Light Shadow Space: Architectural Rendering with Cinema 4D®

~ SpringerWienNewYork ?fijkJfe[\idXee C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\i`e^n`k_:`e\dX+; SpringerWienN...

Author: Horst Sondermann

158 downloads 1049 Views 12MB Size Report

This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!

Report copyright / DMCA form

DOWNLOAD PDF

~ SpringerWienNewYork

?fijkJfe[\idXee C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

SpringerWienNewYork

Gif]\jjfi8iZ_%?fijkJfe[\idXee =XZlckpf]8iZ_`k\Zkli\Xe[;\j`ê Le`m\ij`kpf]8ggc`\[JZ`\eZ\ JZ_\ccè^jki%)+#.'(.+Jklkk^Xik K_`jnfib`jjlYa\ZkkfZfgpi`^_k% 8cci`^_kjXi\i\j\im\[#n_\k_\ik_\n_fc\figXikf]k_\dXk\i`Xc`jZfeZ\ie\[#jg\Z`]`$ ZXccpk_fj\f]kiXejcXk`fe#i\gièkè^#i\$lj\f]`ccljkiXk`fej#YifX[ZXjkè^#i\gif[lZk`fe Ypg_fkfZfgpè^dXZ_è\jfij`d`cXid\Xej#Xe[jkfiX^\è[XkXYXebj% Gif[lZk C`XY`c`kp1 K_\ glYc`j_\i ZXe ^`m\ ef ^lXiXek\\ ]fi k_\ è]fidXk`fe ZfekXè\[ èk_`jYffb%K_\lj\f]i\^`jk\i\[eXd\j#kiX[\dXibj#\kZ%èk_`jglYc`ZXk`fe[f\jefk `dgcp#\m\eèk_\XYj\eZ\f]jg\Z`]`ZjkXk\d\ek#k_XkjlZ_eXd\jXi\\o\dgk]ifdk_\ i\c\mXekgifk\Zk`m\cXnjXe[i\^lcXk`fejXe[k_\i\]fi\]i\\]fi^\e\iXclj\% )''/Jgiè^\i$M\icX^&N`\e Gièk\[è8ljki`X Jgiè^\iN`\eE\nPfib`jXgXikf]Jgiè^\iJZ`\eZ\"9ljè\jjD\[`X jgiè^\i%Xk CXpflkXe[:fm\i;\j`ê1?fijkJfe[\idXee Kpg\j\kkè^èKXjj\I\^lcXiN`[\Xe[9fc[N`[\ KiXejcXk`feèkf<e^c`j_1G\[ifD%Cfg\q#(','M`\eeX#8ljki`X Gièkè^Xe[Yè[è^1?fcq_Xlj\e;ilZbD\[`\e>dY?#((+'M`\eeX#8ljki`X

Gièk\[feXZ`[$]i\\Xe[Z_cfiè\$]i\\Yc\XZ_\[gXg\i JG@E1((0)'(*. :@G[XkXXggc`\[]fi N`k_('-'Zfcfli\[=`^li\j

@J9E0./$*$)(($+/.-($.Jgiè^\iN`\eE\nPfib

KXYc\f]:fek\ekj

@ekif[lZk`fe

:_Xgk\i'(

:è\dX+;×Fm\im`\nXe[EXm`^Xk`fe

:_Xgk\i')

?Xe[cè^Gfcp^fe9f[`\j

)+

:_Xgk\i'*

:88;$@dgfikè^Xe[Df[\cJ\klg

*-

:_Xgk\i'+

C`^_kJfliZ\jè:è\dX+;

,'

:_Xgk\i',

J_X[fnjè:è\dX+;

-)

:_Xgk\i'-

JgXZ\Xe[:\ekiXcC`^_kè^

.'

:_Xgk\i'.

Jlele[;`]]lj\C`^_k@×@ek\i`fiJgXZ\j

/)

:_Xgk\i'/

IffdjXe[@e[ì\ZkC`^_kè^

0'

:_Xgk\i'0

IffdjXe[8ik`]`Z`XcC`^_kè^×=clfi\jZ\ekKlY\j

(''

:_Xgk\i('

IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

((-

:_Xgk\i((

IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip

(*'

:_Xgk\i()

JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@×@ek\i`fif]k_\KfdYXDXd$ Yi\kk`Yp>l`j\gg\K\iiXê`

(+'

:_Xgk\i(*

JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@@×l`j\gg\K\iiXê`

(,'

:_Xgk\i(+

IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@@×JgìXcJkXìZXj\

(.'

:_Xgk\i(,

K\okli\Xe[FYa\Zk×9i`ZbNXcc

(0-

:_Xgk\i(-

Dlck`gXjjI\e[\iè^è:è\dX+;×:fdgfj`kè^è G_fkfj_fg

)(-

Jf]knXi\#Klkfi`Xc=`c\j @e[\o

)*)*.

/

-

@ekif[lZk`fe K_\[\g`Zk`fef]XiZ_`k\Zkli\`jXefc[Xik# `k gcXpj Xe flkjkXe[è^ ifc\ è k_\ Zlc$ kli\f]XiZ_`k\Zkli\Æefkc\Xjkf]Xccn`k_ gifa\Zkjk_Xkn\i\e\m\ii\Xc`q\[%K_\[\$ jì\ kf j_Xg\ k_\ jg_\i\ f] n_Xk `j gfj$ j`Yc\# fi \m\e k_\ m`j`feXip Xjg\Zkj f] X Yl`c[è^jkilZkli\fegXg\i#ZXemXjfife jZi\\eÆk_\fde`gi\j\eZ\f]Zfdglk\ij _Xmè^c\[kfXe\ogfe\ek`XcèZi\Xj\è k_`j[\jì\$`jk_\le[\icpè^dfk`mXk`fe f] k_`j Xik% K_`j dXb\j `k \m\i dfi\ [`]$ ]`Zlck ]fi k_fj\ Zi\Xkè^ k_\j\ [\g`Zk`fej kf [\]è\# [\m\cfg Xe[ _fe\ n_Xk nXj \Xic`\i befne Xj X Èjkpc\#É kf g\i]\Zk`fe% K_\ kffcj Z_Xe^\ Xcc kff hl`Zbcp# Xe[ `k `jeËk \Xjp kf b\\g k_è^j è g\ijg\Zk`m\# fi [`]]\i\ek`Xk\ Y\kn\\e n_Xk `j lj\]lc Xe[lj\c\jj% @kk_\i\]fi\j\\dj[Xiè^kfkipkfdXb\ X _\cg]lc Zfeki`Ylk`fe kf fi`\ekXk`fe è k_\Zfe]ljè^]`\c[f][`^`kXcXiZ_`k\ZkliXc i\e[\iè^ n`k_ X jc`d mfcld\ jlZ_ Xj k_`j%9lkk_\i\Xi\#èYi`\]#knf`dgfikXek i\Xjfej]fin_`Z_@efe\k_\c\jjdX[\Xe Xkk\dgk% =ìjkcp#@nflc[]è[`kXj_Xd\kfefkY\ XYc\ kf lj\ k_\ gfk\ek`Xc f] *; jf]knXi\ ]fi fe\Ëj fne Xik`jk`Z gligfj\j Æ dXafi XiZ_`k\ZkliXc Xjg\Zkj ZXe Y\ m`jlXc`q\[ n`k_`kXcckffn\cc1jgXZ\#Zfcfi#dXk\i`Xc`$ kp#c`^_kXe[j_X[fn%K_\knfcXjkXjg\Zkj Xi\ f] jg\Z`Xc `dgfikXeZ\ è dp m`\n jèZ\ k_\p dXb\ k_\ lj\ f] *; jf]knXi\ dfjk aljk`]`XYc\# n_`c\ k_\ fk_\i Xjg\Zkj Zflc[Xjn\ccY\[`jgcXp\[n`k_Zlii\ekcp XmX`cXYc\:88;jf]knXi\% K_\ j\Zfe[ i\Xjfe ]fi dp nfib `j k_\ [\jì\ kf j\gXiXk\ n_Xk `j giXZk`ZXc Xe[ dXeX^\XYc\]ifdn_Xk`jk\Z_e`ZXccpgfj$ j`Yc\ $ è dp f]]`Z\ Xe[ k\XZ_è^ \og\i`$ \eZ\#XiZ_`k\ZkliXci\e[\iè^è\m\ip[Xp gcXeeè^`jf]k\eXdXkk\if]X]\n[Xpj fi_flij%K_\k\Z_efcf^pèmfcm\[_Xjkf d\\kk_\j\i\hlì\d\ekj#fi`k`jlj\c\jj fk_\in`j\%

Cl[n`^D`\jm%[%If_\#?`^_$I`j\=i`\[i`Z_jkiXjj\#:fdg\k`k`fe<ekip

.

@Z_fj\kflj\:è\dX+;YpDXofekfX[$ [i\jjdp]ìjki\XjfeÆefkc\XjkY\ZXlj\ f]k_\]i\\cXe^lX^\cXpflkj`kZfd\jn`k_% 8[[`k`feXccp#`kf]]\ijXYifX[jg\Zkildf] èk\i]XZ\j ]fi Yfk_ \Xjp XZZ\jj kf :88;$ ^\e\iXk\[ dXk\i`Xc Xj n\cc Xj j\m\iXc \ogfik ]fidXkj ]fi gfjk$gif[lZk`fe gli$ gfj\j% K_\ [\jì\ kf ]`ck\i n_Xk `j lj\]lc è \m$ \ip[Xp c`]\ i\jlckj è X [\c`Y\iXk\ c`d`kX$ k`fe f] k_\ Zfek\ekj2 `k d`^_k Y\ YX]]cè^ k_Xk@[fefk[`jZljjk_\lj\f]IX[`fj`kp fi>cfYXc@ccldèXk`fe èi\cXk`fekfk_\ dfjk`dgfikXekjlYa\Zkj#c`^_kXe[j_X[fn% 9lkèdpfgè`fe#k_\X[[`k`m\#ÈcXZhl\i$ è^#É`%\%cXp\iè^f]è[`m`[lXcc`^_kjn`k_ iXp kiXZè^ `j k_\ dfi\ ÈZiX]kjdXe$c`b\É k\Z_e`hl\#n_`Z_Xccfnj]fi\Xj`\iZfekifc \jg% f] k_\ i\e[\iè^ k`d\ % ?\eZ\ k_\ \oZclj`fe f] >cfYXc @ccldèXk`fe j\\dj aljk`]`\[ kf d\# \jg\Z`Xccp jèZ\ k_\ e\n c`^_kjfliZ\jXmX`cXYc\è:è\dX+;¡j(' m\ij`fe Xci\X[p f]]\ij m\ip ]Xi$i\XZ_è^ i\Xc`jk`Z c`^_k m`jlXc`qXk`fe gfjj`Y`c`k`\j% 8e`dXk`fenXjXcjf\oZcl[\[Æ\oZ\gk]fi X[\kX`cè:_Xgk\i*%@edpfgè`fe#`k`jX jg\Z`Xc`q\[]`\c[k_Xkj_flc[Y\[`jZljj\[ èXj\gXiXk\Yffb% @e]XZk#k_\YffbZfeZ\ekiXk\jfeZi\Xkè^ c`^_kè^j\kj]fi[`^`kXcXiZ_`k\Zkli\df[$ \cj# n_`Z_ @ jlggcp# èZcl[è^ gifdè\ek \oXdgc\j jlZ_ Xj k_\ e\n EXk`feXc >Xc$ c\ipè9\icèYl`ckYpCl[n`^D`\jm%[%If_\# fi k_\ i\df[\c\[ KfdYX DXdYi\kk` Yp >l`j\gg\ K\iiXê`# k_\ èk\i`fi f] n_`Z_ `j]\Xkli\[fek_\Zfm\i% K_\jlYa\Zk`j[`jZljj\[è^\e\iXcèkif$ [lZkfip Z_Xgk\ij fe :è\dX +;# Xj n\cc Xj k_fj\ fe _Xe[cè^ gfcp^fe Yf[`\j# `dgfikè^ ]ifd Xe[ k_fj\ fe c`^_k Xe[ j_X[fn kpg\j è :è\dX +;% @e Zcfjè^# k_\YffbèZcl[\jXZ_Xgk\ifedf[\cè^# k\okliè^ Xe[ dlck`$gXjj i\e[\iè^% K_\ Zi\Xk`fe f] c`^_kè^ df[\cj `j [\jZi`Y\[ jk\gYpjk\gkfdXb\\m\ipjk\gm\i`]`XYc\ Æk_`jdX[\k_\i\g\k`k`fef]Z\ikXèk_è^j leXmf`[XYc\% @ efe\k_\c\jj Z_fj\ k_`j

XggifXZ_ kf \eXYc\ k_\ i\X[\i kf nfib k_ifl^_\XZ_Z_Xgk\iXjXeè[\g\e[\ek le`k n`k_flk _Xmè^ kf c\X] k_ifl^_ k_\ Yffbj\XiZ_è^]fii\]\i\eZ\j% @ejfd\gcXZ\j`knXj`dgfikXekkfd\kf j_fn k_\ gfjk$gifZ\jjè^ gfjj`Y`c`k`\j G_fkfj_fg# 8[fY\Ëj `dX^\$\[`kè^ ZcXj$ j`Z# f]]\ij% K_`j `j k_\ ZXj\ è Z_Xgk\i (-# Dlck`$GXjj I\e[\iè^ Xe[ :fdgfj`kè^# n_`Z_nflc[Y\èZfdgc\k\n`k_flkXi\]$ \i\eZ\kfgfjk$gif[lZk`fegfjj`Y`c`k`\j% K_\]`c\je\\[\[kfnfibfek_\è[`m`[lXc Z_Xgk\ijXi\XcjfXmX`cXYc\Xj[fnecfX[j fek_\@ek\ie\k#gc\Xj\i\X[k_\[\kX`cjXk k_\\e[f]k_\Yffb% Fk_\i`dgfikXek[\kX`cjpflj_flc[dXb\ X efk\ f] Xi\1 k_\ ZfddXe[ b\p `j i\$ ]\ii\[kfXjk_\Zkicb\pfeXDXZ#n_`Z_ @ Xcjf lj\# `k `j k_\ Zd[ b\p # k_\ j\c\Zk b\p `j i\]\ii\[ kf Xj Xck fi fgk b\p fe Z\ikXèDXZj %@XcjfXjjld\k_Xkpfllj\ X dflj\ n`k_ dfi\ k_Xe fe\ b\p% D\X$ jli\d\ekjXi\XcnXpjni`kk\eèXYjkiXZk le`kjn`k_flkd\ki`Z[\j`êXk`fej #jèZ\ :è\dX_Xe[c\jk_è^jk_\jXd\nXp% C`^_k J_X[fn JgXZ\ nXj ]ìjk glYc`j_\[ è >\idXe jgiè^ )''-% K_\ <e^c`j_ \[`$ k`fe# eXkliXccp# [\dXe[\[ `ccljkiXk`fej Y\è^ \oZ_Xe^\[# n_`Z_ gifm\[ kf Y\ X ^ff[fggfikle`kpkfgi\j\ek:è\dX+;¡j i\m`j\[ èk\i]XZ\ è i\c\Xj\ ('% 8ZZfi[$ è^cp#@]\ckfYc`^\[kfi\ni`k\èZi\d\ekj f]k\okkffÆn_`Z_@_fg\^`m\jk_`jYffb \efl^_XZklXc`kplek`ck_\e\okdXafilg$ [Xk\% N`k_k_\j\k_è^jèdè[#@_fg\pfl\e$ afppflii\X[è^%

/

'(

'( ')

:è\dX+;×Fm\im`\nXe[EXm`^Xk`fe @ek_`jZ_Xgk\i#@nflc[c`b\kfdXb\pfl ]Xd`c`Xi n`k_ :è\dX +; _Xe[cè^ giè$ Z`gc\jÆXjfd\n_XkYfc[le[\ikXbè^`] fe\kXb\jk_\jZfg\f]]leZk`fejk_\gif$ îXdf]]\ijèkfXZZflek% ?fn\m\i# `k j\\dj j\ej`Yc\ kf d\ kf Z_ffj\ Z\ikXè ]le[Xd\ekXc Xjg\Zkj Xe[ gi\j\ek k_\d kf pfl kf Xiflj\ pfli Zli`$ fj`kp%K_\epflZXe\ogcfi\k_\[\kX`cjè Y\kn\\e n`k_ k_\ _\cg f] k_\ _Xe[Yffb# n_`Z_ @ _`^_cp i\Zfdd\e[ ]fi ZfejlckX$ k`fegligfj\j%

'*

8 :è\dX +; ]`c\ cffbj c`b\ k_\ `dX^\ XYfm\fepflijZi\\e@cclj%'( ÆXcXi^\ nè[fn è n_`Z_ pfl ZXe j\\ X df[\c# jliifle[\[ Yp X eldY\i f] jdXcc\i nè$ [fnjk_Xkj\\dkfj_fn[\kX`cjf]k_\\c\$ d\ekjèk_\jZ\e\% K_`jkpg\f]]`c\`ji\]\ii\[kfXjXjZ\e\ è *; aXi^fe# k_\ cXi^\ nè[fn `j k_\ m`\ngfik fi fliXl[J_X[$ è^#Hl`Zb$J_X[è^\kZ%ÆXe[èk_\]`\c[ Y\cfn pfl _Xm\ k_\ fgk`fej ]fi cè\ [`j$ gcXpNì\]iXd\#@jfgXidj#\kZ% %

('

((

()

@k`jY\jkkfb\\gk_\cè\[\g`Zk`fej\kfe Nì\]iXd\# Ylk ]\\c ]i\\ kf kip k_\ j_X[$ è^Xck\ieXk`m\j@cclj%('$() % >fliXl[J_X[è^kXb\jk_\cfZXk`fef]k_\ fYa\Zk jli]XZ\j èkf XZZflek n`k_ i\^Xi[ kfk_\c`^_kè^#\`k_\ik_\;\]XlckC`^_kè k_\dfi\fic\jj\dgkpjZ\e\#fin`k_i\$ ^Xi[kf\o`jkè^c`^_kè^jfliZ\j% :fejkXekJ_X[è^[f\jeËki\XZkkfc`^_k[`$ i\Zk`fejXkXcc#èjk\X[#`kj_fnjXccjXd\$ Zfcfi jli]XZ\j n`k_ k_\ jXd\ Yi`^_ke\jj% K_\cè\jj_fnk_\gfcp^fe\[^\j% K_\m`\ngfiknè[fnjZXej_fn[`]]\iè^

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

((

m`\nj#YlkpflZXeXcjflj\fe\m`\ngfik nè[fn kf [`jgcXp j\c\Zk\[ Xe[ efe$j\$ c\Zk\[`k\djè[`]]\i\eknXpj% DXb\ jli\ pfli Zlii\ek m`\n j_fnj X g\ijg\Zk`m\% @k `j Y\jk kf _`[\ k_\ fk_\i m`\ngfik nè[fnj =( % J\c\Zk k_\ :fe]`^$ li\ :fddXe[ Xj pfl ZXe j\\# pfl ZXe Xcjf Z_ffj\ [\]Xlck j\kkè^j ]fi Xcc m`\n$ gfiknè[fnj#@cclj%(* % Pfl ZXe efn j\\ k_\ XmX`cXYc\ [\]Xlck nè[fnj è k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i nè$ [fn fe k_\ cfn\i i`^_k# jfik\[ èkf X eldY\i f] gXe\cj ;`jgcXp# =`ck\i# \kZ%# @c$ clj%(+ %

(*

Pfl ZXe Z_ffj\ j\kkè^j ]fi XZk`m\ Xe[ èXZk`m\ fYa\Zkj è k_\ ;`jgcXp gXe\c% @e k_\ @eXZk`m\ FYa\Zk ]`\c[# Z_\Zb k_\ J\gX$ iXk\ J\kkè^j fgk`fe Xe[ j\c\Zk k_\ Cè\j fgk`fe]ifdk_\J_X[è^d\elpfldXp \m\eklXccp _Xm\ kf Zc`Zb fe k_\ jdXcc ki`$ Xe^c\ jpdYfc e\Xi @eXZk`m\ FYa\Zk kf XZ$ Z\jjk_\j\kkè^j% Efn# gcXZ\ X jg_\i\ j\c\Zk\[ ]ifd k_\ Gi`d`k`m\ FYa\Zkj d\el è k_\ jZ\e\ Æ `k `j j_fne Xj Xe XZk`m\ fYa\Zk# k_\ ZlY\ Æ efnèXZk`m\Æ`j[`jgcXp\[ènì\]iXd\ df[\c@cclj%(, %

(,

:_Xgk\i'(×:è\dX+;×Fm\im`\nXe[EXm`^Xk`fe

(+

()

(-

Efnk_XkpflXi\]Xd`c`Xin`k_k_\i`[Xe[>i`[ cè\% K_`j n`cc dXb\ k_\ Dfm\ kffc jeXg kf gfcp^fe gfèkj n`k_è X iX[`lj f] (' gò\cj% Kfdfm\k_\jli]XZ\YXZbjf`kj]fligfèkj n`ccY\gcXZ\[\oXZkcpfek_\Zfii\jgfe[$ è^ gfèkj f] k_\ ZlY\# pfl ]ìjk _Xm\ kf dfm\ k_\ jè^c\ jli]XZ\Ëj fYa\Zk Xo`j kf fe\ f] `kj Zfie\i gfèkj% <XZ_ fYa\Zk è X:è\dX+;jZ\e\_Xj`kjfnej\kf]Zf$ fi[èXk\Xo\j#efke\Z\jjXi`cpgfj`k`fe\[ n`k_è k_\ fYa\Zk2 `k ZXe Y\ dfm\[ è[\$ g\e[\ekcp]ifdk_\fYa\Zk`kY\cfe^jkf% :_Xe^\ kf k_\ Lj\ FYa\Zk 8o`j Kffc c\]k ZfddXe[YXi#@cclj%)( %N_\ek_\jè^c\ jli]XZ\`jj\c\Zk\[Xe[k_\Dfm\kffcjk`cc Xk_Xe[ #pfldfm\`kjZffi[èXk\jpjk\d lek`c`kjq\ifgfèkjeXgjkffe\f]k_\fY$ a\kËj Zfie\ij% Aljk c\]k$Zc`Zb jfd\n_\i\ èkfk_\i`[fi>i`[cè\fgk`fej èk_\JeXgj\kkè^j#pfln`cc\og\i`\eZ\ ìi`kXkè^jb`gjn_`c\dfmè^k_\Xo\j% Efn pfl n`cc dfm\ k_\ jè^c\ jli]XZ\ `kj\c] Æ Xcc pfl _Xm\ kf [f `j Z_Xe^\ kf k_\Dfm\FYa\Zkkffc@cclj%)* %Efnpfl

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)0

)*

ZXe dfm\ k_\ jli]XZ\ kf k_\ i`^_k gcXZ\ k_\jXd\nXppfldfm\[k_\Xo\jY\]fi\ @cclj%)+ % )+

Pfl_Xm\j\\e_fngfcp^fejli]XZ\jZXe Y\ j\gXiXk\[ Xe[ _fn fYa\Zkj ZXe Y\ dfm\[ Xe[ gcXZ\[ gi\Z`j\cp Æ Xe X[[`$ k`feXckXjbn_`Z_f]k\ee\\[jkfY\jfcm\[ `j kf jZXc\ Xe \ekì\ df[\c kf X î\Xk\i fijdXcc\ij`q\`]jfd\k_è^n\eknife^ n`k_k_\`dgfikjZXc\% K_fl^_k_\ jZXc\ `jeËk i\Xccp [\Z`j`m\ ]fi nfibè^ è :è\dX +;# `k `j ZilZ`Xc pfli df[\c`jeËkkffjdXccfikfcXi^\kfXmf`[ gifYc\djèljè^c`^_kjXe[ZXd\iXj#fi eXm`^Xkè^ k_ifl^_ pfli jZ\e\% Kf dp \og\i`\eZ\# pfl XZ_`\m\ k_\ Y\jk i\jlckj n_\e:è\dXËjle`kjdXkZ_pflidf[\cËj Z\ek`d\k\i le`kj2 j\\ Xcjf :_Xgk\i '*# :88;@dgfikè^Xe[Df[\cJ\klg % N_\e `k Zfd\j kf jZXcè^# pfl efidXccp _Xm\kf[f`k]fiXccpfligfcp^fefYa\Zkj kf^\k_\i# jf è fli jXdgc\ jZ\e\ pflËcc _Xm\ kf jZXc\ k_\ Ycl\ ZlY\ Xe[ k_\ i\[ jli]XZ\% @ek_\]ìjkgcXZ\#pfln`ccîflgYfk_fY$ a\ZkjÆj\c\Zkk_\fYa\Zkjèk_\iflg FYa\Zkj ZfddXe[ ]ifd k_\FYa\Zk d\el @cclj% ), % K_`j `j X ]leZk`fe pfl befn ]ifd fk_\i gifîXdj Xe[ Z_Xgk\i '( #Ylk:è\dX+;ZXe[fXcfkdfi\_\i\1 `kZi\Xk\jXZfekXè\i#Xjf$ZXcc\[ElccFY$ a\Zkèn_`Z_k_\j\c\Zk\[fYa\ZkjXi\b\gk Xj jlY$fYa\Zkj @cclj% ), % K_\ ZfekXè\i ZXe Y\ i\eXd\[ c`b\ X efidXc fYa\Zk X]$

:_Xgk\i')×?Xe[cè^Gfcp^fe9f[`\j

k\i[flYc\$Zc`Zbè^fe`kjeXd\èk_\FY$ a\ZkDXeX^\i % N_Xk `j dfjk `dgfikXek `j k_Xk k_\ Elcc FYa\ZkXcjf_XjXZffi[èXk\jpjk\d#c`b\ fk_\i fYa\Zkj% 8cc k_\ \[`k ZfddXe[j Æ Dfm\#IfkXk\#jZXc\ZXeY\Xggc`\[kfk_\ Elcc FYa\Zk Xe[ k_\ jlYfi[èXk\ fYa\Zkj `kZfekXèj%

)),

*'

)/

).

