Modern Times

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Author: H. Scheel | Bertold Spuler | G. Jaschke | H. Braun | W. M. Halle | T. Koszinowski | H. Kahler | F. R. C. Bagley

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Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

title author publisher isbn10 | asin print isbn13 ebook isbn13 language subject publication date lcc ddc subject

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The Muslim World, Part 4, Modern Times Bagley, F. R. C. 9004061967 9789004061965 9780585334615

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The Muslim World A Historical Survey Part IV Modern Times FASCICULE 1 With Contributions by H. Scheel G.Jäschke H. Braun F. R. C. Bagley B. Spuler W. M. Hale T. Koszinowski H. Kähler Translations and Adaptations by F. R. C. Bagley

Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Disclaimer: This book contains characters with diacritics. When the characters can be represented using the ISO 8859-1 character set (http://www.w3.org/TR/images/latin1.gif), netLibrary will represent them as they appear in the original text, and most computers will be able to show the full characters correctly. In order to keep the text searchable and readable on most computers, characters with diacritics that are not part of the ISO 8859-1 list will be represented without their diacritical marks. ISBN 90 04 06196 7 Copyright 1981 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without written permission from the publisher PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Contents

Preface

ix

I. The Ottoman Empire From 1774 to 1918 By Helmuth Scheel translated from the author's chapter in Neuzeit by F. R. C. Bagley

1

Bibliography By Axel Havemann II. Turkey since the Armistice of Mudros By Gotthard Jäschke translated from the author's chapter in Neuzeit by F. R. C. Bagley. Addendum I (1950-1961) By Gotthard Jäschke Addendum II (1962-1966) By F. R. C. Bagley Bibliography By Axel Havemann III. Iran * in the 19th and 20th Centuries By Hellmut Braun translated and adapted from part of the author's chapter in Neuzeit by F. R. C. Bagley The Qajars* up to the Death of Nasir ud-Din Shah*(1796-1896)

The Struggle for Constitutional Government (1896-1912)

The First World War and Its Sequel

The Dictatorship of Riza Shah*

The Second World War and the Oil Dispute

Supplement, Iran* in the Third Quarter of the 20th Century By F. L. V. Bagley

25

26

50

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62

62

74

84

90

98

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139

Bibliography By Axel Havemann IV. Central Asia under Russian Rule By Bertold Spuler translated from part of the author's Geschichte Mittelasiens seit dem Auftreten der Türken (Handbuch der Orientalistik, 1. Abteilung, 5. Band, 5. Abschnitt) by F. R. C. Bagley

143

143

The Russian Imperial Régime in Central Asia

152

The Russian Revolution and the Independence Movements in Turkistan* (1916-1922).

156

Central Asia in the Soviet Union

Addendum: Eastern Turkistan* in the 20th Century, Translated From Part of the Geschichte Mittelasiens

167

170

Bibliography By Axel Havemann Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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V. Modern Afghanistan *: a Historical Summary (1747-1973) By William M Hale The Durrani* Empire: 1747-1839

Invasions and Reconstructions: 1839-1881

The Formation of a New State: 1881-1919

Nationalism and Modernism: 1919-1973

Bibliographical Note By William M. Hale VI. The Arabian Peninsula in the 19th and 20th Centuries By Thomas Koszinowski translated by F. R. C. Bagley Saudi* Arabia

The Yaman (Yemen Arab Republic)

South Yaman (The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen).

Oman*

The United Arab Emirates.

Qatar*

Bahrayn*

Kuwayt

Bibliography By Axel Havemann

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VII. A Short History of Indonesia By Hans Kähler translated by F. R. C. Bagley.

236

236

The Most Ancient Period.

238

The Central Java Period.

239

The East Java Period.

241

The Singhasari* Period (ca. 1222 or 1254-1292)

243

The Majapahit Period (1293- ca. 1520?).

249

Sunda*

250.

Crivijaya* and Malayu

253

The Muslim States of Sumatra and Java

265

The First Europeans in the Archipelago

270

The Dutch in the Archipelago

The Archipelago under the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland

284

286

The British Interlude

289

The Restoration of Dutch Rule

292

The Culture System (1830-1850) and the Liberal Period

299

The Rise of Indonesian Nationalism

314

The Japanese Occupation (1942-1945) Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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From the Allied Landings to the British Departure

319

The Dutch-Indonesian Negotiations and Conflicts

326

The Parliamentary Democracy (1949-1957)

327

The Guided Democracy (1957-1965)

330

The Change of Course (1965-1967)

332

The Régime of General Suharto

334

Bibliography By Hans Kähler Indexes Compiled by Gabriele Braune

339

339

Personal Names

350

Geographical Names

359

Technical Terms Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Indices Compiled by Gabriele Braune Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Personal Names (Including Peoples and Dynasties) Modern scholars: Small Capital The Arabic article (al- and assimilated forms) at the beginning of names is replaced by are inserted as A, O, U Dutch names beginning with "Van" are inserted under "V" A Abbas Mirza (Persian heir to the throne) 66, 68f. Abdali(s) (Afghan tribe) 172f. Abd Allah, Shaykh of Kuwayt 232 Abd Allah (Imam of Oman) 221 Abd Allah, Shaykh of Qatar 228 Abd Allah al-Asnaj 218 Abd Allah al-Hamdi 216 Abd Allah al-Sallal 213f. Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Wazir 211f. Abd Allah (ibn Faysal) (Wahhabite leader) 199 Abd al-Aziz - Ibn Sa'ud Abd al-Fattah Isma'il 219 Abd an-Nasir 204-206, 212-214 Abd al-Qawi al-Makkawi 218 Abd air-Rahman al-Iryani 219 Abd ar-Rahman ibn Faysal (head of the Wahhabites) 199 Abd al-Wahhab (founder of the Wahhabites) 199 Abdülaziz (Sultan) 16-18 Abdülmecid I (Sultan) 12, 16, 30, 35f. Abdülhamid II (Sultan) 17f., 20f., 38 Abd ul-Ahad (Amir of Afghanistan) 150f. Abdul-Ghani Dr. (Afghan political leader) 185

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Abdul Kahar (Qahir) (Sultan of Bantam) 278 Abd ur-Rahman (Emir of Afghanistan) 179f., 182f., 189 Abdurrahman (regent of Borneo) 259f. Abd ul-Rahman Mahmudi (Kabuli deputy) 191 Abd uz-Zahir (Prime Minister of Afghanistan) 194 Adil Shah (ruler of Kurasan) 64 Adityawarman (King of Majapahit) 252 Adiwijaya (Sultan of Pajang) 262f. Afghani, Sayyid Jamal ad-Din Asadabadi (theologian) 73-75, 180 Afghans (people) 33, 65, 67, 74f., 171-196 passim Afshar (tribe) 174 Ageng (Sultan of Bantam) 278 Agha Khan (religious leader) 70 Agha Muhammad Shah (of Persia) 64-66 Agung (Sultan of Mataram) 263, 264, 274, 276 Ahmad (Shaykh of Kuwayt) 232 Ahmad ibn 'Ali Shaykh of Qatar 228 Ahmad (ibn Yahya) (Imam of Yemen) 212f. Ahmad Shah Durrani (Afghan ruler) 65, 171, 175 Ahman Shah (of Afghanistan) 173f. Ahmad Shah (of Persia) 82, 84f., 88-91 Akif, Mehmed (Ersoy) (Turkish author) 33 Ala, Husayn (Persian Prime Minister) 103, 107, 113ff. Aladin Riayat (Sultan of Atjeh) 266 Alam, Asadullah (leader of the Mardum Party) 116, 126, 130 Albuquerque (Portuguese admiral) 266 Alexander I (Tsar) 5f., 8, 13, 66, 68 Alexander II (Tsar) 17, 75 Alexander the Great 253 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_341.html (2 of 3)07.01.2011 03:46:12

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Alexander VI, Pope 207 Al-i Ahmad, Jalal (Persian writer) 134 Ali, Imam 110 Ali Muhammad, Mirza (Bab) 63 Ali (Sharif of Mecca) 201 Ali Asghar Khan, Mirza (Persian Prime Minister) 73f., 76 Alican, Ekrem (Turkish Minister and party leader) 55 Ali Fethi Bey (Okyar) (Atatürk's friend) 34 Ali ibn Abd Allah, Shaykh of Qatar 228 Al Khalifa (dynasty in Bahrayn) 229 Alim (Amir of Bukhara) 151f. Ali Pasa (Governor of Yanina) 8 Ali Riza Pasa 30 Allahyar Khan (Abdali leader) 173 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Al Thani (family in Qatar) 228 Amangkubuwana I (Sultan of Jogjakarta) 282 Amangkubuwana III (Sultan of Jogjakarta) 287 Amangkubuwana IV (Sultan of Jojakarta) 291 Amangkurat I (King of Majapahit) 264, 276, 278 Amangkurat II (Susuhunan) 264, 278-280 Amangkurat IV (Susuhunan of Mataram) 280 Amanullah (Amir of Afghanistan) 39f., 186-189 Ambonese (people) 275, 314 Americans 30, 45, 46, 82, 94, 100-102, 110, 112, 115f., 118, 129, 191, 203 f., 232, 313f, 323, 329 U.S.A. (Also index of terms) Amin us-Sultan, title of - Ali Asghar Khan, Mirza Amini, ''Ali (Persian Prime Minister) 112, 124-126 Amir-i Kabir (Taqi Khan,Mirza) (Persian chief minister) 71, 97 Angkrok - Ken Arok Anglo-Indian 65 Anusapati (King of Tumapel-Singhasari) 242 Aras, Tevfik Rüstü Turkish Foreign Minister) 43 Arab, Arabs 21. 24, 110, 143, 227, 250, 255, 259 Armenians, Armenian (people) 19, 27f., 36, 80f., 147 Arsanjani, Hasan (Persian Minister of Agriculture) 124-128 Aria Pangiri (ruler in Java) 261, 263 Aria Penangsang (regent of Jipang) 261 Arifin (Sultan of Bantam) 283 As'ad, Hatiz (Syrian President) 206 Atabeg-i A'zam, title of "Ali Asghar Khan, Mirza 75, 76, 79f.


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Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal) 24, 26-44, 47, 50, 54f. Atay, Falih Rifki 41 Atjehnese (people) 275, 289 also - register of terms. Auckland, Lord (Governor-General of India) 177 Australian 313f. also - index of terms Austrians 3, 9, 17, 18, 20, 21, 71, 86 Avam Wuruk (King of Majapahit) 245f. Aybar, All Mehmet (Turkish politician) 58 Aydemir, Tal ât (Turkish colonel) 56f. Aymaq (Afghan tribe) 172 Ayn ud-Dawla (Persian Prime Minister) 76 Ayub Khan (leader of Pakistan) 182f. Azarbayjanis (people) 80, 133 Azud ul-Mulk (regent of Persia) 82 Azzan ibn Qays 221 B Baba Khan (nickname of Agha Muhammad) 66 Babullah (Sultan of Ternate) 268 Bachcha-i Saqao (usurper in Afghanistan) 188 Badr (Imam of Yaman) 212-215 Baha'ullah (founder of Baha'ism) 64 Bakhtiari (tribe) 81 Balaputra (King of Crivijaya) 239 Balaputradeva (King of Suvarnadvipa) 251 Balinese 261, 267, 280 Balitung - Rakai Waturuka Balkan Slavs 19


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Baluch 172 Baqa'i, Muzaffar (leader of Toilers' party) 108f. Baqir Khan 81 Barakzay(s) (Afghan tribe) 175-177 Barros - De Barros Bashkirs (people) 152 Bastian, A. (German Ethnologist) 299 Bayar, Celâl (Turkish Prime Minister) 47f., 50, 52 Bayur, Hikmet (Turkish minister) 47 Bazargan, Mahdi (Persian politician) 123, 129 Belgian - register of terms Belgrave, Sir Charles 229 Benckendorff, Alexander, Count (Russian ambassador in London) 79 Bengali 259 Berg (Dutch scholar) 243, 245, 263 Bihbihani, Sayyid "Abdullah (Persian politician) 78 Bihrangi, S. (Persian Writer) 138 Bilgiç, Saadettin (Turkish minister) 58 Bolukbasi, Osman (Turkish political leader) 55, 57 Bosch, F. K. D. (Scholar) 247 Both, Pieter (Governor (General) 272 Brackmann, A. C. (Scholar) 332 Brahui Khan (potentate of Kalat) 65 Brahui (people) 172 Brawijaya (name of Krtarajasa in folklore) 245, 263 British 4-6, 10, 14f., 16-18, 23f., 27f., 30-36, 39, 43-46, 52, 62, 65, 67-70, 72-77, 79-89, 94-99, 105, 106, 109, 112, 114f., 119f., Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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137, 155, 177-183, 186-188, 191, 200, 202, 206, 210-232, 284-290, 313f., 319f. also - index of terms Brook, James (Raja of Sarawak) 295 Buginese (people) 277, 283 Bulganin (Soviet premier) 191 Bulgars 20 Burnes, Alexander (British envoy) 178 Burujirdi, Ayatullah Sayyid Husayn (theologian) 108, 122 Buyir Ahmadi (tribe) 128 Brydges, Sir Harford Jones (British envoy) 68 C Çailendra (state in Java) 239, 251 Çailendra dynasty 238, 250 Çakmak, Ferzi (Turkish general) 47 Catharine the Great (of Russia) 2, 66 Cavagnari, Louis, Major (later Sir) (British envoy) 180f. Cavendish, Thomas (British privateer) 269f. Cevdet (Turkish Historian) 4 Cevdet, Sunay (President of Turkey) 58 Charkhi, Ghulam Nabi (Afghan diplomatist) 189 Chelmsford, Lord (Viceroy of India) 186 Chicherin, Georgii (Soviet Foreign Minister) 88 Chiang Kai-shek (President of China) 168 Chinese 169, 212, 237, 253, 265, 269, 281, 291, 300, 302, 309, 332 also - index of terms Choqai, Mustafalim Central Council) 154 Christison (Allied Commander in Indonesia) 319


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Churchill, Sir Winston (British Prime Minister) 99, 109 Cihangiroglu, Ibrahim (Turkish General) 29 Circassian(s) (people) 33 Clark-Kerr, Sir Archibald (British diplomatist) 320 Claudius Ptolemaeus (geographer) 237 Coedès (French Scholar) 250 Coen, Jan Pieterszoon (Governor General) 273f., 276 Constantine (King of Greece) 33 Cossack (tribe) 148 Cox, Sir Percy (British official) 87 Cri Baduga Maharaja) 250 Cri Icanatunggavijaya (queen in Java) 240 Cri Jayabhupatri (King of Sunda) Cri Maharaja Rake Halu Cri Lokecvara Dharmmavangca Erlangga Anantawikramot - tunnggadewa (ritual name of Erlangga) 240 Crimean Tatars 2 Curzon, Lord (British Foreign Secretary) 31, 35 Cyrus (founder of Ancient Persian Kingdom) 134 D Daendels, Herman Willem (Governor General) 285-288 Damad Ferid Pasa (Turkish vezir) 28f., 31 Darakhshish, Muhammad (founder of Teachers' syndicate) 124 Dara Petak - Indrecwari D'Arcy, William Knox (industrialist) 83 De Barros (Portuguese author) 255, 259 De Casparis, J. G. 238 de Kock, H. M. (General) 292 Demirel, Süleyman (Turkish Prime Minister) 58f. Denikin, Anton (Russian general) 87 Dharanindra ruler) 239 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_343.html (2 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:14

