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Volume One
Eriosyce ( Cactaceae) The genus revised and amplified by
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Succulent
Plant
Research
Volume One
Eriosyce ( Cactaceae) The genus revised and amplified by
Fred Kattermann with contributions by Jonas M. Liithy, Robert S. Wallace David Hunt, Nigel Taylor and Daniela Zappi
edited by David Hunt & Nigel Taylor Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
1994
Eriosyce (Cactaceae): AUTHOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
© 1994 Fred K a t t e r m a n n and contributors
Alt rights reserved.
N o part of
this publication m a y
be
reproduced, in any form or by a n y m e a n s , without prior permission in writing from the Publisher.
ISBN 0 9517234 2 1 Published by David H u n t 5 4 Priory Road Richmond Surrey T W 9 3 D H England
Printed in E n g l a n d
The genua revined and
amplified
I want to thank all those who have helped me in the preparation of this book. I especially want to thank Heriberto and Adela Nichterlein and their family, of Vina del Mar, Chile. They provided my home away from home. It was always with enthusiasm that they put up with "el fanatico". Special mention must also be made of Hans Nichterlein, once an exchange student in our house, on whom I could always depend, just like a son. I am also very grateful to Sr Mario Pino, for many years the president of the Sociedad Cientffica de Valparaiso, a naturalist without equal: Sra Adriana Hoffmann, botanist, author, friend and travel companion, for sharing her knowledge and smoothing the way through Chilean bureaucracy; to Herr Walter Jung, cactophile, guide and friend, who made my first field expeditions possible; to Dr David Hunt and Nigel Taylor (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) for their editorial help and to Dr Danicla Zappi (Kew) for redrawing the distribution maps; to Prof. Otto Zoellner, Dept of Botany, Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, who accompanied me on many of my trips; to Dr E.F. Anderson, formerly of Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, and now at the Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, for his advice and assistance in preparing most of the seed, plant and pollen SEM pictures, and especially to Christine Thomson at Whitman for her technical help; to Dr Steven Koppe from Montclair State College, New Jersey, for allowing me use of the SEM facility at that college; and last but not least to Dr Robert Wallace of Iowa State University for preparing and writing the cladistic analysis. Fred Kattermann 719 Route 519, Wantage, NJ 04761, U.S.A.
Succulent Plant
Research
Volume One
CONTENTS Summary - Zusammenfassung - Resumen
6
Erioayce (Cactaceae): The genus revised and amplified Fred Kattermann Introduction Previous study Historical landmarks Scope of present study General conclusions Outlline of proposed classification Characters used in classification Reproductive system Allied genera Uses and economic importance Threats to the survival of Eriosyce species Cultivation Selected bibliography Systematic treatment
7 7 8 10 10 11 12 17 17 20 20 21 23 25
APPENDICES I.
Validation of new names
117
II.
Eriosyce laui J. Luthy sp. nov Jonas M. Liithy
120
III. Phylogenetic analysis of Erioayce Robert S. Wallace
125
IV. Documentation of accepted names and synonyms David Hunt, Nigel Taylor & Daniela Zappi
131
Alphabetical list of synonyms Index of accepted taxa Index of illustrations
170 174 175
В
Eriosyce (Cactaceae):
Summary.
T h e g e n u s Eriosyce
The genus revised and amplified
Phil. (Cactaceae-NotocacteacJ is revised and amplified to include 3 3 species
and various infraspecific taxa previously classified in Neoporteria
sens. lat. A s circumscribed here
Eriosyce
ranges along the western aide of South A m e r i c a , from central Chile to south-western Peru, and on the e a s t side of the A n d e s in western A r g e n t i n a , from M e n d o z a to Salta. T h e data upon which this study is based derive from field observations and herbarium collections m a d e by the principal author ( K a t t e r m a n n ) . Bibliographical and nomenclatural details (Appendix IV» and a pbylogeneLic a n a l y s i s (Appendix III) are supplied b y various collaborating authors, and a new species, E. laui J. Luthy, is described in Appendix II. A study of seed-morphology utilizing the S c a n n i n g Electron Microscope is presented and taxa at all ranks are keyed out, described and illustrated by m e a n s of colour photographs and/or line drawings. T h e g e n u s is divided into two sections and several subsections and all new n a m e s and combinations required are published and listed ' A p p e n d i x 11: sect. Eriosyce Pyrrhocactus
<E. bulbocalyx.
fE. islayensis); limariensis, napina,
E. confinis.
E. odieri,
E. tenehrica.
E. strausiana,
and sect. Neoporteria E. crispa,
E. taltalensis,
E. garaventae. E. occidta).
E. laui) and subsect. Neoporteria
Zusammenfaasung.
with subsect. Eriosyce
E. umadeave.
Die G a t t u n g Eriosyce
\E. aurata. E. rodent iophila).
E. andreaeana,
with subsect. Horridocactus E. aspdlagae.
E. marksiana.
subsect. Chileosycc IE. chilensis,
E. villicumensis)
(E. recondita,
E. engleri,
<E. esmeraldana,
E. subgibbosa,
Islaya
E. kunzei,
E. heinrichiana,
E. aerocarpa,
E. sociabilis,
subsect.
and subsect.
E. vurvispina,
E. senilis,
E. E.
E.
krausii.
E.
villosa).
Phil. ' C a c t a c e a e - N o t o c a c t e a e ( wird revidiert und erweitert und
umfasst nun 3 3 A r t e n und verschiedene infraspezifische T a x a . die fruher zu Neoporteria worden sind. In der hier vorgeschlagenen U m s c h r e i b u n g ist die G a t t u n g Eriosyce
sens. lat. geslelll
auf der westlichen Spite
von S u d a m e r i k a zwischen Zentral-Chile und dem siidwestlichen Peru verbreitet, sowie dstlich der A n d c n im westlichen Argentinien von M e n d o z a bis Salta. Die dieser Studie zugrundeliegenden Duten wurden im Feld und aulgrund d e r H e r b a r b c l e g e des Hauptautnrs < K a t t e r m a n n ) erarbeitet. Hibliographische und n o m e n k l a torische Details i A n h a n g I V ) sowie die phylogenetische A n a l y s e l A n h a n g Ш ) wurden von verschiedenen Mitarbeitern beigesteuert, und die neue A r t E. laui J. Luthy wird beschrieben i A n h a n g III. Zusatzlich wird eine S E M - S t u d i e der S a m e n m o r p h o l o g i e vorgestellt. Die Taxa aller R a n g s l u f e n werden
aulgeschlusselt.
beschrieben und mit Fnrbbildern nder Zeichnungen illustriert. Die G a t t u n g wird in zwei Sektionen und verschiedene Subsektionen eingeteilt. und zahlreiche neue N a m e n und Kumbinationen werden publiziert und aufgelistet ( A n h a n g I): Sektion Eriosyce Pyrrhocactus Islaya
curvispina. engleri,
<E. bulbocalyx.
