Josephus: Jewish antiquities, Books XII-XIV, Volume VII

THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB,

LL.D.

EDITED BY

fT. t E.

L. A.

CAPPS, POST,

E.

PAGE,

PH.D., LL.D.

M.A.

E. H.

C.H., LITT.D.

t

W. H. D. ROUSE,

WARMLNGTON,

JOSEPHUS VII

m.a.,

litt.d.

f.r.hist.soo.

F'

JOSEPH us ^^^TH

an English translation by

RALPH MARCUS,

Ph.D.

PROFESSOR OF HELLENISTIC CULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAQO

IN NINE VOLL^IES

JEWISH ANTIQUITIES, BOOKS XII-XIV

LONDON

WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD t

\MBRIOGE, M.^SSACHUSKTrS

IlAiUARD UNIVERSITY PRESS ilCilLVII

HA First printed 1043

Reprinted 19 j7

Printed in Great Britain

CONTENTS OF VOLUiME

VII

.....

Prefatory Note

PAOK vii

THE JEWISH antiquitiesBook XII

2

Book XIII

228

Book XIV

448

Appendix A.

Ax Anxient

Appendix

The Date

B.

Tari.e of Contents

of the High Priest

Simon the Just (the Righteous)

Appendix C.

{A?it. xii.

Appendix E.

.

.

.....

732

The Early Seleucid Rulers

AND the Jews

Appendix D.

704

Antiochus

III

737

and the Jews 743

129-153)

Selected Literature on the

Oniads and Tobiads and Palestine under Ptolemaic Rule

(.4nKd)s:^ Se 8 dVavra? et? AtyviTTOV dyaydjv. 7 ^x^i'V

BeaTTOTrjv."

TOWS'

aTTO

rix)v

'AyaOapx^^T^g

'\epoaoXvpnjjv

p-^v

irepi

re

Tr]v

rdJv

^e^aiordrovg vrrdpxovTag i^ ojv aTreKpivavTO ^AXe^dvhpco TTpeaPevaap-evo) irpog avrovs p.€Td to Kparrjaai Aapet'ou rfj p.dxr), TToXXovg avrdjv elg rd (f^poupia KaraXoxioag /cat TOt? Ma/ceSdatv eV 'AAe^avSpet'a bpKCJV

(f>vXaKriv

'

^

eV

rpoavvi]'i

r^? rod ^aaLXewg fxeyaXotjv Se tolovtov

hia<j)vXd^ai.

oaoL ran' avarpaTevaafievcuu re ^vptav

/cat

KaraorpeifidixevoL

ravra

/cat

ev rfj

a.7Trjp.Tr6XT]aav ,

^aatAeto. /cat

ep.fi

/cat tt^v 'louSaiai'

Aa^ovre?

acjofxara

oieKopLiaav els re rds TroXeis

Trarpl Tiqv

i^yLOJV rep

^olvlkt]v eTredpaj.ioi'

rjjJ-cov

ai)(p.dXcjjra

/cat ri^v p^oj/aav

rovs re rrpo aur(Zi' ovras e'i

riveg vvv

elar'j)(^drjaav,

rovrovs aTToXverajaav ol Trap' avrols ey^ovres, inrep eKaarov acoparog Xap^dvovres ^pa)(pds eKarov et/coCTt, OL pev arparicorai perd /cat rcov oi/jojvlcov, Se AotTTOt

OL

dvo

ri]<s

^aoLXLKrjg rpa7Tel,rjg

rd Xvrpa. vo/xt^O)^ yap aurovs rov narpos npoaLpeoLv /cat rrapd

29 ^OjLtevot rrjv

7jy^p.aXajrL(TdaL, r-qv re^ ^(^copav rtojTi/cryi'

au^aSetav

A'iyvTTrov 30

avrwv

avrdJv

Kop.L-

irapd

/cat

rd

Sto. rrjv

Seov

arpa-

Kat Std tt^v et?

/ce/ca/ccua^at,

p.eraycoyr]v noXXyju co^e'Aetav

e'/c

TOUTOU rot? orparLcoraLs yeyovevaL. rd St/catov GUI' OKOTTcoi' /cat Tou? /caraSeSuraaTeu/xeVoii? irapd rd rrpoaqKov eXedJv, aTToXveLV KeXevco rovs ev rat? OLKereiaLS ovrag louSat'oi;?, rd rrpoyeypappevov KopLt,opevovs vTTep auTOJV Ke(f)dXaiov rov? KeKrr)pevovs, Kal piqdeva Trepl rovrojv KaKovpyelv dXX vrraKoveLV rots' npoareraypevoLg ^ovXopaL Se rdg aTToypatfjds* d(f}' rjs e^errep(f>drjoav eirl rpels rjpepas Troteta^at 77^09 rods eV^ avriJov VTrdp^ovras TTapaheLKvvvras evdvs^ /cat rd acupara- rovro ydp TOLS ipavrov rrpdypLaaiv r]yovp.aL avp.(f)epeLV. rrpoa,

31

.

i

*

eyctu ^^'

ex Arist.