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Dharmmavangça (King of Java) 240 Dihqan, Muhammad) 10419 Dipanegara (Prince of Jogjakarta) 287 Djarot (ruler of Jogjakarta) 287 Domantovich (Russian colonel) 75 Dorn, Bernhard (German scholar) 171 Dost, Muhammad (Afghan Amir) 69f., 176-179, 183 Douwes Dekker, Dr. E. F. E. (Dutch writer) 293, 305 - Multatuli Drake, Francis (explorer) 269f. Drewes (Dutch scholar) 257 Dukchi Ishan (rebel in Turkestan) 147 Dungan(s) (people) 168 Dunsterville, L. C. (Major General) 86 Durand, Sir Mortimer (British Colonial officer) 182 Durrani(s) (Afghan tribe) 171-178, 183, 189 Durrani - Ahmad Shah D. Durrizade, Abdullah (Seyhulislam) 31 Dutch 62, 112, 263f., 266, 269f., 273f., 296, 302 also - index of terms E Earl, G. W. (British Ethnologist) 299 East-Slavs 148f., 161, 164f. Edib, Halide (Turkish author) 3 Edward VII (British King) 20 Edward VIII (British King) 44 Egyptians 206, 212, 214 Eisenhower, Dwight D. (President of the USA) 53, 109, 120 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation


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Elizabeth I, Queen 120, 124, 270 English 23, 83, 265, 269, 270, 272-274, 277, 279, 295 also - index of terms Enver Pasa (Turkish general) 20, 23, 155f. Erkin, Feridun (Turkish Foreign Minister) 57 Erekle - Heraclius II Erlangga (King of Java) 240f., 250 Erutjakra ("The Javanese Messiah") 292 Eurasian(s) 295, 309; - index of terms European - index of terms Europeans in Indonesia 227, 249, 253, 258, 281, 285, 291, 294-296, 300 F Fahd (ibn abd al-aziz) (Minister of the Interior in Sa'udi Arabia) 204, 209 Fa-hien (Chinese historian) 249 Faletehan (Falatehan) (soldier) 261 Fath ali Khan (chief of the Qajars) 64 Fath ali Shah (Qajar ruler) 66-70, 97, 176 Fath Khan (leader of Afghan opposition) 175f. Fatima (regent of Bantam) 283 Fatima bint Maymun (tombstone of) 256 Fatimi, Husayn (Persian Foreign Minister) 111 Faysal (prince, later king of Sa'udi Arabia 201, 204, 205-207, 209, 210, 213f. Faysal (ibn Turki) (Imam of Oman) 221 Ferdinand (King of Bulgaria) 20f. Fevzi Pasa (Çakmak) (Turkish War Minister) 33 Fethi (Okyar) (Turkish Prime Minister) 40


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Field (British Admiral) 39f. Firuz ud-Din (Governor of Harat) 176 Francis I (French king) 1 Francis, Austrian emperor 21 French 1, 4f., 10f., 14f., 16, 24, 28-34, 62, 67f., 71, 269, 284-286 also - index of terms Foreign Orientals (= Europeans) 294, 309 Furughi, Muhammad 'Ali (Persian Prime Minister) 98 G Galvao, Antonio (Portuguese commander) 268 Gardane (French General) 68 Gayatri (Princess of Campa) 245 Gajah Mada (Regent of Majapahit) 245-247 Gajayana (King in East Java) 240 George XII, King of Georgia 66 Georges-Picot (French diplomatist) 30 Germans 23f., 45, 52, 84f., 86, 98, 162, 186, 191, 311 Ghalib ibn ali (Imam of Oman) 222 Ghalzay(s) (Afghan tribe) 173, 178, 183 Ghaznavids, dynasty 174 Ghurids, dynasty 174 Girindrawardhana(s), dynasty in Majapahit) 248 Gökalp, Ziya (Turkish author) 40f., 49 Gonda, J., (Dutch scholar) 257 Graaf, De 259, 261f. Greeks 8f., 19f., 28, 33f., 52, 57, 237 Gregorius V (Orthodox patriarch) 9 Grey, Sir Edward (British Foreign Secretary) 79 Gromyko, Andrei (Soviet Foreign Minister) 57


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Gumuspala, Ragip (Turkish politician) 55, 57f. Günaltay, Semseddin (Turkish Prime Minister) 48 Güran (Turkish major) 57 Gursel, Cemal (General; Turkish President) 53f., 56, 59 Gujarati (people) 255, 259 H Habibullah (Amir of Afghanistan) 185f., 188 Hadji, Sultan (= - Abdul Kahar/Qahir) Hadji Samanhudi (Indonesian politician) 302 Hairun, (Sultan of Ternate) 268 Hajji Ibrahim- Ibrahim, Hajji Hajji Mirza Aghasi (Persian vazir) 70 Hamad ibn "Isa (Shaykh of Bahrayn) 229 Hamdja (Sultan of Ternate) 275, 277 Hamengkubuwono IX (Sultan of Jogjakarta) 328 Hamid al-Din (family of the Yamani Imam) 215 Harbord (American general) 30 Hardinge, Sir Charles (British Under-Secretary) 79 Harington, Sir Charles (British general) 32 Hasan al-Amri (Yamani Prime Minister) 215 Hasan Shirazi, Hajj Mirza (Shi'ite dignatary) 73 Hasanuddin (ruler of Banten) 262 Hatta (Indonesian Prime Minister) 309, 314-317, 319, 324-326, 328f. Haydar Khan (Persian communist) 87 Hazara (tribe in Afghanistan) 172, 183 Hazhir, Abd ul-Husayn (Persian Prime Minister) 10419 Hellenes - Greek Heraclius (Erekle) II, (King of Georgia) 65f. Heuss, Theodor (German President) 52 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_344.html (3 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:15

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Hilmi (Turkish officer) 20 Himyaritic (tribe) - register of terms Hindu Colonies 237 Hindu-Javanese 262 Hittites (people) 41 Humayun (rival for the throne in Afghanistan) 175 Husayn Ali, Mirza - Baha'ullah Husayn Ali Shah (Iman) 70 Husayn ibn Ali (Iman) 110, 129 Husayn (Sharif at Mecca) 24, 200 Huvayda Amir Abbas (Persian Prime Minister) 130, 132 I Ibn Battuta (traveller) 254 Ibn Sa'ud (-Abd al-aziz) (of Sa'udi Arabia) 199-204, 210, 232 Ibrahim, Hajji (vazir) 65f. Ibrahim (Pasa) (Khedive of Egypt) 10f. Ibtihaj, Abul-Hasan (plan director) 121 Idrisi(s) (Emir of Asir) 210 Ihsanullah Khan (Gilani communist) 87 Imami, Jafar Sharif (Persian Prime Minister) 123f. Indians 227, 236, 248, 265 Indo-Arabs 309 Indonesian also - index of terms Indonesians 260, 291, 293-298, 300-302, 305f., 310f., 313-317, 320, 322-324, 329 Indrecwari (Queen mother) (= Dara Petak) 245 Inonu, Ismet (Ismet Pasa)(Turkish President) 32-48, 53f., 57f. Iqbal, Manuchihr, Dr. (Persian Prime Minister) 116, 119-123


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Iranian - register of terms Iranians 65, 75, 160, 164, 196, 223, 227, 254f., 259 Isa (Shaykh of Bahrayn) 229 Isa ibn Salih (leader of the tribes of Oman) 221 Isa ibn Salman (Shaykh of Bahrayn) 230 Isfandiyar Khan, (Amir of Khiva) 151, 156 Ishaq Khan (Afghan governor in Turkestan) 183 Iskandar Muda (Sultan of Atjeh) 258, 266, 274 Iskandar, T. 257 Iskandar Sjah (of Malacca) 255 Ismet Pasa - Inonu, Ismet Italian - register of terms Italians 28, 34, 210 I'timadi, Nur Ahmad (Afghan Prime Minister) 194 I-tsing (Chinese source) 237, 252 Ivan III (tsar) 1 Izvol'skii, Alexander (Russian Foreign Minister) 79 J Jabir al- Ahmad (Shaykh of Kuwayt) 232 Jabir ibn Mubarak (Shaykh of Kuwayt) 231 -Jaifi Hamud (Yamani Prime Minister) 213 Jaji(Afghan tribe) 189 Jamal ad-Din Asadabadi, Sayyid - Afghani Japanese 299, 308, 312f., 316-320 also - index of terms Jasim (Shaykh of Qatar) 227 Javanese 239, 242, 245, 247f., 251-256, 260-262, 265f., 268f., 280, 287, 292f., 297, 301, 315f., 318f. also - index of terms Jayanagara (King of Majapahit) 245


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Jayakatwang (Governor of Kadiri) 243f. Jews, Jewish 145, 147 Jones, Sir Harford - Brydges K Kadiri dynasty 241 Kamecvara I, King in Java 241 Kamil Pasa (Turkish Grand vezir) 20f. Kamran (Afghan prince) 176 Kara George (Serbian prince) 5 Karakhan, Leon/Lev (Soviet Minister) 39f., 88 Karatheodory Pasa Alexander (Ottoman plenipotentiary) 18 Karim Khan Zand (Persian ruler) 62, 64 Kartosuwiryo (political leader in Indonesia) 323-325 Kashani, Ayatullah Abul-Qasim (leader of the Mujahidin) 108f. Kasravi, Sayyid Ahmad (Persian historian) 104 Kaufmann, Konstantin Petrovich (Russian general) 144, 180 Kavtavadze, Sergei Ivanovich (Soviet Minister) 101 Kazakh - register of terms Kazakhs (people) 145, 148, 153-155, 159, 164-165, 169 Kazim Karabekir Pasa (Turkish general) 32 Kelings i.e. Tamils 256 Ken Arok (= Angkrok) (adventurer) 242 Ken Dedes (wife of Ken Arok) 242 Kennedy, John F. (American President) 126 Kennedy, R. (American writer) 299 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Khalid (ibn Abd al-Aziz (King of Sa'udi Arabia) 204, 209 Khalid (Shaykh of Sharja) 225 Khalifa ibn Hamad Al Thani Shaykh of Qatar) 228 Khiyabani, Shaykh Muhammad (rebel) 89f. Khojaev Fayzullah (Prime Minister in Özbekistan) 162 Khrushchëv, Nikita S. (Soviet Prime Minister) 191 Khumayni (Khomayni), Ayatullah Ruhullah (Persian religious leader) 129, 135 Ki Hadjar Dewantoro (quadrumvir) 315 Kirana (Princess of Janggala) 241 Kirghiz (people) 145, 148, 157, 160, 172 also - index of terms Kléber, Jean Baptiste (French general) 4 Koets, P. J. (chairman of cabinet) 321 Koiso (Japanese Prime Minister) 316 Krtajaya King of Java) 241f. Krtanagara (King of Singhasari) 242-245, 250, 252 Krtarajasa Jayawardhana (King of Majapahit) 244f., 252 Krtawijaya (King of Majapahit) 257 Kubilai (Qubilay) Khan (Mongol and Chinese Emperor) 242 Kuhandil Khan (Afghan Governor) 176 Kuchik Khan, Mirza (Islamic rebel in Gilan 86f. Kurds (people) 19, 24, 38, 68, 75, 102 Kurdish also - index of terms Kuropátkin, A. N. (Russian general) 153 Kuwaytis (natives of K.) 233 Kyai Ahmad Dahlan (Muslim reformer) 304 Kyai Gede Pamanahan (Sultan of Mataram) 263


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Kyai Hadji Mas Mansur (quadrumvir) 315 Kyai Tapa (leader in Bantam) 283 L Lahuti, Abu'l-Qasim (rebel at Tabriz 90 Lancaster, James (British privateer) 269 Lenin, V. I (leader of Bolshevism) 31f. Liman von Sanders, Otto (German general) 23 Litvinoff, Maxim (Soviet Foreign Minister) 42 Lloyd George, David (British Prime Minister) 27, 32, 34 Lodi (dynasty) 174 Lokapala (consort of Cri Icanatunggavijaya) 240 Louis (Bonaparte), King of Holland 285 Lutf 'Ali Khan (Persian ruler) 65 Lyakhov (Russian colonel) 81 Lynch Brothers (British firm) 72 Lytton, Lord (Viceroy of India) 180 M Macnaghten, Sir William (British envoy) 178 Madurese (people) 281, 301 Mahesa Campaka (King of Kadiri) 242 Mahmud (son of Timur, Afghan prince) 175f. Mahmud II (Ottoman Sultan) 6f., 9-12 Mahmud, Sultan (ruler of Malacca) 266 Mahmud Sevket Pasa (Turkish grand vezir) 23 Mahmud Sjah (Sultan of Malacca) 255 Mahmud Tarzi (Afghan editor) 185, 187 Ma-Huan (Chinese historian) 256, 259 Majid (ibn Sadid) (of Oman) 221 Makarios III (Archbishop of Cyprus) 57


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Makassarese (people) 265, 268, 274, 277, 278 Makutavangça (son of Lokapala) 240 Malay (people) 256 Malcolm, Sir John (Scottish envoy) 67 -Malik as-Salih (ruler in Sumatra) 254 -Malik az-Zahir (or Tahir) (ruler in Sumatra) 254 Malik Ibrahim (merchant) 257 Malkorn Khan, Mirza (Persian writer) 73 Malleson, Sir Wilfrid (British general) 87 Manchu dynasty (in China) 168 Mangal (Afghan tribe) 188f. Mangkubumi (later Amangkubuwana) 282 Mangkunegara II (ruler in Java) 283 Mansur, Ali (Persian Prime Minister) 98 Mansur, Hasan Ali (Persian Prime Minister) 130, 131 Mansur Sjah (Sultan of Malacca and Johore) 255 Mansur, Sultan (Sultan of Atjeh) 258 Maratha (people in India) 173 Marco Polo (traveller) 252, 254 Martapura (Sultan of Mataram) 263 Mas Said (Javanese prince) 282 Mauliwarmadewa (King of Malayu) 252 Maurice (Dutch prince) 271f. Mehmed (Muhammad) Ali (Governor of Egypt) 5-11 Mehmed VI (Turkish Sultan) 27, 35 Menderes, Adnan (Turkish Prime Minister) 48-49, 51, 53-55 Metternich, Clemens, Prince of (Austrian Chancellor) 9 Midhat Pasa (Turkish vezir) 17f. Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation


