786 marine pattern pistol and was since permitted 10 luck the jI,,1t11?14. of their colpaclts within the a simplified version of the An IX pattern with the headgear and put on the protective black top (described in the text). (Benigni. Courtesy Dc: Gerlache de Gomery CoUeetion) following specifications: length, 35cm; weight, 1.23kg; calibre, 17.lmm. Both patterns are illustrated in Napoleon's Cuirassiers and Carabiniers, p. 20.

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'lfte £igltt @volr)' THE CHASSEURS A CHEVAL Organisation 17g6: A mixed corps created by Ceneral Bon· apartc from various units, including the old Compagnie de Guides Ii Pid tile Armet

or

l)gB: 1800:

des Alpes, and named the Guides de [,Annie d'flalie. Renamed the Guides de l'Annie d'Orienl. Became the Chasseurs aCheval de ia Garde des Consuls, 13 January. Comprised of onc squadron of two companies, 8 Septem-

IBell:

be,. Augmented 10 two squadrons OflWO companies each, 6 August. Designated a regiment on 14 November.

1802: ,804: 1805: 1806:

180g:

,812:

1813:

1814:

10

Raised to a total of four squadrons on I October. Became the OIQSSeMS a Glltllal de fa Garde Imperiale on 18 May. A squadron of four companies of vililts added, 17 September. VeNus formed into a second squadron, 15 April. December, l'eWes reduced 10 a single squadron of two companies.

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j

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Regiment augmented to a total of five CA..,_.. ... ea.m.paip dres., ,8.2. 'I1oe .bo...e ...uconn .. squadrons of chassrors and the vilius Iutown to have bc!nI WOrD withou. esceptioD thro Morocca_In.Lto.... crossbdt is protectNl by _ cover ofmed y"Uo lace or "_ difI'"r.,... width.; DOl" d .... th" bOllom co"""r """'"' IlIcked "p. Th" pon"ma"lea" i. Karl... with yeUo lace ...d pip"'S' (R......"lot.. eoun"y De G--lacb" d" Com,,1"}' Collection)

gives details of both the new oriental and French unifonns. Those already in. the ranks were only issued these new effects as and when their old gear was lost or worn out. The list includes: On'nllal dress: A cloth yaluk (the chemise) of variable colour, with spherical buttons and wool lace (mixed wool and gold for trumpeters and NCOs); a cloth jerkin of scarlet with spherical J t is uncertain but probably unlikely that the buttons and wool lace (wool and gold for trum- French dress was worn on campaign. Instead, both peters and NeOs); amaranth charoual·style tmuscrs Frenchmen and Mamelukes probably wore orienwith wool lace (wool and gold for trumpeters and tal dress but with items of equipment borrowed NCO,). from the French style. Where this 'borrowing' Frtnch drtss: An indigo habit with crimson piping included webbing, it might equally have been of and lace (NeOs to wear an indigo pclisse wirh gold either white buff or black leather. lace and braid and black fur rrim); a scarlet, double· breasted waistcoat; indigo breeches of THE GARDES D'HONNEUR Hungarian cur; indigo overalls, reinforced with black leather and decorated with crimson lace; an Returning from the disastmus Russian campaign, indigo bonntl dt poliu with crimson jiammt and the Emperor set about raising a new Grandt Annit yellow piping, lace and tassel; an indigo stable 011 an empt)' public purse. One of the most jacket and grey stable o\"eralls; a grey cloth expensive items was cavalry and he therefore conceived of raising a force of 10,000 horse at no manttau·capott. \7

expense. He would canvass the nobles and the rich bourgeois to fonn the Gord~ d'Honnmr, an elite cavalry regimem which would furnish him a personal guard of honour; they would be paid the same as thecnasstUrs Ii chtt'ol and be assured the rank of sous-lieutmont after twelve months' service-in relUrn they would mount, dress and equip themselves at personal expense. One way or another this was achieved and the 1st Regiment was raised at Versaillcs, the 2nd at Metz,

