Inorganic Chemistry in Tables
Nataliya Turova
Inorganic Chemistry in Tables
Dr. Nataliya Turova Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University Moskva Russia
[email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-20486-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-20487-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011932247 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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0 ) (P O 2 60 H2 (ë , < O O H 2 ëH 2 ); ( vis O 2 ; ( h nO 4 M ;K
1.64 112 84
2p ;: ;: 3p ;: ;: 4p ;: ;: 5p ;: ;: 6p ;: ;:
H2
0.92 83 19.5
nO
degree of diss. 0.1 N s.,% n H2O, n
HI
M
d m.p. b.p. degree of diss. by 1000 H H ì Hal (gas) " (liq) sol. in H2O
HBr
2s ;: 3s Chlorin Cl0 ;: 4s Bromin Br0 ;: 5s Iodine I0 ;: 6s Astatine At0 ;:
Fluorine F0
OF2 gas, colrl., toxic, with smell of O3 m.p. 224 b.p. 145 dec. 200 DH +24 sol. in H2O 6.5 %
[NR4][HI2]
CaI2 783 Mg I2 633, (dec.) Sn I2 320 SnI4
145, (subl.) (AlI3)2 191 PI3 61 AgI#, yel., 560 CuI#, wh., 605 PbI2#, yel., 412
Cl2
Br2
gas, liq., red yel.-grn. with a sharp smell
I2
At
cr., blk.
met., volat.I+ 3 +I3
sol. in H2O, ( ! O2+ HF)
0.68
3.5
0.03 mass. %
4.94 g/cm3 113.7 183
sol. in RH, R¤, CS2, CCl4 In str. ë Hal2 mol.; CN Hal = 1 (= 8 ë 7)
Hal ë Hal 1.42 (gas)
1.99
2.28
HOCl hypochlorous
M
Kac.=10 8 angular mol., v. strong Ox
10
9
HOI -iodous ac. 10 5M ì unstab. 10 11 Kbas=10
10
O
H
(
H
C
t);
Cl2 5.75 H2O Br2 72/3 H2O (8 : 46) (6 : 46) m.p. 9.6 5 with dec. Clathrates in the ice str.
conc. in saturated 10 3 s. of Hal2 10 2 30% max. conc. 20%, v. strong Ox., distil. in vac. 30
ì 337 302
2.67
el nm F (i H ) . n F in s Cl ( x. K o M . an
HOBr -bromous
l)
MOH
H2CO3 (K1 = 10 7)
MOHal, hypohalites, v. strong Ox.
Hal2 str.
NaOCl, exp. 70 , KOCl, m.p. 2,5 Ca(OCl)2, 3 H2O, (m.p. 86) 1/3 Ca(OH)2 x H2O, "lime chloride" t ( ! O2 + CaCl2)
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_3, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
MOI, NaOBr n H2O, known only n=5, 7 in s. KOBr 3 H2O light yel. t ! MBr + MBrO3 (other salts are not known)
4+
3+
Hal2
O3 n, (freo
Br2O3, sld., yel.
50 )
t
hn(UV) (ëCl2); O3
2
1.9
139
1.8
H2O
100
(HIO3)n iodic ac., cr., colrl., d 4:63, m.p. 110 with dec., K 10 1 , in s. n 2 3,
H 2O
! ClO2+Cl2O7
97
1
1.7
56)
Hal O H Located el. pair
Cl2O7, oil, colrl., m.p. 90, b.p. 87, exp. 120, d 1:86, (stab. >ClO3, ClO2), DH 275, sol. in ³³l4, m 0:72, 52) middle Ox.
VII
I2O6 = [IO2][IO4] cr., light yel. dec. >100 + H2O ! ! HIO3 + H5IO6
H I3O8; M I3O8 HClO3 HBrO3 chloric bromic ex. only in s. max. conc. 40% 50% 40 exp. strong ac. v. strong Ox
HClO2, chlorous ac., rapidly dec. in dil. s. (! HCl + HClO3+ClO2) K 10 2 , v. strong Ox
20
H2O (240 )
H2O (hn-vis.)
t( O2)
exp., ! ClO2 + O2, in liq. and s. in CCl4 ë dimer, in str. ë [ClO2]+[ClO4]ë Cl ì O 1.41 ë 1.47 V
118
[IO]+Xë, 6) X=HSO4, NO3, BF4, "salts of iodyl", yel., paramagn. (p2 ) 6)
ClO3, liq., red, 39, 51) smoky, m.p. 3.5, b.p. 203, DH 156,
45) Br2O5 I2O5 cr., colrl., dec. hn(vis) ! darken, 180 ! I2 + O2 DH 184
47
7+
ä6+ã
0 1.4
Br2O4 2) ClO2 53) gas, yel.-brn. cr., d=1.64, light.-yel., m.p. ë59, 40 (dec.) liq., red, DH = +104 I2O4= exp., III dimer in ³³l4 & [I O]+[IVO3] cr., yel. str., m=0.78, 130 ! I2 + I2O5 readily sol. in H2O, 6, 37) paramagn. (IO2)n, cr. 1.
5+
115
H2O 1) (P2O5; oleum)
H2O (slow)
H2O (exp.) HClO4 perchloric liq., colrl., d 1:77, m.p. 101, b.p. 16/18 mm, 3HClO4 > Cl2O7 + + H3O[ClO4]
HN
1 1.90 1.8
O3
55)
HIO4 n H2O
perbromic v. strong Ox, max. conc. 83%, stab. HClO4
100% (exp.), m.p. 50,
K 38, Ox in conc. s. or when heated, azeotrop ë 72%HClO4; oil, b.p. 111/20, n H2O, n 1ë3, 5 52)
I2
98
HBrO4 2 H2O
1.63 1 1.4
106
112
56)
periodic ac., cr., colrl. HIO4, " 100 H4I2O9, H7I3O14 " 80 H5IO6, m.p. 122 with dec., K1 10 2 ; K2 10 8 ; K3 10 15 , mol. ì trig. antiprism
H2SO4
38)
Chlorites NaClO2, 3 H2O Ca(ClO2)2 4 H2O Ba(ClO2)2 AgClO2#, Pb(ClO2)2#, yel., not oxidants; t
! MCl+MClO3, exp., angular [:ClO . . 2] anions
H2SO4 (ëBaSO4 #)
MHalO3,
47)
Bromites LiBrO2, H2O Ba(BrO2)2, t ( O2) wh. powders, t ! MBrn+O2, +H2O!MBrn+ +M(BrO3)n , anion c-tetrah. OH
M
Hal2
(t,
M2IO4 57) MI3O8; 23) paramagn. (s1 )
Chlorates m.p. NaClO3 262 (dec.) KClO3 368, dec. 400 "Berthollet's salt" Ca(ClO3)2, 2 H2O Ba(ClO3)2 414, H2O poison
l) Ha
M
Hal ì O 1.45 ë 1.50 OHalO 106
Bromates m.p. NaBrO3 381 KBrO3 343 with dec. AgBrO3 dec. Ba(BrO3)2 260 with dec., H2O Ox ë only in melt [ :Hal°3 ] ë c-tetrah. (sp3 ) 1.78 112
t
t ( O2) Iodates NaIO3 (in "saltpetre") KIO3 (str. anal. of MNO3) MIO3 n HIO3 (KHI2O6, NaH2I3O9) AgIO3#, wh. Ba(IO3)2 ! Ba5(IO6)2+ + I2 + O2
1.78 ë 1.82 97 or dist oct.
an. Ox; F2
M2On m Hal2O7 4)
perchlorates m.p. LiClO4 247 NaClO4 482 (dec.) KClO4 610 (dec.) Ba(ClO4)2 505 AgClO4, dec. 486 strong Ox only in melt
perbromates
43)
periodates
5)
MBrO4, M = Li ë Cs, sol. Li>Cs, stab. Li I++ICl2ë 2.32, str.: zigzag chains; Cland I-agents in org. synthesis
+
ë
+
Cl
[Ph4P]Br MI
Br2
H [IBr2], K 10 3 M [IBr2], M = K (m.p. 58, dec. 180); Cs (m.p. 243, dec. 320); [Ph4P], cr., red., linear anion10)
[R
] [N 4P
11)
Cl 2.7
0
94
I
Cl
IBr > I2+Br2, dis. 8% (20 ), cr., red, m.p. 42, b.p. 119 (dec.), DH 10; m 1:21, I ì Br 2.52; 2 IBr Dipy, 33)
ë
[ClF2] X , [BrF2] X , [BrCl2]+X ë, [ClBr2]+X ë, [IF2]+X ë, X = AuF4, PF6, BF4, AsF6, SbF6, BiF6, PtF6, Stab.: Sb>As>P, c-tetrah cations. (sp3 )
84
Cl
H [ICl2], K 10 3 Cs [BrCl2], M [ICl2], M=K (dec. 215), cr., yel., Rb, Cs (m.p. 238, dec. 290) m.p. 205, [²Ö¯], [PCl4], cr., orange dec. 150 .. anions [:HalCl 2] linear (c-trig. bipyr.) .. (sp3 d), I ì Cl 2.55 9)
7, 36)
255 1.19
2 HalF3(liq.) > HalF2+ + HalF4 ´-shaped mol. (c-trig. bipyr.) + E2°n ! EFn + Hal2 + O2 (method for determination of °); + Ir, Os, SiO2 inêam.
)
BrCl (> Br2 + Cl2) dis. 40% (20 ), gas, yel. m.p. 54 b.p. 5 with dec. DHdis. = +15 m 0:57
[Cl3]+X ë [Brn]+X ë, n = 2, 3, 5; red [In]+X ë, n = 2 ë 5, bl. [I2Cl]+X ë, blue or red [Br2Cl]+X ë, [I3Cl2]+X ë, X = AlCl4, HSO4, SO3F, Sb2F11, SbF6, Sb3F16, IF6 + I3+, I2+ 4 , Br2 , polycations, [I3]+ì angular [I4]2+ì rectangular
IF3 cr., yel. ë dec. 28 ( ! I2 + IF5) 496
BrF3 liq., colrl. 9 127
DH 163 m 0.55 in gas ì (ClF3)2
M[ClF2], M[BrF2], M[IF2], M = K ë Cs, dec. 230, linear anions 64)
Cl ì I 1.58, Br ì I 1.73, 1.70 1.81
8
IF, cr., red ì ì 89 ì
! Br2 + BrF3
F2
SbF 5 +C lF; AsF BrF 5; S 5 ; IF 2O 6F ; 5; 2 P F5 ;
Hal2
Br ì Br 2.4 ë 2.9; I ì I 2.9 ë 3.1 Cs[I(IBr)] is used to purify Cs (salts of K and Rb do not ex.). Stab. of ®HalHal0n increases and sol. in H2O decreases in [Li ë Cs ë R4N] series; CCl4, Et2O, bz. accelerate the dec. ®HalHal0n !®Hal0 +HalHal0 (extr. with Et2O). [I9] ë
20
ClF3 gas, colrl. m.p. 76 b.p. 12
+ H2O ! Hal2 + O2 + HF
KI3 H2O, cr., brn., m.p. 38, dec. 225 CsI3, m.p. 207 KI5 2 C6H6 RbI7 4 C6H6 CsBr5, cr., red RbI9 4 C6H6 Cs2I8, cr., vlt. [Et4N] [I(I2)n], n 2; 3; 4 4ë [H(theobromine)]+ 4 [I16] , anion ë ë (I3 ì I2 ì I3ë)2 [Hal3] ë, linear (c-trig. bipyr.)
[Me4N]Cl3 RbBr3, dec. 140 CsBr3, m.p. 180
ë
BrF, liq., red 33 20 42 1.29
3+
M[ClF4], M[BrF4], M[IF4], M = K ë Cs, [NO], cr., colrl., squares anions (c-oct., sp3 d 2 ) 3) RbBr2F7
Cl ICl3, cr., yel., m.p. 101 (p), subl., I 2.39 b.p. 64 (dec.) ( ! ICl + Cl2,), Cl DH= 88, mol.: planar dimer
[ICl2]+Xë, cr., red, cation: c-tetrah. [IBr2]+X ë, X = Sb2F11, SbCl6, AlCl4 8, 12) Cl 2
] IN3 bBr 6
I2
+ Cl 5
Sb
HalFn ë v. strong F-agents and Ox., used for the synthesys of comp. with the highest degrees of Ox; hyg., diamagn.; react. decreases in the ClF3>BrF5>IF7>ClF>BrF3>IF5>BrF series. Act. of HalFn decreases with increasing n; at the same n falls in Cl>Br>I series.
H2O
ClOF3 BrOF3 liq., colrl., liq., colrl., m.p. 42, stab. at 20 53) b.p. 29, dec. 200 35) mol.
IOF3 18) cr., colrl., DH 552, > IF5+I2O5
IF5
F)
ClO2F3, gas, colrl., m.p. 81, b.p. 105 ! ClO2F + F2, mol. ë trig. bipyr. 2 at. ° ë eq. (ClO2F3)n 23, 24, 35) [NO][OF]
I2O5
c-trig. bipyr.
H l
CsIO4
Hal2
F2
200 [HalF4]+X ë Hal = Cl ë I 19, 20, 42)
colrl., volat., cations ë c-trig. bipyr.
200
PtF6 (20 ); [Kr2F3]+X ; [O2]AuF6
20 (inê.)
M[BrF6] M[IF6], M=KëCs
IOF4(OF), cr., colrl., m.p. 33, mol. ë oct.
F2 (270 )
cr., colrl., anion ë c-sevenapex (sp3 d 3 ) 21)
6
35)
H2O
[R4N][IOF6], anion ë pentag. bipyr. 54)
IF7, gas, colrl., with a musty smack, m.p. 6 (p), dec. 530, DH 961, mol. pentag. bipyr. (sp3 d 3 ), I ì F 1.86 (equ.), 1.79(ax.), FIF 72; inê. bz., +MNO3 ! MF+FNO2+ +IF5+O2 16, 26) F
Cl2
al
KI+HCl
KClO3; KIO3
BrF5 liq., colrl. 61 41 400 460 1.51
H[IO2F4], cr., colrl., m.p. 36; 130 ! O2, v. strong. ac. (HClO4); +H2O ! HF + H5IO6 M[IO2F4], M = Cs, [Xe2F3] 34)
IOF5, liq., colrl., m.p. 15, mol. ë oct. 50)
bF
K
IF5 31) liq., colrl. 9.4 104 400 883 gas 2.18 liq. 3.67 e ì 8 37.2 2 HalF5(liq.) > [HalF4]+ + [HalF6] in gas ë mol. tetr. pyram. (c-oct. )
HH
ClF5 49) gas, colrl. m.p. 93 b.p. 13 dec. ì DH 238 m ì
(NH
4 )S
M[ClOF4], M[BrOF4], M[IOF4], M = K ë Cs, anions ë c-oct. 16)
CsIO4
BrF5
C
H[ICl4] 4 H2O, cr., orange, K[ICl4], needles, yel., m.p. 116 (dec.), anion ë square 13) (c-oct.),
IO2F3, needles, yel., m.p. 42.5, b.p. 147, v. strong. Ox., in str. ë chain of tetr. bipyr. [IOF3O2/2] 15, 25, 34)
[ClO2F2]+X ë, X = BF4, AsF6, PtF6, cation ë tetrah., stab. >ClO2F3 24) [IO2F2][SbF6], m.p. 102 34,35)
HF (ëMHF2) [ClOF2]+Xë [BrOF2]+Xë, 16) X = BF4, AsF6, NiF6/2, PtF6, cations ì c-tetrah. [:ClF2O]+
22,
5
MHalO4
Cs[ClO2F2] K[BrO2F2], M[IO2F2] 14, 41) cr., colrl., +H2O>MIO3+2HF 14, 40, 41) anions c-trig. bipyr.
F
[ClO2] X , [BrO2] X , [IO2] X X = AsF6, SbF6, Sb2F11, SO3F, PtF6 cation ë angular polymer (c-triangle)
ë 58)
5
+
EF
ë 44)
XeF 2
Cl2O; IF5
+
Br
F5
Br
(H
51)
F
ë 32)
located el. pair
mol. tetrah. KIO3
5
+
F O
IO3F, BrO3F, 22) cr., colrl., cr., colrl., volat., DH 138, dec. 90 act. > ClO3F,
F5
F2
ClO2
H
Halogenylêuorides ClO2F BrO2F IO2F gas, colrl. liq., colrl. cr., colrl. 9 m.p. 115 ì ì b.p. 6 ì polymer in liq. and str. ë mol. chain17, 29, c-tetrah [:Hal°2F] EF
F2
KClO3, HHalO4
39, 60)
ClO3F, 35) "perchlorylêuorid", gas., colrl., m.p. 148, b.p. 47, dec. 400, DH 21, m 0:02, chem. passiv.
Sb
BrF5
Hal
7+
5+
[ClF6]+X ë, 27, 28, 59) [BrF6]+X ë, [IF6]+X ë, 48) X = AsF6, SbF6, AuF6, PtF6 cr., yel. cr., wh. + O2 ! [O2]+ + . . . ; + Xe ! XeF+ cations ë oct.
KrF2 (20 )
26)
I2
Cs
NO
3
M[IF8], M=Cs, [NO], [NO2]; 35) +H2O ! O2
9
HALOGEN AND ASTATINE IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 1ë
0
(HF)n, ac. medium strength
:; OH
H+
HCl, strong ac., weak Red.
:; OH
H+
Cl ë
H+
MnO4 ; Cr2O27
H2O Cl2, v. strong Ox.
Cl 2
l HC
H+
:; OH
H+
ClO ë, v. strong Ox., stab. at 20
:; OH
7+
[ :HalO3 ] ë, trig. pyram. (c-tetrah.)
[ HalO4 ] ë, tetrah.
H2O
H+
Br2, strong Ox.
H+ MnOë4
[ClO2]ë, no Ox.
[ClO3] , v. weak Ox. (no react. with I ),
H+
:; OH ë
[BrO] , stab. 0
2
:; OH
H+
an. Ox.
[BrO3] , weak Ox.
20
[ClO4] , at 20 weak Ox.
HBrO4, v. strong Ox., slow react. H+ ë
an. Ox.; XeF2; F2(OH )
HI, strong ac., v. strong Red. +
H
:; OH
ë
I , strong Red.
HAt H+ ë
:; OH
At , coprec. with AgI, TlI
10
O2; Fe(III) ; H2SO 4 H2S S ; 2
NO2 ;
2 SO3
H2O I2, weak Ox.
11
; Fe
;I (HIO3)n, n 2 K 10 1 , Ox.
10
+
H
HClO;
Hal2
4
) 6] (OH
[Sn O2
S2O28
3,
Cl2; S2O28 (OH )
(t)
0.1 N HNO3 (100 )
[At(H2O)n]+ Hal
;: OH
[AtHal2] Fe2+
ë
HClO4 (100 , S2O28 )
2
[H4IO6] ë, K2 10
8
At , prec. H2S at pH 5 7 H+
:; OH
AtO2ë
;:
Hal OH [AtOHal2] ë 46)
:; OH
H+
:; OH
H+
:; OH
H+
:; OH
15
pH 7
[HIO6]4 ë (pH 11) [IO6]5 ë > [H2I2O10]4 ë orthodiperioate oct. ions., strong Ox. (+ Mn2+ ! MnO4 )
3+
K1 10
H+
H2O 2ë [IO4], > [H3IO6] , K3 10 + H :; OH meta[H2IO6]3 ë
:; OH
[IO3] ë, weak Ox.
At;
:; OH
H5IO6 ,
2+
Cl 2
[H"]; SO2
[BrO4] , stab. < ClO4 , IO4 , weak Ox., react. with SO23 , AsO33
H+
HOI, Kac 10 , Kbas. 10 , strong Ox., least stab. among HOHal
ed. Zn; cath. (!) R
:; OH
ë
[I(OH)6]+ (pH 0)
HNO3; H2O2; Cl2 ( HCl) SO23
:; OH
ë
HBrO3, strong ac., strong Ox.
:; OH
ë
( HCl)
HClO4, strongest ac., K 38, at 20 weak Ox. (no react with [H"])
HClO3, strong ac., strong Ox.
ë
HOBr, K 10 9 , v. strong Ox., unstab.
SO 3 S ; 2
Brë
HClO2, K 10 2 , v. strong Ox., unstab.
HOCl, K 10 8 , v. strong Ox.; hn-vis ! [O] + HCl
(OH , 50 )
H2SO4; Cr2O27
:; OH
5+
.. [ :HalO2 ] ë ë angular ions (c-tetrah.)
F2, v. strong Ox.
an. Ox.
HBr, strong ac., Red medium strength
3+
[O])
H 2O(
Fë
1+
[AtO3] ë, coprec. with AgIO3#
IO4 (pH 7, 100 )
[AtO4] ë, coprec. with MIO4# (?) 46)
MANGANESE, TECHNETIUM AND RHENIUM IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 2+
c
H
+
[Mn3O(HCOO)9] 2ë, red, paramagn. [Mn(C2O4)3]3ë, 16) red
:; OH
[MnF6]3 , red ion, v. stab. Fe 2+; H O 2 2; (C H)2; HNO MnO4 ; HO 2 ; O2(H +)
SP = 1013
O2 egia aq. r 3; O N H
OH
+
+
En
OH O 2;
ca
;N
t.
i; P
b;
(
[MnO4]3 ë,bl , tetrah. (d 3 s), paramagn. (d 2 ), ( O2 III ) v. unstab. Mn 2+
Mn
MnO2 x H2O#, brn., + H+ ! Mn2+ + O2
Sn
(H + );
[MnO4] ë, vlt., tetrah. (d 3 s), diamagn., (d 0 ), stab. by pH4 7; v. strong Ox. by pH 11 12
OH ( O2); Red. (deécit, pH >> 7
Sn2+; [H "]; cat. Red. (pH47)
2ë
[TcO4] ë, colrl., tetrah., weak Ox.
[TcCl6 ] , yel. R
ed
HCl
.(
bu
er
PO
12Ð. HC l+I
:; H O 2
[TcOCl4] ë
12 Ð. HCl; I
Tc(OH)4#, dark
3 4 ë
Et
Cl2; S2O28
[MnO4]2 ë, grn., tetrah. (d 3 s), paramagn. (d 1 ) ion, ex. by pH>7; + H2O! MnO2 xH2O+MnO4
MnO2)
HNO3; Ce4+ (pH47); H2O2 (pH>7)
[Tc2Cl8]3ë Cu
+ BiOë3; S2O2ë 8 (Ag ); PbO2; H3PO5
) ( CO 2
2.5+
Tc
[TÔH9]2ë, colrl. ex. by pH>11
2 C 2O 4
Fe2+ (t); H2SO4 ( O2) (pH100
MnO2
[Mn(CO)5]2, cr., gold-yel., m. p. 154 (p), subl. 50/10 2 , sol. in org. solv., 1.79 CO dist. with steam, Mn Mn 2.92 mol. ë cluster, m 0:98 17) Mn4(CO)16 MnTc(CO)14 OC
C
O OC
H2 O
Na
m. p.
22)
b. p.
DH
930 1640 MnF2, 650 1231 MnCl2, 698 MnBr2, 638 MnI2, MnHal2 ë cr., pink In gas ë linear mol., MnF2 ë rutile MnBr2, MnI2 ë CdI2 str. type
struct.;
CN
H2O (t, t)
15
, sol. in HCl;
MnS, cr., grn., m. p. 1615, DH 205, NaCl str. type, "manganesian blende" (alabandite). 2)
+
NH
3
"t H2SO4 4 H2O, red Cs2SO4 24 H2O, 26) alum, red MnPO4 H2O; MnHP2O7
Manganates (III) 15) Ca3[Mn(OH)6]2 Na5[MnO4]; Na4Mn2O5; MMnO2, red, anions ë tetrah. or oct. Mn ì O 1.86 ë 1.95
22)
H2SO4 (conc.,
O2)
13)
[Mn3O(OAc)7(H2O)6] 6) [Mn3O2(OAc)5(AcOH)1.5] Mn2(C2O4)3 2 H2O
5)
M3[Mn(C2O4)3] 3 H2O red 16)
F2 (250 ); XeF2 600
MnF3, red, DH 996, in str. ë layers of oct.; 2 H2O; + H2O ! MnO2 + + Mn2++ HF MnCl3, cr., brn., dec. 40, sol in abs. alc., 28) Dipy, red
MMnF4, H2O M2MnF5, H2O M3MnF6, M = K ë Cs, MII/2, red, v. stab., anions ë oct. NaMn3F10 M2[MnCl5], red M3MnCl6 Rb[MnCl4 (H2O)2] 28)
K4[Mn(CN)6] 3 H2O, bl., anion ë oct., (d 2 sp3 , 1 unpair el.), only low-spin compl. Mn(II) 25) M4[Mn(NCS)6] Ba2MnS3, chain of oct.
300 MnS2, blk., "mangankiese" MnSe, MnSe2, MnTe2, FeS2 str. type
O2 H2
Mn2(SO4)3, powd., grn., amorph., dec. 300
KMnF3, M2MnF4, grn., anion ë tetrah. (sp3 ) NaMnCl3; M2MnCl4 Rb3Mn2Cl7; Na2Mn3Cl8 K4MnCl6; MMn4Cl9 4) anions ë oct. Cs3MnBr5; Rb2MnBr4 9)
Mn(CN)2# Mn(NCS)2, cr., yel., 4 H2O, grn.
#
K2[Mn(C2O4)2] 2 H2O
4 2, 4 4 4
MnS x H2O#, amorph., êesh-colored, SP = 10 + O2 ! MnO2 n H2O + S (slow.)
MnSO4
KMnO4
nH2O
847 481 377 306
.)
2)
19) MI[Mn(ClO4)3] [NO2][Mn(ClO4)3] [Ph4As]2[Mn(NO3)4] 13) [NO][Mn(NO3)3], yel. NaMnPO4, Cs2Mn(PO3)4; Ba2[Mn(AsO4)2]
250 , vac.
100 MnO(OH) Mn2O3 x H2O#, brn. "manganite", "groutit"
H( con c
(N
Mn2O3, brn., DH 959, cub. str., oct. [MnO6]
940 ; H2 (230 )
MO
24) Manganates (II) Na4[Mn(OH)6], Na2Mn(OH)4, red M2Mn2O3; BaMnO2 Mn ì O 2.08 ë 2.11
NH4MnPO4 H2O# ! Mn2P2O7, m. p. 1196 MnHPO3 3.6H2O; Mn(H2PO3)2; Cs2Mn(PO3)4
O
MnO2 + Fe2O3
2 SO 4(
C
2 O)
H
C(
. (H
2)
# 1143
O)
O4
in air (OH ) (immed.)
>60
Mn(ClO4)2, 2 H2O, 6 H2O 23) MnSO4, colrl., m. p. 700, dec. 650, 21) n H2O, n 7, 6 1 , pink MnSO3 n H2O, n = 1, 3; MnS2O6 6 H2O, Mn(NO3)2, 6 H2O, (m.p. 26), 3 H2O Mn3(PO4)2 n H2O, n = 4, 7; MnHPO4 3 H2O, Mn(H2PO4)2 2 H2O, 12)
O2 (>500 )
II Mn3O4 = MnIII 2 [Mn O4], blk.-brn., m.p. 1705, DH 1385, "hausmannite"
H2(>1200 )
Mn(OH)2#, wh., stoich. copmos., Kbas. 2 = 10 4 , Kac. 1 = 10 19 , SP = 10 13 , sol. in presence of NH+ 4 ; CdI2 str. type, Mn ì O 2.22, "pyrochroite"
g-, cub. (dist. cl. pack), d 6:37, a 3:86
3+(d 4)
Mn4N; Mn2N; Mn3N2; Mn7C3,18) Mn3C, m. p. 1520, MnSi; Mn2P; MnP
12 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
M3[Mn(CN)6], brn., 6 H2O, red oct. anion, paramagn. (d 2 sp3 , 2 unpair el.), isostr. to M3[Fe(CN)6] 10), only low-spin compl. Mn(III) K3[Mn(CN)5(H2O)] KCN 6)
5 + (d 2)
6 + (d 1)
.) xp (e
530
MnO2 ë x, blk.- grey, D¯ = 519, strong Ox., sol. in ac., b-, "pyrolusite", rutile str. type
t(
O
+
2
NO
Mn(NO3)2
Na
NO
3;
KC
lO
3
+
H2O
Na
2C
M2On(t)
O
3
(m
elt
. in
HMnO4, permanganic ac., cr., vlt., dec. 3; 2 H2O, dec. 20 in s. (Mn2O7 11) in str. ë mol. Mn2O7 and H2O
O2
(slow)
MMnIO6, red, stab., in str. oct. [MnO6] and [IO6], Mn ì O 1.87 M2[Mn(IO3)6], M = K, H 14) ( 2 H2O#)
7 + (d 0)
1)
N
a2
SO
3
2)
Manganates (VI) 8) M2MnO4, M = Na ( 10 H2O, m. p. 17), MnO2) K (dec. >500), Ba/2#, blk., paramagn., anion ë tetrah. (d 3 s), Mn O 1.66 1.71 +H2O ! MnO2#+MnO4 (slow.) +
N
aO
H
(0 )
> 20%
! MnO2 + O2"
20% oleum
4 + (d 3)
Manganates (VII) Permanganates H2SO4 (conc.) cr., vlt., s. in H2O Li 4 Cs LiMnO4 3 H2O, dec. 190 NaMnO4 H2O, dec. 170 [F]; KrF2; IF5 KMnO4, dec. 250 CsMnO4 #, dec. 320 Ca(MnO4)2 5 H2O Ba(MnO4)2#; AgMnO4#, anion ë tetrah., (d3s), Mn O 1.63, diamagn., stab. by pH 4 7, t; OH ( O2) v. strong Ox. by pH 11 Cl2 (an. Ox.; S2O82 (Ag+) t ! M2MnO4 + M3MnO4 + + MnO2 + O2
"Manganyl" salts [MnO3]HSO4 MnO3F, liq., yel.-grn., m. p. 38, dec. 0, v. strong Ox.; m = 1.5; mol. ë tetrah., Mn O 1.59; Mn F 1.72 MnO3Cl, gas., vlt. 3) exp., b. p. 30
H2SO4(conc.) + MnSO4 F3 Br
[MnCl4], ex. in s. Et2O
rF
Mn
;K F5
)
SO2 + HSO3Cl
t2 O (E Cl
KMnF5, red K[MnF5(H2O)], pink K2[MnF6], yel.; M[Mn2F9], M = [O2], XeF, K2MnCl6, red, anions oct.