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Millspaugh, Arthur Chester (American adviser) 94, 101 Minto, Lord (Governor General of India) 286 Moen (Dutch scholar) 243 Moghol (dynasty) 174 Molsbergen, Godee (Dutch historian) 259 Moltke, Helmuth, Count of (Prussian field-marshal) 11 Molotov, Vyatcheslav (Soviet Prime Minister) 99 Mongol (people) 168, 242f. Moquette (scholar) 254, 256 Morusi (Hospodar of Moldavia) 6 Mpu Bharada (Buddhist priest) 241 Mubarak (Shaykh of Kuwayt) 199, 231 Mughayat, Ali (Sultan of Atjeh) 258, 266 Muhammad (Shaykh of Bahrayn) 229 Muhammad (Afghan prince) 175 Muhammad (of the Rashid family) 199 Muhammad Abduh (Muslim theologian) 74 Muhammad Afzal (Afghan prince) 179f. Muhammad Ahmad Nu man (Yamani Prime Minister) 214f. Muhammad Akbar Khan (Afghan prince) 17810 Muhammad Ali Haytham (Prime Minister of South Yaman) 219 Muhammad Ali (Persian Shah) 78, 80-82 Muhammad Amin II (Amir of Khiva) 151 Muhammad A zam (Afghan prince) 179f. Muhammad A zam (ruler in Kabul) 176 Muhammad A zim (Afghan prince) 189 Muhammad Da'ud (Afghan Premier and President) 191f., 195


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Muhammad Hashim (Afghan prince) 190 Muhammad Husayn Khan (Qajar prince) 64 Muhammad ibn Husayn (Yamani royalist leader) 215 Muhammad ibn Thani (Shaykh of Qatar) 227 Muhammad ibn Yahya (Imam of the Zaydites) 209 Muhammad al-Idris (Amir of Asir) 210 Muhammad Isfahani , Sayyid Aqa (leading alim) 63 Muhammad Khan Sayyid (ruler of Harat) 176 Muhammad Maiwandwal (Afghan Prime Minister) 194 Muhammad MusaShafiq (Afghan Prime Minister) 194 Muhammad, Riza Shah Pahlavi 69f., 99, 104, 106f., 109, 114, 127, 132 Muhammad Sjah (Sultan of Malacca) 255 Muhammad Taqi (leader of Mashhad) 90 Muhammad Yusuf (ruler of Harat) 1769, 17914 Muhammad Yusuf (Afghan Prime Minister) 192, 194 Muhammad Zahir (King of Afghanistan) 190 Muhammadzay (Afghan clan) 175, 176 Muhsin al- Ayni (Prime Minister of Yaman) 215f. Mulavarman (King in Borneo) 237 Multatuli (pen name of E. Douwes Dekker) 293 Munthe, Axel (author) 299 Murad V (Sultan) 17 Musaddiq, Muhammad (Persian Prime Minister) 101, 105, 106-111, 114f., 123 Mushavir ul-Mamalik Ansari (Persian Foreign Minister) 88 Mustafa III (Sultan) 3 Mustafa IV (Sultan) 6 Mustafa Bayrakdar (Turkish Governor) 6f. Mustafa Kemal - Ataturk Mutayr (tribe) 201


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Muzaffar Sjah (Sultan of Malacca) 255 Muzaffar ud-Din (Persian Shah) 75-78, 106, 150 N Nadir Khan (King of Afghanistan) 187, 189 Nadir Shah 64f., 97, 173, 175 Na'ib us-Saltana -Abbaas Mirza Nambi (leader of a rebellion) 245 Napoleon (Emperor) 4, 7, 13f., 67, 288 Nasir (President of Egypt) - Abd al- Nasir Nasir Khan (Governor of Nadir) 173 Nasir ud-Din (Shah) 62, 70-72, 74f. Nasir ul-Mulk (Persian Prime Minister) 80, 82 Nasrullah (Afghan prince) 186 Nasrullah Khan Mushir ad-Dawla, Mirza (Persian Prime Minister) 77, 79 Nasution (Indonesian general) 330f. Natakusuma, Pakualam (Javanese prince) 287 Netherlanders 265, 269, 270, 272-275, 278-281, 284f., 287-289, 291, 294-297, 305f., 310, 312-314, 318-324, 326f. Nicholas I (Tsar) 10f., 13f. Nicholas II (Tsar) 20, 201 Nicholson, Sir Arthur (British ambassador) 79 Niedermeyer, Oskar von (German officer) 162 Niyaz Hajji (Khoja leader in Kashgar) 168 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Nizam -Saltana (Persian Prime Minister) 81, 85 Nuristani (tribe) 172 O Okyar (- Ali Fethi Bey) (Turkish Prime Minister) 34 Omani (people) 221, 227 Onar, Siddik Sami (constitutional lawyer of Constantinople), 54 Ottoman dynasty, 90 Ottomans 1-59 passim, 65 Özbek, Özbeks 145, 151, 159, 172f., 179 P Padri (movement) 290 Pahlavi (dynasty) 91 Pakistani (people) 227 Pakubuwana I (King of Mataran) 280 Pakubuwana II (King of Mataran) 281 Pakubuwana III (Susuhanan) 282 Pakubuwana IV (Susuhanan) 282, 287 Pallava (South Indian people) 249 Palestinians 115, 134 Pancapana (King of Mataram) 238 Panembahan Krapjak (King of Mataram) 263 Pangeran Tjakraningrat (of Madura) 281 Pangeran Achmat (leader in Bantam) 287 Pangeran Adipati Mangkunegara (Title of - Mas Said) 282 Pangeran Dipanegara (Javanese leader) 291 Pangeran Gusti (Sultan of Bantam) 283


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Pangeran Puger (King of Mataram) 280 - Pakubuwana I Papuo-Melanesians 326 Paramisora (= Parameswara) (King of Malacca) 254f. Pati Unus, Unus (ruler) Sultan of Dmak 261 Pashtun (people) 172, 174, 182, 189, 192, 195 Paul I (Tsar) 5 Payanda Khan (Afghan leader) 175f. Pediri (= pilgrim) 290 Peter the Great (Tsar) 1 Philip (Prince of Great Britain) 124 Pigeaud (scholar) 247 Pilavoglu, Seyh Kemal (Ticani Seyh) 50 Pires, Tomé (historian) 247, 259 Pishavari , Ja far (Communist leader) 87, 101f. Popalzay (clan) 173 Portuguese 62, 97, 248, 253, 255-258, 260-262, 264-269, 271-277 Potëmkin, G. Ye. (Russian general) 44 Pramodvardhani (daughter of Samaratungga) 239 Prapañca (author) 246 Prawata (Sultan of Demak) 261f. princess of Campa (grave of) 257 Prussians 11, 14 Purnavarman (King of Sunda) 249 Q Qabus (Sultan of Oman) 223f. Qahtan al-Sha bi(President of S. Yaman) 218f. Qajar(s) (Persian dynasty) 62-66, 69f., 76, 82, 91, 94, 96, 176 Qara Kirghiz (people) 159


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Qara Qalpaq (people) 145, 159 Qashqai (tribe) 111, 126, 128 Qavam us-Saltana, Ahmad (Persian Prime Minister) 90, 102f., 108f. Qazi Muhammad (Kurdish leader) 102 Qizilbash (tribes) 64, 175, 176 Queens of Atjeh 259, 275 R Raden Ajeng Kartini (Javanese feminist) 301 Raden Patah (vassal of Majapahit) 261 Raffles, Thomas Stamford (Lieutenant Governor of Java) 286-289, 292 Raja Ahmad - Iskandar Sjah 255 Rajasa (king of Tumapel-Singhasari) 242 Rajasanagara (King of Majapahit) 246f., 250 Rajendra (King of Colamandala) 251 Rakai Garung (= Rakai Patapan ) (Javanese ruler) 239 Rakai Kayuwangi (Javanese ruler) 239 Rakai Panangkaran (Javanese ruler) 238 Rakai Panunggalan (Javanese ruler) 239 Rakai Pikatan (Javanese ruler) 239 Rakai Warak (Javanese ruler) 239 Rakai Watukura (= Balitung) (King of Mataram) 239f. Rangga Lawe (Javanese dignitary) 245 Rashid (Shaikh of Dubai) 226 Rashid (house of), Rashidi ruler 199f. Ratu Adil (title of the "Just Prince") 292 Ratu Kali Nyamat (princess) 261 Rauf (Orbay), Hüseyin (Sultan's delegate) 27 Ravaisse (scholar) 256 Rawlinson (Colonel) 31


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Razmara , Ali (Persian Prime Minister) 104-107, 115 Refet Pasa (Bele) (Turkish High Commissioner) 35 Resid Pasa (grand vezir) 12-14 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Reuter, Julius, Baron de (British financier) 72 Riahi, Taqi General (Persian general) 111 Rifat, Mehmed (Mufti) 31 Riza Khan, Riza Shah (Pahlavi) 42, 89-96, 98-101 Roosevelt, Franklin D. (President of the USA) 45, 99, 203 Rum, Mohammad (Indonesian minister) 324 Russian, Russians 1-11, 13-15, 17-20, 24, 28, 32f., 43f., 45f., 62, 66-68, 70-79, 83-88, 98-104, 108, 115, 126, 143-169, 180-182, 186, 202, 212 S Sabah al-Salim al-Sabah (Shaykh of Kuwayt) 232 Sabrang Lor (pangeran) 261 Sadak, Necmeddin (Turkish minister) 48 -Sadat, Anwar (Egyptian President) 206 Sadozay (tribe) 173, 175f., 179 Safavi, Navab (Fada'i yan leader) 115 Safavid (dynasty) 63f. Sa id (ibn Taymur) (Sultan of Oman) 221, 223 Salih, Allahyar (Persian politician) 124 Salih Pasa (Turkish official) 30 Salim Ruba i Ali (President of S. Yaman) 219 -Sallal - Abd Allah al-Sallal (Yamani politician) 213f. Salman ibn Hamad (Shaykh of Bahrayn) 230 Salim ibn Mubarak (Shaykh of Kuwait) 231 Samaratungga (ruler in Java) 239, 251 Sami, Bekir (Turkish emissary in London) 33 Sañjaya (King in Java) 238 Sañjayas (dynasty) 238 Sannaha (mother of Sañjaya) 238 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_349.html (1 of 3)07.01.2011 03:46:19

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Saqr (Shaykh of Sharja) 225 Saracoglu, Sükrü (Turkish minister) 44 Sart (people) 145 Sattar Khan (defender of Tabriz) 81 Sayyid Abdullah (Amir of Khiva) 156 Sazonov, S. D. (Russian Foreign Minister) 83 Sa ud (house of) 199 Sa ud IV, ibn Abd al- Aziz (King of Sa udi Arabia) 204f. Sa udi Arabs 208f. Schermerhorn, W. (Dutch Prime Minister) 320 Schrieke (Dutch scholar) 257 Selim III (Sultan) 3, 6f., 9, 12 Senapati (King of Mataram) 263 (- Sutawijaya) Sepuh (Sultan of Jogjakarta) 282, 286f., 291 Serbs 5-7, 16, 20 Shah Abd ul- Azim (shrine of) 76 Shah Mahmud (Afghan prince) 190f. Shahrukh (Timurid ruler) 65, 173f. Shah Shuja (Afghan Amir) 175-178 Shah Wali Khan (Afghan prince) 190 Shaka (calendar) 256f. Shakhbut (Shaykh of Abu Dhabi) 225f. -Shami, Ahmad Muhammad (member of the Republican Council in Yaman) 215 Sharii ati, Ali(religious leader in Persia) 134f. Shaybanid (dynasty) 143 Shaykh Khaz al (Arab chief in Khuzistan) 91 Sheng Shih-tsai (Chinese governor in East Turkistan) 168 Shinwari (tribe) 188 Shir Ali (Amir of Afghanistan) 179f., 183 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_349.html (2 of 3)07.01.2011 03:46:19

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Shir Muhammad (Afghan chief) 175f. Shu a us-Saltana (Qajar prince) 83 Shuster, William Morgan (American advicer) 82-85 Siamese 255 Sibori ("Sultan Amsterdam") (ruler of Ternate) 279 Sikhs (people) 173f., 176f. Sima (Queen of Kalingga) 238 Sindok (ruler of East Java) 240, 249 Singh, Ranjit (Sikh leader) 176f. Sistani (people of Sistan) 65 Sjahrir (Sjahrazad) S. (Indonesian minister and author) 299f., 312, 314, 317, 319 Sjafruddin Prawironegoro (Indonesian minister) 324 Sjarifuddin (Indonesian politician) 314 Sneevliet, H. (politician) 303 Snouck Hurgronje, C. (Dutch orientalist) 296 Spaniards, Spanish 265, 267-270, 272f., 278 also - index of terms Spring-Rice, Sir Cecil (British minister in Tehran) 79 Stalin, Y. V. 51, 99 Stutterheim (scholar) 247, 250, 253 Subh-i Azal (Babi leader) 64 Sudanese 246, 301f., 321 Suharto (Indonesian President) 329, 331-333 Sukarno, A. (Indonesian President) 307f., 314-319, 324-333 Sukarni (Api member) 317 Süleyman I (Sultan) 1 Sulayman (Afghan prince) 174f. Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Sulayman (Arab merchant) 250 Sultan Muhammad Khan (Governor of Peshawar) 176f. Sumatrans 245 Sumerians 41 Sunan Giri (wali) 262 Sunan Gunung Djati (wali) 262 Sunan Mas (prince of Mataram) 280 Sunay, Cevdet (Turkish President) 59 Supratman, Wage Rudolf (author of the Indonesian anthem) 307 Surapati (adventurer) 279f. Sutardjo (member of the Volksraad) 298 Sutawijaya (King of Mataram) 263 Sutomo, R. (Javanese physician) 306 Swedish officers 85 Sykes, Sir Percy (General and author) 85f. Syrians 206 T Tabataba'i, Sayyid Muhammad (Persian politician) 78 Tabataba'i Ayatullah Sayyid Muhsin Hakim (theologian) 135 Tabataba'i Sayyid Ziya'ud-Din (Persian Prime Minister) 89, 100 Tahmasbi, Khalil (terrorist) 115 Tajik (people) 145, 161, 164, 166, 172, 188 Talib ibn Ali ( Imam of Oman) 222 Taqi Khan, Mirza (Amir-i Kabir) (Persian chief minister) 71 Taqizada, Sayyid Hasan (Persian politician) 78 Tara (princess) 239, 251 Tarhan, All Ranâ (Turkish minister) 47


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Taruna Jaya (rebel leader) 264, 278 Tatar (people) 143, 153 Taymur (Sultan of Oman) 221 Terauchi, Count (Japanese general) 316 Teuku Uma(r) (Atjehnese warrior) 296 Tevfik Pasa (Turkish minister) 32f. Thamrin (Indonesian politician) 310 Thuwayni (ibn Sa id) (ruler of Masqat) 221 Tibetans 169 Timorese 284 Timur, Timur Shah (Amir of Afghanistan) 174f., 179 Timurid (dynasty) 143 Timurtash Abd ul-Husayn, Sardar Mu az zam (Persian minister) 91 Tito (president of Yugoslavia) 52 Tjakraningrat (Pangeran) 281 Tohjaya (son of Rajasa) 242 Tojo (Japanese Prime Minister) 316 Totleben, Count F. E. (Russian general) 15 Trenggana, Sultan (Sultan of Demak) 261, 263 Tribhuwanottungadewi Jayavisnuwardhani(Queen of Majapahit) 245, 252 Troelstra (Dutch socialist) 298 Trotskii, Leo (Soviet politician) 86 Truman, H. (President of the USA) 46, 108f. Türkes , Alp Arslan (Turkish politician) 58 Tunggul Ametung (regent) 242 Turki (ibn Sa id) (Sultan of Oman) 221 Turkish 86, 147, 161 Turkmans - Türkmens (people) Türkmens 71, 155, 160, 165, 172f.