Efn#kfjZXc\Yfk_gfcp^feYf[`\jXkk_\ jXd\ k`d\ Xe[ n`k_ k_\ jXd\ ]XZkfi# Xcc pfl_Xm\kf[f`jjZXc\k_\ElccfYa\Zk% 9\]fi\[fè^jf#pflj_flc[[\Z`[\n_`Z_ gfèk f] k_\ df[\c j_flc[ i\dXè è `kj fi`^èXc gfj`k`fe# Xe[ k_\e dfm\ gfèk q\iff]k_\ElccËjZffi[èXk\jpjk\dkf`kj gfj`k`feY\]fi\jZXcè^% DXb\ jli\ k_\Elcc FYa\Zk`j j\c\Zk\[ @c$ clj%)0 Xe[k_Xkk_\Dfm\kffcXe[FYa\Zk 8o`jkffcXi\XZk`mXk\[@cclj%). % K_\e [iX^ k_\ Xo`j Zifjj f] k_\ Elcc FY$ a\Zkkfk_\YXZblgg\iZfie\if]k_\ZlY\ @cclj%)/ %

)0

*'

*(

?Xm\ X cffb Xk k_\ :ffi[èXk\j gXe\c è k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i k_\ Elcc j_flc[ jk`ccY\j\c\Zk\[ Xe[lj\k_\jXd\jZXc\ j\kkè^]fiXcck_i\\Xo\jJ%O#J%P#J%Q4,# @cclj% )0 % <XZ_ Z_Xe^\ n`cc `dd\[`Xk\cp Y\ [`jgcXp\[ è k_\ fej# n_`Z_ dXb\j `k gfjj`Yc\ kf ^\k Zf_\i\ek jli]XZ\jn`k_dfi\k_Xe]fliZfie\ij% Pfl ZXe Xcjf kip flk k_\ D\ck ZfddXe[ =leZk`fejd\el#@cclj%*- %

:_Xgk\i')×?Xe[cè^Gfcp^fe9f[`\j

*+

*, *-

*)

8k k_\ Y\^èeè^ f] k_\ Z_Xgk\i n\ jXn _fn gXik f] X gfcp^fe fYa\Zk ZXe Y\ jki`gg\[f]]Xe[ki\Xk\[XjXeè[`m`[lXc \ek`kp%K_`jZXeY\lj\]lcn_\eZi\Xkè^X c`^_kè^j\klgèn_`Z_jè^c\jZ\e\jli$ ]XZ\ji\hlì\è[`m`[lXcc`^_kè^% @egièZ`gc\#k_\jXd\Xggc`\jkfk\okliè^1 jfd\k`d\j pfl e\\[ kf XccfZXk\ X dXk\$ i`Xc kf fecp X gXik f] Xe fYa\ZkËj jli]XZ\ Æ k_èb f] ]lie`kli\ jlZ_ Xj k_\ I`\km\c[ Z_Xì#n_`Z__Xj[`]]\i\ekZfcfijli]XZ\j% J\gXiXkè^ gfcp^fej k_\ nXp pfl [`[ `k XYfm\`jefke\Z\jjXipèjlZ_XZXj\Æ`k `j dfi\ \c\^Xek kf nfib n`k_ j\c\Zk`fej jèZ\ :è\dX +; \eXYc\j pfl kf c`d`k X dXk\i`XckfXj\c\Zk\[jli]XZ\% 8j Xe \oXdgc\# Xggcp knf dXk\i`Xcj kf k_\ ZlY\ Æ fe\ dXk\i`Xc j_flc[ fecp Y\ m`j`Yc\fek_\i`^_kj`[\#n_`c\k_\fk_\i j_flc[Xgg\Xifek_\i\dXèè^jli]XZ\j% :c`Zb fe k_\ ZlY\Ëj i`^_k j`[\ kf j\c\Zk `k i\d\dY\i1 k_\ ZlY\ fYa\Zk `kj\c]# k_\ C`m\ J\c\Zk`fe kffc Xe[ k_\ Gfcp^fe kffc _Xm\kfY\XZk`mXk\[j\\@cclj%'.#'/ Xe[ Z_ffj\ J\k J\c\Zk`fe ]ifd k_\ J\c\Zk`fe d\el @cclj% *. % K_`j `j _fn pfl jXm\ X j\c\Zk`feè:è\dX+;%

*.

*/

*0

K_\fYa\Zkk_Xkpfl_Xm\j\c\Zk\[Xj`[\ f]`jdXib\[n`k_Xi\[ki`Xe^c\jpdYfcè k_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i@cclj%*/ % K_`jJ\c\Zk`fekX^Xccfnjpflg\idXe\ek XZZ\jj kf k_\ j\c\Zk`fe pfl dX[\ Æ pfl ZXe i\[f k_\ j\c\Zk`fe Xk Xep k`d\ efn n`k_flk Z_ffjè^ kffcj Xe[ Zc`Zb fe k_\ ZlY\ X^Xè# ]fi \oXdgc\% Pfl ZXe Xcjf ^`m\ k_\ j\c\Zk`fe X eXd\# Ylk è fli j`dgc\ \oXdgc\ n\ n`cc b\\g ljè^ k_\ [\]Xlck[\j`êXk`fe% Efn n\ nXek kf Xggcp dXk\i`Xcj kf k_\ ZlY\# ]fi k_\ jXb\ f] j`dgc`Z`kp n\ n`cc lj\ j_X[\ij% :_ffj\ k_\ J_X[\i Zfd$ dXe[ ]ifd k_\ DXk\i`Xc DXeX^\iËj =`c\ d\el% J\c\Zk ;Xe\c Xj k_\ ]ìjk dXk\i`Xc

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

**

Xe[ Elb\` Xj k_\ j\Zfe[ @cclj% *0 % :è$ \dX+;n`ccc`jkYfk_f]k_\dèk_\DXk\$ i`XcDXeX^\i% Efn Xggcp k_\j\ knf dXk\i`Xcj kf k_\ ZlY\ Yp [iX^^è^ k_\d flk f] k_\ DXk\$ i`Xc DXeX^\i Xe[ fekf k_\ fYa\Zk è k_\ \e\iXc gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i Xe[ Z_ffj\ @e]è`k\ ]ifd k_\ glcc$[fne d\el@cclj%(( % K_\ gfj`k`fe f] k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\ _XjeËk Z_Xe^\[# Ylk efn `k \d`kj gXiXcc\c iXpj% K_\[ì\Zk`fef]k_\j\iXpj`jè[`ZXk\[Yp Xn_`k\cè\k_Xk]fccfnjk_\^cfYXcQXo`j @cclj%() % N_\epfli\e[\ik_\jZ\e\pflj\\k_Xk k_\gfj`k`fef]k_\è]è`k\c`^_kj\\djì$ i\c\mXek#k_\fecpk_è^k_XkdXkk\ij`jk_\ c`^_kiXpËjXe^c\@cclj%(* %

(*

(+

(,

Pfl ZXe X[aljk k_\ Xe^c\ è k_\ :ffi[`$ eXk\j gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i% :c`Zbfek_\[flYc\Xiifne\okkfk_\I%? mXcl\% ?fc[ [fne k_\ dflj\ b\p# dfm\ k_\ dflj\ kf Z_Xe^\ k_\ mXcl\ Xe[ ef$ k`Z\k_\dfm\d\ekf]k_\dXèiXpèk_\ \e\iXcgXe\c@cclj%)) #Xe[ i\j\k`kj[ì\Zk`fe:ffi[èXk\jgXe\c1I%? Xe[I%G4' % 8jpflZXej\\#k_\\e\iXc gXe\c1@ek\ej`kp4)''#@cclj%,) Xe[j_flc[ efkZi\Xk\Xepj_X[fnjJ_X[fn1Efe\ %

,'

,(

JèZ\Yp[\]XlckXe8i\Xc`^_k`jXcnXpjX m\ik`ZXci\ZkXe^c\#pflj_flc[ifkXk\`kkf X_fi`qfekXcgfj`k`fe:ffi[èXk\j1I%G40'# @cclj%,) % ;iX^`klgnXi[jjf`k`jXkfe\c\m\cn`k_ k_\Z\`cè^G%P4('' % :lY\jXe[Xi\Xc`^_kXi\k_\jXd\j`q\è k_\OXe[Q[ì\Zk`fe#jfn\[feËk_Xm\kf X[aljkXepk_è^_\i\% ,*

K_\ i\e[\i\[ i\jlck [f\jeËk cffb jf YX[ @cclj%,* Æpfln`ccj\\k_XkXi\Xc`^_kè k_`jj`dgc\]fid`jlj\[]fiiffdc`^_kè^ ]i\hl\ekcp% Efk`Z\k_Xkk_\Z\`cè^`jZfdgc\k\cpYcXZb# n_`Z_ `j le[\ijkXe[XYc\ X]k\i k_\ \ogcX$ eXk`feXYfm\#jèZ\k_\c`^_kè^jfliZ\`j èk_\jXd\gcXZ\Xjk_\Z\`cè^% K_\]cffi`jYi`^_k\jk#k_\nXccjj_fnXe \m\eYi`^_ke\jjîX[`\ek%

:_Xgk\i'+×C`^_kJfliZ\jè:è\dX+;

,)

-'

,+

Efn k_Xk pfl _Xm\ èjkXcc\[ X jkXe[Xi[ Xi\Xc`^_kè^j\klgpfld`^_knXekkfi\$ ]è\k_\i\jlck% K_\]ìjkXe[dfjkZfddfecpXggc`\[fg$ k`fe`jkfXZk`mXk\Cè\Xi=Xccf]]kfZi\Xk\X dfi\[iXdXk`ZYi`^_ke\jjîX[`\ekfek_\ [fdèXkèîffdjli]XZ\j#k_\nXccj% ;f k_`j ljè^ k_\ ;\kX`c gXe\c è k_\ 8k$ ki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj%,+ % C`d`k k_\ ]Xccf]] kf ),' le`kj IX[`lj& ;\ZXp4),'# @cclj% ,, Æ `k j_flc[ jkXik [`$ i\Zkcp Xk k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\# jf b\\g ljè^ k_\'@ee\iIX[`ljj\kkè^% DXb\jli\k_\=Xccf]]8e^c\mXcl\`jj\kkf ' k_\ [\]Xlck j\kkè^ `j (/' # fk_\in`j\ k_\c`^_kè^fek_\nXccjn`ccY\^èdlZ_ ]lik_\iY\cfnXe[k_\\ekì\jZ\e\n`ccY\ kff[Xibpfl]è[k_\=Xccf]]8e^c\\ekip èk_\;\kX`cjgXe\c#@cclj%,, %

,,

I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\2XjpflZXej\\#k_\XZ$ k`mXk\[ ]Xccf]] dXb\j X Y`^ [`]]\i\eZ\ @c$ clj%,- % Kfj`dlcXk\Xc`^_kZ\`cè^#pflZXedXb\ k_\ c`^_k `kj\c] m`j`Yc\ Yp XZk`mXkè^ k_\ fgk`feJ_fnèI\e[\i;\kX`cj#@cclj%,. % K_\ i\e[\i\[ i\jlck j_fnj èk\i]\i\eZ\j k_Xki\jlck]ifdk_\]XZkk_Xkk_\Xi\Xc`^_k ,-

,/

,.

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

-(

,0

i\ZkXe^c\ Xe[ k_\ Z\`cè^ gfcp^fe Xi\ è k_\jXd\gcXZ\% -'

-(

Pfl Zflc[ jfcm\ k_\ gifYc\d Yp \oZcl[$ è^ k_\ Z\`cè^ ]ifd c`^_kè^ ljè^ k_\ \e\iXc gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i @cclj%'+ % ',

'-

Pfl ZXe Z_Xe^\ X ]\n j\kkè^j è k_\ J_X[fn gXe\c# c`b\ k_\ fgXZ`kp c\m\c# ]fi \oXdgc\;\ej`kp#@cclj%',Xe['- % Efn j\k k_\ j_X[fn kpg\ kf J_X[fn '.

:_Xgk\i',×J_X[fnjè:è\dX+;

DXgj Jf]k Xe[ efk`Z\ _fn k_\ `dX^\ Z_Xe^\j@cclj%'.Xe['/ %@k`jXggXi\ek k_Xk k_\ j_X[fn [f\j efk Y\^è [ì\Zkcp Xkk_\fYa\Zk% '/

-+

('

'0

K_\]XZkk_Xkk_\i\`jX^XgY\kn\\efYa\Zk Xe[j_X[fnXkXcci\jlckj]ifdk_\nXp`k `jZXcZlcXk\[ÆXjXîXpjZXc\Y`kdXgk_Xk Zfm\ij \m\ipk_è^ k_Xk ZXeefk Y\ Èj\\eÉ Ypk_\c`^_kjfliZ\% ?fn\m\i#k_\^XgdXpY\i\[lZ\[Xc`kkc\ èk_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\iÊjJ_X[fngXe\c# Ypj\kkè^k_\8Yjfclk\9`XjmXcl\kf'@c$ clj%'0Xe[(' % ((

K_\\[^\îX[`\ekZXeY\Zfekifcc\[dfi\ \]]\Zk`m\cp ljè^ k_\ JXdgc\ IX[`lj mXc$ l\Æk_\cfn\ik_\mXcl\#k_\j_Xig\ik_\ j_X[fnÊj \[^\ è fli \oXdgc\1 JXdgc\ IX[`lj4(#@cclj%(' % @e ^\e\iXc# jf]k j_X[fn i\e[\iè^ k`d\j c`\ Y\kn\\e iXpkiXZ\ Xe[ Xi\X j_X[fn k`d\j% JèZ\ k_\p cffb dfi\ i\Xc`jk`Z k_Xe iXp$ kiXZ\j_X[fnjpfln`ccnXekkflj\k_\d Xkk`d\j% K_\^XggifYc\d`jef`jjl\èZ\ikXèfY$ a\ZkZfejk\ccXk`fej#XjZXeY\j\\efek_\ c\]k @cclj% ()2 k_\ gcXe\ fYa\Zk `j _`[[\e _\i\Xe[k_\jg_\i\`jj_fne#@cclj%(( % JfYfk__Xi[Xe[jf]kj_X[fnj_Xm\Z\i$ kXè `dg\i]\Zk`fej# Ylk k_\p ZXe Yfk_ Y\ i\e[\i\[i\cXk`m\cphl`Zbcp%

()

(*

N_\epflXi\èe\\[]fiXm`jlXc`qXk`fe Yfk_ i\Xc`jk`Z Xe[ ^\fd\ki`ZXccp Zfii\Zk# 8i\Xj_X[fn`jk_\]ìjkZ_f`Z\Æk_\dfjk `dgfikXek[`]]\i\eZ\Y\kn\\e8i\Xj_X[$ fn Xe[ k_\ knf Y\]fi\d\ek`fe\[ _Xi[ Xe[ jf]k j_X[fn `j k_Xk `k i\XZkj kf k_\ ^\fd\kipf]k_\c`^_kjfliZ\k_XkZi\Xk\j k_\j_X[fn% :_Xe^\ k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\Êj J_X[fn kpg\ ]ifdJ_X[fnDXgjkf8i\X@cclj%(* Ylk b\\gk_\Fde`]fik_\k`d\Y\è^%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

-,

(+

(,

@ek_\cfn d\el Xe[ j\k9i`^_ke\jjkf)''@cclj%*( % =fi J\kkè^j# Zc`Zb fe k_\ \kkè^JkXik\[ Fg\e k_\ '-VjkXik%Z+[ ]`c\ j\\ g%)*- % @k nXjZi\Xk\[n`k_:+;('% Pfl j\\ X iffd n`k_ X jg_\i\ fYa\Zk _Xe^è^]ifdk_\Z\`cè^k_Xk`jd\Xekkf i\gi\j\ekXc`^_k@cclj%') % K_\i\ `j X kXYc\ [ì\Zkcp Y\cfn k_\ cXdg% =fi\e\iXcgXe\c@cclj%(' % ('

((

Efn n_\e i\e[\iè^ k_\ jZ\e\ X^Xè# \m\ipk_è^ `j YcXZb \oZ\gk ]fi k_\ n_`k\ jg_\i\@cclj%(( %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

.*

K_\ jZ\e\ Xgg\Xij YcXZb Y\ZXlj\ pfli c`^_k jfliZ\ ZXeefk g\e\kiXk\ Zcfj\[ jli]XZ\jÆc`b\k_\jg_\i\Ëjj_\cc$n_\e pflÊm\[\]è\[j_X[fnj]fi`k% 9lk :è\dX +; Xccfnj pfl kf \oZcl[\ fYa\Zkj ]ifd c`^_kè^# n_`Z_ b\\gj k_\d ]ifdY\Zfdè^fYjkXZc\j]fic`^_kiXpj% DXb\jli\k_\c`^_kfYa\Zk`jj\c\Zk\[Xe[ kXb\ X cffb Xk k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\iÊj JZ\e\ gXe\c# n_`Z_ Xccfnj pfl kf c`d`k c`^_kè^kfè[`m`[lXcfYa\Zkj% =fi Df[\# kXb\ \e\iXcgXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i@cclj%(+ % @e k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c# ]fi 8i\X J_Xg\ pfl Z_ffj\ FYa\Zk&Jgcè\ @cclj% (, % Pfli jg_\i\fYa\Zk`jjk`ccgXiXd\ki`ZXc#jfpfl n`cc_Xm\kfZfem\ik`kèkfXgfcp^fefY$ a\Zk Y\]fi\ ljè^ `k ]fi k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\Êj ^\fd\kip% (-

:_Xgk\i'-×JgXZ\Xe[:\ekiXcC`^_kè^

(*

(,

(+

.+

DXb\ jli\ k_\ jg_\i\ fYa\Zk `j j\c\Zk\[ Xe[Z_ffj\k_\DXb\\e\iXc gXe\c @cclj% )( Xe[j\kXcfnY`kdXgi\jfclk`femXcl\è k_\ J_X[fn gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXe$ X^\i Dè`dld JXdgc\j Xe[ DXo`dld JXdgc\j4('#8ZZliXZp4.,#@cclj%)) % I\[lZ\ ;\ej`kp Xj n\cc jf k_\ j_X[fn `jeËkZfdgc\k\cpYcXZb;\ej`kp4/' %

)(

))

I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\Æk_\j_X[fnefn_XjX jf]k\[^\#YlkXm\ipîXèpfe\#kff@cclj% )* Æk_`j`j[l\kfk_\cfnjXdgc\mXcl\j# Xe[ZXeY\Zfii\Zk\[cXk\i% K_\kiXej`k`feîX[`\ek`jkffn`[\Xjn\cc# YlkpflZXeXcjfjfcm\k_`jgifYc\dcXk\i fe%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

.,

9lkc\kËjcffbXkXdfi\`dgfikXekXjg\Zk f] pfli c`^_kè^ Æ `k `j jk`cc dlZ_ kf le`$ ]fid]fijlZ_XjdXccc`^_kk_Xk`jc`^_kè^ k_\iffdXccYp`kj\c]% 8 jc`^_k Yi`^_ke\jj [\Zi\Xj\ `j m`j`Yc\ Xcfe^ k_\ nXcc \[^\j k_Xk i\jlckj ]ifd k_\ ]XZk k_Xk c`^_k Y\Xdj n\Xb\e Xj k_\ fYc`hl\e\jjèZi\Xj\j% K_`j[\Zi\Xj\ZXeY\dX[\dfi\[iXdXk`Z Ypljè^k_\=Xccf]]]leZk`fe% J\c\Zk Cè\Xi =Xccf]] è k_\ ;\kX`c gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i# j\k k_\ @ee\i IX[`ljkf,'Xe[IX[`lj&;\ZXpkf+.,@c$ clj%)+ % K_`j dXb\j k_\ c`^_k [\Zi\Xj\ Zfekèl$ fljcp#jkXikè^n`k_('','le`kjf]]k_\ Z\ek\i% Pfl ZXe Z_\Zb k_\ i\jlck `dd\[`$ Xk\cpèpflii\e[\iè^@cclj%), %

)*

)+

Efn k_Xk k_\ jg_\i\ _Xj Y\Zfd\ fli c`^_kÊj i\]\i\eZ\# `kÊj efk n_`k\ Xepdfi\# k_\ cldèXeZ\ Z_Xee\c f] `kÊj dXk\i`Xc [f\jeÊknfibXepdfi\% KfdXb\`km`j`Yc\X^Xè#Zfgpk_\jg_\i\

)-

fYa\ZkYpgi\jjè^k_\:kicb\pXe[[iX^$ ^è^`kèj`[\k_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i #[\c\k\ k_\jlY$fYa\Zkèk_\ZfgpXe[i\eXd\`k ljè^Jg_\i\=Xb\% Kfj\\Xn_`k\jg_\i\X^Xè#pfln`ccXcjf _Xm\ kf dfm\ k_\ fi`^èXc jg_\i\Êj K\o$ kli\kX^kfk_\Zfg`\[jg_\i\@cclj%)- % I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\X^Xè#Xe[k_\j_èè^ jg_\i\n`cci\Xgg\Xi@cclj%). %

:_Xgk\i'-×JgXZ\Xe[:\ekiXcC`^_kè^

).

),

.-

)0

)/

Efn k_Xk pfl _Xm\ j\gXiXk\[ k_\ n_`k\ jg_\i\ Xe[ k_\ XZklXc j_X[fn$ZXjkè^ c`^_k jfliZ\ pfl ZXe df[`]p k_\ \[^\ f] k_\j_X[fnjli]XZ\% K_\ kiXej`k`fe ]ifd k_\ j_X[fn kf k_\ i\dXèè^ ]cffi jli]XZ\ `j kff n`[\# k_\

kXYc\kfg`jeËkk_Xk]Xi]ifdk_\Xi\Xf]k_\ ]cffik_\j_X[fnZfm\ij% Pfl _Xm\ kf \[`k k_\ ^\fd\kip f] k_\ jg_\i\ kf Zi\Xk\ X eXiifn\i kiXej`k`fe Æ k_\ jdXcc\i k_\ jg_\i\# k_\ j_Xig\i k_\ Zfekflijf]k_\j_X[fnîXg_`Zj% J\c\Zk k_\ Jg_\i\ gfcp^fe fYa\Zk è k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i @cclj% )/ % @e k_\ :ffi[`$ eXk\j DXeX^\i# Z_ffj\ J`q\ ]fi k_\ J`q\ [`jgcXpèk_\jdXccglcc$[fned\elY\$ cfnk_\J`q\\ekip]`\c[j#@cclj%)0 #\ek\i (,èjk\X[f]*']fiXcck_i\\Xo`jmXcl\j Xe[Zc`Zbfe8ggcp#figi\jjI\klie% K_\c`^_k\d`kkè^jg_\i\`jjdXcc\iefn# k_\ j_X[fn \[^\ îX[`\ek _Xj Y\Zfd\ jdXcc\i kff @cclj% *' Xe[ *( j_fn X i\e$ [\iè^Y\]fi\Xe[X]k\ik_\Z_Xe^\ %

*'

*(

8Yflkk_\j`q\Z_Xe^\1k_\jg_\i\n_`Z_ `j è lj\ Xj k_\ i\]\i\eZ\ ]fi k_\ c`^_kÊj j_Xg\#`jXgfcp^fefYa\Zkefnk_Xk`k_Xj Y\\eZfem\ik\[#efkXgXiXd\ki`ZXcfYa\Zk Xepdfi\% 8ZZfi[è^cp# `kj iX[`lj ZXeefk Y\ \[`k\[ èk_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\iFYa\Zkj\kkè^j Xepcfe^\i% 8jXgfcp^feYf[p#`kZfej`jkjf]jli]XZ\j n_`Z_ kf^\k_\i fecp Xgg\Xi kf Y\ X g\i$ ]\Zkjg_\i\Y\ZXlj\f]`kji\cXk`m\cp_`^_ i\jfclk`feXe[k_\G_fe^kX^Xjj`ê\[kf `k% @kZXeY\\[`k\[m`X`kjO#PfiQd\Xjli\$ d\ekj# \`k_\i Yp Z_Xe^è^ X ]XZkfi pfl ZXe [f k_`j è k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j Xe[ :ffi[`$ eXk\jDXeX^\i fiYpZ_Xe^è^k_\XZklXc d\Xjli\d\ekj k_`j `j fecp gfjj`Yc\ è k_\ :ffi[èXk\j dXeX^\i m`X J`q\ df[\# Xjj_fneXYfm\ %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

..