TrOOp"'r of tlte Dulch Lane.." ia marching order, 181~-1", He wears tlt......,.,6... ~.poI6 rrealcoa1 CUI ot a.ky-btue clotlt witlt Kart... coUar. The body of tlt.. _ I t.JiI-m by on.....11 ot aU: ~""rM bullOlUi whil.. tlte abo'" ahouJde.--P'" bon' tltree Urnilar bull_a tor tlte ..... e ~ . The u..ide 1"'511 ot tlt.. lleavy dark lit OVU1l1lIl.n' reiaforced witlt black lealher and acari... lace o eatll tlte oUler seanu. Ualik.. tltm Britid> cowuerparu, ~ Fn'Ddo C&...u.ry oaly rdy walked tltftr onou.ola, ulluaUy oaJy wilen aleep y-ad-i t11 coonpdled tlt...... pnor.. rrias: 10 n'on.a.ia ia tlte Noddle tor tlte d tio.. of tlte m.rch. The U.uaIl1,,-t..... WIlli tlta1 tlte lIorsea walked for tlte 6nt lIo..r after which. len m..iaul" Ioa.ll WIlli called, during which tint.. th" harnessing _ • •djusled and Ih.. pack equipmenl redill1ribulean>e,:ns; scarletfr_ IwtiC. with dark blae c:ufl's aad pipillsabooat the lapels attd coOar; p1aUJ D.an> w-.i"tc:c.lj while c:oI.loa breecbes and .IOC:kioSfJ, am:!. bladr; POK with Jilded buc:kles. The ri&btbam:! 6su.re i. ill iDf"orm.al dress .......rved ror quarters. II eo"'pri..... Polish bo....et, the c_J~dn.tk., or Karlet cloth with sold lace ...d pipillr;; • dark blue .NriOld twtic with scarlel collar, o:uft'l ...d pipillr; down the breast ...d .bout the turnb.ck,,; .. pl.in white w-.iucoat, ...d dark blue undrKl breeehes with Karlel lace. Note Ihe prererence ror black webbmg with thue breeMf:fi. Hi .. iiab" ill the office....• pattern or the AN XI lighl c.valry ",odel. (Rou..elol. Couru,.y De Gerl.cbe de Gomery Collection)

sword knot, cartridge-pouch and crossbelt, muskeloon crossbelt and sling, and muskcloon lockcover. The sword belt was ofwhite buffleather, with brass fittings and a large square brass buckle stamped with a crowned Imperial eagle device. The sword knot was either of white bulT' or lacquered deerskin. The cartridge·pouch was of highly polished black leather and bore a brass crowned Imperia. cagle device. It was suspended from a white buff crossbelt with brass buckle and 21

when the regiment was raised in Poland and these were replaced upon their arrival in France, in March i80g, by either the An XI light cavalry pattern sabre, with iron scabbard, or earlier patterns of hussar variety, with brass fittings and hilt. These 'hussar' style sabres might either have been the variety we associate with Line hussars or those with which the c!lasseurs Ii ellecal were issued. The weight of the An XI-pauern light cavalry sabre's iron scabbard was such as to provoke complaints LO the Ministry of War lhat copper- or brass-fitted scabbards were preferred. Tnunpet_b&tu>er oftbe Outd.. Lanc.. rs, 18.1. This rn..st..... tioa i. based on a pbotop-apla or existins tnod..1 edUbicO!d at tb.. Ka.zaB catJoedraJ i.8 St. P buFl. Ie IDeas,"," 40 x:JII'CID; ror colours, __ Pb.e.. E •. (Rou lot. Court_y Dc G..rlac:ht. .... GolDery CoUec:tioa)

Trumpete.... of the Outdo Lance....... f..11 dre.., .81]. T ....... _ peters' full..dre.. ....ifono C01:I~i.tO!d of. whit.. czapk. aJ>d Irwrlk. witJo KIlrld b.--che•. The f.cu.!. we..... KIlrlltt. The laid lace .bout tJoe collar, o;uff. aad lapd.- w-. •• widtJo aad botIt tJoe epauld'''' aad tJoe aiKUilleues we..... of ..w.O!d KIlrld aad lold tIon&cL The cold lace of tJoe b.--ches was _ ... width. Thet:zap6k. was ofid.... ticaI palin'S to that of LbO! ~ but wiLb LbO! pipinc, com aDd tassels of..u:.:O!d scarlet aDd Cold ;.. the proponiolu of two-dtirds aad ..-dUn:I ......pectively. The phunO! is It....... sho_ as KIlrlet wiLb whit.. tip, bon tlois is ........ to MlDe dou.1M aad white pllllDes wiLb .-riel Up. w-e equally possible. (Tous-u.t. Courtesy Dc Gerlache de Gorn.. ry CoUectioa)

m.DIl'"

fillings. The muskeloon crossbell was constructed of these same materials but with the addition of a steel musket clip complete with slim white buff strap. The musketoon's lock cover was also of white buff and all the buff leathers were stitched along both sidcsoftheir entire length in common with the other units of Guard cavalry. TIle steel-bladed lance introduced in December of 1809 had a blackened wood staff and steel feTTllle. The wrist-strap was of Hungarian leather. The overall length was 2. 75m. TIle pennant which auached to the top was crimson over white and measured 487mm in depth, 487mm in length from V-cut to the staff and 73cm in overall length. The lancers received rather poor quality Prussian sabres

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.....~ r ..