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Turkomans - Türkmens Turks 1-59 passim, 75, 160, 164, 172, 209f.. 217, 231 U Udayana (Governor of Bali) 240 Ukrainian (people) 148, 159, 161, 164, 166 Unus (i.e. Yunus) (Sultan of Demak) 260 - Pati Unus Ürgüplü, Suat Hayri (Turkish Prime Minister) 58 Utayba (tribe) 201 V van den Bosch, J. (Dutch Governor General) 292 van Deventer, C. Th. (newspaperman) 297 van der Lijn, Cornelis (Dutch governor) 276 van Diemen, Antonio (Dutch governor) 275-277 van Hoëvell, W. R. (Dutch politician) 293 van Imhoff, G. W. (Governor General) 282 van Kleffens (Dutch minister) 311 van Limburg-Stirum, Count J. P. (Governor General) 298 van Mook (Acting Governor General) 320f. van Roijen (Dutch minister) 324 van Ronkel, S. (Dutch scholar) 257 Venizelos, Elevtherios (Greek Prime Minister) 31f., 41 Vikramavardhana (ruler of Majapahit) 247f. Visman (chairman of a commission) 311 Visnuvardhana (Jaya) (King of Kadiri) 242 Volga Tatars 152 Voroshiloff, K. Ye. (Soviet leader) 42 Vusuqud-Dawla (Persian Prime Minister) 87 W


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Wahhabites (religious community) 5, 68 Wang Ta-yuen (Chinese historian) 245 Wazir(i) (tribe) 189 Wedijodiningrat (Indonesian politician) 316 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Welter (Dutch minister) 311 Wassmuss, Wilhelm (German Consul) 84 Wijaya (prince of Kadiri) 243f. Wilhelmina (Queen of the Netherlands) 311 William I (Dutch Prince, later King of the Netherlands) 288 Wilson, Th. W. (pres. of the USA) 27f., 30, 32 Wirabhumi (Governor of East Java) 248 Wararaja (Governor of Sumenep) 243-245 Wijaya (prince of Kadiri) 243f. Wolters, 0. W. (scholar) 236, 249-251 Y Yahya (Imam of Yaman) 202, 209-212, 217 Yahya Khel (branch of the Afghan royal house) 189 Yahya Nuri , Mirza (Babi leader - Subh-i Azal) 64 Yamani (people) 214 Yamin (Indonesian parliamentarian) 310 Yang Tseng-hin (Chinese Governor) 168 Yazid ibn Mu awiya (Omayyad Caliph) 129 Yaq ub (Amir of Afghanistan) 180 Yar Muhammad Khan (ruler of Harat) 176 9 Yeprem Khan(Armenian constitutionalist leader in Iran) 81 Ypsilanti, Alexander Prince (Greek politician) 8 Ypsilanti, Constantine (Hospodar of Wallachia) 6 Yusuf Kemal (Tengisenk) (Turkish deputy) 33 Z Zahidi, Fazlullah (Persian Prime Minister) 110f., 113, 123 Zahir Shah (King of Afghanistan) 191


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Zaman Shah (Amir of Afghanistan) 175f. Zand (dynasty in Iran) 64 Zangana, Abd al-Hamid (Persian Minister of Education) 104 Zayid ibn Khalifa Al Nahyan (Shaykh of Abu Dhabi) 225-227 Ziya' ud-Din - Tabatab a'i' Ziya Yusuf Pasa (grand vezir) 4 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Geographical Names (Including Peoples and Tribes) A Abadan (Persia) 91, 93, 103, 112 Abu Dhabi (Abu Zabi) (Arabian peninsula) 224-226 Abu Musa islands (Persian Gulf) 137, 225f. Abyssinian-Italo war, - index of terms Adana (Turkey) 53 Aden 210f., 217f., 220, 230 Adrianople (Edirne)(Turkey) 10, 15, 17, 22f., 31, 64 Adriatic (Sea) 14 Aegean Sea 17 Afghanistan 39, 69f., 79, 84, 88, 97, 123, 144, 150f., 156, 166f. Africa 206 Afyonkarahisar (Turkey) 34 Ahwaz (Persia) 69 Ajman (Arabian peninsula) 224-226 Akka (Palestine) 64 Akmolinsk (Siberia) 145, 148, 153, 165 Albania 8, 17, 22 Alburz (mountains) 91, 96 Aleppo (Syria) 34 Alexandretta (Turkey) 43 Alexandria (Egypt) 11 Alexandropol (Caucasia) - Gümrü Algiers 14 Algeria 10, 11, 207


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al-Hasa (al-Ahsa) 200 Alma Ata (Vernyi) (Central Asia) 159, 163f. Altai (mountains) 145 Amasya (Turkey) 30 Ambon (Indonesia) 262, 265, 267-269, 271-277, 283f., 286, 325 America 30 American - index of terms Amsterdam 270, 325 Amu-Darya - Oxus Anatolia 4, 7, 10f., 27-59 Anjer (Indonesia) 285 Ankara (Turkey) 30, 32-34, 38f., 41, 48, 51-53, 56f. Arab countries 124 Arabia 8, 11, 200, 227, 252f., 256, 290 Arabian peninsula 199-201, 220, 222 Arab states 136 Aral, Lake 145, 148 Aras (river in Caucasia) 65 Ardahan (Turkey) 46 Armenia 26, 28, 32, 34, 51 Armenian - index of terms Artawiya (Sa udi Arabia) 199, 201 Artvin (Turkey) 46 Asadabad (Iran) 74 Ashkabad ( Ishqabad) (formerly Poltoratsk) (Türkmenistan) 71, 154, 160 Asia 79, 206, 258 Asia Minor 8, 14f., 18f., 27-59 Asir (Arabian Peninsula) 200, 202, 210 Astarabad (Gurgan) 64 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_352.html (2 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:21

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Astrakhan 148, 152 Athens 41 Atjeh (Indonesia) 254-278 (passim) 289, 290, 295f., 304, 325 Atlantic (Ocean) 265 At Meydani (Constantinople) 9 Australia 83, 275, 314, 323, 326 Austria 3, 17f., 20 Austria-Hungary 21 Aya Sofya (Constantinople) 38 Ayvalik (Turkey) 34 Azadistan (revolutionary name for Azarbayjan) 89 Azarbayjan 34, 63, 66-68, 73, 81, 84, 88f., 92, 101-103, 107 Azarbayjani Turks 86 B Badander (Indonesia) 245 Bagelen (Indonesia) 263 Baghdad 17, 64, 84, 119, 248 Bagh-i Shah (residence near Tehran) 81 Bahrayn (islands) 96f., 120, 202, 229f. Baku 66f., 86, 111, 124, 155 Bakulapura (Borneo) 243 B(a)lambangan (Java) 261, 265, 267, 280 Bali 236, 238, 240-246, 270, 295, 331 Balkan 11, 14 Balkan countries 46 Balkh (Bactria) 172 Balkhash (Lake) 165, 169 Baluchistan 65, 116 Banda (islands) 246, 265, 269, 271-274 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_352.html (3 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:21

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Bandaneira (island) 272, 312 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Bandar Abbas (Iran) 75, 80 Bandar Gaz (Iran) 96 Bandar Pahlavi (Enzeli) 96 Bandar Shah 96 Bandar Shapur 96 Bandjarmasin 246, 261, 281, 295 Bandung 309, 319, 326 Bangka (island) 251, 287, 321, 324 Bantam 260, 265, 267, 270f., 273-279, 283, 285, 287, 289, 305 Banten 258, 261f., 264 Banyumas 262 Barkul (Lake) 169 Batak states 246 Batavia 260, 264, 273f., 276-278, 281, 283-286, 288f., 299, 309, 311, 316, 321 Batjan (island) 268, 272, 277 Batum (Caucasia) 17f., 33 Belgium 323 Belgrade 3, 10, 16 Bengal 255f. Benkulen 258, 279, 289, 308 Berlin 18f., 23 Berlin (East-B.) 111, 119, 124 Bessarabia 7, 11, 15 Besuki (Java) 285 Bima 238 Billiton (Belitung) 287, 294, 321 Bintang (island) 255, 266, 275


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Birjand (Iran) 80 Bitlis (Asia Minor) 32 Black Sea 3, 5, 14-16, 22, 46 Blitar (Java) 332 Bogor (Java) 249f. Bombay 70 Bombay Presidency 218 Bondjol (Sumatra) 290 Bone (Celebes) 295 Bongaya (Celebes) 277 Borneo 237, 241, 243, 247f., 259-261, 263-265, 267, 274, 295, 315, 321f., 329, 333 Borobudur (Java) 288 Bosnia 16, 18, 21 Bosphorus11, 14, 27 Brantas (river) (Java) 240, 244 Brazil 270 Brest-Litovsk 85 Britain, Great Britain 5f., 14, 17, 23, 28, 35f., 39, 44f., 52, 67f., 80, 98f., 109, 112, 119, 120, 137, 186, 202, 227-232, 284 also - index of terms British India 52, 69, 177 British North Borneo 246 Brunei 265 Bubat (Java) 244, 246, 250 Bucarest 3, 41 Bujnurd (Iran) 173 Bukhara 144f., 149-152, 155f., 158-160, 167, 180 Bukittinggi (Sumatra) 323 Bulgaria 7, 16-18, 21, 41, 44f., 49 Buraymi (oasis) 222 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_353.html (2 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:22

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Burma 247, 315 Bursa (Anatolia) 31 Buru (island) 275, 333 Bushihr (Bushire) (Iran) 62, 69, 75, 84f., 224 Buton (island) 277 C Cairo 212, 220, 222, 248, 305 Cambay 254, 257 Cambodia 238, 240, 247 Campa (Indochina) 242f., 245, 247, 256 Çanakkale (Turkey) 34 Candahar - Qandahar Canggu (former port) 244 Canton 298 Cape Horn 270 Cape of Good Hope 265, 270f. Capetown 281, 284, 288 Caspian Coast, lowland, provinces 72, 86, 110, 133 Caspian Sea 64, 67, 96, 144, 148, 158f. Caucasia 29, 45, 84 Celebes (Sulawesi) 237, 241, 247, 263, 267f., 277, 283, 286f., 295, 315, 321, 325 Ceram (island) 269, 274f., 277 Çesme (Anatolia) 44 Ceylon 283f. Chalus (Iran) 110 Charikar (Afghanistan) 178 Chimkent (Central Asia) 159 China 212, 216, 236f., 239, 244, 247f., 251-253, 255, 258, 276, 289, 299 Chios (island) 9 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_353.html (3 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:22

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Chu valley (Central Asia) 155 Cilicia (Çukurova; Anatolia) 11, 30, 34 Cochin-China 316 Colamandala (India) 240, 251 Constantinople - Istanbul Caucasia 111 Crete 10f., 19, 21, 23 Crimea 2f., 15 Çrivijaya (state of Sumatra) 238-240, 242, 246, 249, 251f. Curaçao 320 Cyprus 18, 23, 52, 56-58, 64 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Cyrenaica 22 Czechoslovakia 191 D Daghistan (Caucasia) 66 Daha (= Kadiri) 241 Dalat (Cochin China) 316 Danube (river) 10 Danubian principalities 15 Darband (Caucasia) 66f. Dardanelles 6, 14, 34 - Straits Deccan (India) 173 Delhi (India) 174 Deli (Sumatra) 294 Demak (Java) 260-263, 266f., 293 Den Pasar (Bali) 322 Dhahran (al-Zahran) (Arabian peninsula) 203f. Dhofar (Zufar) (Arabian peninsula) 220, 222f. Diëng plateau (Java) 238 Digul (New Guinea) 304, 309 Dinaya (near Malang) 239 Diz (dam; river) 113, 133 Djailolo (Halmahera) 268 Djambi (Sumatra) 242, 251f., 261, 263, 274, 276, 279 Dniestr (river) 3 Doha (al-Dawha) (Arabian Peninsula) 227f. Dolmabahçe (Constantinople) 38 Dodecanese (islands) 22, 32


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Doshanba (Central Asia) 160, 163f. Dubai (Dubayy) (Arabian Peninsula) 224-227 Dzungaria 167 E East Asia 266, 298 Eastern Rumelia 18, 21 Eastern Turkistan 167-169 East Germany 111, 126 East Indies 272 East Indonesia 327 East Jerusalem 206 East Prussia 67 Echmiadzin (Armenia) 67 Edirne - Adrianople Egypt 4-6, 8, 10-12, 14, 23, 115, 119, 204-206, 208, 212-214, 321 Endeh (Flores) 308 Enez (Thrace) 22 England - Britain Enzeli (Iran) 81, 86f., 96 Erivan (Armenia) 28, 67 Erkwit (Sudan) 213f. Erzurum (Anatolia) 24, 29, 31f., 51, 68 Eskisehir (Anatolia) 32 Europe 63, 67f., 73, 88, 90, 117, 124, 126, 265, 272, 284, 292-294, 298, 300, 303, 305 F Famagusta (Cyprus) 64 Farghana (valley of) 144, 146, 148, 155f., 158, 160 Fars 75, 97, 111, 128 Federal Republic of Germany 191


