Menander: The Principal Fragments

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BY H

APPS, Ph.D., LL.D.

T. E.

PAGE,

Litt.D.

W. H.

MENANDER

D.

ROUSE,

Litt.D.

menander: MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS, BOSTON.

MENANDER THE PRINCIPAL FRAGMENTS WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY

FRANCIS

G.

ALLINSON

professor OF (IKKRK LITERATURE AND HISTORY IN BROWN UNIVERSITY

LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN NEW YORK G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS :

:

MCMXXI

poe^T

ft

/n/

CONTENTS I'AO

GENERAL INTRODUCTION: — The Illustrations. Notes on The Translation, Notes on Transmission of Menander

vii viii

....

Life

The

ix xii

New Comedy

in

Menander

{P/o/s, Characters,

xv

Proloyue, Chorus)

Vocabulary and .Style of Menander Sources and Legatees

xix

xx

EXTANT WHITINGS

Xxiii

the text bibliography

xxv :

—

Translations

xxvii

Editions Articles, Books,

xxviii

Reviews

xxix

THE ARB1TRANTS

1

THE GIRL FROM SAMOS THE GIRL WHO GETS HEK HAIK CUT SHORT

129

....

THE HERO FRAGMENTS FROM SIXTY-SEVEN OTHER IDENTIFIED PLAYS List of the Extant Titles

AN UNIDENTIFIED COMEDY

195

283 307

308 .

463 V

CONTENTS TAOF.

SELECTIONS FROM UNIDENTIFIED MINOR FRAGMENTS

FRAGMENTS ASSIGNED with DOUBT TO MENANDEB INDEX OF PBOPEB (TAMES ILLUSTBATIONS

:

.

o34

537

—

Menander A Comic Poet Rehearsing a Mask

VI

175 .

Frontispiece .

.

.

To face p. 131

GENERAL INTRODUCTION Illustrations

For the authenticity of the portrait-head of Menander, the frontispiece, it may be urged that a reasonable consensus of expert opinion has come to ]

favour this bust, 2

now

in the

Boston

Museum

of Fine

second only, if not equal, to the CopenArts, hagen portrait. The resemblance between this and the face of the comic poet on the Lateran relief as

(facing page

131) re-enforces the identification,

if

accepted as Menander. The beardless comic poet of the relief, who holds in his left hand one of the masks 3 apparently set either one

is

1 See Fr. Studniczka, Dax Bildnis Menanders, Neue Jhrb. 41/42, 1918, 31 pp. (5 cuts, 10 plates), who discusses in detail the numerous Menander portraits, especially the group of

heads in Copenhagen, Boston, Philadelphia, etc. (The Univ. head is wrongly assigned by S. to Boston.) Recently Fred. Poulsen (Ikonographisch Miscellt a, Copenhagen, 1921) lias attacked Studniczka's conclusions. Poulsen, however, accepts (I.e. p. 31) the Lateran figure as representing a comic poet, not an actor. 2 Furnished by the courtesy of Mr. L. D. Caskey of the of Penn.

Museum.

3 Carl Robert (Szenen mis zwei Komodien des Menandroa, Halle, 1908) suggests the identification of the three masks with Moschion. Chrysis, and Demeas in the Girl from Samoa.

vii

GENERAL INTRODUCTION out by his companion 1 from the cupboard behind her, has on the table before him the excerpted role (?) Above is the lectern-frame belonging to the mask. to hold the

open right hand seem

recitation.

The

scroll.

to

ringers of the poet's

beat accompaniment to

(See Studniczka, op.

cif.

The Translation The

the

p. 26.)

2

editor wishes to crave indulgence front the

reader in two particulars.