Pfli i\jlckj j_flc[ Y\ jXk`j]XZkfip% Fli gi`dXip c`^_kè^ cffbj ^ff[# \oZ\gk ]fi k_\ jfd\n_Xk îXèp i\jfclk`fe f] k_\ j_X[fn% 8 cffb Xk k_\ i\e[\iè^ j_fnj k_Xk k_\ jZ\e\jk`cc`jeËkg\i]\Zk1k_\Z\`cè^j_flc[ Y\XY`kYi`^_k\ik_Xek_\]cffijèZ\`k`j Zcfj\ikfk_\c`^_k@cclj%*) % N_p`j`k[Xib\iXkXcc69\ZXlj\c`^_kjè :è\dX+;j_è\Yi`^_k\ifeXjli]XZ\k_\ Zcfj\i k_\ì Y\Xdj Xi\ kf Y\è^ g\ig\e$ [`ZlcXikfk_\jli]XZ\% C`^_k jfliZ\j n`k_ [`m\i^è^ `%\% efe$ gXiXcc\c iXpj#Zi\Xk\\m\ij_Xig\iXe^c\j k_\ Zcfj\i c`^_k Xe[ jli]XZ\ Xi\ kf \XZ_ fk_\i% K_`j g_\efd\efe Y\Zfd\j gXik`ZlcXicp XggXi\ek `] ef ]Xccf]] `j [\]è\[# Ylk ZXe Y\fYj\im\[\m\ek_\e%

*)

**

=`ccC`^_k]fik_\:\`cè^ K_\Z\`cè^j_flc[Y\dX[\Yi`^_k\i#k_\ i\jkf]k_\iffd`jn\cc$c`k% Pfl Xci\X[p befn k_Xk pfl ZXe dXb\ X c`^_kjfliZ\j_è\\oZclj`m\cpfej\c\Zk\[ fYa\Zkj#Ylkpfl_Xm\kfdXb\k_\Z\`cè^ Xj\gXiXk\#è[`m`[lXcfYa\ZkY\]fi\% @k_XjY\\egXikf]k_\gfcp^fefYa\Zkk_Xk i\gi\j\ekjk_\n_fc\iffdlek`cefn% J\c\Zkk_\Gfcp^fekffc]ifdk_\ZfddXe[ YXiXcfe^k_\c\]k\[^\f]k_\jZi\\eXe[ k_\ C`m\ J\c\Zk`fe kffc ]ifd k_\ lgg\i ZfddXe[YXi@cclj%**Xe[*+ % J\c\Zkk_\IffdfYa\Zkèk_\FYa\ZkDXe$ X^\i@cclj%*, Xe[dfm\pflidflj\Zli$ jfifm\ik_\Z\`cè^jli]XZ\èk_\\e\iXc gXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i2j_X[fn ZXjkè^`jeÊke\Z\jjXip@cclj%+'Xe[+( % 8 i\ZkXe^c\ `j gi\j\k Xj j_Xg\ è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c# n_`Z_ `j \oXZkcp n_Xk n\ e\\[èk_`jZXj\% 9lkifkXk\k_\i\ZkXe^c\èkfX_fi`qfekXc gfj`k`fe Xe[ [iX^ `k [fne :ffi[èXk\j gXe\c1 I%G 4 0' Xe[ G%P 4 $(,'# @cclj% +) # kfYiè^`kkfîfle[c\m\cb\\gèdè[# k_\]lik_\iXc`^_k`j]ifdk_\jli]XZ\#k_\ Yi`^_k\i`kÊjc`k% :_Xe^\ k_\ d\Xjli\d\ekj f] k_\ i\Zk$ Xe^c\ _\i\ Xj n\cc Yp j\kkè^ k_\ Flk\i IX[`ljkf),'#k_\J`q\OXe[J`q\PmXc$ +*

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

.0

l\jn`cc]fccfnXlkfdXk`ZXccp%=Xccf]]`jeÊk e\Z\jjXip@cclj%+) % Jn`kZ_ kf k_\ JZ\e\ gXe\c f] k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\Êjj\kkè^j% DXb\jli\k_\@eZcl[\df[\`jj\k#k_\e [iX^ k_\ Z\`cè^ fYa\Zk ]ifd k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\ièkfk_\FYa\Zk\ekip]`\c[Y\cfn @cclj%+* % JèZ\n\nXekkfYi`^_k\ealjkk_\Z\`cè^# n\ fecp e\\[ X cfn Yi`^_ke\jj j\kkè^ >\e\iXcgXe\c1@ek\ej`kp4(,#@cclj%++ %

++

I\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\% K_\ Z\`cè^Êj Yi`^_k$ e\jj Xgg\Xij Zfii\Zk efn# dXkZ_è^ k_\ fk_\iiffdjli]XZ\j% 8j`[\ ]ifd k_\ j_X[fn i\jfclk`fe# k_\i\ `jfe\]cXnc\]k1k_\]ifekjli]XZ\jf]k_\ kXYc\Xi\Zfdgc\k\cp[Xib@cclj%+, %

:Xd\iXC`^_k N\n`cclj\Xcfn$b\pfde`kfjfcm\k_`j gifYc\d%K_`jc`^_kn`ccYi`^_k\ek_\jZ\e\ ]ifdk_\ZXd\iXËjgfèkf]m`\n% GcXZ\ X e\n c`^_k jfliZ\# ZXcc `k :Xd\iX C`^_kXe[dXb\`kjlYfi[èXk\kfk_\ZXd$ \iXYp[iX^^è^`kfekfk_\ZXd\iXèk_\ FYa\ZkDXeX^\i@cclj%+- % K_`j cèbj k_\ c`^_k kf k_\ ZXd\iXËj gfj`$ k`feÆj\kk_\c`^_kjfliZ\Zffi[èXk\jè k_\:ffi[èXk\jgXe\cG%O#G%P#G%Q kf'#kf dXb\ `kj gcXZ\d\ek `[\ek`ZXc kf k_\ ZXd$ \iXËj% J\kk_\Yi`^_ke\jj@ek\ej`kp kf+,èk_\ >\e\iXcgXe\cXe[b\\gk_\Fde`kpg\% J_X[fn j_flc[ jkXp [\XZk`mXk\[ @cclj% +- % :_ffj\ Cè\Xi =Xccf]] IX[`lj&;\ZXp 4 *,' èk_\;\kX`cjgXe\ckfZi\Xk\Xdfi\ [iXdXk`Z Yi`^_ke\jj [\Zi\Xj\ fe k_\ kX$ Yc\jli]XZ\@cclj%+. %

:_Xgk\i'-×JgXZ\Xe[:\ekiXcC`^_kè^

+-

+,

/'

J\kk_\@eZcl[\df[\èk_\JZ\e\gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i Xe[ [iX^ k_\ KXYc\fYa\Zk]ifdk_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\ièkf k_\ FYa\Zkj \ekip ]`\c[ jf `k `j k_\ fecp k_è^c`kYpk_\ZXd\iXc`^_k@cclj%+/ % Efnn\]èXccpnXekkfi\]è\k_\j_X[fn îXg_`Zj% 8Zk`mXk\ pfli ]ìjk c`^_k jfliZ\ Xe[ j\k k_\ DXo`dld JXdgc\j mXcl\ kf

+.

+0

+/

(''èk_\J_X[fngXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i#Xe[k_\Dè`dldJXdgc\jmXc$ l\kf('@cclj%+0 % I\e[\i k_\ Zi`k`ZXc `dX^\ j\^d\ek lj$ è^k_\I\e[\iI\^`feZfddXe[I\e[\i d\el % K_\ kXYc\ `j X Y`k kff Yi`^_k# Ylk k_\ j_X[fn jli]XZ\ _Xj X dlZ_ ]è\i îXè@cclj%,' % Jf efn n\ j_flc[ Y\ jXk`j]`\[ n`k_ flk c`^_kè^j\klgXe[ZXedfm\fekfk_\]`$ eXci\e[\iè^j\kkè^j% ,'

=èXcJ\kkè^j JèZ\ k_\ c`^_k j\klg `j [fe\# n\ ZXe ]f$ Zljfei\e[\iè^k_\jZ\e\]fiXgi\j\e$ kXk`fe% 8 ]\n j\kkè^j _Xm\ kf Y\ X[aljk\[ kf `dgifm\k_\hlXc`kp#i\e[\iè^k`d\`jeÊk Xj `dgfikXek efn Xj `k nXj è k_\ j\klg g_Xj\%

,(

,)

Fg\e k_\ I\e[\i j\kkè^j gXe\c I\e[\i D\el % @ek_\I\e[\iJ\kkè^Êj>\e\iXcgXe\c#j\$ c\Zk 9\jk ]fi 8ek`Xc`Xjè^ kf \ejli\ fgk`$ dldZfie\ijdffk_è^@cclj%,( % @e k_\ Flkglk gXe\c# j\k k_\ i\e[\iè^ d\Xjli\d\ekjègò\cjI\jfclk`fe Æk_\ ^`m\e d\Xjli\d\ekj i\jlck è X g`Zkli\ n`k_Xi\jfclk`fef]*''[g`fm\ik_\\e$ kì\gX^\iXe^\èk_`jYffb@cclj%,) %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

/(

8dY`\ek FZZclj`fe @cclj% ,* c\X[j kf X jfd\n_Xk dfi\ i\Xc`jk`Z `dX^\# jèZ\ k_`j]leZk`fe[Xib\ejXi\Xjèn_`Z_jli$ ]XZ\jd\\k#\%^%iffdZfie\ij% B\\gk_\^`m\ej\kkè^j#fecpZc`Zbfek_\ YcXZb jhlXi\ fe k_\ c\]k \e[ f] k_\ îX$ [`\ekXe[Z_ffj\Xd`[$iXe^\îXp]ifd k_\ZfcfigXc\kk\% 8eXli\fc\Xifle[k_\c`^_kjg_\i\nflc[ Y\e`Z\ÆpflZXeZi\Xk\k_`j\]]\Zkljè^ X Gfjk \e\iXcgXe\c@ek\ej`kp4),'#@cclj%(, %

()

=fi k_\ m`\n k_ifl^_ k_\ nè[fn# pfl Zflc[ X[[ Xe `dX^\# X jbp YXZbîfle[

(+

]fi\oXdgc\#ècXk\iZfdgfj`kè^Æ\%^%è G_fkfj_fg% PfldXpXjn\cc[fjfd\k_è^XYflkk_\ nè[fnjèflijZ\e\]`c\#k_\\Xj`\jkY\$ è^kfYi`^_k\ek_\nè[fngcXe\j% AljkZ_\Zbk_\J_fnèI\e[\ifgk`fe;\$ kX`cj gXe\c# @cclj% (- # Xe[ k_\ i\e[\iè^ `dd\[`Xk\cpcffbjY\kk\i@cclj%(. %

(-

:_Xgk\i'.×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@×@ek\i`fiJgXZ\j

(*

(.

(,

/-

(/

;`]]lj\J_X[fnj 8j pfl _Xm\ Z\ikXècp efk`Z\[# pfli Xi\X c`^_k[f\jeÊkZi\Xk\j_X[fnjp\k% 8 j_X[fn k_\ nXp pfl `dX^è\ `k j\\ @cclj% '( i\hlì\j X c`^_k jfliZ\ k_Xk `j gcXZ\[XY`k]lik_\if]]k_\]XZX[\% ?fn\m\i#k_\c`^_kjfliZ\pflaljkgcXZ\[ aljk_X[k_\X[mXekX^\k_Xk`knXjèk_\ jXd\ gcXZ\ Xj k_\ nè[fn nXcc# n_`Z_ dX[\`k\XjpkfZfekifck_\Yi`^_ke\jj[\$ Zi\Xj\ Æ efk kf d\ek`fe k_\ fggfikle`kp kf lj\ `k ]fi Yi`^_k\eè^ lg k_\ nè[fn jli]XZ\j% KXbè^k_`jèkfXZZflek#`kj\\djX^ff[ `[\X kf [`m`[\ c`^_k Xe[ j_X[fn ZXjkè^ Y\kn\\eknfc`^_kjfliZ\j% K_\ X[mXekX^\ k_`j jfclk`fe f]]\ij `j k_\ XY`c`kp kf j\k k_\ Yi`^_ke\jj [\Zi\Xj\ Xcfe^ k_\ iffd jli]XZ\ Xe[ k_\ Xgg\Xi$ XeZ\ f] k_\ j_X[fn è[\g\e[\ekcp ]ifd fe\Xefk_\i%

(0

)'

)(

))

)*

:è\dX +; Xccfnj pfl kf dXb\ c`^_k jfliZ\j Zi\Xk\ j_X[fnj n`k_flk Zfeki`Y$ lkè^kfk_\`ccldèXk`fe% @ek_`jZXj\#k_\èk\ej`kpXe[]Xccf]]j\k$ kè^j[\]è\fecpk_\jki\e^k_Xe[Yi`^_k$ e\jjgifî\jj`fef]k_\j_X[fn`dX^\% @k `jeÊk XcnXpj e\Z\jjXip kf kXb\ k_\ \o$ kiXjk\gf]Zfekifccè^c`^_kXe[j_X[fnj j\gXiXk\cp Æ `k nXjeÊk e\Z\jjXip n_\e pfl m`jlXc`q\[ jlec`^_k Xk k_\ Y\^èeè^ f]k_`jZ_Xgk\i#]fi\oXdgc\% @k dXb\j k_è^j \Xj`\i ]fi pfl kf lj\ X Zfgp f] k_\ Xi\X c`^_k Xci\X[p è lj\ ]fi k_\[`]]lj\c`^_k% :fgpk_\c`^_kfYa\ZkYp[iX^^è^`kèk_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i n_`c\ gi\jjè^ k_\ :kic

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

/.

b\p Æ fi lj\ k_\ Zfddfe Zfgp gXjk\ ]leZk`fe Yp gi\jjè^ :kic : Xe[ :kic M% EXd\ `k [`]]lj\ j_X[fn n_\e [fe\ @c$ clj%(/ % B\\g @ek\ej`kp Xk ),' Xe[ j\c\Zk 8i\X Xj j_X[fn kpg\ >\e\iXc gXe\c# @cclj% (0 % Dfm\k_\c`^_kjfliZ\XnXp]ifdk_\]X$ ZX[\Yp.,'le`kjG%Q4$('''#@cclj%)' % :_\Zb k_\ J_X[fn :Xjk\i fgk`fe è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c @cclj% )( % K_`j j`dgc\# è$ Zfejg`ZlfljZ_\Zb\ejli\jk_\k_ì[c`^_k jfliZ\ n`cc Zi\Xk\ j_X[fnj n`k_flk Zfe$ ki`Ylkè^kfk_\c`^_kè^% 8i\Xj_X[fni\hlì\jXcfkf]i\e[\igif$ Z\jjè^% Kf Xmf`[ cfjè^ kff dlZ_ k`d\ n_`c\ k\jk$i\e[\iè^# j\k m\ip cfn jXd$ gcè^ mXcl\j è k_\ J_X[fn gXe\c Dè`$ dldJXdgc\j4('#DXo`dldJXdgc\j4 +'#8ZZliXZp4.,#@cclj%)) %

)+

Pflii\e[\iè^j_fnj$Y\j`[\k_\îXè`$ e\jj k_Xk `j ZXlj\[ Yp k_\ cfn Y`kdXg jXdgc\iXk\$k_Xkk_\[`]]lj\c`^_kÊjj_X[$ fn[Xib\ejk_\i`^_kgXikf]k_\iffdkf dlZ_@cclj%)+ % Pfl ZXe Zfii\Zk k_`j ljè^ knf ki`Zbj1 è k_\ ]ìjk gcXZ\# [\]è\ Cè\Xi =Xccf]] ]fi _\ j_X[fn$ZXjkè^ c`^_k jfliZ\ ;\kX`cj# ),

@cclj% ), Æ k_\ ]Xccf]] j_flc[ jkXik Xk .,' le`kj`%\%fek_\]XZX[\c\m\c Xe[\e[Xk (,''le`kjj\\Xcjf@cclj%)* %@ek_`jZXj\# ]Xccf]] n`cc [`dè`j_ k_\ j_X[fnÊj èk\e$ ). )-

j`kpn`k_èZi\Xjèîffd[\gk_% 8efk_\iki`Zb`jkfj\k;\ej`kpkf,'èk_\ j_X[fn gXe\c $ k_`j dXb\j k_\ fm\iXcc j_X[fnc`^_k\i% PfldXpXcjfiX`j\k_\]Xccf]][`jkXeZ\]fi k_\c`^_k$^\e\iXkè^Xi\Xc`^_kkfYi`^_k\e k_\i`^_kgXikf]k_\iffdIX[`lj&;\ZXp 4-,'#@cclj%)- % Efn k_\ i\e[\iè^ `j Xcdfjk g\i]\Zk @c$ clj%). %

:_Xgk\i'.×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@×@ek\i`fiJgXZ\j

//

\kkè^JkXik\[ `jiXk_\i[iXdXk`Z@cclj%'( % N\n`cci\ZfejkilZkk_`jc`^_kè^j`klXk`fe Fg\ek_\'/VjkXik%Z+[]`c\j\\g%)*- %@k èk_\]fccfnè^Z_Xgk\i% nXjZi\Xk\[n`k_m\ij`fe('% IffdjXe[@e[ì\ZkC`^_kè^

PflZXej\\Xiffdn_fj\Z\`cè^c\Xm\j X^Xgkfk_\nXccXkk_\i`^_k#n_`Z_X^Xè `j_`^_\ik_Xek_\iffd#jf`kjlgg\i\e[ `jflkf]j`^_k@cclj%') % >fliXl[ j_X[è^ Cè\j nXj j\c\Zk\[ ]fi[`jgcXpèk_\\e\iXc gXe\c Æ k_`j `j k_\ fecp kpg\ f] j_X[fn n\ ZXe lj\èfli\oXdgc\@cclj%(( % @eZi\Xj\k_\Yi`^_ke\jj@ek\ej`kp f]k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\ kf .,'% Jn`kZ_ YXZb kf k_\ ;\kX`c gXe\c# X[aljk :fekiXjk kf (''# k_\ c`^_kËjjXdgc\iXk\kf(-Xe[[\]è\XCè$ \Xi=Xccf]]f]'$-,'le`kj@cclj%() % Efni\e[\ik_\jZ\e\X^Xè%K_\j_X[fn jgi\X[jfm\ik_\iffdjli]XZ\jèj_X[\j

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

0*

f]îXp#pflZXeXcjfj\\_fnk_\Yi`^_k$ e\jj [\Zi\Xj\j ]ifd k_\ ^Xg Xj `k gif$ î\jj\jèkfk_\[\gk_f]k_\iffd@cclj% (* % PfldXpi\[lZ\k_\j_X[fnËjîXècXk\i fe# Ylk k_\ Zlii\ek j\kkè^j dXb\ ]fi kfc$ \iXYc\i\e[\iè^k`d\j% 9lkjèZ\k_\j_X[fnZXeY\XY`kjkife^\i# èZi\Xj\`kj;\ej`kpkf()'èk_\J_X[fn gXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj%(+ % Pfl ZXe j\\ k_\ [`]]\i\eZ\ è k_\ i\e[\i$ è^@cclj%(, Æk_\j_X[fnXcfe^k_\]ifek nXcc`jdlZ_dfi\gifefleZ\[efn%

(*

K_\Z\`cè^`jjk`cckff[Xib#Xck_fl^_$è i\Xc`kp$`kj_flc[Y\^\kkè^\efl^_c`^_k jèZ\c`^_ki\]c\Zkj]ifdk_\nXcc%

(+

(,

Ljè^Xefk_\i:pcè[\iXj=`cc Pfl n`cc efn èm\ek Xe X[[`k`feXc c`^_k jfliZ\ k_Xk n`cc fecp c`^_k k_\ Z\`cè^ n`k_flkc`^_kè^Xepfk_\ijli]XZ\j% @k j\\dj X ^ff[ `[\X kf kXb\ X[mXekX^\ f]k_\nfibpflËm\Xci\X[p[fe\Xe[lj\ XZpcè[i`ZXcc`^_kjfliZ\X^Xè%K_`jc`^_k n`cc]\Xkli\ k_\ jXd\ [`d\ej`fej Xj k_\ fe\n\_Xm\Xci\X[pgcXZ\[èk_\jZ\e\% :fgpk_\\o`jkè^c`^_kfYa\ZkYp[iX^^è^ `k è k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i n_`c\ gi\jjè^ k_\:kicb\p#Xe[ZXcc`k=`cc:\`cè^%Dfm\`k [fne:ffi[èXk\jgXe\c1G%P4'#@cclj%(- % Pfli e\n c`^_k Zpcè[\i `j \oXZkcp è k_\ d`[[c\f]k_\iffdefn@cclj%(. %

:_Xgk\i'/×IffdjXe[@e[ì\ZkC`^_kè^

(.

(-

0+

=fik_`je\nc`^_k#pflj_flc[[\XZk`mXk\ k_\ j_X[fn Xe[ i\[lZ\ `kËj Yi`^_ke\jj @ek\ej`kp Zfej`[\iXYcp jèZ\ pfl fecp nXek kf c`^_k k_\ Z\`cè^ >\e\iXc gXe\c# @cclj%(/ % Pflj_flc[Xcjfi\[lZ\k_\]Xccf]][`jkXeZ\# kf Zi\Xk\ Xe \m\e dfi\ [iXdXk`Z Yi`^_k$ e\jj[\Zi\Xj\]fik_`jc`^_k%;\kX`cjgXe\c# IX[`lj&;\ZXp4,,'le`kj#@cclj%(0 % Lgkfefn#k_\]`ccX]]\Zkjk_\\ekì\iffd# n_`Z_ f] Zflij\ c\X[j kf X Zfdgc\k\ Z_Xe^\èc`^_k[`jki`Ylk`fe% ?fn\m\i#:è\dX+;\eXYc\jpflkfdXb\ Xc`^_kjfliZ\X]]\Zkj\c\Zk\[fYa\ZkjÆè pfliZXj\`knflc[Y\[\jìXYc\`]fecpk_\ Z\`cè^gif]`kj]ifdk_\]`cc%

(/

(0

J\gXiXkèÎffdXe[:\`cè^ Kf dXb\ lj\ f] k_`j ]\Xkli\ pflËcc _Xm\ kfj\gXiXk\k_\Z\`cè^]ifdk_\gfcp^fe jkilZkli\# jèZ\ Z\`cè^# nXccj Xe[ ]cffi Xi\Xle`kjf]Xi%

)'

)(

))

)*

G`Zbk_\Gfcp^fekffc]ifdk_\ZfddXe[ YXifek_\c\]kj`[\f]k_\jZi\\e#Xe[Xcjf k_\ C`m\ J\c\Zk`fe kffc ]ifd k_\ lgg\i ZfddXe[YXi@cclj%)'Xe[)) % J\c\Zkk_\gfcp^fefYa\ZkZXcc\[Iffdè k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i @cclj% )( Xe[ dfm\ pflidflj\fm\ik_\Z\`cè^jli]XZ\% JèZ\ :è\dX +; \og\Zkj pfl kf nfib fe k_\ XZk`m\ fYa\ZkËj gfcp^fej# `k dXibj \m\ip jli]XZ\ pfl ÈkflZ_É è c`^_k îXp# èZcl[è^ k_\ Z\`cè^% :c`Zb fe `k# k_\ fi$ Xe^\$Zfcfi\[ \[^\j è[`ZXk\ k_\ Z\`cè^ gfcp^fe`jj\c\Zk\[@cclj%)* % EfnZ_ffj\k_\Jgc`kZfddXe[]ifdk_\ =leZk`fejd\elefkkfY\Zfe]lj\[n`k_ ;`jZfee\Zk#@cclj%)+ % Pfl ZXe j\\ k_Xk X e\n gfcp^fe Xcjf eXd\[Iffd _XjY\\e^\e\iXk\[#Xe[`j c`jk\[ è k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i gc\Xj\ i\$ eXd\`k:\`cè^#@cclj%),# %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

0,

K_`jfYa\Zk`jX[lgc`ZXk\f]k_\]fid\icp j\c\Zk\[Z\`cè^gfcp^fe% B\\gèdè[k_\fi`^èXcgfcp^fe`jjk`cc k_\i\Xe[e\\[jkfY\i\dfm\[%I\j\c\Zk `k k_\ nXp pfl [`[ XYfm\ Xe[ gi\jj k_\

),

[\c\k\b\p%

)+

Efn k_Xk k_\ Z\`cè^ `j Xe è[\g\e[\ek fYa\Zk pfl ZXe ]è`j_ pfli ]`ccËj èjkXccX$ k`fe% 9\jli\k_\Z\`cè^`jj\c\Zk\[Xe[kf^^c\ k_\ JZ\e\ gXe\c è k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXe$ X^\i% J\k @eZcl[\ df[\ Xe[ [iX^ k_\ Z\`cè^ gfcp^fe ]ifd k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i èkf k_\FYa\Zkj\ekip]`\c[@cclj%)- kfdXb\ jli\`k`jk_\fecpfYa\Zkc`kn`k_pflic`^_k jfliZ\%

)-

iX[`\ek DXg kf ^`m\ k_\ îXpjZXc\ `dX^\ X [\$ Z\ekZfcfikfe\@cclj%+*Xe[++ Æk_`j8[$ aljkd\ekcXp\idXpY\klie\[kfDlck`gcp df[\# `kËj fgXZ`kp ZXe Y\ kle\[ [fne kf n\Xb\ek_\\]]\Zk% PflZXe\og\i`d\ekn`k_:fcfi=`ccjkfZi\$ Xk\dfi\Zfcfiè^\]]\Zkj#Xcjfljè^Dlc$ k`gcpdf[\%

+*

Pfl gifYXYcp i\gif[lZ\ k_\ k_è^j @ [\$ jZi`Y\[ Y\jk `] pfl cffb Xk k_\ '/V]èXc$ i\e[\i%gj[ ]`c\ Æ Xcjf Z_Xgk\ij (* Xe[ (- f]]\idfi\[\kX`c\[\ogcXeXk`fejf]k_\j\ jk\gj% ++ +,

:_Xgk\i'/×IffdjXe[@e[ì\ZkC`^_kè^

(''

'(

'0 ')

Iffdj Xe[ 8ik`]`Z`Xc C`^_kè^ × =clfi\j$ Z\ekKlY\j N\ nXek kf c`^_k fli iffd n`k_ ]clfi\j$ Z\ekc`^_kklY\jèk_`jZ_Xgk\i@cclj%'( % Dlck`gc\j_X[fnjfek_\]cffiXe[k_\g\$ Zlc`Xic`^_kjkXèjfek_\Z\`cè^Xi\kpg`$ ZXc]fik_`jc`^_kè^j`klXk`fe% @egièZ`gc\#k_`jc`^_kè^j\klgnfibjn`k_ X eldY\i f] Zfg`\j f] fe\ fi`^èXc c`^_k jfliZ\%K_\X[mXekX^\f]k_`jj\klg`jk_Xk Z_Xe^\j kf k_\ gXiXd\k\ij Yi`^_ke\jj#

]Xccf]]# j_X[fn ZXjkè^ f] fe\ klY\ Xi\ XlkfdXk`ZXccpXggc`\[kfXcc[lgc`ZXk\j% K_\i\n`ccXcjfY\knfc`^_kè^j\kj#jèZ\ iffdc`^_kè^Xe[Z\`cè^c`^_kèî\hlì\ knfj\gXiXk\j\klgj% N\n`ccXcjf_Xm\kf[`]]\i\ek`Xk\Y\kn\\e df[\cc\[klY\fYa\Zkjk_Xkfecpcffbc`b\ ZXjkè^c`^_k#Xe[k_\Èi\XcÉc`^_kjn_`Z_ XZklXccp`ccldèXk\pflijZ\e\% 8Zflgc\f]]`ccc`^_kjn`ccXcjfY\e\Z\j$ jXipkfZfdgc\k\k_\`dX^\% >\kkè^JkXik\[ Fg\e k_\ ]`c\ '0VjkXik%Z+[ j\\ g% )*- % @k nXjZi\Xk\[ljè^m\ij`fe('% Pflj\\Xiffdn`k_fYa\Zkjfek_\Z\`cè^ $ k_\p i\gi\j\ek ]clfi\jZ\ek c`^_k klY\j èk_\ì]`kkè^jÆ#jk`cck_\i\Xi\efÈi\XcÉ c`^_kjfliZ\jp\k@cclj%') % >fliXl[ J_X[è^ nXj Z_fj\e ]fi iflg FYa\Zkj ZfddXe[ FYa\Zkj d\el# @cclj% )- %:_Xe^\k_\elccfYa\ZkÊjeXd\kfKlY\ Zfg`\j@cclj%). %

)+

Efn i\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\ $ efk`Z\ k_Xk k_\ Z\`cè^`jfecp[`dcpc`k#n_`c\k_\i\jkf] k_\iffdXgg\Xijfm\i\ogfj\[@cclj%)/ % 8j pfl Xci\X[p befn# c`^_k jfliZ\j _Xm\ dlZ_î\Xk\i\]]\Zkfeiffdjli]XZ\jk_Xk Xi\]lik_\iXnXp%

),

)-

K_\ fk_\i i\dXibXYc\ Xjg\Zk `j k_\ \o$ gi\jj`m\j_X[fnfek_\Z\`cè^%K_`jn`cc Y\Zfd\ c\jj gifefleZ\[ cXk\i# n_\e n\ lj\Xi\Xèjk\X[f]_Xi[j_X[fn% ?fn\m\i#Xkgi\j\ek`kÊjY\kk\ikflj\_Xi[ j_X[fn# jèZ\ k_\ j_X[fnËj ^\fd\kip `j \Xj`\ikfY\Zfekifcc\[k_`jnXp#Xe[Y\$ ZXlj\`ki\hlì\jc\jji\e[\iè^k`d\% ).