(E. islayensis); E. kunzei.
E. limariensis,
E. heinrichiana.
esmeraldana,
Resumen.
E. umadeave,
E. confinis,
E. napina.
E. aerocarpa.
E. subgibbosa.
m i t Suhsektion Eriosyce
E. strausiana.
und die Sektion Neoporteria E. odien.
E. krausii.
E. sociabilis.
El genero Eriosyce
E. senilis,
E. crispa.
E.
E. rodentiophilu),
E. vitlicumensisl
E. garaventae.
E. taltalensis.
E. tenebrica.
<E. aurata.
E. andreaeana,
mit der Subsektion Horridocactus E. occulta*,
Subsektion
und Subsektion <E. recondita,
E. aspdlagae,
E. IE.
E. laui) und mit der Subsektion Neoporteria
>E.
chilensis,
villosa).
Phil. (("actaceae-Notocacteaei h a sido revisado у ampliado, aclualmente incluye
3 3 especies у diversas categories infraespecificas q u e anteriormente fueron clasificadas en Neoporteria lat. Eriosyce
E.
E. marksiana,
der Subsektion Chileosyce
sens,
s e encuentra distribuido a lo largo del oeste de A m e r i c a del S u r . de la parte central de Chile
hasta el Sudoeste de Peru, t a m b i e n en el lado este de la Cordillera de los A n d e s , oeste de A r g e n t i n a , de M e n d o z a a S e l l a . Los datos f u n d a m e n l a l e s en el presente estudio fueron obtenidos por el principal autor < K a t t e r m a n n i en el cam no. у d o c u m e n l a d o s con materia) de h e r b a n o . Detalles de bibliugrafiay nomenclatura lApendice I V ) у la filogenia del grupo lApendice III) fueron contribuidos por varios eolaboradores. S e describe una especie nueva, E. laui
J. Luthy lApendice II). S e efectuaron estudios de morfologia de las semillas
utilizandn Microscopio Electronic*) de barrido. S e presentan claves de identifkaciun para todos los niveles. descripciones у
folografias a color y/o dibujos. El genero se subdivide en
dos secciones
subsccciones. los nombres у combinaciones n u e v a s se encuentran en el Apendice I: secc. Eriosyce Eriosyce
IE. aurata.
andreaeana, IE. recondita. marksiana,
E. villicumensis) E. curvispina, E. engleri.
iE. esmeralduna, subgibbosa.
E. rodentiophilai,
subsecc. Pyrrhocactus
у subsecc. Islaya <E. islayensis); E. kunzei.
E. heinrichiana.
E. aerocarpa.
E. sociabilis.
>E. bulbocalyx.
E. limariensis, E. napina.
E. krausn,
E. senilis.
E.
у secc. Neoporteria
E. confinis, E. (xlieri.
E. tenehrica,
villosal.
E. strausiana,
E. crispa.
E. taltalensis,
con
con subsecc.
E. garaventae, E. occulta),
varias
con subsecc.
E. umadeave,
subsecc.
E. laui) у subsecc. Neoporteria
E.
Harridwactus
E. aspdlagae,
E.
ChUemyce
<E. chilensis.
E.
Succulent
Plant
Research
Volume One
Eriosyce (Cactaceae): The genus revised and amplified Fred Kattermann Introduction Eriosyce, as here redefined, is a genus of 33 species of subglobular, globular, elongated or rarely almost columnar form. It can be recognized by the presence of wool and bristles on the pericarpel and tube (except for Eriosyce laui J. Luthy sp. nov., in which the flower is naked: see Appendix II), a hollow, dehiscent fruit, which has a basal opening, the seeds loose within and seeds with a small hilum (hilum-micropylar region or HMRi. The hilum rim at the micropyle of the seed is often modified by a thickening, forming a partial to complete annular structure around the micropyle. Floral characters vary somewhat within the genus. The flower-tube is funnelform and usually has some wool or bristles in the axils of the bract-scales. Some flowers are adapted for hummingbird pollination, and in some of these the flower is almost tubular. Eriosyce belongs to tribe Notocacteae, and occurs from central Chile, with its southernmost limit near Concepcion at 37°S, to southern Peru, where it reaches the Rio Omas at 14 S, and eastward into north-west Argentina, from Mendoza to Salta Map 1). C
Previous study The most recent taxonomic treatment of this group of plants was that of Backeberg 1958-62). The later treatment by F. Ritter (1980) can only be viewed as a catalogue at population descriptions because it lacks a key to species. Backeberg's treatment separated these plants into the genera Eriosyce, Islaya, Horridwactus, Neochilenia, Neoporteria and Pyrrhocactus. Donald & Rowley (1966) consolidated the above genera in Neoporteria, except for Eriosyce. In the past Eriosyce was always excluded from any revision of this South American group, as in the work of Donald & Rowley, although they did suggest that Eriosyce was closely related. In a complete study one cannot exclude Eriosyce. Nevertheless, their work laid the foundation for the present treatment. The group as a whole has had a chequered taxonomic and nomenclatural history since the first of its species were discovered more than a century and a half ago. Some :>f the chief landmarks are as follows:
7
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Historical landmarks 1829. Cactus curvispinus, the earliest known species now referred to Eriosyce, was named by Bertero. It was described by Colla in 1833. Meanwhile, in 1831, Haworth described Echinocactus subgibbosus, later to be the type of Neoporteria. Various other species, including the type of Eriosyce itself, Echinocactus sandillon Gay (= E. auratus Pfeiffer, described a few months earlier), were named before 1850. 1872. Dr R.A. Philippi (Descr. pi. nuev., 63. 1872) proposed the genus Eriosyce for E. sandillon, separating it from Echinocactus by reason of the floral tube, produced beyond the ovary and spiny at the apex, and the dry fruit Ctubo elongato supra ovarium producto, apice spinas cum petalis gerente; bacca exsucca'). 