Malay Made Easy: Covering Both Malaya and Indonesia

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, By THE SAME AUTHOR

EASY MALAY VOCABULARY MALAY PANTUNS (Quatrains) .

MALAY MADE EASY

MALAY PROVERBS SHA'IR OMAR KHAYYAM (A Malay Version of tile Rubaiyat) MALAYAN NURSERY RHYMES

covering hath Malaya and In dontsia

( Haii's Boo.1e of) SANG LOMRI-Jawi edition ( A Malay Version of Reynard the Fox)

A. W, HAMILTON

'. Puhlishtd by DONALD MOORE

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£!.STERN UN IVERSITIES PRESS LTD. SINGAPORE

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, First published in 1940 by Australasian Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd Sydney, Australw.

CONTENTS

Second edition 1942 Third edition 1944 Fourth edition 1944 Fifth edition 1946 Sixth edition 1952

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Seventh edition 1956 published by Donald AI oore Ltd. 'MacDonald House, Orchard Road Singapore 9 Eighth Edition 1959 published by Donald Moore for EASTERN UNIVERSITIES PRESS LTD. SI NGAPORE

Printed and bound in Singapore by Malaya Publishing House Ltd.

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Preface page vii Pronunciation ix Indonesian Malay xii English Grammatical Terms xiv Grammar 2 The Article The Cardinal Numbers 4 The Cardinal Numbers (Continued) 6 The Currency 8 The Time 10 The Calendar, Weights and Measures 12 The Noun 14 The Adjective , 16 18 The Adjectival use of Nouns Personal and Possessive Pronouns 20 Possessive Pronouns and the Genitive Construction 22 The Interrogatives 24 The Verb: Imperative 26 28 The Verb: Present Tense The Present Tense fanned by the verb ada, to be 30 32 The Verb ada, to be The Verb ada, to have 34 36 The Verb: Past Tense 38 The Verb: Perfect Tense The Verb sudah, to 6nish 40 The Verb: Future Tense 42 The Future Tense formed by the verb mau, to want 44 Do, Does, Did 46 Interrogation 48

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CONTENTS

Grammar (Continued) The Creation of Transitive from page 50 Intransitive Verbs The Verb bikil;l, to make 52 The Passive Voice 54 The Verb k~na, to incur 56 Adverbs 58 Adverbs of Place 60 Adverbs of Time 62 Affirmatives, Negatives and Prohibitives 64 . Prepositional Prefixes to Adverbs of Place 66 The Preposition pada, at, to . es The Preposition dengan, with 70 The Preposition sarna, with; to 72Conjunctions '14 The Conjunctions juga, also, and pula, so, then 76 ., Interjections and the Particles lab and pun 78 The Verb boleh, can, to be able 80 82 The Verb jadi, to become Other Auxiliary Verbs 84 86 The Degrees of Comparison Reflexive Pronouns and the Pronominal Suffix oya, its 88 IndeSnite Pronouns 90 92 Descriptive ClassiSers 94. Reduplication 96 Compound Words 98 Formation of Nouns by Affixation 100 Derivative Verbs The M~, pm- and B~r PreSxes 102 The M6 and PI! Derivatives 103 Malay Proverbs 104, Malay Quatrains lOS Syllabic Vocabulary 100

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PREFACE

This elementary Malay handbook is based on a con· densation of the hitherto accepted grammatical rules which elucidate the general principles on which the language is built up and are to be found in all the standard--European works on the subject. Though intended principally for English people who propose to reside in Malaya and wish to learn to speak Malay intelligibly and with a reasonable degree of accuracy, it also serves those proceeding to Indonesia. _ The whole Seld of speech is covered in a series of Sfty lessons each dealing with a different grammatical aspect and exemplified by sentences in the accompanying exercises. A vocabulary of ten words is given with each lesson and is used progressively so that only those words which have been mastered previously are employed at any particular stage. The rather copious notes deal with minor points of grammar and idiom or the meanings of words and phrases as well as with matters of general inter,est and the slight diHerences which exist between Malay as spoken in Malaya and that current in Indonesia. All the Malay words employed in this grammar will be found in the word ruts of its companion volume, the 'Easy Malay Vocabulary', which contains phonetic aids to pronunciation in addition to a glossary which enables it to be used as a pocket dictionary of common Malay words whether English into Malay or vice versa. Malay is, primarily, the language of the Malays inhabiting the east coast of Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands, and the west coast of Borneo. It is not the speech of a nation but of a number of closely related peoples and so has many minor dialectical diHerences and variations in pronunciation.

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PREFA CE

The standard speech, which is ·understood by all the educated classes and is the medium in which Malay literature is composed, is the Riau-Johor dialect which was spoken at the court of the Malacca Sultans. To meet the need of a Jingua franca for commercial purposes amongst a varied Malaysian population speaking many diHerent though distantly allied tongues, Mala.y, owing to its simplicity, adaptability, aod receptivity to new words, came to be adopted. Being the language of a coastal p
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5. Eta, an ell, :I yard. In Indonesia the metric system is in force. Dlpa. a fathom. !btu, a mile, from milestones. 6. Or sa-tllogah ampat \cali, 3Y.z "ft. In this idiom sa-tlngab is half a unit less than th e gi\'Cn cardinal n umber, e.g. pukul sa-tlngah ampat Cr.), half past th ree o'clock. 7. Gelen, a gallon, of petrol. The th ree Malay weights and measures in commOn use are: Kati, a catty (\ ; lb.), for vegetables, meat and fish. Pikul, a piett! (IB; lb.), for firewood and rubbe r. Ganbng, a g:mtang, a ~lIon or bushel. Cbupak, a qllart holds about 2 lb. of rice.

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EASY

13

EXERCISE

VOCABULARY

a a a .a a

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Hari satu. Hari dua pagi. Had anam ~tang. Hari. minggu I tblgah hari. Bulan satu.' Sa-hari bulan,~ bulan ampat, tabun itu. Satu hari bulan3 Januari.2 Hari tiga, ampat hari bulan, bulan anam. Hari lima,l dua-puloh lima hari bulan, bulan dua~Ias, Hari Kismis.e Harl ampat, minggu ini. Han anam, malam. 1 Ampat-b~las hari bulan,' bulan dua, tahun4 sa-ribu s~mbilan ratus tigapulo!t. The night of the fourteenth Malam ampat-belns hari bulan.(or the full moon). Bulan d~lapan, tahun ini. August this year. Dua-puloh ela~ panjang. Twenty yards long. Two feet three and a quarter Dua kaki tiga inchle suku lebar. inches wide. A mile round and three and Satu batu~ , 5celiling;. tip kaki sa_tengah6 tinggi. a haW leet high. Anam-puloh paune bb"at. Sixty pounds weight. XapaJ, sa-ratus tan. e A hundred ton ship. Harga anam gelen. T The price of six gallons.

Monday (Srst day). Tuesday morning. Saturday afternoon. Sunday midday. January (first month). The Srst ofo April of that year. The first day of January. Wednesday the fourth of June. Friday the twenty-Sfth of December., Christmas Day. Thursday this week. Saturday night (European). The fourteenth of February of the year nineteen hundred ,and thirty.

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MALAY

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MALAY

EASY

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VOCABULA.RY

a husband a wue

p~r ~mpuan

anak

hudak· Inki bini

a fowl an ox, a cow

.yam

a horse a sheep , a goat a pig

kuda kambing babi

l~mbu·

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NOTE:; ON EXERCISE 1. Jantan is in ge neral usc for 'a man', but laki·laki or orang laki (1.), a man, is more polite. Laki (I.), male. 2. Perlmpuan (I.), female, is politer tha n Wtina, for 'a woman', and can ' be '; wife' . }st.ri t a wife, in polite circles. 3. Anak jantlll or ~ lIak laki (1.), a son, '; real man', Anak plrimpuan, a daughter. Anal.: dalll or p'l'lI wan (I. ), a maiden, a virgin. Dam, virgi nity. Anak t' runa, a bachelor. ADak orang, other people's children, especially daughters. 1. Budak, a )"outhful person, is used for you ng children of either sex, and also for a golf caddy or tennis-ball boy. Budak (I.), a slaye. In Indonesia kachong, ;I Ooy, you ngster. 5. Anak, a child, \\Chen placed before the name of any creature mear.s the )'Qung of that species. Anak ayam, a young chicken, a chick. An2k kambing, a kid, a lamb. 6. U$ually only goats are kept in Mala)'a so that kambing covers both goats and sheep. Biri·biri or domba (I.). a sheep. 7. Sapi (r.), 3n ox. In Malaya, minyak sapi, beef suet. 8. Dna laki bin.i, man and wife. Anak bini, a family. 9. Anak, a son of, a native of. Anak Mllayu, a Malay. Anak Menang·kabil u, a n3tive of Minangkabau, in Sumatra, the cradle of the Malay r:Jce, whence many migrated to found the States of Negri Sembilan , where matriarchy is in force.

EASY

15

EXERCISE

LESSON 7 The Noun The Malay noun undergoes no inBexion to denote gender, number or case. The sexes can be distinguished, if necessary, by the addition of the words janhm. male, and benna, female. placed after the word they qualify. Number is determined from the context. (Lesson 47, Para. 2.) a woman a child a youth

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A male person. Females. A woman. These four women. Three sons. Two daughters. That girl. A young lad. A cock. Six hens. Twelve chicks. This stallion. A bull. Ten cows. The cost of ° a kid. A young boar. The value 0(° a fo al. Ten calves. A husband and ° wife. Arabs, a married couple. A wife and o child . Seven girls (daughters). A boy (male child). A c;ouple of 0 men. This Malay.