Trumpeter .Cdoe Outdo I..anc:..rII'" ca.mpaip dress, 18'3- ne Cull dreg wlUle honk. of the tnampet"'... __ reseO"Y",- _Idy Cor doe "'HI Corm.al OC'eoosio... aad. NCODd Cull dress b n b of ~ .... noplac:ed it OD ID_I OCQhon... The tr\lJ:npet~ illustrated .. _ dad, with doe lapels bu.uOGed over; doe nuoic h.u Karlec collar. cuffs aad uU''II''du willo s:oId lau, aad q>auJetl~ aad aipill_ of a:W.ed lolel _d scarlet ~d.. (ROUHoeloc.. eo..nny De Gerladoe de Gom.<ery Collettioa)

The lancers also received muskctoons of dubious foreign origin and I.hese were duly replaced by the An IX-pauern muskctoon of Imperial manufacLUre. Their pistols were initially of Prussian origin, but these were found to be too long for their holsters and were exchanged for either lhe An IX or XIII patlern. THE DUTCH LANCERS

Organisation ,810: Further to the decree of '3 September, the DUldl Rigimmt de Hussards de fa Garde Q

ChnJoi du Roi became the 2tme Rtgimmt de C1m:au.-Ugn-s Lana:"! de fa Garde. The regiment comprised S8 officers, 881 men and 865 hor.ieS divided into four squadrons. Reorganisation of I October raised the existing Elat-.\Iajor from eleven to

twenty officers, including: I coLoneL, '2 majors, 4 chefs d'escadrons, I quartier-maitre, I capitaine-instructeur, '2 capitainesadjutants-majors, 4 Lieutenants-sousadjutants-majors, I porU-aigLe, 2 chirurgimsmajors, '2 chirurgims-aides-majors, and 1'2 troopers. The decree further instructed that officer-class vacancies should be filled with officers from other Dutch caval[) units, while trooper vacancies should be filled from the 3m1e Rtgimtnl de Hussards HoUandais and the Garde du Corps Holiandaise. Regiment augmented to five squadrons II March, the fifth comprising men culled from some thirty cavalry depots and a single squadron of the Dutch Garde Royale retrieved from the 1st Hussars stationed in Spain. Totals of I September include 1,406 troopers, including 58 vilites, Decree of 10 January reorganised the regiment into eight squadrons of '250 men apiece, the numbers made up with Frenchmen. On '2'2 February,asquadron of the Garde Ii ChnJaL de Paris was assimilated into the regiment ~offi.cial decree of 6 ~'Iarch), bringing it to a total of ten squadrons. On 17 March, the first five squadrons designated Old Guard and the remajning five ]eune Garde, Royal Ordnance of 1'2 May turned Old Guard squadrons into the Corps Royal des Chevau-Ugers Lanciers de France, comprising 42 officers and 60 I men. ]eune Garde squadrons dissolved. Marshal Ney's review of '2 August lists 32 officcrs and 482 mcn. With the return of Napoleon, the regiment resumed Imperial service, incorporating the single remaining squadron of Polish lancers which accompanied the Emperor to Elba, 8 April, under the name of the Rtgimmt de C!mJau-Ligm de La Garde lmpbiale, With the Second Rcstoration, the Ilolish squadron entered Russian service (I October) while the remainder were

