Lefkandi III (plates) (Supplementary Volume)

LEFKANDI III THE TOUMBA CEMETERY The excavationsof1981, 1984, 1986 and 1992^1

PLATES Compiledby M.R.POPHAM with I.S.LEMOS

THE

BRITISH

SCHOOL 1996

AT ATHENS

© M.R. Popham1996

ISBN 0 90488727 8 andprinted in GreatBritain Typeset byAlden,Oxford,Didcotand Northampton

CONTENTS

Introduction

v

Abbreviations

ix

1. Cemetery and AreaPlans 2. Tomband PyrePlans

PLATES

1-5

6-28

3. ViewsofSelectTombsand Pyres

29-37

4. Tomband PyreContents

38-92

5. Pottery fromFillsand Surface 6. DrawingsofSelectVasesand Figurines

92-98

7. Photographs ofSelectVasesand Fingurines 8. DrawingsofSelectWeaponsand otherObjectsof Gold,Bronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone

99-110 111-126 127-135

9. Photographs ofSelectJewellery, DressFastenings, Weapons,Weights, and otherObjectsofBronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone 10. Shells,ClothImpressions and Clay Objects

150-152

11. Additional Illustrations and Comparanda

153-159

136-149

12. TablesofTombContents, Burials Datingand Stratified TableofContents ColouredChronological PlanoftheBurials

PAGES

193-205 End piece

INTRODUCTION

in 1969in themistaken, was discovered butexcusable,belief The ToumbaCemetery accidentally in theSub-Mycenaean thattheregionwasthelocationofthesettlement and EarlyProtogeometric itwas recognised as beinga further burialground,a limitedarea was excavatedin periods.After 1970when36 tombsand 10 pyreswerelocatedand investigated. The resultswerepublishedin I. 1989-90in Lefkandi Atthatstageitwasnotunderstood thatthecemetery wassituated aroundtheeastendofa large That MiddleProtogeometric came after the and excavation of building. knowledge only discovery and ofthemoundconstructed thebuilding aboveit,whichhad giventheregionitspresent name. Sincethoseinitialinvestigations, thecemetery has been extensively exploredin six seasons,at in continuation first ofthejointundertaking betweentheGreekArchaeological Serviceand the andlaterinthefinaltwoseasonsas a British British SchoolatAthens, Schoolexcavation. The Greek E. was Mrs. in 1981 Mr. and in P.G. The British representative Touloupa Calligas subsequent years. SchoolappointedMr.M.R. Pophamas itsrepresentative with Mr. L.H. Sackett as his throughout, in first two and with Dr. the later D.E. in 1993 and Dr. in I.S. Lemos 1994. colleague years Evely A breakwastakenafter the1981seasoninordertopublishtheimportant discoveries ofthatyear BSA were in resumed 1984 and in continued 1986 and 1992-4. The (in 77).Operations projectwas thenconcludedafterthemainaim of defining thelimitsof theburialgroundhad been largely couldbe concentrated on thepublication ofthediscoveries since1981. achieved,so thatefforts a further Thesecomprised 40 tombsand 19pyres,bringing thetotalto83 tombsand34 pyres.With itis estimated no claimtoprecision, thatthisrepresents between80-90%ofall theburialswithin the cemetery. The studyforpublication ofthegreatquantity ofresultant findswiththeirdiffering nature, rangfrom vases to dress and and ofvariousorigins, ing fastenings weapons, including jewellery, imports is a considerable theexpertise ofa numberofscholars.Inevitably thiswill undertaking, requiring takesometimeto coordinate and complete, since of some those involved especially alreadyhave and on the Greek have not the same amount oftime side, previouscommitments, all,especially availablewhichtheycan devotetothispurpose. The importance of thefindings at Toumbaforan understanding of theDark Age of Greece that some interim measure be taken the requires beyond preliminary reports alreadypublishedto maketheevidenceavailableto scholarsofthisthinly documented as was done stage.Accordingly, in thecase ofLefkandi it has been decided to in issue a advance of the text volI, comprehensive umeofillustrations, thecoreofwhichis a photographic of each burial in scaled coverage deposit v

vi

INTRODUCTION

repeating,in the interestsof a consolidatedaccount,thosepublishedearlierin BSA reproductions, 77. This is supplementedby drawingsand photographsof select objects at a largerscale. Plans of thecemetery,itslocationand ofeach tombare placed at thebeginning,togetherwithviewsofsome the captionsto the of themore interesting depositsin situ.To providesome additionalinformation, in the Table of Contents illustrations and cross-referenced Plateshave on occasionsbeen expanded a of the more of selection at the end. The smallsectionof comparanda,consisting importantmatethe Volume. Text rial,has been includedforease of reference,in anticipationof I, Tables are appended whichtakeintoaccountall theburialsin thecemeFinally,as in Lefkandi a diagram tery,and give theirsuggesteddates,as well as listingthe contentsof each. Furthermore burials. is providedsettingout the evidence forstratified about the excavationsand some comPendingthepublicationof theTextVolume,information menton themis available in a numberof sources.BSA 11 may be consultedfora studyof thevarious aspectsof theburialsup to the end of the 1981 season. For lateryears,summaryaccountsare illustrated report givenin AR thoughthatin no. 35 (1988-9),117-29,containsa morecomprehensive, on theexcavationsof 1984 and 1986,withsome changesofpreviousopinion.An accountin Greek coveringthe 1981-4seasons has been givenby Mr. P.G. Calligas inJournalofEuboeanStudies(19845), 253-69. In recentyears,studieshave been publishedon a fewofthemostimportantfindsand theircontext:thepictorialpyxis,Square XIV,3 (PLATE 94), in 'An EarlyEuboean Ship', OJA6 (1987),3539, and by Mr. P.G. Calligas, 'Early Euboean Ship Building',TropisII, 77-83;the engravedbronze bowl, Tomb 70,18 (PLATE 133) in an articleof that name, OJA14 (1995), 103-7 by Mr. M.R. Popham,who withDr. I.S. Lemos also consideredthe contentsand significanceof Tomb 79 in A Euboean WarriorTrader',OJA14 (1995), 151-7 the Near Eastern and otherimports,and theirimplicationsforearly More comprehensively, Euboean enterpriseabroad, have been considered in Chapter 2 'Precolonisation:Early Greek Contactswiththe East' by Mr. M.R. Popham in TheArchaeology EssaysdedicatofGreekColonisation, ed toSirJohnBoardmaned. G.R. Tsetskhladzeand E De Angelis(Oxford 1994). Gratitudeshouldbe expressedto a greatnumberof people, by no means all mentionedbelow, containedin thisvolume. theyearsto the illustrations who have contributed throughout The late Mr. David Smyth,the School's honorarysurveyor,preparedthe basis forthe plans of the cemetery,the layoutof the trenchesand the generalarea of the burialgrounds.In the earlier years,he also plottedeach tomb,while cover slabs and depositswere drawnby variousmembers oftheexcavationteams.Of theseparticularmentionshouldbe made ofthecomplex ones ofTomb 49 and its section(PLATES 11-13),and of the horse burialsin Tomb 68 (PLATE 22), by Dr. D.E. Evely,who also made thefinaldrawingofthem,and ofTomb 80 plannedby Mr. Rie Tyler(PLATE 27). Miss Susan Birddrewnearlyall themanyvases and otherobjectsup to 1991,includingthe outstandingdrawingof the engravedbronze bowl, no. 28, in Tomb 55 (PLATE 133), and the reconstructionof theAtticcrater,no. 16,fromPyre 14 (PLATE 110).

