Liners in Battledress: Wartime Camouflage and Colour Schemes for Passenger Ships

IN BATTLEDRESS

WARTIME CAMOUFLAGE A~D COLOUR SCHE;IES FOR PASSENGER SIIIPS DAVID WILLIAMS

Wartime Camouflage and Colour Schemes for Passenger Ships

David Williams

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Europa, weal-ing the dazzle colouring which had been applied for her participation in Operation Sealioll. (United States National Archives)

Vanwell Publishing Limited St. Catharines, Ontario Lewiston, New York

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Painting is the most astounding S01'ceress. She can persuede us through the most evidentjalsehoods that she is pure truth. Jean Eti nne Liotard

Contents Acknowledgements Introduction 1. The Victorian Age 2. World War I 3. World War ll, Before and After Appendices 1. Eastman Kodak, USA Approved Interim Camouflage Schemes, World War I 2. Admiralty Standard Colours, Disruptive Pattern and Standard Schemes, World War II 3. nited States Navy Official Measures, World War II 4. Compari on of Model Viewing Facilities 5. Biographies of ome Key Camouflage Personalities

© David Williams

1989

First published in Great ~ritain in 1989 by Conway j\'laritime Press Ltd 24 Bride Lane, Fleet Street London EC4 Y 8J)1~ Published and distributed in the United States of America and Canada by Van\\'ell Publishing Limited. P.O. Box 2131. Stn.B St. Catharines, ON L2j\16P5 and P.O. Box 1207 Lewiston. Nell' York 14092 All rights reserved. nauthorised duplication contravenes applicable laws. ISBN 0-920277-50-0 j\'lanufactured in Great Britain

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Research 1. Bibliography 2. Sources

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Glossary of Terms 1. Camouflage and Technical Terms 2. Terms used in Naval Camouflage

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Index

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Aclmowledgements

Acknowledgements The successful completion of any book depends to a great extent on the help given by others, often correspondents on the other side of the world who are rarely known personally by the author. This book is no exception; I have been the beneficiary of much valuable assistance and enthusiastic support in writing about this very complex and technical subject, and I can assure the reader that any inaccuracies are entirely my own. It would be impossible to list here everyone I have spoken or wlitten to in the course of preparing the book. However, there are a number of persons and organisations whom I should like to mention for their especially generous help. For supplying me with vital photographs and information, a special thank you to five long-term friend and correspondents: Frank Braynard, Richard de Kerbrech, Arnold 1