:

cyvojv in qiiibusdaiii

Hudson:

codd. teste Hudson.

Trpoyjoa^as codd.

:

dispoailiones Lat.

JEWISH ANTIQUITIES,

XII. 27-31

granted it and as evidence of the king's munificence thev " decided to preserve a copy of the decree, which " All the slaves whom those servinor was as follows in our father's army took captive after invading Syria and Phoenicia and subduing Judaea, and brought to our cities and our country and sold them, and those slaves who were formerly in my kingdom and any who have recently been imported all these their owners shall set free and receive a hundred and twenty drachmas ^ for each slave, the soldiers to get this redemption money together -with their wages, For I believe the others from the king's exchequer. that it was contrary to my father's intention and to what is right that they were made captives, and that their countrA* was ravaged through the army's lack of discipline, and also that from their removal to Egypt the soldiers have greatly benefited. Having regard, ;

:

Text of ij'e^re™^'^

AHsteas *

'

"

—

therefore, to justice

and feeling pity

for those

who

have been unworthily oppressed, I command their owners to set free those Jews who are in their service, for Avhom they are to receive the forementioned sum, and no one shall act dishonestly in this matter, but they shall obey these orders. And it is my will that they present their lists " of slaves before those who are in charge of the matter within three days after the publication of this edict, and that they produce their slaves promptly. For I regard this as being to the interest of my government. And any" Variants " he " and " I " Arist. has " I believe it will be useful to include {KaraKex(^piodai) a copy of the decree." " Cf. § 25 note c. * " Lists " is restored from Arist., the mss. of Josephus have " notices " (of sale). ;

*

P:

utt' rell,

*

ourois ed. pr.

17

,

JOSEPH us ayyeAAeTO) 8e touLXoao 'VlKaTcuos 6 'AfibrjpLTTjs, oudc Tiov /car' avTrjv TToXinvaaixevcov avhpa)v, ujg nyvrj^ ovarjg Kal fMrj heov avrrjv jSeeav ovv goi Soktj, P')]Xoi

YlroXeixaio'S 'EAea^apo* toj dp^^iepel )^aipeiv.

Xcbv iv

rfj

iiJ.fj

ttoX-

jSacrtAeta KarcpKLap.€VOJV ^lovhaicov,

ovg aL)(piaXojTLGd€VTag vtto YlepaaJv or €Kpdrovv 6 e/xo? TTarrjp eVt/xTjae, /cat tov9 /xei' €tV to arparicoTLKOV

Karera^ev

8e

yevop-ivoLS

TLGLV

rr]v

/cat^

povpLa

p.€it,ootv

e-nl

pLt-aOocjiopaLg,^

avro) ra tovtcdv ^uAa/crp Trapedero, tva

avv

AlyvTrroj

iv

AlyvTTTLOLg dxjiv (f)oj3€poL, rrjv dp)(r]v^ iyoj TTapaXa^ojv Trdai p.ev (jjtXavBpojTTCog €XP'f]crdp.7]v, fxdXiara Se Tots' aot? TroAtTat?, d>v virep Se'/ca /xev fivpLaSas al)(p.aXcora)v SovXevovrcov aTreXvoa, rols

46 TOt?

'

V

^Lodo(f>opiais reW. Arist. Kal xcopla Kal :\\W.. dpxrjv ow o.pxl

(6)

TTpos evrjv

[rjs ovv iTTiaToXrjs toG jSaacXeajg Ko^LaBei(jr]s Tov EAea^ayDov' dvTLypdff)€L rrpog auTrjv co? fxaXiara (j^tAort/xa*?" " dpyiepeug 'EAea^apo?

IlroAe/xaio* ^^ai'petv.

jSaCTtAet Ktti

TT^?