INTRODUCTION

vii

at Oxfordcontributed overmanyyearsfinal ofArchaeology Mrs.AlisonWilkins oftheInstitute a in Dr. D. Evely,Dr. Colin of number of the made Eretria Museum tracings drawings great by Mr. Dr. Eleni Hatzakis and M.R. ofthelarge Macdonald, by Popham,whodrewthereconstruction localcrater, no. 12,fromTomb79 (PLATE 106).Notleast,shealsoproducedthecharts oftomband andtheirlayout. pyrecontents Thephotographs takenbyMr.M.R. Popham,whoalsomademanyofthefinal were,ingeneral, assisted andhisstaff inthePhotographic ofthe enlargements, greatly byMr.R. Wilkins Department Institute ofArchaeology at Oxford.Someothersweretaken,orprovided, Dr. byMr.L.H. Sackett, D. Evelyand Mr.P.G. Calligas. Mr.L.H. Sackett, beforehisinvolvement inmajorexcavations atPalaikastro, wasco-director and one oftheauthorsofthereportin BSA 77.He continued to givevaluableassistance in subsequent seasons.Specialthanksare due to Dr. Evelyforgreathelpin organising and arranging theplates, in checking numbers and providing severallastminutedrawings to add to themanyhe inventory at an earlierstage. had contributed Dr. I.S. Lemosmadea majorcontribution to thepreparation ofthisvolume,especially Finally, in theselection ofvasesforillustration and in advisingon chronology. On thissubject, we bothhavefoundconsiderable thephasesestablished problemsin following in which were based on the Attic series and theoccurrence of I, Desborough by Leflcandi largely inlocalcontexts. Atticimports Itmaybe that,withall thenewmaterial, itwouldbe better todefine and developments. we have Meanwhile, however, stageswithgreater regardforlocalinnovations a Ilia SPG to it from thatfoladhered,forthemostpart,to hiscriteria, adding stage distinguish the abandonment of the known which we now call SPG Illb. cemeteries, lowing The terminology we have adopted,explainedin theAbbreviations, reflects ourdifficulties, in thatwe havenotinfrequently alloweda spanofphasesto allowforouruneaseaboutgreater cerThisis notsurprising sincesomeofthesestageshavebeenallotteda mere25 yearswhichis tainty. a probably atprecision forthisperiod. over-optimistic attempt MervynPopham

ABBREVIATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY Annuario AR BSA BSA 11

OJA Tropis I Lefkandi

LK'

AnnuariodellaScuolaArcheologica di Atene Archaeological Reports AnnualoftheBritishSchoolat Athens 'FurtherExcavations of the Toumba Cemeteryat Lefkandi, 1981',by M.R. Popham,E. Touloupa and L.H. Sackett,BSA 11 (1982) 213-248 JournalofArchaeology Oxford 2nd International Symposiumof the HellenicInstitutefor the Preservation Nautical Tradition, of Delphi 1987 I, the IronAge,Textand Plate volumes Lefkandi

(1979-80)ed. by M.R. Popham,L.H. Sackettand withP.G. Calligas CHRONOLOGY

MPG LPG SPG

MiddleProtogeometric LateProtogeometric Sub-Protogeometric I PhaseI roughly I (EG equatedwithAtticEarlyGeometric i) II PhaseII roughly II equatedwithAtticEarlyGeometric (EG II) Ilia PhaseIlia roughly equatedwithAtticMiddleGeometric la (MG la) Illb PhaseIllb roughly equatedwithAtticMiddleGeometric Ib-II (MG Ib-II) A hyphenbetweenPhases signifies a stagewithinthe of those range phases / An obliquestroke betweenPhasessignifies theborderline betweentwophases DIMENSIONS

cms m. L. Ht. D.

centimetres metres length height diameter

X

1 Plates1-5 CEMETERY AND AREA PLANS

Plate 1

öS

1 a> a a>

Ο

Oh Ο

ΐ Ö < cu

o !

I o

I

I i

Plate 98

X

I X c &> "S3

X + > >
X I X X

I <J

ä I o

ì

6 Plates99-110 DRAWINGS OF SELECT VASES AND FIGURINES

Plate 99

Selectvases, Kalathoi,cups, skyphoiand kantharos.T. 45,13 (SPG 1), T.63,6 (LPG), T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13(LPG/SPG I), Pyre28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG), Pyre28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T.79A,3 (SPG II), T.47,3 and 4 (SPG II), T.59,1 (LPG/SPG ), T.45,27 (SPG I). Sacie 1:3

Plate 100

' O c/^

i

O

o" 00

H ST C/3

Ò Plh

°ì

ctT IO

!í

sfa'

HS

^13

aï CO

"3 CU 'M

J£

'u

1 G

Plate 104

Selectvases.Jugs,feedingbottle,jar, lekythos,smallhydriaiand flask.T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I), T.48,9 (LPG), T.45,4 (SPG I), T.63,9 (LPG), T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), T.45,3 (SPG I), T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13(LPG), Pyre23,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3

Plate 105

Selectvases.Pyxides, and 15(SPG I), T.46,9(LPG), T.38,1(SPG Il-IIIa), T.51,14 jar andcoarseware amphora. T.51,22(SPG I), T.83,1(SPG I-II). Scale 1:3exceptT.83,1atnear1:4

Plate 106

ρ oo

Ε ι- ι

O

Pu,

îi ■s

I

.S

•a

I 1 Έ Ο

!

Plate 107

Selectvases.Red Slipware,T.39.7(LPG),T.41,6(LPG/SPGI). Shallowbowl,T.71,5(LPG).Trays, T.46,6(LPG) and itscomplexdecoration, incisedware;T.59,25,omitting from T.45,28(SPG I). Handmade, T.74,11 (LPG/SPG),figurines and 12,decoration somewhat restored, (SPG Ilia). Pictorial representations, Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia). Scaleofvasesandfigurines 1:3

Plate 108

Selecthandmadevases. Coarse wares,T.41,12,an importfromN. Greece, (LPG/SPG I), cookingpots T.47,8 (SPG II), T.38,13and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Burnishedblack ware,T.39,18 (LPG), T.63,12 (LPG), T.54,25 (LPG), T.54,24 (LPG), T.46,17(LPG). T.80,30,an import?,(SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3

Plate 109

. 00

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ο



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it

■Si β«

j£ |s ás

il §^ υ ο-.

Ο^

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io ^_ ο ^o Oh (U

c/3
O)

Plate 113

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o

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CN

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μ -α

ï oo

it H

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Plate 114



ZZZI

T.38

Z-^l- ZZZZZ_!_

zii^zi ruzzimi

^ LDJ&* Earnng

1 O 3 J N = r ^

T.37

Z

1

Handmadeburnished

nkifl _^Ë

T.36

"

0 Pendent

" E F G

T.35

Î

R _™2 T

ZZZZZ

1

_££*

P

T.34

~ ZZH ~ ^^

L Lekythos

¿

T.33

other

Crater Amphoriskos

I

T.32

1 ~ __._ZZZZZZZZ!ZIZIZZ ZZZI Z ZZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ~^^2 ~

SHELLS

~

"~

~ï

ï

i

2

2

OTHER

59

2 DATE

SPGIlia

SPGIlia

SPG Ilia

(empty)

(empty)

SPGIlia

SPG I?

SPG "" Ilia

LPG

LPG/ SPGI

TABLE 1 (continued) TOMB NUMBERS T.41

CONTENTS I C"P Skyphos

I

L O P ° c ' A T £ R Y

I

P

1

1

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos JuQfrgbt Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

6 1

S

~

T.46 1

"""

1 1 2

T.47

T.48

2 1

3 1

~

T.49

T.50

~^^_

H

1

~

~^^_

~ 1 1

3

1 3 1

2 1 18

4 1 4

2

1

1

~

~

1 1

1

1__

. 2 2

g

3

2 7

8

Z 1

1 2

1 1

30

20

9

11

1 1

2 2

2

*"~ 1 6

2

1 2 1

_________

2

2

~__6

1

2 1

2

1 1

1 2

1

4

1? ~

~

T" vessel

"

~

~

1 1

~

~~

1 * 1

^

___ 1

1 E

M A T E R I A L

1 1

2

Band G Attachment 0 Pendent - : ¡- - -Bead D Earring E ____Foil T G Coil A ¡_ _Pjn L ___ Bracelet D Fibula

O T H E R

~

1 1?