First, for

the occasional

of prose and verse in his translation.

juxtaposition In the case of mutilated or much-restored text and

doubtful context prose translations or summaries seemed inevitable, and in the case of the minor

fragments the translator

felt that

it

was admissible

to treat each one as a unit, versifying

which seem more of

those only Secondly, the use

vivid in verse.

the m;- stress iambic

verse

corresponding Greek trimeters

in is,

translating

the

as the translator

1

It is tempting to identify tin's lady with the charming, though fabled, Glycera who figures in the Alciphron letters KSrte [Mtnandtr mid Qlyas Menanders devoted helper. kera, Hermes, 54, 19) points out the amusing anachronism involved, hut the tradition might easily have hecome canonical by about 50 A.D. the approximate date of tli

cf.

and

infra, p. 203, Periceir.

p. 489,

Le Grand, 4

fragm. No.

op.

Tost, op.

xviii

. .

xx

Plaulus, :'>!'.'>).

GENERAL INTRODUCTION the telescoping

to

material

—

is

of

plots

or

a problem to which

free

many

1

selection

of

writers have

2 Terence, four of whose given detailed attention. the to Greek are attributed six extant plays frankly

of Menander, seems to offer the best points of con-

In at least three comedies Terence made use " of plots or even blending of the of " contaminatio

tact.

material, but, as fortune has preserved

these

Menandrean

plays,

we

are

still

no one of unable to

estimate the exact meaning, and justice, of Caesar's

apostrophe (see above, p. x, note 3) and whether " in Terence the alleged lack of " vis comica

means lack of inventiveness 3

in

the necessary re-

making

of material to suit the exigencies of the

Roman

theatre.

diction and vivid

Meanwhile Terence's beauty of

charm remain unimpeached.

See bibliographies passim and, especially, for Plautus articles cited in Bibliography, Le Grand, op. cit. Leo, Plautinische Forschungen p. xxxi) pp. 353-365; C. R. Post, op. cit. with conspectus, H.S.C.P. 1

and Terence, Prescott (three

;

;

xxiv. p.

1

12.

The Hecyra, although also attributed in the Didascalia to the Greek of Menander, is apparently derived more nearly .See Lefebvre, Menandre, ed. princeps, from Apollodorus. pp. 31-33 (1007), for comparison of the Hecyra and Epitrep.; See below, p. 353, see also Lafaye, infra, Bibliography. The Heiress, with reference to the P/iormio of Terence. 3 That Caesar was not implying a lack in Terence of rb nadr)TiK6v seems evident.

XXI

EXTANT WRITINGS From the plays of Menander, probably aggregating when complete more than 100,000 lines, we possess to-day (exclusive of the 75S gnomic verses loosely attributed 1 to Menander and of numerous fragmentary words preserved in We know these from the citations) only some 4,000 lines.

—

2 following sources 1. The Cairo papyrus, discovered in Egypt in 1905, contains portions of five comedies and some minor fragments as yet unidentified. Although no one play is complete, yet, in the case of three of them, continuous scenes are preserved and the main outlines of the plots, with many details, may be followed or inferred. For one of these plays, the Perithe Leipzig and the Heidelberg ceiromene, two MSS. partly duplicate, partly supplement the Cairo text, and a third MS., Ox. pap. vol. ii., adds 51 lines near the end of the :

—

play.

—

A

2. series of other discoveries of new fragments and the identification of material existing in various collections have enlarged our knowledge of seven or, possibly, eight of the 125 lines of the Georgos plays already known. There are (Egypt, 1907, now in Geneva); 118 lines of the Colax ; 23 lines of the Perinthia and 40 lines (much broken) of the Misoumenos, published from 1903-1910 in vols. iii. vi. and vii. 3 101 lines (some 34 respectively of the Oxyrhynchus papyri ; reasonably complete) of the Cilharistes, Berlin Klassikertexte, Heft v. 2, 1907 20 lines of the Gone.iazome.nat in the library of Dorpat, identified by Zureteli and published by Kiirte (1910) ; certain fragments in St. Petersburg containing 56 :

;

;

—

1 Not included in this edition various other Ityzantine anthologies were current. 2 For details see the text and introductions below. 3 To these must be added now (1920-21) a fragni. of 27 broken lines and a few verse-ends, published in Ox. pap. vol. xiii. No. 1605. The word &paa-w r vih- in col. ii. 25 seems to identify this fragm. with the Minoumenos.