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Orang jantan. 1 Orang b~tin a.2 Satu ~r~puan . 2 Ampat orang b~tin a mi. Tiga anak jantan. s Dua anak ~tina . 3 Budak' ¢r~mpuan itu. Sa·orang budak jantan.4 Satu ayam jantan. Anam ayam b~tina. Dua-beJas anak aynm ..s Kuda jnntan ini. Lembu janlan. Sa-puJoh l~mbu bl!tinll. Hargll :lOa~ kambing.6 AnaK! babi jilOtan. Harga nnak kudll.~ Sa.puJoh anak J ~mbu .1 Laki bini. Orang Arab. dUll Jilki bini-s

Anak bini.' Tujoh anak perempuan 3 • Sa·orang anak jan tan. Dua orang laki.laki. t Anak l\{(!layu' ini.

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Adjectives are indeclinable and follow the substantives which they qualify. The demonstrative adjectives, when employed in conjunction with a noun and a quaJifying adjective, follow the attribute.

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VOCABULARY

young hot

b~ar

ki!chil tua

muda panas

cold, cool black white old, a long time new

EASY

EXERCISE

LESSON 8 The Adjective.

large small old (of living things)

MADE

sejokhitam puteh lama bah"",

NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Bini mud:!, a young wife, also a secondary wife. Z. In Indonesia Sljok means cool and dingin, cold, chilly. 3. Or.ang lama, an old person or hand. in contradistinction to an orang baham, a new person or comer, a novice. Baham is pronounced baro., as Malays often omit for euphony the ha syllable in words derived from Sanskrit. 4. Orang puteh, a whi te man, a European, sometimes restricted in Malaya to English people. the nationality being stated in other cases, e.g. orang Indon~ , an Indonesian. 5. Harl Wsar, a creat day, a festive occasion, a festival. 6. BIs:H, main, chief, head . Orang Wsar, an important person. Tu:.tQ Wsar, the llead of a 6nn or office or department. Boy bIsar, the head 'boy' or scrvant, a head waiter. 7. Orang klehil, a little man, a man of no consequence or humble birth . Tuan klchil, a European junior or assistant. "Boy klchil shortened to 'Kichi' is used by Europeans for a help. Klchil is pronounced klchi in Maia)'1l. 8. House servants arc called 'Boy' irrespective of age. In Indonesii jongos (D.). boy, youngster, is employed Similarly for a servant, steward, or waiter. Bujang (I.), a servant. 9. Auak kk hil, a small child. a baby. Bayi (I.), a baby. 10. Distinguish between huang bam ini, this neiv debt, and ini hutang bam, this (pronoun) is a new debt.

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A large hotcl A small glass. An old woman. A young wife. A hot day. A cool night. This black horse. That white fowl. An old hand. The new master. A white person. A holiday to-morrow. The eldest child. The (European) manager. A small person. The head servant. A little child (baby). An under house-servant. Those old houses. These old oxen. A European assistant. An important personage. A European newcomer. Big wages. A fresh debt.

Hotel e bcsar. G~lase k~chiI.

Perbnpuan tua. Bini muda.1 Hari panas. Malam sejok,2 Kuda hitam ini. Ayam puteh itu. Orang lama.' Tuan bam. s Orang puteh.4 Harl bCsar"' besok. Anak tua. Tuan bl1sar.tI Orang k~chiJ.1 BoyS b~sar.6 Anak k~chilo (bebi8 ). Boy k~hiJ.1 Rumah lama itu. Umbu tua ini. Tuan kechil. 7 Orang besar." Orang puteh baru.3 Gaji ~ar. Hutang baru.1o

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EASY

1.-1ALAY

LESSON 9 The Adjectival use of Nouns. Nouns denoting materials or place can be used adjectivally by placing the qualifying noun after the subject. VOCABULARY

water wood fire, a light a plank iron

ayer kayu api papnn bt'!:.i

a a a a a

place, a stand room market fence, a hedge country

Wmpat bilek o pasar pagar negt'!ri

XOTES ON EXERCISE a stone or brick· built house. P~p:m b;Jtll, ;] shte. 2. Kapal api, (lit.) a fire.ship, a stcamer. (Lesson is.) 3. K4reta alIi, (lit.) a fire·carriage, a train, the railll-ay. i. Bilek ayer, a wash· room, water closet. In Indonesia kamar (0.1, a room, replaces bilek and ka ntor (D.), a counting-house is used for office, etc. Kal1l~r k6chil, a \\I.e. Kantor polisi, a police-station. Kautor kawat, ~ telegraph office. Kawat, wire. Kantor dn:m (D.), a custom house. S. K4teta kuda, a horse carriage, a glwrry ()r closed·in lwrse l-'e1licle, th e ponics for wh ich come fWII1 Deli. Sumatra . 6. Tahull bam, the New Year. Tahull lama, th e old year last year. The Chinese New Ycar, ()ld st~le, ocenrs between J:muary'20th and Febnwry 20U\. 7. Jam Wsar, any large public clock, a clock·loln'r. 8. I'ulau Pinang, Penang island, the capital of Ilhieh, George town, is called Taniong, the capc, by Malays. 9. Or h\l13b, land. Tanah Ingg4ris, England. Tanah 13\1-:1, Java. T al13b aycr, territory, nativc land. 10. Allak neglri China, a nativc of alina. l'-'egeri, a country, when followed and qualificd by the namc of any race. denotes the land ()f the people referred to. Nlgeri Kl!lin g. \bdras. Auak negeri Keling. a Ilatil'c of Madras. Nigeri Siam, Thailand. II. Tem pat, a receptacle, a 11older. is used in the formation of many compound words, e.g. telllpat sireb, a sirih-box, containing betcll pasar ikan Alar their way to O the Alor Setaro Star fish market. That child of yours is in Budak engkau itu Mngah1 makan sa-tengah dozen e the middle of eating half kueh. a dozen cakes. Their cook is occupied in Dia orang pwtya kuki e tengah1 pukul puteh telor8 beating up the white of ini jam. egg at the moment. The syce's wife is eating Bini sais ada makan nasi9 jam ini. her meal just now. Mistress is using the car- Mem ada pakai. kereta petang ini. riage this afternoon. Benggali Islam l itu ada10 The Punjabi Mohammedan pakai seluar puteh. is wearing white trousers.

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LESSON 16 The Verb ada, to be. The verb 'to be' when used simply as a copula or link is omitted in Malay. When the verb 'to be' expresses a man's vocation it is replaced by the word k&ja, to work as. Ada, to be, asserts presence or existence and takes the place of there is, or there are, in English. .

VOCABULARY good, well clever, skilled stupid, foolish right, correct, straight wrong, clTor

baik pandaio bodoh

b
a father a mother an elder brother a younger brother sister an elder sister

~~a abang 0
MADE

a knife a fork a spoon a towel soap

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pisau garpu scndok tuaJa e sabun

NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Tuala mandi, a bath·towel. Tu..ala tal\81Ill, a hand· loweL Anduk ID·l' a towel, replaces tuala in Indonesia. . Lihat, to see, to J~k, replaces tengok, to look at, in IndOllesia. Na mpak, to sec, to n o ll(.'C, to appear, to be visible. 3. Ada, there \\'3S, there we re, depending on the context t. Ker~bi sewa. a, h i rc>Ca rri~ge . Kereta )lakai (or seooiri, oneself. I.), a carnage for one sown prlv.lte usc. In Indonesia sado a pony cart. from dos-a-dos, back-to-bad; W"ndi, a gig. a bandy. ' 5. K.!"li~, a ~am il. . -nlC name is derived from thc once famolU stat,e of Kahnga, m Onssa Province, whose merchants, trading in the ~ o(hes, w(Ore known as Kalingas or K1ings_ In Penang the tenn Klling lS reserved for Mollamn\cdan Tamils h om Madras Ollce known as C~ll1lias , the. no n-Moslem Tamils and Tc]lIgn$ being termed orang Hmdn, a Hmdu. In Singapore, the foml er 3re called Klli ng lsL1m and the latter Ke1ing Hindu. . 6. Enchek, or Che', Inche, in Malaya a title of respect which can eIther be used alone or in conjunction with proper Malay names to mcan Mr., Mrs. or ~"iss, Che' gu, teacher. l\h' a lady teacher. 7. Ada, to be, 1$ sometimes used loosely in the colloquial to denotc the pa~t tense. S lIda~ datang, has come. 8. The object of a "crb 1$ omitted if it is obvious. 9. Or sud'!, a s~~ n . Chamcha, a teaspoon in Penang. 10 ..M.!"nten. a . mlllIster of state. The Mentri Besar is the chief t'XcculJVe officer III a Malay State.

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The letters came b yo the nine o'clock post yesterday morning, Nana. The Selangor Club bathtowels disappeared then. I met my friend , the lawyer, last night, Mamak (uncle). Look at this letter! Why did he write, Mami (aunt)? How were the forks lost? There were hyelve. Who told the hackney carriage to go home? The T amil labourers arrived at six p.m. that day. Who saw ~'fcrica n strike that old man? Achi (sister). Mistress gave me soap the day before yesterday. Who went to meet the day train? Some Hindus. At mid-day I saw the knives were there, Sir. Miriam's head was aching on that occasion (day). At that time our teacher was reading a letter. The head teacher's private carriage is here. T he school ma'am saw it.s Who was using this spoon yesterday eve ni n~? One of the Mentri Bcsar s people.