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Federation of Arab Emirates in the South (Federation of South Arabia) 218, 230 Ferlec (Perlak) (Malacca) 254 Finckenstein (East Prussia) 67 Firuzabad (Iran) 125 Flores (island) 308 France 1-5, 11, 14, 23, 37, 43, 45, 67, 286 Frunze (Pishpek) (Central Asia) 160 Fujayra (Arabian Peninsula) 224-226 Fu-nan (Indochina) 239, 250 G Gallipoli 24, 28 Galuh (Java) 250 Ganter (Java) 242 Gaziantep (Anatolia) 53 Geneva 219 Georgia 3, 10, 34, 51, 65-67 Germany 45, 98, 186, 191 Ghatghat (Sa udi Arabia) 201 Ghazni (Afghanistan) 172, 177 Gilan (Iran) 73, 86-89, 101, 113, 117, 134 Goa 266 Golden Horn 2, 10 Gorno-Badakhshan (Central Asia) 160 Government General of the Steppes (Central Asia) 145, 153f. Government General of Turkistan 145 Great Atjeh 295 Great Britain - Britain Great East (East Indonesia) 321 Greece 8-11, 28, 35, 44, 52


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Gresik 256f., 260f., 280 Grissee (Java) 271 Grobogan (Java) 293 Gujarat 254, 256 Gulf - Persian Gulf Gulf ports 73, 75 Gulf States 223, 225 Gülhane (Constantinople) 12 Gulistan (Cancasia) 67 Gümrü (Alexandropol/Leninakan) (Caucasia) 32 Gurgan (Iran) 82, 117 Gurun (Penida island) 243 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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H Hadramawt (Arabian Peninsula) 309 Hague, The 105, 305, 324, 326 Ha'il (Arabian Peninsula) 200 Halim (air force base) 331 Halmahera (island) 277, 279 Hamadan (Iran) 74 Harat (Afghanistan) 65, 69-71, 172f., 175f. 179, 182 (H)aru (now Langkat) (Sumatra) 254 Hatay (Sancak of Iskenderun) 43 Heliopolis - register of terms Herat - Hara Hercegovina 16, 18, 21 Hijaz (Arabian Peninsula) 8, 200-202 Hindu Kush (mountains) 172f., 176 Hirfanli (dam) 53 Hitu (Ambon) 265, 269, 271 Holland 284, 286, 289, 291, 294, 296, 309f - Netherlands Hudayda (port in N. Yaman) 202, 210f. 214, 216 Hungary 8 also - Austria-Hungary Hungry Steppe (Central Asia) 157 Hurmuz (island) (Iran) 97 Hunkâr Iskelesi (Turkey) - index of terms I Ili (river) 144 India 62, 67-70, 72, 84, 86f., 97, 149, 236f. 247, 251-255, 265, 270, 276, 286


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Indian Ocean 251, 265 Indochina 237f., 243 Indragiri (Sumatra) 255, 274 Indus (river) 172f. Inner Oman 221, 223 Ionia (Smyrna district) 34 Iran 39, 42f., 52, 62, 64-77, 79f., 82-88, 90, 106, 155, 166, 177, 225f., 230, 256 Indonesia 236-337 passim Iraq 8, 11, 36, 43, 52, 73, 97, 110, 114f. 119, 126, 134f., 201, 207, 211, 214, 226, 232 Irtish (river) 149 Irtïsh basin 145 Isfahan (Iran) 79, 124, 132 Iskenderun (Alexandretta) 43 Israel 119, 205f. Issiq Köl (Central Asia) 159 Istanbul 4, 8, 13, 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28-32, 34, 39, 41, 51-53, 74, 200 Isthmus of Kra 238 Italy 22, 202, 210f. Izmir (- Smyrna) 34, 38, 51 J Jacatra 273 - Jakarta Jakarta 262, 267, 315-317, 319-321, 323, 327f., 330-332 Jalalabad (Afghanistan) 172, 177f., 180, 183, 186-188 Janggala (Java) 241f. Japan 45, 102, 311-314, 316f., 328, 333 Japara (Java) 238, 256, 259, 261f., 266 Jassy (Rumania)- index of terms Java (Yavadvipa) 236-332 passim Jawf (oasis) 200


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Jaxartes (Sir Darya) (river) 144 Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) 11 Jerusalem 24 Jidda (port of Mecca) 97, 201f., 206f., 214 Jipang (Java) 261 Jogjakarta 282, 286f., 291f., 308, 319, 323f., 328 Johannesburg 99, 107 Johore (Malacca) 255, 260f., 271, 275, 279, 283, 289 Jordan 52, 204 Julfa (Iran) 113 K Kabul 69, 172-176, 180, 186 Kadara 251 Kadiri (= Pañjalu = Daha) (Java) 241-245, 262, 264, 280 Kafirisan (Afghanistan) 183 Kagan (near Bukhara) 144 Kahuripan (Java) 241 Kakh (Iran) 80 Kalanten (Malaya) 245 Kalapa (site of Jakarta) 262, 267 Kalasan (Java) 237 Kalat (Baluchistan) 65 Kalingga Java) 238 Kamchatka 275 Kampar (Sumatra) 255, 266 Kandahar - Qandahar Kan-t'o-li (Buddhist kingdom) 251 Kapuas river (Borneo) 237, 259 Karabük (Anatolia) 43


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Karachi (Pakistan) 48 Karaganda (Kazakhstan) 158 Karaj dam (Iran) 113 Karbala (Kerbela; Iraq) 68, 119 Kars (Asia Minor) 15, 17f., 29, 32f., 46 Karta (Java) 278, 280 Kartasura (Java) 264, 279-281 Karun (river; Iran) 72 Kashghar (Turkestan) 168 Kashmir 173 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Kassel 72 Kavalla (Greece) 17 Kavir-i Khuriyan (Iran) 101 Kayseri (Anatolia) 38 Kazakhstan 145, 157, 159-161, 163-166, 169 Kazan (Russia/Tataristan) 148, 152 Kedah (Malaya) 238 Kedu (Java) 238f., 262, 286 Kemer (dam) 53 Khaniqin ( Iraq) 84 Khartum 206, 214 Khaybar Pass 172, 187 Khiva (Emirate) 144, 149f., 155f., 159, 190 Khoqand (Central Asia) 144, 149, 154, 180 Khost (Afghanistan) 188 Khurramshahr (Iran) 91, 96, 119 Khurasan 64f., 68f., 71, 87f., 102, 174f. Khurd Kabul pass 178 Khuzistan 69, 83, 91, 95, 112f., 119, 128, 133 Khwarizm (Central Asia) 156 Kirghizia, Kirghizistan 159, 161, 163, 165f. Kirman (Iran) 65, 80 Kirmanshah (Iran) 84f. Kizil Irmak (river; Anatolia) 53 Komul (Ha-mi) (oasis) 167 Konya (Anatolia) 10, 37 Koripan (Java) 242


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Krasnovódsk (Central Asia) 144, 155 Krawang (Java) 288 Krueng Raja (Sumatra) 258 Küçük Kaynarca (Turkey) - index of terms Kuen-lun mountains 167 Kütahya (Anatolia) 10 Kulja (Eastern Turkistan), K. district 144, 167, 169 Kupang (Timor) 279, 284 Kut (al- Amara) ( Iraq) 24 Kutai (Borneo) 237, 295 Kuwayt 199, 227, 230-233 L Lahj (Lahej) (S. Yaman) 210, 217 Lahore (Pakistan) 173f. Lambri (Sumatra) 246, 256, 258 Lampong(s) (Sumatra) 262, 283, 297, 333 Lamrri (Ramni) (Sumatra) 258 Landak (Borneo) 260 Langkasuka (near Pattani) 237f. Lausanne 26, 35 Lebanon 37, 52, 134 Leipzig 288 Leitimor (Maluccas) 268 Lemnos (island) 24 Leninakan - Güimrü Leran (Java) 256 Lesser Sunda Islands 241, 279, 321 Libya 134, 207, 226 Ligor (Malaya) 238


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Lingga (island) 284 Linggadjati (Java) - index of terms Lodz ( Lódz; Poland) 147 Lombok (island) 261, 279 London 10, 68, 72f., 75, 79, 218, 225, 288f., 295, 311 also - index of terms Lontor (island) 272f. Lop Nor (Lake; Central Asia) 169 Losari (Java) 259 Lumajang (Java) 244 M Macedonia 5, 19f., 22 Madina 5, 24, 201, 202, 206 Madiun (Java) 262, 324 Madura (island) 243f., 246, 263f., 270, 280f., 288, 295, 321 Madura Strait 281 Magellan Straits 271 Mahakam river (Borneo) 237 Mahabad (Iran)102 Maiwand (Afghanistan) 182 22 Majapahit (kingdom) 243-248, 250, 252f., 256f., 260-264, 274, 278 Makassar 267, 269, 274f., 277, 292, 321, 325 Makian (Moluccas) 265, 269, 277, 279 Malabar (India) 256 Malacca 246, 248, 253-261, 264, 266-268, 273-276, 279, 283f., 289 Malang (Java) 280 Malaya 314 Malay peninsula 237f., 243, 246, 251. 253-255, 258, 276, 283, 289, 329 Malaysia 329, 332


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Malayu 238, 242-244, 246, 250-253 Malino (near Makassar) 321f. Malta 28, 34f. Manama (Bahrayn island) 230 Manila 268f. Maragha (Iran) 126 Maras (Anatolia) 30 Maritza (river) 22 Marmara, Sea of 24 Marv (Central Asia) 71 Mashhad (Iran) 65, 87, 90, 92, 113, 173 Masjid-i Sulayman (Khuzistan) 83 Masqat (Emirate) 137, 221-223 Mataram 238f., 248, 261-264, 274, 276, 278-282, 292 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Mauritius 99 Maymana (Afghanistan) 182 Mazandaran (Iran) 91, 96, 117 Mazar-i Sharif(Afghanistan) 172 Meander (river; Anatolia) 53 Mecca 5, 200-203, 206, 258, 262f., 278, 290, 305 Medan (Sumatra) 327 Medina - Madina Mediterranean 203, 248 Mekong delta 250 Mempawa (Borneo) 259 Menado (Celebes) 292 Menderes valley (Anatolia)- Meander 34 Mesopotamia 84 - Iraq Middle East 230 Midya (Thrace) 22 Mihrabad (Iran) 113 Minangkabau 253, 258, 278, 290, 298, 30 Modjokerto (Java) 322 Moldavia 6, 8f., 11, 16 Moluccas 246-248, 254-259, 262, 265-267, 269, 271-274, 276-279, 284, 290, 321, 325 327 Montenegro 17 Montreux (Switzerland) 43, 45f. Morea (Greece) 10 Moscow 31, 43, 57f., 88f., 99, 102, 115, 155f., 213, 298 Mosul ( Iraq) 36 Moti (island) 279


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Muara Kaman (Borneo) 237 Mudanya (Anatolia) 34 Mudros (Greece) 24, 27 Münster (Germany) 276 Mürzsteg (Austria) 20 Muhammara (later Khurramshahr) 68f., 91 96 Multan (Pakistan) 173f. Munich 74 Murgab (river) 158, 182 Mus (Eastern Turkey) 53 Musi (river; Sumatra) 277 N Najaf ( Iraq) 63, 119, 135 Najd (Sa udi Arabia) 199, 202, 204 Najran (S udi Arabia) 202 Nakhchuvan (Caucasia) 67 Nakur (Sumatra) 256 Nalanda (India) 251 Navarino (Greece) 10 Nazilli (Turkey) 53 Netherlands 264, 271f., 274, 284, 286, 288, 290, 293-296, 298, 302, 306, 311, 319-321, 325, 329 Netherland Indies 246, 289-319 passim Neuilly, - register of terms Neutral Zone ( Iraq, Kuwayt) 201, 232 New Delhi 321, 324 New Guinea 246f., 296, 304, 309, 312, 325, 326 New Margelan (Central Asia) 150 New York 108 Nizib (Anatolia) 11


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Nizwa ( Oman) 222 Nuristan (Afghanistan) 183 O Ochakov (fortress; Ukraine) 3 Odessa 3, 8, 24, 82 Oman 220-224 Omsk (Siberia) 145, 154 Orenburg (Russia) 144, 154 Orsk (Russia) 158 Ottoman - register of terms Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turkey 1-37 passim, 68 Ouchy (Switzerland) - index of terms Outer Islands (Indonesia) 303, 332 Oxus (Amu Darya) 144, 151, 155, 158f., 172f., 179f., 182 Özbekistan 159f., 162f., 165f. Özboi (river bed) 158 P Padang (Sumatra) 290, 308, 328 Pagarrujung (Sumatra) 252 Pahang (Malaya) 243, 245, 255, 266 Pajajaran (Sunda, West Java) 250, 262 Pajang (Java) 262f., 292 Pakhtunistan (= N. W. Frontier Province) (=Pashtunistan) 52, 192, 195 Pakistan 52, 114, 119f., 193, 195 Pakuwan-Pajajaran (Sunda, West Java) 262 Palembang (Sumatra) 237, 250f., 255, 260-263, 267, 270, 276f., 279, 287, 290 Palestine 14, 24, 64, 100, 124, 134, 204 Pamir(s) (mountains) 144 Panaraga (Java) 263, 282


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Panarukan (Java) 261, 267, 285 Pangkalan Brandan (Sumatra) 294 Panj (river; Afghanistan) 144 Panjab 173f., 176, 187 Pañjalu (Java) 241 Panjdeh (Pamirs) 182 Pantjur (Malacca) 246 Pare Pare (Celebes) 267 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Paris 20, 30f., 36, 69, 74, 86 Pase (Sumatra) 257f., 261 Pashtunistan - Pakhtunistan Pasundan (West Java) 323 Pasuruan (Java) 240, 261, 280 Pati (Java) 262 Pattani (Siam) 237, 271 Pearl Harbour 313 Pedir ( = Pidi ) (Sumatra) 258, 290 Pegu (Burma) 255f'. Peking 168, 254, 330, 332 Penang (Pinang) (Malaya) 287, 289 Penida island ( = Gurun) 243 Perak (Malaya) 238, 276 Perlak (Sumatra) 252 Persepolis 134 Persian Gulf 80, 96f., 103, 1 14, 137, 202, 222, 224, 229, 231, 253 Peshawar 173, 176f., 187 Petersburg, St. P. 79, 150, 152f. Philippines 265, 268, 270, 315 Pidi -Pedir Pirate Coast 224 Plered (Java) 278 Plevna (Bulgaria) 17 Poland 3 Pontianak (Borneo) 260 Portugal 266, 270f., 276