H
MnF4, cr., bl., volat.; DH = 1080; meff. = 3.87, in str. ë ribbons oct., +H2O ! O2 (exp.)
32)
MnOCl3, liq. yel., dec. 0 3) MnF5 SbF5
30)
Mn
2
MnO2Cl2, liq. 3) brn.
27)
) F 2(p Sb+
Br
NOCl
K2[Mn(CN)6], yel., meff. = 3.94, dec. hn (vis.) K4[Mn(CN)8], red
7)
13
;
1.5
MRe(PF3)5 H5Re(PR3)3, mol. ë dodecah.
Synthesis of Tc: 92 2 + 42 Mo (1 D , 2n)
16)
)
ReCl5
0 (d )
M3[Tc2Cl8], M = K, NH4, blk., str. anal. of [Re2Cl8]2ë, (1 unpair. el) 22)
Re2(CO)n(PR3)10ën
40)
(p;
t)
Re(NO)2(PR3)I2 M(CO)5Hal [Re(CO)3ClPy2]
[Tc(CO)4]2, cr. brn.
K4[Re(CN)6] 3 H2O, M3[Re(CN)5(H2O)]
n)
92 43 Tc
4.5 m. 2.7h. (Perrier, Segre, 1937) 235 99 99 92 U ! 43 Tc* ! 43 Tc (in nature) g 2 105 y.
aO
Cl
2
ReCl3, cr. vlt., m. p. 257, b. p. 327, sol. in alc., Diox, DH 264, in str. and gas ë cluster [Re3Cl9], Re=Re 2.48,
K5[Re(CN)6], Re(N2)Cl(CO)4 2) [MI(CO)5] 1,14)
19)
! Re + ReCl5
1,3) 14)
[Re3Cl9(H2O)3]n H2O 2 CH3COOH ReBr3, cr. red-brn., DH 163, chains of clusters [Re3Br9] ReI3, blk., in str. ë chains of triangles [(Re3I3)I4I4/2] 38) ReF3(CO)3] [ReCl3(PEt3)]2, mol. cluster 2 crossing tetr. pyr. [ReCl3PRe], Re ì Re 2.22
ReOF2
M3[Re3Hal12], M = Rb, Cs, anion ë [Re3Hal9] + 3Halë (term). M2[Re3Hal11], M = Cs, [R4As], M2[Re3Cl10], anion [Re3Hal9] + nHalë M2[Re2Hal8], Hal = Cl, Br, diamagn. cluster ë 2 tetr. pyr. [ReHal4Re]
450
t
O2 + MBr
ReHal5
H
37)
H2
0 (20
)
K4[ReO2(CN)4], blk., easily Ox.
ReF6 ReCl5
ReF4, cr. yel.-grn., m. p.. 125, b. p. 735, subl. 300 ReCl4, cr. blk.-brn., stab. in atm. N2, sol. in ac., Thf,
t ! ReCl3 + ReCl5; in str. ë chains of pairs of oct. (with common faces), linked by vertices ë [Re2Cl7Cl2/2], Re ì Re 2.73 ReBr4, cr. dark red. ReI4, cr. blk.;
(t)
Renates (IV) Na2ReO3; Ca2ReO4 Ca3ReO5, brn.
TcCl4, cr. red., paramagn., in str. linear chains of oct. with common edge Tc ì Tc 3.62
24)
! Re + ReCl3 + ReO3Cl
Re2O7
N
3.5+ [Re2OCl3(EtCOO)2(PPh3)2] ë 2 [ReO2/2 ClCl1/2P], Re:Re 2.51
500
M2O7; KMO4
19)
M(OH)4 #, brn.-blk., sol. in ac., alk.
Cs2[Re2(HPO4)4 (H3PO4)2], 37) Re= =Re 2.24
ReOCl, + H2O ! H2 + Re(II);
0
[Re(PF3)5]2, cr. colrl., m. p. 182, volat., sol. in org. solv., alk. ! dec. [Tc(PF3)5]2, unstab., {Re[P(OR)3]5}2 21)
92 92 2 43 Tc; 42 Mo (1 D,
H2O H2O ( H2)
[ReCl(CH3COO)2]2, [ReCl2(CH3COO)(H2O)], [ReHal2(CH3COO)]2 24)
60
isostruct. [Mn(CO)5]2, M ì M 3.02 M ì ³ 1.90(ax.) 2.01 2.00(equ.) C ì O 1.20 (ax.), 1.12 (equ.)
)
F2 (500 )
ReCl2 4H2O, bl. 2 HCl 2 H2O, grn. [:ReBr2(PR3)2]2 23) ReI2, blk., diamagn. cluster 23) CO
2O
Re2O3 n H2O#, blk., sol. in HHal (t); + O2 ! HReO4
2.5+ [Tc2(CH3COO)4]Hal, Hal = Cl, Br, Tc=Tc 2.12 13)
Tc2Cl4(PR3)4
[Tc(CO)5]2 [Re(CO)5]2 cr. colrl., poorly. sol. in. org. solv., stab.in air difécult volat., subl. 50/10ë2 m.p. 160 (p) m. p. 177 (p), dec. 250, m 1:18
H
0)
HRe3(CO)14 16,20) H3Re3(CO)12, M2[HRe3(CO)12] M2[H3Re3(CO)10] M[H4Re3(CO)10], cluster-triangle M2Re4(CO)16 M2[H2Re4(CO)12]
H
2
(30
N
2
10 )
Na3Re(CO)4,
20)
0
2.76 4.46 2.76
7
Na[M(CO)5],
(
I 2 (1
H 2) t(
2.73 4.40 2.73
) N2
(30
a c MìM
g
K/H
" H2O
H2
Tc Re met. silver-wh., darken in the air d 11.5 21.0 m. p. 2200 3190 b. p. 4600 5900 s o l . i n H N O 3 , H2SO4 (t), HNO3, aq. regia (H2O2 + NH4OH) +0.37 E0 MO /M +0.47 sld. 4 hex. cl. pack.
K2[MH9], cr. colrl. stab. by pH 4 7 Na2[ReH9], dec. 245 Ba[ReH9], anion trig. prism with centreted faces (d 5 sp3 )
H[Re(CO)5],
6d
>850 ! Re + Re2O7, DH 446, a-, TiO 2 str. type; b-, rh., chains of oct. with common edge, Re ì Re 2.61 4)
H2
KTcO4 K + En + alc.
KReO4
6p
;:
t
ReO2 26) conc. HHal, HNO3, H2O2
H2 O
6s ;
TcO2 cr. blk., sol. in subl. 1000, DH 435, monocl., dist. TiO2 str. type
(7
;
(
M4[Re2OCl10], yel.grn., paramagn., [Cl5ReìOìReCl5]4 2 oct. with common vertex, ReORe 180 K2MF6, M = Tc, Re, grn., anion stab. even at pH > 7 K2MCl6, yel.-grn. K2MBr6, red., K2MI6 25)
550
t
! ReI3 + I2
2.24
;
(NH4)2MCl6; NH4MO4
2)
5d ;
1.4
;:
(N
;
OH
;
NH4MO4
+ 00 H2 ,p )
;
4+ (d 3)
EN
5d
Cl
Re
;
5p
3+ (d 4)
(3
0
;
5s
H
Tc0
4d
2+ (d 5)
0 )
TECHNETIUM, RHENIUM
3.25+ M2[Re4Br15] = Br9]0[ReIVBr6] = M2[ReIII 3
K3[Re(CN)6] 3 H2O, grn. K4[M(CN)7] H2O, yel., diamagn., anion ë pentag. bipyr. 17)
14 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_5, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
KBH4
[ReCl4(PR3)3]
Re Hal O
K2[Tc(CN)6], red.
5+ (d 2) Re (t)
Re2O5 (?), cr. bl., dec. 200; + H2O ! ReO2# + HReO4 cat
h. R
ed
6+ (d 1)
[MO2Py4]X 2 H2O X = Cl, ClO4 28)
3
H4Re2O9 = [O3ReëOëReO3(H2O)2], cr. colrl., mol. ë tetrah. and oct. with common vertex, ReORe 179 strong ac., extr. C5H11OH 31) H2Re2O8 3 Diox, m.p. 110
HTcO4, cr. red, s. fade at dil.
m.p. 48
b.p. 221
260 subl. 150
360
MTcF6 MReF6, cr. colrl., paramagn. PHal3 ( PHal5, 20 )
mol. ë 2 oct., with common edge. ReBr5, cr. bl.-grn.; t ! ReBr3 + Br2; H2O MIV + MO4
:;
[N:ReF2(PR3)2], CN Re 5, [N:ReCl2(PR3)3], oct.
2O
H
TcF6, cr. golden, m. p. 37, b. p. 55 TcCl6, cr. grn.,
ReF6, cr. yel., m. p. 19, b. p. 48, strong Fëagent ReCl6, cr. grn., 20 m. p. 22, stab. only in gas ! TcCl4 + Cl2 v. react. + H2O ! M(OH)4 + HMO4 + HHal; mol. ë oct.
K3[MO2(CN)4], trans-, orange, diamagn. (d 2 !), anion ë oct. (d 2 sp 3 ) 6, 17) M2[ReO(OH)(CN)4], vlt. 7)
N
2H 4+
K
CN
K2[TcO(CN)5] 4 H2O ë yel.
M2[ReF8], pink., anion ë antiprism M[ReF7], cr. yel., unstab.
28)
H2O ( H2)
K2[Re(CN)8], purp.
17)
K3[Re(CN)8] H2O, brn., diamagn., anion ë dodecah. (d 4 sp3 ) 8) K2[N:Re(ì NC-i)4] H2O, pink, chains of tetr. pyr. [Re(NC)4N2/2] Cs[Re(NCS)6]
O2
O2
ReS; ReS2 blk., subl. 1000, part of MoS2 "molybdenite"; ReS3 H2 Re2S7, blk., sol. in HNO3, (H2O2 + MOH); M2S7#, pH sediment. Tc2S7>Re2S7; t ! MS2 + S; Re2P, ReP, ReP2, ReP3 TcC, TcC2, ReSi2
O2
Perrhenates 10) Li5[ReO6], anioin ë oct., Ca5Re2O12, M[ReO4], colrl., sol. in H2O < MTcO4 m. p. 555, b. p. 1370 anions ë tetrah. M3ReO5, "mesoperrhenates", orange, anion ë tetr. pyram. m. p. b. p. 18 100 ë 25 M2ReO3F3, 32) anion ë oct. 147 164 M2ReO3Cl3, M = K, Cs, [R4N], 5 132 M[ReO3Cl2], M2[ReO3N] 40 163
Pertechnates M[TcO4], KMO4, m. p. 540, b. p. 1000
11,36)
O2; Bi2O3
ReNCl3, blk., nonvolat, meff = 1.75
H2O
TcOF4, m. p. 134, mol. ë cycle [TcOF3F2/2]3, Tc=O 1.66, t Tc ì F 1:8 ! Re + ReO3Hal + Hal2; TcOCl4, m. p. 35, chains of oct. [ReOF 3F2/2]-cis, > 78 ! Cl2+TcOCl3 Re=O 1.65, in gas ë mol., Re=O 1.66
HClO4; H2SO4
TcO3F, liq. yel. TcO3Cl, liq. colrl. ReO3F, cr. yel. ReO3Cl, liq. colrl. ReO3Br, cr. colrl
MIO2 (t)
t ! MF4 + MF6 ReCl5, cr. brn., 190 ! ReCl3 + Cl2;
K[ReOX4], X = Cl, I, SCN, anion tetr. pyr., O ë at the vertex, Re:O 1.72 M2[ReOCl5], M = NH4, K ë Cs, cr., yel-grn., anion oct., Re=O 2.09, 5) meff = 0.4
M[ReOF5], 29) M = K ë Cs, cr. bl., grn., sol. in Et2O, acet. M2[ReOCl6], M = Rb, Cs; + H2O ! M2[ReIVCl6]+MReO4
m. p. b. p. ReOF4, cr. bl. 27) 108 172 228 ReOCl4, cr. grn.-brn. 30 ReOBr4, cr. bl. dec. >80 + H2O ! Re(OH)4 # + HReO4;
160
M; ReO2
TcF5, m. p. 50 ReF5, cr. yel.-grn.,
N2H4 +HHal + PR3
H2O (Q)
O
Rhenates (VI) Li4ReO5, Li6ReO6, M2ReO4, M = Na, K, Ba/2 #, cr. grn.; + H2O ! Re(OH)4 # + MReO4
[ReO2(RCOO)2]2
ReOF3, cr. bk., unvolat. ReOCl3 [ReOCl(RCOO)2]2, [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] ReOX3Dipy, X = Cl (grn., vlt.), Br (grn.), ClO4 (bl.) 15)
Re2O7
HN
BaTcO4,
HNO3
[R4N][ReBr4O(H2O)], (NH4)2[TcOCl5]
TcOCI3, cr. brn., subl. 900 TcOBr3, cr. brn., subl. 400.
CO; M
26, 30) Tc2O7 30) Re2O7 yel., volat., hyg. not Ox. org. subst. (see Mn2O7 !), sol. in Re (200 ) H2O, alc., Et2O, ac., Py O2 (160 ) m. p. 120, m. p. 301, b. p. 362, dec. 600, b. p. 311, H 1234, O2 t dec. 260, baking) (Ox. colrl. > yel. > dark (in 80 H 1127, "m ReS oly 2 weak paramagn. layers of tetrah. and oct. with combd eni mon vertex. In gas ë mol. ë te" ) 2 tetrah. with common vertex, 3 Py.
ReO3 En = [ReVO2En2] [ReVIIO4]
5.85+, H0.15ReO3#, cr. golden, sol. in HNO3, semiconduct. t ! H2O + ReO3 x 26)
7+ (d 0)
H2O
ReO2F
Rhenates (V) NaReO3, meta-, light yel. M4Re2O7, pyro-, M3ReO4, ortho-, + H2O ! Re(OH)4 # + MReO4
37)
VII
[Re O2] [Re O4], "blue"
TcO3 ReO3 26) cr. red with met. lustre (grn. in thin layers), sol. in conc. alk. m. p. 160, DH 602, >400 ! ReO2 + Re2O7; + NaOH ! ReO2 + NaReO4, frame of oct. (t)
MReO4
V
33)
mol. ë tetrah., Re ì O 1.70
ReO3X, X = SO3F, NO3, RCOO TcO2F3, cr. yel., m. p. 200, in str. chains [TcO2F2F2/2] ReO2F3, cr. yel., m. p. 90, b. p. 185 ReO2(SO3F)3, cr. colrl. ReO2(OTeF5)3, mol. ë 12), trig. bipyr.
S2O6F2
13)
ReOF 5 , cr. colrl., m. p. 41, b. p. 73, DH 1229, 34) mol. ë oct. [ReOF4]+X ë
[R4N][ReO2(OTeF5)4]-cis M[ReO2F4]
12)
M[ReOF6], M = Cs, [NO], 12) cr. grn. M[ReF8], M = K, [NO], [NO2], cr. yel., anion Archimedes antiprism (d 5 sp2 ) 12)
18)
ReF7, cr. yel., m. p. 48, b. p. 72, DH 1432, mol. ë pentag. bipyr. [ReF6]+X , X = SbF6, Sb2F11
Re
35)
K2[Re(CN)8(OH)]
15
16 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_6, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
17
2/në
1+
M2Sn, n 4 9, polysulphides, cr., with icreases n colour: yel. ! red. and stab. decreases; sol. in H2O, alc. M3[Cu(S4)n], n 2, 3 M2[Pt(S5)3] M2[Ag2(S6)2)]
Ionic Covalent +H2O!M(OH)n+H2S Metallike
TiS TiS2 TiS3 Fe1 ë xS CrS0.95 t
n H2O n 9 5 b.p. 1130 990 ì 514 ì
Stab. in air, sol. in ac., conduct. (MS) or semiconduct. (MS2, MS3) 1.5
t
M2Sn+O2 ! M2SO4 ! M2On+SO2+O2; t
+ C ! M + CS2:
18
SnO, n = 6 ë 10, yel., sol. in CS2, 20
g
Fe[S2], "pyrite"; Mn[S2], "Mangankiese"
Vapour
180 (rapidly) 650
900
1500
S8 > S7 > S6 > S4 > S2 > S orange red yel.
(t) n 3) 2O M NH E; iq. ; l ( M a ); N 20 ( K
Cycles Sn, cr., orange (S6) ì yel. (S20), d=2.02 ë 2.09, m.p. 39 (S7), 50 (S9), 148 (S12), 128 (S18), 124 (S20); S10 dec. *60, str.: nonplanar cycles 33) S + OH
M2SO4 ; H2
(hn-vis)
SO2 + S; chains of Sn cycles
l 2 H2Sn
SOC
20
! S#+SO2+H2SO4 (slow.)
! S2
+
H2S + H2O (many)
24)
M2SnO6, polythionates, cr., colrl., stab. in s., decreases with increasing n; anion: 2 [SO3S] tetrah., linked 24) zigzag (S)n 4 chain
2)
1.4
S2O ("SO"), gas, colrl., stab., < 196 ë cr., orange, DH= 96, m = 1.47, does not react with °2, 27) angular mol. e rg H2O SO 2 discha w o l G H2S2O2, thiosulphorous ac., SO
>20
! H2S + S + + SO2 HSO3Cl
2
H2S
2.1
2 2 2.0 S 105
[S4O6]2
K2S6O6 K2S5O6 K2S4O6 K2S3O6 S2
15
! S + SO2 + SO3; +H2O ! S + H2SnO6+ +H2SO4; 3)
S2O23
2
78
! H2S + H2S3O6 ! ! S#(orange) + H2SO3 + + H2SO4 HO HO
S
O
HO
S
HS
(AsF6)ë2,
[Sn] n = 16, 19, cr., red, cation [(cyclo-S7)2S5]2+ [S8]2+Xë2, X = HS2O7, AlCl4, AsF6, Sb2F11 [S8][HS3O10]2 ("S2O3"), cr., bl., sol. in oleum;
Cl
H2S2O3, thiosulphuric ac., K2 10 2 , liq., oily,
2+
S18 mol.
t) C(
;
(1.7 ë 3.3)+
H2SnO6, n 20 13, 6, 5, 4, 3, polythionic ac., strong, ex. only in s., n and stab. increases with [H2S]:[SO2]
HClO4 ( KClO4;)
Purple, str.: paramagn. mol. S2 (el. anal. of °2)
445 32)
CO from blast gases (Al2O3)
O
80
in co ol
l-, liq., yel., transparent, >159 ë brn., max. visc. at 200 , S8 > S7 > S6 > S4
pi d
O2
0
SiS2; Sb2S3; Bi2S3; P4S5 Al2S3 ZnS; CdS;
119
Pt
Sulphides M2Sx Li2S Na2S K2S Cu2S; Ag2S;
2.4
2.37
m.p. 950 1180 840 1130 842 m.p. 1090 548 685(dec.) 288 1120 (Ó) 1900 (Ó) 1475
95 b-, monocl., d 1:96, m.p. 119, a 10:90, b 10:96, c 11:02, b 83, str.: mol. S8
2.07
S
EN 2.5
Amorph. (plastic) l + m yel., over- brn., cooled polymer liq., sol. (chain of Sn), in CS2 insol. in CS2
ra
[H3S]+[SbF6] ë, dec. 90, c-tetrah. cation 31)
3d ;
4
1, 10)
2.04
Hydrosulphides, cr., colrl., sol. readily in ¯2°, alc., salt out from Et2O s. LiHS, dec. 50 NaHS, m.p. 350, n H2O, n = 2, 3 (m.p. 22) KHS, m.p. 455 Ca(HS)2 6 H2O, dec. 15 Ba(HS)2 4 H2O
;: ;
a-, rhomb., d = 2.07, m.p. 113, a 10:46, b 12:86, c 24:49, str.: crown mol. S8, S ì S 2.06, SSS 108.
HCl (conc.)
2.02 2 .06
¯
SnCl2
3p
;:
SCl 2
MCln; M2On (t)
HF SbF 5+
MOEt (alc.)
3s
S, cr., yel., d 2:1, m.p. 119, b.p. 445, readily 11) sol. in CS2, turpentine, sol. in bz., CN S 2
44)
MOH
S0
ow
2°
H2Sn, n 4 35, polysulphanes, oils, yel., ex. at Ó¯ 5 7, and in Et2O, bz. s., visc. growing with n, m.p. 88 ë 50 (n 2 5 H2S2 ë str. anal. of H2O2, m 1:17, S ì S 2.05. K1 10 4 , K2 10 6
O2 ( 5% SO3); H2SO4; HNO3(t)
(3 00 )
sl
H2S, hydrogen sulphide, gas, colrl., toxic, with characteristic odour, m.p. 86, b.p. 60, dec. 300, DH= 20, m = 0.93, e = 6, solv. for org. subst.; SnCl2 2H2S (liq.) > [H3S+] + [HS ], ( HCl) + 33 [H3S ][HS ] = 10 ; angular mol., S ì H 1.33, HSH 92 (p2 ), sol. in H2O 75% (vol.), weak ac., K1 10 7 , K2 10 14
2
S
O2 ; H2 SO 2 H2S2O4, ditionous ac., ex. in s., K1 0:5, K2 10 3 ; ! S; + H2SO3
O O
HCl Thiosulphates Na2S2O3, 100 5 H2O (m.p. 48); 200 ! Na2S5 + Na2SO4 K2S2O3, dec. 430, n H2O, n 0:5; 1.67( H2O, 180 ) BaS2O3 H2O# M3[Ag(S2O3)2 ], [SO3S]2 tetrah.
Dithionites Na2S2O4 2 H2O ZnS2O4; CoS2O4, anion [O2S ì SO2]2 : 2 intersecting .. [SO2S] c-tetrah. , [S2O4]2 > 2 SO2 , strong Red.
O CO C aH O 3 N 2S a N ( 3
S2O6F2; AsF5; SO3+H2SO4 2+
;ë O
2
[S8]2+
(immed.)
[S4] X2 , cr., yel., square cation
2
O
H2 (pumice, 600 ); HI (gas); CnH2n+2
3+
2+
O
2ë
I2
SULPHUR
H2SO2, sulphÑxylic ac., O S(OH)2 > HO ì S H CoSO2 3 H2O, NaHSO2 HCHO 2 H2O, m.p. 63, "rongalit", Red.
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_7, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
)
2
4+
6+
Na2SO3 7 H2O; K2SO3 2 H2O CaSO3 2 H2O#; BaSO3# 600
H2SO4 > [H3O]++ [HSO4] . 2 [H3O]++[SO4]2 , ( MF+SO2:, soft F-agents: +(PNCl2)3! ! (PNF2)3 + MCl + SO2
m.p. b.p. S2O5F2, liq., colrl. 48 51 S2O5Cl2, liq., colrl. 37 Sulphurilhalides, m.p. b.p. SO2F2, gas 137 51 SO2FCl, gas 125 +7 SO2Cl2, liq. 54 69 SO2FBr, liq. 86 40
colrl. dec. 400 ì 300 ì
SO2
8)
Cs+[SOF5] ë, 210
H2SO4
DH m 856 1.11 ì ì 393 1.80 ì ì
SOF4, gas, colrl., m.p. 100, b.p. 49, mol. ë trig. bipyr., 300 !SF6 +SO2 F2 [SOF3]+[AsF6] ë
x .O
an
Hydrosulphates NaHSO4 (m. p. 186); H2O=Na[H3O][SO4] KHSO4 (m.p. 210, "mercallit"); [H3O] HSO4] = "H2SO4 H2O"; [NO] HSO4], "nitrososulphuric ac."
Halogensulphonic. ac., HSO3Hal, Hal = F, Cl, Br; liq., colrl. (F, Cl); yel. (Br); m.p. 87, b.p. 169 (F); m.p. 80, b.p. 152 (Cl); m.p. 7(dec.) (Br) HSO3F ë strongest ac., stab., F-agent MSO3F, M = Li, K, XeF , [Sb4 ]2 Ba(SO3F)2, Cs[M(SO3F)n], 12) II (t) MSO3Cl, unstab.; M (SO3Cl)2 l a H[SbF2(SO3F)4], most strong ac. H
7)
! SF6 + O2 + . . .
SO3
M
M2S2O8, persulphates, M = K, NH4, Ba/2 ( 4 H2O),
MHSO5, ; H2O O2+MHSO4, [SO4 ì OH]
39)
SO3F2 = (FO)SO2F
39)
1.46
100
! M2S2O7+O2 [O3S ë O ë O ë SO3]2
MOH
Sulphates Na2SO4, m. p. 884, b. p. 1430; 10 H2O, "Glauber salt" K2SO4, m. p. 1076, b. p. >2000; BaSO4;, m. p. 1580 MgSO4, dec. 1155; 7 H2O, "Epsom salt" ³aSO4;, m. p. 1450; 2 H2O, "plaster stone"; CuSO4, dec. 650; 5 H2O ("vitriol"); [SO4]2 ë regular tetrah. (sp3); S ì O 1.48, not Ox, mol. M2 SO4 (M = K ë Cs) ex. in gas.
38)
Cl
POHal3
MF
34)
25)
! M2S + M2SO4, readily sol. in H2O [:SO3]2 ë c-tetrah., strong Red.
SO2
SO3
H2O
HSO2F > HF (liq.) + SO2(liq.), êuorsulphine ac., m. p. 84
M2S4O14, [O3S ì OSO2 ì O ë]22
S2O5F4, liq., colrl., m.p. 95, b.p. 35 O
O SOF2
F2OS O
SO4F2, yel. g., b.p. 0, dec. 50, [FSO2OOF] SO3
S2O6F2, liq., colrl., m.p. 55, b.p. 67, (FSO2 ì O ì)2, strong F-agent 120
;:
SO3F, brn., dec. 200
2
33
O2
H 2O
eF
Sulphites Li2SO3, dec. 455
O SO3
X
MHSO3, hydrosulphites, M = Na, K, Cs (cr.); Li, Ca/2 (ex. only in s.)
Ditionates M2S2O6 2 H2O, M = Li, Na K2S2O6 MIIS2O6 n H2O, MII = Ca, Sr (n 4), Ba (n 2), Mn, all salts sol. in H2O, anion ë [O3S ì SO3]2 ë 2 intersecting 58) tetrah.
2
H2SO5, Caro ac., cr., colrl., hyg., m.p. 7 (dec.), in s. stab.>H2S2O8, K2 10 10 , sol. in Et2O, + H2O ! H2SO4 + + H2O2, v. strong. Ox, + bz. ! exp.
2,
M2CO3 (0 )
H2SO4
SO3 O
54
! S# + H2SO4
Pyrosulphates, M2S2O7, M=Na, K, anion ë 2 tetrah. with a common vertex
H2S2O8, persulphuric ac., cr., m.p. 65 (dec.), strong ac., Ox.
1.
150
an. Ox.
H2SO4, ulp c ac., oil, colrl., v. hyg., ("monohydrate"), m.p. 10, b.p. 340 (dec.), 2 H2SO4 (100%)>[H3SO4]+ + [HSO4] > [H3O]++[HS2O7] ; K 10 5 K 10 4 43 e = 100 (25 ), solv. M2(SO4)n, strong Ox., 1. 104 in gas ë mol. ë dist. tetrah. (sp 3 ); 119 H2O, n 1 4, 6, 5 (m.p. 84), 8 ( 110 ); b.p. of azeotrope (98% H2SO4) 337;
H2O ( HHal)
[SO2]eq.=[SO2]gen. [HSO3 ] [SO32ë];
H2S2O6, dithionic. ac., strong, ex. in s., stab. to Ox.