Surat sampai pos" pukul s~mbil a.n kMmarin pagi, Nana. Tunla mandP kt'!lab e S~lan­ gor hHang jam itu. Saya jumpa kawan saya, loyare, sa-malam, Mamak. Tengok 2 surat ' ini! K~napa diu tulis, Mami? Macham mana garpu itu hHang? Ada 3 dua-bMos. Siapa suroh k~retu sewa 4 pulang? Kuli K~ ling> sampai puleul anam pt'!tang hari itu. Siapa tengok Marikan pukul orang tua itu? Achi. Mem kasi saya sabun kt'! lmarm dulu. Siapa pbgi jumpa kt'! reta api siang? Orang Hmdu.5 T t'! ngnh hari saya nampak2 pisau ada,' Enchek.CI Kt'!pala Che' Mhiam ada sakit hari itu. Jam itu Che' gun kitn ada tt'!ngah b acha surat. K&'cta pakai 4 guru ~sar ada l datang. Ma' gulJ tengok. Siapa ada pakai scndok\l ini kt'! lmnrin malam? OrlUlg McntCri Besar.10

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EASY

The carpenter has made the bathing pagar steps. When were the windows opened, Awang? The watchman closed the doors last night. I have stopped working there, Ahmad (Amat). That person has given up drinking, Mohammed. Her father has returned toO the Malay States. Why was the house closed the day before yesterday? His elder brother has come to do some work. The Governor's carriage has arrived. 1 have learnt to speak Malay. The baby was asleep ate eight o'clock. Yesterday she drew a sketch of a person standing up. Why has he got ready the koleh ate this hour? Who has opened this box? The Chinteng. I (Mat) have spent ten cents.

The perfect and also the past tense are expressed by the use of the auxiliary verb sudah, finished, done, over. VOCABULARY

,0

buat buka tutup

berdiri b~rhimti

a picture, a photo a door a ladder, stairs a window ground, earth

EASY

39

EXERCISE

LESSON 19 The Verb: Perfect Tense.

to do, to make , open ·to close, a cover to stand up to stop

MADE

gambar pintu tangga joodela tanah

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Pagar maudi, a bathing enclosure, a 'pagar'. 2. Awang or Mas (I.), 'John' is used to hail a young stranger unceremoniously. Malays 3rc called by their personal names, which, when followed by bin, SOil of, or binti, daughter of, plus the male parent's name give the full name. 111crc being no surnames. a woman's name does not change on marriage. Abbreviated !lames in which only the final syllable is used are common, i.e. Muhammad becomes Mnt. 3. BlfTheUti, to leave off, to ccnse. The root {onn is hllnti, to stop, wbence be'rhllnti, to come to a stop. From diri, erect, is derived Wrdiri, to be standing. (Lesson SO, Para. 3.) Berjalall, to walk. Bercbakap, to talk, etc. 4. Taoah Me1ayu, Malay lands, the Federation of Malaya, as opposed to the Colony. T anah MeIaka (I.), Malaya. 5. Tuan GubenlOf, tIle Governor. Rum ah Tuan Gube'mor, Gov-cmment House. Toan ResideD, the Resident. English official titles are in general usc. Presiden (D.), a President, in Indonesia. 6. Tulis, to write, is also used for to draw. 7. Or apa boat, what's doing or to d07 which is shortened in the l<edah dialect, spoken in Penang, to awat, why? 8. Kolek, a canoe for paddling or sailing. Perohu, a fishing boat, a Malay sailing ship. Sekochi (I.), a ship's boat. 9. Chioteng, a Chinese term for a Revenue Officer. 10. Children often usc their name instead of '1'. II . Slldah is 'frequently controcted to 'dab by Malays.

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Tukang kayu sudah buat tangga pagar mandi. 1 Bila jend~l a sudah bub, Awang?2 Orang jaga sudah tutup pintu sa-malam. Saya sudnh b~hcntj3 kcrja tempat itu, Amat (Mat).2 Orang itu sudah bcrhentP minum, Muhammad. Bapa din sudah pulang Tanah M{)lJ\yu.4 Apa schab rumah sudah tutup kclmarin dulu? Abang dia sudnh datang buat kerja. Kcreta Tuan GuhcmorS sudah sampai. Saya sudah helajar chakap Mclayu. Anak k&!hil sudah tidor pukul dclapan. Kclmarin dia sudah tulis 6 gambar satu orang berdiri. Buat apa 7 dia sudah siap kolek s jam ini? Siapa sudah huka pl!iti ini? Chinteng.9 MallO 'dah u bclanja sapuloh sen,

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MALAY

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EASY

LESSON 20 The Verb sudah, to finish.

VOCABULARY

say, to tell bilang a plate cook masak a bowl, a dish, cut potong a cup light, to fire, to fix, a saucer to set in order pasang cloth to forget lupa paper

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pinggan" mangkok piring kain kcrtas

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Sudahl Enougb! Sufficientl is used as a command to cease any course of action. As a rejoinder it denotes that action has been taken. Sampc (L), enough, to suffice. Z. Tukaug masak, a cook, a chef. Masak, ripe (of fruit), 3. Datok (Dato' or To'), a grandfather, an honorific employed towards elderly people, a commoner chief, an idol. 4. Belanja rumah, an advance for household expenses. 5, Malan tengah hari, the midday meal, lunch, tiffin. Makan malam, dinner, supper. Makan pagi, breakfast. 6. Api is used of any lilS:ht. Api gas, gas. Lampu, a lamp. 7. Or kab, to say. Bilang or kim, to count. 8. Sarong, a waist·cloth, the Malay national dress worn by both men and women and often called kaiD, cloth, only. Pakai kain, to wear a sarong. Kaill baju, a sarong and coat, clothes. PakaiaD, clothes (Lesson 49). Kain sarong, a sarong. 9. Only the simple tenses are found in Malay, the others being tra.nslated by indirect methods. nlcre is no pluperfect, the clue bemg found in thc context or in an adverb of time. 10. PeU W-si, an iron box, a s.lfe. Peti wang, a cash-box. 11. Shahballdar, (lit.) port king, 'a harbour-master. Bandar, a seaport, a town. 11. Jawi Pekan, a name applied to the descendants of Mohammedan Tamils WllO have inter-married with Malays, and are numerous ill Pcnang. Pekan, a mart, a town. Kob, a fort, a town (1.). 13. In Indonesia piling, a plate, a saucer, replaces pinqan.

EASY

41

EXERCISE

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Sudah may be employed as a verb meaning to complete, and in conjunction with the verb habis, used up, finished off, to signify 'quite finished'. to to to to

MADE

,.

That's enoughl Stop, Dadl It's after siX o'clock. Boy, bring two tea-cups. It is done, Sir. Tell the cook to get dinner ready now. I've done so. Kichi, set the old tablecloth to-night. That's all. I forgot to say that" the writing-paper was used up yesterday, Data. Cook says that" the money for household expenses is exhausted, Madam. Two plates of cakes were finished off last night, Puteh. How was that? I have finished chopping up the firewood, grandad. We had fish for lunch yesterday, at midday. The electric lights are lit aUC round Johore Bahru. He says that an aged man brought some Pulikat (cotton-print) sarongs. This place is cold. I have had the fire lit (called a person to light the fire). The little children had finished supper by then. The Harbour-master's office safe is ready. Fix it up. The Jawi Pekan clerk has counted the saucers. O

SudahlJ Bl!rhl!nti-lah, Pa'l Sudah pukuI anam I~beh. Boy, bawa dua mangkok teh. Sudaht, Tuan. Suroh tukang masak~ siap makan ini jam. Sudah. 1 K~chi', pasang kain meja lama malam ini. Sudahlab. Saya sudah lupa bHang kl!rtas tulis habis kcJmarin, Dato'.s Tukang masak bilang duit bclanja4 rumah sudah habis, MOOt. Dua pinggan kueh habis samalam, Puteh (Teh). Macham mana itu? Saya sudah habis potong kayu api, To'.'I Kita sudah makan ikan toogah harP sa-malam. Apj6 lektrik sudah pasang kl!liling Johor Barn. Dia bilang1 orang 'dah tua bawa datang sarongs (or kain) P~lekat. Tempat tnt sl!jok. Saya sudah panggiI orang pasang api.' Budak ktkhil sudah habis makan malam~ itu jam.9 p~ti b~silO opise shahbandar 11 sudah. Pasang-Iah. K&-ani Jawi P~kan1 2 sudah habis biIang1 piring.18

42

MA L AY

l\'I ADE

EASY "

LESSON 21 The future is commonly formed by the use of the auxiliary verb nanti, to wait, await, shall or will. It may also be indicated by the presence of a word denoting futurity. VOCABULARY

go out return, back come in answer, a reply

to pay

ki!:luar balek masok jawab bayar

kebun a garden g~reja a church wayang a theatre, show a cooking-place. a stove, a kitch en dapor gudang a store, a shop

,,•

.,

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Gudang, a godown, a storeroom, a wareh ouse, a European store or shop. G&long, a stone building. In Indonesia tOKa, a storc, shop; sepen (D. ), a pantry. 2. Wayang or komedi (D.), any theatrical SlIOW. \Vayang kuda. · a circus. \ Vayang gambar (or gflap, dark) or hioskop (D.), a cinema, a bioscopc. Baugsawa n, the ,Malay op
,

..

•

within. It is easy now to go into the house. Please fetch a bottle of stout from inside. It hurts to sleep on a £Ioor made of cement. Travel very slowly up to the top of this high hill. Every evening we take a stroll on the padang. The fishennen have built a house on the side of the island near the kelong. A Chinese towkay, a Teo. chew from Tanjong P agar, wants to catch fi sh. Wasn't there a spirits shop here at one time? No, it was a toddy-shop. What is the good of lifting it from behind, you idiot? Lower it a bit first. - \Vhen o there'so a moon we will go down and bathe in the river. Next time paint it a light red outside; this dark red is no good at all. Come and have sate b y the seaside near the Hylam Kongsi. Nona's standing in front 0'£ the Kali Besar, Jakarta. Go to the market and see if there's no other meat. M _M.E.-6

di-da1am. Senang silkarang masok kada1am rumah. Tolong ambit sa-botol biro' hitam! dan da1am. Sakit tidor di-tanah:l buat dari! simen". Jalan ~lan-pillan ka-atas bukit tinggi ini. Malam-malam kitn jnlan makan angin di-padang.' Orang tangkap ikan~ sudahbuat rumah di-tepi pula\! dekat kelong.~ Sa-orang tauke 6 China Techu1 dnri Tanjong Pagar mau tangkap ikan.& Bukan-kah ada kCdai arak l di-sini dulu? Bukan, kildai tuak. l Apa guna angkat dari billakang, bodoh? Kasi reridah soot du1u. Bulan Mrang8 kita nanti jalan ka-bawah manru dalam sungai. Lain9 kaH sapu chat merah muda lo di-luar; merah tO tua ini ta'guna sakali. Mari makan sate11 di-tilpi laut dilkat Hallam Kongsi.12 Nona ada bilTdiri di-depan Kali13 Besar di-Jakarta. Phgi pasar14 tcngok t'adakah daging lain?