1922. Apart from Eriosyce sandillon, all known plants of this South American group had been included in Echinocactus Link & Otto until Britton & Rose's major sub division of the latter genus in vol. 3 of their monograph The Cactaceae. Britton & Rose recognized Eriosyce as a monotypic genus, using the name E. ceratistes (now considered misapplied) for the only species and referred all but one of the other relevant species to two other genera. Those with funnel-shaped flowers and bristles on the flower-tube were placed in the new genus Neoporteria, with Echinocactus subgibbosus Haworth as the type, and those with campanulate flowers in Malacocarpus Salm-Dyck (nom. illegit., ICBN Art. 64), which is now for the most part included in Parodia Speg. sens, lat.). Echinocactus villosus Monville was listed as an uncertain species, perhaps referable to Matucana. The exact identity of the original E. villosus remains uncertain, along with several of the seven species Britton & Rose recognized in Neoporteria. Relevant species placed by Britton and Rose in Malacocarpus were M. reichei (Schumann) B. & R., M. napinus (Philippi) B. & R., M. catamarcensis (Spegazzini) B. & R., M. islayensis (Forster) B. & R., M. strausianus (Schumann) B. & R., M. tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) B. & R. and M. curvispinus (Bertero ex Colla) B. & R. Their broadly based concept of Malacocarpus included plants from Bolivia. Peru, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, as well as from Argentina and Chile. They distinguished it from Eriosyce by the absence of spines at the top of the fruit. 1929. Alwin Berger, in his book Kakteen, divided Malacocarpus, referring the hollowfruited species toNotocact'us (flowers yellow) and Pyrrhocactus (flowers flame-coloured or reddish yellow), with Echinocactus strausianus Schumann as its type. Berger also included E. catamarcensis Speg., E. tuberisulcatus Jacobi and Cactus curvispinus Bertero ex Colla. This classification distinguished the Argentinian forms now referred to Eriosyce from other Notocacteae in Argentina, like Parodia (Notocactus), whilst confirming the close relationship of plants from both sides of the Andes. 1934. Curt Backeberg proposed the genus Islaya, with Echinocactus islayensis Forster as type species, separating it from Malacocarpus on account of its hollow fruit. 1935. Backeberg (in Backeberg & F. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 299, without Latin diagn.) proposed the genus Chilenia for part of Neoporteria B. & R., but overlooked that one
В
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
of the species he included, Echinocactus subgibbosus, was the type of the latter name. After abortive attempts by Backeberg to undo this mistake himself, it was eventually rectified in 1942 by B. Doelz (in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 51: 60) who published Neochilenia Backeberg ex Doelz for the part of Neoporteria with funnelform, rotate flowers (though it is arguable that the name Nichelia Bullock (published in 1938), should take precedence). Meanwhile, Backeberg (Blatter f. Kakteenforschung 1938(6): [16, 21J) proposed another new genus, Horridocactus Backeberg, based on Cactus horrid us Colla, for Chilean species allied to the Argentinian Pyrrhocactus but with the ovary nearly naked. His proposal drew attention to the differences between plants growing on the two sides of the Andes, which he argued were a barrier between the two groups, but the basis for separating the Chilean plants into Horridocactus and Neochilenia (the amount of bristles etc on the floral tube) now seems inadequate. 1957. Y. Ito {Explanatory diagram of the Austroechinocactinae, 148, 292) proposed the genus Thelocephala for Neoporteria napina and another species with prominently tubercled stems. 1959. F. Ritter (in Cactus (Paris) 14(63): Suppl. [5]. 1959) took up Frit's proposed but undescribed genus Chileorebutia, based on Echinocactus reichei Schumann, for various species with tuberous roots and a stem reminiscent of Rebutia spp. These included Neoporteria napina, the type of Ito's Thelocephala, and so the name Chileorebutia Fric ex Ritter is illegitimate. In the same year Ritter (in Succulenta 1959( 10): 129-131) also rejected Backeberg's division of Pyrrhocactus, broadening the genus to include Horridocactus and Neochilenia. 1962. Backeberg's monumental work. Die Cactaceae, completed publication. He continued to place the plants from the east and west side of the Andes in different generic groups and restricted Pyrrhocactus to species from Argentina. His 'Pacific' genera included Eriosyce, Horridocactus, Islaya, Neochilenia (incl. Chileorebutia and Thelocephala), Neoporteria and Rodentiophila (an invalid name). In the 1962 version of his 'phylogenetic' classification, F. Buxbaum (in Krainz, Die Kakteen, Lfg. 21) accepted Pyrrhocactus, Islaya and Neoporteria (incl. Chilenia, Chileorebutia, Horridocactus, Neochilenia and the misplacedReicheocactus) and placed them in his tribe Notocacteae. At that time, Buxbaum regarded the relationships of Eriosyce and Rodentiophila as uncertain, grouping them next to Eulychnia in tribe Leptocereeae, but by the time the final version of his system appeared in 1974 (in Endler, J. & Buxbaum, F.. Die Pflanzenfamilien der Kakteen, ed. 3), he had realized :hat Eriosyce and Rodentiophila should be placed in the Notocacteae (I.e., page 161, note no. 48). 1966. Donald & Rowley (in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 54-58, 74-77, 83) reunited Hurridocactus, Islaya, Neochilenia, Pyrrhocactus and Thelocephala under Neoporteria. Their work was based on a statistical^analysis of floral and other characters. Plants
9
Kattermann;
Eriosyce
growing on the eastern side of the Andes were once again classified with plants growing on the western side. Islaya from Peru was also included, but Eriosyce was excluded, largely, it seems because of the nomenclatural implications: Notocactus... and Eriosyce run so close that they can be separated by combinations of characters, no one of which is absolute. Artificial considerations, like convenience of use and desire to retain old familiar names tip the balance here.' l