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bluc. Bultons werc copper and thc kurtko was usually buttoned ovcr to lhe left, towards the aiguiJIcttcs, hiding the dark blue lapels save for a dark blue piping which trimmed the open edge. The lancers' gild d'itun·e consisted of a sky.blue tunic with scarlct collar. It was double-breasted and closed by parallel rows of nine copper buttons. Likc their Polish contcmporaries, the Dutch Lancers also employed this tunic widely in march· ing order and as general campaign dress wear. The lancers worc similar lrouscrs lO their Polish counterparts bUl cut of scarlet cloth and with twin strips ofdark blue lace down the scams of the outer leg. The pattern of overall generally employed was dark blue, reinforced with black leather about the inside leg and opening laterally by means of eighlcen copper bunons set on scarlet lace down each outer seam. These same overalls were frequently embellished with hip-poc.keu with buttondown flaps; the flaps ended in three points and bore either lhree or five copper buttons. The off-white stable overalls wcre also occasionally adopted in marching ordcr dependent on the weather. The Dutch Lancers employed a sleeved mUlIleall·caPQle of sky·blue with scarlet collar. Syriaa IIor....rnlUl, 1m. The M.rn"l ..... u w " o ~.Uy Both Polish and Dutch Lancers were shod in a fonn..d from cavalry .uch as thi•. Hi. h..-d!". i. h dposed of altemating white and crimson "tnands. The portenaanteau iii dark green and piped in white with crint"on lace. The stirrups are iron. (Rous_lot after Wurtz. Courtesy 0.. Gerlache de Gomery Collection)

THE LITHUANIAN TARTARS The Lithuanian Tartars were the Moslem descendants of the Tartars who had seuled in Lithuania during the Middle Ages.

Chef d'E.c.dron of the Mamdukes, '809-10. His scarlet headgear has a white turban and pl.......e. gold omaDlenlS and pl.....e holder. His tunic i. white with gold lace. Hili wailitcOat is scarlet with gold lace. His sasb i. gold with intenninenl th",ads of red and dark grfl:D. Hill trOUllerllare brid< red as ill the trim to hill leopards],,;n saddle. The pistol bolster is crimson with gold ornament•. The saddle-cloth i. dark grC'en with gold ornaments and lace. The le.theu a", brown with gold ornament. and .carliet Oounce. (Taneonville after BoclIenheint. Courtesy De Gerlache de Gomery Collection)

Organisation 1812: Muslapha Achmalowicz, a licutenantcolonel of Polish cavalry, charged with raising a regiment of cavalry in July. Only one squadron was in fact formed and was given the role ofscouts altached to the 3eme Rfgimenl de Cheval/-Legen (LitllUalliells) of the Guard. This rcgiment was wiped out at Slonim on 19

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The .laGdanI-bearer uad portu.q_. or the Manu,lukes, '807. T1ae _.Ie-be.rer .nd hi. ruard were esUobl.UJo~rurther to the hnpaia.l Decree or •S April ,806 whida also dettrm.iJ:o~ that the Mam.e1uk" were to toW t.bJ.rteao. office... _d 147 troopn"s uad NCO.. ne na.lldard itRlf w... awarded the lolameluke. after !-he batde or AualerJitz, al wbich the eompa.a.y h.ad particularly dillti.llrWah~!-hemaelves.1t wa. or IIIo.t patlera _d waa inacribcd I L"£MP£JU:UIt DU FaA.l"au.. wbile turbaa -.ad bbd< UVttle" His fWlic ~ sky-bh... wi.... bhclo la~ aad sokl ......... ...... ~ dlnToIu. His wD.1C01l1 &ad trousers a.re scarlet with black pipiftS' His ....h i. Uodiso with .carlel ........1 and sold friAr. His black...,.bt..rded aci.m.ira.. has Bold 6tt:i.nts .ad iJI ._pended OD • _rlet cord. (Ro...wot after v .......... eo"'-'''lIy 0.. c....1acl>" de Gom"T)' Collection)

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of 1M Chassturs Ii Chn:a/ in campaign dreSJ,1812 '11e reorganisation of 1802 raised the number of trumpeters from two to three per company (i.e. six per squadron) creating a tOlal oflwelve under the command of a trumpel·major and two brigadinstrQmpttles. By 1811, they numbered thirty, whilc in 1813, with the formation of foUl" Young Guard