68

MALAY

MADE

MAL A Y

EASY

LESSON 34 ~efore parts of speech other than DounS and adverbs denoting place pada, at, in, OD, is employed in place of di, at, an~ kapada, to, towards, in place of ka, to. Dan, from, may also be joined to pada to form daripada,

from , before other than place words. The following prepositions are derived from: to arrive sarnpai until, up to, till

to let go

lilpas ·

after

to replace to follow to divide a reason

ganti ikut bagi pasal

instead of according to, by for because, about, as to

YOChBULARY turun

t o shave to think to pull

chukor pikir tarck

naik

a tree a flower grass a leaf fruit

E AS Y

69

EXERCISE

The Preposition pada, at, to.

to ascend to descend

M A DE

pokokO bunga· rumput dauD buah

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. O r . naik kapal, to go on board shi p, to travel by ship. 2. Naik, to rise (of the S!J1l or moon), and turun, to set. Also klluar, to come out, or tlrblt, to emerge, masok, to sct. l Or t6ntang, concerning, about. Abn, as to. 4. Or-lUg ~u~ya cb:ib p, people's talk, ru mour, gossip. 5. Sudah, It 1$ al ready. Sudah itu, after that. 6. Sa'PlInjang, the whole lenath of, throughout. 7. Jaub malam, hr into tlle night, laic. S. ~pu huang, sweep and throwaway, to sweep awav. . 9. Kaki lilin, a a ndle·stick. Kaki, a foot , a stand. . 10. Tlugah·tl llgah. in the middle of. Antalll between II. Or sa.llingga, up to, as far as. Hingga, a'limit. . 12 ..Kapada, to, usually of persons, also pad:i, to. Apa pacb sara, there IS to me or I ha\~. Ibt pad:J, to tie to. 13. Bunga, or klmbang (1.), a blossom, precedes the name of all fl O\"~r$. BUll8a lllya or klmbang slpatu, a hibiscus a shoe·Rower 14. Guoi, a S3d:, a bag made of hessian. KaU; gUDi, sacking:

•

At that time he was still shaving that lad's head. On Tuesd ay next we shall go down to the ship. T he m oon rises at eight o'clock of an evening. After that put sarno water on the (grass) lawn. As to the removal of the fruit trees all the people nearby know. According to general romour he has been in jail. For three months he has not eaten other than congee, owing to illness. He went through the fields to get flowers for me. Because of a little matterO he has been cross all day. After the show I shall want to go home because it will be late. Sweep away these leaves after breakfast Place the candle-stick amid the Rower vases instead of the silver bowl. Up to this day he has not as yet given it to me. The gardener has pulled up the hibiscus hedge all around th ~ compound. In my opinion he certainly stole the gunny-bag.

Pada jam itu dia lagi chukor k~pala budnk. Pada had dua di!pan kila nanti turon kapal. 1 Bulan naik!! pada pulrul d~lapan malam. Lepas itu laroh ayer atas padang rumput. PasaF' ambek pokok buah s4!mua orang dckat sudah tahu. Ikut orang punya chakap 4 dia sudah kbta jel.e Sudah5 tiga bulan dia ta'makan lain daripada kanji pasal sakit. Dia pirgi ikut padang ambit bunga bagi saya. Pasal sikit dia sudah marah sa-panjang6 hari. Habis wnynng saya nanU mau pulang s~bab jauh malam.7 Sapu buang8 daun ini Mpas makan pagi. Taroh kaki lilin9 di.tt ngah u 1 lempat bunga ganti mangkok perak. Sampaj ll pada had ni din bcium bi!ri kapada l :! saya. Tukang kcbun sudah tarek keluar pagar bunga rayallJ . kcliling kampong. Pada saya punya pikir tl:ntu din churi gunp4 itu.

70

M A LAY

MADE

M A LAY

EAS Y

•

VOCABULARY

-to point out tunjok to be afraid takut b~rani to be bold. brave 10 escort, to conduct, to send hnntar 10 marry kawin

a command, a sentence hukum intoxication mabok ubat medicine a gun scnapang the heart, mind hati

NOTES ON EXERC ISE 1. Mata, an eye, an orifice. a focus, a mesh, the blade of a"tool Of weapon. ADam mati, six-
Islamic people (Moslems) ought to pray five times a day, if possible. I should take him home as it is late. Just as you pleasel It is not right at all not to pay one's debts. This kettle is of iron. No wonder it's heavyl You must study and then you will be clever. This has gone bad. Had I known I should not have boiled it this morning. In cutting onions let the pieces o he thin, not thick. Is it proper thatO whilst I was hiding he should come and search for me? It would ~ as well to let me replace that rotten plank 6rst, Nong. You are not fair not shOwing it to Mistress Som. Let me know when the funeral is going to be, Let me see whether it's light or heavy. Please be quiet a moment and let them think. Fried pea-nuts must be hot with someO salt added. When you've time we must go to the Bombay shop and buy a batik sarong.

Orang Islam patut si!mba~ yang lima waktu pada sahari, jib boleh. Saya patut hawa din pulang l si!hab sudah lambat_ Suka hati-Iah! ta' Ta'patut sakaIi-kaii bayar ·hutang. Ketel e ini buat daripada best Hams_lab Z beratl Engkau m~ti belajar bam bolehs pandai. Ini sudah busok:' Kalau saya tahu ti!ntu 4 saya ta' ri!bus pagi tadi. Potong hawang biar-lab nipis, jangan ti!bal. . Ada-kah patut dalamli saya si!mbunyi dia datang chari saya? . Baik kasi saya6 ganti papan burok itu. Ii!beh dulu, Nong.? Engleau ta'patut ta'tunjok kapada Che' Som. Kasi saya tabu bila mau hantar orang mati.s Choba saya9 tengok ringan atau bi!rat. Choba9 diam sa-ki!jap biar dia orang poor. Kachang goreng lO mi!sti panas, taroh garam. Ada si!nang l l kita mem. u pi!rgi ka-kedai Bombapa beli kain batek.14

86

MALAY

M A DE

EASY

LESSON 43

The Degrees of Comparison. There is no alteration in the termination of either adjectives or adverbs u nder comparison. The comparative can be form ed as in English by the used of the adverbs li!bch, or Jagi, more, and kurang, less, prefixed to the adjective and followed, if required, by the preposition dari, than, from. It may also be formed by placing the adjective first, before the objects to be compared, and by putting the object with which the comparison is made in the ablative case by the use of dari or preferably daripada, than. The superlative is formed in the same way as the comparative by making a comparison of universal application or by using intensitive adverbs such as sakali, very, most, terlampau, excessively, and tm-Iebch, most. By the employment of the relative pronoun, yang, that which, corresponding to ' the' before the adjective-except when the latter is placed first in the sentence-a greater degree of emphasis is obtained. VOCABULARY rambut hair of the head badan a body kolit skin; bark mulut a moutll hidong a nose lidah a tongue muka a face a tooth gigi t~lingn· hair, wool, f!J r, an ear bulu feathers NOTES ON EXERCISE I. Comparison of equality is obtained by the use of $3.1113 . the same (often shortened to sa), with or without dengau. Sam3 bisar dlngan illi or $:I·bls:n ini, as big as tbis. Sometimes ius t Wsar rumah, as big as a bouse. Z. In comparisons Ilbch precedes the wo rd it qualifies, whereas lagi frequently, though not necessaril y, follows it. 3. Or da ri pm kulit 11mbu m:l hal kulit kamhing, in compa rison with calfsldll , kid is more c)[pensivc. 4. Sa·hahls, the mos t. Tbe superlative absolute can be formed by prefixi ng sa, i.e. sa.boleh.boJeh, to the utmost .. 5. Tn Indon esia Iialing, most, is used to fonn superlatives. Yang paling klchil, the very smallest.

MALAY

MADE

EASY

87

EXERCISE

This wool is finer than the wool over there Which is farther: that island or this, Mahmud? This tobacco is cheaper than the tobacco in that shop at Tanjong Priok. My body is thinner than his, at tho moment. Never mind! Chocolate is as good as coffee. Your hair, Abu Bakar, is even longer than it was the other day. Kid is more costly than calfskin. There is no-one who" walks more slowly than you do. A man's mouth is not so pretty as a woman's. That Bandoeng woman's face is the sweetest of all. Tllis Chinese dentist is the cleverest of the lot. As to sugar, brown sugar is the very sweetest, (Mrs.) Khadijah. Amongst them all (Miss) Esah's ears are the smallest. Talking of noses, Dollah's is the largest by far. Isn't it? If you would like to know, a sole is the most expensive fish at this time.

Bulu karnbing ini I ~beh bngus dari bulu sanu. Mana jauh: pulau itu atau pulau ini, Mahmud? Murah tcmbakau ini danpada tembakau di-kMaj Tanjong Pcriok ihl. Kurus badan saya dari badan dia, tempoh in;. Ta' usah! Chokelate sarna baik dcngan l kopi. Rambut Abu Bakar 1~heh2 panjnng Iagi dari kelmarin. Kulit kambing Jagi2 mahal dnril' kulit lembu. T'nda-Iall sa-orang ~rjalan lambat Ingfl dari i!ngkau. Mulut jantan kurang chan· tck dari mulut hi!tina. Manis muka perl!mpuan Bandong itu dari semua. Tukang gigi China ini pandai daripada seroua. Pasal gula, gula merah-Iah sa- h abis~ manis, Che' Khadijah (Tijah). Dalam dia orang si!mua telinga Chc' Esab-Iah yang k/X:hil sakali.' Chakap daripada hidong, Dollah punya yan,:!; leheh hi!sar sakali. Ya, tidak? Kalau mau tah" ikan ]idahlah ikan yang t~I'Ii!beh mahsl pads masa ini.