52 KaAcu?

jSacrtAicrcrrjs"

T^jutv e;!^et

fxeydXtos

avvadpoiaavT€'5 to

eppcoixevcov

Apaivorjg

Travra.

rja9rjij.ev

eVt

Kal

twv

gov re reKvcov

tt^v S' iTTLcrroXrjv Aa/3ovTe? rrj

aov,

TrpoatpeaeL

ttXtjOos dveyvojixev avrrjv

Kai

e/j-cfiavL-

Trpo!? roi' ^eov evae^ebav. e'p^eis' avrco Kol rds (f)idXag a? e7Te[xipag Xpvcrds e'cKoai Kal dpyvpds rpidKovra Kal Kparrjpas TreVre /cat rpdne^av els avdOeaiv, d re et? dvatav

i,ovr€'S

avro)

'

'ijv

53 eTTeSei^apLev S'

Kal els e7TiaK€urjv u)v dv Serjrai ro Upov rdXavra eKarov, direp eKOjxiaav 'AvSpeas Kal ApLaralos OL TLpLid)TaroL aov rwv ^iXcov, dvhpes ayadoL Kat TTaiheia Sta^epovre? Kat rfjs orjs dperrjs d^ioi. 54 i'cr^t 8' rjiJids to aol avp-cfyepov, Kav fj ri Trapd €povTL ^ap.€v^

Tw

GO) Xa^elv o

TTpoaipfj

ineXe-

Se Kal Trpea^vrepovg avSpa? e^ aTro

€KaUT7]S,

OVg

av^x-

cttI

TcAo?.

(f)vXfjs

TOV VOpLOV. euCTe^eta? kol hiKaioamnqs to

TT€7T6p<j>apeV

earai 8e T7y? arjs /xeraypa^eVra tov vojxov

^^(OVraS

els rifJids aTTOTTefxipaL pceT*

eppwao." 1 aura pkv o ap^i-epevg dvTeypaifjev. efiol 8' ovK dvayKOLOV eSo^ev eti^at to. 6v6p.aTa tojv e^SoprjKovTa Trpea^vTepcov, ol tov vofiov €k6[j.l1^ov VTTO 'EAea^apou Tre/x^^eWes", hrjXovv 7}v ydp TavTa ttjv fxevToi ye 58 VTToyeypapfxeva ev tjj ivLaToXfj. Twv dvadrjjjidTcov TroXvTeXeiav /cat KaTaaKevrjv tjv aTTeaTetXev 6 ^aaiXevs tw deep, ovk dvemT-qSeLOV -qyrjadpirjv hieXdeiv, ottojs diraaLv rj tov ^aaiXecos TTepl TOV deov (f}iXoTi(xia (f)av€pd yevqrai.- d(f)dovov da(f)aX€Lag tcov KopLit,6vTa>v.

57

(7)

ydp

TTjv els

vapwv ovhev

TavTa

SaTrdvrjv )(opr]yoJv 6 (SaaiXevs Kal

ael tois Tex^LTais Kal ra epya emfiXeTTCOv dp-eXaJs

ovhe padvpcvs eta yiyveadat tcov g dnoKpepiaaOal re ^oTpvg Kal GTdxvag '

-

PAW: formac Lat. Naber; sKKeKXinevov P; iyKeKXeicjfiei'ov

fvrvTTcoaecjos

ofievov " ''

34

FV

:

inclusa L,at.

'

Arist. 2 (as in Scripture). in Scripture and in Eusebius'

So

LAW:

SiaTUTrajCTtv

-^v

FV

xe/cAei-

Arist.

paraphrase of

Arist.;

JEWISH ANTIQUITIES,

XII. 64-68

half cubits in length, one in width and one and a half ns rims. in height, and made the whole foundation of the work ^ 57". "^

**

out of gold. Moreover they wrought a rim of a handbreadth and twisted wave-mouldings carved in low relief of a rope-design, of which the modelling was a marvellously faithful imitation, on all three surfaces. For these (rims) were triangular, and each angle had the same pattern worked in it, so that, when they were turned, the same form without any difference appeared on every surface. Now, on the rim, the side sloping down toward the table had lovely modelling, but the side turned outwards was adorned with even greater beauty of workmanship, since it came under the eye of the spectator. For that reason the upper edge, where the two surfaces met, was an acute angle, and no one angle, of which there were three, as we have said before, appeared less than the others when the table was carried round. And in the coils of the relief- work were set precious stones, one beside another, and they were secured with gold pins by which they were pierced. The side of the rim which slanted upward to meet the eye was ornamented with an egg-pattern made of most beautiful stone resembling in its carving the continuous flutings which ran all round the table. And below the eggmodelling the craftsmen set round a wreath on which were carved in relief the likenesses of all kinds of fruit, so that clusters of grapes hung down and ears '^

the dimension of width

is omitted in tlie mss. of Arist. itself, probably throiifrh an oversif^ht. " Conjectured mss. " turning out " ; Arist. has to y.kv eis avT-qv T-qv rpdnei^av dnoKXifjia. The nature of the rim is ;

])uz7,liiifr

;

Dr. 'i'h;u'kst sought after and desired for Next to the meander was their precious cpiality. carried round a nctw^ork of rope-design,^ with a f^*'?'?^-

"

The exact meaning of

Arist.)

is

doubtful

;

it

seems

(not found in be something like " were

diroKeKXeladai,

to

outlined distinctly." Less jirobahly (with Andrews) " with gold." ' Whether ends or sides are meant is far from clear. i.e. the top surface. ' This detail, peculiar to Josephus, pr()l)ahly rests, as Dr. Thackeray suggests, on a reading TrXeid^iov TToXve(.8a>v " ])leiads of various forms " in Arist. § (iti, where our mss. ''

•*

have f

Tn'Xidhow,

an unknown word.