Rin9

Ring Scarab C Pendent E I Segmentedbead bead GLASS other CRYSTAL bead bulk) AMBER bead bulb «nlay whetstone STONE balls bead CLAY other

T.45

4

1 1

12

Bracelet Grater Vessel Other Fibula Pin Sword/dagger Spear 0 N Axe/adze Knife I I Other LEAD

~

T.44

1

Handmadeburnished

B 0 J N E ' C fc T S •

"~

T.43

1

psc circles pedestalled other

r _Attic T Other TOTAL _

~

~

T.42

2

~

ZZZZ

1 29

1 413+

16

c.9250 1 ~~

~"

150 33

~ ~

A 1 4

:

1 21 4

1

SHELLS

18

25

20

135

spG,

LPG

SPGII

LPG

1

OTHER DATE

g*

LPGor

?

LPG

JJPG-

LPG-

TABLE 1 (continued)

TOMB NUMBERS

T.50

CONTENTS I C"P Skyphos

L n •T r ° ' ¿ T | R Y

I P

§ T

T.51

1 1 6

~

T.58

~"

1

T.59 1 1

2 1

1

1

~~~~~

~^ZZ

2

9 ~~

2

1 1

1 17 2_

1

~~~~~~~~

"~

2

~~

6 3

1

27

19

"""

5

~

1 1

1 1 25

j

_ _§ "~

*"

2 2

1

1

1 2 2 4

O N

Bracelet Grater 'E Vessel Other Fibula Pin 1 Sword/dagger 0 Spear N Axe/adze Knife | | Other LEAD

T.57

T.56

2

1

Handmadeburnished Attic Other TOTAL

2

2

2__

2

2

2

6

"~ 2

-" i

1

1 i

i? 1

1

2^

2?

1 1

1 ~"

~

1

3J

~

~

~

~^^_ 4 12

~2_

2 1 1 5525 62+

2Ë£

M A

CRYSTAL bead buto AMBER bead b"«b

g

STONE

1 A

CLAY

R

15

3 1 6 2

1

I £ ' Vessel 1 _Ring E Scarab O C Pendent E bead | Segmented |T bead H GLASS

t

T.55

3

2

Platepsc Crater Amphoriskos Lekythos Jug/juglet Trefoil oenochoe Amphora Hydria/hydriskos Pyxis Kalathos Feeding-bottle Othershapes Red-slipware ware Black-slip Coarse& cookingpotfabric

° 5 Ph

E

T.54

2

psc circles pedestalled otht£

G O L M P E T G _Çoil A [ _Pin L _r_ Bracelet 0 Fibula

0 R

T.53

1

Ring Band Attachment Pendent Bead Earring Other

B J E C T S

T.52

m

whetstone

1__ 1

~

2Ë22U

bead wheel

i

s_!^f

i

1

t

OTHER

DATE

£ bead

ZZZ

~~

ZZZZ

""

~~

!ZZZ

~

ZZZZZ ZZZ! Z

Z ZZZ

_?y

whetstone

CLAY

other; bead other^

-

SHELLS OTHER DATE

SPG II

¿PO/I SPG

?

-

~~

Z -

ZZZ! -

ZZZI Z ZZZ!

~'

ZZZZ

_]ZZZZZ ZZZIZ! ZZZZZ

bu|b

STONE

~

?

ZZZI Z ZZZIZ ZZZ! Z ZZZZ ZZZZZ Z ZZZZ Z ZZZI Z Ï

LEAD

i

~

~~

____

ZZZI Z ZZZ ZI ZZZZ

TABLE2 LIST OF TOMBSAND PYRES WITH PROPOSEDDATES TOMBS

PYRES

T-1 LPG T.33 T. 2 SPG I - 11 T.34 T-3 LPG T.35 H T-4 SPG T.36 T.5 SPG II T.37 T.6 (empty) T.38 T-7 LPG T.39 T.8 (empty) j.4O ? T-9 T.41 T.1O no tomb y.42 T.11 (empty) T.43 T.12A LPG T.44 T.12B MPG T.45 T. 13 SPG II T.46 T-14 LPG T.47 T-15 5PG ! T.48 T.16 no tomb T#49 T.17 LPGor MPG/LPGT.5O T.18 LPG T.51 T.19 SPG Ilia 7.52 T.20 (empty) T#53 T.21 (empty) j.54 T.22 SPG II T.55 T.23 SPG II T.56 T.23A T.24 T.25 T.26 T.27 T.28 T.29 T.30 T.31 T.32

LPG/SPGI SPG II-IIIa SPG I LPG SPG I-II SPG II LPG/SPGI (empty) SPG Ilia SPG Ilia

T.57 T.58 T.59 T.60 T.61 T.62A T.62B T.63 T.64 T.65

SPG Ilia (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia SPG I? SPG II-IIIa LPG LPG/SPGI LPG/SPGI LPGor SPG I ? LPG SPG I LPG SPG II LPG MPG-LPG LPG-SPGI SPG I SPG I-II ? |_PG LPG/SPGI (empty) LPG LPG LPG/SPG ? (empty) LPG MPG LPG LPG (empty)

y.66 j.67 y.68 T.69 T.70 T.71 T.72 T.73 j.74 T.75 T.76 T.77 T.78 T.79 T.80 T.81 T.82 T.83

LPG-SPGI (empty) ? LPG-SPGII LPG LPG (empty) (empty) SPG Ilia ? (empty) (empty) SPG II SPG II SPG II/IIIa (empty) (empty) SPG I-II

XVI SQUARE spG ma

P.1 P. 2 P. 3 P. 4

LPG? LPG SPG I - 11 I PG

? p. 5 P. 6 (empty) p. 7 LPG? P. 8 SPG I-II p. 9 (empty) p. 10 p. 11/ P. 12 LPG P. 13 SPG II P. 14 SPG Ilia p-15 (empty) P. 16 (empty) P. 1V (empty) p-18 ? P. 19 LPG P. 20 (empty) p. 21 SPG II/IIIa P. 22 ? P. 23 SPG Ilia P. 24 (empty) P. 25 (empty) P. 26 (empty) P. 27 SPG Ilia P. 28 LPG/SPGI P. 29 (empty) P. 30 (empty) P. 31 SPG Ilia P. 32 LPG P. 33 SPG II P. 34 LPG

TABLE3

STRATIFIED BURIALS

MPG

MPG/ LPG

LPG

T. 12 B

T. 12 A

T. 62 B

7- T 62 A T. 17

.

LPG/ SPG I

SPG II

SPG I

SPG Ilia

P. 1 T. 26 P. 4 T. 57

T. 3-

T. 55

j-T.

T. 13

15

P 7 (?) 1_ T. 29 - !

T. 27 T. 51

T. 48 1

T. 54 J

T. 5

I 1 1 T. 14 J T. 24

-,

T. 23

T. 23 A

T. 28

R 32 -

P. 33 T. 40 - ■

- P- 13

T. 50 -

■

P. 14

T. 75 P. 25 T. 40

P. 13 T. 52 -

T. 47

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

193

Section1 and AreaPlans Cemetery PLATE Planshowing 1. Lefkandi. therelative ofthesettlement area. positions 'Xeropolis'andthecemetery 2. Cemetery areashowing thelocationoftheToumbabuilding andburialground. 3. 4.

PlanoftheToumbacemetery after the1992season'sexcavation. Planshowing ofthecemetery andMPG building atToumba. therelative positions

5.

TrenchplanoftheToumbacemetery.