H2O SO3
36)
n
;Z
Hg
t Sulphurous ac. ("H2SO3") + + 2 SO2+H2 O> SO2 n H2O > H +HSO3 > 2 H +SO3 , H HSO3 Mn 10 2 , K2 10 7 ; Red. K1 O2 SO2 eq::
H2S2O7, di(pyro)sulphuric ac., cr., colrl., hyg. m.p. 35
KHF2; CH2Cl2
1 2.17
HHal
9
NO S; Cu 2 + H (t) ; H 2O ( I; NO H 2S )
2O
2
.45
M2S3O10, trisulphates, M = MI, MII/2, [ClO2], [S8]/2, [NO2]
H2SO4
Na2S2O7; Fe2(SO4)3
H
1.4
t
NaHSO3 (dry) M2S2O5, pyrosulphites ("metabisulphites"), M = Na ë Cs, 20 ! SO2 + M2SO3 4) Na2S2O5 H2O > 2 NaHSO3
F
FeS2
23)
SF5Cl S2O2F10, liq., colrl., m.p. 95, b.p. 49, dec. 200, (F5 ì S ì O ë)2
2
O2 ( Fe2O ) 3
O
>400 ( O2)
3 SO4, m.p. 3 (dec.), O3 S2O7, m.p. 0, +H2O ! [O]; subl. 10 ( O2) +Mn2+ ! HMnO4 low O 2 (g rge) h c SO2 dis a an. Ox.; H2O2 (100%)
SO3, cr., wh., silky, m.p. 17 ë 145 (various forms); DH 395 (gas); 462 (b). In str. ë cyclic trimers or chains of tetrah. [SO4] (sp3). In gas ë SO3 ë triangle, S=O 1.41, OSO 120 (sp2); strong Ox.
vi s)
O2 (t; Pt, V2O5, Ag3VO4); O3
hn (
SO2, gas, colorl., with a pungent odour, m.p. 75, 37) b.p. 10, dec. 2500, DH = 297, sol. in ¯2° 98% (vol.), e = 13; liq. SO2 sol. N2, MHaln, org. subst., m = 1.63, angular mol. (c-triangle [:SO2], sp2); 3 strong Red., weak Ox: + H (Pd) ! H2S; 1.4 7 2/3 H2O (6 : 46) ë clathrate 120
19
SULPHUR HALIDES
a
1.86
55
4ë NaR ( RH) Na+ 4 [S4N4] LiAl[S4N4] II
2.0
6
3
M [S2N2H]2, M = Ni, Co, Pt, Pd stab. in air, meff. = 1.9 (Co), 0 (Ni) mol. is planar
N H +
112
1.59
CS 2
1,
1.64
:
04
1.43
122
1.73
0.28+ 0.66+ S7NH, S6(NH)2, m.p. 113 3 isomers: (1, 3), (1, 4) and (1, 5), S ì S 2.05, S ì N 1.67 ë 1.72 19)
1.2+ 1.65 S5(NH)3 2 isomers: (1, 3, 5) 2+ and (1, 3, 6) S4(NH)4,
Sn
Cl
2
[S3N2]X, X = Cl, AsF6,15) cation planar
) n;
O (C Cl 2
M
42)
0.66+ M[Cu(S3N)2], in anion ë 5-member ring [CuS3N]
MII[S2N2], MII = Cu, Pb, Fe, Co, Ni, cr., with intensive colour, sol. in org. solv., paramagn. (MII = Fe, Co (2 and 1 unpair. el. 16)
M
Sn(NH)8 ë n, mol. ë 8-members rings ë "crowns" (4 at. in parallel planes, look S8!), cr., colrl., at. H easily substit. 0.5+ M[S4N], cr., purp., stab. in air, anion ë chain of [S2NS2]
HSO3Cl
109
2.66+ S3N2Cl2
2.5+ [S4N3]+X ë, X = Cl (cr., yel., dec. 170), Br, I, NO3, SCN, HSO4, cation planar 7-member cycle
134 2 15 111
2.75+ M+[S4N4] ë, stab. < 25 , anion paramagn.
; ed . R hf th ca + T K
116
4
2.1
0
102
Pt
3
1.66
S2Cl2
3.02
+
1.67
114 90 99
2.2
l) 2 HC
5
116 87 104
97
1.6
1.52
2.1
.)
M+[SF5] ë, 6) M = Cs, [R4N], anion ë c-oct.
2.67+ M+[S3N3] ë, M = K ë Cs, exp., anion. ë 6-member planar cycle 30)
108 119
II
1.56
7
121
(liq
[SF3] [BF4] ë [SCl3]+[AlCl4] ë [SBr3]+[SbHal6] ë, yel., cations ë c-tetrah., 5, 22, 45)
2.3+ [S6N4]2+X2ë , X = FeCl4, SO3F, AsF6 36)
1.58
1.5
3
EHaln +
17)
3
(0.31 ë 0.4)+ (S7N)2Sn, m.p. 137 (n 1), 98 (dec.) (n 2), 97 (n 3), 16 (n 5), sol. in CS2, not hydr., mol. 2 cycles connected of chain Sn
111
NH
190
aF +N
Cl 2
54
S
2+ [S2N]+[¿¤6] ë, cr., yel., gr. [S ì N ì S] ë linear,
13) 1.5+ S4N2 (earlier "S5N2"), cr., red, m.p. 23 ( 80 light-yel.), distil. in vac., sol. in org. solv., 100 ë exp., m 1:74, mol. ë "half-chair" 6 1.6
135
41) 0.57+ [S7N]+[HSO3] ë, cr., red
1
12
20
1.54
769
[SN][AsF6]
Imides Sn(NH)8 ë n
05 2.
S, S2Cl2
2
2+
2.04
( S nCl 2
);
n
2.0
66
1.
105
43)
Hal2 + EHal
5
Na ( H2)
1.70
:
10
DH
F
0.54+ S11N2, m.p. 150 (dec.), sol. in CS2, (a; b) 14)
1.57
S
(0.25 ë 0.66)+ Sn(CN)2, n 3 8, cyansulfanes, m.p. 93 (n 3), 39 (n 6), str. anal. SnHal2
76
m.p. b.p. SF4, gas, 121 37 colrl., toxic 34 ì SCl4, cr., colrl. (dec.) mol. ë c-trig. bipyr.; SF4 + M2On ! MFn ; + H2O ! SO2 + HHal; M
AgF; Cl2 (deéc.); Br2 (surp.)
92
4+
[S2I4]2+(AsF6)2ë, Cl2 (liq.) cation ë trig. HF (gas) prism. 35) > 30
F 2(
SULPHUR NITRIDES 0.28+ Na+[S7N] ë, cr., grn.
b.p. 39 60 (dec.)
[I2]AsF6
Cl2 (FeCl3)
90
[S7I]+AsF6ë , cr., orange, in cation cycle S7 35)
m.p. 98 125
Cl2) (SF2)2, liq., bl. SCl2, liq., red
20 (slow.,
3+
1.72
20 ( S)
m.p. b.p. DH S2F2, gas, colrl. 133 15 227 80 138 58 S2Cl2, liq., colrl. 40 57/0.2 17 S2Br2, liq., red, d 2:63 dec. 90 ì ì dec. 30 ì ì S2I2, cr., brn. Str. anal. of H2O2, strong. Hal-agents; S2Cl2 solv. of S, I2, MHaln, org. subst; + H2O ! H2S2O3; S2Cl2 n AlCl3
1.62
H2; H2Sn
2+
I2 + (liq AsF 5 .S O 2)
1+
2.2
S1/n+ n¤2, Hal=Cl ë I, n 4 100, halogensulfanes, oils or sld., orange
40)
S2Cl2; HHal NH3 + SCl2
FeII[S4N4], cr., blk., dec. 100, solv. in Py,
# + H2O
Fe(OH)3
O)
(C Fe
S4N4
5
S N, Hal H
5+
6+
S2F10, liq., colrl., v. toxic, m.p. 53, b.p. 29, DH 2134, inert at 20 , not react. with H2O, alk., strong F-agent (t), mol. 2 tetr. pyram., S ì S 2.2
sF
C
OF
SF4
3+
(
2
Cs
x)
(SF5)2O, liq., colrl., m.p. 155, b.p. 31, mol. ë 2 oct. with common vertex [SF5]+X , X = OF ("SOF6", m.p. 86, 9) b.p. 35); OCl, CF3, SO4/2
F2
Ag
2
Cl
(C
F b.p. 93 ì ì 18)
9 1.5 113 123
47)
F
Thiasylhalides 7 F 11 NSF, gas, colrl., hygr., m.p. 79, b.p. 5; + H2O ! NH4F + SO2 (immed.), m 1:90 1.45 NSCl, gas, yel.-grn., v. unstab. (semiproduct in synthesis of S4N4), angular mol. [Co(NSF)06 ][AsF6 ]2 53) NSBr
Cl2 + CsCl
1.6
S2Cl2
l 4C NH ) S (
cyclo-( NH S=NH)3, diimide 3.5+ M[S4N5], cr., yel., exp., N ë in middles of edges of tetrah. [S4], 52)
F
4
1.61
2.59
Cl 4)
153,
NSF3, gas, colrl., b.p. 73, passiv., not t hydrol.; + H2O ! HF + HSO3NH2; m 1:91, mol. ë tetrah., S:N 1.42
4+
2
3 (C
AgF2
S(NSiMe3)2
Br
NH
6+
56)
);
H2
[S4N5]+X
S F, N
4
S2N3H3, HN=S=N ì S ì NH2, amidoimidonitride, sld., red, in liq. NH3 ë monobasic ac., + Pb2+ ! PbN2S2 + S(NH)2
MN
( 80 )
Ox-state of S calculated on the assumption of formal Ox-states of N 3 and H 1+
H[OSF5], cr., subl. 65 M[OSF5], M = Cs, Xe/6, W/6 46)
(NSF)4, needles, colrl., m.p. mol. ë 8-membered rings m.p. 74 (NSF)3, cr., colrl. 163 (NSCl)3, yel. ì (NSBr)3, red [N3S3F2]+X ë
Cl2
(300 ! 80 vac., AgF2)
MI3 [S2N3], cr., yel., exp. Na[H2S2N3], cr., brn.
l 4)
gF
2.67+ K[S3N3] anion ë plane cycle 29)
H2O
C (C
H
2.59 S4N4#, cyclotetrathiazyl, thiazen, cr., golden, S ( 100 colrl., >100 red), d 2:2, m.p. 180, subl. 130/0.1, exp. 130 , DH = + 460, 102 sol. in bz., CCl4, m 0:72; in mol. ë square [N4], over and under ë at 2 at. S, they form dist. tetrah. 115 62 t 1. + H2O ! NH3 + S3O26 + S2O23 ; + HI ! H2S + + NH3 + I2; m EHaln, E = B, Sn, Sb, S, Se, Ti, Nb, W N
S2Cl2
SF5OOX, X = H, SO2F, COF, CF3, SF4OSF5 20)
)
3.2+ 3.5+ [S5N5]+X ë, [S4N4]2+X2ë thiazile salts; cations ë plane 10- or 8-membered 50) rings
124 ë 139
S2N2, cr., colrl., volat.; sol. in Et2O.; exp. 30 ; 20 S N ! S4N4 + (SN)x, mol. ë square 29) SbCl5 N S
m 0 1.58 ì
mol. ë oct. (sp3 d 2 ), passiv., not react. with O2, ac., alk.; + HI (gas) ! HF + H2S + I2; 21) SF6 17 H2O, clathrate
3.6+ S5N6, cr., yel., exp., subl. 45/10 2; mol. ë basket 55)
(SN)x, polythiasyl, golden ébres (bl. in thin layers), exp. 240 , subl. vac. 135, insol. in H2O and org. solv., dec. of alk., str.: zigzag chains, S ì N 1.59 Ë 1.63; SNS 119.9, NSN 106.2; paramagn., conduct. (delocalization of p-el. along of chain) 28) n Hal2 (n 0:04 0:4) ë canal comp. inclusion, conduct.
DH 1226 ì ì
Cl
)
+
dec. 800 ì ì
1
Cl 2
S
b.p. 64 (subl.) 19 116
10
F
Hal2
m.p. 50 (p) 64 ì
1.61
20 2(
H2 (hn-vis)
SF6, gas, colrl. SF5Cl, gas, colrl. SF5Br
2.66+ S3N2O, liq., red, O=S=(N=S)2
Oxonitrides 51) 4+ S4N4O2, mol. ë cycle
3.33+ S3N2O2, cr., yel., m.p. 101, S=(N=S=O)2
SOCl2
54) 5.33+ S3N2O5, cr., colrl., subl., in mol. ë 6-membered cycle O[S(O)2N]2S
Na
N
NH 3
3
3
4+ K[NSO], thionitrite (tiasat), cr., colrl., exp., m.p. 190
3.3+ M[S3N3O], M[S3N3O2], bl.-vlt. M[S4N5O], anions ë cycles M3[ON(SO3)2], nitrosodisulphonate
m.p. ì 110 139 129 111 ì ì 71 80 99
57)
b.p. ì 16 10 2 18 80 25 25 61 13
Sulfanurhalides, [ N=S(OCl)]3 m.p. b.p. m 138 ì (NSOF)3, a- 17 liq., colrl. b- 13 130 ì (NSOCl)3 a- 145 ì cr., colrl. b- 48 ì mol. ë 6-membered cycles (a-"armchair", b-"bath")
S4N4 SO
N:SF2Cl F2NìSF5 F2NìOSF5 F2NìOSO2F F2NìSO2F Cl2NìSF5 ClFNìSF4 HN(F)ìSF5 FN=(SO2F)2 FN=SF4
3.9 1.9 49)
48) Hg[NSOF2]2 Ag4[SO2N2], sulphamide, anion ë [N ì S(O)2 ì N] 4
21
211 84 Po -3 a!...
212 ! 212 84Po a!... 83Bi b;g 0.158 s. 3 10 7
Synthesis: 209 210 210 83 Bi(n, g) 83 Bi b! ... 84 Po, distil. vac
s.
Cl +H
Mg
H2Po output 4 0.1% 36 +35 v. unstab.
Mn+ H+
Tellurides Na2Te, 9 H2O cr. colrl. Al2Te3 Ag2Te, "hessite" Cu2Se, "berzelianite" AuTe2, HgSe, "calaverite" "timanite"
M ( (N t); N H a 3 l iq. )
m. p. 65 49 b. p. 42 2 DH =+84 +100 dec. 280 >0 sol. in H2O 75 50%(vol.) 10 3 K1 10 4 K2 10 11 10 5 angular mol. E ì ¯ 1.46 1.66 ¯E¯ 90.6 90.2
Hg(Se,S) "onofrite" PbSe
Polonides M2Po, M = Na ë Cs, CaF2 str. type MPo, M = Be ë Ra, Zn ë Hg, Ni, Pb; NaCl, str. type, blk., volat.
HgTe, "coloradoite" PbTe, "altaite" Bi2Te22S "tetradymite" ®E, M = Ge ë Pb, Zn ë Hg, As, Mn, Bi; E = Se, Te, semiconduct., photoresistive mater., lasers
22
2;
1.8
PoCl4
Po mÇt., silvery-wh., powd., brn., glows in the dark, in str. ë chains, d 9:4, m. p. 254, ´e ì Te 2.86, b. p. 962, sol. in ¯³l, conc. HNO3, melt. alk., TeTeTe 102 E0 Po4+/Po = +0.765
( !blk.) or glass, d=4.3; in str. ë tangled chains #CS2 s. orange with grn. tint #5 107 Pa (I2; Na; hv-UV, X-rays)
Pn, red, insol. in CS2, not toxic, inê. 240 , subl. 429, d = 2.2 ë 2.4, mol. ë chains t of diff. lengths P ì P 2.24, PPP 102
Gas ! P P2 2000 [P:P], P ì P 1.90, el. anal. to N2 ! 1000
ain 0, ch
O 2 (2
Ba[H2P2O5]# O O H
00
3
Ba(OH)2 ( PH3"
") CO
)
Ca
H2SO4
Pa
P2O5
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_14, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
O
P
2
H
O
PCl3( P); Hg2+
H+(cationite)
CO
SiO
2)
P O
19)
5
[MCl(P4)2(PR3)2]
SiO
ce)
escen
umin PO l ! . t reac
H3PO2 = H[ H2PO2] hypophosphorous ac. cr., colrl., hyg., m. p. 27 K = 10 1, sol. in alc., Et2O
Pn, blk., subl. 453, m. p. 1000 (p), d=2.69, thermodinamically stab., non-react., inê. 400 , str. ë gauffer layers of trig. bypyr., graphite similar semiconduct.
CN P = 3 in all forms
Ca3(PO4)2 C+
38)
P, met., rhombohedral, As str. type P ì P 2.38, d = 3.56
(15 2
H4P2O4=H2[H2P2O4] 23)
! PH3 + H3PO4 v. strong Red. (in conc. s., t)
# 8300010
2.18
M = Rh, Ir
H2O
50
2.21
m. p. ì 1580 Conduct. (TiP) or semiconduct. ì (CrP), chem. passiv. 1600 (act. increases with decreasing 1200 content P); sol. in Na2O2 melt 1356 ferromagn.
P2I4
[R4N][Ru4(CO)12(m3-PO)
22)
(PO)n
H[OPH(O) ì PH2]
550
BP#, dec. >2000, insol. in ac. and alk., str. diamond type AlP, dec. 2000, str. + H2O ! PH3 InP#, dec. 1070 sphalerite GaP#, m. p. 1467 (ZnS) type AsP#, dec. 750
Semiconduct.
Salt - like +H2O !PH3 Covalent Metal-like
40
12)
Ca+
co
Ca2PI; Ca3PI3
Li3P; Na3P; Na2P5 (m. p. 650) K2P5; Ba[P5]2; Rb4[P6], in str. ë plane cycles [P5] and [P6] K4P3; K5P4 Mg3P2; Ca3P2 +O2 ë inê., Zn3P2; Cd3P2 +H2O ! PH3+... Cu3P#; CuP2#, insol. in HNO3 (t)
Ti3P TiP Cr3P CrP Fe3P Fe2P FeP FeP2
15)
t) I2 (
Phosphides M3Px
}
vac. ( PH3)
00
P4, wh., soft, waxlike, toxic, (yel. admix. Pred. and As), m. p. 44, b. p., 257, sol. in CS2, NH3, SO2, inê. 40 ; d 1:83. In cube str. (Cu type), mol. P4 ë tetrah., P ì P 2.21, PPP 60, CN P 3. Strain in tetrah. causes chem. act. 34)
ol
# 100
a
O
Ca3P2
Na2PH; MAl((PH2)4
3
C
MPH2, dihydrophosphides, cr., colrl., inê.
O Si
2+
[P8] 2+(HSO3F)2ë [P4] 2+(HSO4)2ë, (ex. only in s.) [P8] 2+, bl., [P4] 2+, colrl., 3) diamagn.
C(
M; M2On ; MHaln(gas)
HX
OH
H3PO3
M (liq. NH3)
C
Si +
O H2
H2O
") O
P2O5
C(
H+
(H ")
(PH)n, yel., not react with ac., alc.
P2H4, diphosphine, liq., colrl., m. p. ë 99, b. p 63, str. analog N2H4, inêam. at 20 (admix. PH3), not react. with ac., >0 ! PH3+(PH)n ; n (H2O) 15)
+ PH+ 4 +H2O . PH3+H2O > H3O +PH2 K=10 29 K=10 29 v. weak donor; [Ni(PH3)4], [CoN2(PR3)3]
Phosphonium salts [PH4]X, cr., colrl. [PH4]ClO4, exp. PH4Hal > PH3+HHal (gas) t. subl. PH4Cl 28 PH4Br 38 PH4I 18 (m. p.), 80 (b. p.), v. strong Red.; +H2O ! PH3+HHal; cation ë tetrah. (sp3 )
Ca3(PO4)2
H2(300 , p); HCl( PCl3); MOH( MH2PO2)
1+
2.1
;
t( H2) PH3, phosphine, gas, colrl., toxic, with odour of rotten ésh, m. p. 134, b. p 88, inê. 150 , DH=+5, v. strong Red., sol. in H2O 20% (vol.), m = 0.58; mol. ë trig. pyr., P ì H 1.42, HPH 93 (p3);
EN
3d
;
(25 , 35 108 Pa; Hg, 370 )
3ë
3s
P0
M[ H2PO2]n, hypophosphites 19) Na H2PO2 H2O M H2PO2; NH4 H2PO2 Mg( H2PO2)2 6H2O Ba( H2PO2)2 H2O Ca( H2PO2)2, readily sol. in H2O, anion ë dist. tetrah., P ì O 1.52
Cu2+
P4O8 P4O9
Na3HP2O6 4 H2O Na2H2P2O6
ë
[P(OH)4] X , phosphoryl salts
H2O (H+, t)
O4
HP 2
(
1.47
[HPO3]2 ë dist. tetrah.
Pred
) 2"
,H
mol. P4O10
O) H2
SiO SiO 2 3, t )
Ca
Polymetaphosphates MIn[PnO3n ë 1(OH)2], n = 20 ë 70, form from s.; well, but slow. sol. in H2O (with fractional oligomerization) ®5[P3O10], triphosphates NaZn2[P3O10] 9.5 H2O (NH4)5[P3O10] H2O 10)
M6[P4O13] Na6[P4O13]
tetraglass
M7[P5O16], penta-
10)
tetrameta-, "chair" and "bath" 4) Li4[P4O12] 6 H2O Na4[P4O12], 4 H2O
hexameta-, Li6[P6O18] 5 H2O Na6[P6O18] 6 H2O
16)
Di(pyro)phosphates 300 Na2H2P2O7, dec. 220, 6 H2O; Na4P2O7, m. p. 988, 10 H2O; Ag4P2O7#, wh.; K4P2O7 3 H2O, ( ! H2O,); t II II MII 2 P2O7#, M = Mg ë Ba, Zn, ! M3 (PO4)2+P2O5", anion ë 2 tetrah. whith a common vertex, POP 130 ë 157
H3PO4, orthophosphoric ac., cr., colrl., hyg., non toxic, m. p. 42, K1=10 2, K2=10 7, K3=10 12, sol. in alc., e = 61 (25 ), 2 H3PO4 > [H4PO4]++[H2PO4] , mol. ë dist. tetrah, weak Ox. (>350 ), react. with M, SiO2; 1/2H2O, m. p. 30 (80% s. H3PO4, visc. liq.); commercial preparation 85%
1.52
112
H4P2O8 K4P2O8
7
43
106
=
t ( H2O)
H3PO5
5)
H3PO6
5)
H2SO4 Ca3(PO4)2
t
H H ClO 2O 4 (7 ; H 00 N , P O3 ; t, C u)
4(
SO2 )
MH[HPO3], hydrophosphites NaH2PO3, 2.5 H2O, m. p. 42, dec. 100 KH2PO3; Zn(H2PO3)2, anion ë dist. tetrah., P ì O 1.51 11)
H2 SO
H (O 2O
H
Pwh.
OH
! M3PO4 + PH3 + P + . . .
(
H4P2O7, di(pyro)phosphoric ac., glass or cr., colrl., m. p. 61, K1=10 2, K2=10 3, K3=10 7, K4=10 10, sol. in H2O, alc., Et2O
2
M2[HPO3], phosphites 31) Na2HPO3 5 H2O, m. p. 53, dec. 120 K2HPO3; MgHPO3 6 H2O Ag2HPO3#, wh.; CaHPO3#; CrHPO3 2 H2O,
35)
trimeta-, "chair", Li3[P3O9] 3 H2O Na3[P3O9] n H2O,
t
H+
102
P4O11
32, 37) Cyclometaphosphates [M(PO3)m]n , n = 3 ë 6, 8, 10, 12, in str. ë nonplanar cyclic anions [PO3]nn from tetrah. [PO4], MH2PO4 t ( H2O) P ì O 1.6 ë 1.7 (br.), 1.4 ë 1.5 (term.), OPO 100 ë 119, POP 103 ë 139
M
H3PO3 (cr.) ! PH3+H3PO4 ; strong Red., by 20 not react. with HNO3, 11 6 1.54 H2[HPO3] > P(OH)3 10
glasses
MOH
H3PO3=H2[HPO3], phosphorous ac., cr., colrl., hyg., m. p. 74, dec. 200, K1=10 2, K2=10 7, sol. in H2O, alc.; mol. ë dist. tetrah.;
1.39
liq., nonvolat., visc. cool (polymeric mol.)
(HPO3)n, n = 3, 4, 6, "metaphosphoric ac.", glass paste, colrl., hyg., m. p. 40, subl., sol. in H2O, alc; strong. ac., K3=10 2, K4=10 3, only one P-ac. coagulated protein (large charge of the anion), in str. ë disord. arrangment of cyclic mol. (HPO3)4 and others +
M2[H2P2O5], pyrophosphites Na2H2P2O5; ZnH2P2O5 11)
H2O
t
124
H2O (a lack, 0 )
H2O (300 )
16)
liq., volat., êuent (mol. P4O10)
P O H
H2O (slow.)
H4P2O5 = H2[H2P2O5], di(pyro)phosphorous ac. needles, colrl., m. p. 38, dec. 130 PCl3
a-, hex. (rhombohedral) mol. str., d = 2.3, 422 m. p. 422 (Ó), subl. 359 (volat. < P2O3), t DH 2988 (for P4O10), v. react.
H4P2O6
M6P6O12 n H2O, M = Rb, Cs, Ba/2, 31) hexametaphosphites Mn3H6P4O12 1.5 H2O
21)
P2O5, phosphoric anhydride, wh., v. hyg. (mixture of amorph. and hex.), rapidly react. with H2O; v. strong dehydrating agent. In gas and hex. str. ë P4O10, in mol. tetrah. [P4], on the edges ë 6 br. Ât °; at each at. ² ë 1 term. at. °, P = O 1.40 ë 1.49 and 3 br. P ì O 1.56 ë 1.65
1.5
P2O3, phosphorous oxide (III) cr., wh., m. p. 24, b. p 175, DH 1640 (for P4O6), sol. in org. solv. 125 In gas, s., one modif. ë dimers P4O6. 99 In mol. ë 4 c-tetrah. [:PO3], 5 1.6 with sharing vertex form. the "big tetrah." [P4]. In sld. polymers from tetrah. [PO4].
5+
M2On(t)
4+
3+
Monobasic (primary) M[H2PO4]n, sol. in H2O (any M) NaH2PO4, dec. 200; KH2PO4, m. p. 253 (dec.); (NH4)H2PO4, m. p. 190 ³a(H2PO4)2, "duble superphosphate" ³a(H2PO4)2 H2O+CaSO4#, "simple" t ! M(PO3)n+H2O. In str. ë chains of anions whith H-bonds
Mono(ortho)phosphates 35) Dibasic (secondary) M2[HPO4]n , sol. in H2O only if MI Na2HPO4, (dec. 300), n H2O n=12 (dec. 35), 7 (48), 2 (95); NaNH4HPO4, "phosphoric salt", t ! NaPO3 + NH3 + H2O; CaHPO4, 2 H2O #, "brushite" t SP = 10 6, "precipitate", ! M4P2O7 + H2O
Threebasic (tertiary), M3[PO4]n, sol. in H2O only at M = Na ë Cs, NH4; Na3PO4, m. p. 1340, n H2O n = 10, 12 Ca3(PO4)2#, m. p. 1670, SP = 10 25; Ca5(PO4)3(F, Cl, OH), "êuor-", "chlor-", "hydroxylapatites"; anion ë regular tetrah. (sp 3 )
41
PHOSPHORUS HALIDES AND OXOHALIDES 2+
3+
5+
P2O3
Cl2 ; Br2 (rap idly)
18
+ PF3 ! (POF)n
( Hg
Hg
H PF2, gas, colrl., m.p. 124, b.p. 65, m = 1.32, mol. ë pyram., ² ì ¯ 1.41, ² ì F 1.58, FPF 99, HPF 96; +H2O ! H2+HPOF2+HF+H3PO2
I 2)
2
+
Hal2 H2 (discharge)
m.p. 86
b.p. 6
PF3, gas, colrl. PCl3, liq., colrl. PBr3, liq., colrl. PI3, cr., red
P2F4, gas, colrl., unstab. 28 180 P2Cl4, liq., colrl. 126 dec. P2I4, cr., orange mol. trans ë Hal2² ì ²Hal2, ² ì ² 2.2ë2.3, ² ì Hal 1.59 (F), 2.48 (I), Hal²Hal 99 (F), 18) 102 (I), Hal²² 94
HI
(
PH
)
4 I)
)
P
H l 2; Ha
Ha
m 1.03 0.78 0.52 0.34
Hal2 PHal3 ë hyg., toxic, sol. in CS2, CCl4, Et2O, bz.; 25) t ( Hal2) mol. [:PF3] ë c-tetrah. Hal = ³l (100 ); PF2Cl, PF2Br, PFCl2, PFBr2; Br (35 ) + H2O ! HHal + H3PO3; PCl3 n L, L = Br2 (n = 2, 9); NH3 (n = 5); Me3N [Cr(PF3)6]; KRe(PF3)5; [Pt(PF3)4]; [Ni(PCl3)4]
[P2I5]+[AlI4] ë, cation ë [I3P ì PI2]+, P ì P 2.22, P ì I 2.41
24)
HPF4, m.p. 89, b.p. 36, unstab., mol. ë trig. bipyr. 24) [R4N]+[HPF5] ë H F
S2
DH 959 314 175 46
H3PO3
PI3
AlI 3 I2 + (CS 2)
P2O5; H2O m.p. PF5, gas, colrl. toxic PCl5, cr., colourl. PBr5, cr., orange 27) PI5, cr., blk.
