Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary)

Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon

Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series Edited by

Alexander Lubotsky

VOLUME 4

Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon By

Rick Derksen

LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008

This book is printed on acid-free paper. This publication has been made possible by the financial support of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISSN: 1574-3586 ISBN: 978 90 04 15504 6 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ................................................................................................................................. vii ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................................................. ix INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 1 1. Origin of the dictionary .................................................................................................... 1 2. Theoretical framework ......................................................................................................2 2.1 General considerations and Proto-Indo-European ........................................2 2.2. Balto-Slavic accentology .....................................................................................3 2.2.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................3 2.2.2. Balto-Slavic developments ................................................................................ 4 2.2.2.1 The rise of the mobile paradigm ...................................................................... 4 2.2.2.2 Hirt’s law.............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2.3 Winter’s law ..........................................................................................................7 2.2.3 Slavic accentology................................................................................................8 2.2.3.1 Introduction: Stang 1957.....................................................................................8 2.2.3.2 Progressive shis ................................................................................................ 9 2.2.3.3 Illi-Svity’s law and the neuter o-stems ........................................................10 2.2.3.4 The fate of the Balto-Slavic acute and circumex......................................... 12 2.3 Substratum borrowings ....................................................................................14 3. Structure of the entries ....................................................................................................16 3.1 The reconstructed etymon ...............................................................................16 3.2 Grammatical information ................................................................................16 3.3 Accent paradigm................................................................................................ 17 3.4 Meaning .............................................................................................................. 17 3.5 ESSJa.................................................................................................................... 17 3.6 Church Slavic ..................................................................................................... 17 3.7 East Slavic ........................................................................................................... 18 3.8 West Slavic.......................................................................................................... 18 3.9 South Slavic ........................................................................................................ 19 3.10 Balto-Slavic........................................................................................................ 20 3.11 Baltic.................................................................................................................... 21 3.12 Proto-Indo-European .......................................................................................22 3.13 Cognates .............................................................................................................22 3.14 Discussion of the etymology............................................................................22 3.15 Notes....................................................................................................................22 3.16 Cross-references.................................................................................................22

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DICTIONARY ...........................................................................................................................25 REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................569 INDICES ................................................................................................................................. 583

PREFACE The work on the etymological database on which this dictionary is based began in the autumn of 1998 and continued until the spring of 2002, when I started compiling a Baltic etymological database. The project was nanced by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), whose support I gratefully acknowledge. Since July 2005 I have been employed part-time as an editor of the Indo-European Etymological Dictionary project, which position is nanced by Leiden University and Brill. In this period I completed the Slavic etymological database as much as possible and transformed it into a book. It is my convinction that historical linguistics is all about details. Most of the entries that make up this dictionary fail to meet the standard that I consider desirable for etymological investigations. That said, I admit that the project of a single-volume Slavic dictionary to be written by one author called for a dierent approach. This book is as much a tool for further research as it is a collection of etymological case-studies. I hope that I shall be able to tie up some loose ends in my Baltic etymological dictionary. For at least ten years the collaborators of the IEED have exchanged views at Tuesday morning sessions. It seems appropriate to thank all colleagues who took part in these sessions at one time or another and may have made a contribution to the present dictionary. They are, in alphabetical order: Lucien van Beek, Robert Beekes, Dirk Boutkan†, Johnny Cheung, Michiel Driessen, Alwin Kloekhorst, Guus Kroonen, Alexander Lubotsky, Hrach Martirosyan, Michaël Peyrot, Tijmen Pronk, Peter Schrijver, Michiel de Vaan, and Caroline aan de Wiel. I owe special thanks to Alexander Lubotsky for his willingness to be the sole proofreader of the manuscript. Jan Biovský provided useful comments on the Czech material. For technical support I would like to thank Thomas Olander, who supplied a font that even includes Slovincian, and Maarten Hijzelendoorn, who wrote a macro for generating the indices. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to Willem Vermeer, who was always prepared to share his vast knowledge of Slavic accentology, and my promotor Frederik Kortlandt, whose work in the eld of Slavic provided the foundation for this dictionary. To my regret, our Ukrainian colleague Anatolij Nepokupnyj, linguist and poet, who always showed a keen interest in the Balto-Slavic component of the IEED, is no longer with us to witness the publication of this dictionary. I fondly recall our conversations in Vilnius and Paris. Leiden, October 2007

ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATIONS OF LANGUAGES Aeol. Alb. Arm. Av. Bel. Bret. BSl. Bulg. CS ak. CroatCS Cz. Dan. Dor. Dzk. Est. Fi. Gaul. Gk. Go. Hitt. Hung. Kajk. Kash. LAv. LSrb. Lat. Latv. Lith. Liv. Lomb. MBulg. MDu. ME MHG MIr. MLG MLat.