88

MALAY MADE EA SY

MALAY MADE EASY

LESSON 44 Reflexive Pronouns and the Pronominal Suffix nya, its, Reflexive pronouns are formed by the addition of sbdiri, self, to .t he personal pronouns. The contracted form diri is also in use in certain cases, more especially in verbal combinations or before a pronoun. Sendiri, own, may also be added to a noun and if the context is clear the personal pronoun to which it refers may be omitted. The possessive pronoun nya derived from dia, his, etc., is inseparable from and follows the word it quali6.es.

VOCABULARY a needle thread a rope, string

a chain a nail, a spike

jarum hl!nang tali rnntai palm

a stick, a prop an umbreUa a mirror a comb scissors

longkat payong

cMnnin· sileatO gunting

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Diri saya, myself. Diri sendiri, oneself. Dalam dm, to oneself, inwardly. MWD din, to corrode, to decay. 2. Yang, who, whIch, is often inserted between a noun and its adjectival attribute, especially if there i~ more than one. 3. Sa-orang did or OI"1lDg slndiri (I.), alone, by onself. ... In Indonesia sikat. a brush, to brush, and sUir, a comb. 5. Chlrmin, picture or window glass. Chlrmin mab, spectacles, Chlrmin mub, a looking·glass. In Indonesia kacha. glass, replaces cbfnnin. Kacba mat:! (I.), eye·glasses, specs. 6. NYli. his, hen, its, their, is often used "for emphasis alone or to clarify the subject or to C1e:;Jte a noun from an adjective 01 to introduce impersonal expressions. Bia$.a·oyll. it's customary. Sa·kin.· Dyli. in case. Diri·n}'ll, himself, etc. DaIam·oya, the dep th . 7. Kbe', a Kheh or Hakka. a race from the highlands of Southern China. who lvark in lvf3laya as mining coolies. 8. Burok, shabby, plain, ugly. Jilek (t .), bad, ugly. 9. Nyll i! employed idiomatically in the objective case with the particle eli in passive constructions to mcan 'by him', etc., when there is no emphasis on the agent.

89

EXERCISE

YOu can light the gas yourself, Ibrahim. He must look for a needle and thread himself. We ourselves never use a wa1k:ing-stick. They themselves don't want to await a reply. I want to buy an umbrella for myself. The big one. That watch-chain is the jeweller's very owo. 1.be large and fat watchmaker was laughing just now by himself. Those hair-brushes are your own, Sir, This morning I got on my own horse that arrived yesterday. This looking-glass is Miss Cayah's own. The rope is worn out; tell the Boyanese groom to replace it himself. Usually when I go ~p she sits combing herself. A Chinese of the Kbeh race is sitting in the dark and keeping quiet. What elsel Of course it will be ugly should you cut your own hair. Its nails are corroded; he has examined them and they can't be used again.

Ibrahim boleh pasang Bpi gas sthtdiri, Dia m&ti chari jnrum dan bmang si!ndiri. Kita sthtdiri ta'pi!rnah pakai tongkat. Dia orang sendiri ta'mau nanti jawab. Saya mau b ~li payong bagi diri saya. 1 Yang bf!sar, Rantai jam itu tukang mas sbldiri punya. Tukang jam yang! bf!sar lagi gi!mok t&tawa tadi sa-orang diri.a Bi!rus t rambut itu Tuan punya smdiri. Pagi taw saya naik kuda sendiri yang~ sampai kelmarin. Chi!rmin muka~ ini Enche' Cayah punya sendiri. Tali_nyaG sudah burok; surob sais Boyan s~ndiri ganti Jain. Biasa-nya' bila saya naik dia dudok sikat diri. . Sa·orang China bangsa Khe'7 ada dudok dalam gelap dan diam diri.nya' . Apa lagi! Ti!ntu·lah burolcA ka1au sa-kira·nya' gunting rambut diri. Paku-nya' sudah makan diri1; 'dah di·p&eksa.nya' ta'boleh pakai Jagi.

90

M ALAY

M AD E

EAS Y

MAL A Y

Indefinite Pronouns. The indefi nite p ronouns, some and any, are usually omitted in Malay but when 'some' stands for 'a certain' of things the indefi nite article sa,tll, on,e, is. e mpl oye~. , Apa. what, is used to ~ean ~yt!Un~. of a~y kll~d. and harnng, things, stands for some or any, especially In combination with other pronouns. Orang, a person, includes people, persons, and 'one' or 'someone' in the sense of a person. Each, of persons is musing-masing, whilst tiap-tiap, each, every, refers to time and things as well as persons. S~lang or lat, at intervals, every other.

VOCABUu..RY a a a a a

bell wheel hoe basket colour

a a a a a

bucket hole jar, a tub fan bench, a stool

EA S Y

91

EXERCISE

LESSON 45

locheng roda changkulO bakul° wama

MAD E

baldi O lohang tong kipas bangku

NOTES ON EXERCISE I . Baraqg, SOlne, i.e. about SMoot, some, i.e. a litt.l~. 2 To avoid emphasis pronouns may follow the aUl(lilary. 3: Cub Mlbka or gub ,awa (I.), jagger}'. Cub Malacca ill a S\\-eet of S3go with melted palm.suga r and coconut·cream .. 1. T l ntll, certain to be, must be. Tltap, firm, defimte. 5. Satu apa, anything. Salah satu, one or the other,.a . 6. K:KIi, or Kathi, a registrar of Moslem mamages and an authority on Mohammedan Dlnon Law in Malaya. . 7. Barang si:JPll, anybody. Bara ng lI)la or ~.b:lr:m g, anythmg. Bukan $3·bawl'g, no ordi nary. Barallg h I!, some time, perhaps. 8. Laill dariPllda, otherwise than. Mllaillkan, except. 9. Saoon (I.), each, every. Saban hari, every day. . 10. Blrapa b:myak, however much. Urapa patut, whatever's fair. Ta'Wra pa, not to any extent, not very. S:I·birapa, as mueh as, as many as. . II . Pasal or plrk::na, a ma tter, an :llbir. Hal, things, Circumstances. DarihaJ, CQnCffI\ing. 12. SlH)rang b', no one. T'ada si:lp:l, nobody. 13. B.birapa, some, SC'o'eral, a quantity; however much.

About two pounds of saus· ages are enough. I'll get them. Is there any palm-sugar? Moth~ wants some. Upon a certain d ay I was digging a hole, There must be a reason, (Miss) Futeh, why you don't want to marry. There is not any kind of reason. I just don't want to, (Mr.) Kathi. Whatever there is will do. There is nothing, Sir. Whoever puts: feathers any· where o except in the bin will get into trouble. Whatever Madam wants-is all in the shop. Rubbishl a watcr jar, baskets or a bucket, there isn't one of them. o Whatever is that incessant noise- a bell perhaps? Some folks like a red--coloured wheel. others don't. Each person has his own desires. Every .verandah has a stool to sit upon. However many matters he settles, every other day more people come. No one wants a fan at intervals of every few feet.

Barang' dua paun sosise ada chukup. Nanti saya!! ambil. Ada gula Melaka 3? Male mau sildikit. ' Pada satu han saya ada changkul lobang. Tt!ntu t saknli ada satu sebab yang Cho' Puteh ta'mau kawin. Tada satu apali pasa!. Saya l'a' mau saja, Tuan Kathi.e Apa ada jaw ·lah. T'ada satu apa, Tuan. Barang siapa1 taroh buIu daIam lain daripada8 tong nanti kena susah. Barang apn7 Mem mausemun ada dekat kedai, Bohong-Iah! tong ayer, bakul atau baldi, satu (pun) t'ada. Bising apa ta'berhenti itu -locheng barangkaIF? Ada orang suka roda warna merah lain tidak. Masing-masing ornng ada dia punya mau. Tiap--tinp' bi!randa ada bangku tilmpat dudok. B~apa banyak10 pasaI ll dia kasi habis, lat satu hari lagi orang datang. Sa-orang ta'manU 1cipas selang beberapal l kaki.

92

MALAY

MADE

MALAY

EASY

Descriptive Classifiers.

Concrete objects when qua1ified by numerals require a classifier immediately followin~ the numeral This corresponds to the EnglIsh usage in such phrases as 'n grain of com', 'two bead of cattJe', 'a roll of cloth', Class Descriptive Classifier animals, birds, insects, fisb ekor a tail books, boxes, furniture, ships, buah a fruit, a large houses, carriages. countries bulky object fruit, eggs, plates, stones biji a seed. a pip paper. clothes, mats, leaves, Mlai a thin sheet hair. feathers or lai trees, poles, cigarettes, teeth batang a stem a bit, fragment; a slice, piece klping a flat piece a pair, a suit pasang a couple human beings orang a person VOCABULARY ~paya

kltapa pisang

limau· Danas

roof, thatch sap. rubber a coral reef a forest, wild a mosquito

EASY

93

EXERCISE

LESSON 46

a paw·paw a coconut a banana an orange, a lime a pineapple

MADE

atap

gttahkarang hutan nyamok

NOTES ON EXERCISE 1. Both numeral and cla~ifier precede the noun unless there is any emphasis on the number, when they foJlow. l. J'rok: (I.). citrus fruits. Buah precedes fruit names. ~. SilEat or mil (I .), a bunch Of 'hand' of bananas. ... Or sam.pan kolak, a Chinese sampan. Kotak, a locker, a pigeon-hole, a small box. Toako, a Chinese lighter. S. No classifier is fequired with indefinite numbers. 6. Nyior, a coconut in northern Malaya. Kllapa kiring, copra. Santan, coconut cream expressed from the meat. 7. Potong, a slice, an item of clothes, a piece of luggage. 8. Atap, palm_thatch. Ruma"h atap, a thatched house. 9. Pintu, a classifier of shophouses. Sa-derd", a row. 10. Sa-pucbok, a classifier of letters or guns. II. Sa·bwan., a 8ock, a herd, a school of fish.