1980. In his monograph, Ritter (Kakteen in Sudamerika, vol. 3) retained the narrower generic concepts proposed in his earlier work, recognizing£>/osycc, Islaya, Neoporteria, Pyrrhocactus (including Horridocactus and Neochilenia) and Thelocephala as genera. He also described many new species. His locality data greatly helped the present author to collect the material used in this revision. 1986. For its 'consensus' list of accepted genera (Hunt & Taylor, eds., in Bradleya 4: 65-78), the IOS Working Party adopted the Donald & Rowley circumscription of Neoporteria, noting that Eriosyce is 'An older name than Neoporteria with which it might otherwise be combined'. The IOS list has been adopted for various subsequent treatments, including Adriana Hoffmann's work on the cacti of Chile (Hoffmann 1989). Scope of present study The writer's conclusions are based on more than a decade of studies of about 500 collections or population samples made during many field trips to Chile and Argentina. Observations in the field and greenhouse were documented with photographs of plants, flowers and fruits, herbarium vouchers and many notes and analytical drawings. A detailed study of seed-morphology was carried out using both the light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Numerous vegetative, floral, fruit and seed characters were considered, and all the recognizable species scored for 58 characters considered to be of taxonomic value. The resulting data-matrix was subjected to a cladistic analysis to test my intuitive conclusions concerning the classification and phylogeny of the group. General conclusions As data accumulated, it became increasingly apparent to me that all the species under discussion should be included in a single genus. The data also suggested that at the species level a much broader approach was necessary than had been adopted of late. Many of the described taxa are local populations representative of much larger species complexes. Number of spines and their length, number of ribs, quantitative covering of the flower tube and ovary by bract-scales and wool etc. are environmentally influenced and are therefore of limited use for classification. Past misunderstandings, incomplete data, ignorance of the rules of nomenclature, and a tendency among authors to describe individual plant populations as separate species, have led to the publication of a large number of unacceptable or doubtful names and consequent taxonomic problems. Many of the names must now be consigned to synonymy or discarded for lack of adequate typification.
10
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Outline of proposed classification Fieldwork carried out from 1977 to 1986 convinced me that Eriosyce in its narrow original sense is only part of a larger and closely related group which includes plants growing in north-western Argentina, central to northern Chile and southern Peru. Consequently I am proposing to enlarge Eriosyce by merging it with Neoporteria sensu Donald & Rowley. Unfortunately the rules of nomenclature prescribe that the larger group lNeoporteria) must be sunk into the smaller (Eriosyce), because Eriosyce is the older name. In defence of Eriosyce, however, it can be argued that it has been a wellknown name, used with a consistent circumscription, since Britton & Rose's mono graph, whereas the circumscription of Neoporteria has varied widely, from few to many species. Included in the expanded concept of Eriosyce are Chileorebutia Ritter, Islaya Backeberg, Horridocactus Backeberg, Neochilenia Backeberg, Neoporteria Britton & Rose, Pyrrhocactus A. Berger and Thelocephala Y. Ito. I am further proposing to divide the expanded genus into two sections, sect. Erio syce, and sect. Neoporteria. Sect. Eriosyce is split into subsection Eriosyce, subsect. Islaya and subsect. Pyrrhocactus. Sect. Neoporteria is divided into subsect. Chileosyce 1 per areole, funnelform to almost tubular, 22-60 mm; tube and pericarpel with numerous scales subtending dense tufts of wool, sometimes with only very short wool or wool absent (pericarpel naked in E. laui), bristlespines present to absent, sometimes only near top of tube or extending to pericarpel, thin and flexible or thick and spine-like, 1-12, appressed or porrect; nectar-chamber ± tubular, often widened at the base; peri a nth-segments pale yellow to deep carmine; stamens numerous, inserted over lower two-thirds of tube; style 10—40 x 1-3 mm; stigma-lobes numerous, diverse in length, thickness and attitude, pale cream to pale carmine red. Fruit a hollow berry, seeds loose within or sometimes some held in a sac-like structure inside the apex of fruit (this structure retains some of the seed and appears to serve as a retardant for seed dispersal), floral remnants persistent, fruit dehiscent by a variously derived basal opening, indehiscent in E. bulbocalyx. Seed 0.7-3.0 mm; hilum ± ovate to keyhole-shaped; micropyle not always obvious, or ± enclosed by special hilum tissue. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 1): Eastern and western slopes of the Andes, from sea level to 3000 m, Argentina, Chile and Peru, 14—37 S. The distribution is almost continuous along the western coastal areas from southern Peru to southern Chile, while at higher elevations populations are more disjunct. The subsections Eriosyce and Pyrrhocactus are separated from each other by the high Andes which reach or exceed 4000 m. N
ARTIFICIAL K E Y T O SECTIONS A N D SUBSECTIONS
1. Floral tube with thick spine-like bristles near apex . . . sect. Eriosyce subsect. Eriosyce 1. Floral tube with thin flexible bristles, often distributed over the pericarpel and tube . . . 2 2. Fruit dehiscent by partial circumscissile slit at base, greenish (red, indehiscent, in E . bulbocalyx) sect. Eriosyce subsect. Pyrrhocactus 2. Fruit dehiscent by complete circumscissile slit at base, or reddish 3 3.
Fruit elongating, >3 cm diam. and or enlarging balloon-like, thin-walled sect. Eriosyce subsect. Islaya 3. Fruit elongating, 1-3 cm diam., not enlarging and balloon-like 4 4.
Perianth-segments upright or directed inward . sect. Neoporteria subsect. Neoporteria
4. Perianth-segments strongly out-curved 5 5. Flower-tube and pericarpel bristles variable, but never porrect sect. Neoporteria subsect. Horridocactus 5. Flower-tube and pericarpel bristles porrect or completely absent sect. Neoporteria subsect. Chileosyce
25
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
KEY TO SPECIES
1. 1. 2.
2.
3.
3. 4. 4. 5. 5. 6.
6. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9.
9. 10. 10. 11. 11. 12. 12. 13. 13. 14. 14.
20
Bristles on flower-tube stiff, spinelike, erect, often constricting the perianth-segments 2 Bristles on flower-tube not stiff and spinelike 3 Stigma-lobes erect or clasped together; stem 12-50 cm diam., apex naked or covered by short wool; ribs 24—40 or more; fruit greenish, covered or partially covered with dense wool; bract-scales large to small; seed 1.9-3.0 mm, hilum region ovate to keyhole-shaped, testacells not arranged in rows or ribs 1. aurata Stigma-lobes spreading; stem 12-32 cm diam., apex covered by wool; ribs 18-32 or more; fruit reddish, with slight wool; bract-scales small; seed 1.8-1.9 mm, hilum oval, testa-cells arranged in distinct rows of single cells 2. rodentiophila Fruit indehiscent; stem 20 x 8-12 cm; ribs 13; flowers 2.5 x 2 cm, perianth-segments narrow lanceolate, 2 mm wide, pale yellow to pale pink; seeds with a large hilum, hilum rim curved outward 3. bulbocalyx Fruit dehiscent; stems, ribs, flowers etc. various; seeds never with outward curving hilum rim 4 Fruit greenish to red. not elongating, dehiscent by a partial circumscissile slit at base, the unequal drying of the fruit wall forming a basal opening 5 Fruit red, elongating, dehiscent by a full circumscissile slit around base 8 Flowers red, narrow funnelform: stem 5-7 cm diam.; ribs 12-14 6. andreaeana Flowers yellow; stem 4-20 cm diam.; ribs 7-21 6 Flowers narrow funnelform to campanulate; stem subglobular to globular, 4-9 cm diam., pearl-grey; ribs 7-11, broad obtuse; perianth-segments 2-3 mm wide, narrow lanceolate 7. villicumensis Flowers wide funnelform; stem, ribs etc. various 7 Stem to 40 x 10-20 cm; ribs 18-21; spines greyish white; perianth-segments 3—4 mm wide, narrow lanceolate 5. umadeave Stem to 20 x 8-15 cm; ribs 12-14; spines yellowish to dark grey; perianth-segments 5-6 mm wide, broadly lanceolate 4. strauaiana Fruit elongating 3-8x diam., sometimes halloon-like 9 Fruit elongating 1—4x diam., never balloon-like 10 Flower-tube and pericarpel covered in very dense wool; bristles always present on tube and sometimes also on pericarpel; stem 5-20 cm diam., apex covered in dense wool; roots fibrous 8. islayensis Flower-tube and pericarpel naked; stem 1.5-2 cm diam., apex not as above; roots large, tuberous 28. laui Perianth-segments strongly curving outward, colour various 11 Peri a nth-segments erect to curving inward, fuchsia red 31 Nectary simple, tubular, not widened at base 12 Nectary modified, widened at base 24 Wool in pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils very short, 1-3 mm, bristles borne only on upper part of tube, 5-10 mm, white, appressed, rarely with >1 per scale axil 13 Wool in pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils 5-15 mm, accompanied by bristles throughout, these 10—20 mm, white, not tightly appressed, 2 or more per scale axil 18 Flower-tube 15-25 mm, wide funnelform, medium to thick-walled; perianth-segments 15-30 mm, variable in width; spines medium thickness, curved 14 Flower-tube 10-15 mm, campanulate, thick-walled; perianth-segments 1.25-1.75 mm wide; spines thickly acicular, strongly curved 17. marksiana Fruit globular or sometimes elongating to 1.5x diam 16 Fruit elongated, 1.5-2.5x diam 17
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
15. Base of stigma-lobes sharply expanded outward at top of style 16 15. Base of stigma-lobes not as above 18 16. Stem to 30 x 14-18 cm; ribs 16-20; seed 1.2-1.7 mm, hilum with micropyle sunken 18. engleri 16. Stem to 20 x 8-20 cm; ribs 14—24; seed 0.9-1.62 mm, micropyle on same plane as or slightly raised above hilum rim 10. curvispina 17. Stem 101-20) x 13-14 cm; spines yellowish; stigma-iobes erect to spreading, 4 mm, creamyellow; seed 1.3 mm, testa tuberculate, sometimes ribbed 11. kunzei 17. Stem 8-13 x 5-15 cm; spines greyish; stigma-lobes clasped together, 4-6 mm, yellowish to orange; seeds c. 1.07 mm, testa ribbed 12. limariensis 18. Ribs not dissolved into tubercles, but often deeply notched 19 18. Ribs dissolved into tubercles 21 19. Spines black to dark greyish, hairlike and tortuous to stiff and acicular; stem subglobular to globular, 5-10 cm diam., blackish grey; ribs 13-16; flower reddish, tube narrow funnelform; stigma-lobes spreading, pale red 14. crispa 19. Spines straw-yellow to white, thin to medium acicular, never tortuous 20 20. Roots fibrous or with only a small taproot; stem 6-12 cm diam., yellowish green, unbranchcd; ribs 11-16, narrow; spines straw-yellow, stiffly acicular; flower greenish yellow, tube narrow funnelform; stigma-lobes clasped together or erect, pale cream 15. garaventae 20. Roots large-tuberous; stem 8-15 cm diam., bright green, freely branching from lower areoles; ribs 5-81-14), broadly obtuse; spines whitish, thin flexible; flower whitish to pale yellow, tube wide funnelform; stigma-lobes pale yellow, spreading 16. aspdlagae 21. Stem 4-8 cm diam., subglobular to globular, often dark brown; flowers trumpet-shaped; pericarpel much longer than wide; stigma-lobes clasped together, 5-6 mm, orange to yellow 19. heinrichiana 21. Stem 2—4 cm diam., grey to reddish brown; flowers funnelform; pericarpel not much longer than wide; stigma-lobes various 22 22. Bristles on pericarpel and tube ± appressed; stem grey, tubercles with short obtuse chin below areole, 4-5 mm diam.; spines 5—8, tightly appressed, black 20. napina 22. Bristles on pericarpel and tube porrect; stem, tubercles and spines various 23 23. Floral bristles red brown; stem often elongating, tubercles 2-3 mm diam.; spines honeycoloured, centrals sometimes present 25. aerocarpa 23. Floral bristles dark brown; stem never elongating, tubercles 4-5 mm diam.; spines black, centrals lacking 27. tenehrica 24. Nectary widened at its ± rounded base 25 24. Nectary widened at its ± flat angular base 26 25. Stem to 100 x 6-12 cm; spines thinly acicular, ± radiating;flowerswide-funnelform, fuchsia red, often with centre white; stigma-lobes spreading 29. chilensis 25. Stem little elongated, 5-15 cm diam.; spines thinly to thickly acicular, curved upward; flowers narrow-funnelform. perianth-segments white with reddish central stripe; stigmalobes clasped together 13. confinis 26. Bristles on pericarpel and tube appressed 27 26. Bristles on pericarpel and tube porrect 30 27. Ribs dissolved into tubercles 2—4 mm diam., with short, obtuse chin below areole; stem 3-5 cm diam.; taproot large; spines rarely to 8 mm; spines horn-coloured, radiating to appressed 21. odieri 27. Ribs dissolved into tubercles with long, acute chin below areole; other characters not in the above combination 28
27
Kattermann: 28. 28. 29. 29. 30. 30. 31. 31. 32.