Tlie " rope-design "

is

a detail added by Josephus.

37

JOSEPH us €iJLcf)€p€?,

ipi€vcx)V , €ls

i^ dvdpaKO'5 Xidov TraXaiarLaia TreTTOirjixevrj, uy^ripLa Kprjirlhos dTToreXovaa, to he TrXdros oktoj haKrvXoiV

Ka6' ov to irdv eXaofia rcjv TTohcov dveyXvipav he XeTTTOjxepeL /cat (fnXoTTOVo) ropeia tojv Trohdjv eKaorov, klugov aurot? Kat

e)(ovaa,

75 ep-qpeiaro. rfj

KX-qpLara

a/XTre'Acur

gvv

/cat

^orpvGtv eKcfjuGavres,

(hs et/caaat jxrjhkv dirohelv rrjs dXr)6eias'

TTpOS TO TTVeVpia hid XeTTTOTTjTa /cat TTjV

/cat

€77*

yap

d-Kpov^

CKraGiV Kivovpeva, (fiavraGiav rcbv Kara ixdXXov t) Te)(yrig piprjpdrojv Trapelx^v. 76 eKaLvovpyrjGav he a)Gre rpiTTrv)(ov olovel rd G)(rjpa Trjg dXrjg KaraGKevdGai TpaTre^T^?, ttj? app-ovias TTpds dXXrjXa tojv pepoJv ovtoj Gwhehep-einr^g, ibg avTibv (f)UGLv

aopaTov

elvai Kal p.rjh' eTrtvoetcr^at to.?

rjpiGu he 7n])(eojg ovk eXaoGov 77

avp^oXds

to vd^^^os Gvve^atvev elvai. to p-ev ovv dvddr^pa tovto Kara TToXXriv Tov ^aGiXeojs (jiLXoTipiav tolovto tt^ re TroXvTeXeta Trjg uArj?

rfj rpaTreil,r)

/cat Trj ttolkiXlo. ttjs

KaXXovrjg

Kal rfj pLpijGei rfj Kara rrjv ropeiav tojv T€)(vird)V ovvereXeGdrj , GTTovhdGavrog el Kal prj rw peyeOei ^

"

PAW:

eKTervncDTo inipositi Lat. * eV anpov] enavw FLV.

Lit. "parallel

no such phrase 38

is

proximity (or " resemblance "j of form";

found

in Arist.

JEWISH ANTIQUITIES,

XII. 72-77

central panel shaped like a lozenge, into which were pressed stones of crystal and amber, and these by their appearance of regular alternation " afforded a wonderfully attractiye sight to behold. As for the feet, they had capitals made to imitate unfolding lilies, with their petals bent back under the table, while within they held their stamens erect to be seen. And they had a base made of ruby a handbreadth high, which presented the appearance of a pedestal * it was eight fingers ^^-ide, and on it the whole shaft of the foot rested. They also caryed each of the feet in relief with most delicate and painstaking modelling, creating iyy and yine-branches and clusters of grapes, so that one would suppose thev were not other than real. For, as they moyed in the wind because of their lightness and fine-edged tenuousness, they gave the appearance of natural things rather than of artificial imitations. The workmen also showed originality in constructing the whole table in the form of a triptych, the parts being so smoothly held together that the places where they were joined could not be seen or eyen suspected. And the thickness of the table was no less than half a cubit. And so this dedicatory-offering was finished, such being the preciousness of its material and the yariety of ornament and the imitatiye skill of the craftsmen in modelling, in accordance with the great munificence of the king, for he was eager to produce a tal)le which, if it was not to be greater in size than ;

'^

**

* KptfiTis (also found in Arist.) usually means " base " or " step " of a building, altar, etc. " plate " " expanse," ' Lit. Andrews Meecham " weitrht." ' For axrjtJ-a " form " Arist. has aro^ia " top " or " front " (lit. " mouth "). ;

39

JOSEPH us 7TpoaraK€iixevqg

TTJ^

dew

toj

rpaTre^rj';

e/teAAfV

eaeaOai hid(f)opos, rfj jueWoi ye Te^(inj Kal rf\ Kaivovpyia /cat rfj Xap.irpoTiqTL Trjg KaraaKeurj^ TToXu Kpeirrova i