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Prambanan districts, plain (Java) 237, 239 Preanger district (Java) 280, 292 Probolinggo (Java) 285 Pruth (river: Rumania) 7, 15 Pu-ni (Borneo) 246 Q Qandahar (Afghanistan) 171-176, 179, 182 Qarabagh (mountains) 67 Qasr-i Shirin (Iran) 79 Qatar (Arabian Peninsula) 227f. Qara Qum canal (Central Asia) 158 Qazvin (Iran) 89, 98 Qulhak (Tehran) 77 Qum (Iran) 77, 122, 129, 131, 135 R Radfan mountains (near Aden) 218 Ramnni (= Lamuri/Lamri) (Sumatra) 258 Ra's al-Khayma (Arabian Peninsula) 224, 226 Rasht (Iran) 81, 87 Ra's Tannura (Sa udi Arabia) 203 Rawalpindi (Pakistan) 87 Rayy (Iran) 65 Red Sea 202, 253 Rembau (island) 284 Rengasdengklok (Java) 317 Reval (Estonia) 20 Rhodes (island) 22, 52 Riau archipelago 255, 283, 321 Riyad 199, 203


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Riza'iya (Iran) 102 Riza'iya Lake of 102 - Urumuya Rokan (Sumatra) 255 Rome 110, 212 Rosetta (Egypt) 6 Rotti (island) 279 Rumania 16, 18, 41, 45 Rumelia 4, 26 Run (island) 273 Rusçuk (Ruse) (Bulgaria) 7 Russia 1-11, 13-20, 28, 32, 43, 45f., 62, 66-73, 75f'., 79-88, 92, 95, 98-104, 106, 108, 117, 144-169, 177, 180-182. 186, 212 also - Soviet Russian Transcaucasia 80 S Sabah (North Borneo) 329 Sabadiou (= Yabadiou; Java) 237 Safid Rud (river; Iran) 113 Sakarya (river; Anatolia) 33, 53 Salala (Dhofar) 222 Salonica (Greece) 17, 20, 22, 24, 43 Samarqand 144, 149, 151, 158, 167, 190 Samsun (Anatolia) 26, 28, 44 Samudra (Sumatra) 246, 252, 254, 256 Samudra-Pase 254 - Samudra San a (Yaman) 211f., 214-216 San-fo-ts'i ( = Çrivijaya) 250 San Francisco 46 San Stefano (Constantinople) 17 Saparua (Molulccas) 290 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_358.html (3 of 4)07.01.2011 03:46:27

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Sarajevo 23 Sarawak (Borneo) 295, 329 Sariyar (dam) 53 Sasango (Borneo) 259f,. Sa udi Arabia 52, 97, 199f., 202-209. 211f., 214-216, 220, 222f., 230 Sa udi-Kuwayti Neutral Zone 232 Sa'ju Bulaq (Mahabad) (Iran) 81 Savadkuh (Alburz mountains) 91 Sawu (island) 279 Scutari (Shkoder) (Albania) 22 Semarang (Java) 278-280, 284, 319 Semipalatinsk (Siberia) 145, 149 Semirechye (Central Asia 144, 148f. Serbia 10, 17f. Sevastopol (Crimea ) 15 Seven Islands Republic (Ionian islands) 5 Sèvres (France) 32f. Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Seyhan river (Anatolia) 53 Shah Abd ul- Azm (shrine at Ray) 74 Shammar (Sa udi Arabia) 200 Shahr-i Ray, Ray (Iran) 107 Shahr-i Sabz (Central Asia) 150 Sharja (al-Shariqa) (Arabian Peninsula) 224-227 Shatt ul- Arab (Arvand Rud) 68, 119, 134 Shaykh Uthman (near Aden) 217 Shiraz (Iran) 65, 92, 128f. Shirvan (Caucasia) 66f. Siak (Sumatra) 279, 283 Siam 237, 247, 254, 256, 266 Siberia 143, 148 Sidayu (Java) 261, 281 Silistria (fortress) 6 Simnan (Iran) 101f. Sind 173-176 Singapore 231, 289, 295, 313 Singhasari (Java) 241, 243-245, 250 Sin-kiang (Eastern Turkestan) 167-169 Sir Darya (Yaxartes) (river) 144 Sivas (Anatolia) 28-30 Siyahkal (Iran) 134 Smyrna (Anatolia) 28, 34 Solo (river; Java) 264, 281 Solor (island) 269, 279 South East Asia 316, 330


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South India 256 South Yaman 215, 217, 219f., 222f. Soviet Russia, Union 31-33, 37, 39, 41-46, 51, 56-59, 86-90, 98-104, 106, 113, 117, 119, 123, 126, 131, 134, 137, 154167, 168f., 187, 191, 194, 202, 205f., 212f., 220, 232, 332 Spain 269f., 272, 276 Stalinabad (-Doshanba 160 Straits (Dardarelles 5, 11, 14f, 24, 32, 34f., 43, 46f., 51 Straits of Malacca 252, 254f, 258, 278, 289 Sudan 214 Suez 115, 225, 230 Suez Canal 24, 203, 209, 220, 294 Sukadana (Borneo) 260, 264, 271, 274 Sulawesi - Celebes 327f. Sulu (island) 246 Sumatra (Suvarnadvipa) 236-239, 246f., 250-258, 262f., 266f., 269, 274, 276, 278, 283, 289, 294f., 297, 303, 308f., 314f., 319-321, 323f., 326f., 331-333 Sumbawa (island) 277, 279 Sumenep (Madura) 243 Sunda (West Java), Sundanese 238, 246, 248, 250, 255, 267 Sunda Strait 249, 255, 271 Surabaya 240, 256, 259, 261f., 280, 304, 306, 319 Surakarta (Java) 281f., 286f., 292, 302 Surinam 320 Suvarnadvipa (-Sumatra) 251 Syria 10f., 14, 23, 28, 30, 37, 43, 204-206, 208, 212, 321 T Tabriz (Iran) 63, 67, 78, 81, 90, 92, 95, 101f., 113, 133 Ta'if (near Mecca) 18, 202, 210 Ta izz (Yaman) 212, 214, 216 Tajikistan 156, 158f., 165f.


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Takkola (on the isthmus of Kra) 238 Talish (Iran) 67 Tamiang (Indonesia) 246 Tambralingga (Malay Peninsula) 238, 246 Tandjung Priok (port of Jakarta) 323 Tanjung Pura (Borneo) 244, 246 Tarim (river; Central Asia) 169 Tarim basin (Central Asia) 167f. Taruma (West Java) 249 Tashkent 144, 149, 154f.. 159f., 163. 1 Taurus (mountains) 20, 26 Tegal (Java) 262 Tehran 43, 48, 65-137 passim Tejen (river; Central Asia) 158 Tel Aviv 115 Tenasserim (Burma) 255 Terik (Majapahit) 244 Ternate (Moluccan island) 257, 262, 265-272, 275, 277-279 Thal (North West Frontier Province) 187 Thessaly 8, 19 Tibet 79 Tidore (Moluccan island) 266-269, 277-279 Tien-shan mountains 167 Tilsit (East Prussia) 68 Timore (island) 246, 269, 284 Tjirebon (Cirebon) (Java) 259, 261f., 279f., 286f., 289, 321 Tjitjurug (West Java) 250 Tobol ' (river; Siberia) 145 Tokyo 315f.


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Tonkin-Annam 247 Topkapi Sarayi (Contantinople) 38 Transcaspia (Türkmenistan) 71, 87, 144, 155 Transcaucasia 28, 66, 86 Trebizond (Eastern Turkey) 32 Trengganu (Malaya) 245, 254 Tripoli (Libya) 22, 220 Troloyo (Majapahit) 256 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Trucial Coast 225f. Trucial States 224f., 230 Tselinograd (Kazakhstan) 165 Tuban (Java) 244, 256, 259, 261f. Tumapel-Singhasari (around Malang) 241f. Tunceli (Eastern Turkey) 38, 47 Tunb, Greater and Lesser (islands) 137, 226 Tuntang (Java) 286 Turgai (province) 145, 148, 155 Turfan (oasis) 167 Turkey, Turkish 1-59 passim, 64, 81, 84, 88, 90, 92, 97, 114, 119f., 166, 217 Turkistan 68, 143-169 passim Turkistan (town; = Yasi) 159 Turkmanchay (near Tabriz) 67, 92 Turkmenistan 69, 88, 160, 166 Turtkul (Central Asia) 151, 159f. U Uigur Autonomous Region 169 Uiguristan 169 Uliasser (islands) 277 Umm al-Qaywayn (Arabian peninsula) 224-226 United Arab Emirates 225-227 United Arab Republic (Egypt/Syria) 212, 224 United Arab States (Syria/Egypt/Yaman) 212 United States of America, U.S.A. 28, 49, 99f., 107, 113f., 117, 120, 123f., 126, 131, 137, 194, 203f., 206f., 209, 213, 232, 323 United States of Indonesia 288, 311, 317, 321, 323f. Uqayr (Sa udu Arabia) 232 file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_360.html (1 of 3)07.01.2011 03:46:29

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Urals (mountains) 152, 158 Uralsk (town) 145, 154 Urumchi (Ti-hwa) 167, 169 Urumiya (Iran) 102 - Riza'iya Urumiya (Riza'iya), Lake 81 U. S. S. R. 126, 194 V Verona (Italy) 1 Virgin Lands Territory 165 Volga (river) 143, 148, 153 W Wakhan (river) 182 Wallachia 6, 8f., 11, 16 Washington 108, 123 Waterloo (Belgium) 289 Wellesley, Province 238 Weltevreden (Jakarta) 301 Wengker (Panaraga) 240 West Africa 270 Western Turkistan 143-167 passim West Germany 131 West Irian (West New Guinea) 327, 329 Wurawari (Java) 240 Y Yalta (Crimea) 45 Yaman 22, 202, 204-206, 209-219 (also - South Yaman) Yanina (loannina) (Epirus) 8, 22f. Yavadvipa - Java file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admin/Desktop/N...ns%20With%20Big%20Guns/9004061967/files/page_360.html (2 of 3)07.01.2011 03:46:29

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Yawadiwa (= Java) 237 Yazd (Iran) 80 Yedi Kule (fortress; Constantinople) 4 Yugoslavia 37, 41, 52 Z Zanzibar (island; E. Africa) 221 Zarafshan (river) 158 Zinjibar 219 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Technical Terms (Including Religious Communities and Titles) Words in Oriental Languages in Italics A Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic Development 227 Abyssinian (Italo-) 42 adat 290 administrative areas (ustans) (Iran) 92 Aegean University 51 Afro-Asian solidarity (Bandung) 326 Agama 328 Agricultural Bank (Iran) 124 agriculture 50, 93, 95, 118f., 121f., 132, 143, 157f., 165f., 199, 216, 292f., 216 Aisjiyah (women's organisation) 304 Alash Orda (Central Asia) 154f. alim (Islamic clergyman) 63 Allied Powers 85 alphabet (Turkey) 39 al- Urwat al-wuthqa ( Le Lien Indissoluble) (review) 74 American aid 50, 108f., 117f., 191, 194 American financial adviser, mission 82f., 94, 101 American loans 52, 111, 117, 126, 191 American military support 52, 107, 110, 113, 115, 120 Amir (Prince) 69, 150f., 181f., 218 Amir-i Ni am (Army Commander) 71 Angkatan Pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian Youth Army) 317 Anglo-Afghan wars 178, 180f., 187


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Anglo-American war (1812-1814) 288 Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 91, 93, 95, 104, 112, 228 Anglo-Iranian war 69, 71 Anglo-Kuwayti agreement 232 Anglo-Persian Oil Company 83, 95 (also - Anglo-Iranian O.C.) Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907 79 Anglo-Iranian treaty of 1919 87 Anglo-Yamani treaty (1934) 211, 217 anjumans (local committees; Iran) 79f. Ansor (youth organisation) 331 Api 317 Arabian American Oil Company (ARAMCO) 203, 222 Arabic (language) 41 Arabic inscriptions 256 Arabic script 254 Arabic writers 258 Arab-Javanese calendar 263 Arab League 204, 211, 223, 232 Arab nationalism 120 Armenian patriarchate 67 Army of the Caliphate 31 Asian conference (1947) 321 Asiatic Company 285 asylum ( bast) 74, 77 Atatürk University 51 Atjeh war 294-298 Azari Turkish language 101, 138 B


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Bab (title of the founder of Babism) 63f. Babism 64 Baghdad pact 52, 114f., 119, 204 Baghdad railway 38 Bah a'is, Baha'ism 64, 116 Bahasa Indonesia (language) 307, 309 Bahrayn independence 229 Bahrayn oil company (BAPCO) 229 Balkan wars 22 Balkan Pact 41, 52 banks in Iran 72, 94, 119 Bandung conference (1955) 326 Bank-i Umran (Iran) 118 Banque d'Escompte (Iran) 72 Banque des Prêts (Iran) 72 Basmachi (uprising) 155f. bast ( - asylum) 76f. Bataviaasch Genootschap 288 Ba th party 206 bauxite 158 bazaar 110, 136 bazaris 131 begs (biys) 151 Bektasi (dervis order) 10 Belgian constitution 77 Belgian customs experts 76, 84 Benteng (bloc) 318 Benteng Republik 318 Berlin, treaty of (1878) 18-20, 23


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Bhairawa 243 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Bolsheviks, B. party 154-156 Bangaya, treaty of (1672) 277 Brahmanism 237 British Bank of Iran and the Middle East 94 British crown colony 218 British Indian government 144, 187, 217 British Indian troops 178, 287 British Middle East Command 230 British Petroleum Company 112 British protectorate 217, 228 British withdrawal from E. of Suez 119, 137, 218, 225, 230 Bucarest, treaty of (1812) 7 Buddha 238 Buddhism, Buddhist 237f., 243, 246, 251f. Buddhist pilgrims 237 Buddhist priest 241 Buddhist sanctuaires 239 Buddhist stupas 238, 239 (Borodudur) Budi Utomo (society) 301, 303 C Caliph (Caliphate) 7, 18, 27, 35f., 39, 46, 200 Capitulations 1, 35, 67, 92, 96 carpet-weaving 143 Caspian fisheries concession 72, 88, 95, 108 Catholic Christians, Catholicism 2, 269, 273 CENTIO (Central Treaty Organisation) 52, 59, 119 Central Bank (of Iran) 114


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Centrale Sarékat Islam 303 Central Powers 84-86 Central Treaty Organization - CENTO Chaghatay Turkish (language) 161 Chamber of Deputies (Meclis-i Mebusan) 18 Chief Mujtahid (Shi ite authority) 108 Chinese Buddhist pilgrims 237, 251 Chinese immigration 169 Chinese reports 249f. Chinese sources 236, 238 Chinese tax farmers 285, 291 Chinese traders, middleman 269, 302, 329 Chinese war 281 Chinese writers 241, 258 Christian, Christianity 5, 258, 265, 267f., 325 Christian chronology 38 Christian missionaries 267 christianization 268, 277 Christian population 269 Chuo-sangi-in (Chamber of Deputies) 315 cihad - jihad (holy war) 24 Çivaitic (religion) 238f., 248f. Civil Code(s) 39, 50, 92, 163 coal 158 colonization 164f. Commercial and Penal Codes (Turkey) 38 Commercial Code (Turkey) 51 Committee of National Unity (Turkey) 54, 56 Committee of Union and Progress (Turkey) 20f.