94 160, subl. 106 40
b.p. 85 159 (p) dec. ì
KH2PO4 PF2(O)OOCF3
14)
13) PHal5 ë v. hyg., sol. in ³³l4, CS2, bz.; mol. PF5, PCl5 (gas), ë trig. bipyr. (sp3d), in cr. [PCl4]+[PCl6] , [PBr4]+Br ³sCl str. type PF3Cl2, PF4Cl, PF2Cl3 ë gases; PC4F, PF3Br ë liq.; ! PF5 +PHal5 PCl5 n L, L = NH3 (n = 8, 9); N2O4,
24)
[PF4]+[Sb3F16] ë 8, 9) [PCl4]+X ë, X = F, [PCl6], [PF6], [BCl4] + P2Cl9Br = [PCl4]+ 3 [PCl3Br] Br2 [PCl6]2 [PBr4]+Xë, X = F ë Br, [Cl3], [Br3], [PF6], cations ë tetrah. (sp3 ), P ì Hal 1.98 (Cl), 2.15 (Br) 24) [PI4]+[AlI4]ë
®PO3 3 BF
HPF6, oil, colrl., 6 H2O, m.p. 32, strong ac. M+[PF6] ë, M = Na( H2O), K ë Cs, Tl, Ag (sol. as MClO4), [O2], [NO], [NO2], [PCl4], [PBr4], [Xe2F11], stab. at pH>7 [ECl4]+[PCl6] ë, E = P, As, anion ë oct. (sp3 d2 )
O2F2; NOCl; N2O4; XeF6
42
DH 1594 433 231 ì
.) ow (sl ) 20 liq. 2 (SO
2 (C
F r,
B l(
b.p. 101 75 173 dec.
H[PO2F2], liq., colrl., m.p. 90, b.p. 108, d 1:6, strong ac.; M[PO2F2], anion ë dist. tetrah., OPO 122, FPF 97 H[PO2Cl2], liq., colrl., m.p. 28, stab. at 20 ; M[PO2Cl2] 30) M[PO2Br2]
HF
;I
m.p. 151 90 40 + 61
O
Oxohalides 7) m.p. b.p. DH POF3, gas, colrl. 39 (p) 40 1218 ©1 107 602 POCl3 liq., colrl., toxic 56 192 460 POBr3, cr., colrl. POI3, cr., vlt. 50 ì ì POFCl2, POF2Cl ë gases, POCl2Br ë liq. colrl., POHal3, hyg., sol. in org. solv., +H2O ! H3PO4 + HHal; mol. ë dist. tetrah. (sp3), P=O 1.45
F O3
SO
; Cl 2 2
P2O5(t)
HS
HI
) ,t Pt ( 2
NH4F; HF (40%)
H2[PO3F], liq., colrl., d 1:8, K1 K2 10 5 ; + H2O ! HF + H3PO4 M2[PO3F], M = MI, NH4, Ca/2, cr., not hydr., anion ìtetrah. P ì O 1.51, P ì F 1.59 6)
PO2Cl, oil colrl., +H2O ! H2+HP2OCl2 (POCl2)2O, m.p. 16, b.p. 65
HPOF2, mol. ë dist. tetrah., P ì H 1.39, P ì F 1.54, P ì O 1.44
(PF2)2O, gas, b.p.
P2O5
NITROGENOUS DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHORUS 3+
5+ 100
H2[PO3(NH2)], cr., colrl., K1 10 3 , K2 10 8 , ! NH4PO3 + H2 ! (NH4)2HPO4 Ag2[PO3(NH2)]#; 210 450 Na2[PO3(NH2)] ! Na4[(PO3)2NH] ! Na6[(PO3)3N] PCl5
NH3 [HNPNH2], amido-imide NH3
NH3
NH3 (>125 , vac.)
P2S5
3 NH ) 0 5 (8
H2
N2; 700
PN N
! P4 + N2; insol. in ac., alk.; mol. PN ex. in gas, P ì N 1.49, m=2.75
POCl3
Li
0
70
>
800
Mg2[PN3], anionëchains of tetrah.
N:P=NH, imidonitride, ("phospham"), powd., wh., insol. in ac., alk., b-cristobalite str. type 400 , ÄÂÍ. ( NH3)
P:N, nitride, cr., yel.-brn.;
}
H2O
nitridophosphate
H[PO2(NH2)2], cr., colrl., pentabasic. ac., K1 10 5 cyclo-{ ¯n[ì PO2(NH)]}n, n = 3 ë 6, metaphosphimic ac., v. stab., sol. in H2O, NH O O 100 P OH HO P ! NH4PO3 (slow.), HN v. stab. at n = 4 NH P #M (liq. NH3 ) OH M2n[PO2N]n O Mn[-PO2NH]n
N:P(NH2)2, amidonitride, m. p. 162
P4N6, cr., colrl., insol. in ac., alk., iêam.
2
t
H2
N
P2(NH)3, imide
}
NH3 [HNP(NH2)3]
imido-
NH (CH 3 Cl ) 3
[NH 4 ]H2 P O4 (927 )
Li[PN2], cr., colrl., dec. 1000 , v. stab., insol. in ac., alk. 28)
P3N5, nitride, amorph,, wh., dec. 800 , insol. in ac., alk., org. solv., stab. + H2O(180 , p) ! H3PO4 + NH3 >700 ! P + N N:P(N3)2 = "PN7", azidonitride
PO(NH2)3, cr., colrl., slow. hydr., mol. ë dist. tetrah., P ì O 1.51, P ì N 1.66; [PO(NH2)(NH)]4, oxoamidoimide
; t(
H2O
NH3)
(PON)n, oxonitrides, wh., amorph. or cr., insol., involat. 1000 (vac.)
! P2O5 + PN; + NH3 ! P4ON6
26)
(NPX2)n, X = F, Cl, Br, SCN, NH2, R, n>3, phosphonitryle halides, -rhodanides, -amides, -alkyls etc. (phosphazenes) X=Cl, cr., colrl., insol in ac., alc., Cl Cl sol. in Et2O P 1.60 n m. p. b. p . N N Cl Cl 3 114 256 4 123 328 ² 102 ² 5 41 224 Cl N Cl 6 90 262 inaromatic syst. 7 18 ì 1 ì >250 at n = 3 ë planar cycle, n = 4 ë nonplanar ; 250 (polymerization) 12 08
[P(NH2)], amide
[P(NH2)5 V. unstab.
NH3 liq.
V. unstab.
NH3 liq.
PCl3
H2O
amido-
PCl5
N (
H
4C
H
l (t
Cl
)
,p )
transparent mass (linear polymer), "inorg. rubber" ; 350 (oligomerization)
chains ë [Cl4P(NHCl2)nCl] (NPCl2)n m L, L = SO3 (m = 3); HClO4 (m = 1, 2) (NPF2)3 (NPF2)4 (NPBr2)3 (NPBr2)4
m. p. 28 30 192 202
b. p. 52 120 ë ë
43
PHOSPHORUS IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 4+
5+
HNO3 (30%); HClO4 2O 2
H2O (H+, t)
H
H4P2O6 (hypophosphoric ac.), K1>10 2, K2=10 3, KMnO4 H3PO4, H2O H4P2O7, H2O orthophosphoric ac. K3=10 8, K4=10 10, ac. 2 ; t) pyrophosphoric (H 2 3 K1=10 , not Ox. weak Red. ( H3AsO3, known in s. only, Kac1=10 9, Kbas=10 14, pH 5 HNO3 (conc.)
570
rh., "valentinite", d = 5.75 m. p. 656, subl. 1570
H2O
(c
Sb2O3 n H2O#, wh., sol. in ac. and alk. SbO(OH) MOH (SbO)nX, oxosalts 19) Sb4O5(OH)ClO4 1.5 H2O [Sb(OH)SO4(H2O)]2 Sb4O4(OH)2(SO4), "klebelsbergite" Sb2O(SO4)2; Sb6O7(SO4)2 [H5O2]+Sb4O2(OH)(SO4)4 [(SbO)2(OH)(NO3)]2, disphenoid [:SbO4], c-tetrah. [:SbO3] and oct., SbO(H2PO4) H2O
M3En 20) Arsenides Antimonides (stibides) Bismuthides liq. As(OH)SO4 M2Bi4; MBi CsSb; M2Sb; Li3Sb2 As (p), Sb, Bi M3Bi, bl.-vlt. M3As, M = Li ë K M3Sb, M = Li ë K t M3As11 M4Sb7; M2Sb4; LiSb2, As(HSO4)3 SrAs3; Sr3As4; Ba3[As7]2 +H2O !MOH+EH3" gas Mg3Sb2; BaSb3; Ca16Sb11 Ca11Bi10 Ca3As2; CaAs2 t t Mg3As2; Cu3As2 Ca11Sb10; Ba3[Sb7]2; Mg3Bi2 E4 > 2 E2 > 4 E H2SO4 (conc.) H2O (surplus) E = As, Sb ZnSb; CdSb Zn3As2; ZnAs2 H 2S Bi2 > 2 Bi, +HCl ! EH3"+MCl; in str. [E7] clusters, rings, chains 2O M [As8] 2+, [As4] 2+, [Sb4] 4+, ex. in Sb(ClO4)3, 7 el. anal. of N2 AlSb AlAs, m.p. 1740 LnBi s., colrl., diamagn. 210 GaAs; InAs, m.p. 1238, GaSb ! SbO(ClO4) 2) 2+ (bl. due to [S ] impurity) 8 ) Sb 943, sphalerite str. type, InSb 2(SO4)3, needles, colrl., 3+ ë 0 9 SbH3 rapid [Bi5] [AlCl4]3 , m.p. 253 O2 ( H2O LnSb semiconduct.; LnAs; 2+ ë cool. [Bi8] [AlCl4]2 Fusible alloys of Bi (eutonics) Sb(NO3)3; Sb2(HPO3)3 + H2O ! AsH3" + . . . CsSnSb3, ex. in gas [Bi9] 5+Bi+[HfCl6]23 ë, cations ë SbPO4, stab. at 1200 Ba[Zn2As2], layers of Ca14AlSb11 30) Alloy compos., % m.p. [Bin] m+, n=3 (triangle), n=5 SbMO4, M = Ta, Nb, [ZnAs4/4] tetrah. Sn Pb Bi (trig. bipyr.), n=8 (square anti"stibiotantalite", Ag, Zn, Cd, TiAs; ZrAs; NiAs, NiAs Ti4Sb 16.5 51.5 - In ë 32.5 60.5 (Fild's met.) prism) and n=9 (three-cap trig. 1) SbCl3 "columbite" prism), Bi ì Bi 3.1 ë 3.9 Pb, Sn, Fe ë str. type, "red Ni pyrite" TiSb; CoSb; NiSb 25 12.5 12.5 - Cd 50 71 (Wood's met.) Ni do not ("breithauptite"), FeAs; CoAs ì 20 30 50 92 form VAs;CrAs,MnPstr.type; NiAs str. type. As2S3# , yel., SP=10 29, cr., Sb2S3#, orange, SP=10 30, As4S4, glass or cr., orange, m.p. 320, 30-Hg 6 28 36 48 bismuthides V5As3; FeAs2, "l ollingite" TiSb2; CoSb2; NiSb2, golden, m. p. 310, b. p. 723, cr., grey, m. p. 560, b.p. 565, sol. in M2S 14-Hg ì 57 29 melts under friction 2.49 U3Bi4, PtBi2, FeAsS, "arsenopyrite" NiSbS, "ullmannite" DH 96, sol. in b. p. 1160, DH 158, sol. in and NaHCO3; 25-Sb 15 60 ì Type-metal alloy ("mispickel") Cu3Sb, Cu2Sb Au2Bi ë (NH4)2CO3, HNO3; conc. HCl (t); As4S4 ë in str. and gas, 3 2 Cu3As2# intermet. +OH ! [ES O ] ; +S ! [ES3]3 ; +S2n ! anal. of S N (but S L n 3 n 4 4 Bi[Co(CO)4]3 + V 3 a comp. Cu 2+ As(HgCl)3#, brn. [E S ] and E at. exchanged Zintl polyanions N 4 BiIr3(CO)9, "antimonite", rh. their places: As4 ë tetrah., S4 ë square); "orpiment", monocl. # HgCl2 [Na2L4]Bi4 EH3 clusters tetrah. 4) HgCl2 bands of c-tetrah. [:ES3] "realgar"; [Na3L4]Sb7 Hg3As2#, blk. 3 O in gas As4S6 mol., str. anal. +KOH ! As# + KAsO2+ K3AsS3 [Na3Ln]As11, Ag3E 3 AgNO3 = [EAg6] 3+(NO3)3 , cr., yel. AgN (CO)n BiHal3 of P4O6, Bi4S4 100 ! As4S3, AsS2 1) L = En, cryptand 30) NaM hn-Vis.
(ac eto ne)
Ag NO 3
2.33
Salt-like
E CN =3+3
in gas ë mol. E4O6 ! E2O3
9.80 271 1564
sol. in alk. (t) +0.23 +0.24 E0 E3+/E +0.30 sld met. conductivity (increases from As to Bi) a- hex. (rhombohedral), blk. P str. ë like a 4.12 4.50 4.75 a 54.1 57.1 57.2 CN 3 (= 8 ë 5) E ì E 2.78 3.18 3.64 between layers 3.33 3.36 3.53 # subl. in atm. H2" " 270 (As) b-, powd., blk. amorph. or mirror stab. in air d 4.7 ë 5.1 5.3 > 80 ( SbH3) g-, cr., yel., wax-like, d=1.97, dec. 358, sol. in CS2, volat. with H2O vapour, v. react. (oxidised in air), In str. As4 mol., contains tetrah., As ì As 2.44 10% SbH3
221
monocl., "claudetite", d=4.29 m.p. 315, b.p. 465 gauffer layers of c-tetrah. [:EO3/2]
m oleu
Covalent
#
l 3; ; AlC 6F 2 l 3+ S 2O BiC 2O 8+ S K 2 O 3F HS
Metal-like
Sb2O3# cr. cub., colrl. m.p. 278, DH 665, sol. in H2O DH 707, sol. in HCl, HNO3, ( 2%), "arsenolite", d = 3.87 alk.; "senarmontite", d = 5.58 mol. E4O6 in site of diamond [str. anal. of P4O6;]
(t) ;K CN
6s
As Sb met. grey, brittle d 5.72 m.p. 817/36 105 PÂ b.p. 615, subl.
5p ;
E2S3
As2O3, glass or
2.2
2; H 2O
;:
4d ;
4
HCl
Bi0
5s
;
SO H2
MIAsH2, M = Li ë K, cr. yel., dec. 0 (Li), 10 (Na), 80 (K) ( ! H2 + MAsI) HAs(HgCl)2#, cr. yel. KSbH2, stab. tetr., in str. 35) frame of tetrah. and oct.
135
BiO(OH) ! Bi(OH)3;, wh., sol. in ac. and conc. alk.
Sb2O5;, cr. yel., frame of oct. with common edges and vertices,
As2O5, glass colrl., hyg., dec. 400,
E2°4=EIIIEVO4, 24) AsO2 SbO2;, colrl.
230
t
Bi2O3, cr. yel., > brn., "bismite", d = 8.2 ë 8.9, m.p. 824 (rh.), 860 (tetr.), b.p. 1890, DH = 577, sol. in ac.; Bi2O3 meltdissolv.Pt;a-,monocl. 729 ! d-,cube, m.p.824; cool. ! 43) b-, tetr. + g-, cube ì metastab.; for all forms frame of oct. 150
5+
KClO3
Bismuthates (V) 38) NaBiO3;, cr. yel. KBiO3, red-vlt. Ba(BiO 3 ) 2 4 H 2 O, orange AgBiO3 ;, blk. M 3 BiO 4 ; Li 5 BiO 5 , anions oct. Li7BiO6, ionic conduct., [BiO6] oct.
M Bi2O3
O2
+
2
550 HSb(PO4)2 4 H2O M[Sb(PO4)2], 41) M = Li ë Cs
M2[AsO3(OOH)] M2[As2O4(O2)F2]
)
M3[AsO3S]; M3[AsOS3];10) Na3[AsO2S2] 11 H2O M3AsS4, M = Na , NH4, Cu/2 ("luzonite"), colrl., anion tetrah.
Sb2S5 (?)#, orange cr., dec. 170 12)
(t) O2
S2 H+
40)
M3[SbS4], M = Na ( 9 H2O, Schlippe salt), K ( 4.5 H2O), cr. vlt., anion ë tetrah.
47
ARSENIC, ANTIMONY AND BISMUTH HALIDES AND OXOHALIDES
+
ë
[AsF2] [SbF6] [AsCl2]+[SbCl6] ë
As+AsI3
6 16 33 146
63 130 221 403
858 22) 2.81 MHal 336 1.97 201 ì 67 ì
cath. Red .)
nc
Cl
o (c
H
Sb2S3 Bi al 3;
BiH
aq
.re
gia
m.p.
b.p.
SbF3, cr. colrl. 292 319, subl. 916 73 233 382 SbCl3, cr. colrl. 289 260 97 SbBr3, cr. colrl. 171 401 100 SbI3, cr. red SbHal3 (Hal = F ë Br) isostr. to YF3; SbI3 isostr. to PI3. SbHal3 sol. in ROH, bz., Diox; n L, L = Dipy, C6H6, C10H8 ë p-compl.
3) M[SbF4]; Na2SbF5; KSb2F7; Li3Sb2F9; NaSb3F10; K[F(:SbF3)4]; K3Sb4F15; Na3Sb5F18; anion ë -trig. bipyr. (disphenoid) or oct. M4Sb4F16, anion [:SbF3F2/2] ring M[SbCl4]; M2[SbCl5]; M3[SbCl6]; Cs4SbCl7; Cs5SbCl8; M3Sb2Cl9; Cs5Sb2Cl11; M7Sb3Cl16 Tl2Sb3Cl11, anion oct., -oct. RbSbBr4;K2Sb2Br9;M3SbBr6,oct.
BiOF; Bi7O9F3; Bi3O4F; Bi13O19F BiOCl; Bi4O5Cl2; Bi3O4Cl; Bi12O17Cl2; Bi24O31Cl10 BiOBr; Bi12O15Br6; Bi3O4Br; Bi12O17Br2; Bi24O31Br10 BiOI; Bi5O7I, str. [Bi10O14]2n+ columns, Bi CN 7, 8 n and 9. Str. of other oxohalides: HalBiOBiHal... 6+ 29) layers (in BiOHal) or [Bi12O15] of c-oct. BiSHal, BiSeHal, Hal = Cl ë I, Bi CN 8 H+
Cl 2 Hg 2
m.p. 163; ! Bi + BiCl3; Bi6Cl7; Bi2[GaHal4]2; Bi24Br28, semiconduct. BiI, m.p. 318 with dec. Bi7I2; Bi9I2 1) Bi10I3, m.p. 295
As
O3
+
F2
2
m.p.
b.p.
DH
BiF3;, cr. grey 727 900 899 BiCl3, cr. wh., 234 447 379 darkening in light BiBr3, cr. yel. 219 461 260 BiI3;, cr. brn., 408 439 109 2 sol. in I , S2O3 , 3 AsO3 presence. In gas [:BiHal3] c-tetrah., in ion str. BiF3 and BiCl3 (YF3 type) Bi CN 8+1, in BiBr3 (a- and b-): dist. oct.; BiI3 isostr. to FeCl3, BiCl3 n L, L = NO, NO2, NOCl
7) MBiF4, struct. [BiF9] grs. K2BiF5; K3BiF6; KBi2F7; KBi3F10 MBiCl4; M2[BiCl5]; M3BiCl6; Cs4BiCl7; Rb3Bi2Cl9; Rb7Bi3Cl16; M2Bi2Cl8, anion 2 c-oct. with common edge M2BiBr5; M3BiBr6; Cs3Bi2Br9 M4[Bi2Br10] 4 H2O; M7[BiBr6][Bi2Br10], anions ë oct. or c-oct. KBiI4; HBiI4 4 H2O; M3[Bi2I9] Rb5I(I3)[BiI6]
SbF4 = 2+ [SbVF6]2 [SbIII 2 F4] Sb11F43 = 5+ F [SbVF6]5 , [SbIII 13] 6 cation chain of 2 completed and 3 [:SbF3] c-tetrah. M2[SbVF6][(SbIIIF2) (SbVF6)2] 8) Sb2F4Cl5 [SbCl4], brn. s.
M2SbCl6, M = Rb, Cs, blk., diamagn.; +H2O ! M3[SbCl6]+ +M[SbCl6] M2SbBr6, blk., diamagn., isostr. to K2PtCl6, [SbIIIHal6] and [SbVHal6]
5+ AsO2Cl, cr. colrl., insol. in org. solvs. AsOF3, g. colrl., m.p. 68, b.p. 26 (AsOF3)n, powd., wh., hyg. AsOCl3, cr. colrl., dec. 25 ! (As2O3Cl4)n 32)
M2AsO3F; MAsO2F2 MAsOF4, M = K ë Cs, anion [As2O2F8]: 9) 2 oct. with common edge [O2] M2[(AsF5)2O], M[AsF5(OH)], anion oct.
AsF5, g. colrl., v. hyg., m.p. 80, b.p. 53 DH 1066, mol. trig. bipyr. (sp3 d), strong F- acceptor 15) AsCl5, ex. in ³l2 s. at t 4 50
M[AsF6], M = MI, [NF4], [AsCl4], [SCl3], [ClF4], [ClO2], [IO2], [IF6], [XeF], [Xe2F3], anion oct., resist to hydr. M2AsF7 M[AsCl6], M = [PCl4], [Et4N], cr., orange
42) [AsF4]+[PtF6] ë [AsCl4]+X ë, X = PCl6, AlCl4, AsF6, SbF6 [AsBr4]+X ë; [AsI4]+X ë, unstab.
Hal2; E BrF5
(SbOF3)n; SbO2F SbO2Cl; SbOCl3;, yel., hyg., insol. in org. solvs.;+ H2O ! Sb2O5 n H2O;
MSbOF4 M2Sb2OF10,M[SbF5(OH)], Na[SbF4(OH)2], H[SbF6 ë n(SO3F)n], n=0ë3
:HO
16)
2
m.p.
b.p.
(SbF5)n, oil colrl., visc., 8.3 149 ì weakly hyg. 3 102/vac. SbCl5, liq. colrl. SbBr5 (?) ì ì DH SbF5 = 439,dissolv.S,Se,Te;v.strong F - acceptor; SbCl5 ë strong Cl - agent. In liq. (SbF5)n (n 5 10) chains of [SbF4F2/2] oct., instr. tetramers of cis-[SbF4F2/2] oct., 11) in gas [SbF3F2/2]3 cycles. t SbHal5 ! :SbHal3 + Hal2; equ. ax. + H2O ! SbOHal3 + 2 HHal equ. ax. SbCl5 L, L = NOCl, POCl3, SO2, mol. oct.
M[SbF6]; M[Sb2F11], M = MI, [NF4], [AsCl4], [S16]/2, [SF3], [H2F], [Cl3], [HalF2], [HalF4], [XeF3], [XeF5], [XeOF3], [Xe2F11], anions 17) oct. or 2 oct. with common vertex M[Sb3F16], M = [PF4], [Br2], anion chain of 3 oct., [SbF4F2/2]-trans in the centre M2[SbF7]; H3[SbF8], Sb CN 7 and 8 [BrF4]+[Sb7F36] ë HSbCl6 3 H2O, cr. grn., hyg.; [H14O6][SbCl6]2 M[SbCl6], M = MI, [SCl3], [NO], [ICl2], [PyH] M[(SbCl5)2X], X = F, CN, N3 H[SbBr6] 3 H2O; M[SbBr6], oct. 14,16) Cs[SbI6]
[SbF4]+[SO3F] ë; [SbCl4]+X ë, X = SbF6, SO4/2, Hal 44) Sb(OTeF5)6
E2O3
SbF(NO3)4; SbF3(NO3)2 BrF
Bi
); 00 ) (5 350 F2 F3 ( Cl
Bi24Cl28 (& "BiCl") = III III 2ë 2ë [Bi9]5+ 2 [Bi Cl5]4 [Bi2 Cl8] cr. brn., hyg.,
MBi3O4Cl2 LiBi2O3Cl BaBiO2Cl
H2O 31)
300
DH
MHal
( 5 0 )
SbCl n , n43, exp. Sb, graphite-like mass, exp. at friction, d=5.8, in str. ë at. Sb, [SbCl] 2+ , [SbCl2]+, Cl
M[AsF4], M = K ë Cs, [SCl3], c-trig. bipyr., KAs2F7 = K[AsF4][AsF3], 22) [SCl3]+[AsF3Cl] ë KAsCl4
8 ) O3 ( 7 C AsHal3 and SbHal3 hyg., sol. in Et2O, AsCl3 (e = 13) dissolv. S, P; melthed SbHal3 l2 ( 105 readily dissolv. MHaln; AsHal3+ H2O > As(OH)3 + HHal (rate of hydr. ,U H2O V) F 4 Cl>Br>I); SbHal3 + H2O > Sb(OH)nHal3 n + HHal ! SbOHal;; SbCl3 sol. in ¯2° *80%; in str. and gas: [:EHal3] mol. c-tetrah., EI3 ë layered polymers, isostruct. to FeCl3
25) Sb3O2F5; SbOF Sb3O4F SbOCl;; Sb4O5Cl2;; Sb8O11Hal2, Sb4O5Br2;; Hal = Cl ë I Sb5O7I Sb3O4I; c-tetrah., trig. bipyr. and Hal , SbEHal, E = S ë Te, Hal = ³l ë I, semiconduct.
E Hal2
48
m
F3
; H2O
DH
Br
As2I4, cr. dark red, m.p. 136 (dec.),
b.p.
+
AsF3, liq. colrl. AsCl3, liq. colrl. AsBr3, cr. colrl. AsI3, cr. red
"4+"
m.p.
M F
3+
H2
BiF5, needles, colrl., m.p. 151, b.p. 230, v. strong Fagent, in a-UF5 str. ë chains of trans-[BiF4F2/2] oct. 17)
3
MF + F2 (p); [NH4]BF4
K[BiOF4] BaBiO2Cl LiBi2O3Cl MBi3O4Cl2
M[BiF6], M = Li ë Cs, Mg ë Ba/2, [BrF2], [O2], [H3O], [XeF3], NF4 17) + H2O ! O2 + H2O2 + . . .
49
50 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_16, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
51
NIOBIUM, TANTALUM, PROTACTINIUM
;
:;
6p
6d
6d
5f
7s
; 2
1
:;
1.3 1.1
PaO, élm at the met. surface, NaCl str. type, Pa ì O 2.48
2
or 5f 6d 7s
Nb
231 91 Pa
!...
1.83+ Nb6I11 = [Nb6I8]I3, cr. blk., [Nb6I8]3+ ë oct., [Nb6] cluster, enclos. with a cube of 8 I at.
PaF4
2.33+ 4) M6Hal14 = =[M6Hal10Hal2/2]Hal3, M=Nb,Ta,Hal=Cl ë I, cr. dark brn., stab. in air; t ! M + MHal4 , [M6Hal12]X2 8 H2O, X = Hal (cr., grn.), OH (blk.), stab. in air, diamagn.
2.41
;P
b;
1)
subl.
>300
+H
Cd
(t)
2.67+ 4) Nb3Cl8, blk-grn. Nb3Br8, blk., hydr., subl. 400 NbHal3.13; Nb3I8 TaBr2.83 Ta
MHal5
2
NbF3;, 5) bl.-blk., NbF3.13 Nb2Cl6 n L, L = Me2S, PR3 NbI3,blk.
TaF3;, TaCl3+x, grn., strong. Red ; >440 TaCl5 + Ta6Cl14 TaBr3+x, grey-grn. 4) TaI3 t ( NbI5)
(2.33 ë 2.67)+ Kn[(Nb6Hal12)Hal6], n = 2, 3, 4, Nb ì Nb 2.97 ë 3.02 M[(Ta6Cl12)(H2O)6]Hal4 (Me4N)2[Ta6Cl12(OH)6] 21 H2O [Nb 6Cl12 ]n+ , oct. [Nb6 ] ë cluster is surrounded by cubooct. of 12 Cl at., M ì M 2.85 (Nb), 2.88 (Ta), M ì Cl 2.41 (Nb), 2.44 (Ta) Nb(C5H5)2, ex. in s.
52
2.5+ Nb2F5 = = [Nb6F12]F3, ReO3 str. type Ta2Hal5 ;, Hal = Cl, Br, cr., blk.
Nb
29)
HF
2.7+ [Ta6Cl12(OH)4(H2O)9] 10 H2O
Nb Hal
#t
cr., red, tetr.
M2TaCl5, M = K ë Cs, red
! NbCl3 + NbCl5; + H2O ! bl. s. NbBr4, cr. brn. 502 NbI4, cr. grey 264 In NbHal4 str. chains of dist. oct., diamagn. 27)
MIINbF6, meff=1.15 K3NbF7, m.p. 840, isostr.toK3NbOF6, anion pentag. bipyr. 16) M2NbCl6, M4[Nb(CN)8] 6,22)
Nb
y(
P
3.8
MHal5
TaOCl2, TaOBr2 31) M2TaCl6, PaOHal2, TaOI2, blk. cr., Hal = Cl ë I 30) vlt. graphite-like TaCl4, cr. blk.-grn., hyg., subl. 300,
4)
210
H 320
707; +NbCl5
! TaCl5 + NbCl4 TaBr4, H 52:5 TaI4, cr. blk., m.p. 398, isostr. NbI4 TaCl2I2, chains of [TaI4/2Cl2] oct.
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_17, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
l 2)
Ha
Py
[MHal4Py2],Hal=Cl ë I,cr. grn. or red (2 forms), paramagn.
> TaCl3 + TaCl5; 5)
Nb
3.1
300
4)
l5
Synthesis of Pa 230 231 90 Th(n, g) 90 Th b!
NbBr2 NbI2, blk.
PaCl5 PaI5
PaO2+n, cr. bl., sol. only in HF, CaF2 str. type H 1029
bC
1.18 m., 6.75 h.
!
.)
NbOCl2, NbOI2, cr. blk., dec. 500, chains of oct., diamagn.