Section2 Tomband PyrePlans PLATE 6. PlansofTombs38 and39. Scale 1:20. A photograph ofthemassivecoverslabsoverthistombandofitsdensefloordepositisgivenatPLATE 29a-b. 7.

PlansofTombs40-42.Scale 1:20. PLATE29c-dshowsmoreclearly theposition ofthe'attachments' andgoldbands,whichhasa bearing on theirfunction.

8.

PlansofTombs43 and44, andPyres11and 13.Scale 1:20.

9.

PlansofTombs45, 46 and48. Scale 1:20. A viewofthefloordepositofTomb46 is givenatPLATE30a.Theunusually largecoverslabsofTomb 48 areshownatPLATE30Z>.

10. PlansofTombs47 and52. Scale 1:20. 11. PlanofTomb49; primary burial.Scaleas shown. Remainsofthewoodencoffin wereespecially wellpreserved on theN.,S. andW.wallsoftheshaft, to be seenatPLATE31b,andin close-upat PLATE32c-d. 12. PlanofTomb49 showing burialpartly overlaidbya subsequent mud-brick wall,andthelater primary burialshaft withtwovasesin thefill.Scaleas shown. of thesecondary The fainttracesof thewoodencoffin burialcan be seen at PLATE 323,and the amphoraandjug insituat PLATE32a. 13. Tomb49; east-west sectionacrossthesouthendoftheshaftatthepointindicated on PLATE 11.Scale as shown. in therefill Levels1 to 7 aredifferent ofthetombafter theinitialfillhad stagesofvarying consistancy removedandthemud-brick divisionconstructed forthesecondary burial. beenalmostentirely

'

TABLE OF CONTENTS

194

PLATE 14. Plans ofTombs50, 51, 53 and 54. Scale 1:20. Tomb 50, one of the Attictypeurn burialsin thiscemetery.The neck of its amphora witha 'killed' swordwrappedaroundit is to be seen at PLATE 30a and aftersome clearanceat PLATE 30 b. It is possiblethattheprojectingslab at the E. end ofTomb 51 was a marker,but,ifso, unique as such. A view ofthefloordepositofTomb 54 is givenat PLATE 23 a. 15.

Plan ofTomb 55. Scale 1:20. A mostunusualcase of a double burial,witha cremationcontainedin a largejar withlid (PLATE 61, T.55,1),and an inhumationon the floorof the shaft.

16.

Plan ofTombs51 and 58. Scale 1:20. An Attictypeburialwithno offerings otherthanthe amphoracontainingthe cremation(PLATE 67).

17.

Plan ofTomb 59. Scale 1:20.

18.

Plans of Tombs 60, 66 and 69. Scale 1:20.

19.

Plans ofTombs 62A, 62B and 63. Scale 1:20. Tomb 62A withwalls of mud-brickconstructedover Tomb 62b, shownat PLATE 34¿z. A view of Tomb 63 is givenat PLATE 33b withclose-upsof the gold discs (PLATE 131) and, unusually,of thefaiencebeads of one necklacein positionundisturbedat PLATE 33 (c) and ( d ). The pile ofvases at the S. end of the shaftis shownat PLATE 34¿.

20.

Plans ofTomb 64 and Pyres14 and 15. Scale 1:20 except detailsof Pyre 14 deposit,illustrated also at PLATE 35c.

21.

Tomb 68, horseburial 1. Scale as shown. The upper of two partlysuperimposedhorseburials,withan ironbit,poorlypreserved,in itsmouth.

22.

Tomb 68, the superimposedhorseburials 1 and 2. Scale as shown. The lowerhorseburial,also withironbit.No otherfinds.There is a clear precedentin thehorse burialswithinthe 'Heroon'. See also PALTE 35a-b.

23.

Plans ofTombs 70 and 71. Scales, T.70 at 1:20; T.71 at 1:10. Tomb 71 also illustratedat PLATE 34c.

24.

Plans ofTombs 74 and 75. Scales, T.74 at 1:15; T.75 at 1:20; T.74 a view is givenof the floordeposit at PLATE 34d.

25.

Plans ofTombs 73, 76 and 77.Scale 1:20. Tomb 73, an example of a typeof tombwitha verynarrowlower compartment, illustratedat PLATE 36a.

26.

Plans ofTombs 78 and 79, shaftand side niche.Scales, T.78 near 1:25; T.79, shaftat 1:20, nicheat 1:6. Tomb 78, thebronzevessel,no. 14,is shown in situat PLATE 36b. Tomb 79, a unique tombconsistingof a shaftwitha side niche containingthe cremationurn (a bronze cauldron)and weapons,to be seen in situat PLATE 36c A preliminary accountof the tomband itsfindshas been publishedby M.R. Popham and I.S. Lemos in OJA14 (1995), 151-7.

27.

Plans ofTomb 80 floordeposit.Scale 1: 12. One oftherichestburialsin thecemetery;itsfloordepositand massivecoverslabs shownat PLATE 37. The positionof thepins and thepresumedpositionof the head, largelyunderlyingthepile ofvases at the E. end, suggestthe existenceof a wooden coffin, thoughno traceof one remained.

28.

Plans ofTomb 80, cover slabs,and Tombs 81-83. Scale 1:20.

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195

Section3 ViewsofSelectTombsand Pyres (Referenceto thesePlates,withcomment,is givenin Section2 above, underthe relevant Tomb or Pyre)

PLATE 29. [ä-b) Tomb39,coverslabsandfloordeposit;[c-d)Tomb42,floordepositand details. 30. (a) Tomb46,floordeposit;(b) Tomb48, coverslabs;(c-d) Tomb58, shaftandpitwithburialurn andsword. 31. 32. 33. 34.

it. burialshowing thesubsequent divisionwallpartly Tomb49, (a-b) primary overlying oflaterburial; Tomb49, (a ) amphoraandjug in fillabovesecondary burial;(b) wooddustsurround ofcoffin ofearlierburial. (c-d) woodremains (a) Tomb54,floordeposit;(b-d) Tomb63,floordepositand details. surround; (b) Tomb59,heapofvasesatwestendofshaft; (a ) Tomb62a,floordepositandmud-brick floordepositof(c) Tomb71,and (d) Tomb74.

andbronzes. (a-b) Tomb68,doublehorseburial;(c) Pyre14,surface depositofpottery ofshaft;(b) Tomb78,bronzevasein positionon floor;(c) lowercompartment 36. (a) Tomb73,slit-like Tomb79,thesidenicheanditsdeposit. 37. Tomb80, (a ) massivecoverslabs;(b) floordeposit. 35.

Section4 Tomband PyreContents

PLATE 38. Tomb38,contents (part).Scale 1:3. 39. Tomb38,contents (part).Scales1:3fornos.23-9,and 1:2fornos.43-54. 40.

Tomb38,contents Scale 1:1 exceptno. 56. Tomb39, contents (remainder). (part);1:2fornos.24-7, 29,44 and45; 1:3forno. 23 and2:5 forno. 28.

41.

Tomb39,contents (part).Scale 1:3. Tomb39,contents (part).Scale 1:3.

42. 43.

Tomb39,contents Scales1:2fornos.32-4,36 and38-43; 1:3fornos.31 and35; 2:3 (remainder). forno. 37,and 1:6forno. 30.

44.

Scales1:3fornos. 1-14; 1:2fornos. 15,20 and22-3; 2:3 fornos. 16and 19. Tomb40,contents. Scale 1:3 except13-14at 1:2. Tomb41,contents.

45.

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PLATE 46. Tomb 42, contents.Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-8, 17 and 20; 1:2 fornos. 9, 10-15 and 18; 2:3 forno. 19. 47.

Tomb 44, contents.Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-7 and 1:2 fornos. 8-9. Pyre 11/12,contents(part).Scales 1:3 fornos. 1-3 and 1:6 fornos. 4-5.