C3 T rV»lINln

Trooper ofth.. MameJ",keli, ,808 ,0. Thi. Mameluke wean a crimllOn caho"k b_d-drfl. with blacl< aigrette. Hi" ch..rni".. i. yellow with bJacl< wool lac.. ; th.. wai.lcoat i. incG/l:o with black lac.....d pipinlH the h i••lIIy-bl",e and th.. cluaro...d tro.. HrIl.re tlCarlel. Thi. rea view afford.... th.. opportunity 10 no ... thaI both cartridge-pouch cro".belt ...d carbin.. cro""belt an of French Iighl cavalry palle....... iad....d ill th.. cartridge-po"ch ;1HlJ', • developing lrend •• the ea.mpaign.. rolled by and th.. pas.ibmt'''' of replaciog woro uiptn..nt with oriental pattern. dec:ro:a........ n .. portem...t cut of dark p""""" cloth and h •• CrimM" lace with • •trip of whit.. piPlns: on ather .ide of the rounded .... d •. (Roo....Jot after 8a.au. Cotlrtdy De Gerlache de Comery Collo:ction)

squadrons, the) totalled fifty-four. The last five campaigns, including that of 1812 in Russia, were undertaken without pelisses and this trumpeter is therefore typical of the post-I 808 period. Trumpetmajors and brigadins-tromfHtta were clothed in the same manner but with the addilion of gold rank chevrons above the cuffs: twO fOT the tromfHlle-major and one for the brigadins-trompttta. D I Brigadiu-tromfHtte of lhe Po/ish Lanurs in snvUe drus, 1810-1814 TIle while full-dresskurtkas were so easily soiled and

damaged that the pattern shown here was issued as a senrice-dress replacement. It was distributed along with trousers of like colour, deep sky-blue, and the trumpeters therefore most frequently looked pn.-ciscly like the troopers save for the ground cloth and the additional lace aboul the collar and cuffs. The brigadiU>s rank is indicated by a silver lace chevron above each cuff. His epaulcne and aiguillenes arc composed of two-thirds crimson and one-third silver thread. We have taken the liberty of illustrating the a:.apska wilhout its protcctive cover, the better to display the white panern issued musicians, and the typical campaign ovcrallsofthe period in lieu of the sky-bluc trousers. D2 Subaltern

rif Ihe

Polish Lanctrs in campaign dress,

1810- 181 4

The dress of officcrs of thc Polish Lancers followed the general rulc of Napoleonic cavalry in that the officers were clad and equipped in similar fashion to the troopers, but in clothing of better quaHty and with silver replacing all pewter and white wool. For the sake of showing the c~apska detail, we have not shown it encased in the protective cover wc might expect in marching order. In similar fashion, the lapels arc illustrated folded back, rather than crossed ovcr in the dircction of the aiguillettcs to

! reveal the dark-bluc ground cloth. His expcnsively ornamented crossbclt has been sheathed in a cover of crimson leathcr to save it from wear and tcar. He carries the ofllcers' pattcrn of the An Xl light cavalry model sabrc, although hussar patterns were certainly not unknown. D3 Trooptr of Ihe Polish

LaTICm

in

StrUlCt

dress,

1810-- 181 4

This figurc illustratcs thc transJX>Sition of the aiguillettcs with the fringed wool epaulene which took placc aftcr the adoption of the lance in 1Bog. When thc lancers received their lances they also retained all their previous armaments, including musketoon, sabre and brace of pistols, and it was so

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equipped thai they took pan in the Russian campaign of ,812. Aside from the enormous encumbrance of this veritable arsenal, it was pointed out that the second rank of lancers would scarcely require a lance, and in April 1813 the weaponry was redistributed among the ranks in the following manner: in each company of 125 men, the first row comprised two maTtehaux-du-logis with sabre and two pistols; four brigadins with sabre, muskctoon and bayonet, single pistol and lance; and forty-four troopers with sabre, single pistol and lance. The second rank would consist of four brigadins and forty-four men equipped with sabre, single pistol, musketoon and bayonet. Thereafter would come three trumpeters with sabre and two pistols; twO farricrs with sabre and single pistol; eightccn troopers, half of whom were armed with sabre and carbine and the remainder with sabre and lance; and a marechat-des.logis-chif, two marechaux-des-togis and a farrier armed with sabre and two pistols. Asaconsequence, Ihewebbingofthe troopers was modified and the musketoon crossbdt only issued to those so armed. E 1 T rum~r-major of the Dutch Lanars in full JrtSs, 1811

pe'i'"

Tro<tpft" orthe Ernpreu'll Dra«OoODIl in 'e....".; pi"tl•• 808. The d ... «OoODIl we.... tnLined 10 6gllt both mounted and Oa rOoOt, and 0«'.... coasequend)' anned with the 1001 "777-mOOel droolOoOa musket, •• modified in .4.. IX. ffi. per;,,, _ i... or. _rio.d t..me iD pla~ orbis rUU-d....... Moit. Note that the sword-belt __ .1""3 over the rilht dooulder whe:a aD r-. (DetaiJI,.. A"thor'. CoUectioa)

,ftl....