ì NbF4, cr. blk., + H2O ! NbO2F; 3.7+ ! NbF5 + Nb2F5; K4[H5O2][Nb3O2(SO4)6(H2O)3] 5 H2O, dist. str. perovskite, [Nb3] cluster ë triangle NbCl4, needles, blk.-vlt., 275 DH = 694;
HC l (80 0 )
Ba ( 1500 )
´Â°2 (?), cr., blk.-brn.
N
234 ! 234Pa* b ! 92 U b ,g 91 ,g
vac
3.3+ NaNb3O5F
85
3.2810 y.
H2
MC, cr. grey, with met. lustre, subl. >3000, m.p. 3500 (Nb), 3900 (Ta), NaCl str. type, Ox >800 NbH1 ë x, x = 0 ë 0.3; TaH0.9, sld. s. inculcat., dec. >600 , sphalerite str. type, met.-like substs., insol. in aq. regia. Sld. s. of the limit comp. PaH3, cr. blk., cube.
2.
4
238 234 92 U ! 90 Th a
(t,
Ferroniobium, 23 ë 75% Nb and Ta; 10 ë 11.5% Si; 7% Ti; 7% Al; 0.15% P; 400, m.p. 680, b.p. 850, UCl4 str. type, 22) H 1045 PaBr4, H 863
M H2 Nb12O29 Nb22O54 Nb25O62, stab. phases
(4 ë 5)+ MxNbO3, bronzes, M = Na ë Ba BaxTaO3
O2
5+(d 0)
26) Nb2O5 ë n n0.54 Ta2O5 cr. colrl., diamagn., sol. in conc. HF not Red with M not Red with ¯2 DH 1903 2055 a-, rh., ´Â CN 7 (pentag. bipyr.)
®2CO3 7)
Pa2O5
1.74
Niobates, tantalates (V) 13) [M6O19]8ë [R4N]8H4Nb12O36 28 H2O [M6] oct. is Na14Nb12O37, sol. in ¯2° (Ó¯5!) surrounded by 74 1. [R4N]6[Nb10O28] n H2O, [O6], ë oct. with # 830 # 1320 t# isostr. to [V10O28]6 1 at. O at centre and b-monocl., m.p. 1490, b-monocl., m.p. 1872, cube, 2.01 Rb4Ta10O27; K3Nb7O19 12 at. at the oct. and tetrah., oct. and m.p. M8[M6O19] n H2O, M = K (n = 12 ë 16), middles of edges Nb ì O 1.98 and 1.83 pentag. bipyr. layers, 1800 Li#, Na#, v. strongly hydr., not oligomerised. ´Â ì ° 1.71 ë 2.38 NbO2(ClO4) NbO(ClO4)3 2ë 3ë Rb4M6O17; K7[M5O16] n H2O, n = 10 ë 32; Cs3Ta5O14; KTa5O13 [NbOF ] [NbOF ] 5 6 Nb2O4(SO4); Nb2O3(SO4)2 CaTa4O11; KM3O8; NaNb3O8 H2O; Ca2Ta2O7 H2O 4) 500 Nb5O11Cl3 Sn(Nb,Ta)2O7, "thoreaulite", (Y,U)(Nb,Ti)2O6, "euxenite" Rb[NbO(SO ) ], layers of 4 2 Nb3O7Cl, cr., bl. Nb2O5 n H2O# Ta2O5 n H2O# Pa(OH)5#, KMO3 (meta-), perovskite type str., ferroelectrics [O=Nb(SO4)5] oct., Nb=O NbO2Hal, Hal = F ë I wh., gelatinous, sol. in conc. HF and alk. not reacts. (FeII,MnII)[MO3]2, "columbite" (M = Nb), "tantalite" (® = ´Â) 1.73, Nb ì O 1.96 ë 2.26 8 15 10 13 (Cl ë yel., I ë red) Kac 1=10 and Kbas 1=10 10 and 10 with alk., MOH (20) (Na,Ce,Ca,Sr)[(Nb,Ti)O3], "loparite" [Ta : Nb = 1 : (12 ë 20)] M[Nb2(OH)2(PO4)3] n H2O M2CO3 HNb3O8, isostr. to Nb3O7F HTa3O8 CaNa(MO3)2F, M = Nb ("pyrochlore"), ´Â ("microlite") M3[NbO(C2O4)3]; 9) 100 HNbO3 = [H3O]Nb3O8 HTaO3 17) K3MO4 (ortho-) Cs[NbO(P2O7)] 25) Nb2O(SO4)4 MIIITaO4, MIII = Y ("formanite"), Sb ("stibiotantalite"), NbO(NO3)3 Cs[Nb(ClO4)6] Bi ("bismutotantalite"), Al ("simpsonite"); K5MO5; Li7NbO6 TaO(ClO ) ; TaO(NO ) ; 4 3 3 3 NbO(PO4) = NbPO5, CsTaO(ClO4)4 +HNO3 Niobate and tantalate struct. ë condenced tetrag. pyram., oct., Nb2O5 TaO(PO4) str. units of 2 [NbO6] oct. 14) (ion dodecah. or pentag. bipyr. and [PO4] tetrah. exchange) CaNaNb2O6F, "pyrochlore" HC Cs2Ta(ClO4)7; K5(NbO3)4F; NaNbO2F2 Cl lO Ta(ClO4)5; Ta2(SO4)5; CsTa(ClO4)6 2O 4 M3[NbOF6] 7 Ta(SO3F)5; Ta(TeOF5)5; CsTa(PO4)2; M2[NbOF5] n H2O, M = K 20) H[MO4] n H2O, Ta3(PO4)5# Nb(ClO4)5; Nb3(PO4)5 KTa(PO3)2(P2O7) (sol. in H2O is 11 times > cr., yel. (Nb) colrl. than that of K2Ta2O3F6) (Ta), dec. >100; 20, 30) 23) method of separation Nb ë Ta Ta3O7Hal, Hal = F, Cl (t) K2Ta4O9F4 MPa(NO3)6, NbOF3 + H2SO4 ! 350 according to Marignac, TaO2X, X = F ë I, ClO4 K3Ta4O8F7 M = MI, H, NbOCl3, cr. colrl., subl. 335; ! 24) ! M O 2 5 n H2O; anion dist. oct. KTaO2F2 NbCl5 + Nb2O5; chains of coupled colrl., unstab. M[NbOF ], chains of 4 M2Ta2O3F6 PaO(NO3)3 n H2O, H2SO4 (dil.) [NbCl2Cl2/2O2/2] oct. with common TaOF3, DH 1297 trans-[NbO2/2F4] oct., Nb at. (2 K2TaF7 Ta2O5), n=1ë4 edge V H[PaO (SO )] , amorph., wh., TaOCl K [M (O2)4] n H2O, 2 4 3 3 displaced from equ. plane Marignac salt NbOBr3, yel., subl., isostr. to NbOCl3, ) ] H[PaO(SO v. hyg., DH 891, dist. dodecah. 4 2 at 0.23 M2TaOF5; BaTaOF9 NbOI3, ruby-red, 150 ! NbOI2 + I2 327 (at. Nb displaced M2[NbOCl5]; M[NbOCl4], " 400 ! Ta2O5 + TaCl5 PaOCl3, cr., colrl. K3[TaOF6], from equ. plane) anion tetr. pyram. H3[PaO(SO4)3] TaOBr3, cr., yel., PaOBr3, Pa CN 7 (pentag. anion ë single-cap H3[PaO(SeO4)3] CN 7 (pentag. bipyr.) DH 853 bipyr.), Pa ì Br 2.91 (equ.), oct. (d 5sp) (NH4)3[M(O2)2F4], TaOI3, DH 723 2.6 (ax.), Pa ì O 2.14 ë 2.27 21) 11) anion ë oct. HF H O 2 Pa2OF8 = (F4Pa)2O, colrl., MNbF6, M = H, m.p. b.p. DH 9) isostr. U2F9, Pa CN 9 K ë Cs, [BrF2], [O2] MTaF6, M = K, Ta2O5 C+C l2 ; [SeF3]+[Nb2F11] ë, anion [O2], [XeF5], [Xe2F11], SOC NbF5, cr. colrl., 80 23 1812 l2 ; A KPaF6, Pa CN 8 10) lCl3 2 oct. with common H ( n H2O) ì ì NbCl4F, yel. 15) m.p. subl. DH K 2PaF7#, insol. in M2[TaF7];, vertex, Nb ì F 1.8 ë 2.0 NbCl5, colrl. cr., 205 254 797 t m.p. b.p. DH 5% HF, in str. chains M = H, K ë Cs M2NbF7;, anion single183 ! yel. PaF5, colrl. ì 500 2190 of [PaF9] gr. M TaF5, colrl. 97 230 1903 K3[TaF8], m.p. 780, cap trig. prism (d 5sp), NbBr5, red 268 362 556 2H O;, M3PaF8, anion cube 2 F 214 ì ì TaCl anion ë antiprism Nb ì F 1.8 4 , bronze 320 ì 426 NbI 5 O 4) M; H2 PaCl5, yel.-grn. 301 160 1143 M4[PaF9], Pa CN 9 TaCl5, colrl. 217 239 858 MTaCl6, M=Na ë Cs, K3NbF8; MNbCl6 dec. MPaCl6, yel. PaBr5, orange 317 ì 863 266 349 598 TaBr5, yel. anion ë oct. Hal M3PaCl8, PaI5, blk. 300 ì 496 543 489 TaI5, blk. K[M(OR)6] 33, 34) N] M = [NO], [R 4 subl. PaCl5 ë chains of pentag. bipyr. 2092
1.9
HF (45%)
CBr
4;
SOC
H 2O 2 t) (ë O 2;
l2 Nb+
I2
N
2O 5
H2SO4 (t; p)
2.09
2.08
5
+
ë
[NbF4] [SbF6] , cr. subl. 40, zigzag chains of [NbF2/2F4] oct. and separate [SbF6] oct. 8)
MHal5, cr., volat., hyg., sol. in Et2O, POCl3, liq. NH3; + H2O ! M2O5 x H2O 19) MF5 ë str. anal. of (MoF5)4; str. of other ®Hal5 ë dimers (2 oct. with common edge), in g. ë (MF5)3 ë planar cycle of oct., MHal5 ë trig. bipyr. (d 3sp) ®Hal5 L, L = NH3, Et2O, POCl3, NOCl, NO
NbO(NCS)3 NbO(NH2)3 [M(NCS)5]2, red-brn.
K[M(NCS)6], dark-bl. (Nb), orange (Ta)
53
VANADIUM, NIOBIUM, TANTALUM AND PROTACTINIUM IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 2+
3+
5+
4+
+
[O=V(H2O)5]2+, "vanadyl" HCl ( Cl2); H ( H2O); pH < 1 cis-[VO2(H2O)n]+, red, v. strong Ox [V(H2O)6]2+, vlt., H2O ( H2) [V(H2O)6]3+, bl.-grn., O2 ion, bl., paramagn. (d 1), dist. H2O2( O2) paramagn. paramagn. (d 2), oct. H+ H2O ( H+) K = 10 7 (d 3, 3 unpair e), (d 2sp 3), v. strong Red [H:]; Sn2+ oct. (V=O 5 V ì OH2), Pt; EtOH; [H:]; C2O24 ; [H:]; cath. Red 2+ most stab. of other Vn+ oct. (d 2sp 3) ion, orange, frame of 10 H6V10O28, strong ac. NH2OH; Sn ; I HClO4 :; H2O strongest Red dist. [VO6] oct. [VO(O2)3]3 ë, 1 ë 3.5 [H2V10O28] 4 ë, K = 10 4 H2O ;: H+ 2+ [V(OH)(H2O)5]2+, brn. 2 + MnO4 ; Cr2O7 ; + [VO(O with common edges, H O V + 2)(H2O)n] , 2 2 OH ;: H [VO(OH)(H2O)4] O2 , V H+ :; H2O O2 (pH>2.5) + 5ë 6 red-brn. v. strong Ox agent [ V H OH 3.5 ë 6 [HV10O28] , K = 10 O] 2+ OH ;: H+ {O[V(H2O)5]2}4+, brn. 4.66+ ; H+ OH ;: H+ O2 2+ V O (OH) ;, 6 ë + VO + O2 3 5 4 VO(OH)2;, yel. 6ë7 [V10O28] H :; OH O2 blk. + OH ;: H V(OH)3;, grn.-brn. V(OH)2;, brn. (conc. solns.) OH ;: H+ V2O5 n H2O;, orange O2 [(VO)2(OH)5] ë (="[V4O9(H2O)5]2 ") pH < 6.8 4) yel. [V3O9(H2O)n]3 ë, tri- (meta-), 6 ë 8.5 (3 ë n) ë , (dil. solns.) cycles (?), colrl. H2O2 [HnVO2(O2)2] yel. OH ;: H2O (t) V CN 5 (tetr. pyram. 2 ë 5) {HOV(O2)2]2O} [V2O6(OH)]3 ë, di- (pyro-), HNO3 ; aq.regia or trig. bipyr.) 8.5 ë 11 colrl. OH ;: H2O, K = 1011 8.5 ë 13.5 H+, K 108 [V(O2)4]3 ë, [VO3(OH)]2 ë>[VO2(OH)2] ë colrl., diamagn. H2O2 bl.-vlt. OH (d 0) tetrah. >13.5 OH ;: H2O; K=1012 (d 3s) 1) [VO4]3 ë, ortho-
}
:;
}
Nb
HF + HNO3 ( NO
3.66+ [Nb6O3(SO4)12]8 ë, bl., ex. in s.
2.17+ [Nb6Cl12]+, grn., stab. in HCl s., oct. cluster
O2
[H:]; cath.
H2O)
H2O
[NbF6] ë > [NbOF5]2 ë > [NbOF6]3 ë oct. HF (>35%) dist. single-cap oct. ions, colrl. HF
Red (H 2 SO
4)
H+ 12 ë
(pH 5 ë 6) HF + HNO3 ( NO
Ta
[Ta6Cl12]+, grn., oct. cluster
H2O)
2
:; OH
OH [M(O )n](2n ë 5) ë, 8ë >[Nb > [Nb4O12(OH)4]8 ë H2O2 M = 2Nb 6O19] (yel.), H+ H+ 2) Ta (colrl.) (pH 8.8 ë 14) (pH > 14) OH
HF
I2
H2O (t,
:; OH
Ta2O5 n H2O;, wh., Kac = 10
H2)
H+
Ta(OH)3;, grn.
8ë
:; OH
10
, Kbas = 10
F
Pa
54
13
[Ta6O19] , colrl. ion, not reduced F
[PaF6] ë > [PaF7]2 ë > [PaF8]3 ë H+ ( H2)
15
[TaF8]3 ë, antiprism [TaOF6]3 ë, single-cap oct.
TaCl3 n H2O (?), grn. s., v. strong Red OH
:; H O
Nb2O5 n H2O;, wh., Kac = 10 3, Kbas = 10
[Nb12O36]
cath. Red
}
Pa4+, strongest Red., stab. as a compl. 3) with SO24
F 2+
Zn/Hg; Cr
H2O; O2
:; H O
3)
2
[Pa(OH)n(H2O)m](5 ë n)+, hydr. polymer ions, form coll. particles, sorbed on prec. and glass; tendency to complexation F > IO3 > SO24 > Cl
CARBON HALIDES 1+ Acetylenedihalides m. p. b. p. Hal ì C:C ì Hal ì 76 C2F2, gas ³2Cl2, liq., exp. 64 32 C2Br2, liq., 23 76 +O2 ! exp. C2I2, cr., colrl. 82 ì (dec.)
KF
Na2C2
Cl2
H
Ethylenetetrahalides Hal Hal C=C Hal Hal C2F4, gas, colrl., insol. in H2O, org. solv.
11 82 231 322 316 subl. 350 ì (dec.)
600
#
m.p.
b.p.
142
76
Zn
Cl 2
ì 121 subl.
NO
] F6 ) ] [E O 2 [O 2 F 6; (W X) NO
(C2F4)n , "teêon", dec. 450, ì does not react. with Na, org. solv. C2Cl4, liq., colrl. 22 C2I4, cr., yel. 187
(
Ha
¯
l2
l(
(p,
Ethanehexahalides Hal3³ ì ³Hal3 C2F6, gas, colrl. C2Cl6, cr., colrl. ³2Br6, cr., colrl. t)
H2O
H2O (p, t)
HCOOH, strong Red, K 10 4 H+
OH
[HCOO] ë, weak. Red., ion ë triangle
[ì COOH]2, K1=10 1, K2=10 5, Red. H+
MnO 4
F Br
5
m.p.
b.p.
CF4, gas, colrl.
184
128
CF2Cl2, gas, colrl., "freon-12" CCl4, liq., toxic CBr4, cr., yel. CI4, cr., red.
155
30
23 94 171
77 189 90
CO2" "# H2O (slow., pH58) H2CO3, K1 10 7 "# CO23 ë + H2O [HCO3] ë, K2=10 11; pH 8 H+"# OH ë (immed.) [CO3]2 ë, triangle, pH > 8
C ì Hal 1.32 1.74 1.92
(alc.)
OS
DH
C ì Hal
223 ì
{
32 + 20 + 73 (subl.)
1.32 1.34 1.74 1.77 1.94 2.12
CF4 ë nCln, "freons", solv. O3, fats, pitch; not hydr., passiv., not burn., mol. ë tetrah. (sp3), stab. CF4 4 CCl4 4 CBr4 4 CI4
O , the most strong ac. OH
CF3COOH, liq., colrl., m. p. 15, b. p. 72, K 1, e = 8.5 CF3COOM, toxic ìììììì *) Indicated in parentheses b.p.
4+
HgCl2( Hg2Cl2#); Ag+
F2
SiC
13) Compounds of CF3 [CF3]X, X=I (b. p. 22)*, ClO (+47), FO ( 95), SF5 ( 20), NO2 ( 31), NO ( 87, bl.), NF2 ( 77), PI2, PH2; O/2 ( 61), S/2 ( 22), O2/2 ( 37), N/3 ( 70), gas, colrl., passiv. (except FOCH3). In mol. ë v. stab. gr. CF3, strongest acceptor el.,
HSO3CF3, F3C
m
[Ph4P]+[CBr5] ë, in str. ë chains of tetrah. [CBr4] and Br , C ì Br 1.96, Br ì Br 3.19 23) CF3OOX, X = H, Cl, ë CF2OOCF3; (CF3)2C(OH)(OOH) 16)
OH (slow)
³O", poorly sol. in H2O
101 78 189(p) 186 148 210
CF3I + KOH ! KOI + CHF3 H2EIIIO2CF3, H2EVO3CF3, E = P, As, v. strong ac.
CARBON IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
b.p.
Hyg.; + H2O ! H2CO3+¯Hal (speed F 4 Cl 4 Br), mol. ë triangles (sp2). 30) + M2On ! MOxBrn-2x, (M = V, Mo, U, Re)
C amorph.
Hg(CF3)2
m.p.
COF2, gas, colrl. 114 83 0.95 COCl2, "phosgene", gas, ë 128 + 8 1.17 colrl., toxic COBr2, liq., colrl., ì 65 (dec) ì
³)
b.p.
) ¯2
X2
Pd2+ ( Pd); Ag+; MnO4 (Ag+); Cr2O27 (Hg2+); ClO3 (OsVIII )
(act.
; F2
CnHm
3+
m.p.
a
H
[C6F6]+X ë, X = SbF6, Sb2F11, AsF6 (cr., orange, m.p. 61, dec., sol. in liq. HF, 4) meff = 1.3)
2+
Carbonylhalides
CO2
al 2
Phenylhexahalides m. p. b. p. C6F6,liq.. colrl. C6Cl6, cr., colrl. C6Br6, cr., colrl. C6I6, cr., red-brn.
4+
2/n+
OH
[ COO]22 , ion ë 2 triangles
55
56 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_18, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
t) M(
57
58
SULPHUR AND SELEN DERIVATIVES OF CARBON 2+
4+
CO
H2[CO2S] ë monothiocarbonic ac. K2[CO2S], H2[COS2] ë dithiocarbonic ac. K2[COS2]. OR S C ë xanthic ac. SH
HC(SO2F)3 Cs[C(SO2F)3] HC(SO3F)3 29)
4
1.3
Xanthogenates OR S C SM KSC(S)OEt, yel., dec. 200, sol. in H2O, alc.
S (arch)
MOR
20
CS, v. unstab., stab. as L (thiocarbonyl gr.) [Rh(CS)Cl(PR3)2]
S
I2, S, P; mol. ë linear, C ì S 1.56; + H2O
11)
S
8
! CO2 + H2S; 150
(45 10 PÂ, 200 ) ! blk. polimer, d 4:9, soften 70 , ! C + S, e 4, semiconduct., in str. ë chains, donor p-el.; as L ë CS2 angular. [M(CS2)(PPh3)2]n, M = Pt, Pd; [Rh2Cl2(CO)(C2S4)(R3P)2]2
(t)
C
H2CS3, trithiocarbonic ac., oil, sol. in H2O, m. p. 27, K1 10 3 , K2 = 10 8 , mol. ë anal. of H2CO3, m 2:13;
M2S (canc.)
> 27
! CS2 + H2S (slow.); stab. > H2CO3, in str. ë chains mol., S H 2:8 9)
3+ K2[O2C ì CS2]
Thiocarbonates, MI2[CS3] 10) M = Na, K ( H2O), NH4, [R4N] ( 4 H2O), cr. yel., hyg. (s. red), anion ë triangle S [Me4N]2C2S6 0.5 CS2, anion ë from M2SO3 2 triangles, 87.1 , M2[Ni(CS3)2], M = [Ph4As], [Ni(NH3)6] 29)
Se
2S
e
CH2Cl2
CCl4
CSe2, liq. yel., m. p. 44, b. p. 125, polimerise at 20 , mol. ë linear (CSe2)x, blk. powd. [Ru(CSe2)(CO)2(PPh3)2] 22)
M2Sn
H2CS4, thiomonocarbonic ac., oil, red, m. p. 36, K1 10 4 , K2 10 7 , unstab. H+
HCl (alc.)
H
1.5+ K2[C4S4], 29) in anion ë square [C4]
150
100
1.33+ C3S2, lig. red, with pungent odour, m. p. 1, easily polymerise
CS2, carbon disuléde, liq., colrl., toxic, exp. by air, d 1:2630, m. p. 108, b. p. 46, DH 63, insol. in H2O, solv. of fat, pitech,
CO(NH2)2 (110 , CS2) NH3 + Ca(OH)2 (110 , p)
S
CS(NH2)2, "thiourea", cr. colrl., CSF2, gas colrl., b. p. 63 NH2 m. p. 172, readily sol. in H2O, mol. ë plane CSCl2, "thiophosgen", liq., red, toxic, NH3 MCl2 4 [:SC(NH2)2], M = Pt, Pd, Zn, Ni S C 113 hn-(vis) b.p. 76, ! (CSCl2)3, m. p. 116, 1.72 CS(NH2)(NHNH2), thiosemicarbazide, NH2 + H2O ! CO2 + H2S + HHal n MCl2, M = Ni, Mn, sol. in H2O SO3; H 2 O PCl5 HSC:N, rhodanic ac., liq., colrl., m. p. 110, > 90 ! polymer, m. p. +5 (dec.), strong ac., K 0:5 (in dil. s.); stab. > HNCO
COS, oxysulphide, gas colrl., toxic, inêam., m.p. 138, b.p. 48, reality sol. in H2O and org. solv., m 0:71, mol. linear
(t)
Perthiocarbonates, M2CS4 21) M = Na (dec. 90), K, [Me4N] (dec. 125), [Ph4As],
! H2C2N2S3 + HCN; H+, t
+ H2O ! COS + NH 4 ; in gas ë monomeric mol., m 1:72; + H2S ! CS2 + NH3
Selenocarbonates K2CSe3, BaCSe3, cr., vlt.
N..
C
.. S .. .
Hg(SCN)2# M2[Hg(:SCN)4]; [Pt(:SCN)2(NH3)2], thioM2[Co(:NCS)4], isothiocianate 2+ H2O2 !SO4
S;
K
Sn
2
2+
Sn
2-
;S
O6 4
0.9 N C S 9 1.22 1.56
( H N
C
Rhodanides (iso- and thiocyanates), not toxic m. p. dec. NaNCS 323 ì S S KNCS 177 500 NH4NCS 150 170 Ba N Ca(NCS)2 3 H2O Ba(NCS)2 3 H2O AgSCN #, wh., SP = 10 13 , H2O anion linear N 1.65 :N. 1.17C S:..
135
H
H2 O
H+ OH-
t
cr., yel.; ! M2CS3 + S; + O2 + H2O ! M2S2O3; anion [S=SCS2]2 [Ph4As]2[Ni(CS4)2]
SCSe, liq. yel., m. p. 85, b. p. 84 SCTe, liq., red, m. p. 54, m 0:17, mol. ë linear
H2CSe3, selenocarbonic ac., K1 10 2 , K2 10 7 , v. unstab., ex. in s.
>5%
H2 S
O4 )
(N:CëS)2, dithiocyanogen, colrl., m. p. 2, stab. (SCN)2 > I2
# 20
(rapidly)
(SCN)n, parathiocyan, red, polymer (SCN)2 2 HHal; H2O Br2; Pb(IV)
M; I
MCN
CSe(NH2)2, selenourea, m. p. 200 Se(CN)2; (SeCN)2
Iso- and selenocyanates 158
HNCSe, selenocyanic ac., ex. in gas, K 5
KNCSe, cr. hyg. ! KCN + Se AgSeCN, SP = 10 16 , anion [N=C=Se] linear M2[Fe( ì NCSe)4], M2[Pt( ì SeCN)4]
59
60 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_19, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
61
t( H 2)
62 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_20, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
63
64
65
Zr
4d
;
;
6s
MCl4 (melt)
Zr
O2
M
H
TiCl4
4
l
;A TiO2 + Fe2O3 (ore)
hf )
0 Ti
CsZr6I14
2+
MCl4
66
Zr
MTiF4, M = NaìCs, pink, layers of oct. M3TiF6, vlt., bl., Na5Ti3F14 K3TiCl6; CsTi2Cl7 Cs3Ti2Cl9, eff. = 1.3, K2[TiCl5(H2O)] Cs2[TiCl2(H2O)4]Cl3-trans, cr. with dichroism (colrl.ëvlt.) 3) K3TiBr6; K3Ti2Br9 6) K5[Ti(CN)8]
3)
TiF3, purp. or vlt., H=ë1490
950
! Ti + TiF4 TiCl3, subl. 400, H=ë719, -, vlt., isostr. FeCl3, -, chains of oct., brn., 6 H2O, vlt. or grn. TiBr3, blk., H=ë548, 6 H2O, vlt. TiI3, needle, blk., H=ë339 In str. MHal3 (Hal = Cl ë I) ë mol. ë 2 oct. with common faces; t ! M(II) + M(IV);
[Ti(H2O)6]2+, colrl. (?), paramagn. (d 2 ), oct. (d 2 sp 3 )
DH
ZrCl3 #, blk.ë grn., ë755 in str. ë chains ë727 ZrBr3 #, blk. ZrI2.64 ë 3.4, blk.ëvlt. ë536 ZrHal3 ë v. strong Red + H2O ! H2 (immed.) + TiIV ! Ti2+; + K+ (liq. NH3) ! K
HfCl2.8 ë 2.9, 420 ! HfCl2, H 758 HfI3, blk. H 473; stab. > ZrI3
[H "] H2O( H2)
H+ aq. regia.; HF + HNO3
Ti2S; Zr2S; Hf2S; TiE; Ti2E3; TiE2; Zr2E3; ZrE2, Hf2E3; HfS2; TiS3; HfE3; ZrE3; E = S ë Te conduct., semiconduct., dielectr., stab. in air, sol. in conc. H2SO4, HNO3 MI2TiS3; BaMS3, M = Ti ë Hf. Zr4N, Zr3N4, MN, v. hard, m. p. 3000, sol. in alk. (t), (HF + KMnO4), el. conduct. MN>M; Li5TiN3; BaZrN2 Zr2ON2; ZrO8N4; Zr7O9.5N3 ZrB12 10) TiH1.5 ë 2.0, ZrH1.3 ë 2.0
4+
3+
Li
14)
HfCl1.92 ë 1.98 17) HfBr2, t ! HfHal + + HfHal4
2) Bronzes NaxTiO2, x = 0.2 ë 0.5, blk., layers of oct. Na1.7Ti6O11; NaTi2O4
M[Ti(SO4)2] 12 H2O, M = Rb, Cs, H ( 4 H2O) M[Ti3(SO4)5] n H2O
H2; t
ZrF2, Zr6Cl15 14) ZrBr2, stab. in air [ZrI2]6; ZrI2.4, clusters, Zr ì Zr 3.20, t ! ZrCl + ZrCl4; t ! Zr + ZrI4; H 963 (F), 522 (Cl), 260 (I)
C
(T
3
M2TiCl4 CsTiCl3, blk., chains of oct. Na2Ti3Cl8, in str. cluster 18) [Ti3]6+
O2 conjugate react.: H2O + O2 ! H2O2
30)
17)
0(d 4) [MDipy3], cr. vlt., sol. in bz., mol. ë oct. Ti(C6H6)2 K4Ti(CN)4, eff. = 2.17 K5Zr(CN)5, eff. = 2.69
TiOCl; TiOBr
Ti3O5, bl., H 2456 Ti4O7 2)
MTiO2, titanates (III), M = Li, Na, Mg/2
H
O
3.54
Ferroalloys, hard, visc., corrosion resist. "Ferrotitanium", 15 ë 25 or 40 ë 50% Ti, 3 ë 6% Si, 5 ë 8% Al, 3% Cu, 0:1% C, S, P; in system Fe ë Ti ex. sld. s. subtraction, Ti2Fe, TiFe, TiFe2, and TiFe3 "Ferrozirconium", deoxidant in steels; in system Fe ë Zr ex. sld. s. and Zr2Fe3 (m. p. 1640)
M2[Zr(CO)6], 15) Li2[TiDipy3] 6 Thf
TiF2, dec. 354, CaF2 str. 29) type 2.29+ Ti7Hal16, Hal=ClëI, blk., inêam. in air, H 514 (Cl), 389 (Br), 268 (I); sol. in H2O, alc., liq. NH3; in str. ë Ât. Ti(II), Ti(IV), Ti ì Ti 2.95 Ti(AlCl4)2, in str. oct. [TiCl6]
lR
MCl, M = Zr, Hf, powd., blk., graphite-like. str. MMClClM . . . ZrCl, H 286 HfCln, n = 0.92 ë 0.99 H 289 ZrBr, H 193 HfBr, H 204 ZrI1.0 ë 1.3, H 142; t ! M + MCl4
; 1760
b-, cub., a-Fe str. type 3.61
al
;A
; 862
Ti(OH)3 #, vlt., sol. in ac., strong Red, + NO3 ! NH3
Ti2(SO4)3 #, grn., sol. in ac. M2SO4 24 H2O, M = Rb,Cs, red, alum 3 Ti2(SO4)3 H2SO4 25 H2O,vlt. M
13.1 2230 5197 1.57
1518,
sol. in ac.-Ox; ! TiO + TiO2; - Al2O3 (corondum) str. type
Ti(OH)2 # blk., immed. Ox in air H2SO4 (dil.)
sld.
a = 3.32
(t)
Hf
sol. in HF, HCl, conc. ac. resist., H2SO4 alk.; sol. in (HF + HNO3), aq. regia passiv. HNO3 a-, hex. cl. pack. a = 2.95 3.22 3.20 c = 4.68 5.13 5.08
; 882
Ti6O, Ti3O, Ti2O, Zr3O
MI4 ac. t, v ) (ëI 2
t
TiO1x, powd. golden, m. p. 1750, H 519, sol. in dil. ac. ( ! H2 "), NaCl str. type
1.3
met., silver-wh., ductile (brittle in presence of trace O, N, C, H), stab. in air d 4.5 6.5 m. p. 1668 1855 b. p. 3260 4340 E0 Ti2+/Ti = 1:63 E0 M4+/M = 1:43 sld. sld. E0 Ti3+/Ti = 1:21
Ti2O3, powd. vlt., m. p. 1830, H
T
1.4
6p
;:
a; ;N Mg h. Red cat
Ti
5p
;:
5d
Hf0
5s
1 i(
0
;
0
70
1.5
20 0
;
EN
4p
0 )
0
4s ;:
00
;
3+(d 1)
)
(1
;
2
3d
Ti0
2 +(d 2)
H
TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM, HAFNIUM
[H "]
[Ti(H2O)6]3+, vlt., paramagn. (d 1 ), oct. (d 2 sp 3 ) ion
[Ti(OH)n(H2O)6 ë n](4 ë n)+, n44 [Ti(OH) Hal n]2 ë, [(TiO)8(OH)12]4+ O2; H2O(Pt) diamagn.n oct.6 ëions, colrl.