48.

Pyre 13,contents(part).Scales 1:2 fornos. 1-3 and 9-10; 1:3 fornos. 4-8 and 11.

49.

(A) fromPyre 11/12.(B) surfacesherdsfromSquare XII. (C) and (D) Pyre 13,contents(part).(E) surfacesherdsfromSquare XIII. Scale of (D) 1:3; remainderas shown.

50.

Tomb 45, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

51.

Tomb 45, contents(remainder).Scales, of vases 1:3, rest2:3 exceptno. 35 as shown.

52.

Tomb 46, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

53.

Top: Tomb 46, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest2:3 exceptno. 27 as shown.Bottom: Tomb 47, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

54.

Top: Tomb 47, contents(remainder).Scale 2:3. Bottom:Tomb 48, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

55.

Tomb 48, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, rest1:2.

56.

Tomb 49, contents.Scales: no. 1 at 1:4, no. 2 at 1:3, nos. 3-6 at 1:1,nos. 8-9 at 2:3 and no. 11 as shown.

57.

Top: Tomb 50, contents.Scales: vase 1:6, weapons 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 51, contents(part).Scale 1:3. Tomb 51, contents(remainder).Nos. 1,3, 4, 5 and 7 fromtombfill.Scales: vases and model 1:3, rest 1:2.

58. 59.

Top: Tomb 52 contents.Scales: vases and no. 5 at 1:3, restat 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 54, contents(part). Scale 1:3.

60.

Tomb 54, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

61.

Top: Tomb 54, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 29, 30, 31 and 32 at 1:2, restat 1:3. Bottom:Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: nos. 1-2 at 1:4, no. 4 at 1:3. Tomb 55, contents(part).Scales: vases 1:3, fibulaeat 1:2.

62. 63.

Top: Tomb 55, contents(remainder).Scales: no. 32 at 1:3, nos. 34-35, 21-27 at 1:2. Bottom:Tomb 51, contents.Scales: vases at 1:3, fibulaat 1:2.

64.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

65.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

66.

Tomb 59, contents(part).Scales: vases, fibulae,pin and faiencevases 1:3,jewelleryand faienceringat 1:3; scarab at 2:3.

67.

Top: Tomb56, contents(remainder).Scales as shown.Bottom:Tomb 58, Tomb 60, Tomb 61 and Tombs 62A and B, contents.Scale 1:3 exceptTomb 58 amphoraat 1:6.

68.

Tomb 63, contents(part).Scales: vases 1:3,jewellery,nos. 13-17 1:2.

69.

Top: Tomb 63, contents(remainder).Scale 1:3 exceptno. 33 as shown.Bottom:Tombs 64, 66 and 69, contents.Scales: vases 1:3, fibulae2:5, and T.64, 2-9 as shown.

70.

Tomb 70, contents(part).Scales: vases,nos. 1 and 3, 1:3; no. 2 1:4; bronzes,no. 17as shown,no. 18 2:5 and no. 20 3:4; pins,nos. 27-8 and jewellery,nos. 4-5 and 8-14 at 2:3.

71.

Top: Tomb 70, contents(remainder).Scales: nos. 3, 6 and 7 as shown,rest,2:3. Bottom:Tomb 71, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

72.

Top: Tomb 71, contents(remainder).Scales: vases 1:3, no. 17 3:2, no. 18 1:1; nos. 19 and 20 2:3. Bottom:Tomb 74, contents(part).Scale 1:3 exceptnos. 11 and 12 1:2.

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PLATE 73. Top: Tomb 74, contents(remainder).Scales: jewellerynos. 18-34 and 39 1:2, bronzesnos. 35-38 1:2, nos. 13-17and 40 as shown.Bottom:Tomb 75, contents.Scales: nos. 1-3 1:2 and no. 5 1:3. 74.

Top: Tomb 78, contents.Scales: vases 1:3,jewellerynos. 8-14 2:3, nos. 6 and 12 as shown.Bottom: Tomb 79, contents(part).Stone weights.Scale as shown.

75.

Tomb 79, contents(part).Scale 1:3,

76.

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),contents(part).Scales: A6 1:3, A8 1:3, A14 1:6.

77

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),contents(part).Scale near 1:2.

78.

Tomb 79A (shaftfill),and 79B (niche)contents(part).Scales: Bl (cauldron)1:3, B2, B9, B10-11 1:3,rest as shown.

79.

Tomb 79A and B, contents(remainder).Scales: A10-11 1:3,A12-13 as shown,B3, A16-7, A2, A15, B5, B4 and A2 1:1,B6 as shown.

80.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

81.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

82.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

83.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

84.

Tomb 80, contents(part).Scale 1:3.

85.

Tomb 80, contents(remainder).Scales: no. 50 2:3, nos. 51-6 and 62-3 1:1, and nos. 57-9 1:2; no. 68 1:2; restas shown.

86.

Pyre 14,contents(part).Scale 1:3.

87. 88.

Pyre 14,contents(part).Scales, potteryas shown,bronzesnos. 17, 18 and 20 1:2. Pyre 14,contents(remainder).Sherdsof craterno. 16. Scale as shown.

89.

Contentsof Pyre 19,a possible Pyre21 and Pyre23 (part).Scale 1:3.

90.

Pyre23, contents(remainder).FragmentsofAtticvases. Scale near 1:2. Contentsof Pyres27, 28, 31 and 32. Scales: pottery1:3 exceptPyre32, 2 at 1:4; fibulaPyre27 at 1:2; ironobjects,Pyre31, and Pyre32, nos. 3-4 as shown.

91. 92.

ofan Atticpyxis.Scale Top: ContentsofPyres33 and 34. Scale 1:3. Bottom:Square XVI, 14,fragments 1:3.

Section5 fromFillsand Surface Pottery PLATE 93. PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4. 94. 95. 96.

PotteryfromSquare XVI (part).Scale 1:4. PotteryfromSquare XVI (remainder).Scales: no. 16 1:3, restas shown. Potteryand twofibulaefromTomb and Pyrefills,(a ) Tomb 61, (b) Pyre 17,(c-d ) Tomb 51, (e-f ) Tomb regionof 61, (g) Pyre20. Scales; {e-f) 2:3, (g) 1:2, restas shown.

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PLATE 97. Potteryfrom surface of (a ) Tr. XV, (b ) Tr. C, (c-d ) Tr. XIX. 98.

Potteryfrom surface of {a ) Tr. XIX, (b ) Tr. XIV, (c) Tr. XIV + XVI, (d ) Tr. XVII, (e) Tr. XVIII

Section6 Drawingsof SelectVases and Figurines

PLATE 99. Selectvases,Kalathoi.T. 45,13 (SPG 1),T.63,6 (LPG), Cups, T.45,25 (SPG I), T.40,13(LPG/SPG I) also illustratedPLATE 115«,Pyre 28,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.48,4 (LPG) also illustratedPLATE 115A.Skyphoi, Pyre28,1 (LPG/SPG I), T79A,3 (SPG II) restoredin drawingfroma fragmentary example,T.47,3and PLATE 112e and d, T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) a unique variantof 4, bothminiatures,(SPG II) also illustrated the circles skyphos,also illustratedPLATE 112g Pedestalled kantharos,T.45,27 (SPG I), the only PLATE 113c.Scale 1:3. example of thisshape, also illustrated 100.

Select vases. Pendentsemicircleskyphoi.Pyre 34,1 (LPG), T.48,1 (LPG) also illustratedPLATE Ilio, PLATE Ilio, T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), T.80,10and 11 (SPG II/IIIa), no. 10 also T.57,1(LPG) also illustrated PLATE 111/Pyre 14,1,3and 8 (SPG Ilia). Scale 1:3. illustrated

101.