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

('.

J\gXiXkèÎffdXe[:\`cè^ 8jpflj\\#`kÊccdXb\j\ej\kf[`]]\i\ek`$ Xk\Y\kn\\eZ\`cè^Xe[iffdc`^_kè^% PflÊm\ Xci\X[p [\]è\[ jZ\e\ \oZclj`fe ]fipfliklY\fYa\ZkZfekXèè^pfli]ìjk c`^_kjfliZ\% Pfl dXp Xj n\cc \oZcl[\ k_\ Z\`cè^# fi m`Z\ m\ijX èZcl[\ iffd Xe[ kXYc\ $ Xe[ cXk\ifeèjkXccXj\Zfe[j\kf]c`^_kjjfc\$ cp ]fi k_\ Z\`cè^# n`k_ `kÊj fne èk\ej`kp j\kkè^j\kZ%

)/

?fn\m\i#iffdXe[Z\`cè^Xi\jk`ccle`k\[ èfe\gfcp^fefYa\Zk#jfk_\p_Xm\kfY\ j\gXiXk\[]ìjk% J\c\Zkk_\Gfcp^fekffc]ifdk_\ZfddXe[ YXi fe k_\ c\]k _Xe[ j`[\ f] k_\ jZi\\e# Xe[k_\C`m\J\c\Zk`fekffc]ifdk_\lgg\i ZfddXe[YXi@cclj%*'Xe[*( % J\c\Zkk_\iffdfYa\Zkèk_\FYa\ZkDXe$ X^\i@cclj%)0 Xe[dflj\fm\ik_\Z\`cè^ jli]XZ\èk_\\e\iXcgXe\c#@c$ clj%,) % 9\Xi è dè[ k_Xk X c`^_k jfliZ\ n`k_ efe$gXiXcc\c c`^_k \d`jj`fe èZcl[è^ Xi\Xc`^_k è:è\dX+;dXb\jXjli]XZ\ ,*

Yi`^_k\in`k_èZi\Xjè^[`jkXeZ\#Xjcfe^ Xjef]Xccf]]_XjY\\e[\]è\[%

,,

DXb\ jli\ =`cc :\`cè^ `j j\c\Zk\[# k_\e ifkXk\ `k Xifle[ `kj O Xo`j Yp j\kkè^ I%G kf0':ffi[èXk\jgXe\c#@cclj%,*2Zc`Zbfe k_\[flYc\Xiifne\okkfk_\Zfii\jgfe[$ è^mXcl\Xe[dfm\pflidflj\%PflZXe j\\ _fn k_\ c`^_k jli]XZ\ ifkXk\j è k_\ \e\iXc gXe\c % J_X[fn j_flc[ i\$ dXè[\XZk`mXk\[% Jn`kZ_kfk_\JZ\e\gXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\iÆ[iX^k_\kXYc\fYa\Zk]ifdk_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i èkf k_\ FYa\Zkj \ekip

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

((*

]`\c[# k_\e j\k @eZcl[\ df[\ jf fecp k_\ kXYc\n`ccY\\]]\Zk\[Ypk_\ZXd\iXc`^_k% 9\]fi\ pfl X[aljk j\kkè^j ]fi pfli ]èXc i\e[\iè^pflj_flc[[\]è\jf]kj_X[fnj ]fipfliiffdb\pc`^_kè^j\klg% J\c\Zk C`^_k Iffd# kf^^c\ k_\ >\e\iXc gXe\c# [\]è\ J_X[fn DXgj Jf]k # k_\e jn`kZ_kfk_\J_X[fngXe\cXe[j\c\ZkX ,''o,''J_X[fnDXg@cclj%,/ % K_`j mXcl\ `j i\jgfej`Yc\ ]fi k_\ jf]k j_X[fnÊj Y`kdXg i\jfclk`fe Æ :è\dX +; lj\jX[\]Xlckj\kkè^f]),'o),'$Xc`kkc\ kffîXèp]fifligligfj\%

,.

I\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\% K_\ c`^_kè^ j\klg `j YXcXeZ\[ efn @cclj% ,. % 8[[`k`feXc ]è\$ kleè^ZXeY\[fe\YpZ_ffjè^Xggifgi`$ Xk\I\e[\ij\kkè^j% ,/

I\e[\iè^;\]XlckJ\kkè^j 8jègi\m`fljZ_Xgk\ij#pfln`ccZ_Xe^\ jfd\I\e[\ij\kkè^jkf`dgifm\pfli`d$ X^\#jèZ\i\e[\iè^k`d\`jeËkXj[\Z`j`m\ Xepdfi\% Fg\e pfli [\]Xlck i\e[\iè^ j\kkè^j I\e[\id\el1I\e[\ij\kkè^j % ,0

J\c\Zk 9\jk 8ek`Xc`Xjè^ è k_\ >\e\iXc gXe\ckf\ejli\`[\XcZfekflijdffk_è^# @cclj%,0 % K_`j fgk`fe nXj d\Xeè^c\jj [liè^ k_\ j\klg g_Xj\# b\\gè^ `k [\XZk`mXk\[ k_\e jXm\[pflXcfkf]k`d\% J\kk_\j`q\ègò\cjèk_\FlkglkgXe\c I\jfclk`fe Æ k_\ mXcl\j lj\[ n`cc gif$ [lZ\Xe`dX^\k_XkZfm\ijk_\]lccn`[k_ f] X gX^\ è k_`j Yffb n`k_ X j\kkè^ f] *''[g`@cclj%-' % 8e \]]\Zk k_Xk c\X[j kf X dfi\ i\Xc`jk`Z `dX^\`j8dY`\ekFZZclj`feèk_\gXe\c n`k_k_\jXd\eXd\ %

:_Xgk\i'0×IffdjXe[8ik`]`Z`XcC`^_kè^×=clfi\jZ\ekKlY\j

-(

-'

((+

@kn`cc[Xib\eXi\Xjn_\i\jli]XZ\jd\\k# \%^%iffdZfie\ij% Lj\k_\[\]Xlckj\kkè^j_\i\@cclj%-(2k_`j `jfe\f]k_\]\Xkli\jk_Xkn`ccZfjkpflX cfkf]i\e[\iè^k`d\ % @e fli \oXdgc\# `k nflc[ Xcjf Y\ e`Z\ kf _Xm\ jfd\ d`c[ ^cfn jliifle[è^ k_\ c`^_kklY\j% Pfl ZXe X[[ k_`j \]]\Zk ljè^ k_\ >cfn GfjkfliXl[ J_X[è^ nXj j\c\Zk$ \[ ]fi k_\ \e$ \iXcgXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj% ', % IfkXk\`kèkfXm\ik`ZXcgfj`k`feYpj\kkè^ k_\ I%G% mXcl\ kf $0' è k_\ :ffi[èXk\j gXe\c#@cclj%'- % K_`j gXiXcc\c jgfk j_flc[ efn Y\ dfm\[ kfk_\gfj`k`fef]fe\f]k_\c`^_kè^[`jZj ]ìjk% @ek_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i#[iX^k_\c`^_kfekf ;`jZ%( fg\e k_\ C`^_k ;`jZj îflg `] e\Z$ \jjXip jf `k Y\Zfd\j X jlY$fYa\Zk f] `k @cclj%'. % DXb\jli\k_\jgfk`jj\c\Zk\[Xe[j\k`kj i\cXk`m\ gfj`k`fe kf ' G%O# G%P# G%Q Æ k_`j \ejli\jk_\gfj`k`fef]c`^_kXe[[`jZn`cc Y\`[\ek`ZXc@cclj%'- % Efn pfl _Xm\ kf Zi\Xk\ Zfg`\j f] k_\ jgfkc`^_k# fe\ ]fi \XZ_ fg\eè^ è k_\ Z\`cè^#Xe[Xefk_\ik_i\\kfY\gcXZ\[è k_\jZ\e\Êj]fi\îfle[flkj`[\k_\iffd%

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

',

'.

'-

((/

K_\ìgfj`k`fejXi\XcjfdXib\[n`k_[`jZ fYa\Zkj% 8j d\ek`fe\[ XYfm\# pfl _Xm\ kf dXb\ lj\f]èjkXeZ\j#`%\%Ècèb\[ÉZfg`\jk_Xk XlkfdXk`ZXccp i\XZk kf Z_Xe^\j kf k_\

'/

'0

fi`^èXcËj gXiXd\k\ij# n_\e pfl e\\[ X îflgf]`[\ek`ZXcc`^_kjfliZ\j# DXb\jli\pflijgfkc`^_kB\p`jj\c\Zk\[ Xe[ gcXZ\ Xe @ejkXeZ\ FYa\Zk Df[\cè^ FYa\Zk d\el è k_\ lgg\i ZfddXe[ YXi# @cclj%'/ %EXd\`kB\p%:fgp% K_\ èjkXeZ\ fYa\Zk j_flc[ Y\ j\c\Zk\[ efn% @e k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i pfl ZXe j\\ k_Xk pfli B\p jgfkc`^_k `j \ek\i\[ Xj I\]\i\eZ\ FYa\Zk è k_\ FYa\Zk gXe\c# @cclj%'0 % ('

((

()

EfnpflnXekkfgcXZ\fe\f]pfliZfg`\j è\XZ_cfZXk`fedXib\[YpX[`jZ% PflZXeËk[fk_`jljè^k_\;lgc`ZXk\Zfd$ dXe[fiXepfk_\iki`Zb%Pfl_Xm\kf[f`k è[`m`[lXccp]fi\XZ_Zfgp% 9lkn\n`cckipkfjfcm\k_`jXj\c\^Xekcp Xjgfjj`Yc\% ?fc[[fnek_\:kicb\p#Xe[[iX^k_\B\p% :fgpèjkXeZ\fekfk_\e\ok[`jZfYa\Zkè k_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i;`jZ%) % :fekèl\ kf Zi\Xk\ dfi\ Zfg`\j Yp :kic$ [iX^^è^ B\p%:fgp fekf k_\ fk_\i [`jZ fYa\Zkj Xj n\cc# lek`c \XZ_ f] k_\d _Xj X jlYfi[èXk\ c`^_k èjkXeZ\ fYa\Zk @cclj% (' % J\c\Zk Xcc f] k_\ èjkXeZ\j pfl k_lj Zi\$

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

((0

Xk\[ è k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i Ylk efk k_\ [`jZjDXb\jli\effk_\ifYa\ZkjXi\j\$ c\Zk\[Ypd`jkXb\ Xe[\ek\i']fiG%O#G%P Xe[G%Qèk_\:ffi[èXk\jgXe\cf]k_\8k$ ki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj%(( % K_`jgcXZ\jXccèjkXeZ\jèk_\jXd\gfj`$ k`feXjk_\ìc\X[fYa\Zkjj`dlckXe\fljcp# XjpflZXej\\èkfgm`\n@cclj%() %

(,

(*

(+

=`c\ XnXp Xcc k_\ [`jZj n`k_ jlYfi[èXk\ c`^_k èjkXeZ\j è X îflg FYa\Zkj DXe$ X^\i FYa\Zkj d\el1 >iflg FYa\Zkj# @cclj% (* # Xe[ ZXcc k_`j îflg ;`jZ%:fg`\j @cclj% (+ % I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\%Pfli\Zfê`q\k_Xkk_\ jgfkjnfib$k_\pZXjkc`^_kjgfkjfek_\ ]cffi @cclj% (, 9lk pfl Xi\ jk`cc ]Xi ]ifd k_\i\jlckpflnXekkfXZ_`\m\% K_\]ìjkk_è^pflÊccnXekkfj\\Xi\k_\ c`^_k Zfcldej% J\c\Zk k_\ b\p c`^_k# Xe[ Z_ffj\M`j`Yc\C`^_kèk_\>\e\iXcgXe\c f]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj%(- % K_`jdXb\jk_\c`^_kÊjiXpYle[c\m`j`Yc\ n_\epfli\e[\ik_\jZ\e\$n`k_flkk_`j ]\Xkli\#pflj\\aljk`kj\]]\Zkfei\XcfY$ a\Zkjli]XZ\j% F]Zflij\k_`j\]]\Zk_XjkfY\kle\[n`k_ XeldY\if]j\kkè^j% =ìjkpfl_Xm\kfkXb\ZXi\f]k_\[`d\e$ j`fej f] k_\ c`^_k Zpcè[\ij% J\k k_\ jgfk$ c`^_kiX[`ljkf(+;\kX`cjgXe\c#Flk\iIX$ [`lj#@cclj%(. % K_`jj_flc[dXb\`kXY`kk_`Zb\ik_Xek_\ fg\eè^ è k_\ Z\`cè^ `kj iX[`lj Y\è^ fecp(' %9lkpflZXej\\k_Xkk_`j`jlj\$ ]lc[l\kfk_\[\Zi\Xj\Xcfe^k_\\[^\j%

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

(.

(-

()'

I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\%K_\[\jì\[\]]\ZkZXe Xci\X[p Y\ [`jZ\ie\[# Ylk k_\ c`^_k `jeËk jkife^\efl^_#Xe[k_\Zpcè[\ijXi\kff _fdf^\e\flj@cclj%(/ % =ìjk iX`j\ pfli Yi`^_ke\jj j\kkè^ >\e$ \iXcgXe\cÆ@ek\ej`kp4+.,#@cclj%(0 % K_\e \dg_Xj`q\ k_\ [\Zi\Xj\ è Yi`^_k$ e\jj ]ifd k_\ Zpcè[\iÊj d`[[c\ Xo`j kf `kjg\i`g_\ipÆkf^^c\k_\M`j`Y`c`kpgXe\c# Xe[ XZk`mXk\ Xe[ j\k \e\iXc gXe\c # b\\gj_X[fnjn`kZ_\[f]]Xe[i\[lZ\@e$ k\ej`kpkf('@cclj%)* % IfkXk\ k_\ c`^_k i\ZkXe^c\ k_`j j_Xg\ Y\è^ `kj [\]Xlck èkf X _fi`qfekXc gfj`$ k`feXe[dfm\`k[fnenXi[jlek`c`k`jXk ]cffic\m\c:ffi[èXk\jgXe\c1I%G40'#G%P 4 $(,'# @cclj% )+ % Pfl ZXe j\k k_\ mXcl\j eld\i`ZXccp fi Zc`Zb fe k_\ [flYc\ Xi$ ifne\okkfk_\Zfii\jgfe[è^mXcl\]`\c[# gi\jjpflidflj\YlkkfeXe[dfm\pfli dflj\% :_Xe^\Flk\iIX[`ljkf),'Xe[b\\gk_\ [\]Xlck i\ZkXe^lcXi j_Xg\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c# @cclj%), % Kf dXb\ jli\ k_\ Z\`cè^ `j k_\ fecp jli$ ]XZ\c`kYpk_`jc`^_k#j\k@eZcl[\df[\è k_\JZ\e\gXe\cXe[[iX^k_\Z\`cè^]ifd k_\FYa\ZkdXeX^\ièkfk_\FYa\Zkj\ekip ]`\c[@cclj%)- % K_\i\e[\iè^[`jgcXpjk_\Z\`cè^[`dcp c`k@cclj%). %N_\k_\ik_\c`^_kè^`jjl]]`$ Z`\ek_XjkfY\Z_\Zb\[n`k_èk_\fm\iXcc Zfek\okf]k_\]èXci\jlck%

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

)*

)+

),

).

)-

())

=`ccC`^_k]fik_\NXccj

)/

K_\nXccjXi\k_\dfjkZi`k`ZXcf]k_\k_i\\ jli]XZ\jk_Xke\\[kfY\Yi`^_k\e\[#jèZ\ k_\pi\hlì\Xn\cc$ZfekiXjk\[Yi`^_ke\jj gifî\jj`fe]ifdk_\Yfkkfdkfk_\kfg%

)0

K_\îflgf]]flinXccj_XjkfY\Xgfcp$ ^fefYa\Zkf]`kjfnejfpflZXec`^_k`k j\gXiXk\cp% ?fn\m\i# k_\ nXccj Xi\ jk`cc cèb\[kfk_\]cffi% DXb\ jli\ Iffd `j j\c\Zk\[ @cclj% )/ # k_\eZ_ffj\k_\C`m\J\c\Zk`fekffclgg\i ZfddXe[YXi#@cclj%*' Xe[k_\Gfcp^fe kffcc\]kZfddXe[YXi#@cclj%)0 %

*'

@]pfldflj\fm\ik_\`dX^\èk_\\e\iXcgXe\c@ek\ej`kp4(.,#@cclj%*/ % ?fn\m\i# ]Xccf]] `j k_\ dfjk `dgfikXek [\j`ê kffc ]fi k_`j c`^_k# Y\ZXlj\ `k n`cc Zi\Xk\Xi`Z_cpZfekiXjk\[Yi`^_ke\jjgif$ î\jj`feXcfe^k_\nXccj% 8ccf]k_\i\c\mXekj\kkè^jXi\kfY\]fle[ èk_\;\kX`cjgXe\c@cclj%*0 % J\kk_\=Xccf]]8e^c\kf']ìjk%K_`jiXk_\i èZfejg`Zlflj j\kkè^ ZXlj\j Yi`^_ke\jj kf Y\ jkife^\jk Xcfe^ k_\ cfn\i \[^\ f] k_\nXccjÆk_\[\]Xlck(/'nflc[Zi\Xk\X Zfdgc\k\cp[`]]\i\ek\]]\Zk% DXb\ jli\ k_\ c`^_k i\jfclk`fe `j Xk `kj cfn\jk gfjj`Yc\ j\kkè^ JXdgc\j 4 (- % K_`j _\cgj pfl Xmf`[ lee\Z\jjXi`cp cfe^ i\e[\iè^k`d\j% K_\e j\c\Zk Cè\Xi =Xccf]] \e[è^ X Y`k XYfm\k_\iffdËjZ\`cè^@ee\iIX[`lj4'# IX[`lj&;\ZXp4,,' % Pfli i\e[\iè^ j_flc[ j_fn k_\ [\jì\[ i\jlck@cclj%+' %

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

*/

+'

*0

()+

=cffi=`ccC`^_k N_\epflcffbXkk_\i\e[\iè^pfln`cc i\d\dY\i k_Xk k_\ ]cffi j_flc[ Xcjf Y\ Yi`^_k\e\[# Xe Xi\X c`^_k Y\è^ k_\ Y\jk Z_f`Z\èk_`jZXj\Xjn\cc% 8^Xè# Zfgp k_\ Xi\X c`^_k pfl èjkXcc\[ ]fik_\Z\`cè^Xe[ZXcc`k=`cc=cffi% Dfm\`klgnXi[j:ffi[èXk\jgXe\c1G%P4 *+,#@cclj%+( % @eZi\Xj\ Yi`^_ke\jj jlYjkXek`Xccp jf k_\ ]cffic`^_kè^dXkZ_\jk_\c`^_kè^f]k_\ cfn\inXccXi\Xj@ek\ej`kp4),' % Jn`kZ_ kf k_\ JZ\e\ gXe\c# b\\g k_\ @e$ Zcl[\df[\#Ylki\gcXZ\:\`cè^n`k_=cffi èk_\FYa\Zkj\ekip]`\c[@cclj%+) % JèZ\ k_\ ]cffiËj Yi`^_ke\jj nfeËk Y\ k_\ jXd\ Xcc fm\i `kj jli]XZ\# `k `j lj\]lc kf lj\]Xccf]]X^Xè#k_\nXppfl[`[]fik_\ nXccj% Kf^^c\k_\;\kX`cjgXe\cèk_\8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i% :_ffj\ Cè\Xi =Xccf]] Xe[ j\k k_\]Xccf]]iXe^\n`k_Xe@ee\iIX[`ljf] +,'Xe[IX[`lj&;\ZXpf]-''@cclj%+* % K_\ _`^_ @ee\i IX[`lj mXcl\ dXb\j k_\ Yi`^_ke\jj [\Zi\Xj\ fecp cXk\# `%\% i`^_k XYfm\ k_\ ]cffi# kf \dg_Xj`q\ k_\ Zfe$ kiXjk%

+(

+)

+*

++

I\e[\ik_\jZ\e\%K_\c`^_kè^gifgfik`fe Y\kn\\e Z\`cè^# nXccj Xe[ ]cffi cffbj YXcXeZ\[@cclj%++ % K_`jjZ\e\`jXj_fnZXj\\oXdgc\f]_fn kfcXp\ic`^_kjfliZ\jkfZi\Xk\Xjl^^\j$ k`m\c`^_kè^j`klXk`fe%<m\ipc`^_kXjjld\j XZc\Xicp[\]è\[ifc\#Xe[\XZ_c`^_kZXe Y\fgk`d`q\[è`kji\jg\Zk`m\ifc\%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(),

=f^J_X[\i8kdfjg_\i`Zj 8 jZ\e\ c`b\ k_`j i\hlì\j k_\ m`jlXc`qX$ k`fef]XiffdËjXkdfjg_\i\%8]f^j_flc[ ^`m\k_\iffdXjlY[l\[Xgg\XiXeZ\#Xe[ c\Xm\k_\i\XiiffdXi\Xjc`^_kcpYclii\[ j\\@cclj%'(Xkk_\Y\^èeè^f]k_\Z_Xg$ k\i % K_\j\ \]]\Zkj jl`k k_\ jc`^_kcp dpjk`ZXc c`^_k[iXdXkli^pf]k_`jj\klg%

+,

+-

K_\ =f^ J_X[\i `j k_\ `[\Xc kffc ]fi k_`j gligfj\% Fg\eXe\njZ\e\Xe[Zi\Xk\Xe\ndX$ k\i`Xcljè^k_\DXk\i`XcDXeX^\i% 9lk j\c\Zk =f^ flk f] k_\ J_X[\i ]cpflk d\el èjk\X[ f] Z_ffjè^ E\n DXk\i`Xc DXk\i`XcDXeX^\iËj=`c\d\el#@cclj%+, % GcXZ\XZlY\èk_\jZ\e\#Xe[[iX^pfli ]f^ k_è^ fekf `k j`d`cXi kf Xjj`êè^ X ÈefidXcÉdXk\i`Xc#@cclj%+- % K_\i\e[\iè^j_fnjXZlY\n`k_Xk_i\\$ [`d\ej`feXc n_`k\ Xi\X gfèkè^ è gfj`$ k`m\P[ì\Zk`fe@cclj%+. %

+.

Pfl ZXe X[aljk k_\ j_X[\i j\kkè^j Yp [flYc\$Zc`Zbè^fek_\k\okli\kX^èk_\ FYa\ZkDXeX^\i% @]pflj\k\e\iXc gXe\c f]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i@cclj%-) % K_\ i\e[\iè^ [\dfejkiXk\j k_\ Z_Xe^\ @cclj%-* % K_\ c`^_kè^ j\klg `j Zfdgc\k\ efn# Xe[ pflZXe]fZljfepfli]èXci\e[\iè^%

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

-(

()/

=èXcI\e[\iè^J\kkè^j Efnpfl_Xm\kfdXb\X]\nj\kkè^jk_Xk n`cc`dgifm\k_\]èXc`dX^\Æk_\i\e[\i$ è^k`d\`jeËkk_\dfjk`dgfikXekZi`k\i`fe Xepdfi\% -+

J\k 8ek`Xc`Xjè^ kf 9\jk I\e[\i d\el1 I\e[\ij\kkè^j#>\e\iXcgXe\c kfXZ_`\m\ `[\Xc\[^\jdffk_è^@cclj%-+ % 8ek`Xc`Xjè^ nXj Zfdgc\k\cp [\XZk`mXk\[ n_`c\ j\kkè^ lg Xe[ k\jkè^ k_\ jZ\e\ jèZ\`kjXYj\eZ\fecp_X[Xdèfi\]]\Zk fek_\i\e[\iè^Ëj^\fd\kipXe[Zfcfiè^% J\kk_\`dX^\j`q\ègò\cjFlkglkgXe\c# I\jfclk`fe Æ k_\ ^`m\e d\Xjli\d\ekj c\X[ kf X *''[g`$Y`kdXg Xj n`[\ Xj X gX^\f]k_`jYffb@cclj%-, %

-,

--

N\[feËke\\[8dY`\ekFZZclj`fefiXep fk_\igfjk\]]\Zkèk_`jZXj\% 8kdfjg_\i`Z i\]èè^ ZXe Y\ dfi\ X[\$ hlXk\cpXZ_`\m\[ègfjkgif[lZk`fe#ljè^ 8[fY\G_fkfj_fg]fi\oXdgc\% 9\]fi\ i\e[\iè^ k_\ jZ\e\ Zfdgc\k\cp# kXb\ k`d\ kf i\e[\i Zi`k`ZXc j\^d\ekj lj$ è^k_\I\e[\iI\^`feZfddXe[I\e[\i d\el#@cclj%-- % K_`j Xccfnj pfl kf Z_\Zb pfli c`^_kè^ j\klg ]fi nife^ j\kkè^j fi fk_\i ]cXnj @cclj%-. %

-.