Fry a chicken and a couple Goreng sa-ekorl ayam dan of snapper (red fish). dua ckorl ikan mer-ab. Wait a moment, there is a Nanti duJu, ada sa-ckor mosquito on your ear. nyamok atas tl1linga. Buy six oranges and a bunch BI1Ii buah 2 limau anam biji' of bananas. dan satu sikatB pisang. I hope to sell a sampan Saya harap mau jua! sa. (boat) next month to a bUM sampan"' bulan de-Chinese. pan pada orang China. Unforhmately, three of the Nasib ta"baik, telor tiga biji eggs were bad. sudah busok. . Put some6 ripe Sarawak Taroh nanas Serawak yang pineapples in the basket. masak di-dalam bakul. Two of them will suffice. · Dua biji jadi-lah. There are several hairs on Ada rambut bt!bbapa Iai eli. the dressing-table. mcja che-rmin muka. He owns some coconut. Dia ada sikit pokok nyiorS palms and one hundred dan pokok ge-tah sa-ratus rubber trees in Kelantan. batang di-K~lantan. My front teeth are two short. Gigi de-pan saya kurang dua Which ones? batang. Yang mana? Bring a bamboo rod from Bawa sa-batang bambu dati the forest, Hitam; well fu: hutan, Hitam; kita pasang it on the reef. di-karang. She doesn't care much for Dia ta' ~rapa suka buah p!payo. potong7 k~ing. papayas cut in slices. He rents five thatched Dia sewa rumah at ap8 lima houses in Trengganu. pintuR df.-Tilrmgganu. Father has received a regis· Bapa sudah t~rima surat tered letter from Sarna· rejistftr8 sa-k6ping (Qr sarang. puchok)10 dari Sbnarang. A Chinese, wearing spec- Sa-orang China, pakai ch~r. tades and carrying an min mata dan bawa umbrella, went by just payong sa-batang, la1u tadi now in front of the shop. di-muka toko. Take a pair of Balinese oxen Ambil sa-pasang ltmbu Bali out of that herd. dari sa-kawan l l itu.

94

MA L AY

MADE

EAS Y

LESSON 47 Reduplication. Only prepositions cannot be reduplicated. By repeating a word an indefinite plural is obtained which embraces the various species and actions referred to or may imply lack of special aim in a verb. Both adjectives and adverbs arc often reduplicated for emphasis, which may be rendered by 'very' or 'ever', By duplication descriptive words are fanned which owe

their origin to some resemblance to or characteristic d erived from the parent form. Frequently, only the first consonant of the original word is repeated, followed by the toneless ~ (er) sound. VOCABULARY everywhere rata-rata rata flat, level kaya.kaya very r ich kaya rich tajam-tajam tajam vcrr. sharp sha'P all inds of rupa-rupa .-up. form, appearance hijau-hijau greenish hijau green kayak-koyak kayak in rags to tear to take heed ingat-ingat ingat to remember hidup-hidup all alive hidup alive rasa-rasa an opinion to feel, to taste .as" semut-sbnyt pins and s~mut an ant or sesemtit needles NOTES ON EXERC ISE I . Bdlanda, Dutc11, foreign. Ayer Wlalld~ , soda (I.). 2. Apa ·~p:I, all, whatever, anything, from apa, what. 3. Mana·mana, everywhere, wherever, hom mana, where. 4. B~r:lUg.ly.Jr.lDg, gQOOs articles, bclolliings, luagage . • 5. Buat.buat, to pretend, 'from buat, to do, to make. 6. Satu-satu, one by one. Oua-dua, by t>,\'OS, both. 7. Kira.kin , accounts, reckoning, from kira, to calculate. 8. Kuda.kuda, or kAuda, a trestle, from kuda, a horse. 9. Betul·hetul, the tru th, from Wtul, correct. Reduplicated adverbs of manner are used generally with verbs in the imperative mood. Baik-baik, careful, from baik, good. 10. Bukan·bub n, that doesn't exist, from bubn, not. II. \Vith colours duplication denotes the nnge, i.e. -ish. 12. Indefinite plurals are not used with numerals.

MAL A Y MA D E EASY

95

EXERCISE

There are all kinds of min- Ada macham-macham ayer eral waters in the shop. belanda 1 di-kedai. TIle well-to-do do not like Orang kaya-kaya ta' suka sakali-kali pakai koyak. in the very least dreSSing in rags. koyak. Take heed of all I say aboul lngat-ingat apa_apa2 saya blachan (prawn paste). kata darihal belachan. W herever one goes there is Mana-manaa orang pergi water everywhere, . ada-Iah ayer rata·rata. There are all sorts of goods Ada rupa-ntpa barangin the stores . baran~ dulam gudang. It is my opinion that he is Rasa ·rasa saya dia ada buat· only pretending. buat~ saja. The two Japanese ladies Nesan dua-dua! boleh naile ka·atas sekarang buat can go upstairs now and do the accounts, kira-kira.7 This left hand is aching Tangan sa-belah kiri ini w i.th pins arfd needles. . sakit s
99

,,

Pmgarang1 buku ni, ikut pakaian 3 -nya, orang Menila. P~nchuri senapang sudah kenn tangkap di-Ambun. Kolera e itu satu ¢nyakit yang amat jahat. Bawa ~nyapu3 sapu k~luar kotor ini, Mansor. Saya ~akit tadi s6bab makan makanan tabaik. Ada banyak bangsn ikall dalam lautan. Tulisan-n ya ta'chantek dan karangan 4 _nya ta'pakai. Di-Ubun Wi ada dua tigapuloh macham buoh. buaJlon. Di-Iarang masok. Apa pekb'jaan Tuan (or Mastar) di-Medan dolu? Saya buka hotel }epun. Pada ~rasaan saya buatan-o ya kurang baik. Engkau mesti ikut hukum k&ajaan. K~daian orang Eropah banyak betul ia-itu~ ambit dati pokok minyak nipah. Saya tabb'apa ingat apa k~ alahan orang salah yang kMua.' was. y.mg pt'!rtama,' In the first place, he de- Pasal keMndak1 -nya nak chari sires to look for a windlass, putaran,· Abdullah. Abdullah. We want to see a ronggeng Kitn mau tengok p(!rmainan8 ronggeng ini malam. (dance) show to-night.

The author of this book, by his clothes. is a Filipino. The gun thief has been arrested in Amboyna. Cholera is an extremely malignant disease. Bring a broom and sweep out this ,filth, Mansoor. I was ill just now through eating some bad food. There are many kinds of fish in the ocean. H is writing is ugly and the composition useless. In this plantation there are twenty or thirty kinds of fruit. No admittance. What was your business in Medan, Sir (or Master)? I ran a Japanese hotel. It seems to me that it's poorly made. You must obey the government's orders The cleverness of Europeans is great, indeed, i. e. getting oil (fuel) from the nipah-palm. I don't quite remember what the second accused's crime

100

MALAY

MADE EASY

LESSON 50 Derivative Verbs.

Derivative verbs are fonned from verbal roots and other parts of speech by the use of affixes. (Page 102.) The prefix me with its modifications, expresses an action and is used to form verbs from olher parts of speech, as well as to affix to verbs in composition and in polite conversation but seldom in the coDoquial. The prefix bE!r when added to a word expresses a state or condition and forms an intransitive verb, or a verbal adjective meaning 'having' or ·possessing'. The prefix ter to a verb denotes a past participle or a completed action with often a hint of the accidental. The prefix per creates causative verbs often with kan. The suffix kan-derived from akan, to, towards, creates transitive verbs out of nouns, adjectives and intransitive verbs, and may also be added to a transitive one. EXAMPLES

a hom to rub to fold a beard a root to extinguish to poUT to teach strong a noise

tandok gosok lipat janggut akar padam luang ajar kuat bunyi

mennndok mE!nggosok

to gore to rub down ~rlipat to be in folds bm-janggut bearded having roots bt!rakar extinguished tt'!:rpadam powed out tertuang ajarkan to instruct m6nguatkan to strengthen bunyikan to sound

NOTES ON EXERCISE I . Bl r can also imply repctition and whcn I)rcfixcd to :l llulUcral or fc.duplicated 1I0\ln me1 ns 'in', Bfribu, in thousands (81 only before an initial f). IUrdua. in N"05. llit:mg bl"rtiga, to come in a party of three. 8crlip;lt·li~t, in folds. 2. iCaJl may be uscd with the root form in thc imperative. 3. Plrhabis, to fi nish off. Pfrhati, to notice. 4. The suffix i is occasionally mct with an1'l turns nouns and adjectives into transitive verbs, c.g. plrbai1o:i, to makc good . It is sometimes intcrchangeablc witll 1o:3n, but ill olhcr cascs it altcrs the Ineaning. l\1:engubat U Il, or meugubati, to doctor. Mfnjalanbn, to start up, but mlnjaiani, to travel over.

MALAY

MADE

EA~Y

101

EXERCISE

That bull is given to goring people, Said. The syce is going to go and rub down the horse. Send this handkerchief back nicely folded. He is not very old yet but he has a beard. Look for young wild plants that have roots. He owes me thousands of dollars still. The wind was exceedingly strong, and so all the lamps were blown out. Water poured out if not drunk will be wasted. Teach him to become a hairdresser like yourself. As you like. This medicine will strengthen the body. Drink it up. Observe carefully how he writes a letter in Jawi. Sound the bell louder; it has been mended. At the time you came, brother Haron, J had begun to shave myself. A person just after childbirth cannot work at starting up an engine. The Doctor has gone off to treat some people in their homes.