Select vases. Pedestalledskyphoi.T.80,2 (SPG II/IIIa) an addition to those illustratedin the tomb groupat PLATES 81-2, T.74,8 (SPG Ilia) also ilustratedPLATE 113a,Pyre23 (SPG Ilia) restoredin drawing.Shallow bowls; strap-handledSq. XVI,9 = ?Pyre21 (SPG II/IIIa); withdouble or single withcommenton PLATE 112 a-c. Scale 1:3. handles,T.80,15,23and 25 (SPG II/IIIa) also illustrated

102.

PLATE 114B,T.55,3 and Selectvases. Pendentsemicircleplates,T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I) also illustrated 4 (LPG/SPG I) also illustratedPLATE 114A and C with comment,Sq. XVI, 8 = ?Pyre 21 (SPG II/IIIa), restoredin drawingfroman incompletevase. Scale 1:3.

103.

Selectvases. Pendentsemicircleplates,Pyre 14, 16 (SPG Ilia), T79A,4 and 6 (SPG II), no. 6 being largelyrestoredin drawing.Scale 1:3.

104.

Selectvases.Jugs,T.45,5 (SPG I), T.42,7 (LPG or SPG I). FeedingbottleT.48,9 (LPG). Basket-handled jar T.45,4 (SPG I). Lekythos,T.63,9 (LPG). Small hydriai,T.74.2 (SPG Ilia) also illustratedPLATE 119(c), T.45,3 (SPG I) also PLATE 117«,T.40,3 (LPG/SPG I), T.46,13 (LPG) and T.38,2. Flask, Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia) also PLATE 119(0). Scale 1:3.

105.

Select vases. Pyxides,T.38,1 (SPG II-IIIa), T.51,14 and 15 (SPG I), T.46,9 (LPG). Basket-handled amphora,T.51,22(SPG I). Coarsewareamphora,T.83,1 (SPG I-II). Scale 1:3 exceptT.83,1at near 1:4.

106.

Select vases. Large local craterwithpedestalledfootand fourdouble handles,T.79A,7 (SPG II), very in drawing,see PLATE 77.Ht. 38.5. and incomplete;reconstructed fragmentary PLATE Selectvases. Red Slip WarekantharosT.39,7 (LPG), andjug T.41,6(LPG/SPG I) also illustrated 120(c).Shallow,handlelessbowl T.71,5(LPG). TraysT.46,6 (LPG) and T.45,28 (SPG I). Depictionof a at PLATES 94 and 126, and of a bird on a sherd ship on pyxisno. 3 in Sq. XVI (SPG Ilia) illustrated fromthe same area. Handmade, black/greyburnishedand incised fabric;pyxis and lid T.59,25 F(LPG/SPG) partlyrestoredin drawingbut omittingthe complex panel decorations,forwhich see PLATE 66, dolly T.74,11 (SPG Ilia), an unexpectedlylate context,as, too, forthe tortoisefromthe same burial, also illustratedat PLATES 120(e) and 125(¿>);the decorationof both has been partly restoredin drawing.Scale 1:3. A similardollywas foundin LPG Palia PerivoliaT.22 no. 30 {LKl Plates 137 and 269).

107.

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PLATE

199

The ship depictionand thepyxison whichit was paintedhas been publishedby M.R. Pophan in OJA 6 (1987),353-9.

108.

Selectvases. Handmade and burnishedvases.Jugwithcut-awayspout,a probable Macedonian import T.41,12 (LPG/SPG I context).Black burnishedware (possible imports);juglets and feedingbottle, T.39,13,T.63,12,T.54,24-5 and T.46,17,all in LPG contexts.Brown,polished aryballos,a possible importT.80,30 (SPG II/IIIa). Coarse kitchenware, standed cooking pot T.47,8 (SPG II) and see PLATE 121 [a-b) for examples of similarvases in T.80 (SPG II/IIIa); incised, lug-handledbowls, T.38,13and 14 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale 1:3.

109.

PLATE 125(e). CypriotBlackSelectimportedvases. Phoenicianbichromejug T.79A,10 also illustrated on-RedjugletT.79A,13 also on PLATE 125(/). Shallow,carinatedbowl of uncertainoriginT79A,9. All threevases froman SPG II context.Atticvases, skyphosPyre 33,1 (EG II), kantharosSq. XVI,6 and large cup no. 5, both EG II/MG I and froma possible Pyre21, oenochoe Pyre 14,13(MG I) also illustratedPLATE 122(/); ?bowl of unusual shape with evidence for a handle Pyre 23,13 (MG I), in drawingfromsherds;pyxisT.39,4 (LPG). Scale 1:3. reconstructed Select Atticimports,both extensivelyreconstructedin drawingfromfragments;pyxis and lid Sq. XVI,14 (MG I) also illustratedon PLATE 92, Ht. c. 58.0, craterPyre 14,16(MG I) Ht. 47.5, sherds at PLATE 88. illustrated

110.

Section7 Photographsof SelectVases and Figurines PLATE 111. Select vases. Pendent semicircle skyphoi, [a) T.57,1 (LPG) see also PLATE 100, [b) T.48,1 (LPG) see also PLATE 100, (c) T.59,2 (LPG/SPG), [d ) T.45,26 (SPG I), (e-g) T.80,12, 10,9 (SPG II/IIIa), see also PLATE 100. Scale 1:2. 112.

Select vases. Shallow bowls with single and double handles, (a-c) T.80,20,25 and 18 (SPG II/IIIa) see also PLATE 101. Miniature skyphoi, [d-e) T.47,4 and 3 (SPG II) see also PLATE 99. Skyphoi, (/ ) T.42,5 (LPG or SPG I), ( g) T.59,1 (LPG/SPG) see also PLATE 99, Scale 1:2 except [d ) and (e) at 2:3. The type of shallow bowl such as those at [a-c) are attested in the cemetery only in Tomb 80, which contained 14 examples (PLATE 83).

113.

Select vases. Pedestalled skyphoi, (a) T.47,8 (SPG Ilia), [b] and (d ) T.80,8 and 3 (SPG II/IIIa). Kantharos, [c) T.45,27 (SPG I) see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2. The pedestalled skyphos is a type mainly attested by the 9 examples in Tomb 80 (PLATE 82). Only two other instances were recognised, that in Tomb 74 [[a) above) and sherds of another in Pyre 23, illustratedin a reconstruction at PLATE 101.

114.

Select vases. Pendent semicircle plates. (A) T.55,3 (LPG/SPG I), (B) T.42,8 (LPG or SPG I), see also PLATE 102, (C) T.55,4 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 102. Scale near 1:2.

115.

Select vases. Kalathoi, (a) T.59,3 (LPG/SPG), (b) T.45,6 (SPG I), (c) T.54,8 (LPG). Cups [d ) T.62B,1 (MPG), (e) T.40,13 (LPG/SPG I) see also PLATE 99, ( /) T.62A,1 (LPG), [g) T.69,1 (LPG-SPG I), (A) T.48,4 (LPG), see also PLATE 99. Scale 1:2.

116.

Select vases. Jugs (or large lekythoi), (a) T.70,2 (LPG) and [b) Pyre 11/12no. 1 (LPG). Scales [a) 1:3 and (b) 1:2. See PLATE 156, for two other vases of similar shape and with related decoration.

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PLATE 117. Selectvases. Shoulder-handledamphoriskoi,[a ) T.41,5(LPG/SPG I), (b) T.54,12(LPG). Small hydriai, (c) T.46,15(LPG), (e) T.45,3 (SPG I) see also PLATE 104. Oenochoe, (d ) T.57,3 (LPG). Scale 1:2. 118.

Select vases. Pyxides,(a) T.59,7 (LPG/SPG I); (¿) T.63,7 (LPG). Lekythos,(c) T.54,15 (LPG). Squat oenochoe, (d) T.80,39 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 1:2.

119.