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Communist International 305 Communist Party of Iran 87 Communists (in Central Asia) 156f., 160-162 Communists (in China) 168 Communists, P.K.I., Kommunis 326-333 Compagnie van Verre 270 concessions 72f., 80, 83, 88, 95, 10)5, 202, 228f., 232 Confederation of Iranian Students 131 Congress of the Muslims of Turkistan 154 Consortium (of oil companies) 109, 112, 117, 123 Constituent Assembly 54 (Turkey), 91 (Iran) constitution(s) 54, 77f, 81, 84, 91, 104, 189, 192f. constitution, first Turkish (Kanun-i Esasi) 17 Consultative Council (in Yaman) 215f. copper 158 Cossacks 89f. Cossack Brigade, C. division 75, 81-83. 85, 89, 91 cotton 146f., 157f'. Council of Executive Commissars (Turkish) 31 ''Council of generals" (Indonesia) 330 Council of the Asiatic Possessions 284 Council of the Indies 289 Court party (Iran) 79 Criminal Code (Central Asia) 163 Criminal Procedure Law (Central Asia) 163 Culture System (Cultuurstelsel) 291f., 295 currency (reorganisation in Iran) 94 customs (Iran; Turkey) 40, 75, 76 Cypriot constitution 57


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Cyrillic (Russian) alphabet 161 D dams 52, 58, 113 dancing dervishes 37 Dari (language) 172 Dar ul-Funun (Iran) 71 Darul Islam (Indonesia) 323 Darul Islam movement 325 Day of Sport (Turkey) 44 "debt of honour" (of the Netherlands) 297 decentralizations policy (in Central Asia) 158 Decentralization Law (Indonesia) 294 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Detence of the Sultanate and the Caliphate (in Turkey) 29 Demokrasi Terpimpin (Guided Democracy) 328 Democrat Party of Azarbayjan 101 Democrat party (Iran) 82 Democrat party (Turkey) 47f., 50, 54, 85 Den Pasar conference 322 derebeys (Turkey) 7 dervisorders (Turkey) 37 Development Corps (Iran) 133 Development Plan (Iran) 113, 125, 136 Dewan Nasional (Indonesia) 327 Dhufar Liberation Front 222 divan (cabinet in Turkey) 4 Djawa Hoko-Kai (Java People's Loyalty Movement) 316 Dokter Djawa-School (Java) 297 Duma (Russian parliament) 152, 155 Dutch commonwealth 320 Dutch East India Company 271-284 Dutch High Commission 322 Dutch Residents 286, 291 E Eastern Question 1, 15 East India Company of London 179, 217, 224, 271; of France 269; of the Netherlands - under Dutch "East Persia Cordon" (British) 86 ebedî sef ( = Atatürk) 44


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Economic Pact (Turkey) 36 education 16, 42, 92, 118, 153, 185, 188, 208, 216, 220, 224, 227, 229f., 233, 297, 300 Eisenhower doctrine 52 Ekonomi Terpimpin (Guided Economy) 328 Empat Serangkai (quadrumvirate in Indonesia) 315 Enlightenment (Iran) 62, 73 eskincis (Turkey) 9 étatisme (Turkey) 44, 52 Ethical Course (in colonial policy) 297 Etibank (Turkey) 42 Eurasian political groups (Indonesia) 305 European clothes (Turkey) 38, (Iran) 93, (Afghanistan) 188, (Indonesian) 301 European political parties (in Indonesia) 302 Extension and Development Corps (Iran) 130 ezan (call to prayer) 41, 48, 55 F Faculty of Theology (Ankara) 42, 48 Faktorij 293 Family Protection Law (Iran) 132 Farghana method (of irrigation) 143 fatwa, fatva (Islamic legal ruling) 31, 122, 259 Federal National Council (of UAE) 226 fetva - fatwa , fatva fez (Turkey) 37 Fida'iyan-i Isam (Iran) 104f., 115 Fifth Imam (of the Shiites) 63


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first alphabetic revolution (in Central Asia) 161 First Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Jidda 1970) 206 first world war 22, 84f., 186, 200, 210, 217, 228, 298 Five-year Plan (Turkey) 56f., (Sa udi Arabia) 207f. Four year Plan (first; in Sa udi Arabia) 203 Freedom Group Movement (Iran) 123, 125, 131 Freedom party (Turkey) 51 Free Men and Women of Iran (list of candidates) 130 Free Yamanis ( al-Ahrar al-Yamaniyin) 211 Friday preachers (Turkey) 51 Front of the Liberation of South Arabia (FLOSY) 218f. Fudjin-kai (Women's Union) 315 fundamental law ( qaun-i asasi ) (Iran) 77f. G Gabungan Politik Indonesia ( Gapi) 310f. Gandamak, treaty of (1879) 180 gas pipeline (Iran-Russia) (Bukhara-Orsk) 158 Gendarmes, Gendarmerie (Iran) 85, 89f. General Inspectors (for several districts; Turkey) 38 Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia (Gerindo) 309 Gerindo 310 "Gestapu" ( Gerakan September Tiga Puluh) 330, 332f. Gharb-zadagi (infection by the West) 134 girl's schools (Turkey) 50 Golongan Nasional Indonesia (G.N.I.) 310 gotong royong 327 gotong royong parliament 329 Government general (in Central Asia) 144 grain output (in Central Asia) 157


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Grand Fleet 27 Grand National Assembly (Turkey) 27, 31f., 35f., 44, 46-48 Great Council (Turkey) 31 great purge (Central Asia) 162 guided democracy (Indonesia) 328, 330 Gujarati Muslim merchants 255 H Hague, The, agreement of 324f. Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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handicrafts (in Central Asia) 145 Halkevleri (Turkey) 40 hatib (Turkey) 48 Hatt-i Hümayun (Turkey) 15 Hatt-i Serif (Turkey) 12-14 Health Corps (Iran) 130, 133 Heliopolis, battle of (Egypt) 4 High Islamic Institute (Turkey) 51 High Shar i Courts (Sa udi Arabia) 201 Himyaritic origin (of Zufars) 222 Hinayana Buddhists 249 Hindu 250 Hindu calendar 263 Hindu Javanese 259, 263 Hindu period 252 Hindu states 267 History of Java (by Raffles) 288 Hizb-i Tuda-yi Iran 100 Hizb-i Irada-yi Milli-yi Iarn 100 Hizbullah brigades 316, 323 Holy Cities of Islam 5 hongi cruises 275 Hospodars (governors of Wallachia and Moldavia) 15 Houses of Justice (Iran) 130 Hünkar Iskelesi, treaty of 11, 13 Husayniya-yi Irshad (building at Tehran) 134f. hydroelectric installations (Turkey) 53


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I Ikhwan (Sa udi Arabia) 199, 201 imam and hatip schools (Turkey) 51 imams (prayer leaders) 48, 50 Imams (Ibadite, in Oman) 221f. Imams (Twelver Shi ite) 63f. Imams (Zaydite, in Yaman) 209-215 immigration (Russian to Central Asia) 148, 157 Imperial Bank of Persia (Iran) 72f., 75, 94 Imperial Tobacco Corporation of Persia 72 Independence Preparation Committee (Indonesia) 318 Independent Group (Turkey) 47 Indian government - see British Indian Indian independence 225 Indian Muslims 30, 258 Indische Partij (Indonesia) 303, 305 Indische Sociaal-Democratische Parij 303 Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging 303 Indische Vereeniging (Perkumpulan Hindia) 305 Indo-European Telegraph Company 72 Indoktrinasi (Indonesia) 328 Indonesia Merdeka 307 Indonesian authorities 319 Indonesian federal state 320, 325 Indonesian indebtedness 325 Indonesian languages 307, 309, 314 Indonesian Muslim State 323 Indonesian national movement 299-314 Indonesische Overpeinzingen 312


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Indonesians parties 302-311, 318, 326, 329-332 Indonesian socialism 328 Indonesian standards 297 Indonesian student communities 305 Indonesian Volksraad 311 Indonesia Raya ( Parindra) 306f. industry, industrialization 42, 50, 53, 95, 114, 118, 122, 136, 165, 183, 195, 227f. Integrity of the Ottoman Fatherland (Turkey) 29 International Court of Justice 105, 109 International Monetary Fund, I.M.F. 123 Iran-i Nuvin (New Iran) party 130, 138 Iran party 108, 123 Iranian Academy (Farhangistan) 93 Iraqi government 119, 134, 137 Iraqi Kurdish rebellion 119 iron (and steel) 44, 132, 158 irrigation 58, 113, 133, 143, 157f., 195, 291 Islam 26, 47, 55, 73, 100, 106, 162, 205f., 208f., 248f., 252-258, 260-265, 267f., 299, 302, 304, 316 Islamic (shar i) (law) 38, 154, 161, 290f., 304, 326 Islamic state (Indonesia) 323 Isamistan ( = proposed Islamic federation) 49 islâmlasmak (islamization) 49 Isma ilite community (Iran) 70 Israeli-Egyptian-Syrian war of 1973 136 Italian doctors 210 I timad ud-Dawla (title of Hajji Ibrahim) 66 J Jadidists (Modernists) (Central Asia) 153 Jangali movement (Iran), Jangalis 86f., 89, 100


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janissaries (Turkey) 7, 10 Japanese navy (in Indonesia) 316 Japanese occupation (of Indonesia) 311, 314-318, 326 Japanese troops (British use of) 319 Jassy, treaty of (Turkish-Russian) 3, 5 Javanese Bible Society 288 Javanese messiah 292 Jina 243 Jong Islamieten Bond 309 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Jong Java (Young Java) 306, 309 Jordanian troops (in Oman) 223 Justice Party (Turkey) 55-59 K Kabinet Pembangunan 333 Kazakh landownership (Central Asia) 157 Kazakh revolts 168 Kazakh settlement 149 Kellogg Pact 39 Kemalists (Turkey) 34, 55 Kepribadian Indonesia 328 Kerenskii government (Russia) 85 Khaki uniforms 69 Khanates (in Central Asia) 144f., 150, 155 Khan (in Iran) 126 khoja (Central Asia) 168 King of the Arabs 200 King of the Hijaz 201 Kirghiz villages 149 K. N. I. L. M. 296 Knip ( Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat) 318 kolkhoz( es) (Central Asia) 157, 164 Komunis Indonesia (party)- Partai K.I. konfrontasi (Indonesia) 329 Koninklijke Paketvaart Maatschappij (K.P.M.) 296 Korean War 104 kraton (palace town) 243, 251, 264, 278, 285f.


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Küçük Kaynarca, treaty of (1774) 2f. Kurdish (speaking) regions 38, 138 Kurdish-Azarbayani treaty 102 Kurdish People's Republic 102 Kurdish revolt (Turkey) 37 Kurucu Meclis (Turkey) 54 kuttab (Qur'an schools) 216 Kuwayt Fund for Arab Economic Development 233 Kuwayt Oil company (K.O.C.) 233 Kuwayli parliament 232 Kyais (religious teachers) 304 L Labour Law (Turkey) 42 Labour Party (Turkey) 59 Laicism (in Turkey) 39, 44, 48 land reform (Iran) 109, 111, 114, 118f., 121, 124-129, 132 land tenure (Iran) 94 langar, langgar (religious building) 257 Language Association (Turkey) 47 Language Congress (Turkey) 41, (Iran) 93 language, purge (Turkey) 47 laskar rakyat (people's armies; Indonesia) 318 Latin alphabet (Turkey) 39, (Central Asia) 161 Lausanne, treaty of (1923) 35 Law of Contract (Turkey) 51 law school (Turkey) 42 League against Colonial Atrocity and Oppression 305


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League of Intellectuals (Indonesia) 306 League of Nations 42, 96 lebai ( lebe) 257 Lend-Lease 45 Liberal party (Turkey) 46 Liberal Republican party (Turkey) 40 Linggadjati agreement, L. terms 322f. Literacy Corps (Iran) 127, 130, 133 literature (fiction, poetry) 131, 162 local committee (- anjuman) 79 London protocols 10 London, treaty of: (1841) 11, 14; (1959), 56; (1824) 289, 295 Loya Jirga (Afghanistan) 192 M Madjelis Islam A la Indonesia ("Miai") 304 Madjelis Permusjawaratan Rakyat Sementara ( M.P.R.S.) 329, 332 Madjelis Rakjat Indonesia 311 Madjelis Sjuro Muslimin Indonesia 315 madrasa, medrese (religions college) 16, 129 Main Türkmen Canal (Central Asia) 158 Majlis (Iran) 78-85, 89-92, 94, 99, 101, 104-113, 116, 122-124, 130, 138 Majlis, fifteenth (Iran) 103, 105 Majlis, fourteenth (Iran) 103 Majlis-i A yan (Afghanistan) 189 Majlis-i Mu'assisan (Iran) 91 Majlis-i Shura ( Shawra) (Afghanistan) 189, 191


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Majlis, second (Iran) 82f. Majlis, sixteenth (Iran) 105 Mamluks (Egypt) 5f. marriage law (Turkey) 50, (Iran) 132 "Manipol" 328 Mardum party (Iran) 116, 122-124, 129 Maritime peace in perpetuity 224 marja ul-taqlid (Iran) 122, 135 Marxists 131 Masjumi 315, 318, 323, 328f. mawlanas (Indonesia) 259 Mecca-pilgrims (from Indonesia) 258 Mecelle (Turkey) 38 Mediterranean defence plan 49 Mediterranean pact 48 medreses (Turkey) 36 - madrasa Mensheviks (Central Asia) 155 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Meshrano Jirga (Afghanistan) 193 Mevlevi order (Turkey) 37 Middle East Technical University (Ankara) 51 military service (Central Asia) 162 milk-i khass (Central Asia) 146 millet-i sadika (Turkey) 19 Millet partisi (Turkey) 47 Milli Birlik Komitesi (Turkey) 54 Milliyun party (Iran) 116, 122-124, 129 Ministry of Public Instruction (Turkey) 39 missiles 165 missions, missionaries 92, 297 Modernist (Jadidists) (Central Asia) 153 monopolies (Iran) 94 Moscow Conference (Dec. 1945) 102 motor traffic (Turkey) 53, (Iran) 95, 137 muastrlasmak, (modernization) 49 Mudros, armistice of 24 mufakat ( muwafaqat) 308 müftü mufi 31 (Turkey), 162 (Central Asia) Muhammadiyah (reformist movement) 304, 315 mujtahids (Iran) 76, 127, 129, 135 mullas (Iran) 76, 127, 131, 135 Muslim Central Council (Central Asia) 154 Muslim(s) passim Muslim tombstones (Indonesia) 256