-/

K_\e jkXik pfli i\e[\iè^ è k_\ G`Zkli\ M`\n\i @cclj% -/ # k_`j n`cc kXb\ X n_`c\ @cclj%-0 % K_\ i\e[\i\[ `dX^\ nXj gifZ\jj\[ Xe[ Zfcfi\[èG_fkfj_fg@cclj%-0Xe[.' %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

()0

.'

:_Xgk\i('×IffdjXe[M`j`Yc\C`^_k

-0

(*'

'(

((

IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip @ek_`jZ_Xgk\i#k_\X`d`jkfc`^_kXiffd n`k_ Yi`^_k [`]]lj\ c`^_k \ek\iè^ k_\ iffdk_ifl^_Xjljg\e[\[Z\`cè^#Xe[kf c`^_kfYa\ZkjÆg`Zkli\jèk_`jZXj\ÆXg$ gifgi`Xk\cp%K_\@ccljkiXk`feXYfm\j_fnj pfln_Xkk_\]èXci\jlckZXecffbc`b\@c$ clj%'( %

\eX[[`k`feXcc`^_kè^n`k_gXiXcc\cjgfkj% ?Xi[ j_X[fnj Xi\eËk e\Z\jjXip è k_`j ZXj\jèZ\n\n`ccZi\Xk\k_\[Xib\iXi\Xj Xcfe^k_\]iXd\jXe[iffdZfie\ijljè^ 8dY`\ekFZZclj`fe% K_\g_fkfîXg_jXi\dè\#k_\pj_fnk_\ _`^_i`j\ Yl`c[è^ Yl`ck Yp ?Xej Bfcc_f]] feGfkj[Xd\iGcXkqè9\icè% >\kkè^JkXik\[

N\n`cclj\XZfdYèXk`fef]Xi\Xc`^_kj ]fik_\iffd#k_\\o_`Y`k`fe`k\djXi\^`m$ ')

Fg\e k_\ ((VjkXik%Z+[ ]`c\ j\\ g% )*- % @k nXjZi\Xk\[n`k_M\ij`fe('% Pflj\\Xiffdn`k_XZ\`cè^$Zfej`jkè^ f] ]iXd\ Xe[ c`^_k gXe\j $ Xe[ g`Zkli\j _Xe^è^ fe k_\ nXccj% Hl`Zb J_X[è^ Cè\j `j lj\[ ]fi \e\iXc gXe\c f] k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\i# Xe[b\\g@ek\ej`kpj\kkf(''@cclj%'. % 8i\Xc`^_kXccfnjpflkfZ_ffj\Xepgfcp$ ^fe fi jgcè\ fYa\Zk j_Xg\ ]fi k_\ c`^_k jfliZ\% @e fli ZXj\ `k n`cc Y\ k_\ j_Xg\ f]k_\Z\`cè^%

:_Xgk\i((×IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip

''.

(*)

Kfj\c\Zkk_\j_Xg\#jn`kZ_kfk_\;\kX`cj gXe\cf]k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\ik_\c`^_k fYa\Zkj_flc[jk`ccY\j\c\Zk\[ %?\i\pfl ZXe[\]è\Xj_Xg\]fipfliXi\Xc`^_k@c$ clj%'/ %J\c\Zkk_\FYa\Zk&Jgcè\fgk`feè k_\8i\XJ_Xg\glcc$[fned\el% Efk\ k_Xk :è\dX +; Xk k_`j gcXZ\ fecp XZZ\gkjgfcp^feXc#efkgXiXd\ki`ZfYa\Zkj% ?fn\m\i# k_\ îflg f] k_\ Z\`cè^Êj c`^_k gcXe\jXci\X[p`jXgfcp^fefYa\Zk#Xjk_\ `Zfe è k_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i è[`ZXk\j @c$ clj%'/#kfg % N_`c\ k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXeX^\iÊj ;\kX`cj gXe\c `j jk`cc è ]ifek# gc\Xj\ [iX^ k_\ c`^_k gcXe\j fYa\Zk ]ifd k_\ FYa\Zk DXe$ X^\ièkfk_\FYa\Zk\ekip]`\c[@cclj%'/ % K_`j kliej k_\ Z\`cè^ c`^_k gcXe\j èkf X c`^_k jfliZ\# ef dXkk\i n_\i\ k_\ c`^_k pflgcXZ\[nXjè`k`XccpcfZXk\[% 8j pfl j\\# pfl [feËk _Xm\ kf nfiip XYflkk_\gfj`k`fe#ifkXk`feXe[j`q\f]Xe Xi\X c`^_k n`k_ Xe FYa\Zk&Jgcè\ j_Xg\2 efe\k_\c\jj`kdXpY\_\cg]lckfdfm\`k èkfk_\Zfii\Zkgfj`k`fe#\%^%`]pflnXek kfXjj\jj]Xccf]]iXe^\èk_\\e\iXcgXe\c#@cclj%() %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(**

K_\ i\e[\iè^ efn cffbj dlZ_ dfi\ [`]$ ]\i\ek`Xk\[@cclj%(* $k_\[ì\Zkc`^_kè^ ]ifdXYfm\Xgg\XijdlZ_dfi\ZfemèZ$ èêfn% N_Xk`jjk`ccd`jjè^`jX[[`k`feXcYi`^_k$ e\jj Zfdè^ ]ifd iffd jli]XZ\ i\]c\Z$ k`fej%\e\iXc gXe\c:fcfi1I),,#>),,#9)''#@cclj%(+ % <e_XeZ\ @ek\ej`kp kf ),'# jèZ\ pfl n`cc [\]è\Xjkife^]Xccf]]%9lkb\\g8i\Xkpg\# Xe[j_X[fnj_flc[i\dXè[\XZk`mXk\[%

(,

JèZ\k_\c`^_k`jd\Xekkfj`dlcXk\]cffi i\]c\Zk`fe#[iX^`kkfk_\jXd\_\`^_k:f$ fi[èXk\j gXe\c1 G%P 4 $(,'# @cclj% (, Xe[ (. %Klie`kèkfX_fi`qfekXcgfj`k`feI%G 4 0'2 k_`j nXj efk e\Z\jjXip ]fi k_\ Z\`c$ è^ c`^_k jèZ\ `k nXj cèb\[ kf k_\ c`^_k gcXe\jgfcp^fefYa\Zk % 8[aljk k_\ ^\fd\kip f] k_\ ]cffi ]`cc è k_\ ]ìjk gcXZ\ @cclj% (- 1 ]fi 8i\X J_Xg\# pflZ_ffj\I\ZkXe^c\#`kjj`q\j_flc[Zfi$ i\jgfe[ n`k_ k_\ iffd j`q\ J`q\ O# P 4 ,'' %DXb\jli\kfj\k=Xccf]]8e^c\kf' @cclj%(- %

:_Xgk\i((×IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip

(.

(-

(*+

?Xmè^dX[\pfliZfcfi#èk\ej`kp#j_Xg\# d\Xjli\d\ek Xe[ cfZXk`fe j\kkè^j# pfl ZXe [\Xc n`k_ X[[`k`feXc Xjg\Zkj f] k_`j c`^_k% (/

8jk_\]cffi]`cc`jjlggfj\[fecpkfYi`^_k$ \ek_\cfn\igXikf]k_\nXccj#lj\]Xccf]] X^Xè# n_`Z_ pfl ZXe j\k è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c#kffCè\Xi=Xccf]]#@cclj%(/ % C`d`k k_`j \]]\Zk kfXggifo`dXk\cp _Xc]f] k_\iffd_\`^_kIX[`lj&;\ZXp4*'' %

(0

@k `j X[m`jXYc\ kf \oZcl[\ k_\ g`Zkli\j ]ifd fli ]cffi i\]c\Zk`fe c`^_kè^# jèZ\ pfln`ccnfibfek_\ìj\klgcXk\i%Jn`kZ_ kfk_\JZ\e\gXe\cèk_\8kki`Ylk\jDXe$ X^\i#j\k#94.,#@cclj%)) % :cfj\ k_\ I\e[\i j\kkè^j# jn`kZ_ fe k_\ Z\`cè^ c`^_k X^Xè Xe[ i\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\ feZ\dfi\% @]i\e[\iè^kXb\jkffcfe^#fg\ek_\I\e$ [\i j\kkè^j X^Xè Xe[ i\[lZ\ 8dY`\ek FZZclj`feÊj DXo`dld JXdgc\j [iXjk`ZXc$ cpÆXck_fl^_k_`jn`ccdXb\k_\[Xib\e\[ Xi\XjXgg\XiîXè`\i%

)*

)+

)-

),

K_\i\jlck@cclj%)+ j_fnjXefYm`flj`d$ gifm\d\ekkfk_\mXi`Xekn`k_flk8dY`\ek FZZclj`fe@cclj%)* % G`Zkli\C`^_kè^ K_\ i\e[\iè^ i\m\Xcj k_\ g`Zkli\j jk`cc Xi\eËkgifg\icpjkX^\[èk_\jZ\e\Æk_\ n_`k\ YXZbîfle[ f] k_\ g_fkfîXg_j `j gXc\îXp% ?\eZ\ n\ e\\[ X[[`k`feXc c`^_k jfliZ\j k_Xkfecp`ccldèXk\k_\g`Zkli\j%JèZ\k_\ g`Zkli\jXi\i\ZkXe^lcXi#`k`ji\Zfdd\e[$ XYc\kflj\i\ZkXe^lcXigXiXcc\cjgfkj% GcXZ\Xe\nc`^_kXe[ZXcc`k=`ccG`Zkli\@c$ clj%), 2]fi`kjKpg\#Xjj`êJhlXi\GXiXc$ c\cJgfkèk_\>\e\iXcgXe\c@cclj%)- % PflZXej\\_fnk_\jgfknfibjYpcffb$ è^k_ifl^_k_\Xcc\ip

).

(*-

=ìjkn\n`ccnfibfek_\c`^_k[`d\ej`fe# jèZ\ k_\ g`Zkli\ `j efk jhlXi\# Ylk i\Zk$ Xe^lcXi% Pfl ZXe Z_Xe^\ k_\ j`q\ è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\cÆjèZ\k_\g`Zkli\j`q\`j)''o*''# pflj_flc[j\kk_\c`^_kÊjFlk\iIX[`ljkf (,'Xe[8jg\ZkIXk`fkf'%--@cclj%)/ %

)/

Cffb\[ k_ifl^_ k_\ \e\iXc gXe\c1 @ek\ej`kp 4 ,'# @cclj% *. % Efni\e[\ik_\jZ\e\#n`k_Xccpflic`^_kj Xe[ c`^_k èjkXeZ\j Æ k_\ k_i\\ g`Zkli\j Xi\`ccldèXk\[n`k_\hlXcYi`^_ke\jj@c$ clj%*/ %8ZklXccp#k_\pXi\XcdfjkXY`kkff Yi`^_kefn#Xj`]YXZbc`k%9lkk_\i\jlck`j jXk`j]XZkfip]fik_\dfd\ek%

:_Xgk\i((×IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip

*-

*/

*.

(*/

=`ccC`^_k]fik_\:\`cè^ K_\ i\e[\iè^ i\m\Xcj k_Xk k_\ le[\ijli$ ]XZ\ f] k_\ Z\`cè^ ZfejkilZk`fe `j Zfd$ gc\k\cpYcXZb#n_`Z_`jeËkjligi`jè^jèZ\ `kZXeËkY\i\XZ_\[YpXepf]k_\\o`jkè^ c`^_kjfliZ\j@cclj%*0 % <m\e k_fl^_ k_`j Xgg\Xij kf Y\ X dèfi [\kX`cXe[k_\]iXd\jkilZkli\`jXZklXccp YXZbc`k# n\ jk`cc nXek kf Yi`^_k\e `k X Y`k jfk_\`dX^\[f\jeËk_Xm\lee\Z\jjXi`cp _Xij_ZfekiXjkj%

*0

+(

K_\dfjkXggifgi`Xk\kffc]fik_`jgligfj\ `j#feZ\X^Xè#XeXi\Xc`^_k%@ek_`jZXj\ `k`jY\jkkflj\Xc`^_kk_Xk`jgfj`k`fe\[ Xj cfn Xj gfjj`Yc\ n`k_ i\]\i\eZ\ kf k_\ Z\`cè^#c`b\k_\]cffi]`cc% I\d\dY\i1 k_\ ]lik_\i X efe$gXiXcc\c c`^_kjfliZ\`j]ifdXjli]XZ\#k_\Yi`^_k\i `k j_è\j fe k_Xk jli]XZ\# jèZ\ k_\ c`^_k iXpjÊXe^c\Y\Zfd\jdfi\g\ig\e[`ZlcXi Xj [`jkXeZ\ èZi\Xj\j% K_\ dfi\ fYc`hl\ k_\Xe^c\#k_\[Xib\i`k^\kj%

+)

EfnZfgp=`cc=cffi#Xe[eXd\k_\[lgc`$ ZXk\=`cc:\`cè^@cclj%+' % J\c\Zk @eZcl[\ df[\ è k_\ JZ\e\ gXe\c Xe[[iX^=iXd\]ifdk_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i èkfk_\FYa\Zkj\ekip]`\c[@cclj%+( % I\[lZ\ Yi`^_ke\jj >\e\iXc gXe\c1 @ek\e$ j`kp4*,#@cclj%+) Xe[[\XZk`mXk\]Xccf]]è k_\;\kX`cjgXe\c=Xccf]]1Efe\#@cclj%+* %

+'

K_\ i\e[\iè^ efn j_fnj k_\ Z\`cè^Êj le[\ijli]XZ\ Y\è^ jc`^_kcp Yi`^_k\i @c$ clj%++ % I\e[\ij\kkè^j +*

++

8[aljkjfd\I\e[\ij\kkè^jY\]fi\jkXik$ è^pfli]èXc`dX^\i\e[\iè^kf`dgifm\ k_\`dX^\jËîXg_`ZXchlXc`kp% Fg\eI\e[\iJ\kkè^jI\e[\id\el #Xe[ j\k9\jk8ek`Xc`Xjè^èk_\>\e\iXcgXe\c kfXZ_`\m\`[\Xc\[^\jdffk_è^@cclj%+,2

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(*0

Xek`Xc`Xjè^ nXj Zfdgc\k\cp [\XZk`mXk\[ n_`c\ j\kkè^ lg k_\ jZ\e\ kf jXm\ pfl i\e[\iè^k`d\ % J\kk_\`dX^\j`q\ègò\cjFlkglkgXe\c1 I\jfclk`fe #k_\mXcl\jlj\[Zi\Xk\Xe`d$ X^\ k_Xk Zfm\ij k_\ ]lcc n`[k_ f] X gX^\ èk_`jYffbn`k_Xj\kkè^f]*''[g`%@c$ clj%+- % 9\]fi\i\e[\iè^k_\jZ\e\èkfkXc#kXb\ k`d\kfi\e[\iZi`k`ZXcj\^d\ekjljè^k_\ I\e[\i I\^`fe ZfddXe[ I\e[\i d\el % K_`j Xccfnj pfl kf Z_\Zb `] pfl ]fi^fk X j\kkè^ fi klie\[ f]] X c`^_k jfliZ\ Yp d`jkXb\@cclj%+. %

+,

+-

N_\epflÊi\[fe\n`k_k\jkè^#pfldXp I\e[\i kf G`Zkli\ M`\n\i I\e[\i D\el# @cclj%+/ %

+/

:_Xgk\i((×IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@×>Xcc\ip

+.

(+'

JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@×@ek\i`fif]k_\ KfdYXDXdYi\kk`Yp>l`j\gg\K\iiXê` K_\ KfdYX DXdYi\kk` `j Xe lei\Xc`q\[ gifa\Zk Yp k_\ @kXc`Xe XiZ_`k\Zk >l`j\gg\ K\iiXê`(0'+$(0+* %@k`jXjlYk\iiXe\Xe îXm\èn_`Z_k_\jXiZfg_X^`f]k_\[\X[ c`\èj_\c]$c`b\jgXZ\j% K_\gXikf]k_\kfdYXYfm\îfle[`jk_\ \ekiXeZ\Xi\X%8eXckXie`Z_\nXjèk\e[$ \[]fid\[`kXk`feXe[giXp\i% C`^_k\ek\ijk_\jkilZkli\k_ifl^_i\ZkXe$ ^lcXijc`kjgcXZ\[Y\kn\\ek_\Yfi[\iè^ nXcc Xe[ jgXZ\j Y\kn\\e k_\ nXccj Xe[ Z\`cè^# Xj pfl ZXe j\\ è k_\ i\e[\iè^ fek_\c\]k@cclj%'( % K_\^Xgf]k_\\ekiXeZ\Y\_è[k_\m`\n\i Xccfnjjlec`^_kkfg\e\kiXk\k_\èk\i`fi#`k Zi\Xk\jXjki`bèî`YYfef]c`^_kk_Xk_`kj Yfk_]cffiXe[XckXi%

'(

')

()

?\eZ\ k_\ jZ\e\ ]\Xkli\j Yfk_ X j\k f] cXp\ijf][`]]lj\c`^_kXe[fe\[ì\Zkc`^_k% Kf^\k_\ik_\pZi\Xk\XZfdgc\ojkilZkli\ f]Yi`^_ke\jjîX[`\ekjn`k_cXp\ijf]jf]k j_X[fnj% K_\ ^fXc è k_\ ]fccfnè^ Z_Xgk\i `j kf i\$Zi\Xk\k_`jjZ\e\n`k_k_\Xggifgi`Xk\ c`^_kfYa\Zkj%JèZ\pfln`ccfecpY\nfib$ è^ n`k_ Xi\X j_X[fnj# fe\ f] k_\ dXè fYa\Zk`m\jn`ccY\kfb\\gi\e[\iè^k`d\ n`k_è i\XjfeXYc\ c`d`kj Xj pfl [\m\cfg Xe[k\jkpflii\e[\iè^j% >\kkè^JkXik\[ Fg\e k_\ ()VjkXik%Z+[ ]`c\ j\\ g%)*- % @k nXjZi\Xk\[n`k_M\ij`fe('% Pfl ZXe j\\ k_\ iffd ]ifd Xe \ekiXeZ\ g\ijg\Zk`m\%Pflj\\k_\m`\ngfik`dX^\ `j Zc`gg\[ Yp îXp i\ZkXe^c\j $ k_\ `d$ X^\flkglkkfY\i\e[\i\[èk_\G`Zkli\ M`\n\in`cc_Xm\Xelgi`^_k]fidXk% >fliXl[J_X[è^nXjj\c\Zk\[]fik_\\e\iXc gXe\c1 @ek\ej`kp 4 ,''# @cclj% (* % :_ffj\ 8i\X ]fi pfli c`^_k Xe[ j_X[fn kpg\ è k_\ jXd\ gXe\c% J\k :pcè[\i Xj 8i\X J_Xg\èk_\;\kX`cjgXe\c@cclj%(, % @kj_flc[Y\('le`kjk_`ZbFlk\iIX[`lj4 , #c\e^k_J`q\Q j_flc[Y\j\kkf,,% DXb\ jli\ k_\ c`^_k JXdgc\j iXk\ `j j\k kf`kjcfn\jkgfjj`Yc\mXcl\(-%IfkXk\k_\ Zpcè[\i Xifle[ `kj P Xo`j :ffi[èXk\j gXe\c1 I%G 4 0' Xe[ dfm\ `k XYfm\ k_\ ^XgG%P4-,#G%Q4$)(#@cclj%(- % K_\ \e\iXc gXe\c @ek\e$ j`kp 4 ('''# @cclj% *( # Xe[ j\c\Zk8i\X ]fi Yfk_c`^_kXe[j_X[fnkpg\X^Xè%

:_Xgk\i()×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@×@ek%f]k_\KfdYXDXdYi\kk`

(+-

*+

;iX^ k_\ c`^_k fYa\Zk flknXi[j :ffi[`$ eXk\j gXe\c1 G%P 4 ()# G%Q 4 ,'# @cclj% ** % I\[lZ\ k_\ j`q\ f] k_\ i\ZkXe^c\ è k_\ ;\kX`cjgXe\cFlk\iIX[`lj4*'#@cclj%*+ % DXb\jli\k_\i\jfclk`fef]k_`jc`^_k`jXj cfnXjgfjj`Yc\JXdgc\j4(- %

*)

Jn`kZ_ kf k_\ \e\iXc gXe$ \c Æ j\c\Zk k_\ >\fd\kip fgk`fe jf k_\ Zfekflij è fli `dX^\ Xi\ X[\hlXk\cp jdffk_\e\[ @cclj% +) # k_`j n`cc Xcjf i\$ jlckè]è\ij_X[fndXgj% +*

++

@ek_\FlkglkgXe\c#j\kk_\`dX^\j`q\è gò\cj$k_\^`m\ed\Xjli\d\ekjc\X[kf Xg`Zkli\n`k_Xi\jfclk`fef]*''[g`fm\i k_\\ekì\jli]XZ\f]k_\Zfm\if]k_`jYffb I\jfclk`fe#@cclj%+* %

+,

PfldXp[`ji\^Xi[k_\i\jkf]k_\I\e[\i j\kkè^j# \%^% pfl [feËk e\\[ 8dY`\ek FZ$ Zclj`fe è k_`j ZXj\ jèZ\ pfli jZ\e\ `j iXk_\i [`]]lj\ Xe[ j_X[fnp# jf X[[`k`fe$ Xccp [Xib\e\[ iffd \[^\j nflc[ YXi\cp Y\i\Zfê`qXYc\% :è\dX+;e\\[jX[\Z\ekXdflekf]k`d\ kfi\e[\ik_\]èXc`dX^\#Xjpfl[\]è\[ _`^_cpi\jfcm\[Xi\Xj_X[fn]fi]`m\c`^_k fYa\Zkj# jf lj\ k_\ I\e[\i I\^`fe Zfd$ dXe[I\e[\id\el kfi\e[\iZi`k`ZXc`d$ X^\j\^d\ekj]ìjk@cclj%++Xe[+, % >f k_ifl^_ k_\ j\kkè^j f] Xcc pfli Xi\X c`^_kjfe\dfi\k`d\Xe[dXb\jli\k_\ JXdgc\j iXk\ `j (- ]fi \XZ_ c`^_k Y\]fi\ ]èXccpi\e[\iè^k_\`dX^\kfk_\G`Zkli\ M`\n\i% K_`j gifZ\jj kXb\j X Y`k f] k`d\# Ylk pfl ZXe i\Zfê`q\ _fn Yfk_ k_\ j_X[fnÊj _`^_ Y`kdXg i\jfclk`fe Xe[ Xek`Xc`Xjè^ _Xm\ Xe fYm`flj `dgXZk fe k_\ `dX^\Êj hlXc`kp@cclj%+, %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(+0

:_Xgk\i()×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@×@ek%f]k_\KfdYXDXdYi\kk`

(,'

'(

(* ')

JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@@×l`j\gg\K\iiXê` @ek_`jZ_Xgk\i#n\Xi\^fè^kfc\Xm\k_\ èj`[\f]k_\kfdYXe[ZfeZ\ekiXk\feXe flkj`[\jZ\e\]fiXZ_Xe^\%K_\gi`dXip ^fXc_\i\`jkfZi\Xk\XeXkdfjg_\i`ZXccp Xggifgi`Xk\ i\cXk`fej_`g Y\kn\\e [`]$ ]lj\ Xe[ [ì\Zk\[ [Xpc`^_k Æ @ccljkiXk`fe '(j_fnjXgfjj`Yc\i\jlck%JèZ\k_\fY$ a\Zk`jXdfi\Zfdgc\oXiZ_`k\Zkli\df[\c# gXik f] pfli kXjb n`cc Y\ kf gi\gXi\ k_\

`dgfik\[ :88; jkilZkli\ ]fi pfli c`^_k j\klg# n_`Z_ dXb\j k_`j X i\m`\n Xe[ giXZk`ZXcXggc`ZXk`fef]k_\befnc\[^\n\ ^Xk_\i\[è:_Xgk\i'*#:88;@dgfikXe[ Df[\cJ\klg% Fg\e k_\ (*VjkXik%Z+[ ]`c\ j\\ g% )*- % Pflj\\Xdf[\ck_Xkj\\djiXk_\ijdXcc Xe[cfe\jfd\èk_\\e\iXc1 @ek\ej`kp 4 (''# @cclj% +( # Xe[ cfn\i k_\ Jle J_X[fnËj X Y`k @ek\ej`kp 4 .,# @cclj% +) % =fi Jle J_X[fn# pfl _Xm\ kf Z_\Zb Xe$ fk_\ifgk`fe;\kX`cjgXe\c1J_X[fn:Xjk$ \i# @cclj% +* kf dXb\ jli\ k_`j c`^_k fecp Zi\Xk\j j_X[fnj# Xe[ b\\gj `k ]ifd [`j$ ki`Ylkè^c`^_kkfk_\jZ\e\% J\c\Zk 8i\X Xj k_\ jle j_X[fnËj kpg\ @c$ clj% +) # jf `k `jeËk Xj j_Xig$\[^\[ Xe[ Xik`]`Z`XcÆ]fiXgXiXcc\cc`^_kjfliZ\#k_\ kiXej`k`feY\kn\\e_Xi[Xe[jf]kj_X[fn ZXe Y\ X[aljk\[ è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c è fli \oXdgc\1 @e]è`k\ 8e^c\ 4 '%,# @cclj% +* %