Select vases. Flasks, (ö) T.40,1 (LPG/SPG I); (b) Pyre 23,1 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104. Small hydria,(c) T.74,2 (SPG Ilia), see also PLATE 104.Jar, (d) T.52,1 (SPGI-II). Scale 1:2 except (a) at near 1:3.

120.

Select vases. Black burnishedhandmade ware (a) T.45,30 (SPG I). Red slip ware (b) T.39,15 (LPG), (c) T.41,6 (LPG/SPG I) and see PLATE 107, ()tortoise figurinein burnishedblack/grayware and incisedT.74,12(SPG Ilia context), (c) pendent of burnished black ware with impressed decoration T.40,15 (LPG/SPG I context), ¡d) CypriotWhite Paintedjuglet T.79A,12 (SPG II context),(e) Phoenician bichromejug T.79A,10 (SPG II context),( / ) CypriotBlack-on-RedjugletT.79A,13 (SPG II context).Scale 1:2. (e) and (/) on PLATE 109. also illustrated

126.

Select vases. Figurines,models and ship depiction,(a) T.51,3 (fill)partlyrestored(Attic,LPG), (b) T.39,21 (LPG), [c-d ) T.41,2 (LPG/SPG I) and ( / ) T.38,33 (SPG II/IIIa) all discussed in BSA 77, PLATE 94. Scales {a ) 1:3, [b-d ) 232-3, (e) centralpanel ofpyxisSquare XVI,3 (SPG IIIA) illustrated and (/ ) 1:2. The ship depiction,publishedin OJA6 (1987),353-9 and TropisII, 77-83, is similarto the scene, also with birds and fish,on the catchplatesof some 'Boeotian' bronze fibulae,examples of which are at PLATE 159j-k. illustrated

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201

Section8 DrawingsofSelectWeaponsand otherObjects ofGold,Bronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Stone PLATE 127. Selectweapons: swords,dirksand knives.T79B,8 (SPG II), T.60,1 (?), Pyre 14,20(SPG Ilia), Pyre 13,4 (SPG II), T.54,32 (LPG), Pyre31,1-2 (SPG Ilia), T.54,32 (LPG), T.50,4 (LPG-SPG I). Scale: 1:3 except thetwo knivesat 1,2.Pyre 13,4of bronze,the remainderof iron. The dirk,Pyre 13,4,a reviseddrawingof BSA 77 fig.8,discussedp. 241. See PLATE 159 ( e-f ) foran ironswordand knifefroman LPG gravein theAgora Cemeteryat Athens. 128.

Select weapons and implements:spears, axe/adzes, arrowheadsand whetstone.T.79B,9 (SPG II), T.50,3 (LPG-SPG I), T.39,33 (LPG), Pyre 13,1and 2 (SPG II), T79A,14 and B,12 (SPG II), T.80,5 (SPG II/IIIa), Pyre35 (?). Of ironexceptarrowheadT.79A,14of bronze,and whetstoneT.80,5. Scale 1:3. The adze/axes discussedLKÏ, 256 and BSA 77, 241: see also PLATE 159ffora similartool froman LPG burial in Athens.T79B,12, examples of some 28 arrowheadsof slightlyvaryingsize, T.79A,14 iron object fromPyre35 has unexpectedlyof bronze and resemblingan LBA type.The fragmentary not been identified.

129.

Cauldron and selectfibulae,of bronze. T79B,1 (SPG II), T.54,30 (LPG), T.63,36 (LPG), T.44,8 and 9 (LPG), T.74,36and 37 (SPG Ilia), T.70,23 and 25 (LPG), T.46,23 (LPG), T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa). Scale: 1:2 exceptcauldronat 1:3. T.38,43 and T.44,8 and 9 discussedBSA 77, 237. See PLATE 140 forphotographsof these and other fibulae,and PLATE 159c for an example with paddle-wheelbead fromSkyros.The cauldron also PLATE 146 a-b. illustrated

130.

Selectpins,pendent,beads, braceletand earring.T.49,5+9 and 7+11+ 14 (MPG-LPG), T.61-P.19,3(?), T.61,2(undated),T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), T.70,27 (LPG), T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), T.60,2 (?), T.45,33 (SPG I), T.47,21 (SPG II), T.40,18 (LPG/SPG I), T.47,27 (SPG II), T.79A,15 (SPG II). Scale: 2:3 except T47,27at 1:2. See photographs, and discussionunderPLATE 139 ofT.49,5+9 and T.60,2 (iron,bone and descriptions faience),T.61 (region),3 (bronze),T.55,32 (giltiron and crystal),T.80,60 (giltiron and amber),T.47,21 (lead), T.47,27 (amber)and T.79A,15(bronze).T.49.7+11+ 14 (ironand bronze),T.70,27 (giltiron and crystal).T.40,18(bronze)discussedBSA 77, 239.

131.

Discs ofgold foilfromT.63 (LPG) restoredin drawing.Scale 1:1. also at PLATE 137.See PLATE 157a-eforsimilardiscsin the'Heroon' burialand from Some illustrated Skyrosand Lemnos.

132.

Select bronze vessels. T.42,17 (LPG or SPG I), T.47,18 (SPG II), T.39,31 (LPG), T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), T.55,29 (LPG/SPG I) and T.78,14(SPG I). Scale 1:3. Some illustrated also at PLATE 143,withdiscussion.T.39,31 and T.42,17,jugs withlotusbud handles, discussedBSA 77, 239. These jugs and plain bronze bowls consideredalso LKl, 249-50.

133.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). Scale as shown. The lower cable band on the roll-outhas been repeated around the tondo. Illustratedalso, and discussedat PLATE 144.

134.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl,T.70,18(LPG). D. ofrim 15.0 cms. Illustratedalso, and discussed at PLATE 145.

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PLATE 135. Select findsof faience,stoneand clay.Fingerringsof faience,T.39,37 (LPG), T.59,35 (LPG/SPG) and T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa). Seal of faience, T.46,26 (LPG). Scarab of faience, T.59,36 (LPG/SPG I). Pendentsof faience,T.45,34 (SPG I) and T.51,6 (SPG I). Near Eastern cylinderseal of ?haemetite, T.79A,20,not 19 (SPG II). Clay object,T.49,9 (MPG-LPG). Faience bowls,T.59,37 (LPG/SPG) and T.51,31(SPG I). Scales: rings,seal and head pendent3:2, dropletpendentand cylinderseal 1:1,scarab 2:1, clay objectand faiencebowls 1:2. Most illustrated also, and discussedat PLATE 142. Faience ring,T.39,37 discussedBSA 77, 244-5.

Section9 ofSelectJewellery, DressFastenings, Photographs Weapons, and otherObjectsofBronze,Iron,Faience,Amberand Weights Stone PLATE 136. Select jewellery. Gold pendents, beads and earrings; giltlead coil, (a ) T.38,39 (SPG II-IIIa), (b ) T.59,26 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.38,41 (SPG II-IIIa), (d) T. 74,32 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.80,57 (SPG II/IIIa), ( / ) T.59,28 (LPG/SPG), (g) T.43,1 (undated), ( h) T.71,17 (LPG), (i) T. 75,3 (undated), ( j ) T.63,18 and 24 (LPG), (k) T.80,59 (SPG II/IIIa). Scale 3:2 except (A) and (k) at 3:4 and (0 at near 1:1. (a) and (c) discussed BSA 77, 236-7. (e) inset of amber. (/ ) type discussed LK I, 220 with later examples, and plate 231a. (h) for comparable example in lead see PLATE 139m. (i) of gilt lead, a type discussed LKl, 220, and plate 230; other examples., TA5,31a-b, T.46,23-4, T.49,3-4, T.51,23-4, T.63,17 and T. 70,4-5. (i ) see PLATE 157/ for similar spiral bead from Skyros. 137.