[Zr(H2O)6]3+, orange, oct.
H2 O(
H2 )
16)
[Zr4(OH)8(H2O)16]8+ > [Zr(OH)5(H2O)n]ë > [Zr(OH)6]2 ë SO24
! [Zr18O10(OH)26(SO4)13]0
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_21, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
16)
CN Zr8
4 + (d 0)
60 (70 0 ) 0 )
(> 2
O
Ca 3 NO
Ti
H
(t)
Ti
850
TiO(OH)2 n H2O#, wh., amorph, n < 1, "b-titanic ac.", sol. in HF, conc. HNO3 (t); Xëray lines of anatase " H2O (t, time) n = 1 ë 2, "a-titanic ac.", freshly precipitated, sol. in ac., conc. alk. 11)
+
(1 HC 00 % lO ) 4 3
SO
2O 5 3
N
O H
F
ì
283 subl. ì
DH
K3HTiF8 = K3[HF2][TiF6] H2TiF6, M2TiF6 H2O#, 1644 [O2][TiF5] H2O K TiCl , yel., K PtCl 2 6 2 6 ì str. type MTiCl5, M = [R4N], [R4As] 803 M[Ti2Cl9], M = [SCl3], 619 [PCl4], ì [R4N][TiBr5], 510 K2TiBr6, red 1,12) M2TiI6, dark-red
! TiF4 + TiCl4 TiCl4, liq. colrl. 23 136 40 231 TiBr4, cr. yel. ì ì TiClnI4-n, n=1, 2, 3 TiI4, cr. brn., 155 377 t > Ti + I2 TiHal4 + H2O ! TiO2 n H2O# (pH 5 1.5); in str. and gas ë mol. TiHal4 ì tetrah. (d 3s), in str. a-TiI4 ë chains of oct. L, L = POCl3, SCl4; 2 L, L = NOCl, R2O, R2S, RCN
M 20) Zirconates, Hafnates Na2[Hf(OH)6]; K3Hf2O3(OH)5; K2Hf2O4(OH)2; Na2Hf4O9 5 H2O; Li8HfO6 K2MO3; CaMO3; PbMO3, ferroelectrics M6Zr2O7; K4Zr5O12, oct. Cs4ZrO4, anion tetrah., 300 ! Cs2ZrO3 CaTi[Zr3O9], "calcirtite" M4[Zr(Mo12O40)] n H2O
1000
HfO2, m. p.=2900; d=9.68; DH=ë1130 inregular. str. CN M 7, CaF2, str. type, stab. at 20 with introduction of Y2O3, MIIO 1000
a-MO2 n H2O#, b-MO(OH)2, wh., sol. in ac. 140 yel., sol. in ac., peptizate, alk.
O7 Cl 2
+
lO 4 HC
ZrCl4
7,23) ZrO(ClO4)2 8 H2O, m. p. 145 M(ClO4)4, volat., m. p. 96 (Zr), 105 (Hf), in mol. CN M 8 M(IO3)4#, insol. in HNO3, anion ë antiprism M(OH)2SO4; 4 H2O M2O3(NO3)2 5 H2O, MO(NO3)2 n H2O, n = 3.5 ë 4.5, in str. ë [M(OH)2(NO3)2(H2O)4] ZrO(OH)(NO3) n H2O, n = 2, 6 M(NO3)4, in str. [M(OH)2(NO3)2(H2O)4] t subl. x N2O5; Zr(NO2)4 M(HPO4)2 n H2O#, variable composit, unlike other Mn+ expect Pa (pH 7); s. in H2SO4 + H2O ! Hf(HPO4)2# + ZrIV (in s.) MO(C2O4) n H2O#, sol. in H2C2O4, HCl Zr(RCOO)4; ZrO(CH3COO)2 ZrSiO4#, "zirkon", Ôontain >1% HfO2
subl. m. p. (p) ZrF4 # 903 912 437 ZrCl4 331 450 ZrBr4 357 ZrI4 431 499
subl. m. p. DH (p) 1911 HfF4# 974 1025 1929 979 HfCl4 317 432 988 761 HfBr4 322 420 837 485 HfI4 392 ì 586 + H2O ! MOHal2 In monocl. str. MF4 ë antiprism [MF8]. In str. ZrF4 H2O ë frame of dodecah., MF4 3 H2O ë [(H2O)3F3Zr]2F2 and chains ë Hf ì F ì Hf . . ., CN M 8. In str. MHal4 (Hal=Cl ë I) ë chains of oct. [MHal2Hal4/2], in gas ë mol. tetrah. 25)
DH
NH4OH; (NH4)2S; M2CO3
an
.O
x.
4,7,33)
Cs2[M(ClO4)6]; Cs[M(ClO4)5]; Cs3[Zr(ClO4)7] "Zr(SO4)2 n H2O", n = 4, 5, 7, contain ions [Zr(SO4)4(H2O)4] 4 , [Zr2(SO4)6(H2O)4] 4 , antiprism [MO8] K2[M2(OH)4(SO4)3(H2O)n] Na6[M2(OH)4(SO4)5]; Na12[M2O(SO4)9(H2O)n] Na6[M(SO4)5(H2O)n] [R4N]2[M(NO3)6]; [NO2][NO][Zr(NO3)4], 32) [(NO2)(NO)3]4+[Zr(NO3)5]4 , CN Zr 9 KZrH(PO4)2; Na2Zr(PO4)2 n H2O Na5Zr(PO4)3, LiHf2(PO4)3 19) H4[MO(C2O4)3] 7 H2O Na4[M(C2O4)4] 3 H2O M2Zr[Si2O5]3, M = Na ("elpidite"), M2Zr[Si3O9], M = K ("vadeite"), Na5Zr2[Si6O18]Cl 2 H2O, "eudialyte"
Zr3F8O2; Zr2F6O, M2O3Cl2 5 H2O#; MOCl2 24)
H
125
ì
2300
O
)
HOOM(OH)3#, gels, brn. (Ti), wh. (Zr, Hf); + I ! I2; stab. Ti H3O++ +B10H13
99 ì ì ì ì ì
180 (n) 129 (iso) ì ì ì ì ì strong ac., K2 = 10 8
H
H
B H
H
H
H
B
B H
H
H H H
alloy MgB2 + Mg
H B
120 18 (dec.) 25 +68 0.56 (bz.) stab. slow. hydr. H B
B H
B H
H
H H
Salt-like Polymer Covalent
278 400 500 280 320 ì
CuBH4 Zn(BH4)2, colrl. Cd(BH4)2, Be(BH4)2 colrl. Al(BH4)3 Sn(BH4)4, yel. Ti(BH4)4, grn. Zr(BH4)4 colrl. Hf(BH4)4 U(BH4)4, grn.
12 85 25
} } }
B
H
H
B
H
B
B H
H H
B
B H
B
B
B
H
B B
B
H
H
H B H H B B H H B H H
H B H B H B B H B H B H H
B
1.7 £9¯15 ennea-15
1.6 £10¯16 deca-16
122 63 25 ( !B10H14) +92 ì inêam. rapid hydr.
82 80 ë 90 25 ì ì stab. ! B4H10+H3BO3 +H2
3 ì 75 ì ì stab.
cr.
H H H H B B H H H B B H H H H
B
H
H
H
B
H B
H
H
H B
B H
B
H B H H B B H B B H H H H
H
2
meta(neo)-(³,C-1.3), m. p. 263, m=2.85,
; 615
3
C
2,2 -Bi(nido)-deca
H
H
H
; 475
B
1.3 £20¯26
0
H H
H
mol. ë two fragments of icosah. with common edge £ ì £
H C
1) BnC2Hn+2, carboranes (isoel. of boranes) £3¯3³2¯2, (Se=22=Se B4H10), m. p. 126, b. p. 4 B10¯10³2¯2, "carborane" B (Se=50=Se [B12H12]2 ), cr. colrl., sol. in org. HC CH solv., insol. in ac., alk. Mol. ë icosah. B10H10 Isomers: ÑrtÑ-, (C, C-1.2), m. p. 320, m = 4.53 1
mol. ë 2 basket [B10H14] with 34) bond £ ì £
4
B2O3
ëH2 0.8 (3508, vac.) B ¯ , icosoboran-16, 20 16 cr., colrl., hyg., m. p. 197, stab. in air, sol. in org. solv., +H2O>H[B20H16(OH)2]; mol. ë 2 [B10H14] with common faces
para (iso)- (³, ³-1.4), m. p. 261, m=0
C
B4C, carbide, blk., v. hard, d 2:5, m. p. 2450, b. p. > 3500, DH = 71, NaCl str. type, ([B12] = Na+, linear gr.,[C=C=C] = Cl )
: 1200 (
C)
BC3,élm,str.anal.ofgraphite 26) B13C2, B2Si, B4Si
t (urotropine) MOH ( H2 M3BO3)
dec. LiBH4, colrl. NaBH4 KBH4 Mg(BH4)2 Ca(BH4)2 MBH4 n H2O
B
2.0 £6¯12 hexa-12
60
Borohydrides
H
2.2 £5¯11 penta-11
2.5 B4H10 tetram. p. b. p. dec. DH m in air + ¯2°
H
I)
BnHn+4 BnHn+6
20
H
H
H
H
0
H
B
(
121.5
97
H B
I2
B
H
Homolog. series
H (S 3 P to O ck 4 )
H
H
H
H
L
165 92 >25 +35 0 inêam. dec. immed.
m. p. b. p. dec. DH m in air + ¯2°
H
Li [B H; (O N M aH e) 3]
1.25 £16¯20 cr.
H H
B2H6
1.4 £10¯14 deka-14
H
b. p.
dec. 80 ì Me2O 83 38 Me2S ì ì MeCN ì ì SiH3CN CO 137 64 NH3, ? [H3NBH2NH3]+(BH4) ë NMe3, 94 171 "borazan" N2H4 61 (dec.) PH3 ì ì PMe3 103 ì PF3 116 62 P(NH2)3 ì ì AsMe3 74 dec. 120 P(NMe2)3; ì ì Mol. ë tetrah., B ì H 1.19 ë 1.21, HBH 114, B ì L 1.54 (C), 1.56 (N), 1.84 (P)
1.5 £8¯12 octa-12
H
m. p.
1.67 £6¯10 hexa-10
H
BH3 [:L] L
1.8 B5H9 penta-9
3 B2H6 diborane, gas
H 2 e) C 2 arg h isc (d
B2O3 + H2 (Al + AlCl3); BCl3 + H2 (discharge, in vac.); BF3+ LiH ( LiBF4); alloy (MgB2 + Mg)+H3PO4 (Stock method)
B5H9
nonvolat., +¯2°? H2 :, (Li 4 Na > K), strong Red., NaCl str. type, [BH4] ë tetrah.
unstab. insol. in org. solv., hyg. 91 volat., sol. in 65 (m. p.) 45 (b. p.) Et2°, CnHm, 65 immed. hydr., 25 in mol. ë m- H 29 (m. p.) 128 (b. p.) H H Be B 29 (m. p.) 118 (b. p.) H H 70
[
3ë 2.3ë Na[B2H7], Na[B3H8], anion stab. to [H3B H- hydr. BH31
2ë 1.4ë M2[B2H6], M[B5H8], 24) M[B9H14], M[B10H15]
B10H
14
1.33ë M[B6H9], H+ OH ë
1.2ë M[B9H12], unstab. M[B10H13], M2[B10H14], stab. to hydr., mol. H
M[B11H14]
]
M=Li ë Cs, [R4N], [R4P], sol. in Et2O 2
B
H
B
H
H H
H
H
B
(H2O)
B
B
H
B
B
H
basket
H
0.9ë M[B9H9]
1.1ë M[B11H13], stab. at pH 7
H B
H B H
B H
Mn
O4 ;
Cr
2O 2 7
0.8ë M2[B10H10], stab. to ac., alk. +MnO4ë ! [B(OH)4] (H3O)2[B10H10], v. strong ac., anion two-cap antiprism ; M2[B12H12], H2[B12H12] n H2O, v. strong ac. 24) Na2[B20H18], M3[B20H19] 21)
0.75ë 0.67ë M2[B8H8], M2[B6H6] K4[B20H18]. oct. 2 H2O; +H2O ! B18H22
BBr3
BCl3
BI3
Zn
2.0
;
3+
EN
2p
;:
B2O3 (>1000 )
(15 00 ) B 2O
2s
3+
2+
1+
B2O
(BO)x, powd. wh., Âmorph., subl. 1500, v. react.; +H2O ! B2(OH)4+H3BO3 in gas ë linear mol. °=£ ì £=°
Zn O
B0
B2O 2) B6O B7O B13O2
ëH
2O
(250 , vac .)
5,19) M[B(ClO4)4] M[B(HSO4)4] M[B(SO4)2] K[B(SO3Hal)4] M[B(NO3)4] M[B(CH3COO)4] Na[B2O(CH3COO)5] M=KëCs, [R4N] Anions tetrah.
BX3, cr. colrl., v. hyg. B(ClO4)3, dec. 5; B(HSO4)3 B(OTeF5)3 B(NO3)3, dec. 0; BPO4 m. p. 1600 BAsO4 B(CH3COO)3, m. p. 149 19) B2O(CH3COO)4
I2 )
(
200 )
5
10
1.38
o
0
2 (1
100
1.47
H
1. 38
120
1.7
1
1.70
"
M(t); M2On + C (t)
Br 2)
(t,
38 1.
H H B3O3H3, "boroksin", B2(OH)4, hipoboric ac., H2B2O3, + mol.: plane cycle; cr. colrl., sol. in ¯2°, 3 mol. ë plane O O t alk., strong Red.; B2 H2 ! cycle, m 0:95 113 B2H6 + B2O3; 4 + +O2+OH ! [B(OH)4] ; SO +HCl ! H2+BOCl 2 120 M £, powd. Âmorph., colrl. (brn. ë ture) H 1.36 +H2O 90 ! H2+H3BO3 1.1 H H or cr. blk., m. p. 2075, b. p. 3700, 9 H3BO3 hard diamond, sol. in HNO3, KF BF2(OH), mol. ë triangle F2 (20 ); Cl2 (400 ); Br2 (700 ); I2 (900 ) H2SO4, insol. in alk.; monocr. ë semi4) " B 2O3(t) conduct.; a-, tetr., d=2.37, Â=8.73, m. p. b. p. DH c 5:03, in str. ë icosah. [B12], K[BF(OH)3] B3O3X3, boroxols, BF3, gas colrl. 127 100 1138 B ì B 1.60 ë 1.80, H[BF2(OH)2], K[BF2(OH)2] m. p. DH stab. decreases in the series: 107 13 404 BCl3, gas colrl. CN B 5 (=8 ë 3); B2F4, gas colrl. 56 ì R>NR2>OR>Hal>H H2O( HF) (BO) x 46 90 243 > H O BBr3, liq. colrl. b-, rhombohedral, 93 491 B2Cl4, liq. colrl. 2 H[BF3(OH)] = "BF3 H2O", Hg , cr. colrl. 50 210 38 BI d=2.46, a = 10.92, 3 +1 ì B2Br4, liq. colrl. >20 cr. colrl., m. p. 10, strong ac. (dec) c 23:81, cub. cl. (£Hal)n, Hal = F (wh.), B2I4, cr. yel. ì ì 2 [H3O]+[BF3(OH)] ="BF3 2 H2O", (sp ); In cr. and gas ë triangles £Cl pack. [B12], B ì B 1.71; 3 Cl (yel.), Br (red), discharge + H2O ! BHal3 + B2H6; 36) m. p. 6, b. p. 60/133 PÂ, Ânion BF3 + H2O > HBF4 + H3BO3; vitriform £ B12 I (blk.), n = 4, 7, 8 ë 11 +NH3 ! NH4Cl+B2(NH)2; tetrah. ( Hal ) + H O ! H BO + HHal (Hal = BHal 2 3 2 3 3 B4Cl4, cr., yel., volat., +[R4N]Cl ! [R4N]2[B2Cl6]; Cl I); BHal3 ë v. strong Lewise ac. m. p. 95, dec. 200, 0 (slow.) ! (BHal)n+BHal3. M[BF3(OH)] 7) [BHal3(:L)], L = NR3, PR3, AsR3, HF H2O inêam. in air., Hal In str. ë mol. £ 2 4 3 Ba[BF O] [R4N]2B9Hal9, 3 Khydr.=10 R2O, R2S, R2CO, mol. ë tetrah. Hal = Cl, I Hal Hal [BF3(NH3)], m. p. 162(Ó), (4 el. pairs at. £ HBF , ex. only in s., strong ac., toxic 4 M2[B10Cl10], 125 dispensed between £ £ ! BN + NH4BF4, M[BF4], M = Na (m. p. 384, "ferruM = Na ì Cs, 37) 1.72 6 £ ì £ bonds). +H2O ! [NH4]++[BF3OH] cite"), K (m. p. 570), NH4 (subl. 350), dec. >100 Hal Hal B8Cl8, cr., red., mol. ë readily sol. in H2O; Cs# ("avogadrite"), [R4N];, H F Cs2B12Cl12, sol. antiprism [B8] Mol: 2 cross tetrah. 1.60 [NO], [NO2], [ClF2] (m. p. 30), [ClO2], in unpolar. B8Br8, brn., subl. N B [BCl3(NH3)] 33) [NF4] (dec. 240; +H2O ! O2), solv., colour, MI3BO3 + M2On B9Cl9; B9Br9, mol. three-cap. trig. prism [XeF5], [O2] (stab. Ti 1000 ), ac. resist. (TaB2 insolv. in aq. regia), £ ì ® bond ë met. (conduct. ZrB2 about "borazon", cr. yel.-blk., m. p. >3200 Hal=FëBr 3 B24N36, str. 1 10 time > Zr), (p), v. hard, cube, diamond str. type, H O 2 M[BH (OH)], anal. of 3 M[H2B(OH)2] H2O 6) "Ferroboron" (1.2% B, 3 ë 5% Al, 3 ë 4% Si, 0.1% C, 0.02% S, &80% Fe) ë desoxidant. dec. 2000, B ì N 1.57 (sp3) hypoborates ( H2) Na[H2BF2] fullerene 35) M[HB(OH)3]
. th ca
ed
R
.
®
°
¯
#
71
72 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_24, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
Br Al
73
74 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_25, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
75
BERILLIUM, ALUMINIUM, GALLIUM, INDIUM AND THALLIUM IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Fë
[Ga(H2O)6]3+ (2 ë n)+
[BeFn(H2O)4 ë n] , n = 1 ë 4, Kdis. = 10 5 (n = 1)
HF
:; H O 2
:;H O (
:]) ( [H H 2O
2
H+
Ga ;
[Be(H2O)4]2+, tetrah. (sp3 ), extract di-(2-ethilhexil)-phosphoric ac. (unlike Al)
H+
Be Hg
Fë
H+
[Ga(H2O)6 ë n(OH)n](3 ë n)+>[Ga13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ n=1, 2 4) stab. 5 Al-anal.
cath. Red; [H:]
OH
OH
OH (NH4OH) (pH 5 5.7)
;: H
+
H )
H2O
:; OH
[Ga2O(OH)6]
(pH>2) 2ë
+
Be(OH)2 n H2O; Kbas. = 10 15 10 Kac. = 10 25 OH (pH>10)
;: H
Ga(OH)3;, wh., ¬ac. = ¬bas., K2 10 11 , K3 10 12
+
[Be(OH)n (H2O)4 ë n](2 ë n)+ > [Be2(OH)(H2O)n]3+ 1) pH < 7, sol. BeO [Be3(OH)3(H2O)6]3+, [Be6(OH)8]4+
Be/Hg
:;
22
;: H O 2
HCO ë 3 H2 O ( t)
[Be(CO3)2]2 ë
:;
[Be4O(CO3)6]6 ë (?) unstab.
[Be(OH)4]2 ë, tetrah.
In ;
cath. Red.; [H:]
HClO4
:; H O (K 2
[In(H2O)5(OH)] H+
> [Ga(OH)4] ë > [Ga(OH)4(H2O)2] ë, oct. ion, stab. > [Al(OH)4(H2O)2] Cl
[In(H2O)6]3+
+
H
[GaFn (H2O)6 ë n](3 ë n)+ n = 1ë6
H2O OH (Khyd. = 10 3)
hyd.=10
2+
5)
[InCln(H2O)6 ë n](3 ë n)+, n = 1 ë 4 4
)
> [In2(OH)2]4+ > [In4(OH)6]6+
:; OH
(pH 5 3.5)
:; OH
(pH 5 13)
In(OH)3; 3ë
H2O
20
[AlF6] , oct. ion, ¬stab. = 10
;: F
ë
[In(OH)4)] , > [In(OH)6]3 ë Kstab. = 1035
4,6)
[Al(H2O)6]3+
:; H O (K 10
H+
Al/Hg
)
; NH OH [t, pH 5 4.5] 4
: OH
8
+
H
;: H O
H2O
sis
OH
n
2+
Cl
[TlCl3] ë
, oct.
2
:
H2O Cl
2)
:; Hal
3)
[TlHal3(H2O)3] > [TlHal3(H2O)2] mol. ë oct. and trig. bipyr. H2O
:; Hal
HCl
[TlHal4] ë>[H2TlCl5]
76
)
trans-[TlHal2(H2O)4]+, Hal = Cl, Br, oct., v. stab.
: [Tl(H O) ] ; 2
1
2+
: OH
[TlOH]+
ly
[TlHal3]2 ë
2
hyd.=10
:; H O (pH51)
HCl
io
[Al2O(OH)6] > [Al(OH)4] > [Al(OH)4(H2O)2] tetrah. ions (sp3 ) oct. (sp3 d2 )
ë
O H2
ë
2
Tl2O3 n H2O; brn., v. strong Ox
2
d ra
Hal ë
:; H O (K
[Tl(H2O)5(OH)]
;I SO 2
[TlHal2] , angular ion (p )
(pH > 9.7) 2ë
;: H O
2 3 S 2O
H2O2 (OH )
2
ë
+
:; OH
Hal ë
Cl 2
CO2
Tl ;
(t)
Al(OH)3 n H2O; Kbas. = 10 33 ; Kac. = 10
; Br 2
[Tl(H2O)n]+, toxic
AlO(OH);, "boemite"
H+
4
Cl O H
[(H2O)4Al(m-OH)2Al(H2O)4]4+
icosah., in center ë tetrah. (r 12:6 A), ("Keggin str.", see "Mo, W")
3;
] [H:
;:
H+
O
H2O
[Tl(H2O)6]3+, oct. (?)
cath. Red.; [H:]
OH
[Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ oct. >[(AlO4)Al12(OH)24(H2O)]7+
N
H 2O
[H:]
5
H
Hg
H
CO32
Al
+
2
77 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_26, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
78 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_27, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
79
MAGNESIUM, ALKALI-EARTH METALS, RADIUM 3s
0
4s
Calcium
Ca0
;:
Strontium
Sr0
;:
Barium
Ba0
;:
Radium
Ra0
;:
5s 6s 7s
MgO+CaO from "dolomit" Si (1 20 0 )
3p
3d
4p
4d
EN
20
C
(>
00
)
5p
5d
6p
6d
7p
7d
MgO
1.0 0.9 0.9
MO Al [1200
Ca
met., lustrous wh. on the surface of the énest élm MgO diamagn. d 1.74 m. p. 651 b. p. 1107 2.34 E0 M2+/M Sld. sol. in dil. ac. (except HF) +NH4X (?H2+NH3); +RHal(?RMgHal)
MgO
1.0
Alkaline earth metals
Mg
t
1.2
;:
O Ca 2 (t, M g ë Ba Ñran ë wh g.; . êa ëy S el.s grn r, Ra h); . êa ë re me d.;
Magnesium Mg
Sr
Ba
Ra soft
wh. light yel. oxidized in air. Ra 4 Mg
wh.
wh. glows in the dark paramagn.
1.54 2.69 3.6 &6 851 1000 10) 727 969 1482 1860 1536 1390 2.84 2.89 2.90 2.92 react. with ¯2°, alk., sol. in liq. NH3 (<MI) a-, cl. cub. pack. 6.05 a=5.56 4.30 MìM 3.94 464
;
a!
226 230 90 Th a;! g 88 Ra
! 1617 y.
M[O2], peroxide, cr. colrl., diamagn., CaC2 str. type, O ì O 1.49, strong Ox. "periclase" "lime" CaO2 25) SrO2 BaO2 MgO2;(?) O2; (Ba < 600 , H2O); m. p. 2850 2614 2430 1923 ì (Sr, p) 480 750 dec. 20 380 b. p. 3600 2850 ì &2000 ì (m. p. 450) (exp. 275) DH 598 636 590 556 544 >600 640 632 DH = 623 652 NaCl str. type, in gas ë mol. MO; MgO ë inert after calcination; 8 H2O 8 H2O; 8 H2O; Ba1+xO, red dec. &100 n = 0.5, 2 n=1, 2 n = 1, 2 n H2O2 H 2O 2 t H2O ( MgO) ë O2 O2 (p, t) H 2O Mg(OH)2; Ca(OH)2; Sr(OH)2; Ba(OH)2 "brucite" "portlandite" [Ra(OH)2] ì 450 408 (dec.) m. p. ì M[O2]2 and M[O3]2 see tab. "Oxygen" 3,11) 580 710 (?) ì dec. 350 11 5 4 10 10 sol. in ¯2° S² 10 in str. CN=7 CdI2 str. type CaF2 str.; Ca-at. at the sites of face-centered cube, F ë centers n = 8, 1 n = 8, 1ë3 n H2O of 8 small cubes; 3 2 1 1 10 10 10 Kbas.2 10 CN Ca 8 (cube), F 4 (tetrah.) in str. M(OH)2 n H2O Na2[Mg(OH)4] 4) CN M=8 (antiprism) Ca(OH)Hal 0.5 H2O; CaCl2 3 Ca(OH)2 12 H2O
Mg(OH)Hal m. p.
b. p.
DH 9
NaMgF3, 8) "neighborit" K2MgF4 M4Mg3F10, MMgCl3, M2[MgCl4], Na6MgCl8 9)
Sr(OH)Cl 4 H2O
228 a! 88 Ra
; 235 92 U
RaO
; 6058
Mg light alloys: [Mg+Al (410%) +Zn (44%) + Mn (41.7%)] ë "electron"; [5 ë 30% Mg+Al] ë "magnaly", hardness >Al
238 92 U
BaO
; 2508
g-, cub. (a-Fe str.type) 5.02 5.15 a=4.84
Formation of Ra in nuclear decay;
SrO
cr. colrl., hyg.