+*

DXb\jli\efj_X[fn`j[\]è\[]fiJle C`^_k@cclj%+( % 8j XcnXpj n_\e pfl lj\ Xi\X j_X[fn# pfl _Xm\ kf cfn\i `kj i\jfclk`fe kf jXm\ k`d\[liè^pflik\jki\e[\iè^j%=fik_\ jXb\ f] j`dgc`Z`kp# pfl j_flc[ [f k_`j ]fiJleJ_X[fnXe[;`]]lj\Xkk_\jXd\ k`d\% J\c\Zk Yfk_ Xe[ j\k k_\ DXo`dld JXd$ gc\j mXcl\ kf (' è k_\ 8kki`Ylk\j DXe$ X^\iËjJ_X[fngXe\c#n_`Z_efnZfekifcj Yfk_c`^_kj@cclj%++ % Jn`kZ_ f]] ;`]]lj\ Xe[ i\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\% Pfl ZXe j\\ _fn Yfk_ jlej Zfdgc\d\ek \XZ_fk_\in`k_[`]]\i\ek\]]\Zkj@cclj%+, Æ n`k_flk jg\Z`]`ZXccp [\]èè^ k_\ kXjbj f]Yfk_è]è`k\c`^_kjfliZ\j#Xccjli]XZ\j è k_\ _Xi[ j_X[fn Xi\X nflc[ Y\ Zfd$ gc\k\cpYcXZb% Cfn\i k_\ ;`]]lj\Ëj Yi`^_ke\jj jf k_\ jZ\e\ [f\jeËk Y\Zfd\ fm\i\ogfj\[ @e$ k\ej`kp 4 )),# @cclj% +- % Klie ;`]]lj\ fe X^Xè Xe[ i\e[\i k_\ jZ\e\ fe\ dfi\ k`d\% K_\ i\jlck cffbj gi\kkp ^ff[% K_\ [`]]lj\Xe[[ì\Zkc`^_kZfdgc\d\ek\XZ_ fk_\ijlZZ\jj]lccp@cclj%+. %

:_Xgk\i(*×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@@×\e\iXc gXe\c1 @ek\ej`kp4$., %

,'

,(

Kf c`d`k k_`j \]]\Zk kf k_\ df[\c J`k\ Xe[ =cffi# jn`kZ_ kf k_\ JZ\e\ gXe\c% J\k k_\ @eZcl[\df[\Xe[[iX^Yfk_fYa\Zkj]ifd k_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\ièkfk_\FYa\Zkj\ekip ]`\c[% @cclj% ,(2 pfl dXp _Xm\ kf \ogXe[ k_\KfdYXelccfYa\ZkY\]fi\pfl[fk_`j % J\kkè^j]fik_\=èXcI\e[\iè^ 8jljlXc#Y\]fi\cXleZ_è^pfli]èXci\e$ [\iè^ pfl _Xm\ kf dXb\ X ]\n X[aljk$

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(-(

d\ekjkf`dgifm\k_\hlXc`kp%I\e[\iè^ k`d\`jeËkXjZi`k`ZXcXepdfi\% =fi;`]]lj\Xe[JleJ_X[fn#]ìjkèZi\Xj\ k_\ j_X[fnËj Y`kdXg i\jfclk`fe J_X[fn gXe\c18ZZliXZp4(''#Dè`dldJXdgc\j 4),#DXo`dldJXdgc\j4(''#@cclj%,) % J\c\Zk8ek`Xc`Xjè^èk_\>\e\iXcgXe\cf] k_\ I\e[\i j\kkè^j >\fd\kip# @cclj% ,* # Xe[ XZk`mXk\ 8dY`\ek FZZclj`fe n`k_ X îXp$kf$n_`k\îX[`\ek#@cclj%,+ % 8j pfl j\\ è k_\ m`\ngfik i\e[\iè^# c`^_k [`jki`Ylk`fe j\\dj YXcXeZ\[ efn2 k_\ jle$Zi\Xk\[ j_X[fn cffbj [\]è\[# n`k_flkY\è^kffj_Xig$\[^\[@cclj%,, % ,+

,)

,*

,,

:_Xgk\i(*×JleXe[;`]]lj\C`^_k@@@×\e\iXcgXe\c1@ek\ej`kp4)'' % Pfl n`cc _Xm\ kf gcXZ\ X =cffi fYa\Zk è k_\jZ\e\Y\]fi\_Xmè^j_X[fnjfek_\ îfle[% G`ZbX=cffi]ifdk_\JZ\e\FYa\Zkjd\el èk_\lgg\iZfddXe[YXiXe[c\Xm\`kj gfj`k`feXj`k`j% 0+

Pflj_flc[lj\XZXd\iXkf^\kXe`Z\g\i$ jg\Zk`m\% GcXZ\fe\]ifdk_\JZ\e\FYa\Zkjd\el Xjn\cc Xe[\ek\ik_\]fccfnè^mXcl\jè k_\:ffi[èXk\jgXe\c@cclj%0+1G%O4(('# G%P4,),#G%Q4$/,#I%?4,,#I%G4$-,#,% B\\gk_\]fZXcc\e^k_Xk*-% Efnjn`kZ_kfpflie\nZXd\iXcfYXc JZXc\ kf (, kf dXb\ `k jdXcc\i%

0.

Pfl ZXe j\\ X YcXZb$\[^\[ c\]k Xiifn è k_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\iÊjd\elifn%:c`Zb fek_\Xiifnkf^fYXZbkfk_\:fcfiZ_Xe$ e\cÊj kfg c\m\c# Xe[ k_\e jn`kZ_ kf k_\ 9ldg:_Xee\c%

0/

00

J\c\Zk X ef`j\ è k_\ Yldg K\okli\ glcc$ [fneXjn\cc% 8jk_\Z_Xee\cÊjeXd\jl^^\jkj#k_`jef`j\ n`ccZi\Xk\Xi\c`\]\]]\Zkn`k_XîXpjZXc\ `dX^\@cclj%0/ %@ek_`jZ_Xee\cpflZXe [\]è\k_\jki\e^k_f]k_\i\c`\]\]]\Zk#Xj n\ccXjk_\[ì\Zk`fe% N_\eJki\e^k_`jgfj`k`m\#k_\c`^_kXi\Xj n`cc Xgg\Xi kf Y\ iX`j\[2 `] k_\ Jki\e^k_ jc`[\ `j è k_\ dèlj Xi\X# k_\p n`cc Y\ i\Z\jj\[% K_\ [ì\Zk`fe `j j\Zfe[Xip è k_`j ZXj\# Ylkn\[feËknXekkffm\i[fk_è^jn`k_ k_\ i\c`\] jki\e^k_# X mXcl\ f] (' j_flc[ Y\aljk]è\%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(0*

:c`Zb fe k_\ j_X[\i dè`Xkli\ kf XZZ\jj k_\ef`j\j\kkè^j% :_ffj\Xe=9Dk_`jk`d\n`k_('FZkXm\j Xe[X>cfYXcJZXc\f],'@cclj%0028ZZfi[$ è^ kf k_\ _Xe[Yffb# k_\ fZkXm\j [\]è\ k_\c\m\cf][\kX`c % Pfl Xcjf nXek kf [\]è\ X Z_XiXZk\i`jk`Z jli]XZ\]fik_\iX`cè^% :i\Xk\Xe\ndXk\i`XcXe[Xjj`ê`kkfk_\ iX`cè^\c\d\ekj% K_\ \Xj`\jk nXp kf [f k_`j `j kf Zfejfc`$ [Xk\Xccf]k_\dèXelccfYa\Zk`%\%#k_\ gfcp^fefYa\Zk]fik_\]ìjkiX`cè^YXi#`kj Zfg`\j#k_\eliYjjkilZkli\lj\[kfZi\Xk\ k_\ _Xe[iX`c Xe[ `kj Zfg`\j1 FYa\Zk DXe$ X^\iËjFYa\Zkd\el1>iflgFYa\Zkj % ?Xmè^Zi\Xk\[k_`je\nelccfYa\Zk#pfl dXp[iX^pflij\Zfe[dXk\i`Xcfekf`k%

(''

@e k_\ 9Xj`Z gXe\c f] k_\ e\n dXk\i`XcÊj j\kkè^j# c\Xm\ k_\ Jg\ZlcXi Xe[ XZk`mXk\ I\]c\Zk`feX[[`k`feXccp% @ek_\:fcfiZ_Xee\c#j\k9i`^_ke\jjkf('' @cclj%('' #èk_\I\]c\Zk`feZ_Xee\c#pfl i\[lZ\k_\i\]c\Zk`fejki\e^k_9i`^_ke\jj 4)'#@cclj%('( % =fi k_\ d\kXcc`Z jli]XZ\# X j_Xigcp Zfe$ kfli\[jg\ZlcXi`jZ_XiXZk\i`jk`Z% Jn`kZ_kfk_\i\jg\Zk`m\Z_Xee\cXe[j\k k_\ D\kXc df[\% K_`j kliej k_\ dXk\i`Xc iXk_\i [Xib fm\iXcc# n_`c\ jki\jjè^ k_\ jg\ZlcXi@cclj%(' % Pfl ZXe Zi\Xk\ X j_Xig$\[^\[ jg\ZlcXi Yp j\kkè^ X i\cXk`m\cp _`^_ mXcl\ ]fi @e$ e\iN`[k_+'èfliZXj\ Xe[Xe\^Xk`m\ =Xccf]]mXcl\$), %

('(

I\e[\iXj\^d\ekf]k_\jZ\e\Æk_\dX$ k\i`Xc jli]XZ\j j\\d X Y`k XYjkiXZk# Ylk [`jkèZk@cclj%('* %

:_Xgk\i(+×IffdjXe[FYa\Zkj@@×JgìXcJkXìZXj\

('*

(')

(0+

('+

8Zk`mXk\8ek`Xc`Xjè^Y\]fi\pfljkXikpfli ]èXci\e[\ièÎ\e[\ij\kkè^jÊ>\e\iXc gXe\c1 >\fd\kip# @cclj% (', % ;liè^ pfli ZfejkilZk`fe Xe[ k\jk$i\e[\i g_Xj\ pfl Zflc[ [f n`k_flk# n_`Z_ jXm\[ pfl X cfk f]i\e[\ik`d\#Ylk]fipfli]èXcpflnXek kf^\kjdffk_\[^\j% 8ek`Xc`Xjè^XcjfîXekjX_`^_\ij_X[fn Y`kdXgi\jfclk`fe%

(',

('-

8dY`\ek FZZclj`fe @cclj% ('- dXb\j k_\ `dX^\ j\\d X Y`k dfi\ Èi\XcÉ cXk\i% @k ^`m\j pfli df[\c [`]]lj\ [Xib Zfie\ij# le]fikleXk\cpXkk_\\og\ej\f]Zfej`[\i$ XYcpcfe^\ii\e[\iè^k`d\% Kf i\[lZ\ k_`j [`jX[mXekX^\# i\[lZ\ XZ$ ZliXZp Xe[ i\jfclk`fe mXcl\j 8ZZliXZp 4 ,'# Dè`dld JXdgc\j 4 ('# DXo`dld JXdgc\j4+' % @eZi\Xj\ k_\ j_X[fn i\jfclk`fe ]fi Yfk_ c`^_k jfliZ\j J_X[fn gXe\c1 8ZZliXZp 4 .,# Dè`dld JXdgc\j 4 )'# DXo`dld JXdgc\j4('' %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(0,

('.

@] pfl Xi\eËk jli\ f] k_\ \]]\Zk k_\j\ gX$ iXd\k\ij n`cc _Xm\# i\e[\i j\^d\ekj f] k_\jZ\e\kfZ_\Zb% EfnjkXikpflii\e[\iè^%8jpflZXej\\# `kkXb\jXY`kcfe^\ik_`jk`d\@cclj%('+ % @ kffb k_\ c`Y\ikp f] i\e[\iè^ X j\Zfe[ g\ijg\Zk`m\@cclj%('. %=fik_`jm`\n#k_\ jle Xe[ [`]]lj\ c`^_k n\i\ [\XZk`mXk\[ Xe[XeX[[`k`feXcXi\Xc`^_kèm\ek\[$è _\d`jg_\i\ j_Xg\ Xj n\cc# Ylk èm\ik\[ k_`j k`d\ @cclj% ('0 % JèZ\ k_\ m`\n `j ]ifdY\cfnXjn\cc#k_\îfle[_X[kfY\ \oZcl[\[]ifdi\e[\iè^% K_\ZfejkilZk`fef]k_\jgìXcZXj\`jZfd$ gc\k\%8jpflZXej\\#pfl_Xm\kfY\m\ip gi\Z`j\ n_\e df[\cè^% 8e \Zfefd`$ ZXc gfcp^fe jkilZkli\ k_Xk ZXe Y\ \Xj`cp dXeX^\[ è k_\ \idXe Yi`Zb j`q\ dp `dX^\ nflc[ Zfm\i X nXcc jli]XZ\ f] ,#,'d o *#)'dèi\Xc`kp% K_`j bè[ f] dfekX^\ kXb\j hl`k\ jfd\ k`d\#YlkXkc\Xjkk_\i\n`ccY\efk`c\i\g$ \k`k`feèXnXcck_`jj`q\% Gc\Xj\efk\k_Xkdp`dX^\#k_fl^__l^\# `jefkgi\gXi\[]fij\Xdc\jjk`cè^%K_lj k_\ kiXej`k`fe Xk k_\ nXcc Zfie\ij n_\i\ knf îXg_`Zj d\\k nfeÊk cffb g\i]\Zk X ]cXnpflnflc[[\]è`k\cpjfikflkèG_f$ kfj_fg %

'*

Cffb Xk @ccljkiXk`fej '( Xe[ ')# n_`Z_ j_fnk_\]è`j_\[i\e[\iè^% B\\g è dè[ k_Xk k_\ Yi`Zb `dX^\ `j X G_fkfj_fg ]`c\# Ylk k_\ èk\ijk`Z\j n\i\ Zi\Xk\[ ljè^ X :è\dX +; j_X[\i X ef`j\ % K_\ èk\ijk`Z\ i\c`\] `j efk df[\c\[# Ylk k_\ i\jlck f] k\okli\ df[lcXk`fe jf$ ZXcc\[YldgdXggè^ %

'+

Fg\ek_\(,VYi`Zb%gj[]`c\k_Xkj_fnjk_\ Yi`Zbjli]XZ\èG_fkfj_fg@cclj%'* % 8cck_\jkfe\jXi\fefe\cXp\i#k_\èk\i$ jk`Z\jgXZ\`jkiXejgXi\ek%K_\èk\ijk`Z\Êj îXp `j Zi\Xk\[ Yp k_\ jfc`[ Zfcfi cXp\i le[\ie\Xk_@cclj%'+ % 8ck_fl^_k_\hlXc`kpf]k_\G_fkfj_fg`d$ X^\ `j `dgi\jj`m\# `k `j _Xi[cp lj\]lc ]fi k\okliè^[l\kf`kjj`q\% KXb\k`d\kfXjj\jj_fncXi^\k_\m`j`Yc\ nXccj\^d\ekn`ccY\èk_\i\e[\iè^% ;`m`[\ k_\ Xggifo`dXk\ j`q\ è Z\ek`d\$ k\ij Yp )%,+ Xe[ dlck`gcp k_\ i\jlck Yp (,'% K_`j `j k_\ dXo`dld gò\c j`q\ pfl n`cc e\\[ (,' [g` j_flc[ Y\ \efl^_ ]fi k_`j bè[f]k\okli\ %FliG_fkfj_fg]`c\nflc[ Zfm\iX(*'Zd$n`[\`dX^\YXj\[fek_`j ZXcZlcXk`fe J\c\Zkk_\@dX^\J`q\ZfddXe[]ifdk_\ @dX^\d\el@cclj%', ÆZ_Xe^\k_\i\jf$

:_Xgk\i(,×K\okli\Xe[FYa\Zk×9i`ZbNXcc

'-

',

(0/

clk`fekf.)[g`èk_\nè[fnk_Xkfg\ej lg@cclj%'- % Pfl ZXe j\\ _fn k_\ gò\c Xdflek [\$ Zi\Xj\j è k_\ lgg\i gXik f] k_\ [`Xcf^% 8j pfl d`^_k befn# _Xcmè^ k_\ i\jfcl$ k`fej_ièbjk_\]`c\j`q\kfX]flik_f]`kj è`k`Xcj`q\% K_\ gò\c i\[lZk`fe nXj k_\ ]ìjk jk\g kf$ nXi[j dXbè^ k_\ îXg_`Z `dX^\ dfi\ dXeX^\XYc\ ]fi lj\ è :è\dX +; Æ k_\ j\Zfe[ `j kf Zfdgi\jj k_\ `dX^\ èkf X jl`kXYc\\ogfik]fidXk%

'.

K_\ JXm\ =fi N\Y ;\m`Z\j ZfddXe[ ^`m\jpflk_\Y\jkZfekifcfm\ik_\i\jlck =`c\ d\el# @cclj% '. # Ylk G_fkfj_fg n`cc nXiepfl]ìjk% :fe]ìdk_\[`Xcf^n`k_P\j@cclj%'/ % '/

8 jlY$gifîXd fg\ej lg è n_`Z_ pfl ZXe gi\gXi\ pfli ]`c\ kf Y\ \ogfik\[ Æ dfjk`dgfikXekcp#`k^`m\jpflXZ_XeZ\f] gi\m`\nè^k_\hlXc`kpf]k_\]fidXkpfl _Xm\Z_fj\e% Kf^^c\ k_\ )$Lg gXe\c @cclj% '0 2 pflÊcc j\\knf`dX^\jXgg\Xi#k_\c\]kf]n_`Z_ [`jgcXpè^ k_\ fi`^èXc `dX^\# k_\ i`^_k fe\ j_fnè^ k_\ \ogfik gi\m`\n% Gc\Xj\ Y\gXk`\ek#k_\[`jgcXpgifZ\jjdXpkXb\ Xdfd\ek%

'0

:_ffj\AGd`[[c\]ifdk_\[\]Xlckj\k$ kè^j glcc$[fne @cclj% (' % 8ck\ieXk`m\cp# pfl ZXe j\c\Zk k_\ Zfii\jgfe[è^ Zfd$ gi\jj`fe Xc^fi`k_dj ]ifd k_\ glcc$[fne d\eljle[\ie\Xk_% ('

((

K_\[\]XlckAGj\kkè^f]]\iji\cXk`m\cp _`^_ Zfdgi\jj`fe# hlXc`kp c\m\c `j *' fe XjZXc\f](''% PflZXe[\k\ZkfYm`flj[`]]\i\eZ\jèk_\ knfnè[fnj#\jg\Z`Xccpn_\epflqffd è Æ k_\ AG `j Yclii\[# i\m\Xcè^ gò\c Xik\]XZkjk_XkXi\kpg`ZXcf]YX[AGj% 9lkk_\]`c\j`q\_Xjj_ilebZfej`[\iXYcp# Xe[k_XkÊjgi\kkp^ff[@cclj%(( %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

(00

()

(*

JèZ\ k_\ ]`c\ jk`cc _Xj dfi\ gò\cj k_Xe n\XZklXccpe\\[#n\n`ccb\\gk_\j\c\Zk$ \[]fidXk%:c`ZbJXm\Xe[Z_ffj\XgXk_f] pfliZ_f`Z\]fipfliZfdgi\jj\[]`c\% :cfj\ pfli fi`^èXc GJ; ]`c\ n`k_flk jXm$ è^#kfb\\g`kjè`k`XchlXc`kp% Efnn\nXekkfgifa\Zkk_`jk\okli\feX jl`kXYc\df[\cljè^:è\dX+;% Fg\ek_\gifîXdXe[gcXZ\XZlY\]ifd k_\Gi`d`k`m\FYa\Zkjd\elèk_\\dgkp jZ\e\% DXb\k_\ZlY\cXi^\\efl^_]fik_\Yi`Zb k\okli\ kf ]`k fe `k è k_\ Zfii\Zk gifgfi$ k`feFYa\ZkgXe\c1J`q\OXe[Q4,,'#J`q\ P 4 *)'# @cclj% () % K_\ iXpjZXc\#@cclj%,) %

,)

K_\e#feZ\dfi\#JXm\]fiN\Y;\m`Z\j =`c\ d\el % :fe]ìd G_fkfj_fgÊj k`d`[ hl\jk`fen`k_P\j@cclj%,* % PflZXeZcfj\pflifi`^èXcGJ;]`c\n`k_$ flkjXmè^XjjffeXjpfl_Xm\jXm\[X Zfgpf]pfli`dX^\XjAG% 9XZb kf :è\dX +;% N`k_ k_\ >iXpjZXc\ pfl aljk Zi\Xk\[ n_`Z_ `j è ]XZk YcXZb Xe[n_`k\ pflÊccdXjbpfliYi`Zbk\okli\ Xe[k_ljdXb\nXp]fik_\j_X[\[èk\i$ jk`Z\`dX^\% EXm`^Xk\[fnenXi[jpflidXk\i`XcÊj:fc$ fiZ_Xee\ckfpfliCXp\ij\kkè^j%;\c\k\ k_\Ef`j\Xe[?JCcXp\iji`^_k$Zc`Zb1I\$ dfm\#@cclj%,+ %

:_Xgk\i(,×K\okli\Xe[FYa\Zk×9i`ZbNXcc

,+

,*

)'/

Flijfg_`jk`ZXk\[jkiXk\^pkfXjj`êknf [`]]\i\ek`dX^\jèfe\dXk\i`Xc[\dXe[j aljkXefk_\ii\]è\[]\Xkli\f]:è\dX+;% Dòè^ knf k\okli\j è fe\ dXk\i`Xc Z_Xee\c#n`k_XdXjbèY\kn\\e#Xjbj]fi k_\=lj`fej_X[\i% Dfm\ kf k_\ kfg f] pfli dXk\i`XcËj :fcfi Z_Xee\c Xe[ i\gcXZ\ k_\ CXp\i n`k_ k_\ =lj`fej_X[\i@cclj%,, % Hl`k\ jZXiè^cp# \m\ipk_è^ kliej YcXZb $ Yfk_ k_\ j_X[\i dè`Xkli\ è k_\ 8kki`$ Ylk\jDXeX^\iXe[k_\ZlY\èk_\\e\iXcgXe\c1 @ek\ej`kp4(),#@cclj%.. #Xe[]fiKpg\#j\$ c\Zk 8i\X Æ j_X[fn j_flc[ i\dXè [\XZ$ k`mXk\[% KXb\ ZXi\ f] k_\ c`^_k[fd\ j_Xg\ è k_\ ;\kX`cj gXe\c Æ j\c\Zk ?\d`jg_\i\ 8i\X J_Xg\#@cclj%./ n`k_X[`Xd\k\if],''' le`kjFlk\iIX[`lj4),'' % I\[lZ\ k_\ jXdgcè^ iXk\ _\i\ Xj n\cc j\kJXdgc\jkf`kjcfn\jkgfjj`Yc\mXcl\4 (- #kf\ejli\i\XjfeXYc\i\e[\ik`d\j%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)(*

8cffbk_ifl^_k_\\e\iXc gXe\c Y\]fi\ jkXikè^ pfli k\jk i\e[\i$ è^% K_fl^_k_`jdXpè]cl\eZ\k_\[`jgcXpf] \[^\jXjn\ccXjk_\i\c`\]\]]\Zk#jXmè^ i\e[\ik`d\gXpjpflf]]#X]k\iXccpflaljk nXekkfjkl[ppflic`^_kj\klgÊjhlXc`kp%

.0

K_\ Yi`^_ke\jj `j X[\hlXk\# jèZ\ pfl n`cc_Xm\Xefk_\ic`^_kXepnXp]fi[ì\Zk jlec`^_k#@cclj%/' % Kf [f jf# gcXZ\ Xefk_\i c`^_k# Xe[ ZXcc `k Jle% J\c\Zk Xe @e]è`k\ Zi\Xkè^ _Xi[ j_X[fn >\e\iXcgXe\c1IXpkiXZ\[?Xi[ #@cclj%/( % B\\g@ek\ej`kpj\kkf(''% Pfl befn `kÊj efk k_\ gfj`k`fe f] X gXiXc$ c\c c`^_k k_Xk `j `dgfikXek# Ylk k_\ [ì\Z$ k`fe$j\kgifg\imXcl\jèk_\:ffi[èXk\j gXe\cI%?4$+,#I%G4$),#@cclj%/) % /'

K_\ m`\n k_ifl^_ k_\ \e\iXcgXe$ \c n`k_ e\^Xk`m\ Yi`^_ke\jj @ek\ej`kp 4 $.,#@cclj%/, % @k[f\jeËk_Xm\kfZXjkj_X[fnj#f]Zflij\% /,

8^Xè# k_\ c`^_kÊj [ì\Zk`fe `j ZilZ`Xc2 j\k k_\ I%G Xe^c\ kf $0' è k_\ :ffi[èXk\j gXe\c#jfk_\c`^_kiXpj_`kk_\îfle[fi$ k_f^feXccp@cclj%/- % DXb\ jli\ k_`j Èc`^_kÉ fecp [Xib\ej k_\ îfle[#jfjn`kZ_kfk_\JZ\e\gXe\c#j\k @eZcl[\df[\Xe[[iX^k_\]cffi]ifdk_\ FYa\Zk DXeX^\i èkf k_\ FYa\Zkj \ekip ]`\c[@cclj%/. %

/-

8 k\jk i\e[\iè^ aljk X j\^d\ek X^Xè j_fnj pfl k_\ i\jlck% 9fk_ îfle[ Xe[ j_X[fn Xi\ jl]]`Z`\ekcp [Xib\e\[ efn @cclj%// %

/.