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mutammim (Iran) 78 N Nagarakrtagama 241, 243, 246, 252 Nahdatul Ulama 304, 331 Naksibendî order (Turkey) 40 Nasakom 328, 332 Nasionalis 328 National Assembly 31, 53 (Turkey), 215 (Yaman) National Bank ( Bank-i Milli ) of Afghanistan 190 National Bank (Bank-i Milli) of Iran 94, 124 National Consultative Assembly ( Majlis-i Shawra-yi Milli) (Iran) 77 National Council (Indonesia) 322, 328 Nationale Fractie (Indonesia) 310 National Front (Iran) 108f., 117, 123-125, 130f. Nationaal Indische Partij (Indonesia) 305 National Iranian Oil Company, N. I. O. C. 112, 117, 130 National Liberation Front (Aden) (NLF) 218-220, 222 National Pact (Turkey) 30, 32, 35 National Planning Council (Indonesia) 328 National Revolution (Turkey) 53-57 National Will Party (Iran) 100 Nation Party ( Millet partisi) (Turkey) 47, 50, 59 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) 59 Negara Indonesia Timur 322 Negara Islam Indonesia 323 Nekolim 329 neologisms (Turkey) 41, (Iran) 93


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Netherlands-Indonesian Union 325 Netherlands Trading Company 291, 293 "Nippon Tjahaya Asia, Pelindung Asia. Penimpin Asia" 314 Neuilly, treaty of(1919) 41 New Turkey Party 55, 57 Ni matulahi order (Iran) 70 nizam-i cedid (Turkey) 4, 7 Nizamnama (administrative code, Afghanistan) 188 nomadism 93f., 148f., 161-164 - tribes non-Muslim residents (Turkey) 1, 13 North Atlantic Treaty Organization 52 (- NATO) notables ( âyan) (Turkey) 7 numerals (European "Arabic") (Turkey) 39 nusantara 244 O Office for Religious Affairs (Turkey) 48 oil concession, dispute, exploration, industry 59, 95, 98, 101, 229, 232, 296, 333 - petroleum Old Malay language, inscriptions 250, 251 Opleidingsscholen voor Inlandische Ambtenaren (Training Schools for Native Officials) 297 Organization of Petroleum Exporting (Countries, O.P.E.C. 117, 123, 207, 233 Orthodox Christians (in Turkey) 1, 9, 14, 35 Orthodox Christianity (Central Asia) 162 Ottoman Bank 42 Ouchy, treaty of (1912) 22 P Padri war 290, 295


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pagans (in Afghanistan) 183 Pakualam (title) 287 Pallava script 237 Pamalayu 252 Panca Krida 333 Pancasila 326, 328 Pan-Islamism 18, 186, 303 Panitia Persiapan Indonesia Merdeka 316 Panitya Peneapan Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 317 Pararaton 241 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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Parindra 307, 310 Paris, treaty of: (1856) 15, (1857) 70f. parliament (Iran) 77 - Majlis Partai Indonesia 308 Partai Islam Indonesia 304 Partai Katolik 327 Partai Komunis Indonesia 298, 305 Partai Nasional Indonesia 307, 318 Partai Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia 308 Partai Rakyat Indonesia 309, 318 Partai Sarékat Islam 303 Partai Serikat Islam Indonesia 303 Partai Tionghoa Indonesia 309 Partij Insulinde 305 Partindo 308 pati 260 Pashtu (language) 172 Patriotic Front (Turkey) 53 Patriotic Party ( Hizb-i Watan) (Iran) 100 Payk-i Iran (transmitter in East Berlin) 111 peasants (in Central Asia) 149, 157, 161, (in Java) 292f. Peasant's Party (Turkey) 51 peasant uprising (in Central Asia) 147 Pemberontakan 318


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Pemuda 317 Pemuda Katholiek 309 Pemuda Kristen 309 Pemuda Muhammadiyah 309 Pemuda Rakyat 331 Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia ( P. R. R. I.) 328 P. N. I. Baru 308, 318, 326f. People's Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf (PLOAG) 220, 222 People's Houses (halkevleri; Turkey) 40, 50, 55 People's Party, Republican (Turkey) -Republican People's Party peranakan 309 Perdjuangan Semesta 327 Perhimpunan Indonesia 305 Perikatan Perhimpunan Isteri Indonesia 315 Permesta 327 Permi 304 Permufakatan Perhimbunan Politik Kebangsaan Indonesia 308 Persatuan Arab Indonesia 310 Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia 306 Persatuan Indonesia 307 Persatuan Muslimin Indonesia ("Permi") 304 Persatuan Perhimpunan Politik Kemeerdekaan Indonesia 308 Perserikatan Nasional Indonesia 307 Persian Gulf Service Command 100 Persian language 138, 161, 172 Persian writers 258 Peta (Pembela Tanah Air) 315, 317 Petroleum 83, 95, 112, 117, 158, 169, 202f., 206f., 223f., 226-230, 232f., 333


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- oil Petroleum College (Abadan) 93 Petroleum Development (Qatar) Company 228 Plan Organization (Iran) 113, 117, 120f. "Point 4" (Iran) 108, 116, 118 police action (Indonesia) 322, 324 Political Concentration for the People's Deliverance 303 Political Resident (British; Persian Gulf) 224, 227 pontianak 259 Prakrit 237 President of the (Grand National Assembly (Mustafa Keal) (Turkey) 31 President of the Republic 36, 44, 48, 56, 59, 195, 317, 333 primary schools 47, 164, 216, 220, 227, 297 priyayi 302 Progress Party (Turkey) 46 Progressive Centre (Iran) 129f. Progressive Republicans (Turkey) 37 Provisional Consultative People's Congress 329 P.S.I.I. 310 Pusat Tenaga Rakyat ( Putera) 315 Putera 315 pu(w)asa 257 Q Qa'immaqam (Turkish district commissioner) 227 Qanun (newspaper; Iran) 73 qazis (religious judges; Central Asia) 153 qiran (currency) 94 quadruple alliance (of 1840) 14 Qur'an 163


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Qur'an schools (maktabs) (Central Asia) 153 qush begi (= vazir; Central Asia) 151 R radio (wireless) 111, 113, 124, 201, 212, 296 railways 38, 53, 95, 144f., 150 Rastakhaz party (Iran) 138 râya (non-Muslims; Turkey) 1 Radical Concentration 298, 303 Rakyat 317 Rakyat Pasundan 322 Red League (Indonesia) 303 referendum 109f., 128 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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refugees (from Bulgaria; Turkey) 51 Regents' Union 301 Renville agreement (1948) 323-325 Representative Committee (Turkey) 29 Republic of Indonesia 317, 320, 325, 330 Republic of the Southern Molluccas 325 Republic of the United States of Indonesia 325 republicanism (Turkey) 44 Republican Council (Yaman) 214f. Republican Nation Party (Turkey) 51 Republican Peasants' and National Party (Turkey) 55, 57f. Republican People's Party (Turkey) 27, 38, 40, 44, 47f., 50f., 53f., 56-59 Revolutionary Government (Indonesia) 328 revolutionism (Turkey) 44 riyal (currency; Iran) 94 Roman Catholic Christians (Turkey) 14 romanized Malay 307 Round Table conference (The Hague, 1949) 324 Rum-van Roijen agreement (1949) 324 Russian bank (Iran) 72, 83, 94 Russian oil- concession (Iran) 101, 103f. Russian language (in Central Asia) 150, 152, 162-164 Russian Provisional Government (Central Asia) 154 Russian revolution (1905) 76, 152; (1917) 28, 85, 152f. Russian schools (Central Asia) 149, 153 Russo-German armistice (1918) 85


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Russo-Iranian war 67 Russo-Japanese war (1904/5) 76, 300 S Sabilillah (Indonesia) 323 Sa dabad Pact 43, 52, 98, 114 Sadr-i A zam (Grand Vazir) (Iran) 71 Sancak (of Alexandretta) 43 sandang-pangan 328 Sanskrit (language) 238f., 250, 257 Sardar-i Sipah (Iran) 89 Sarékat Dagang Islam 302 Sarékat Islam 302f. Sarékat Rakjat 305 Sa udi Arabian economy 203, 207f. Sa udi -Egyptian relations 204 SAVAK 116, 135 Sayap Kiri 318 Sayyids (descendants of Ali) 76 School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen ( STOVIA) 297, 301 second alphabetic revolution (Central Asia) 161 second Balkan war (1913) 23 Second Republic (of 1961, Turkey) 54 secondary schools (Turkey) 51 second world war 74, 98f., 162, 190f., 203, 211, 216, 299, 313 sedentarization (Iran) 93 Senate ( Sena) (Iran) 78, 104, 107-109, 112f., 123, 130 Senate ( Meclis-i Âyan) (Turkey) 18 sehid (Turkey) 54 seriat (Turkey) 21, 35, 47f.


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- shari a Seventeen Gentlemen 271-273, 284 Seven Year Plan (Iran) 104 Sevres, treaty of(1920) 32, 36 seyh (Turkey) 40 Seyhülislâm (Turkey) 9, 24, 31 seymen (troops; Turkey) 7 Shah (Iran) 63-138 passim Shafi ite (Sunnite sect) 213 Shaka calendar 256 shari a, shari at (Islamic law) 92, 122, 184, 201, 208f., 211 seriat Sharif of Mecca 200 Shaykhdom (now: emirate) 225 Shi ite, Shi ism 63f., 73, 90, 97, 122, 126, 134f., 143, 151f., 183 Shi ite ulama 100 short declaration 296 Sida-yi Iran (transmitter) 111 silk 62, 158 Siraj ul-Akhbar (newspaper) 185 six basic principles (Turkey) 44 sjahbandars 257 Smaradahana 241 socialism (Turkey) 44 Socialisme Indonesia 328 Socialist Soviet Republic of Turkistan 154 Society of Friends ( Philiki Etairia) (Greeks) 8 South Persia Rifles 85f. Soviet Academy of Sciences 163


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Soviet communist party 131 Soviet government 85, 108, 113 Soviet-Iranian treaty (1921) 88, 96 Soviet propaganda 126 Soviet veto 232 sovkhoz(es) 157, 164f. space vehicles 165 Spanish-Portuguese monarchy 268, 270 Standard Oil Company of California 203, 229 state monopolies (Iran) 94 States General 272 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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steel - iron stockbreeding (Central Asia) 143, 149 Strategic Army Reserve ( Kostrad) 331 St. Sophia (Constantinople) 38 students 53, 123, 125, 129, 131, 134, 164, 189, 194, 305, 332 Study Clubs (Indonesia) 306 Suez expedition (1956) 115, 218 Susuhunan (royal title; Java) 264, 278, 281f, 287 Sultan (Sultanate) 27f., 31, 35, 46, 97, 200, 218, 266-268, 274, 277f., 282, 285f., 290-292, 328 Sumerbank (Turkey) 42 sun language theory ( Turkey) 41 Sunnite(s) 27, 150-152, 183, 210 Supreme Advisory Council (Indonesia) 328 Supreme Council (U.A.E.) 226 Surabaya Study Club 306 Sutardjo resolution 304 swadesji 304 Swiss code of civil law (Turkey) 38 T takfur ( Iran) 106 taksim (Turkey) 52 Taman Siswa 315 Tamil ( language) 257 Tantric Buddhism 243, 252 Tanzimat (Turkey) 12 tariff freedom (Turkey) 40 tarikat (dervis order) (Turkey) 50


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tax, taxation system 13, 37, 94, 145f., 149, 188, 285, 288, 298 Tehran technical college 93 telegraph (Iran) 72 tekke (or zaviye) (Turkey) 37 Tentara Keamanan Rakyat 319 Theological Faculty (Ankara) 51 Ticaniye (order in Turkey) 50 Tobacco concession (Iran) 72 Toilers' party (Iran) 108 Trans-Iranian Railway 96, 98 Treasurer General (Iran) 82 Tordesillas, treaty of(1484) 267 Tri Koro Dharmo 306 tribes 64, 81, 86, 90, 93f., 102, 111, 126, 128f., 154, 156, 172-183, 188f., 199-201, 109, 211, 213, 217, 221, 223, 227 Tripartite Treaty of (Iran) 99, 101f. Trucial Oman Scouts 222 Tudeh (Tuda) (party in Iran) 100-104, 108f., 110, 111, 113, 115, 117, 123, 126, 131 Tuntang, capitulation of (1811) 286 türbe (Turkey) 37, 48 Türk Dil Kurumu (Turkey) 40f., 51 Türk Ocaklari (Turkey) 40 Turco-Greek agreement (1933, 1938) 41 Turco- Iraqi frontier problem 35 turkification (türklesmek) 49 Turkish dialects (Central Asia) 172 Turkish Culture Association 55 Turkish Hearths - Turk Ocaklart Turkish Historical Research Association 41 Turkish Labour Party 57


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Turkish Language Research Association 40 Turkistani Decentralization Party 154 türklesmek 49 Türk Tarih Kurumu 41, 51 Twelfth Imam (of the Shi ites) 63 Twelver Shi ites Islam 63, 77 U ulama, ulema (Islamic clergy) 3f., 63, 70-78, 108, 123, 126, 134f., 150, 153f., 156, 162, 200f., 204, 213, 296, 304 Undang Dasar ( 1945) 328 Union and Progress (party; Turkey) 29 Union for Defence of the Nation's Rights (party; Turkey) 28 United East India Company 264, 271 United Nations General Assembly 327 United Nations Organization, U.N.O. 49, 211, 329, 332 United Nations Security Council 102f., 105, 323f., 332 universities 16, 42, 51, 92, 116, 118, 164, 190, 194 uranium 158 urf 211 Usdek 328 ustan (province; Iran) 92 V vaqf(waqf) (endowment) 122, 125, 127 vazir (minister; Iran) 65f., 70, 93, 151 vezir (minister; Turkey) 7, 12f., 17, 21, 29-31 vilâayet (province; Turkey) 13, 27f., 36, 43, 48 Visman Commission 299, 311 Volkslectuur (Balai Pustaka) 297 Volksraad 298, 303, 310 Vorstenlanden (principalities) 294


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W Wahhabite(s) 8, 199f., 290 wali (Indonesia) 260 wayang suluh 325 weekly rest-day (Turkey) 42 White Revolution (Iran) 128, 130f. White Russian (troops) (Central Asia) 154f. Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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White Russian fleet (Iran) 87 Wolesi Jirga 192f. women 37, 50, 93, 117, 124, 127f., 130, 132, 188, 208f., 220, 301 work cabinet 327 Y Yalta Conference (1945) 101 Young Bukharans (Central Asia) 155f. Young Turks, Y.T. party 16. 28f., 300 Youth day (Turkey) 26 Z Zaydite community, Imams 209, 213 zekât (Turkey) 37 zikir (dhikr; Turkey) 37 Start of Citation[PU]Brill Academic Publishers[/PU][DP]1981[/DP]End of Citation

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