xxiii

EXTANT WRITINGS Phasmn, identified by Jernstedt and included in Korle's edition, and two other fragments here included in the Epitn pontes (see below, p. 10) but printed by Korte ae Unidentified Comedy No. II., and one other fragment assigned to the Cantphorus and, finally, an important fragment of the Epitrep. published in 1914, Ox. pnp. vol. x. No. 1236 (see below, p. 12). 3. Two other finds may be mentioned here, although not accepted in this edition: (a) in the papyri from Ghor&n (see Korte, Hermes, 43, p. 48) an attempt has been made to identify certain fragments with the "Attkttos of Menander. This is rejected both by Korte, op. cit., and by Le Grand, (b) In the Papiri Greci e Lnlini, vol. ii. op. cit. p. 222. (P.S.I. 126), is published Frammenti di una Comedia di Menandro. Korte (N. Jhrb. 39, 1917) accepts this as written lines of the

;

by Menander. 4. In Kock's C'omicornm At/icorum Fragment^ (with Demiariczuk's Supplement um Comicum) are edited from various sources (a) about 1,000 lines under 90 titles actually identified, including those already mentioned, and more than 800 lines from unidentified plays, together (//) with 169 others which have been attributed with doubt to :

Menander. In this edition the material from (1) and (2) is included, being equivalent to what is found in the second Teubner edition (plus the Ox. pap. fragment No. 1236) or in the In addition there are here given second edition of Sudhaus. the most significant fragments from sixty-seven of the other identified pla3's, and also more than two hundred of the unidentified fragments, aggregating 612 lines. Altlnmu'li these minor fragments, with a few exceptions, can give little suggestion as to plot-entanglement, they still remain of essential value in our estimate of Menander's ethical quality and in their reflection of

XXIV

contemporary

life.

THE TEXT For the material

in the Cairo papyrus the text reflects Lefebvre's second (1911) edition, facsimile and apograph, which superseded the editio princeps. Many changes, however, due to independent examinations of the

primarily

papyrus by Jensen and by Sudhaus, have been accepted in whole or in part. A multitude of corrections or supplements made by other commentators, including Kcirte and Sudhaus in their respective second editions, with some by the present For the first editor, have been incorporated or modified. four plays a comparison with the edition by Capps (1910) will show continuous indebtedness to him where subserjuent knowledge has not entailed changes. In addition his stape directions have often been incorporated with little or no change. For the text of the other recently discovered fragments there have been chiefly used the second editions of Korte and Sudhaus respectively, (Jrenfell and Hunt's Gtoryon, the Oxyrhynchus papyri, and Kretschmar (for the Georyos, Golax,

and Phasma). For the other minor fragments the text has been based upon Rock's Comic. Attic. Fraym. (collated with Meineke, Dubner, Reitzenstein) and Demianczuk's Supplem. Comicum. " Supplements in the text are indicated by half-brackets, r , to the line. superior Conjectural insertions are indicated by angular brackets, < >, and, in the translation, assumed context is indicated by brackets. The paragraphia, indicating in the MSS. a change of speaker, is inserted under each line where its presence is certain. In broken portions 1

,

of

the text the double point,

MSS., a change

(:), also indicating, in the of speaker (or, rarely, ^//-address)," has been

occasionally retained where the new speaker could not be designated. The critical notes tacitly assume a few obvious corrections of the apograph and also, where no further discussion is now

XXV

THE TEXT necessary, the mass of corrections, supplements, or omen dations already reoorded iu the critical apparatus of Cappe, 9 of van Leeuwen, of Korte , of Sudhaus*, of Grenfell and Hunt, etc. Subsequent additions or changes are referred i he proper source, when known. 1

I

1

\\\

1

Sec infra, Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Translations

l

H. Grotius, H. Stephanas, F. Diibner (Latin), prose and verse. Minor Fragments in Diibner' s ed. Menandri et Phile?nonis Fragmenta, Paris, 1846. B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt, Oeorgos, Oxford, 1898 ; and fragm. of Ptriceiromene, Ox. pap. 1899 and partial trans, of Colax, Perin/hia, Misoumenos, Ox. pap. 1903, 1908, 1909. ;

U. von Wilamowitz-Mollendorff (German), Der

Landmann

des Henandros, 1899.