Select jewellery. Gold finger-ring,bead and discs; gilt bracelet, (a) T.80,50 (SPG II/IIIa), (SPG Ilia), (c) T.47,15 (SPG II), (d-g) T.63,25-30 (LPG). Scales, (a-c) 1:1; (d-g) 3:2.

[b) T. 74,33

(a) a unique prodigy, (b) gilt bronze, (c) seemingly the gold foil covering of a bead, (d-g) see PLATE 131 for reconstructions in drawing, and PLATE 157 a-efor comparanda. 138.

Select jewellery. Gold 'attachments', (a) T.42,11 (LPG or SPG I), (b) T.54,29 (LPG), (c-d) T.39,24-5 (LPG), (e) T. 78,9 (SPG II), ( / ) and (g) T.42,15 and 14 (LPG or SPG I), (h) T.47,11 (SPG II), ( i ) T. 78,1 (SPG II), ( j ) T.48,18 (LPG). Scale 1:1. 'Attachments', a description used to indicate uncertainty about their usage. See BSA 77, 236 for latest discussion. Subsequent examples in Tombs 42,47,48 and 78, but not 54, confirm their occurrence with gold 'diadems': their placement, however, is generally central and not near the presumed position of the head, for which see the relèvent Tomb plans. PLATE 157g illustratesan example from Skyros.

139.

Select finds. Pins of gilt iron, iron, and bronze; bronze earring; beads of amber and lead; other objects of bronze and clay, (a) T.55,32 (LPG/SPG I), (b) T.80,60 (SPG II/IIIa), (c) T. 70,28 (LPG), (d ) T.49,5 (MPG-LPG), (e) T.60,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (g) area of T.61,2 (undated), ( / ) T.54,35 (LPG), (h) area of Pyre 19,3 (undated), (i-j ) T.79,B4 and A15 (SPG II), (k) T.45,33 (SPG I), (/ ) T.45,36 (SPG I), (m) T.47,21 (SPG II), (n) T.47,27 (SPG II). Scale 1:1.

See PLATE 130 for drawings, (a) and (c) gilt iron with crystal bead, (b) gilt iron with amber bead; see LK I, plate 231 £ for similar example, discussed p. 223 (d-f) see LK1, plate 242H for a previous example, discussed p. 246. Similar pins in the 'Heroon' burial, PLATES 158tìf and 159¿/; they and (d )

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PLATE

203

indicatethatthe typemay always have been fittedwitha bone head and threadedwithfaiencedisc beads, (i) bronze,ofuncertainshape and function,(j ) earringofbronze,a versionusuallyofgold, as PLATÇ 159A,a NE typeand probablyearlier.(*) oflead, witha parallelin gold,T.47,20 (PLATE 136g). (A;)oflead and presumablya pendent;withoutAegean parallel. (/) a roundedand perforatedsherdof clay,(m) oflead witha parallelin gold,T.47,20 (PLATE 136g).(n) beads of amber;previousexamples discussed LKI, 223, thoughunjustlydismissive.

140.

Select fibulaeof bronze, {a) T.44,8 (LPG), (i) T.55,31 (LPG/SPG I), (c) T.38,44 (SPG II-IIIa), [d) T.38,43 (SPG II-IIIa), [e) T.39,32 (LPG), ( / ) T.80,65 (SPG II/IIIa), {g) T.54,30 (LPG), (Ä) T.54,31 (LPG), (ι ) T.48,20 (LPG), ( ; ) T.74,36 (SPG Ilia), (jfc)Pyre27,1 (SPG Ilia). Scale 2:3 except [d ) at 1:2 and(/ ) at 1:1. Drawingsof some of theseand of otherfibulaeare givenon PLATE 129.

141. 142.

143.

(a), (c)9 {d-e) discussedin BSA 77, 237. ( / ) similarin size and shape to S.59,32, also SPG Ilia, (LK I plate 249,2). (g) the paddle-wheeladditionpreviouslyattestedby two examples PP.T.45,1-2 (SPG I-II) and T.36.23 (?SPG II), LK' plate241: see PLATE 159cfora similarfibulafromSkyros.(h-i) both composite,withbow of bronze and forearmof iron. ( j-k ) an SPG Ilia versionwithlarge square catchplate,discussedLKl, 242-3. Faience vases and plaque, (a) T.42,20 (LPG or SPG I), (b-c) and ( f-h ) T.39,42,39,43and 38 (LPG), (d-e) T.59,37-8 (LPG/SPG). Scale 2:3 except (d ) at 1:2. Select findsof faience,glass and stone,(a-c) fingerrings,(d) and (g) seals, (e) scarab, ( /) and (h) pendents,(i ) cylinderseal and ( ;-/ ) beads, (a) T.39,37 (LPG), (b) T.59,35 (LPG/SPG), (c) T.80,62 (SPG II/IIIa), (d) T.46,26 (LPG), (e) T.59,36 (LPG/SPG), (/) T.45,34 (SPG I), (g) T.38,55 (SPG II-IIIa), (Ä) T.52,6 (SPG I-II), (i) T.79,A19(SPG II), ( ; ) T.47,26,25,24(SPG II), (k ) T.42,22 (LPG or SPG I), (/)T.70,30 (LPG). Scale 3:2 except (h-k) at 1:1 and (e) at 2:1. (a) of faience and (g) of steatitediscussed BSA 77, 242-5. (c) of faience,one of an identicalpair, apparentlyfromthesame mould as seen in thejuxterposedimpressions,(e) offaience,itsseparatebezel lost,(h) of faience;a similarsingletonT.62A,4 (PLATE 67). (i) burntand discolouredbut probablyof haemetite,N. Syrian,datingto c. 1850-1750 (information kindlysuppliedby Dr. B. Teissier).(j-i) of 237. discussed BSA 22, k) ( glass. Selectbronzevases, (a ) T.42,17(LPG or SPG I), (b ) T.47,18(SPG II), [c) T.78,14(SPG II), (d ) T.74,35 (SPG Ilia), (e) T.39,31 (LPG), ( f-h ) T.70,17and 20 (LPG). Scale 2:3 except (c) at near 1:2. (a) discussed BSA 77, 239. (b) and (c) both apparentlywithoutknown parallels,also illustratedin (c) is shown insituat PLATE 363 and a comparable drawingat PLATE 132,(c) beinga reconstruction, is at PLATE 159/. in Phoenician (e-g) twolotus-budhandleswithrosetteterminals shape pottery given and littleelse preserved;typicalofa specificformofsquatjug, suchas T.39,31 (PLATE 132),and others, discussedLK I, 249-50 and BSA 77, 239. ( / ) a situlatypehandle such as on (a ) but the partof a possiblyassociatedrimis withoutringsand not turnedover.

144.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.55,28 (LPG/SPG I). D. of rimc. 28.0. Distortedand broken into several fragments;mendingholes below rim; base badly corroded.The singlecable friezearound the tondo has been repeated on the drawingat PLATE 133. As there,the broken sphinxat the top leftof (β) and bottomrightof (b) have been completedby photographic montageto illustratethewhole of the creature.

145.

EngravedNear Easternbronzebowl, T.70,18(LPG). D. of rim,15.0 cms. Badly corroded and restoredafterconservation.Fragments(d) and (e) have not survived,and (b) shows its originalcondition.They have been added to the photographicroll-outand the drawingat PLATE 134 in the positionswheretheyare likelyto have belonged, (c) top partof enthroned'deity' withflautistbehind. Publishedand discussedby M.R. Popham in OJA14 (1995), 103-7. Comparable at PLATE '5S(a) and (b). NE bowls are illustrated

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PLATE 146. Bronze cauldronand graters,(a-b) T.79,B1 (SPG II), (c) Pyre 14,18(SPG Ilia), (d ) T79B,2 (SPG II). Scales (¿z)2:5 and (