Umbu jantan itu biasa mtnnndok orang, Said. Sais mau pergi menggosok kuda nanti. Kirim sapu tangan ini balek berlipat baile·baile. Dia belum Mrapa tua lagi tetapi sudah berjanggut. Chari aDak pokok hutan yang sudah berakar. Dia berhutang beribu-ribut ringgit Jagi kapada aku. Angin telampau kuat. rnenjadi semua lampu sudnh terpadam. Ayer tl!rluang kalau ta' minulJl t6rbuang. Ajarkan 2 dia jadi tukang gooting rambut macham diri sendiri. 'Mana suka. Ubat ini akan menguatkan hadan. Minum plrhabis.' P&hatikanS bagaimana ia menulis surat Jawi. Bunyikan locheng koat lagi; sudah di_pttbailci,4 Pada waktu abang Hamm datang saya sudah mulai ~rchukor.

Orang baru lepas beranak ta' boleh bikerja minjalankan4 eoji.o.

Tuan Doktor sudah bi!rjalnn mengubati 4 orang di-rumah-nya.

IOZ

MALAY

MADE

EASY

THE ME, PER AND BER PREFIXES The verbal prefix ml changes for the sake of euphon y according to the initial letter of the root word. M6 remains me before 1, m, n, ny, or r. Mi! becomes mem before h, or p, dropping p. Mt'! becomes nren before ch, d, i, or t, dropping t. Me becomes meng before a vowel, or g. h, k, dropping k. Me becomes meny before s, dropping s. As the appropriate modification is invariably 'used, the root form of a roll derivative is usually obvious. A few common verbs are always found in the derived form. but the root may be in use as well, i.e.: m~nangis, to cry. and also nangis, to weep. from tangis. mertari, to dance, h om tari; tari-menan, dancing. In the case of re-duplicated verbs, where the meaning is generalized or reciprocal, me is affixed to the second half, i.e. bacha-membacha, reading, or pukul-mbnuku1, to exchange blows, hut mimbacha·bacha means 'just' reading and m~nllngis-nangis, 'continual' crying. M~ derivatives are usually transitive verbs, which can be regarded as being in the infinitive mood or as baving participial force. They are never used in the imperative mood nor in the passive voice. A considerable number of verbal roots do not take the m~ prefix at all, but usage is the on1y guide. Both the transitive suffixes kan and i may be affixed to m6 derivatives, more especially when these latter are formed from parts of speech other than verbs. The pre6x per, plus the suffi x kan or i, is applied to some root words to form transitive verbs which may then become m(! derivatives. especially in literature. , P~rbaiki, or mmtperbaiki. to mend, to improve. P(!ranakkan, or mbnperanakkan, to beget young . . The prefix bf!r with a verb implies that the subject per~ fo rms the action himself or upon himself, the derivative being an infinitive or a present participle. B~chukor, to shave oneself; iK!rchampor, mixing. Bf!r, prefixed to a noun, forms an intransitive verb. B~rkampong, to assemble; ~rguna, to he of use.

MALAY

MADE

EASY

103

TIlE ME AND PE DERIV ATlVES

•

A TABLE OF MODIFICATIONS

to forget lupa meJ.upakan ~I upa forgetful to drink minum mlminum pmiinum a drunkard to advise nasiliat mmasihat ~nasihat an adviser to sing nyanyi mmyanyi penyanyil a minstrel to pirate rompak m6rompak ~rompak a pirate m(!mbuat p6rbuatan2 act, deed to do buat to hit pukul mlmukul pt!mukul a hammer to steal churl m6nchuri pm.churi a thief to sit dudok m~ndudok plndudok inhabitant to sell jual mmjual p6:ljuaI a salesman to write tulis m6nulis p(!nulis a writer to teach ajar mmgajar plngajarA . an instructor to spell eja m6ngeja ejaan4 spelling to tie ileat mtngikat p(!ngikat a bond to treat ohat m~ngobati ptngooot a balm mmgukor ukoran4 measurement to measure ulcor to dig gali m~nggali p6nggali a spade to escort hantu m~ nghantar ptnghantar a guide to dirty lrotor m~ngotorkan p(!ngotor untidy to sweep sapu mmyapu pmyapu a broom NOTES

"

1. Tukang Dyanyi, a singer. PI derivatives denoting the agent or instrument are often replaced by natUial nouns or compounds, whilst the verbal fonn may sbnd both for the implement and the work it performs, i.e. sapu, a broom. 2. The prefix plr, with or without the suffilt an, fonns nouns, which, if from verbal roots, denote the resultant of the action named. and if from other parts of speech, denote a quality associated with the root word. Plm5:ilp, a censer. 3. The prefilt pi, with or without the suffilt an, involves the use of modifications to the initial letter of the root word, e.g. plngajamn, teaching, instruction; but pliajanm, knowledge, from bliajar, to learn . 4. The luffilt an crates both nou ns and adjectives. e.g. ta1i ukOCID . a b pe·measure; orang paoggiian, a guest. It can be suffixed to a 1l0UD to create another conbining some resemblance to the fint, e.g. rambutan, a shaggy fruit, from rambut, hair, and if added to re.duplicated words indicates the whole dan or range, e.g. buah·buaun, all sorts of fruit.

104

MALAY

MADE

MALAY MADE

EASY

Like plates and dishes dashing at the slightest lack of care-The continual bickerings of an ill-assorted pair. Bagai pinggan dengan mangkok, salah sl!dikit hl!ndak

(Extracts from 'Malay Pautuns', by A. W. Hamilton.)

•

t~rantok.

The onlooker may be in his most sympathetic state, But the shoulder 'neath the burden is the one to feel the weight. B~apa b&-at mata ml!manclang bl!rat juga bahu mmillrul. There is fine as well as wet: Some day I'll get even yet. Ada hujan ada panas, ada hari boteh balas. To sit like a frog 'neath a coconut shellThe smug stay-at-homes who in ignorance dwell. Se~rti katak di-bawah tbnpurong. Were there no breeze the trees would not quiverBut for a fire there is no smoke soever. Kalan tiada angin ta' akan pokok ~rgoyang. A debt of gold we can repay; Kindness indebts till OUf dying day. Hutang mas boleh di-bayar, hutang budi di·bawa mati. Pleasure 6rst with pain to followSinful joys which lead to SOITOW. SMap dabulu sakit kem.udian. Where do ants die but in sugar?Men risk ruin for their pleasure. Di-mana semut mati kalau tidak dalam gula? NOTE; Terantok, to clash . Bahu, a shoulder. Kabk, a frog. Tempurong, a coconut·shell. Goyang, to shake. Budi, kindness. Sldap, pleasant.

105

MALAY QUATRAINS

MALAY PROVERBS (Extracts 'from 'Malay Proverbs', by A. W, Hamilton ,)

EASY

•

•

.'

LOVE'S COMMENCEMENT Whence the dove on outstretched pinion? From the swamp to 6elds apart. Whence the dawn of love's dominion? From the eye it 6res the heart. Dari mana punai melayang? Dati paya turun ka.,padi. Dari mana datang sayang? Dari mata turon ka-hati. HOPE SURPASSING However high the palm . tree stretches, Higher still is smoke of fire. However high Mount Ophir reaches, Higher still my heart's desire, Berapa tinggi puchok pinang, Tinggi lagi asap api. Berapa tinggi Gunong Ledang, Tinggi lagi harap hnti. DEPARTED DAYS On Penang's isle the town is new, Where Captain Light was harbour-master, Pass not the old times in review, Lest welling tears bl;lt How the faster. Pulau Pinang bandar-nya barn, Kapitan Light menjadi shahbandar. Jangan di-kenang zaman dulu, Dudok mengalir ayer mata. NOTES; I. Pantnn, a quatrain consisting of two coupitts, the latter of which com'e}'S tlle meaning, wh ilst the former "forms a foil or suggestive setting. 2. Punai, the green pigeon. ' Mllayang, to float down. Paya, a swamp. Puchok, leaf tips. Gunong, a mountain. Kllnang, to dwell upon. Zaman, a period. Ml"ngalir, to flow.

106

MALAY

SYLLABIC VOCABULARY C = Chinese; 0 = Dutch; E = English; H = Hindustani; J = Indonesian; J = Java nese; P = Portuguese.

basket

bo kh

,bo~

'0

according accoun t accustomed

,cl"

kin hi.

SolI

-

51 bI lllIl,

""'"

"

i kut

sa kit

tun 00b pfr ka fa

"'d affair affection afraid after

.

,w

•

..

ta kot

I, pu

.!u bis

(later)

I.

"" (nex t) afternoon

J.

aga iu

'g' .go

hi Ia kana

~"

Jail

April, D. An b areca·n ut arm (fore)

jan ji hi dup

51 mu a 51 aa 1a 51 ka Ii an

" " allow

uri

" (let) almost alone already although 1. a1""";;'5 Americ:om among

bi I f !urn pit

.... nna ru "'b

SUlli aoll·pun

mls ki·pun 51 la lu a me ri un di·tl", ah daD, wa =~h

bin a tana ka cbau

, nb

"na ..

b ng kap

tu hng. ju ru ~ik

,,'

"= .,..ta

"

"""

'u

as l.: 'for

au gus tus ja sa

B

,.

.... E.D.

....,' ",, "

ball, P. bamboo, H. bana na bantle boIn , E.D.

"'''' " ,k

",=1

rosin

•

min

August, D. awake

,." (putrid )

~me

sam pal

artisan ascend ashamed

bacon, E .O . bad (wicked)

pu kul chan tck f:a 5:11, pa sal (reason) .. ..b Urana

k. Ii lin&

,=, an i,'c

.., k

b han

beautiful because

pi naD&:

around

bah)", E .O .

" (bathing bath place) (bilk) D . b'" " IIll1n di bathe b:i tek batik ",=, P' od,'" bo bchaDi:

"". "", "",

$I mut ru P' 'P riI

appearllllCC

udi

,11

angry animal annoy

au kl mu di an

u mor

agreement alh'e

,.d

k~(u)di

ano tller( mo re) 13 ,i (different) bin " ja WliIIb answer

..,

bdi bi Ia kani be kin, spek ja hat jl lek bu sok bek, las

..