MgF2#, "sallaite", 1396 2260 1121 S² = 10 , TiO2 str. type sol. in HNO3 MgCl2 714 1418 644 6 H2O "chloromagnesite", "bischoéte" CdCl2 str. type MgBr2, 710 1430 519 6 H2O CdI2 str. type 633 1014 360 8 H2O MgI2, [Mg(H2O)6][CaCl6] (dec.) CdI2 str. type "tahihydrat" 23) MgHal2 n L, L = NR3, R2O, R2C=O; n = 2, 6
Hex. cl. pack. (Mg str. type), CN 12, at.ë in sites of cell and in centers of 3 from 6 trig. prism; b4.31 a=3.20 3.98 c=5.20 6.52 7.05
232 90 Th
CaO
MCO3
!
6.7 y.
a!
228 224 90 Th a;! g 88 Ra
227 90 Th
223 a,! g 88 Ra
!
3.64 d.;
! 11.3 d. a
(series UëRa and Ac) Isolation of 226Ra from U- ore (&10 5%): 1) coprecipit. with BaSO4;; 2) dissolution in complexone; 3) chromatographic
21)
CaF2#, "êuorite" CaCl2, dist., TiO2 str. type CaBr2, dist., TiO2 str.type CaI2, CdI2 str. type
m. p.
b. p.
1419
&2500
DH 1222
S² = 10
782
&2000
799
760
1830
685
784
1760
536
n H2O n= 1, 2, 6 n H2O n= 3, 6 6 H2O
11
Ba(OH)Cl 2 H2O20)
m. p.
b. p.
DH
SrF2#, 1473 CaF2 str. type 873 SrCl2 CaF2 str. type 643 SrBr2, dist. PbCl2 str., CN 7 12) 515 SrI2, PbCl2 str. type
2460
1222
S²=10
2030
799
n H2O n= 1, 2, 6 n H2O n= 1, 2, 6
ì
685
ì
536
n H2O n= 2, 6
9
m. p.
b. p.
DH
BaF2#, 1353 CaF2 str. type 962 BaCl2 PbCl2 str. type 853 BaBr2, PbCl2 str.type 740 BaI2, PbCl2 str. type
2260
1196
S²=10
1830
858
n H2O n= 1, 2 n H2O n= 1, 2 n H2O n= 2, 6
ì
757
ì
607
6
RaF2#, RaCl2 RaBr2* RaI2 * rapidly yel.
In gas ëlinear mol. MgHal2, CaHal2 (Cl ë I), SrHal2 (Br, I), angular ë CaF2, SrHal2 (F, Cl) and BaCl2
80 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_28, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
21)
5)
m. p. ì
ì
& 900 728 900 ì
2 H2O n H2O n= 2, 6 ì
Mg(ClO4)2, "anhydrone", m. p. 246, dec. 382., readily sol. in alc., 6 H2O, m. p. 147; MI[Mg(ClO4)3] 15) M(ClO4)2, M = Ca, Sr ( H2O), Ba (dec. 505), n H2O, desiccators M(ClO3)2, dec. 120 (Sr),m. p. 414 (Ba); n H2O, n = 6 (Mg), 2 (Ca), 8 (Sr), 1 (Ba), readily sol. in H2O Ca(ClO)2; 3 H2O; 1/3 Ca(OH)2 x H2O, "lime chloride" Ba(ClO2)2, dec. 235 M(BrO3)2 n H2O, n = 6 (Mg), 1 (Ca, Sr sol.; Ba;), dec. >200 Mg(IO3)2, n H2O, n = 4, 1, dec. 210, readily sol. in H2O; M(IO3)2;, SP = 10 6 (Ca), 10 13 (Sr), 10 9 (Ba), 10ë14 (Ra) Ba5(IO6)2; M2I2O9nH2O;, M = Ca (n = 8); Ba (n = 3) 14)
M(HCO3)2, sol. in H2O (M = Mg, Ca, ë cause "temporary hardness" H2O) t
2
MgCO3;, "magnesite", dec. 350; n H2O, n = 2 , 3, 5 MI2CO3, MI = K, NH4, Ca/2 ("dolomite") CaCO3;, "calcite", m. p. 1340 (r), "aragonite", dec. 825, S² = 10 9; n H2O;, n = 6, 3, 1, 0.65 SrCO3;, "strontianite", dec. 1350, m . p. 1497 (r), SP=10 9 BaCO3;, "witherite", dec. 1450, m. p. 1740 (r), SP=10 9 RaCO3; "Magnesite" and "dolomite" are isostr. to "calcite", "strontianite", "witherite" and RaCO3 ë to "aragonite"
200
MgSO4, m. p. 1185 (dec.) ("arcanite"), n H2O, n = 1, 2, 4 ë 7 ("epsomite", "bitter salt"); 24) K2SO4 n H2O, n=6 ("scheonite"), 4 ("leonite") 163
;: CO
100
CaSO4;, m.p. 1450, "anhidrite" . 0.5 H2O . 2 H2O; "gyps",
p, 300
DH = 71, TiO2 str. type; ! b-, g- dec. 390 ; in str. ë CN Mg 6 and 8 2) MH2, M=CaëBa, d>d M, dec. &600, stab. Ca>Sr>Ba, insol. in liq. NH3; PbCl2 str. type (CN 9); DH= 188 (Ca); 176 (Sr); 170 (Ba); d=1.90 (Ca); 3.27 (Sr); 4.21 (Ba) + H2O ! H2 (exp. react.); + E2On ! E + MO + H2 (E = Al, Ti, Nb, W); +BCl3 ! B2H6 + MCl2; MH2 + H2 > MHn, n44, M = Sr, Ba
t
! M(NO2)2 + O2 ! NO2 + MO; n H2O, n = 3, 4 (Ca, Sr), 2 (Ba), 1 (Ca ë Ba) dec. 100 M(NO2)2, dec. 240 (Sr), 217 (Ba); Ra n H2O, n = 4 (Ca), 1 (Ca Ba, ); K2Na(NO)2)4 5) MN2O2 n H2O;, n = 5(Sr), 4(Ba)
; 400 (
[M(OR)2], aloxides, cr., v. hyg., insol. in ROH, liq. NH3, Mg(OH)2 str. type Mg(OMe)2 3.5 MeOH; Ba(OR)2 n ROH, n=1,4, R=Me, Et, sol. in ROH, liq. NH3 6) 13) Mg(C5H5)2. isostr. Fe(C5H5)2
t, C(
CaSO4
CO
)
2
12)
18) MI2[Mg(NH2)4] KMII(NH2)3, (MII=Ca, Sr)
;:
;: t
; 500 (vac.
BaN2, M3N4, blk.-brn. + H+ > N2 + NH3 + M(OH)2 M(N3)2, azides powd., gray or red M2NHal
ric ct ele e) (in stov
M3(AsO4)2 n H2O, n = 8 (Mg, "hernesite"); 3 (Ca); 0 (Ba;, amorph., m .p. 1605) M(NH4)AsO4 6 H2O;, M = Mg, Ca MHAsO4 n H2O, n = 7 (Mg, "rosslerite"); 1; (Sr, Ba) M(AsO3)2;, n = 4 (Sr), 0 (Ba, dec. 500) 7) M2As2O7, M=Sr, Ba (dec. 800)
CaC2 str.
2
t H2 ( MH2) M3N2, "nitrides", M = Mg (dec. 1500, DH=ë477), Ca (m. p. 1195, DH= 439), Sr (>1000, 389), Ba (1000, 364),cr. colrl., + H2O ! M(OH)n + NH3:; + CO ! MO + N2 + C (M = Ca, Sr);
C
M3(PO4)2;, amorph., m. p. 1357 (Mg), 1670 (Ca), 1727 (Ba); n H2O (Mg, n = 22, 8, 4; Ca, n = 4, 5); S² = 10 24 (Mg), 10 26 (Ca), 10 28 (Sr), 10 23 (Ba); M(NH4)PO4, n H2O, n = 6 (Mg), 7 (Ca); Ca5[PO4]3(F, Cl, OH), "apatite"; Ca8H2(PO4)6 5 H2O MHPO4 n H2O;, n = 3, 7(Mg, ); 2 (Ca, S² = 10 6); 0 (Sr, 10 6; Ba, 10 7); M(H2PO4)2, n H2O, n = 6, 2 (Mg), 1 (Ca, Ba), 0 (Ca, Ba) M2P2O7;, m. p. 1383 (Mg), 1230 (Ca), n H2O, n = 6, 3 (Mg), 5 (Ca)
NH3)
MNH, imides, cr., yel.
M(CN)2, M = Mg, Ca, Ba , Sr ( 4 H2O), linear mol., in str. ë polymer chains with bonds M ì C, M ì N CaCN2, cyanamide, subl. 1200 ; +H2O ! NH3: M(NCS)2, n H2O, cr. hyg., readilty sol. in H2O, alc., in str.-oct. [MgN2(H2O)4], Mg ì N 2.10, Mg ì O 2.09 22)
Ba(C:CH)2 4 NH3, M[C2], carbides (acetylides), M = Ca (m. p. 2300, DH=ë58), Sr, Ba (1780, 50); dec. 2000, CaC2 str. type, tetr., dist. NaCl str. ([C2]2 = Cl ); +H2O ! M(OH)2 + C2H2: (BaC2 ë inêam.); + N2 ! MCN2 MgC2 600 ! Mg2[C=C=C]; DH=+88; + H2O ! CH3C:CH + CH2=C=CH2
KMgH3 17) K2MgH4 Li[MH3], M = Ca ë Ba Cs2CaH4, K2NiF4 str. type
H
M(NH2)2 "amides", M = Mg (inê.), Ba (m. p . 290), wh., insol. in liq. NH3; in str. ë tetrah. [MgN4/2]
N2
Mg(NO3)2, dec. >300, N2O4; n H2O, n = 6 .2 M(NO3)2, m. p. 561(dec.) (Ca), 570 (Sr), 592 (Ba),
MH
R2Mg
M
N2 t
175 ; LiAlH4
N2 (t)
H2O
S² = 10 5, K = 10 3; M2SO4, M = H, K, NH4, Na. MSO4;, M = Sr (m. p. 1500 (p), dec. 1580, SP = 10 7), Ba (m. p. 1580, dec.), SP = 10 10, "baryta"; Ra, SP = 10 12, sol. in EDTA 16) MSO3 n H2O;, n = 6 (Mg), 2, 4 (Ca), 0 (Sr, Ba) MS2O3 n H2O, n = 6 and 3 (Mg, Ca); 5, 1 (Sr,), 1, 2 (Ba;) MS2O6 n H2O, n = 4 (Ca, Sr), 2 (Ba), readily sol. in H2O MSeO4 n H2O, n = 6 (Mg, readily sol. in H2O), 2 (Ca, sol.), 0 (Sr;, SP=10ë5; Ba;; Ra;) MCrO4 n H2O, yel., n = 7 (Mg, readily sol.), 2 (Ca, sol.), 0 (Sr;, SP=10ë5; Ba;; Ra;, SP=10ë10), MCr2O7 n H2O, n = 3 (Sr), 2 (Ba), red, readily sol. in H2O
M(CH3COO)2, M=Mg(m. p. 323, dec.), 450 (Ba), n H2O, n = 4 (Mg), 1, 2 (Ca), 0.5 (Sr), 3 and 1 (Ba) M(HCOO)2, 2 H2O , M = Mg ì Sr, Kdis.=10ë3 MC2O4 n H2O;, n = 2 (Mg), 3, 2 , 1 (Ca), 1 (Sr), 0 (Ba); SP = 10 4 (Mg), 10 9 (Ca), 6 10 8 (Sr), 10 7 (Ba)
Hydrides (MgH2)n, 1) powd. wh., dec. &300, inêam. in air, rapidly react. with H2O; 2) inact. form., a- stab. in air, slow. react. with H2O,
N2)
M4N8, M = Sr, Ba, blk.
K2[Ca(N3)4(H2O)4]
19)
Silicates Mg2SiO4, ("forsterite"); (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, ("olivine"); Mg2Si2O6, ("enstatite"); Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, ("talc"); CaMg(SiO3)2, ("diopside"); Ca2SiO4, n H2O, ("hillebrandite"); CaSiO3 nH2O "solanite"; Ca3[Si2O7], ("rankinite"); Ca3[Si3O9], ("wollastonite"); BaSiO3, 6 H2O; 5) RaSi2O5
M; MO
M(HS)2 n H2O, n = 6 (Ca), 0 (Sr), 4 (Ba), readily sol. in H2O MS;, m. p. 2000 (dec.) DH=ë352 (Mg), ë460 (Ca), ë452 (Sr), ë443 (Ba); NaCl str. type © N2O > M(HS)2 + M(OH)2; MgS4; MgS5 SrS4 n H2O, n = 6, 4; SrS5, yel. BaS2, m. p. 925 BaS3, grn., m. p. 554; BaS4, red, readily sol. in H2O, dec. 300; 2 H2O
0 Mg M
2+ H+; H2O+NH4+ ( H2:) H2O (ëH2)
[Mg(H2O)6]2+, oct. ion
[M(H2O)n]2+, stab. Ba<Sr150 ë tough >200 ë frail m. p. 419 321 b. p. 913 766 el. conduct. 16 times 13 >Hg sol. in dil. ac., alk., in dil. ac. NH4OH 0.40 E0 M2+/M 0.76 sld. dist. hex. cl. pack. a=2.66 2.97 c=4.94 5.61 MìM
EN
900
t (O )
ZnO, wh. (>yel.), m. p. 1969 (Ó), subl. 1725 (dec.), DH = 348, "zincite", wurtzite str. type, framework of tetrah.
m. p. 256;
130
; 262
2 H2O
non volat. isostr. Be- anal. 29) M(HCOO)4, 2 H2O# n = 1, CN Cd 7 MC2O4, S² = 10 9, ¬dis. = 10 5; 2 H2O# dec. 340; n = 3, ¬dis. = 10 M2[SiO4], m. p. 1509, "villemite" m. p. 1252 MSiO3, m. p. 1437 m. p. 1242 Zn4O(BO2)6, m. p. 980, str. anal. of Zn4O(CH3COO)6; ì Zn(BO2)2 ì
4
82 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_29, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
c.
t) 1,6) Zincates, cadmates Na2[M(OH)4] 2 H2O; Na[Zn(OH)3] Ba2[M(OH)6], anion ë oct. Ba[Zn2(OH)6] 5 H2O, K4ZnO3, anion ë triangle M2(Zn/Cd)O2#, chains of tetrah. Na6[MO4], K2Cd2O3, K2Zn6O7
Li[Cd(ClO4)3]; Na[Cd2(ClO4)5] K2[M(S2O3)2] H2O, Kstab = 105(Zn) 12) M2[Zn(NO3)4], M = NO, R4N [NO][Zn(NO3)3]; M2[Zn(NO2)4] M2[Cd(NO2)4], stab. >Zn-compl., KZn2H(PO4)2; MZnPO4, cycles of tetrah. [PO4] Ë [ZnO4], Na[Cd(HCOO)3], anion ë layers of oct. 10) Na2[M(C2O4)2]
ZnHal2 n Zn(OH)2 m H2O#, Hal = Cl ë I, n = 1, 4, layers of tetrah. 25) and oct. Zn5(OH)8Cl2 H2O 30) M(OH)Hal#, CdHal2 3Cd(OH)2#, layers of oct.
+
H
2O 2
MO2 n H2O#, M = Zn, Cd, powd. wh. or yel., exp. >200 26)
H
21)
O
M2+
ZnF2# ZnCl2 ZnBr2 ZnI2
m. p.
b. p.
DH
875 326 (b) 315 (a) 394 446
1502 733
765 414
670 624 (dec.)
327 209
str. type TiO2 ì CdCl2 CdI2, CdCl2
n H2O, n= 4 4, 3, 2.5, 1.5, 1 3, 2 2
m. p. CdF2# CdCl2 CdBr2 CdI2
1072 568 567 388
b. p. 1753 964 863 754
DH -698 389 314 201
str. type CaF2 CdCl2 CdCl2 CdI2
RbMF3; M2ZnF4,; K3Zn2F7, Sr4Zn3F14 K2[MCl4], M = Zn (anion tetrah.); Cd (layers of oct., stab. 4 [ZnCl4]2 KZn2Cl5; KMCl3 n H2O. M4[CdCl6], anion ë oct. N3ZnCl5 = N3[ZnCl4]Cl Na6CdCl8 RbMBr3; Rb2MBr4, tetrah. Rb4CdBr6 oct. KMI3 n H2O; chain of tetrah. 2,13) Li2[MI4]
n H2O, n= 2 1ë4 2, 4 ì
cr. colrl., hyg., ZnHal2 sol. in H2O > CdHal2, readily sol. in alc. Et2O, weak electrolytes, prone to autocomplexing, in s.: Cd2+ + 2 [CdHal3] > 3 CdHal2 > 3 [CdHal]+ + 3 Hal ; 2 CdHal2 > Cd2+ + [CdHal4]2 , in gas ë linear mol. MHal2. In str. ZnCl2 (a-, b-) ë net of dist. tetrah., in str. ZnBr2, ZnI2 ë framework of tetrah.; in layered str. CdI2 ë hex. cl. pack [ICdI], in rhombohedral str. CdCl2 ë [ClCdClClCd] [ZnHal2L2], L = NH3, Py (mol. tetrah.), N2H4; [CdHal2L2], L = NH3, Py (chains of oct.) [CdHal4/2N2] ë trans, CdI2 10 NH3 5,28) CdI2 str. Zn(CN)2;, wh., dec. 800 Cd(CN)2;, colrl., dec. 200 [Cd(CN)2]n m H2O m R2O, (n = 3, 8) Cd(CN)2 L, L=DMPA, DMSO, in str. linear canals
ZnSO4 BaS
ZnS;, wh., amorph., S² = 10
; H S (dry)
, sol. in HCl,
2
b-ZnS, "wurtzite", m. p. 1900 (p), subl. 1185, DH = 192, hex. cl. pack., [ZnS4] and [SZn4] ë tetrah.
:
1020
a-ZnS, "sphalerite" DH = 205, diamond cub. str., tetrah. Na2ZnS2 [ZnS4] and [SZn4]
ZnSe#, yel. ZnTe#, red 16)
17)
Zn(NCS)2;, colrl., in str. ë layers of tetrah. [Zn(NCS)2(N2H4)2], mol. ë oct. Cd(SCN)2, colrl., in str. ë oct. [CdS4N2] [Cd(SCN)2(N2H4)2], mol. ë oct.
24
m. p. DH 1575 130 CdSe#, red 1239 121 CdTe#, brn. semiconduct. 700 (dec.) 21 Cd(N3)2, yel. 9) ì Cd3N2, blk.
Zn3N2, blk. Zn(N3)2, colrl., exp. 2.5 H2O t, H+ CdS;, yel. ! red., m. p. 1475(p) ì Zn(NH2)2, wh. 27 DH 150, S² = 10 , sol. in conc. HCl, H 2 .) Zn3P2 420 a-, "greenockite", semiconduct., wurtzite str. type KN liq 3 As 1015 Zn H 3 2 b-, sphalerite str. type (N ì ZnC2, wh. Zn/Hg (ZnH2)n (?), wh., dec. 90 insol. in Et2O
ì ì ì ì ì 9)
M2[Zn(CN)4], anion ë tetrah., Kstab. = 1020 K[Zn(CN)3] 2.5 H2O = K2Zn[Zn(CN)6] 5 H2O, in str. ë oct. [ZnC6] and tetrah. [ZnN4] M2[Cd(CN)4], Kstab. = 1018; M[Cd(CN)3]
19)
K2[Zn(ëNCS)4]3H2O, tetrah. [ZnN4], Kstab.=10 3 M2[Cd(ìSCN)4], anion ë dist. oct. [CdN2S4/2], Kstab. = 103 M[Cd(SCN)3], M = Rb, Cs, chains of alternate oct. [CdS2N4] ì [CdS4N2] (M = Rb), [CdS6] ì [CdN6] (M = Cs) Ba2[Cd(ìSCN)6] 7 H2O 7)
17)
m. p. DH 1250 (Ó) 105 1090 100 21 ì
+163 ì
Cd(NH2)2, wh. ì ì Cd3P2, grey CdP2, orange Cd3As2 721 ì CdC2;, +HCl ? C2H2" dec. 20 ì CdH2, wh., insol. in Et2O
K2[Zn(NH2)4]; LiZnN M2[Zn(N3)4], M = K, Cs Cs3[Zn2(N3)7]; Cs[Zn2(N3)5] 14) K[Zn3(N3)7] C2H4 (t)
K2[Cd(NH2)4] K[Cd(N3)3] H2O K2[Cd(N3)4] Tl8Cd3(N3)14, 18)
Zn, Cd M
I, S
83
84 N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_30, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
85
ALKALI METALS, FRANCIUM
5p
5d
6p
6d
Rb0
Caesium
Cs0
5s 6s
Cath. Red
Cath. Red Na
a
N
K
)
MCl
s ga
(
Ca (8008, vac.)
Rb
Cs golden
met. silver-wh. 0.6 0.4 0.5
0.3
0.2
Fr
M3N
1)
ì ì
va
Solidity (diamand ë 10)
0.8
;
NaCl+60% CaCl2 (m. p. 580)
Li
0.8
;
O2
Rubidium
LiCl + KCl
0.9
;
êa me )
4d
9)
(Na
4p
³s4O Cs7O Cs11O3
1.0
(t,
Ox in air with inê. 0.97 0.86 1.52 H2O (ë H2) 1.90 0.54 2.46 97.8 64 39 28.7 180 23 886 776 696 705 1337 669 2.71 2.92 2.92 3.04 2.92 ì +H2O ! [H:]; sol. in NH3 liq. (bl. s.), [M(NH3)6] > [M(NH3)6]++ [e(NH3)n] ë("polaron"); ! MNH2 + H2 a-Fe str. type (cub.) 4.28 5.33 5.62 6.08 a=3.50 3.80 4.70 4.96 5.34 ì MìM 3.10 :>195 cub. cl. pack 5.34 ì ì ì ì a=4.41 in gas ë mol. M and M2 (1000 400 DH 594 418
yel. 740 ì ì 340
t
Rb2O
Peroxydes, cr. colrl., hyg. (yel. at admix ®°2), diamagn., O ì O 1.50 ë 1.54 2)
Cs2O
M
t
! colour increase; ! M2O2 + M; in gas ë mol. linear
!
H2O
10ë22% in crust
LiOH m. p. b. p. dec. DH n H2O Kdis.
NaOH
KOH
RbOH
473 321 405 925 1390 1320 600 >2000 >2000 487 428 427 n 1 1; 2; 3.5; 4; 7 1; 2; 4 1.5 3.4 5.1
382 ì ì 414
1; 2
ì
m. p. ì dec. 342 DH 636 n H2O2, n 2 n H2O, n 1; 2
Na2O2 596 675 510 4 8
K2O2
Rb2O2
Cs2O2
ì ì 494 4 ì
567 1010 422 4 ì
597 650 402 4 ì
t strong Ox.: + Fe ! M2FeO4; [M2O2 + CaCl(OCl)] ("oxylit") + ³O2 ! O2 + M2CO3
12)
Alkali, cr. colrl., subl. &400, sol. in ¯2°, alc. (CsOH 4 LiOH), liq. NH3. Melt react. with glass, (Pt + O2); insol. Ag, Ni, Fe, volat. (expect LiOH)
Li2O2
O2 (t)
yel. Ñrange ì 495 ì ì 400 300 331 318
red
4s
0 Potassium K
3d
(L ië
3p
;
2
3s
°xides, cr., hyg., subl. vac. (10 5mm), Ânti-CaF2 str. type (CN ® 4); str. Cs2O ë Ânti-CdCl2 type (CN ³s 3)
ë ye l. ê a me )
1.0
2)
Na0
EN
;
O
Sodium
2s
N
Li0
c.,
Lithium
13)
CsOH 339 ì ì 407 0.5; 1; 2; 3 ì
O2 (K , Rb ì vl Cs ì bl. êa t., me)
O H2 ( H2 ol. ctr ele
MClO4, M = Li (m. p. 247, dec. 500), readily sol. in alc., Et2O; 3 H2O; Na (482 m. p., dec.) H2O; K (610 m. p., dec), Rb;, Cs; ( 700 m. p., dec.), Fr; MClO3, M = Li (m. p. 129, dec. 270), 0.5 H2O; Na (262); K ("berthollet salt"), (m. p. 368, dec. 400), sol. in ¯2° Li 4 Cs MBrO3, M = Na (m. p. 381), K (434, m. p., dec.); Rb (430); Cs (420), sol. in ¯2° Na 4 K ë Cs, MIO3, M=Li ë K (m. p. 560), Rb;, Cs; MIO3 n HIO3 MIO4, M = Na, dec. 300 ( 3 H2O), K; (m. p. 582), Rb;, Cs; See Tabl. "Hal"
MHSO4, M = Li (m. p. 170), Na (186, H2O), K (210), ³s; 0.5 H2SO4 n H2SO4, (n 1, 2, 3) M = Na ë Cs 14) Li2SO4, m. p. 860; H2O, v. readily sol. in H2O M2SO4, M = Na, K, NH4; 2 M2SO4 9 H2O, M = Na, K Na2SO4, m. p. 884, b. p. 1430, ("tehnardit") DHsol.Na MOH + ROH; str. anal. of LiOH (M = Li, Na, R = Me, CN 4) or a-KOH (K ë Cs, ®Ç, CN 5). n ROH, n = 2 (Li, Me, Et), 5, 4, 3 (Na, Me), 3, 2 (Na, Et, n-, i-Pr, n-, i-Bu); 5, 3, 1 (K, Me); 1 (K, Et), 7, 5, 2, 1 (Rb, Cs, Me), 1 (Cs, Et, Pr) 3, 7) [MOBu-t]4, M = K ë Cs ë cubane-like tetramers, CN 3; cat. react. polymerization, condensation, Red. ³=° gr. "MCO" = (MOC:)2, acetylendiolates, pyrophoric, CaC2 str. type
HF CsCl CsBr CsI
m. p.
b. p.
798 ì ì 726 692 656 ì
1430 ì ì 1395 1352 1327 ì
m. p.
b. p.
684
1302
531
ì ì ì 1295 1297 1280
ì ì ì 431 410 ì
n H2O, n = 2/3, 1/5
N2)
MNH2, amides, cr. colrl. or light grn.; m. p. 390 (Li), 210 (Na), 338 (K), 309 (Rb), 261 (Cs); subl. &400; sol. in liq. NH3; liq. > M+ + [NH2] ; +H2O ? MOH + NH3; chem. act. CsNH2 4 LiNH2 (See Tabl. "N")
RbF, n H2O, n = 3, 3/2, n HF, n = 1, 2, 3 RbCl RbBr RbI Rb[In], n=7, 9, brn. 16) Rb2(OH)I
CsF,
M3N, nitrides, cr. ruby-red., M = Li (m. p. 845, DH = 47), Na (dec. 200), K ë Cs (exp.); + H2O ! NH3 + MOH
;H
m. p.
ì 646 638 622
DH
24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
MF
Sol., mol/l (188)
m. p. 900
MCl MBr MI Li Na K Rb Cs Solubility of ®Hal in ¯2°
CsCl str.
Hydrides, cr. colrl., insol. in NH3 liq., org. sol., NaCl str. type LiH NaH KH RbH CsH m. p. 691 &800 &400 &400 &400 (p H2, Na ë Cs) 56 DH 91 56 57 54 3.19 MìH 2.04 2.44 2.85 3.02 melt. > M+ + H ë, in gas ë mol. MH (Li ì H 1.60), mLiH = 5.88, v. strong Red; + H2O ! H2 + MOH; + CO2 ! HCOOM; chem. Âct. CsH 4 LiH Used for separation of MI and the allocation of Rb and Cs: 5) MBiI4, M = K ë Cs; MBiCl4; M2BiCl5; M3BiCl6; Rb3Bi2Cl9; Cs4BiCl7, M[Sb(OH)6], M = Li, Na;, K M3SbHal6, Hal = Cl, Br, M = Li, Na, K ë Cs; MHC4H4O6, hydrotartrates, M = Li, Na (sol. in. ¯2°), NH4, K ë Fr; (sol. in. ac., alk.) M2[SiF6], M = Li ( 2 H2O, dec. 100, readily sol. in ¯2°, alc.), Na; ("mallardite"), K; ("hieratite"), Rb;, NH4, t Cs (v. readily sol. in ¯2°); ! MF + SiF4 M2[SnCl6], M = Li, Na (sol. in ¯2°), K ë Cs; M[BF4], M = Na (m. p. 384, readily sol. in ¯2°), K; (m. p. 530), M[BPh4], M = Li, Na (sol. in ¯2°), K ë Cs; M3[Co(NO2)6], cr. yel., M = Li, Na (sol. in ¯2°), NH4;, K ë Fr; M2[PtCl6], cr. yel., M = Li, Na (sol. in ¯2°), NH4, K ë Fr (poorly sol. in ¯2°, insol. in alc.) MZn(UO2)3(CH3COO)9 6 H2O, M = Li;, Na; M3P(Mo12O40)], M = Li ë Na (sol. in ¯2°), K ë Fr; M4[Si(W12O40)], M = K ë Fr;
M O Hal or N
87
[N O (2 ]Cl 00 0 O ) 4
Cu2O str.