//

/0

K_`j dXibj k_\ \e[ f] fli jZ\e\ j\klg% FlidXè]fZljk_`jk`d\nXjfe_Xe[cè^ k_\Yi`Zbk\okli\% KfZcfj\#n\Êcc^fk_ifl^_k_\I\e[\ij\k$ kè^j feZ\ dfi\ kf `dgifm\ k_\ ]èXc `d$ X^\ÊjhlXc`kp% K_\ ]ìjk k_è^ pfl j_flc[ [f ]fi X ]èXc i\e[\iè^`jkfZ_ffj\8ek`Xc`Xjè^9\jk èk_`jZXj\#èk_\>\e\iXcgXe\cf]pfli E\nI\e[\ij\kkè^j#@cclj%/0 %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)(,

K_`jjdffk_\eji\XcfYa\Zk\[^\jXjn\cc Xjk_\j_X[fnÊj\[^\jXe[k_\j`dlcXk\[ Yi`Zbi\c`\]% @epflijZ\e\#8dY`\ekFZZclj`fe`jefkX YX[ `[\X# \`k_\i Æ Z_\Zb `k è k_\ i\jg\Z$ k`m\gXe\c@cclj%0'2b\\gk_\[\]Xlckj\k$ kè^j % 9lkb\\gèdè[k_Xk8F`jeXjkpèk\idj f]i\e[\iè^k`d\j%9\]fi\pfl^\kdX[Xk k_`j# cfn\i k_\ 8F JXdgc\j iXk\j kf XY$ Yi\m`Xk\i\e[\iè^k`d\% K_\ i\e[\iè^ Xgg\Xij i`Z_cp Zfcfi\[ @c$ clj%0( %N\_Xm\efnjfcm\[XkXjbk_Xk i\hlì\[ X Yi`Zb k\okli\ dX[\ f] Y`kdXg `dX^\j f] i\Xc Yi`Zbj ZfdYè\[ n`k_ X ÈYc\e[É f] dXk_\dXk`ZXccp ^\e\iXk\[ è$ k\ijk`Z\Xe[i\c`\]jli]XZ\j% 8 Zcfj\i cffb j_fnj pfl k_Xk k_\ Yi`Zb jli]XZ\j[fefkdXkZ_lggifg\icpèk_\ Zfie\ij% Pfl ZXe jfcm\ k_`j gifYc\d Yp Xggcpè^ k_\Yi`ZbdXk\i`Xckfk_\j\knfnXcc]XZ\j

0'

j\gXiXk\cp% K_\e pfl ZXe dfm\ k_\ knf k\okli\jlek`ck_\Zfie\icffbji`^_k%k\o$ kliè^j\gXiXk\jli]XZ\jf]fe\jè^c\fY$ a\Zk`j[`jZljj\[feg%*) % KXb\ k`d\ kf kip `k flk% 9\ XnXi\ k_Xk kf dfm\ X k\okli\ pfl _Xm\ kf Z_Xe^\ `kj gifa\Zk`fe ]ifd LMN kf :lY`Z dXggè^ j\\g%)'( % 8[[`k`feXccp# pflÊcc _Xm\ kf g`Zb k_\ K\o$ kli\ kffc c\]k ZfddXe[ YXi Y\]fi\ pfl ZXejc`[\k_\Yi`Zb`dX^\YXZbXe[]fik_ fek_\YcfZb% 0(

:_Xgk\i(,×K\okli\Xe[FYa\Zk×9i`ZbNXcc

)(-

'(

(')

Dlck`$GXjj I\e[\iè^ è :è\dX +; × :fdgfj`kè^èG_fkfj_fg K_\k\idi\e[\iè^`jf]k\elj\[k_ifl^_$ flkflinfib]cfnÆn_`c\nfibè^fepfli jZ\e\j\klg#pfllj\`kkfZ_\ZbpflidX$ k\i`Xc Xe[ c`^_k \]]\Zkj \mXclXkè^ j_X[$ fnj# kiXejgXi\eZp Xe[ i\]c\Zk`fe dXb\j fecp j\ej\ è X i\e[\iè^# ]fi \oXdgc\ # Xe[ è k_\ \e[ pfl e\\[ `k kf ZXcZlcXk\ pfli]èXc`dX^\fiXe`dXk`fe#n_`Z_pfl ZXe \ogfik Xe[ gifZ\jj ]lik_\i è gfjk$

gif[lZk`fe%I`^_k]ifdk_\Y\^èeè^#pfl j_flc[Y\XnXi\f]k_\]XZkk_XkpflZXe \[`k k_\ i\jlck f] pfli *; nfib n`k_ X eldY\if]Zfdgfj`kè^gifîXdj% @e dfjk ZXj\j# `dX^\j Xe[ Xe`dXk`fej Zi\Xk\[è:è\dX+;Xi\aljkefkg\i]\Zk \efl^_ kf Y\ lj\[ n`k_flk gfjkgif[lZ$ k`fe% G_fkfj_fg`jn`k_flk[flYkk_\dfjk`d$ gfikXekgfjkgif[lZk`fekffcn_\e`kZfd\j kffgk`d`qè^Xjk`cc`dX^\% '*

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)(.

Aljk `dX^è\ :è\dX +; gif[lZ\[ X g_fkf]fipfl#efklec`b\Xg_fkfpflj_fk n`k_pfli[`^`ZXd % N_Xk `j gXik`ZlcXicp Zfem\e`\ek `j k_Xk :è\dX +[ `j XYc\ kf Yi\Xb [fne pfli i\e[\iè^èkfcXp\ijZfekXèè^j\gXiXk\ Xjg\Zkjf]k_\`dX^\\%^%j_X[fn #n_`Z_ ZXe k_\e Y\ X[aljk\[ Xe[ i\kflZ_\[ è$ [`m`[lXccp% K_`j ]\Xkli\ `j ZXcc\[ dlck`$gXjj i\e[\i$ è^%K_\fecp[`]]\i\eZ\Y\kn\\ek_`jkpg\ f]i\e[\iè^Xe[efidXci\e[\iè^`jk_\ ]èXci\jlck#Xdlck`$cXp\i]`c\%

'+

8j Xe \oXdgc\# c\kÊj lj\ X Zfcfi g`Zkli\ j_fnè^ k_\ E\n EXk`feXc >Xcc\ip è 9\icè# Yp Cl[n`^ D`\j m%[%If_\# k_Xk ZfekXèj Xcc k_\ ljlXc \]]\Zkj Æ j_X[fnj# kiXejgXi\eZp Xe[ i\]c\Zk`fe Æ `k Zfd\j n`k_flkXYXZbîfle[kff#n_`Z_n\nXek kfX[[ljè^G_fkfj_fg@cclj%'( % @] pfl fg\e k_\ (-Ve^VjkXik%Z+[ ]`c\ Xe[ i\e[\i `k# pfl n`cc j\\ k_Xk k_\ `dX^\ cffbj X Y`k j`dgc\i# \jg\Z`Xccp k_\ j_X[$ fnj@cclj%') % @aljkZi\Xk\[knfXck\ieXk`m\c`^_kj\klgj% K_\i\jg\Zk`m\m\ij`fej_fneè@cclj%') n`cc jXm\ pfli i\jfliZ\j [liè^ gifZ\jj$ è^]`cc]cffik\jkY\è^XZk`m\ #n_`c\k_\ m\ij`fe [`jgcXp\[ è @cclj% '( lj\j k_\ dfi\ i\]è\[# g\i]fidXeZ\$èk\ej`m\ ]`cc ]cffi]èXcc`^_kj\klg#n_`Z_`j_`[[\e]fi k_\k`d\Y\è^@cclj%'* % K_\`dX^\ÊjkiXejgXi\eZp#i\]c\Zk`feXe[ j_X[fn\]]\Zkji\jlck]ifdZfii\jgfe[è^ j\kkè^j]fik_\k\okli\jXe[c`^_kjèlj\% =fi\oXdgc\#k_\^cXjjdXk\i`XcXjj`ê\[ kfk_\nè[fnjli]XZ\j_XjXKiXejgXi\e$ ZpZ_Xee\c#kiXejgXi\eZpY\è^j\kkf`kj _`^_\jkc\m\c9i`^_ke\jj4(''#@cclj%'+ % Efk`Z\k_XkI\]iXZk`fe`jj\kkfXmXcl\5(% K_\k\iiXZ\dXk\i`Xc>iXe`k\ `ji\]c\Zk`m\ ÆXEf`j\j_X[\iè`kjI\]c\Zk`feZ_Xee\c X[[j X i\Xc`jk`Z Xdflek f] [`jkfik`fe @c$ clj%', %

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

',

=`cc ]cffi k\jk `j k_\ dXè c`^_k Zi\Xkè^ _Xi[j_X[fn@cclj%'- % KXb\ k`d\ kf ^f k_ifl^_ Xcc k_\ dXk\i`Xc Z_Xee\cjXe[Z_\ZbXcck_\j\kkè^j#n_`Z_ k\okli\jXe[j_X[\ijXi\Y\è^lj\[#\kZ% [flYc\$Zc`Zb fe k_\ Zfii\jgfe[è^ k\o$ kli\kXê\okkfk_\fYa\Zkjèk_\FYa\Zk DXeX^\i kf j\\ k_\ i\jg\Zk`m\ dXk\i`Xc j\kkè^jèk_\8kki`Ylk\jDXeX^\i % Pfl]è[dfi\fek\okliè^è:_Xgk\i(,# FYa\ZkXe[K\okli\% '-

)(/

Lj\I\e[\ij\kkè^jkfX[aljkk_\j`q\Xe[ j\k dlck`$gXjj df[\ ]fi pfli i\e[\iè^ I\e[\id\el % =fiXjkXik#]ìjk[\XZk`mXk\8ek`Xc`Xjè^è k_\ >\e\iXc gXe\c% 98 @d$ X^\# ;`]]lj\# Jg\ZlcXi# J_X[fn# I\]c\Z$ k`fe Xe[ I\]iXZk`fe @cclj% (' % I\]iXZk`fe d\XejKiXejgXi\eZp#n`k_fe\c`d`kXk`fe j\\Y\cfn % <ek\iX]`c\gXk_kf_Xm\:è\dX+;jXm\ pfli`dX^\XlkfdXk`ZXccp%;feËk]fi^\kkf j\c\Zk G_fkfj_fg ]fidXk gj[ Xe[ b\\g :fcfi ;\gk_ j\k kf / Y`kj g\i Z_Xee\c @c$ clj%(( % Efngc\Xj\cXleZ_pfli]ìjkdlck`$gXjj i\e[\iè^ I\e[\i d\el1 I\e[\i kf G`Z$ kli\M`\n\i#@cclj%() % K_\G`Zkli\M`\n\in`ccfg\elgèXe\n nè[fn $ n_`c\ i\e[\iè^# `kj :_Xee\cj d\el Xccfnj pfl kf j\\ k_\ jè^c\ `d$ X^\ Z_Xee\cj pfl [\]è\[ gi\m`fljcp @c$ clj%(* % 8j pfl ZXe j\\# k_\ I\]iXZk`fe Z_Xee\c [`jgcXpj \m\ipk_è^ k_Xk ZXe Y\ j\\e k_ifl^_k_\kiXejgXi\ek^cXjjgXe\cj%@]`k i\dXèjYcXZb#`k`jgifYXYcpY\ZXlj\I\$ ]iXZk`fe`jj\kkf(èk_\^cXjjdXk\i`XcËj KiXejgXi\eZp Z_Xee\c% =fi jfd\ i\Xjfe# è dlck`$gXjj i\e[\iè^ :è\dX +; fecp [`jgcXpjfYa\Zkjèk_\I\]iXZk`feZ_Xee\c k_Xkc`\Y\_è[kiXejgXi\ekk\okli\jn`k_ XI\]iXZk`femXcl\_`^_\ik_Xe( % N_\e pflÊi\ ]è`j_\[# pfl j_flc[ fg\e k_\`dX^\èG_fkfj_fg%8ccpflij\c\Zk\[ Z_Xee\cj Xi\ jkXZb\[ è k_\ CXp\i gXe\c @cclj%(+ %

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

()

(+

(*

))'

K_\I>98Z_Xee\c#n_`Z_ZfekXèjXcck_\ `dX^\ è]fidXk`fe è X jè^c\ cXp\i# _Xj Y\Zfd\9XZbîfle[cXp\i%Pflj_flc[Xc$ nXpj b\\g k_`j cXp\i kf ZfdgXi\ k_\ i\$ jlckj f] pfli `dX^\ gifZ\jjè^ n`k_ k_\ fi`^èXccXk\ife%K_\I>9849XZbîfle[ cXp\i `j ^ff[ ]fi Z_\Zbè^ `] `dgfikXek `dX^\gXikj_Xm\efkY\\ei\e[\i\[#kff# jèZ\ Xcc k_\ fk_\i cXp\ij glk kf^\k_\i j_flc[X[[lgkfk_\jXd\`dX^\Xj[`j$ gcXp\[èk_\YXZbîfle[`dX^\% Jfd\k`d\jk_fl^_k_\i\Xi\jc`^_k[`]]\i$ \eZ\j Y\kn\\e k_\ dlck`$cXp\i Zfdgfj$ è^Xe[k_\YXZbîfle[`dX^\%K_`j_Xg$ g\ejn_\e:è\dX+;`jefkXYc\kfglk fe [`jgcXp Xcc `kj Z_Xee\cj è G_fkfj_fg cXp\ij Zfii\Zkcp% 9lk [feÊk nfiip $ k_\ [\m`Xk`fej Xi\ fecp dXi^èXc# Xe[ ZXe \Xj`cpY\X[aljk\[èG_fkfj_fg%

(,

(-

(.

Efn_`[\k_\è[`m`[lXccXp\ij#k_\ekXb\ XcffbXk\XZ_f]k_\dZfej\Zlk`m\cp% K_\ ;`]]lj\ cXp\i ]fi \oXdgc\ [`jgcXpj k_\ [`jki`Ylk`fe f] Zfcfi\[ jli]XZ\j Xe[ k_\ì k\okli\j n`k_flk X[[`k`feXc \]]\Zkj# k_\ `dX^\ gXikj Y\_è[ k_\ nè[fn gXe\jXi\eÊkm`j`Yc\@cclj%(, %K_\;`]]lj\ cXp\i `j è EfidXc Yc\e[è^ df[\# jf `k Zfm\ijk_\YXZbîfle[cXp\ile[\ie\Xk_ Zfdgc\k\cp% K_\ Jg\ZlcXi cXp\iÊj `dX^\ Yi`^_k\ej k_\jli]XZ\f]Xcck_fj\fYa\Zkj_Xmè^X Jg\ZlcXidXk\i`XcZ_Xee\c% J_X[fn `j fe `kj fne cXp\i kff# n`k_ X n_`k\ YXZbîfle[% Dlck`gcp `j Xjj`ê\[ Xj k_\ cXp\iÊj Yc\e[è^ df[\# jf k_\ n_`k\gXik`jèm`j`Yc\èk_\fm\iXccZfd$ gfjè^@cclj%(- % K_\ I\]c\Zk`fe cXp\i j_fnj `dX^\ gXikj k_Xk Xi\ fecp m`j`Yc\ Xj i\]c\Zk`fej# efk [ì\Zkcp% K_\ `dX^\ j\^d\ek j_fnè^ fYa\Zkj Y\$ _è[ kiXejgXi\ek jli]XZ\j `j fe k_\ I\$ ]iXZk`fecXp\i@cclj%(. %8jYc\e[è^df[\# k_`j cXp\i ]\Xkli\j Cè\Xi ;f[^\# _`[è^ k_\ YcXZb Xi\X ]ifd Zfdgfjè^# è Zfe$ kiXipkfk_\Dlck`gcpdf[\%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

))(

FeZ\ X^Xè1 fecp kiXejgXi\eZp n`k_ X i\]iXZk`femXcl\_`^_\ik_Xe(n`cci\m\Xc fYa\ZkjY\_è[`kèk_\I\]iXZk`feZ_Xee\c :+; ficXp\iG_fkfj_fg i\jg\Zk`m\cp% K_`j [\jZi`gk`fe Zfm\ij k_\ gièZ`gc\j f] _fn:è\dX+;Zfem\ikj`dX^\Z_Xee\cj èkfG_fkfj_fgcXp\ij%F]Zflij\`kdXpY\ e\Z\jjXipk_Xk\m\edfi\Z_Xee\cj_Xm\ kfY\i\e[\i\[\%^%n_\eljè^8dY`\ek FZZclj`fe % Aljk Z_\Zb 8[[ @dX^\ CXp\ij è :è\dX +;Êj dlck`$gXjj i\e[\i :_Xe$ e\c glcc$[fne `] pfl Xi\ efk jli\ n_`Z_ Z_Xee\cjXi\e\Z\jjXip%:è\dX+;dXp gifZ\jjlj\c\jjZ_Xee\cjn_\e[fè^jf# Ylk`kÊj\Xjpkfjgfk\dgkpcXp\ijèG_f$ kfj_fgXe[[\c\k\k_\d% Efnc\kÊj_Xm\XcffbXkXefk_\iZffc]\X$ kli\n_`Z_è[\\[`jgXikf]k_\dlck`$gXjj Yljè\jj# Ylk efk Xj fYm`flj Xj `dX^\ Z_Xee\cj è k_\ ]ìjk gcXZ\1 Yp i\e[\iè^ Xdlck`$cXp\i`dX^\#:è\dX+;`jXYc\kf gif[lZ\Xe8cg_XZ_Xee\cZc`ggè^`dX^\ gXikjefkfZZlg`\[YpfYa\Zkj% K_`j`jm\ipZfem\e`\ekn_\epfle\\[kf dflekXYXZbîfle[`dX^\èG_fkfj_fg# jèZ\pflZXelj\`kXjXdXjb%KfdXb\ :è\dX +; jlggcp pfl n`k_ Xe `dX^\ dXjb aljk Z_\Zb 8cg_X Z_Xee\c è pfli I\e[\i j\kkè^j JXm\ gXe\c2 Ylk X^Xè# pfl [feËk _Xm\ kf Z_\Zb JXm\ @dX^\ Xk k_`jgcXZ\@cclj%(0 % =fiXZ_Xe^\#iX`j\k_\`dX^\[`d\ej`fej kf (')+o.-/ gò\cj è k_\ Flkglk gXe\c# aljk kf dXb\ pfli `dX^\ cffb X Y`k gi\k$ k`\ièG_fkfj_fg@cclj%(/ % Efn n_\e pfl cXleZ_ X G`Zkli\ M`\n\i i\e[\iè^X^Xè#pfln`ccY\Xjb\[`]pfl nXek kf i\gcXZ\ pfli ]ìjk i\e[\iè^ ]`c\ i\d\dY\ipfl[\]è\[X]`c\gXk_èk_\ Dlck`$GXjj gXe\c% :fe]ìd Yp gi\jjè^ P\j@cclj%)' %N_`c\:è\dX+;`ji\e[\i$ è^# pfl ZXe nXkZ_ pfli dXjb \mfcmè^ YpZ_ffjè^8cg_X]ifdk_\G`Zkli\M`\n$ \iÊj:_Xee\cjd\el@cclj%)( %

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

(/

(0

)(

)'

)))

@e G_fkfj_fg# pflÊcc jgfk k_\ dXjb :è$ \dX+;Zi\Xk\[èk_\:_Xee\cjgXe\c%@k `j c`jk\[ Y\cfn k_\ I>9 Z_Xee\cj 8cg_X# @cclj%)) % 8j pfl befn# G_fkfj_fg jXm\j `kj `d$ X^\Zfcfi[XkXèjf$ZXcc\[Z_Xee\cjk_Xk [`jgcXpk_\YXj\ZfcfijÊèk\ej`kp]fiXe I>9`dX^\#`kÊjI\[#>i\\eXe[9cl\ XjX îXpjZXc\`dX^\%

))

8e X[[`k`feXc Z_Xee\c j_fnj k_\ dò f] Xcc jè^c\ :fcfi Z_Xee\cj# `%\% k_\ fm\iXcc `dX^\I>9èfliZXj\ %

)+

K_\ e\ncp X[[\[ 8cg_X Z_Xee\c _Xj efk_è^kf[fn`k_k_`jÆ`k`jc`jk\[_\i\ ]fiXefk_\ii\Xjfe1Xj\c\Zk`fepfljXm\ è G_fkfj_fg `j ]`c\[ XnXp è k_\ Z_Xe$ e\c gXe\c $ Xj X îXpjZXc\ `dX^\% =ifd _\i\# `k ZXe Y\ i\Zfm\i\[ cfX[\[ n_\e$ \m\ipfle\\[`kÆkfdXjbXeX[aljkd\ek# ]`ck\ifi`dX^\cXp\i%

)*

<m\ip j\c\Zk`fe k_Xk _Xj Y\\e jXm\[ è G_fkfj_fg`jjlZ_Xe8cg_XZ_Xee\c$fi# è fk_\i nfi[j# pfli :è\dX +;$^\e\i$ Xk\[8cg_XZ_Xee\c`jaljkXefk_\idXjb k_Xk dXp Y\ cfX[\[ ]fi Zfdgfj`kè^ gli$ gfj\j% FB#efnc\kÊjdXb\lj\f]k_`jXe[X[[X YXZbîfle[jbpkffli`dX^\% Fg\ek_\(-Vjbp%ag^]`c\èG_fkfj_fgXe[ dfm\ k_\ nè[fn j`[\nXpj# jf pfl ZXe j\\Yfk_`dX^\j% DXb\jli\k_\jbp`dX^\`jè]ifekXe[ Z_ffj\ k_\ Dfm\ kffc @cclj% )* % :c`Zb fe k_\ jbp `dX^\# b\\g pfli dflj\ Ylkkfe gi\jj\[ Xe[ [iX^ `k fekf k_\ i\e[\i `d$ X^\% Ù;ifgÈ `k Xj jffe Xj k_\ dflj\ Zlijfi `j fm\i k_\ dlck`$gXjj\[ g`Zkli\ $ k_\ jbp n`cc Y\ Zfg`\[ èkf k_\ i\e[\iè^% @kj gcXZ\d\ek n`cc Y\ Z\ek\i\[ `] pfl gi\jj J_`]kn_\e[ifggè^@cclj%)+ %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

))*

8j pfl ZXe j\\# G_fkfj_fg _Xj j\k lg X e\n cXp\i kf jkfi\ k_\ ]i\j_cp `dgfik\[ `dX^\# XYfm\ k_\ cXjk XZk`m\ cXp\i @cclj% ),2pflj_flc[[iX^k_\e\ncXp\ikfk_\ kfgf]k_\CXp\igXe\cc`jk`]`kÊjefkk_\i\ Xci\X[p % K_\jbpZfm\ijk_\\ekì\i\jkf]k_\`dX^\% Kf c`d`k `k kf k_\ m\ip jZ\e\ YXZbîfle[# pfln`ccXjj`êXcXp\idXjbk_Xkpfln`cc Zi\Xk\ljè^pfli8cg_XZ_Xee\c%

),

:_ffj\ CfX[ J\c\Zk`fe ]ifd k_\ J\c\Zk d\el@cclj%)- % PfldXpefnZ_ffj\Z_Xee\cj]ifdXep G_fkfj_fg]`c\#n_`Z_n`cck_\eXgg\Xiè k_\`dX^\Xj_fm\iè^j\c\Zk`fejk_\]X$ d`c`XiXekj % F]Zflij\pfln`cclj\pflifne]`c\#Xe[ j\c\Zk k_\ e\n 8cg_X Z_Xee\c ]ifd k_\ :_Xee\c glcc$[fne @cclj% ). $ pfl j\\

)-

).