32.
33.
33.
Eriosyce
Spines often absent, when present to 7, 3-11 mm; stem 3-8 cm diam., subglobular; flowers white 23. occulta Spines always present, to 24, 1-40 mm; flowers various 29 Stem 3-14 cm diam., tubercles with large acute chin below; spines 10-30 mm, centrals 3-6 22. taltalensis Stem 2-5 cm diam., tubercles with short, more obtuse chin; spines 5-15 mm, centrals 0-1 (-2) 9. recondita Bristles on flower-tube dark brown, porrect; flowers white to pink; stigma-lobes clasped together 24. esmeraldana Bristles pale yellowish brown; flowers yellow; stigma-lobes spreading 26. krausii Spines never hair-like or contorted 32 Spines, or some of them hair-like or contorted 33 Stem yellowish or dark green to glaucous green, to 100 x 5—20 cm; spines stiff, acicular; roots mostly fibrous; flowers 22-50 mm, pericarpel and tube with scant wool and few bristles; nectary large, rounded drop-shaped at the base 30. subgibbosa Stem red brown, to 20 x 3-10 cm; spines stiff, acicular, 8-13 mm; flowers 20-30 mm, pericarpel and tube with dense wool and bristles; nectary small, flattened at base 31. sociabilis Spines mostly hairlike, very thin, intermixed with stiff straight acicular spines; stem to 20 x 4-10 cm; flowers 22-30 mm; pericarpel and tube with dense wool and bristles 33. villosa Spines contorted, often interwoven over stem apex; stem to 15 x 4-14 cm; flowers 40-50 mm; pericarpel and tube with variable covering of wool, from almost naked to densely covered, tube often very long 32. senilis
Note: All new names required by the following treatment are validated in Appendix I (pp. 117-119). Synonyms, with places of publication and details of typification, are given in Appendix IV (pp. 131-169). Material of the Kattermann (FK» field collections cited is deposited at the Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona (herbarium acronym: DBG).
Sect. I. Eriosyce Stem medium to large; areoles with white wool of variable length. Spines variable in number and size, mostly upcurved (except in subsect. Islaya, where the central spines are often deflexed). Flowers from young or old areoles, shortly funnel form, yellow to reddish; pericarpel with bristles from the axils of bract-scales, these sometimes only from uppermost axils and stiffly spinelike, never porrect; nectar-chamber simple. Fruit various, dehiscent by a basal or modified basal pore (enlarging 3-10x in subsect. Islaya >. Seed variable in size, hilum sunken, micropyle not or scarcely Burrounded hy special cell structures, hilum rim never raised at micropyle, intercellular depressions sometimes present on testa. D I S T R I B U T I O N . Chile, Peru and Argentina. Diagnostic features: Seeds with large, often deeply sunken hilum, lacking special cell structures around micropyle.
28
FIGURE 2
1-4 E. aurata var. aurata 1, F K - 1 7 1 ; 2 , F K - 1 7 ; 3. FK-5.45; 4. F K - 3 I
E. aurata mr. spinibarbia FK-808 fi
E. rodentiophila
FK-36
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Sect. I. Eriosyce subsect. 1. Eriosyce (spp. nos. 1, 2) Stem large, globular, rarely elongated, 15-50 cm diam.; ribs numerous, 18—42 or more, the number increasing with age, slightly to deeply depressed between areoles, thus forming tubercles, 1-3 cm high; areoles with wool, but never long floccose; spines numerous, stiff acicular, always ± upcurved; roots fibrous. Flowers from areoles formed in previous years; buds, open flowers and ripe fruit sometimes contemporaneous; pericarpel and tube covered in long, very dense white wool, with stiff spine like bristles from upper bract-scale axils, tips of bristles often projecting beyond perianth; stigma-lobes clasped together, upright or spreading; nectary simple. Fruit ovoid, thick-walled, greenish, without apparent elongation upon ripening, dehiscent by a basal pore. Seed large, 1.5—3 mm, black or reddish black; hilum sunken, ovate to keyhole-shaped; micropyle not clearly separated within hilum region. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 2). Chile, western side of the Andes, 25-34\S. At the northern end of this distribution E, rodentiophila inhabits the coastal area between 25-26 S. E. aurata ranges from 26°S, near the town of Copiapo at c. 1000 m above sea level, southward. In the central part of this distribution plants can be found at elevations as high as 2800 m. South of the town Coquimbo at ± 30°S, populations of E. aurata also reach down to sea level. c
Diagnostic features: Plants very large; flower and fruit very woolly; fruit thick-walled; seeds very large. 1. Eriosyce aurata (Pfeiffer) Backeberg Stem subglobular to globular, rarely elongated, green, 10-50 cm diam. or more; apex naked to slightly woolly; ribs 24-42 or more, 1.5-3 cm high, barely to deeply depressed between the areoles; roots fibrous. Flowers from older areoles, arranged in spirals, with buds opening sequentially over an extended period; buds, flowers and fruit contemporaneous; flowers 3-3.5 x 2.2 cm, funnelform; pericarpel and tube wall thick-fleshy, with many bract-scales, completely covered by dense wool, bristles near top of tube stiff, spinelike, erect, 15 mm, often overtopping the perianth-segments; tube 12 mm; perianth-segments 15 x 3 mm, erect, yellow to reddish; style 13-16 x 1.5-2 mm, cream to pink; stigma-lobes 10-14, 2-4 mm, tips clasped together or upright, not constricted at base, cream; ovary locule apex updrawn; nectary simple, 2-3 mm. Fruit 4 x 2 cm. not elongating upon ripening, greenish but densely or loosely covered by wool, thick-walled, fleshy, bract-scales on fruit large (var, aurata) or small (var. spinibarbis), the seeds loose within; dehiscence by a basal pore, seed dispersal mechanism not known; perianth remnant attachment area not visible, 45-60 /( of fruit diam. r