34

This special fuJl.-dress unifonn was introduced on 15 Augusl 1811. The tmmpet-major and the thrCf: brigadins-trom~tks were equipped with the white col pack shown here at a COSt of 51 F apiece; the trumpet-major's headgear was further embellished with a sumptuous gold and scarlet cord and tassels at a cost of 36F. The trumpet-major's rank distinctions were those of a marechal-dts-logis-dltf, a single gold chevron mounted on scarlel ground above the cuff, and, in addition, two strips of gold lace on the collar as shown in our illustration. With the existing gold lace which trimmed the facings. the lace therefore formed a depth of three on the collar and twO at the cuff. The brigadins-tromptttts had the twin gold chevrons of a mortchal-Jes-logis and an additional single stripe of gold lace on the collar: the lace would therefore have a visual depth of two at the collar and three at the cuO: Note also this t,om~ttt-majors webbing, consisting of five stripsofgold lace on a scarlelground. The tmmpetbanner is that reproduced in black and white on another page, and readers are referred to its caption for further detail.

Lancers. His rank is indicaLCd by twin chevrons of yellow lacc; a maricha/-des-(ogis would havc a single This officer was one of four of idcmical rank chevron of gold lace above the cuffs and, in altached to the Etal-.\Iajorofthe regimcnt. Officers' addition, czapska cords, cpauleue and aiguillcltcsof dress was basically the same as the troopers with one-third gold and two-thirds scarlet; a maricha/gold in place of yellow, but the Dutch Lancers des-/ogis-£htjwould be identical to thc sergeant, saYe were penniued thc latitudc common to light for twO gold chevrons above each culf. For fuJi ca\'alf) regiments and their officcrs sported per- dress, this individual would add yeJlo\\ cords and sonalised COStumes of man) varicties. The black tassels and a white plume to hisczapska, and replace and \\ hite illustrations furnish sevcral examples of thepal/ta(ol/ d'icun'eshown here with scarlet breeches this trait and we here reprcscnt a fairly typical with twin strips of dark blue lace do\\'n the seam. example of campaign dress. The white ostrich or The ponl%n d'icurie (stable overalls) were freheron fcathcr plume of his czapska has been quently authorised in lieu of the heavy, dark blue removed and the costly hcadgcar encased in a overalls in fine weather. protectivc cloth with only a gold cord pompon to designatc its wearer's status. His crossbelt is likewise F/ Trooper of the German Light Horse ill service JuU protcctcd in a shcath of ~'Ioroccan lcather. Other dress, 1807 types of overalls included a dark blue pattern with We have taken the liberty ofillusnating this figure leather reinforccmcnt to the inside Icg and a scarlet ill the corps' original uniform of cream with amaranth facings. In fact, this uniform was strip of lace down the outer leg. dropped shortly before the 1st Squadron departed E3 Brigadier of the Dutch Lanars in summer marching for Spain to support King Joseph's 'triumphant' order, 1812-18/4 entry illlo Madrid in 1808; thereafter it dilfered We have illustrated this figure without the nonnal solely in being made of white in lieu of cream cloth. cloth campaign co\'er in order to display the detail Upon Ihe rcversion of this regiment to lancer-stylc of his czapska. The scarlet headgear was othenvise similar to that worn by thc Polish Lancers. He wears his kurtka buttoned towards the aiguilleues, which were always on thc left side for the Dutch E2 Lieulmallt Sous-adjutant-major of the Dutch Lanerrs in campaign dun, /8/2

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dress in 1812, aftcr thc ckasJt'ur-st)le of the intcl"ening ycars, the uniform was similar to that shown exccpt that both kurtka and breeches were cut of dark green cloth, and the waist sash was dropped in favour of the wide waisthelt shown on figure F2. In full dress, this figure would add white eords and tassels to his c:::.apska along with a white plume tipped with amaralllh.

czupska is protected by a typical covel' and he wears ovcralls in place of thc easily soiled amaranth breeches.