)0

pfliYXZbîfle[j\c\Zk`feXgg\Xi_fm\i$ è^XYfm\k_\`dX^\% Efnklie`kèkfXdXjbYpZc`Zbè^fek_\ Zfii\jgfe[è^YlkkfeXkk_\Yfkkfdf]k_\ CXp\igXe\c8[[CXp\iDXjb#@cclj%)/ % G_fkfj_fg n`cc èjkXekcp klie k_\ j\c\Z$ k`feèkfXdXjb#Xck_fl^_k_\nife^nXp @cclj%)0 %FYm`fljcp#k_\8cg_XZ_Xee\cÊj YcXZbgXikZfeZ\Xcjk_\`dX^\% Gi\jj:kicQXe[i\g\Xkk_`jjk\g#Z_Xe^è^ XY`k2aljkgi\jjk_\8ckb\pn_`c\Zc`Zbè^ fek_\Ylkkfe]fik_\e\ncXp\idXjb%

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

)/

))+

*'

*(

Kf \o\iZ`j\ [\Xcè^ n`k_ dXjbj# pfl Y\k$ k\ikXb\X[`]]\i\ekXggifXZ__\i\% @eG_fkfj_fg#pfldXp\[`kk_\Zfek\ekf] XcXp\idXjbk_\jXd\nXppfl\[`kXep îXpjZXc\`dX^\% 8]k\i Xcc# X dXjb `j X îXpjZXc\ `dX^\# n`k_k_\fe\[`]]\i\eZ\k_Xk`k`jeËkm`j`Yc\ XjjlZ_#YlkfecpYpk_\\]]\Zk`kg\i]fidj fek_\`dX^\% :c`Zb fe k_\ dXjb dè`Xkli\ è fi[\i kf \[`k `k Æ `kÊj j\c\Zk`fe `j è[`ZXk\[ Yp X[$ [`k`feXc\[^\j@cclj%*' % =ifd k_\ @dX^\ d\elÊj 8[aljkd\ekj ]cp$ flk#Z_ffj\@em\ik% G_fkfj_fg n`cc èm\ik k_\ dXjb# Xe[ k_\ jbp`jgifg\icpj_fneXjYXZbîfle[@c$ clj%*( Æk_\dXjbdè`Xkli\cffbj[`]]\i$ \ekefn#kff%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)),

Pfl_Xm\c\Xie\[_fnpflZXedXb\:è$ \dX +; gifZ\jj X YXZbîfle[ dXjb lj$ è^k_\8cg_XZ_Xee\cfgk`feèk_\JXm\ gXe\c% PfldXpi\]è\k_\n_fc\gifZ\[li\Xe[ _Xm\:è\dX+;Zi\Xk\XZ_Xee\c]fi\XZ_ è[`m`[lXcfYa\Zk#jfpfldXp\[`k`kj\gX$ iXk\cpèG_fkfj_fg% C\kÊjXjjld\pflnXekkfj\\Xdfi\[iX$ dXk`ZYi`^_ke\jjîX[`\ekfek_\>Xcc\ipÊj Z\`cè^kfX[[dfi\[\gk_kfk_\`dX^\% @e G_fkfj_fg# pfl n`cc lj\ C\m\cj kf [f k_`j# Ylk fecp ]fi k_\ `dX^\ gXik j_fn$ è^ k_\ iff]% 8j Yi`^_ke\jj n`cc _Xm\ kf èZi\Xj\]ifdYXZbkf]ifek#Z_ffjè^Xe 8[aljkd\ekcXp\in`k_XdXjbZfekXèè^ X YcXZb$kf n_`k\ îX[`\ek nflc[ Y\ k_\ Xggifgi`Xk\jkiXk\^p% *)

Pfln`cclj\:è\dX+;kfZi\Xk\Xe8cg_X Z_Xee\c ]fi k_\ iff]# X [\Z`j`m\ Zfeki`Yl$ k`fekfk_`jkXjb% @e:è\dX+;#j\c\Zkk_\iff]fYa\Zk#i`^_k$ Zc`Zb`kjeXd\èk_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\iXe[ j\c\Zk :fdgfj`kè^ ]ifd k_\ :è\dX +; KX^j]cpflkd\el@cclj%*) % K_`jZfdgfj`kè^kX^n`cc_\cgpflZfekifc k_\ fYa\ZkËj gifg\ik`\j n_\e pfl i\e[\i k_\`dX^\#\%^%n_\k_\i`kn`ccZXjkfii\$ Z\`m\j_X[fn% @e pfli ZXj\# pfli jfc\ ZfeZ\ie `j kf Xj$ j`êk_`jfYa\Zk`kjfne8cg_XZ_Xee\c]fi Dlck`$GXjji\e[\iè^ÆdXb\jli\k_\KX^ `jj\c\Zk\[#Xe[Z_\Zbk_\]ìjk<eXYc\è k_\ FYa\Zk 9l]]\i gXe\c% =fi 9l]]\i# b\\g (@cclj%** % Efn fg\e pfli I\e[\i j\kkè^j X^Xè Xe[ X[[ Xe FYa\Zk 9l]]\i Z_Xee\c kf k_\ c`jkf]Z_Xee\cjèk_\Dlck`$GXjjgXe\c% 8gfg$lg nè[fn Xgg\Xij è n_`Z_ pfl ZXe\ek\iXe@;]fik_\Z_Xee\c$\ek\i( _\i\Xjn\cc@cclj%*+ %

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

*+

**

))-

K_`j \ejli\j X dXjb n`cc Y\ Zi\Xk\[ ]fi k_\iff]% JèZ\ dfjk f] pfli i\e[\iè^ `j Xci\X[p [fe\# pfl dXp leZ_\Zb k_\ fk_\i Z_Xe$ e\cj# Y\ZXlj\ k_\p [feËk e\\[ kf Y\ gif$ Z\jj\[X^Xè% 8cjf#k_\i\Êjefe\\[kf[`jgcXpkiXejgXi$ \eZp# i\]c\Zk`fe Xe[ j_X[fn X^Xè $ le$ Z_\Zbk_\j\\]]\ZkjXjn\cc#èk_\>\e\iXc gXe\c@cclj%*, %

*,

JXm\ pfli G_fkfj_fg `dX^\ le[\i X [`]$ ]\i\ekeXd\JXm\8j%%% Y\]fi\i\e[\iè^ pfli :+; ]`c\ n`k_ k_\ fYa\Zk Z_Xee\c kf dXb\jli\`k`jeËki\gcXZ\[n`k_k_\e\n i\e[\iè^%

*-

Efn i\e[\i kf k_\ G`Zkli\ M`\n\i# n_`c\ nX`kè^]fik_\i\jlckpflZXenXkZ_k_\ iff]dXjb\mfcm\Z_ffjè^FYa\Zk9l]]\i( ]ifdk_\:_Xee\cd\el#@cclj%*- % Fg\ek_\]`c\èG_fkfj_fg$k_\iff]dXjb `jX^Xè[`jgcXp\[èk_\:_Xee\cjgXe\c n`k_`kjfi`^èXceXd\@cclj%*. %

*.

*/

8j pfl befn# pfl ZXe Zfgp gXikj f] `d$ X^\j Y\kn\\e fg\e G_fkfj_fg ]`c\j Yp [iX^^è^ k_\ Zfii\jgfe[è^ CXp\i gXe\c \eki`\j ]ifd fe\ ]`c\ kf k_\ fk_\i Æ k_\ cXp\iZfek\ekjXi\k_\eX[[\[kfk_\kXi$ ^\k]`c\XjXe\ncXp\i%K_`je\Xk]\Xkli\ Xcjfnfibjn`k_Z_Xee\cj% @e G_fkfj_fg# dXb\ jli\ k_\ gi\m`fljcp \[`k\[ `dX^\ ]`c\ `j fg\e Xe[ gXik`Xccp m`j`Yc\Y\_è[k_\e\ndXjb`dX^\% K_\e[iX^FYa\Zk9l]]\i(]ifdk_\dXjb `dX^\Ëj :_Xee\c gXe\c èkf k_\ fi`^èXc `dX^\Êjnè[fn% K_\ Zfg`\[ Z_Xee\c n`cc Xgg\Xi è k_\ :_Xee\cj gXe\c f] pfli fi`^èXc g`Zkli\% 9\j`[\j k_\ I>9 Z_Xee\cj# [`jgcXp k_\ e\n 9l]]\i Z_Xee\c $ `k Xgg\Xij Xj X i\[ dXjb j\k fm\i k_\ XZklXc g`Zkli\ @c$ clj%*/ %

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)).

?`[\ `k ]ifd [`jgcXp X^Xè kf Zfekèl\ \[`kè^ k_\ `dX^\# dXb\ jli\ pfli I>9 Z_Xee\cj Xi\ XZk`m\# Xe[ jn`kZ_ YXZb kf k_\CXp\igXe\c% Efn c\kËj ^\k YXZb kf fli XZklXc ^fXc f] Yi`^_k\eè^k_\iff]%8jjX`[Y\]fi\#pfl n`cc [f k_`j n`k_ Xe 8[aljkd\ek cXp\i# n_`Z_j_flc[Y\XYfm\Xccfk_\icXp\ij% G`Zb CfX[ J\c\Zk`fe X^Xè J\c\Zk d\el# @cclj%*0 %K_\]`c\pflXi\Zlii\ekcpnfib$ è^ fe n`cc k_\e Xgg\Xi Xj ;fZld\ek è k_\ j\kkè^j nè[fn% B\\g k_`j j\kkè^# Xe[ j\c\Zk pfli FYa\Zk 9l]]\i ( ]ifd k_\ :_Xee\c glcc$[fne d\el le[\ie\Xk_ @c$ clj%+'2Xjpfl_Xm\Xci\X[pefk`Z\[#G_f$ kfj_fgXcdfjkXcnXpj[`jgcXpjXZ_Xee\c eXd\è`kXc`Zj]fccfn\[YpkiXejgXi\eZp% K_`j`jeËkXZ_Xee\cjki`Zkcpjg\Xbè^%@k`j k_\j\c\Zk`fef]Xccefe$kiXejgXi\ekXi\Xj èk_\XZk`m\cXp\i % K_\ îXpjZXc\ Z_Xee\c n`cc Xgg\Xi Xj X _fm\iè^j\c\Zk`fe% EfnZc`Zbfek_\d`[[c\YlkkfeXkk_\Yfk$ kfdf]k_\CXp\igXe\c:i\Xk\E\n=`ccfi 8[aljkd\ek cXp\i# @cclj% +( % J\c\Zk C\m\cj ]ifdk_\gfg$lgd\el#n_`Z_fg\ejk_\ Zfii\jgfe[è^j\kkè^jnè[fn% K_\jf$ZXcc\[_`jkfîXdj_fnjk_\gò\c [`jki`Ylk`fefm\ik_\\ekì\`dX^\Yi`^_k$ e\jj jg\Zkild ]ifd 9cXZb c\]k kf N_`k\ i`^_k #Ylkfecpf]k_\`dX^\Xi\X[\]è\[ Ypk_\j\c\Zk`fe% 8jpflZXej\\#k_\`dX^\`jgi\kkp[Xib _\i\@cclj%+) % Kf j`ê`]`ZXekcp Yi`^_k\e k_`j Xi\X f] k_\ `dX^\#jc`[\k_\i`^_kkf^^c\kfk_\c\]k#kf k_\Y\^èeè^f]k_\gò\ciXe^\% 8ck\ieXk`m\cp#pflZXe\ek\iXmXcl\nXp cfn\i k_Xe ),, è k_\ i`^_k @eglk C\m\cj \ekip ]`\c[ `kÊj /( è fli \oXdgc\# @cclj% +) % K_\ `dX^\ j_fnj k_Xk k_\ iff] Xi\X `j dlZ_Yi`^_k\iefn%

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

*0

+'

+)

+(

))/

K_\C\m\cjX[aljkd\ek`jc`jk\[XjXj\gX$ iXk\cXp\ièk_\CXp\igXe\cXcfe^n`k_X dXjbn_fj\dè`Xkli\j_fnjk_\:è\dX +;FYa\Zk9l]]\iZ_Xee\c@cclj%+* % 9lk n\ nXek kf ^f X jk\g ]lik_\i Xe[ dXb\ k_\ Yi`^_ke\jj [\Zi\Xj\ kfnXi[j k_\ i\Xi gXik f] k_\ iff]% Kf XZ_`\m\ k_`j# pflÊcc_Xm\kfèj\ikXYcXZb$kf$n_`k\îX$ [`\ekèk_\n_`k\gXikf]k_\dXjb% CfX[k_\j\c\Zk`feX^Xèkf[fjf%@kn`cc Y\ ]Xjk\i kf Z_ffj\ I\j\c\Zk èjk\X[ f] CfX[ J\c\Zk`fe J\c\Zk d\el# @cclj% +* % DXb\jli\k_\8[aljkd\ekcXp\idXjb`j j\c\Zk\[ ]fi \[`kè^% 8^Xè# k_\ X[[`k`fe$ Xc \[^\ Xifle[ k_\ dXjb `Zfe è[`ZXk\j n_\k_\ik_`j`jk_\ZXj\% Efnj\c\Zkk_\>iX[`\ekkffc]ifdk_\Kffc gXe\c% Pfl n`cc [iXn X îX[`\ek è k_\ dXjb# Xe[ jèZ\ k_\i\ `j X j\c\Zk`fe# `k fecpnfibjn`k_èk_\dXib\[Xi\X% @e k_\ Fgk`fe gXe\c XYfm\# pfl ZXe j\\ X YcXZb$kf$n_`k\ îX[`\ek `Zfe $ Zc`Zb `k feZ\ kf XZZ\jj k_\ îX[`\ek j\kkè^j @c$ clj% +,2 Xj j_fne è dp \oXdgc\# `kÊj Xc$

+*

+,

++

+-

i\X[pk_\i`^_kfe\#`]Ypjfd\i\Xjfe`kÊj efk# aljk Z_ffj\ k_\ YcXZb$kf$n_`k\ îX$ [`\ek]ifdk_\j\kkè^jXe[Zfe]ìdn`k_ FB% 8e[ Y\ jli\ pflÊi\ è Cè\Xi >iX[`$ \ekdf[\#è[`ZXk\[Ypk_\ifnf]jdXcc\i `Zfejèk_\Fgk`fejgXe\c % Efn pfl Xi\ i\X[p ]fi [iXnè^ $ Zc`Zb jfd\n_\i\ aljk Y\e\Xk_ k_\ j\c\Zk`fe# b\\g pfl dflj\ Ylkkfe [fne Xe[ [iX^ k_\ dflj\ Zlijfi jkiX`^_k lg b\\g k_\ J_`]k b\p gi\jj\[ [fne jf k_\ îX[`\ek Xo`jn`ccY\g\ig\e[`ZlcXi#@cclj%+- % Jkfg [iXnè^ i`^_k Y\e\Xk_ k_\ j\c\Z$ k`feÊjlgg\i\[^\%

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

))0

Pfl dXp 8ck$Zc`Zb k_\ dXjb dè`Xkli\ kf cffbXkk_\dXjb`kj\c]$efidXccpfecp`kj \]]\Zk`jm`j`Yc\èk_\`dX^\#efk`kjîXp$ jZXc\g`Zkli\`kj\c]@cclj%+. % PflZXej\\k_Xkk_\îX[`\ekfecpZfm\ij k_\Xi\Xpflj\c\Zk\[%8efk_\i8ck$Zc`Zbfe k_\ dXjb dè`Xkli\ jn`kZ_\j kf k_\ i\Xc `dX^\X^Xè#Xe[XeXik`ZlcXk\Yi`^_ke\jj gifî\jj`fe `j efn m`j`Yc\ Xcfe^ k_\ le$ [\ij`[\f]k_\iff]@cclj%+/ % 8j`jk_\X[mXekX^\f]8[aljkd\ekcXp\ij# pfldXpZfii\Zkk_\Yi`^_ke\jjXepk`d\ cXk\ifeYp[flYc\$Zc`Zbè^`kjcXp\idè$ `Xkli\ kf XZZ\jj k_\ _`jkfîXd j\kkè^j Xe[jc`[è^k_\kf^^c\j% I\[iXnè^k_\îX[`\ek$X]k\ii\cfX[è^ pfli j\c\Zk`fe $ `j gfjj`Yc\ Xk Xep k`d\# kff%

+.

+/

Efnpfln`ccfgk`d`q\[\kX`cjf]k_\g`Z$ kli\ Xe[ j\\ _fn k_\ cXp\i jkilZkli\ è dlck`$gXjji\e[\iè^_\cgjpflZfdgc\k\ k_`jkXjb% K_\ j_X[fn `dX^\ `j jk`cc m\ip [Xib% 8Z$ k`mXk\k_\cXp\i`kÊjfeJ_X[fn#@cclj%+0 # Xe[efk`Z\k_Xkk_\Yc\e[è^df[\`jj\k kfDlck`gcp% ?\eZ\k_\n_`k\gXikf]k_\j_X[fncXp\i Y\_Xm\j c`b\ Y\è^ èm`j`Yc\ è k_\ fm\i$ XccZfdgfjè^#Xe[k_\YcXZbj_X[fnjli$ ]XZ\j[fefkZfm\ik_\`dX^\le[\ie\Xk_ Zfdgc\k\cp#Ylkdòn`k_`k% J\k k_\ cXp\i FgXZ`kp kf ,'# kf dXb\ k_\ j_X[fnYi`^_k\i% K_\e\okZ_Xe^\ZfeZ\iejk_\YXZbîfle[ Zfcfiè^Æn\nXekkfki`d`kèkfdfi\f] XîXpjZXc\`dX^\% DXb\ jli\ k_\ jbp cXp\i `j XZk`mXk\[ è pfli CXp\i gXe\c% Lj\ k_\ E\n 8[aljk$ d\ek cXp\i ZfddXe[ d`[[c\ Ylkkfe fe k_\ cfn\i \[^\ f] k_\ gXe\c Xe[ j\c\Zk ?l\&JXkliXk`fe]ifdk_\d\el@cclj%,' %

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

,'

+0

)*'

,(

G_fkfj_fgn`ccgcXZ\k_\e\n8[aljkd\ek cXp\i XYfm\ k_\ cXjk XZk`m\ cXp\i jf pfl ZXe Zfekifc k_\ Zfcfiè^ f] Xcc cXp\ij Y\$ cfn% K_\j\kkè^j[`Xcf^@cclj%,( YXj`ZXccpf]$ ]\ijpflk_i\\gXiXd\k\ij]fikleè^1?l\ c\kj pfl Z_Xe^\ k_\ Zfcfi $ kXb\ k`d\ kf gcXpXifle[n`k_`kXY`k#Ylkflig`Zkli\ [f\jeËke\\[XepZfcfiZ_Xe^\j% 8j pfl dXp efk`Z\# k_\ lkdfjk c\]k Xe[ i`^_k jc`[\i gfj`k`fe i\jlck è k_\ jXd\ ,)

Zfcfi# jèZ\ è ]XZk pfl Xi\ dfmè^ è X ZfcfiZìZc\% K_\ JXkliXk`fe gXiXd\k\i `j lj\[ kf X[$ aljk k_\ gifgfik`fe Y\kn\\e Zfcfi Xe[ îXpè\XZ_gò\c$j\kk_\mXcl\kfÆ., kfi\dfm\XjdlZ_ZfcfiXjgfjj`Yc\% ;feËkZ_Xe^\C`^_ke\jj% 8ck_fl^_pflnfeÊke\\[`kXkk_\dfd\ek# efk`Z\k_Xkk_fl^_pflXi\ècfn]`ck\i=`ck\id\el1;`jkfik#@c$ clj%,. % K_`j`jfe\f]k_\]`ck\ijk_Xkfg\ejèk_\ =`ck\i >Xcc\ip# X jlY$gifîXd è n_`Z_ pfl ZXe Zfem\e`\ekcp j\c\Zk Xe[ X[aljk jfd\f]k_\]`ck\iG_fkfj_fgf]]\ij% Kf XZ_`\m\ k_\ [\jì\[ \]]\Zk# `%\% jf]kcp Yi`^_k\eè^ Xi\Xj n`k_ j_èè^ n_`k\ c`^_k#k_\YXZbîfle[Zfcfi_XjkfY\j\k kfN_`k\pflZXeZfekifck_`jm`Xk_\Kffc gXe\c % =fik_\]`ck\i#j\kXjc`^_k>iXèè\jj\]]\Zk 4)#@cclj%,/ #Xe[Xi\cXk`m\cp_`^_>cfn 8dflekf](,%8[aljk:c\Xi8dflekkf('% Fek_\c\]kpflZXej\\Xgi\m`\nÆpfl ZXeqffdXe[dfm\k_\`dX^\j\^d\ek%

,.

,/

C`^_kJ_X[fnJgXZ\×8iZ_`k\ZkliXcI\e[\iè^n`k_:è\dX+;

)**

,0

?fn\m\i#`knflc[Y\e`Z\kfjki\jjk_\]`c$ k\i\]]\Zkfek_\i`^_kj`[\Æn`k_flkk_Xk# k_\ `dX^\ Xi\X fe k_\ c\]k cffbj fm\icp èZXe[\jZ\ek% @kj\\djX^ff[`[\XX^Xèkflj\XîX$ [`\ekdXjbk_Xkn`ccXccfn]fiXjf]k]`ck\i \]]\ZkkiXej`k`fe]ifdc\]kkfi`^_k% DXb\ jli\ k_Xk pfli Zfg`\[ I\]iXZk`fe cXp\i_XjXdXjb#Xe[k_Xk`kÊjXZk`mXk\[%

-'

I\j\c\Zk k_\ cXp\iÊj Zfcfi\[ gXikj J\c\Zk d\elÆI\j\c\Zk#filj\k_\DX^`ZNXe[ X^Xè#@cclj%,0 %@em\ij\k_\j\c\Zk`feJ\$ c\Zkd\el#@cclj%-' kf^\kXZfii\ZkdXjb k_`jk`d\% J\c\Zk k_\ >iX[`\ek kffc X^Xè# jk`cc X YcXZb$kf$n_`k\% Efn Zc`Zb$[iX^ pfli dflj\ ]ifd c\]k kf i`^_k# ]ifd k_\ nff[ jli]XZ\Ëj Y\^èeè^ kf `kj \e[# n_`c\ gi\jjè^ k_\ J_`]k b\p kf b\\g k_\ cè\ _fi`qfekXc@cclj%-( % Efnk_\]`ck\i\]]\ZkZfeZ\ekiXk\jfek_\ i`^_kgXikf]k_\g`Zkli\#Xe[pflZXej\\ X i\jg\Zk`m\ kiXej`k`fe fe k_\ nff[ jli$ ]XZ\@cclj%-) % Pfl ZXe X[dì\ pfli îX[`\ek X^Xè Yp 8ck$Zc`Zbè^ fe k_\ dXjb dè`Xkli\ @cclj% -* %

-*

:_Xgk\i(-×Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^Xe[:fdgfj`kè^

-)

-(

)*+

-+

PflÊm\ efn j\\e jfd\ f] G_fkfj_fgÊj gfjk$gifZ\jjè^ kffcj ]fi `dX^\j i\e$ [\i\[è:è\dX+;% K_\ Dlck`$GXjj cXp\ij Xe[ 8cg_X Z_Xe$ e\cjn\i\m\ip_\cg]lcèk_`jZfek\ok% K_\fi`^èXcc`^_kè^j\klg]fik_\:è\dX +;jZ\e\nXj[\XZk`mXk\[]fik_\jXb\f] j_fik\ii\e[\iè^k`d\j% -,

--

KlieYXZbkfpfli:+;]`c\#Xe[kXb\Xcffb Xkk_\FYa\ZkDXeX^\i%PflZXej\\XefY$ a\ZkîflgZXcc\[]`cc]cffi]èXc@cclj%-, % K_`jZfekXèjYXj`ZXccpXeXiiXpf]Xeld$ Y\if]Fde`c`^_kjk_XkZi\Xk\_Xi[j_X[$ fnj# Xj n\cc Xj Xe 8i\X k_Xk Zfeki`Ylk\j [`]]lj\ c`^_k kf k_\ jZ\e\# Zfdè^ Xcfe^ n`k_8i\Xj_X[fn% K_\fde`îflgnXjZi\Xk\[YpZfgpè^ fe\fi`^èXcc`^_kXjXeldY\if]èjkXeZ$ \j#XjkiXk\^ppflÊm\Xci\X[pXggc`\[j\m$ \iXck`d\jY\]fi\\%^%:_%'0#IffdjXe[ 8ik`]`Z`XcC`^_kè^ % Jn`kZ_fek_`jc`^_kîflg]fi\e\iXc(/ >cfn-/#-0#/(#((+ Dlck`$GXjjI\e[\iè^((+#)(.#)(/#)), FYa\Zk9l]]\i)),#))FlkglkI\jfclk`fe/'#/0#0.#((*#()/#(*0# (+/#)(/#))(#)*+ G`Zkli\M`\n\i)(0 Gfjkcfn)*) =`ck\i>iXè(-. =`ck\iEf`j\(-0 ?l\&JXkliXk`fe))0#)*, @dX^\J`q\(0. CXp\i9c\e[è^Df[\Cè\Xi;f[^\))'# )*, CXp\i9c\e[è^Df[\Dlck`gcp(-0#))'# ))0

CXp\i9c\e[è^Df[\Jf]kC`^_k(-0 CXp\iDXjb(-,#(-/#))*#)*(#)**#)*, CXp\iFgXZ`kp(-0#))0 C\m\cj(-.#)),#)).JXm\]fiN\Y ;\m`Z\j(0/ K_i\j_fc[)*,

Light Shadow Space: Architectural Rendering with Cinema 4D®

Light Shadow Space: Architectural Rendering with Cinema 4D®

Cinema 4D 10 Workshop

Cinema 4D 10 Workshop

Cinema 4D 9 GERMAN

Cinema 4D 9 GERMAN

CINEMA 4D 10 Workshop

CINEMA 4D 10 Workshop

CINEMA 4D 11 Workshop

CINEMA 4D 11 Workshop

CINEMA 4D 10 Workshop

CINEMA 4D 10 Workshop

Cinema 4D Beginner's Guide

Cinema 4D Beginner's Guide

Cinema 4D Beginner's Guide

Cinema 4D Beginner's Guide

Architectural Rendering with 3ds Max and V-Ray: Photorealistic Visualization

Architectural Rendering with 3ds Max and V-Ray: Photorealistic Visualization

Architectural Rendering with 3ds Max and V-Ray: Photorealistic Visualization

Architectural Rendering with 3ds Max and V-Ray: Photorealistic Visualization

Shadow Light

Shadow Light

Rendering with MicroStation

Rendering with MicroStation

Color - Communication in Architectural Space

Color - Communication in Architectural Space

Atomic Light (Shadow Optics)

Atomic Light (Shadow Optics)

Atomic Light (Shadow Optics)

Atomic Light (Shadow Optics)

Light in Shadow

Light in Shadow

Light In Shadow

Light In Shadow

Light in Shadow

Light in Shadow

MAXON CINEMA 4D 7 . Ein Workshop für Profis

MAXON CINEMA 4D 7 . Ein Workshop für Profis

Cinema 4D: Tipps und Tricks für die Architekturvisualisierung

Cinema 4D: Tipps und Tricks für die Architekturvisualisierung

Cinema 4D 10. Основные инструменты и рабочая среда для професионалов

Cinema 4D 10. Основные инструменты и рабочая среда для професионалов

Beyond Photoshop: Advanced techniques integrating Photoshop with Illustrator, Poser, Painter, Cinema 4D and ZBrush

Beyond Photoshop: Advanced techniques integrating Photoshop with Illustrator, Poser, Painter, Cinema 4D and ZBrush

Light and Shadow [Paul Danner]

Light and Shadow [Paul Danner]

On Span and Space: Architectural Structures Explored

On Span and Space: Architectural Structures Explored

Stories In Light And Shadow

Stories In Light And Shadow

ShaderX3: Advanced Rendering with DirectX and OpenGL

ShaderX3: Advanced Rendering with DirectX and OpenGL

Rendering with mental ray & 3ds Max

Rendering with mental ray & 3ds Max

Cinema and Classical Texts: Apollo's New Light

Cinema and Classical Texts: Apollo's New Light

Shaderx3: Advanced Rendering with Directx and OpenGL

Shaderx3: Advanced Rendering with Directx and OpenGL

Our partners will collect data and use cookies for ad personalization and measurement. Learn how we and our ad partner Google, collect and use data. Agree & close