M. Gustave Lefebvre (French), The Cairo MS. ed. princeps, Le Caire, 1907. C. Robert (German), Szenen aus zwei Kombdien des Menandros, Berlin, 1908. F. G. Allinson (The Arbitration Scene), Menander, N.Y. Nation, March, 1908.

The Renascence of

A. S. Hunt (The Arbitration Scene), Menander' s Comedies, Blackwood's Mag., June, 1908. Maurice Oroiset (French), Arbitrage, Paris, July-Oct.,

U

1908.

"

Unus Multorum

"

(Lord Harburton), The Lately Dis-

covered Fragments of Menander, Oxford, 1909. C. O. Zuretti (Italian), Menandro, Scene

e Frammcnti, This is the most Milan-Palermo-Naples (no date, ? 1911). of trans, both old the and new material yet pubcomplete lished. Useful attempts to envisage the plots are prefixed to

many fragments. 0. Hey, (German trans, in the original metres of) ders Perikeiromene, Bayr. Gymn. , 1917.

Menan-

1 Other translations, not seen by the present editor, are D. Bertotti (Italian), UArbitrato, Pinerolo, 1910, and L. N. de Olwer (Spanish), El theatro di Menandro trxto originnlc y version directa de los numeros fragmentos, Barcelona, 1911. :

.

.

.

xxvii

BIBLIOGRAPHY Editions

[The present

editor

editions or articles

aot had access to the original

lias

marked with an

asterisk.]

(A) For minor fragments known before 1876: Edilio prinrrpz, Guillaume Morel, 1553; Hortelius, P.asle, 1560; H. Stephanos, 1569; N. Rigaltins, I'aiis, 1613; Grotius, Paris, 1626; Winterton, Cambridge and London, 1653; Hemsterhnys, 1708; Le Clere, Amsterdam, 1709; Bentle}\ 1710. The following have been chiefly used in this edition Pr. :

Menandri Fragmenta, i'aris, 1846; A. Meineke, Fragmenta Comicorum Oraecorum, Berlin, 1847 Th. Kock, Dilbner,

;

stein,

I>ir

Anfang

1907;

Berlin,

I.

ls s. iii.

London, 1899

;

1903; idem, Perinthia, Ox. pap. vol. vi. 1908; A. Hunt, Mitioumenos, Ox. pap. vii. 1910; idem, EpUrep. frag.; Ox. pap. x. 1236, 1914; idem, Colax (fragm.), Ox. /"if. \. 1237, 1914; idem, Arguments "f MenandePs Plays. Ox. pap. x. 1 1 * and S. Sudhaus1 ">* 1235, 1914; A. Korte "™* », see below A. Kretschmar, J)c .\Feuandri reliquiis iniperrepertis, Leipzig, 1906; F. Leo, Komodienfragment aus Oxyrhyncoe, Hermes,

;

44,

1909.

For text of Cairo MS.: M. Gostave Lefebvre, ed. princeps. Fragments cFun Manueerii d< Menandre, text and trans., Cairo, 1907; idnn. Papyrus d< Mi'uaudre, (No. 43227 in Cairo Museum), Facsimile and Apograph, Cairo, 1911 J H. von Arnim, .Y< »' Re&ti von Komddien Menanders, Oster. Gymn., 1907; M. Croiset, Menandre, VArbitrage, texl ami (C)

;

trans., Paris, 19iil; .J. van Leeuwen, Menandri qualuor fabularum fragmenta, Leyden, 1908; idem, sec. ed. (with third ed. prolegomena ami commentary), Leyden, 1908 Leyden, 1919; C. Robert, Der X> im Menander, Berlin, 1908 :

:

xxviii

BIBLIOGRAPHY Sudhaus, Menandri reliquiae nuper rcpertae, Bonn, 1909; idem, see. ed. includes al^o text of the other seven plays (see Rortfe9, below), Bonn, 1914 ; A. Korte, Menandrea, ed. minor et niaior, Teub., Leipzig, 1910; idem, sec. ed. (ed. minor et niaior), in addition to Cairo MS. edits text of

S.