E. aurata was previously known by the misapplied name, E. veratistes, and more recently by the junior, correctly applied synonym, E, sandillon (see Appendix IV). The following varieties can be distinguished: Fruit covered by dense wool, bract-scales on fruit large Fruit loosely covered by wool, bract-scales on fruit small
a. var. aurata b. var. spinibarbis
a. var. aurata Stem 10-50 cm diam. or more; areoles large, 14-18 x 6^8 mm, 10-15 mm apart, indumentum long but not Ooccose, covering stem apex; spines thickly acicular, curved upward, yellowish to later greyish, radials 12-15, 30-40 x 0.82 mm, centrals 4-6, strongly curved, 35—45 x 1.5 mm, base bulbous. Seed ISEM Plates I, II| 1.9-2.9 x 1.3-2 mm. asymmetry ratio 0.45-0.6; testa-cells isodiametric, testa not ribbed, black; hilum deeply sunken, keyhole-shaped (pyriform) to almost ovate; micropyle in narrow section of hilum, hilum rim thickened and modified, not raised. (Seed size and testa appear to vary from population to population).
30
Kattermann: DISTRIBUTION (MAP 2). Chile, from 28-33°S. At the southern end of the distribution the plants grow mostly above 1800 m. Near Coquimbo populations almost reach the coast at about 300 m altitude.
Erioayce
•
£. aurata van aurata
•
E. aurata vat.
•
E.
spinibarbts
rodentioohila
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Huasco: El
Transito, La Pampa, FK-822 iE. lapampaensis Ritter); S of Conay, 2300 m, FK-823; S of Mina Algarrobo, FK-171 iE. algarrobensis Ritter); Domeyko, Pajonales, FK-400 {E. algarrobensis Ritter). Elqui: La Serena, Tres Cruces, FK-454, 536 (£. ausseliana Ritter, invalid); Junta de Chingolos, FK-535. Limari: Ovalle, Rio Los Molles, FK-17; Soco, FK-449 iE. ihotzkyanae Ritter); Estancia Frai Jorge, FK-20a; Portezuela Pangue, FK-31; Combarbala, FK-190 iE. combarbalensis Backeberg); Pta Teniente, FK-486. Choapa: Salamanca, Cuncumen, FK-421. San Felipe de Aconcagua: Putaendo, FK-310. Rudolfo Wagenknecht (La Serena) reports a yellow-flowering, yellow-spined form from Cuesta Las Breas, Prov. Limari. b. var. spinibarbis Ritter Stem 16-25 cm diam., apex naked; areoles with short wool, 8 x 4 mm wide, 8 mm apart; spines thinner than in var. aurata. 0.55—0.75 mm diam., dark horn-coloured, radials 14—16, 25 mm, centrals 6-8, 25-30 mm, strongly curved upward. Fruit with wool only partly covering epidermis, bract-scales small. Seed ISEM Plate U 2.04 x 1.81 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.5; testa red-blackish-brown, slightly ribbed; hilum wide keyhole-shaped to ovate, deeply sunken, 0.36 x 0.48 mm; micropyle in narrow section of hilum, hilum rim barely enlarged at micropyle. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from N of Copiapd, S to the Rio Jorquera. SPECIMENS
EXAMINED. CHILE. Copiapo:
Los Loros, FK-831; Rio Jorquera, FK-524; Puquios, FK-808. This variety is more or less intermediate with E. rodentiophila.
M A P 2. Distribution of Eriosyce
subsect.
Eriosyce.
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
2. Eriosyce rodentiophila Ritter Stem subglobular to globular, 12-32 cm diam.; apex covered by long white wool; ribs 18-35, obtuse, 12-18 mm high, more or less deeply notched to form tubercles; areoles 10 x 5-6 mm, 6-10 mm apart, with long wool; spines thick acicular, 1 mm thick, horn-coloured later grey, curved upward, radials 12-15, 20-30 mm long, centrals 4-8, 30-50 mm; roots fibrous from a short turbinate taproot. Flowers from older areoles, 25—40 x 22-30 mm, reddish; pericarpel and tube covered by dense white wool, with many bract-scales whose tips are long and almost spinelike, bract-scale axils near top of tube bearing stiff erect spinelike bristles to 15 mm, projecting above perianth; peri a nth-segments 8 x 2.5 mm; style 8-15 x 2 mm at base, cream; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 10—12, 5-7 mm, spreading, cream; nectary simple, 1.5-3 mm. Fruit (based on F. Rttter's description! 25-30 x 20-25 mm, reddish yellow, half covered by wool, wall 3-4 mm thick; not self-dehiscent, seed loose within. Seed [SEM Plate II] 1.9 x 1.36 mm, asymmetry ratio 0.3; testa tuberculate to finely ribbed, blackish to greyish brown; hilum ovate, 0.5 x 0.3 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle at narrow end, hilum rim without modification. DISTRIBUTION ( M A P 2t. Chile, along the coast beginning S of Chanaral to N of Taltal (Quebrada Matancillas). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofagasta: Taltal. FK-36; Quebrada Matancillas, 880 m, 12 June 1990, Taylor 740 (K, photos.); N of Paposo, Anderson in FK-851 (seeds); Cifuncho, FK-118, 119, 124. Chanaral: Caleta Flamenco, FK-136; Barquito, FK-394. 832.