"'m

bu pi sang

g. . . . .

benk, bank

....

tong ung

ku lit mang kok

Note.-Letten in brackets are omitted i. speech.

I.

bed (sleeping' place) be(h pread, D. bee r, E.O . before {fronl} (formerly) bet in be ind believe bell, C. below

bolt " (waist) bench, P . beside betel·leaf be tween

"tim'" bob

ba kol kI no jaDe tim pat·man di

A able

107

VOCABULARY

EASY

MADE

be ....;re

•

1.

b~'clc, E.

D.

big' b ill " (reckoning)

ka r' na ja di

tam paMi dot slprai biT dl pan d (ah)u lu mil

Iai

blla bni pir cha ya 10 cheng

'" ~h ta Ii· ping gang bani 1m sa·hi lah si reh di.Ung ah an tao ra ja sa a ti-a Ii bai si kal 56 pc da hi", ki I'll rek en ing

D. b ird biscuit, E. M .M .!:.- 9

hu ron£; his kot

biscuit, D. (crisp)

bite"

gi ,it pa (h)it hi tam $I Ii Dlut

bitter black blanket """ d boo, .. (sh ip's) D. boatswain, H.

D.

body" boil

" (water)

~k, E.D. ~m

p.

borrow bottle, E. bottom

howl bo,

.

~y

'" $;1 mP"p.m W' ito chi

01 =,

"'" =u

'" "'. r' bus

(bubble)

~t

his knit U w poll.

i=' D.

Olin dj deb rna salt

bu ku su rat, ki tab. ka sut 51 pI tu Ia hir pin jam ho tol .. ~h mang kok pi"

ko tak d~

hu dak ,,(servan t) E .D. boy. jong os. ,,(young) P. sin yo bracelet &1 lani brand, H . chap brave hi ra ni hread, H . to ti b",k pi chah ",bb " (in two) " (0'[ rope) pu tus bright til rang bring ba ""a b= d Ie bar broker, E. hi ro kar D. rna U la~ br;,'t h er (elder) a bani (Tamil)

H.

J.

....

"'""' '

108

VOCABULARY

brother (younger) a del: " (Tamil) bm .. brush, E. hi ... I. si kat " H. buckd, bal di

D.

·buHd

om be< i kat sa m seng ba kar

bully

bum

",'" E. bus,

"

hm

business b" butter, P. button, E.

..

b"

= m

kff ja

ti ta pi mIn te aa hu tang lean china: bI Ii

(bolt)

by

o leh, dek

C cabbage, E.D . c:abin, E .D.

cabobs, cake

.

J.

E.

calculate

"'''

camera

D.

a~' (able) I.

ko bis, kol ke bin, hut

u"

,,'

ki ra

pana-

gil

pi ti-gam hcJr

1ro ""

bul'"

hi sa ~~d1e Ii lin ko lek ko pi ah (Mala y) song kok tan jong apb in, E. kap taD D. kapi ten card, ED. kat, kal tu care (heed) pi du Ii J. plr du Ii ca;riage (ca rt) kI re ta (gig) beD di (pony) I . sa do

"'"" "'P.. "P'

...

cony

" (on sh oulder)

-case (court)

.

E.

"'~ pi kul hi cha ,~

Jl1

cinema ~

wang-tu nai

" D. " cashier, D.

kon tan ka sir

,,'

•

1m china:

catch cattle ""ty

""~ .. .

tallg kap Mm h u bti pa sal, & sal

. "'''

(r~son)

ceiling, E.

"

si linK

pb

D.

cement, KO. cen t, E.O. centre

fOD

si men, 54 men

,

·, ' '.

P.

chetty, H. chicken child chilli " (peppers)

" J.

se

10D

..... .,.,...

nn tai U IU si

sam pin tu kar

rn,

• JI,

-

rnb

ke ju che ti

a oak chi Ii, la cia

cha bai 10m bo.

chimney, E. chim oj (lamp) D . gIaS-lam po Chinese chi na C. ti ong.ho a (doctor) ~" ~ chocolate, R.D. cbo ki lat cholera, E.D. ko Ie ra chopper pa faD,i Christian, E. kris ti an D. his ten Christmas, E. kis mis church, p . gl re ia cigar, E .D. si gar (cheroot) chi rot

T

·

",
.....

P"

"''''a

114 late " I. • (slow) D.

laugh " I. lawyer, E. "

D.

bat

lam

]i wat

t.

lat

"'taWIII

lock

pa kif roJ

" D. locker

10 "at

Ic;lrll

hi Ia jar ku lit

las

wlln

leave, H.

elm ti " (furlough) D . p4"r lop ki ri ka ki

left leg lemon

Ii mau I.

ill" rok (lin jam

less

eli am

xu raug

hi af, ka s.i .. (go) I. pas lettcr $U rat " (alphabe t) hl! roE, hu lUI' Ic\"cl I'll la licence, E. bi sen " (pennit ) D. pir mit lid tu tup

du dok ling ad ha li kun c hi .. 10, ko tal: pan jaoe. b teng ok Ii (h)at ia g:a

" (d well )

.. (reside) liver

lUll

lea th er

1i\"c

tlr ta wa

lazy leaf

Icl;d

1

V OCA DUL A RY

long

m,

long time look .. (see)

" (after) (out) I.

"

,

100'" lorry, E.O. lose loss love low

.. (untruth ) I. lift

light

" J.

" (set) " (fire) ligh ter " (barge) C.

like " (kind)

" (as) lime limit liqueur, D.

list, E.D. listen

little (few)

"

..

bo bong jus ta allg kat

ring an ell teng pa sang a pi tons kang toa ko su ka m!l cbam 54 pilI Ii ka por bing ga

so pi lis, Jais ding ar

kI chil 54 di kit sik it

•

.

rup.>

.. A

\

:

M

machine, E.

D.

mad

madam, E.

"

r.

magistrnte. E. ..

D.

]a

mom nyo nYlih ilia j is tret

bn "'" " (Islamic) ka th i maiden a nak.da rao pi ra wan " J. maidscrvant, J. ba bu ma il, E.D. mol main (grea t) majesty tu an ku maloe bi kin, bu at Malaoo ri I. 00 ri Malay m" la yu " (script) ia wi male jan tan man (person) Orang " (male) Ia ki·1a ki

many

m,p

E.

tu .. mas tal ti kar

" (awning) matches, E.

ka jallg rna chis

" matter mattress

lui

..

ko rek4 pi

D.

May,. D . m eam ng

meo'

m echanic m edicine

m '" messenger, P. " (office·bor)

" D.

m~d (h eed)

ti lam bol sak m ai

Ir ti da ging til ka og U

bat,

0

bat

jurn pa pi un tim bi o P"

ting ah

lidi

ootu rna 'I, pal

su ke !alii

SII

gi lilli an ki sar an

mil yun ju ta po! du Ii

t.

min ister (sta te) min Ti minute, E.D. mi nit mirror chlr min

, ,

•

~"" du it pa jak bu Ian moo. bu lao morc 16 beb, Ia &i IIl2 kin " . (the) momlng pa gi nlosqui to n )'ll mok " curta in U bill bu most sahli pa ling " 1. mak, i mak mother motorcar, E 1110 to kar " (au to) D . o to, mo bil mous tache mi sai mu lut mouth m uch ba nyak mud lum por multiply pu kul mls ti. mis ti must mustard, E. mls tad mOl til " D. N pa ku "a ma bis mil lah " ep kill " (scrviette)D. sill bet

nail

name " (of Cod) na pkin, E. natul1llly

neo,

Cle m :lIl !j:

dl:i kat ham pit'

1.

.. ,ru. rni 5i

nea rl y necessary, I.

"

I.

no ••

. ttk

Ie ber

sa lab 5i bp I n eheJc:

. «d needle never

u sah ja rum

m'm

n~

ba(ha) ru k(b)a oo.r

'tIlismke

Mi~ter (Malay) mistress, E, mix

•

sl nen

Monday money " (doit) D. monopolr , D. mon th

"

M iss, E.

jan hln ba uyak

gamool M arch, D . m'rt mark (tradc) H . cl"p

m aster

" I. " (band) million, E .D.

D"

m.

'" g , b (h ) win

mm y

middle '1llidnb (leaf) mile (stone) " E .D . '1llilk mill

me sh in rna sin

2"i

O12rket

" m"

.,., I. ,

10 ri hi lang ru gi ka reh lio dail

let

lie

W~

,

'f

115

VOCAB U LARY

c ham por

"

(stir)

"

l.

M ohammedan moment "

ago

ka chan ka chok is lam

!Jews

.,,' " l.

J.

nice,

sa·1ei jap

night

sa·hln tar ta di

nine

"

(last )

pir lu

ta'-pEr nah dfl pan

d,i·mu ka e nak ma lam sa·ma bm $1m b i Ian

116 nipah-palm no .. noISC

noiW nose not " yet note (oonl:), E. notice, E. nought, E.D. .. (void) November, D.

oi pab ti dale bu Un bu uyi bi sin& hi doug ti dale, ta' bf 10m

ou,

Dot

owo

pu oya

no tis si par, uul ko song

owner

tu an '1"01 bu sa pi

no vem bit $I lea rang nom bor

now num ber, E.

" ..

D. DO mOl (figure) an&: ka

nurse, ED. nas, $U.S tlr nursemaid, H . ay ab " (Chinese) .a mab. .. (Ja ..... nese) ba bu

o obolite) )'ou ng

sI dang Ilna: ab lJU leb

youth

rod> bi Ia a pn,bi la

"".

.. you

" I. " (bachelor)

ta

(h)1l1!

ku !ling

sa,ma lam ma rin

eng kall, kau

ko we, lu hang lea nm, a wak mn da hu d>. lea chOIll a nak·li ru na