Oeorgos, Citharisten, Co/ax, Conciazomenae, Misoumenos, Perinthia, Pkaama, and St. Pet. fragm. (as Fab. Incerta ii.), Edward very full bibliography, Teubner, Leipzig, 1912 Cappa, Four Plays of Menander, with introduction, commentary, critical appendix, bibliography, Boston, New York, Chr. Jensen, De Menandri Godice Chicago, London, 1910 Caerensi. This is an independent collation of the .MS., R.M., L. Bodin and P. Mazon, Aristo6f>, 1910; ibidem, p. 635; phane et Minandre, Extraits, third ed. Paris, 1910. ;

;

Ahticlks, Books, Reviews [To save space the following selected list is given of the names of important contributors to the establishing of the For details see foottext of Menander previous to 1910. notes, passim, of this edition or the bibliographies in Capps (1910)

and

Kmte

(1912).]

T. L. Agar, H. von Arnim, E. Bethe, F. Blass, L. Bodin, Chr. Brunn, E. Capps, W. E. Clark, C. G. Cobet, Churton Collins, W. L. Collins, W. Cronert, M. Croiset, K. Dziatzko, S. Eitrem, R. Ellis, W. S. Ferguson, F. Fischl, G. A. Gerhard, Th. Gomperz, B. G. Grenfell, C. Haeberlin, A. M. Harmon, W. Headlani, W. A. Heidel, 0. Hense, H. van Herwerden, E. Hiller, A. E. Housman, A. Humpers, A. S. F. G. Kenyon, Th. Kock, A. Kolar, A. Korte, A. G. Laird, J. van Leeuwen, P. Legrand, Fr. Leo, L. Maccari, P. Mazon, A. Nauck, J. Nieole, A. Piatt, H. W. Prescott, K. Rees, A. J. Reinach, Th. Reinach, H. Richards, C. Robert, K. Fr. W. Schmidt, A. Semenov, Nowell Smith, R. E. Sonnenburg, K. Stavcnhagen, E. L. De Stefani, S. Sudhaus, B. Warnecke, H. Weil, J. W. White, F. W. Wright, U. von Wilamowitz-Mollendorff, G. Zereteli, C. 0. Zuretti.

Hunt, V. Jernstedt, R. Kauer,

Subsequent

to

1910:

—

Adler, Den yraeshe Litteratars Skaehne,* Studier fra Sprog. og Oltidsforskning, Nr. 119; F. G. Allinson, Some

Ada

xxix

BIBLIOGRAPHY Passages in Menander, Trans. A. P. A. xlv. 1!)I4; idem, Menander's Epitrep. revised '"/ Oxyr. Fragm. A. .1.1'. xxxvi, 2,

W.

1915;

N.

Bates,

Review

of

8tudniczka's

Bildnis

Menanders, Class. Weekly, xiv. 11, 1921 A di Bella, La J. W. Cohoon, Com/media di Menandro, Catania, 191*2 Rhetor. Studies in Arbitr. scene of Epitrep. (Princeton diss.) Boston, 1915; 1). 1!. Durham, Tht Vocabulary of Menander (Princeton diss.), 1913, and reviewed, F. <J. Allinson, C.P. xi.j II. C. Flickinger, Xopov in Terence's Heauton : tht Shifting of Choral rdles in Menander, C.P. vii. 1912; P. Fossanten, ;

;

(review of Scholl's diss.*), /." Perinzia di Menandro nelF And/in di Terenzio, Rivista di Filologia, 42, 1914; K. Flirst, On Menander as imitator of Euripides (original article* in Bohemian ?, Festaehr. Krai 3), review in B.Ph.W. 36, 1916; L. Galante, Caratteri dt// H x 6 rpo