Aeolic Albanian Armenian Avestan Belorussian Breton Balto-Slavic Bulgarian Church Slavic akavian Croatian Church Slavic Czech Danish Doric Dzkian Estonian Finnish Gaulish Greek Gothic Hittite Hungarian Kajkavian Kashubian Late Avestan Lower Sorbian Latin Latvian Lithuanian Livonian Lombardian Middle Bulgarian Middle Dutch Middle English Middle High German Middle Irish Middle Low German Medieval Latin

Mor. MW Mac. Mcd. MoDu. MoE MoFr. MoGk. MoHG MoIr. Mong. Nw. OBel. OCorn. OCS OCz. OE OHG OIc. OIr. OLat. OLith. OPl. OPr. ORu. OS OSlk. OSw. OW Osset. PGmc. Piem. Pl. Plb. PSl. Ru. RuCS Rom.

Moravian Middle Welsh (Ancient) Macedonian Macedonian Modern Dutch Modern English Modern French Modern Greek Modern High German Modern Irish Mongolian Norwegian Old Belorussian Old Cornish Old Church Slavic Old Czech Old English Old High Herman Old Icelandic Old Irish Old Latin Old Lithuanian Old Polish Old Prussian Old Russian Old Saxon Old Slovak Old Swedish Old Welsh Ossetic Proto-Germanic Piemontese Polish Polabian Proto-Slavic Russian Russian Church Slavic Romanian

ABBREVIATIONS

x SCr. SerbCS Skt. Slk. Sln. Slnc. Span.

Serbo-Croatian Serbian Church Slavic Sanskrit Slovak Slovene Slovincian Spanish

Sw. Toch. B USrb. Ukr. W Žem.

Swedish Tocharian B Upper Sorbian Ukrainian Welsh Žemaitian

ABBREVIATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL TERMS, ETC. A act. adj. adv. aor. C c. conj. D du. f. G I imper. impf. inf.

accusative active adjective adverb aorist consonant commune conjunctive dative dual feminine genitive instrumental imperative imperfect innitive

inj. L m. med. N n. sg. pass. pf. pl. pres. pret. ptc. V v.

injunctive locative masculine middle nominative neuter singular passive perfect plural present preterite participle vocative verb

SYMBOLS * > < >>
*ou before a vowel, because otherwise the medial front vowel of OPr. widdew is hard to explain. For the initial laryngeal, cf. also Lubotsky 1994, where it is argued that the adjective on which the word for ‘widow’ is based ultimately goes back to *dui-dh&-u. *vlgk adj. o ‘moist’ CS E W S

RuCS v"lg"k" Ru. vólgkij (dial.); Ukr. vóhkyj Cz. vlhký; Slk. vlhký; Pl. wilgi (from *v!lg") Sln. vógŠk, f. vóhka; vóhŠk, f. vóhka; vogk, f. vohkà

BSl. B

*wil‹gLith. vìlgšnas (Žem.) 3; Latv. vilgans

PIE Cogn.

*ulgOHG welc ‘moist, mild, withered’

See also: *vòlga; *volžiti

*vlk m. o (c) ‘wolf ’ CS E

OCS vl!k" Ru. volk, Gsg. vólka

*v%r˜ti

537

W S

Cz. vlk; Slk. vlk; Pl. wilk SCr. vk, Gsg. vka; ak. vk (Vrg., Hvar), Gsg. vka; (v)k (Orb.), Gsg. (v)ka; Sln. v|k, Gsg. v|ka, Gsg. vok; Bulg. v‘lk

BSl. B

*wilkós Lith. vikas 4; Latv. vìlks OPr. wilkis

PIE Cogn.

*ulk-o-s Skt. v¼¥ka-; Gk. •‡€; Go. wulfs

The oxytone accentuation of the Balto-Slavic form hinges on the absence of Lithuanian forms belonging to AP (2), the Slavic evidence being inconclusive due to the generalization of accentual mobility in masculine o-stems. The evidence from other branches of Indo-European points to an original barytone. *vlna f. # (a) ‘wool’ CS E W S

OCS vl!na Ru. vólna (dial.); volná (dial.); Ukr. vóvna Cz. vlna; Slk. vlna; Pl. wena SCr. vµna; ak. (v)µna (Vrg., Orb.); Sln. vóna; Bulg. v¹lna

BSl. B

*wíl‹na‹ Lith. vìlna 1; Latv. vina OPr. wilna ‘skirt’

PIE Cogn.