1-) O.ffiCtT of tilt tlilt squadron, tilt Gardr! du Corps,

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tht GtTman Light Horst. 1807 1809

Initially a company. the elite section of the Berg Light Horse was augmented to squadron strength in 1808 and became the Gardts du Corps who originally accompanied King Joseph to Spain. The)' were distinguished from the baJance of the regiment by the button-hole loops on their lapels and by their aiguillettes. A trooper of this same squadron would be identically clad savc that all ornamenlS iIlustratcd here in silver would be of white wool. Note thai both thc czapska plate and the bell-buckle bear the initial 'J' rather than an Imperial device.

F2 T rumptter oj the Gronan Light Horse in cllmpaign dress, 1808--1809

This figure is reconstructed as we might imaginc his dress in Spain. He retains the kurtka of thc samc pattern as that worn by thc troopers but with reversed colours and the addition of silver lace to the facings to designate his rolc and status. His

A lIquadro.. o( ....cen deployft! ... baltle ord..r. In thi. (onnuiOIl d ... lIquadroli would u:tend 10 maslm...... ( ......1&5e with. depth o( .....y IWO ........ i th.. 6rl11 company would fonn the ri&hl wia« and th.. _nod th.. tdt.. A ~""I an deployft! would ha.,., it.llquadro...........Sft!eith.... I.a ....... in ulol-kM or'" cot........ (..... colofc_ • ."-r,, order). (Deuill.,. A ..!hor'. COUeclioll)

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G 1 Troo/J" of tIlL lsi Rtgimmt ofGardu d'Honniur in full dress, 181]-1814

The hussar.stylc uniform illustrated here is taken directly from a surviving uniform: sec body of text for details. G2 TrumfNler ojthe srd Rtgimmt tifGardu d'Honniur, 181 4

The dress of trumpeters of these regiments is uncertain and several sohllions are possible. That shown is the hussar style, with im"cned colours 10 the troopers', and is highly likely for at least one of the regiments. Another possibility is the regulation Imperial Livery in which all trumpeters of the Grande Annie were supposedly clad, comprising dark green tunic with the specially designed Imperial lace aboUl all lbe facings and in loops

38

about the breast butlons. The Alsatian Collections show them in sky-blue pclisses and dolmans, scarlet breeches and black fur bearskin col packs. All of the above solUlions are plausible and it is quite possible that they are all corrt'Ct in one regiment or another. G3 Offiur of tIlL 3'd Regimmt of Gardes d'fJonnmr, 181 4 The dress ofofiicers was essentially the same as that of the men save that all \vhite areas of the men's dress became silver. Rank distinctions were also silver and followed those accorded officers of chasseurs and hussars of the Line. Their headgear was either the scarlet shako shown here or a black bearskin col pack with scarlet jiamme and silver ornaments. Their plumes would be idcnucal to their men's except for staff officers whose plumes were white. Their webbing was T(:d ~Ioroccan leather trimmed in silver lace. fJ 1 Trooper ofthe Lithuanian Tartars, 18/2-1813 The oriental dress of the Lithuanian Tartars isopcn to considerable controversy and this illustration is based on the representations of Genbart;evski,

Malibran and Chehninski. We have shown the costume associated with the creation of the corps, worn throughout 1812 and to a Icsscr cxtcnt in 1813. Although the costume is Eastcrn, the equip. ment is undoubtedly French, the sabre being identical to those issued the Guard lancers. The lance pennant is variously recorded as red over dark green or white, or even white over red.

been tucked; and grey overalls of Frcnch cut with dark green lace down the outcr scams.

H3 Trooptrofthe Mamelukes, 1808-1813 This figure is based on an existing costume in the Brunon Collection with the sole major change of a green cahouk hcad-drcss in place of the yellow model included in the collection. This green pattern was ordcred by Consular decree of 7 January 180'2 to indic'C "" I)-piq .... ....... ~ "" campafl;ne '"' oeukrncn' k dol n fu, d'ol6cicn. CII Ce 1OIda, i dJc".;aJ pone un colpKk """ dtton,,,,,,, oombinaioon rtD"""",, CD"";'- par-o... III cuIoIll., une peI;-, n un....we en d.:rnio:n fj, qudq... aocucilCUlIr~"""ptdc...bn CJA parOlde ,8081>. pe_fi.nCcar1«"" ~n""""pn"""'~IKfi.n .... pon"'.., '806-'1107_ CellUap~u~m ICI>....... ad a,"« den,dIc '"""1..- .. lypoqUC da ~f-!"CI poMeneun:..

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