3
0
70
: t(
al 2
uH
C ); + +
H 26)
m.p.
b.p.
DH
SP
Cu ì Hal 7
Alloys 90% Cu + 10% Sn ë bronze; 90% Cu + 10% Zn ë tombak; 60% Cu + 40% Zn ë brass; 50% Cu + 45% Al + 5% Zn ë Dewar alloy; 95% Cu + 4% Sn + 1% Zn ë mint alloy
O2+SiO2 (ë FeSiO3 ë SO2 :) ; in production of H2SO4
electrolytic raéning in s. CuSO4
H3PO2; NaBH4 CuSO4
88
Fe
[CuHal(PR3)]4, in mol.ë cub ë [Cu-eHal]4 [CuI(C5H11N)]4, in mol.ë tetrah. [Cu4]
27)
CuCN;, colrl., m.p.. 473, SP = 10 20 Cu2 ë xS;, grey, SP = 10 50, "copper glance", m.p. 1130; DH = 79 CuIFeIIIS2, "cooper pyrites", "chalcopyrite", in str. ë tetrah. [CuIS4], [FeIIIS4], [SCu2Fe2], sphalerite str. type Cu2Se, bl., m.p. 1112; Cu2Te, blk., m.p. 855 Cu3N, grn., dec. 300, DH = +75
CuH;, cr., red-brn., dec. 20, DH=+21, wurtzite str. type
Cu
CuCl; 450 1212 136 10 2.16 CuBr; 504 1345 105 10 9 ì 12 CuI; 605 1336 68 10 2.44 CuHal, wh., sol. in surp. NH3, MCN, M2S2O3. Str. CuHal sphalerite type, CN Cu 4 (sp3), in gas ëtrimer cycles.
hn
CuN3; ! Cu + N2 Cu3P, m.p. 1022; Cu3As; Cu3Sb; Cu2Sb Cu2C2, acetylide, red-brn., H2O
S CuFeS2 str.
C
al
2;
H
H
HCuCl2, KCuCl2; K2CuCl3 MCu2Cl3, anions ë chains of HCl tetrah. M2CuBr3; [R4N]3[Cu2Br4] H2O chains of triangels or tetrah. M2[CuI3], Cs3Cu2I5, M[Cu2I3], [PyH]2[Cu5Hal7], Hal=Br,I [NO]+[CuX2]-, X=Hal,CN,SEN,blk., sol. 2) in ROH
al
+
+O
2
Cu
O
2;
O
N
C
31)
X, H20
ia
³u ì Hal m.p. dec. CuF2, colrl., 950 ì CuCl2, yel. 596 1000 290 CuBr2, blk. ì
DH 536 216 134
n H2O,
ax.
equ.
n=
2.27 2.95 3.18
1.93 2.30 2.40
2, bl. 2, bl. 2, brn.
CuHal2 (Hal=Cl,Br), sol. in H2O, ROH, Py, ac.; str. CuF2 ë dist. rutile type, in str. CuCl2, CuBr2 ë ribbon of squares. 21) [CuHal2(NO)]2
M[Cu(CN)2], colrl., Kstab=1024 K3[Cu2(CN)4] H2O, CN Cu=3: anion ë tetrah., Kstab.=1024 M3[Cu(CN)4] CS[Cu(SCN)2], Kstab.=1012 16) K2[Cu(SCN)3]; Na3[Cu(SCN)4] 4H2O KCuS, anion ë zigzag chain KCu4S3, bl., semiconduct., layer of tetrah. [CuS4]
Cu(CN)2;, powd., yell.-brn. 20
! CuCN + (CN)2:; + H2O ! CuCN; + O2 (slow.)
+
Cu2+
+H
H 2S
CuS;, blk., dec. 220, SP = 10 38, sol. in ac.-Ox, M2Sn, "covellite", 200 DH = 53, conduct. ! Cu2S + S CuS3; Cu2S5; CuSe; CuSe2 Cu(N3)2;, cr., brn., exp. CuC2;, acetylide
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_32, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
3)
31)
CuHal2 3Cu(OH)2, CdI2 str. type; Cu2OCl2, Cu(OH)Cl, in str. ë layers of elongated oct.
aq
.r eg
H2O)
[Cu(CH3COO)2(H2O)]2, grn., cluster, diamagn. t (N ) CuC2O4 H2O;, bl.; !2 Cu + CO2 + H2O Cu6[Si6O18] 6 H2O, "dioptase" 12)
3)
2.64
nc (co O
N
, (-C
H
l4
CN 12 (cubooct.), ³u ì ³u 2.56
OH
O H 3C
H
7)
Cu(IO3)2; ! CuO+I2+O2; n H2O, n=1, 2/3, Cu2HIO6;, n H2O;, n = 1, 2 258 CuSO4, colrl., dec. 550, n H2O, n=1, 3, 5 ("vitriol"), bl., 7 Cu(NO3)2, bl., subl. 200, m.p. 226, in gas ë planar mol. 23) 1. n H2O, n 9; 6; 2.5; 1 95 Cu(NO2)2, m.p. 147 68 ³u3(PO4)2 n H2O;, n = 1, 3; Cu4H(PO4)3; 120 CuHPO4 n H2O; Cu(H2PO4)2 24) n CuCO3 Cu(OH)2;, "malachite" (n 1), "azurite" (n 2), in str. oct. [CuO6]; + CO2 (p, t) ! ³uCO3; Cu(CH3COO)2, grn., sol. in ¯2° and org. solv.
4
M[CuSO3]; M3[Cu(SO3)2]; Kstab=108 109
Zn; Fe; cath. Red.
Cu(OH)2;, bl., sol. in ac., NH4OH, in str. layers of 30) oct.; + MOH (conc.) ! vlt. coll. s.
290
.)
Cu2SO4, grey, m.p. *400; + H2O ! Cu; + CuSO4; strong Red, damb-bell 25) [CuO2]; 2NH3 Cu2SO3 H2O;, wh.; CuCH3COO;, needles, colrl., chains of 8-member cycles 1)
: t (under s.) 5)
Cu(ClO4)2, yel.-grn., dec. 130, volat., n H2O, n = 6, 2 Cu(ClO3)2 6 H2O; Cu(BrO3)2 n H2O, n=6, 2 (bl.),
14) Cuprates (I), MCuO, M = Li ë K, chains of squares [Cu4O4]4 M3[CuO2], yel., +H2O ! Cu;+CuII
O
H2SO4 (200 )
CuO, "blk. oxyde", m.p. 1335 (p O2), dec. 1026, DH = 1565, in str. ë squares [CuO4] (dsp2 )
Cu4O3=CuI2[CuII 2 O3], "paramelaconit" 22)
2S
M
, (t) O 2 (t) O 2
00 )
( CO ) 2; H 0 M; (>20 O2
2
); C 250
CC
Cu, met. yel-red., ductile, high electro- and heat conduct., d 8:9, m.p. 1085, b.p. 2540, sol. in ac.-Ox., NH4OH, KCN, Ox in air. E0 Cu2+/Cu =+0.34 sld. E0 Cu+/Cu = 0:52 sld. diamagn., in str. ë facecentred cube, a=3.61 (cub. cl. pack., Cu str. type)
d CuCl2 Re
16
;
Fe
Cu2O;, "red oxyde", m.p. 1236, dec. 1800, DH = 167, CN ³u 2 (sp), dumb-bell; [CuO2], [OCu4] ë tetrah., SP = 10 15, sol. in NH4OH, HHal (conc.)+ + H2SO4 (dil.) ! Cu; + CuSO4 M
; Zn
.
h cat
1.8
4(
;
EN
4d
O
:; :; :; :; :;
4p
3) 2S
4s
H
3d
(C
Cu
0
2+(d 9)
1+(d 10)
H
COPPER
3+(d 8)
K2S2O8(OHë)
4+(d 7)
M
2O n+
O
Cuprates (II) 4) 3 MOH Na2II[Cu(OH)4], bl. IIanion ë tetrah. (sp ), paramagn. M2 [Cu(OH)6], M = Sr, Ba, bl.; anions ë oct. (sp 3 d 2 ) or (conc.) squares (elongated oct.), Cu ì O 1.95 (equ.) and 2.8 (ax.) H2O MI2CuO2, red, Ca2CuO3 YBa2Cu3O7 ëx, high-temperature superconduct. 5)
18)
M[Cu(ClO4)3], (NO2)2[Cu(ClO4)4] ; Ba2[Cu(TeO6)] Na6[Cu(HIO6)2] 13 H2O, Na4H2[Cu(H2TeO6)2], 5) in anions ë squares [CuO4] [NO]+[Cu(NO3)3] ë (= "Cu(NO3)2 N2O4"), bl.ëgrn., 6) sol. in org. solv., anion ë net of elongated oct. M4[Cu(NO2)6], anion ë oblate oct. 13) K3[Cu(NO2)5], Rb4[Cu3(NO2)10], Ba2Cu(PO4)2 K2[Cu(CO3)2], in str. ë net of square, 13) 3 H2O, bl., in str. ë tetr. pyram. [CuO4(H2O)] 32) K2[Cu2(CH3COO)4][Cu(CH3COO)4] 17) M2[Cu(C2O4)2] 2 H2O, anion ë elongated oct.
H2O
Cuprates (III) 15) K[Cu(OH)4], red, dec. 20 MCuO2#, M = Na ë Cs, blk. or bl., diamagn. (d8), anion ë ribbons of squares (dsp2) Ba(CuO2)2#, red, stab. M6[CuO3]2, M = Li, Na, diamagn., anion ë 2 squares sharing a edge, semiconduct.
MClO; MBrO(Ohë) K2S2O8
O
4;
K
2S 2O 8;
lO
+
CuF3, red. F 2(p,
}
KI
O
4
HF ( 60 ) t)
X:; H2O
[CuX2] ë, colrl., diamagn. (d 10), linear
t
2ë
Cl
Xë O2
H2O
[Cu(H2O)6]2+, bl., paramagn. H2O [Cu(H2O)5(OH)]+ H2O [Cu2(OH)]3+, 7 (d 9) cation, elongated oct. Kstab.=106 20) H+ Kstab. = 10 H+
OH (pH&5)
Cu(OH)2#, bl., SP = 10 20, s. in ac., NH4OH, K2bas. = 10 7; K1ac. = 10 10, K2ac. = 10 13 H
H+ Cu2O# yel. (gel), ! red., SP = 10 15, sol. in NH4OH, HHal (conc.), KCN
NH2OH; As33 ; C6H12O6
OH
OHa ë l (OH ë )
[Cu(OH) 4 )] ë , red., diamagn. (d 8 ), square
OH
[Cu(OH)4]2 ë . [Cu (OH)6)]4 ë, 15 H2 O bl., oct. (sp 3d 2), Kstab. = 10 bl., paramagn., paramagn. tetrah.
Cu O Fe
H+ NH3 +
[Cu(NH3)2] , colrl., diamagn. (d 10 ), linear (sp) ion, ex. only in s., Kstab. = 1011
11)
3+
Clë
+
)
9)
! F2 + . . .
[CuCl4] , orange, paramagn. [CuCl4(H2O)2] , grn., para(d 9) ion, oblate tetrah. (sp 3) H O magn. ion, oblate oct. (sp 3d 2) 2
H2SO4; HNO3; HCl+O2; CH3COOH+O2
OH
M[Cu(N3)3]; M2[Cu(N3)4]; M4[Cu(N3)6]
( 78 )
2+ 2ë
Zn; Fe
NH 3(
M[CuS4], M = NH4, K ë Cs, red.
+ HF
F2(p, t) + CsCl
X = CN SCN I Br Cl K.stab = 1024 1011 109 106 105
H 2O+
M2[CuS4], Kstab. = 106
Cs2CuF6, orange, rapidly react. with H2O, meff = 1.77 (1 unpair. el.), low-spin oct. (t62g e1g),
K3CuF6, grn., paramagn., high-spin oct. (sp3d 2); + H2O ! F2 + . . . Cs[CuF4], anion ë square, diamagn. (dsp2) 28)
CuX#, X = Hal, CN, SCN, SO3, colrl.
Cu#, red.
( 2 NH3)
Na5[Cu(HIO6)2] 3.8 H2O; Na5[Cu(H2TeO6)2] 11.5 H2O, brn., diamagn., in anions ë square [CuO4], strong Ox. 24)
O 2+
K2[Cu(CN)4], colrl., stab., + CN ! vlt. cyanides whith high CN of Cu at.
1+
)
MCuF3, colrl. framework or layers elongated oct. M2CuF4, HCuCl3 3 H2O, CsCuCl3, red, chains of oct. Cs2CuCl4, orange, anion ë oblate tetrah. 7) M2[CuCl4(H2O)2], M = K ë Cs, grn. Rb3[Cu2Cl7], layers of oct. [Cr(NH3)6][CuCl5], trig. bipyr. HCuBr3 10 H2O; MCuBr3, blk. M2CuBr4, red Cs2CuBr4, blk., oblate tetrah., all polyhedra are dist. (Jahn-Teller effect, d9)
; 200
[Cu(NH3)2X2], X = Hal, N3, ribbons. of oct. [CuDipy2I ]I, trig. bipyr. (CN 5) [CuPy4]X2, square (dsp2). 30 [Cu(NH3)2](NO2)2, purp., ! grn. 19) CuI2 n NH3, n = 5, 6, 10, 35
6ë H2O IO5ë 6 ; TeO6
KC
2 (H +
Cu ì Hal equ. ax. ì ì 1.95 2.08 2.39 2.5-2.7 2.23 ì 2.28 2.89 2.30 2.87 2.41 2.30 ì ì ì ì ì ì
[Cu(NH3)6]Hal2, cation ë oblate oct. [Cu(NH3)5]SO4. [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]X2, elongated oct. [Cu(NH3)4]X2, X = OH, Hal, NO3, SCN
MOH
12)
8)
Halogenocuprates (II)
! CuO + O2; + HCl ! Cl2 + CuCl2
CuX
[R4N]4[Cu4OCl10]
400
)
2.5+ Li3Cu2O4, 29)
MI
¡mmines of Cu (II), cr., bl.
Cu2O3#, garnet red;
2 (t
S O2 N2H4
2+
2+
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2] , dark bl., NH3 [Cu(NH3)5] , elongated oct., Kstab.=1013 Kstab. = 1011 2+ [Cu(NH3)4]X2 H2 O [(NH3)2Cu](m-OH)]2
20)
89
SILVER Ag
0
4d
5s
;: ;: ;: ;: ;:
;
5p
5d
EN
2+(d 9 ) or "2+"
1+(d 10)
3+(d 8)
1.4
"4+" 5+(d 6 )
; + ) (H x. O3 . O an
AgO# = AgIAgIIIO2, blk., cub., dec. 100
a, Ag3O4 = Ag2O3, blk., 178
b; DH = 13, sol. in HNO3, HClO4; 20 AgIIIAgIIO , 19) Ag2O, brn., dec. 300, DH = 29, SP = 10 8, sol. in ac., an. Ox. (OH ) dec. 20, SO ! Ag SO +O "; + H 2 4 Ag O, 2 4 2 4 2 3 Ag, met., wh., ductile, NH4OH, KCN; +H2O > Ag++ OH (pH>7), K2S2O8 (90 ); O3 (OH ) v. Ox., semiconduct., diamagn., in str. a-form blk. 17) isostr. to conduct., 4 with high thermal and K = 10 ; cub., isostr. to Cu2O (CN Ag 2, sp) dumb-bells [AgIO2] and squares [AgIIIO4], Au2O3 13, 17) in str. ë M electrical conduct., OH I,III 8,17) ] oct. [Ag in str. b-form ë tetrah. [Ag O ] 6 4 H2O (> 50 ) d=10.5, m.p. 962, ) (co ) Ag M2 O OH 12 nc Ag 300 ) b.p. 2210, sol. in ac.-Ox., .) H 4 9) > AgOH 2 ( 0 2 ; M H2O (t) HX (dil.) C H (20 (KCN+O2), 2O N p 2 ( 2 O H E0 Ag+/Ag = 0.80; Argentates 7) M5[Ag(HIO6)2] n H2O Ag7O8X, X = HF2, ClO4, HSO4, NO3, sol. AgClO4, colrl., dec. 486, readily sol. in H2O, org. solv. 2) K[Ag(OH)2], ex. in s. pH 4 7 Na5[Ag(H2TeO6)2] 12.5 H2O blk., with met. lustre, conduct. cub. cl. pack., a 4:08, + ! AgCl; + O2 AgClO3, colrl., m.p. 230, dec. 270; + H t M4[Ag4O4], M = Li ë Cs, yel., light yel., diamagn. (d 8 ), Ag ì Ag 2.88 + H2O ! AgO# + O2 + AgNO3, in str. ë AgBrO3, poorly sol. in H2O, stab. in H+>AgClO3 I III anion ë square anion ë square (dsp 2) 15) Coll. Ag, grn. or blk. 10 cubes [Ag O8] and squares [Ag O4] AgIO3#, SP = 10 , insol. in ac. (t) M3[AgO2], dumb-bell (sp), HX leaves with met. lustre Ag2H3IO6#, yel.; Ag5IO6#, blk. Na4Ag2O3; Na2Ag4O3 ("collargol"), powd. Cs[Ag(SO3F)3], 1000 Ag2SO4#, cr., colrl., m.p. 660; ! Ag + SO2 + O2; MAg3O2; +H2O ! Ag+O2+... yel.-brn. ("protargol"), Ag(SO3F)2, dec. 210; K2[Ag(SO3F)4] 4 SP = 10 , in str. CN Ag 6; +H2SO4 ! AgHSO4 have sterillizing effect. + ) Hal Py + H2O ! O2 + ... , x. (Pt Ag2S2O3#, wh., + H2O ! Ag2S# + H2SO4 2 an. O ) [AgPy4]X2, X = NO3, S2O8/2, orange., 0 Ag CrO #, red-brn.; Ag Cr O #, dark-red 2 4 2 2 7 25 14 v. strong Ox., cation ë square [AgN4] 1 ( Na [Ag(S O ) ], K = 10 3 2 3 2 stab AgNO3#, cr., colrl., m.p. 212, dec. 444, sol. in H2O, alc., " 14) MNO2 Ag3(PO4)2, AgCrO4 Zn K[Ag(NO2)2], Kstab = 103 Py, MeCN, liq. NH3, coagulated protein Ag Cs3Ba[Ag(NO2)6] 2 H2O Alloys AgNO2#, [= AgONO + Ag ì NO2], light yel., dec. 140, 3 + K[Ag(CO3)], in str. ë chain of 90% Ag + 10% Cu ë silver-, SP = 10 ; NH3 = [Ag(NH3)2] [Ag(NO2)2] tetrah. [AgO4] 90% Au + 10% Ag ë gold, AgPO3#, colrl., m.p. 482, sol. in dil. ac. MF+F2 monetary alloys Ag4P2O7#, colrl., m.p. 585 F2; ClF3 19 Amalgams, is easily formed, Ag3PO4#, yel., m.p. 849, SP = 10 Cs2[AgF6], AgF2, cr., colrl., m.p. MAgF3, containes Ag4Hg3, Ag5Hg8 Ag3AsO4#, red; Ag3AsO3#, yel. AgF3#, 6) MIIAgF3, 1) K2PtCl6 12 690, DH = 347, M = K ë Cs (m.p. 276 and 127). In system Ag2CO3#, light yel., dec. 100; SP = 10 , in str. ë tetrah. [AgO4] red-brn., M[AgCl2], anion ë tetrah., str. type, oct. paramagn. (< 110 ), M2AgF4, M= diamagn., Ag ë Zn ë Pb ë delamination, AgCH3COO, sol. in H2O 1%, Kdis = 0.2 21) Kstab = 106 [AgIIIF6], 200 ! ferromagn., strongest 6 =K ë Cs, Ag sol. in Zn-layer (over) Ag[BF4]; Ag[¿F6], E = P, As, Sb, Nb, Ta M[AgBr2], Kstab = 10 d 8(t62ge2g) and 22) AgF2+F2 F-agent; + H2O ! Ca ë Ba/2, Ag3BO3, in str. ë chains of dumb-bells [AgO2] MAgI , M AgI , in 2 2 3 [AgVF6] 16) Zn (t) Ag2O + O3 + HF, Cd/2, Hg/2, Ag[EH4], E = B (wh.), Al (yel.), Ga (orange), dec. 30, 50, 75; str. ë chain of tetrah. in str. ë squares [AgF4] anion ë M[AgF4], n PR3, stab. >100 "Rough Pb" KAg3I4 8 H2O; CsF+F2 (p) Ag[MIVF6], MIV = square 5) M=K ë Cs, [Ag3Hal](NO3)2, Hal = Cl ë I, CN, SCN 11) [R4N]2Ag13I15, RbAg4I5 Ge ë Pb, Ti ë Hf, Rh, Ba2AgF6 [O2], yel., ionic conduct., in str. ë AgF m.p. b.p. DH SP Solv. Pt, Pd, stab. AgCl > AgI. Str. AgHal (Hal = F ë Br) Ag H2O ( O2) v. strong Ox. SO antibakterial 10) 2 NaCl type (CN Ag 6), AgI ë sphalerite or wurtzite types. 0 ;H H+ OH pH 4 7 ; O3 50 18) N 11 S S#, blk., m.p. 827, sol. in HNO (t), KCN; SP = 10 , in Ag ë Pb ores Ag 2 3 H 2 O ± H AgNO3 2 14 [Ag(OH) ] , colrl. linear, 2 2 AgCN#, wh., stab. to hn-vis, SP = 10 , in str. ë linear chains H Ag#, [AgAm4]2+, square NH conc. s. Kstab=104, strong bas. 12 ] 3 AgSCN#, wh., SP = 10 12 ³ " coll. s. [AgAm6]2+, oct., brn. M[Ag(CN)2], linear ion, 9 20) H [ Ag3N#, nitride, exp., brn., DH=+225, SP = 10 or orange, paramagn. Kstab 1021 + o + ë 20) [Ag(NH3)2] , linear, AgN3#, azide, m.p. 252, exp. 300 , ì Ag ì N=N =N ì (d 9), v. strong Ox. Mn[Ag(SCN)n+1], n 1 5, 7 = 10 K AgONC, fulminate, exp., detonator; AgOCN, cyanat stab 9, 18) 8 Kstab 10 CuAg3S2, "jalpaite"; Ag8GeS6, "argirodite" 2
O
Zn
+
K
C
N
O2 (ëSO2, baking)
K
2C
O
3
OH 8) K + 2S 2O 4 IO .; K Ox n.
(a
K
90
N. Turova, Inorganic Chemistry in Tables, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20487-6_33, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
:;
GOLD Au
0
1+(d 10)
5d
6s
;: ;: ;: ;: ;:
;
6p
6d
EN 1.4
>260 ; H2; CO (100 )
2O
AuOCl;, red, sol. in conc. HCl;
; Br 2 (20 )
M[AuCl2], Kstab. = 109, M[AuBr2], Kstab. = 1013 M[AuI2], anions diamagn., linear (sp), + H2O ! ! Au+[AuHal4]ë
[Au(SO3F)3]2 Au2(SeO4)3, yel. Au(TeOF5)3 14)
290
! Au + Cl2 + O2;
AuCl2, red, diamagn., I 0 [AuIII 2 Au2Cl4] , [AuIIICl2Cl2/2]0 [AuICl2/2]0 ë chair, square, dumb-bell 16)
t
DH
500 150
348 117
100 20
54 ì
AuHal3 ! AuHal + Hal2. In str. AuF3 ë spirals from squares. In str. and gas ë Au2Hal6 (Hal = Cl ë I) ë êat 7,8) dimeres
16)
M3[AuS2], colrl., anion dumb-bell 10) MAuS K[Au(C:CH)2]
Hal2 + CN Au(CN)3 3 H2O;, colrl. Au(SCN)3;, red, v. unstab. Au2S3, blk., hydr.; 200 ! Au + S
[Au2O3 x NH3 +Au(NH2)nXm(NH)p];, "fulminic gold", yel.-brn., exp., sol. in KCN [Au(NH3)4]X3;, X = NO3, CrO4/2, insol. in conc. ac. [Au(NH3)4]3+, colrl. ion, Kstab. = 1030
M[AuF4]n, light-yel., anion ë elong. oct. MAuCl4, M = Na ("Au-salt"), K ( H2O), Cs;, yel., diamagn. HAuCl4 4 H2O, "Au-chloride", light-yel.,hyg.,needles, Kstab. =1022
AuF5,red-brn., AuF7, cr. [F] yel., volat. m. p. 75, diamagn., H2O DH = 473, 100 Au2O3+Au in str. ë cycle 4) [AuF5]4, in gas [AuF5]2 3)
#
120
! AuCl3 + H2O + HCl KAuBr4 2 H2O, purp., anion ë square, Kstab. = 1031 K3AuBr6, yel., anion ë dist. oct. KAuI4, blk., strong Ox. 2) HAuI4, unstab. H[Au(CN)4]3H2O, sol. in alc., Et2O 200 K[Au(CN)4], H2O, colrl., anion ë square, Kstab. = 1056 K[Au(SCN)4], orange, Kstab. = 1042 NaAuS2 4 H2O, colrl., dec. 30 H2 S
NH
gas
K
60
Br
2
rF
2
M[AuF6]n, yel., diamagn., anion ë oct. (d 2 sp3 ) 3)
Cl +H
M2Au2Hal6, in str. ë dumb-bell [AuIHal2] and squares [AuIIIHal4]
dec. AuF3, orange AuCl3, red., m. p. 288 (p) AuBr3, brn. AuI3;, grn.
8)
13) Na5[Au(HIO6)2] 3.5 H2O M[Au(SO3F)4]; M[Au(SO4)2], yel.; K5[Au(SO3)4], colrl. M[Au(NO3)4], yel. H[Au(NO3)4] 3 H2O, yel. K2H[Au(NO3)6], M[Au(CH3COO)4], anion ë square
Cl 2
240
H
08); C l2 (200 8)
H+ (pH&7)
¡urates (III), K[Au(OH)4] H2O, yel. MII[Au(OH)4]2, M = Ca ë Ba ( 5 H2O, grn.), anion ë square (dsp2 ) NaAuO2, M6[Au2O6], anion ë 2 squares 12) sharing a edge
NaNO3 (ë NO)
Ox H2SeO4; HSO3F; an.
[Au4L4(m-I2)]; [Au6L8]X2; Au5L4Cl=[AuI(Au0L)4]+Cl ; [Au8L7]X2 = [AuI(Au0L)7]X2; [Au9L8]X3; [Au11L7X3]; L = PR3; clusters ë [Aun], n = 4 (tetrah.), 6 (Ñct.), etc. 11)
2
OHë
M3[Au(S2O3)2] H2O, colrl., anion ë linear [S ë Au ë S] 9)
sol. in aq. regia; ! Au + S Au2S2;, blk.-brn. Au3N, nitride, exp.; NH3 AuN3, azide, colrl., sol. in ¯2°, DH = +280, exp. even in s. 18) Au2C2, yel., exp. [Au(NH3)2]+, colrl., linear cation, Kstab. = 1027 [Au(H2O)2]+
1 ë (s ) 0 (d s )
3,
Au2O3 2 H2O;, "auric ac.", yel.-brn., sol. in ac., alk., Kac = 10 12 (I), 10 14 (II), 10 16 (III) >Kbas.
M+Auë, M = K ë Cs M3OAu 19)
10 1
7+(d 4)
100
¡urates (I), Cs[AuO], in str. ë anions [Au4O4]4 6) Na3AuO2,
F2 (35
5+(d 6)
AuO(OH) ëH2O(P2O5)
AuCN;, yel., isostr. to AgCN HCl M[Au(CN)2], colrl., AuSCN;, dec. 140; anion ë linear, + H2O ! Au(SCN)3 + H2 Kstab. = 1039 M[Au(SCN)2], Kstab. = 1023 Au S;, grey or brn. powd.,
2
Au2O3, powd., brn., DH = net of squares 5)
AuO = AuI[AuIIIO2], powd., grn.
Au2O x H2O;, dark-vlt.; + MOH ! bl. sol. MOH
Au, met. yel., d = 19.32, m. p. 1064.4; b. p. 2947, volat. >1000 , does not react. with O2, N2, C, S; sol. in aq. regia, electrolytic ë reéning (Cl2 + HCl), in s. HAuCl4 (H2SO4 + HNO3), (H2SO4 + HMnO4), H2SeO4 (t), (KCN + O2); Zn[ M2Zn(CN)4] K[Au(CN)4] E0 Au+/Au = 1.68, sld. E0 Au3+/Au = 1.50 sld. Cub. cl. pack. (Cu str. type), a=4.08, Au ì Au 2.88 Cl 2( 3 electroI2 50 (5 ); dispergating 0ë B 10 r2 ( "Coll. gold" (negativ), is 0 70 ) formed in v. dil. s., with ); increasing particle size 1,17) color changes as follows: DH red ("Cassius purple"), AuF, ex. only in gas ì bl., vlt., blk. AuCl;,cr.,lightyel.,unstab. 33 AuBr;, cr., yel. 18 AuI;, cr., light-yel. +1 Alloys Au Amalgam contain In str.ë chains Hal AuHg2, AuHg3, Au3Hg Au t (m. p. 124, 310, 421) AuHal ! Au + Hal2; In the system Cu ì Au t; hn
vis + H2O ! Au + [AuHal4] continuous series of sld. stab. AuI>AuCl; s.,