*Hulh&-neh' Skt. rÁ-; Lat. lna; Go. wulla

*vlnà f. # (c) ‘wave’ CS E W S

OCS vl!na Ru. volná, Asg. volnú {1} Cz. vlna; Pl. wena Bulg. v‘lná

BSl. B

*wil‹nLith. vilnìs f.(i) 4; vilnià (E. Lith., DP) f.(i) 2; Latv. viR_a (E. Latv.) f.(i) 4

PIE *ulH-nCogn. Skt. rmí- m. {1} In Old Russian usually AP (c), occasionally (b) (Zaliznjak 1985: 138). *vr ti v. ‘boil’ CS E W S

OCS v!r *geg- as a result of assimilation. *želd; *želdica m. o; f. j# ‘glazed frost, sleet’ CS E

S

CS žlYdica f.( j#) ‘sleet’ Ru. óželed’ (dial.) f.(i) ‘glazed frost, crust of ice over snow’; oželéd’ (dial.) f.(i) ‘glazed frost, crust of ice over snow’; oželed’ (Tersk.) f.(i) ‘crust of ice on trees’; oželédica f.( j#) ‘glazed frost’; oželédica (S. dial.) f.( j#) ‘black ice, thin crust of ice over snow’; Ukr. óželed’ f.(i) ‘glazed frost’; oželéda f.(#) ‘glazed frost’; oželédica f.( j#) ‘glazed frost’ Pl. ­ód (obs.) m.(o) ‘sleet’; ­ód] (obs.) f.(i) ‘glazed frost, sleet’; Slnc. zl¶u^ f.(i) ‘icicle’, Gsg. zlùo^ä; Plb. zlåd m.(o) ‘hail’ Sln. žl¤d m.(o) ‘glazed frost, sleet’; žl—díca f.(#) ‘glazed frost’

PIE Cogn.

*gelh'dGk. ¼¶• X f. ‘hail’; MoP žla f. ‘hail, hoarfrost’

W

*žel ti I v. ‘regret’ CS W

RuCS želYti ‘regret, grieve’ Cz. želeti ‘regret’

See ' *žal!. The verb has an e-grade *gelH-. *želti II; *želàti v. (a) ‘wish, want’ CS E S

OCS želYti ‘wish, want’, 1sg. želYj0; želati ‘wish, want’, 1sg. želaj0 Ru. želát’ ‘wish, want’ SCr. žèljeti ‘wish, want, desire’, 1sg. žèlm; ak. žel›ti (Vrg.) ‘wish, want, desire’, 2sg. žel§š; žel›t (Hvar) ‘wish, want, desire’, 1sg. želín; ak. želt (Orb.) ‘wish, want, desire’, 1sg. žel§n; Sln. žel—6ti ‘wish, want’, 1sg. želím; Bulg. želája ‘wish, want’

PIE Cogn.

*gelGk. –ª•[ ‘wish, want’

AP (a) applies to the present in *-aj0. The Serbo-Croatian and Slovene i-presents are mobile. See also: *že³a II

*želzo n. o (a) ‘iron’ CS E W S

OCS želYzo Ru. želézo; zelézo (dial.); zjalézo (dial.); Bel. zelézo; zalézo; Ukr. zalízo; želízo Cz. železo; Slk. železo; Pl. ­elazo SCr. žèljezo; ak. želzo (Orb.); Sln. žel—6zJ; Bulg. željázo

BSl.

*gele]-; *gel]-

*že³a I

556 B

Lith. geležìs f.(i) 3¾; gelžìs (Žem.) f.(i); Latv. dzèlzs f.(i); dzelezs (E. Latv.) f.(i) OPr. gelso

*žea I f. j# ‘grief ’ CS E

OCS že#a (Supr.) ORu. že#a

See ' *žal!. *žea II f. j# ‘wish, desire’ CS S

RuCS že#a ‘wish’ SCr. žèlja ‘wish, desire’, Asg. žlju; ak. želj; (Vrg., Novi) ‘wish, desire’; žlja, želj; (Orb.) ‘wish, desire’, Asg. žljo; Sln. žélja ‘wish, desire’

PIE

*gel-ieh'

See also: *žel˜ti II; *želati

*želdk m. o ‘stomach’ CS E W S

RuCS želud"k" Ru. želúdok Cz. žaludek; žaloudek (arch., dial.); Slk. žalúdek; Pl. ­odek SCr. žèludac; ak. želµdec (Orlec); Sln. žel04dŠc, Gsg. žel04dca; žel04dŠk, Gsg. žel04dka

In view of Gk. ¼•¶‘ Npl. f. ‘intestines’, *žel0d- reflects *gel-ond-. The Greek form must reflect *gol-nd-. *žld m. jo (c) ‘acorn’ CS E W S

RuCS želud! m.( jo) Ru. žëlud’ m.( jo) Cz. žalud m.(o); Slk. žalud’ m.( jo); Pl. ­od] f.(i), Gsg. ­o