PLATE 1 1
Fieldwork in Chile: searching for E.
napina
south of Freirina. L to R: Beatrice and Gerry Barad. Betty and E d G a y . 2
Chilean botanist A d r i a n a Hoffmann at the author's home, with a collection of Chilean cacti laid out according to latitude of origin.
:) E. aurata FK-17 at Rio Molles ( 1 9 7 7 ) .
32
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Sect. I. Eriosyce subsect. 2. Pyrrhocactus (spp. nos. 3-7) Stem semi-globular to globular to elongated, 4-20 cm diam.; ribs many, 7-18, depressed or deeply notched between areoles; areoles large, with whitish wool; spines variable, 10-35, 1.5—4.5 cm; roots not always fibrous, sometimes with a shortly tapering, cone-shaped taproot. Flowers from old or young areoles; pericarpel and tube with short wool, bristles sometimes present on pericarpel, bristles thin hairlike, contorted or straight; nectary simple. Fruit short-ovoid, thinwalled, slightly or not elongating upon ripening, immediately drying out when ripe, dehiscent by a modified basal pore (indehiscent in E. bulbocalyx); attachment area of perianth remnant large. Seeds large 1.6-2.3 mm, testa dark brown or black; hilum large, sunken, oval to keyshaped; micropyle not clearly separated within the hilum region. D I S T R I B U T I O N ( M A P 3). Endemic to Argentina; eastern side of Andes from 24-38°S. The northernmost species is E. umadeave, which grows at Puerta Tastil, W of Salta (Salta), at about 2600 m elevation and possibly in Jujuy. There are no further populations recorded until 29 S, from where populations of the various species are ± continuous southwards until 38 S. b
U
Diagnostic features: Fruit dry when ripe; seed with large, often deeply sunken hilum. 3. Eriosyce bulbocalyx (Werdermann) Kattermann Stem globular to elongated, glaucous green, to 20 x 8-12 cm; ribs 13, notched, 1 cm high, obtuse; spines up to 20, to 30 mm, all strongly curved upward, radials 8-12, centrals 5-8; roots fibrous. Flowers produced from stem apex, sometimes from older areoles, 2.5 x 2 cm; peri a nth-segments 12 x 2 mm, narrow lanceolate, tip acute; pericarpel with tufts of wool and occasionally with bristles from the bract-scale axils; tube with tufts of wool and 3-4, 3 mm bristles; style 14 mm including 8, 1.5-3 mm stigma-lobes, stigma-lobes clasped together; nectary simple, narrow tubular, 2-3 mm. Fruit short oval elongating c. 1.5x at maturity, 10-15 x 7.5-10 mm, at first bright red and fleshy but within a week of maturity wall drying, becoming thin and almost translucent, indehiscent, seed loose within but sticking to the inside of the fruit wall; mode of seed dispersal not known. Seed (SEM Plate IV] 1.6 x 1.3 mm, black, not ribbed; hilum very wide oval, with hilum rim curved outward, with some strophiolar tissue projecting above rim. D I S T R I B U T I O N ( M A P 3I. Argentina, from Marayes to Patquia. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . ARGENTINA. San Juan: Marayes, FK-709. La Rioja: Los Colorados, near Patquia, FK-706, 680 m. Hunt s.n. (photo., see Plate 4.1.). 4. Eriosyce strausiana (Schumann) Kattermann Stem globular to elongated, to 20 x 8-15 cm, apex naked; ribs 12-14, notched halfway, 1 cm high, obtuse; spines black-grey with purplish tints to dark horn-coloured, all upcurved; roots fibrous from short turbinate taproot. Flowers from young areoles, 3.5-4 x 5 cm; pericarpel and tube with tufts of wool and bristles from bract-scale axils; tube broad funnelform, 15 mm; perianth-segments 25 x 5-7 mm, pale yellow or sometimes pale reddish; style 22-25 x 2 mm, light yellow; ovary locule apex flat to slightly updrawn; stigma-lobes 8-12, 1.5-3 mm, erect, cream-yellow; nectary simple, 2-3 mm. Fruit short oval, 7-10 x 5-10 mm, without elongation upon ripening, greenish, thin-walled, hard and dry when ripe, seed loose within, dehiscent by a basal pore, seed dispersal by freefall from fruit; perianth remnant attachment area wide, 95'# of fruit diam. Seed 1SEM Plate III 1.93 x 1.48 mm, asymmetry ratio 0.8; testa smooth, tuberculate to slightly ribbed, sometimes keeled, brownish, cells isodiametric, low domed; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.64 x 0.4 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle in groove, hilum rim modified, not raised.
34
FIGURE S 1
I-'., strausiana
var. strausiana
FK-576
2
E. strauniana
var. tttrauniana
FK-572
.
— ........
3
E. strauHiana var. pachacoensis
....
.
.
™,
E
For captions D
O
pages
to colour plates
on
36 and 37. see page ЗИ
FK-582
SB
Kattermann: P L A T E 2 'page
Eriosyce
The following varieties of E. strausiana can be distinguished:
36)
Stem to 20 x 8-15 cm; ribs 12-14 Stem to 10 x 8 cm; ribs 13 1
2
3
4
a. var. strausiana b. var. pachacoensis
a. var. strausiana Stem to 20 x 8-15 cm, dark blackish green; areoles 10 x 5 mm, 8 mm apart; radial spines 12-14, 25-30 mm, centrals 6-8, 30—40 mm, with bulbous bases. Flowers 4 cm. DISTRIBUTION. Argentina, c. 30-40 S, the northern limit near San Jose de Jachal. a
5
S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . ARGENTINA. Mendoza: Potrerilla,
6
FK-576 (П., fr„ seed, photos); Uspallata, FK-572; Meglioli in FK-583 (П., seed).
1
E. aurata № 4 1 ,
2
/ . aurata F K - 8 2 3 . /-.. aurata var. spini barbis F K - B 0 8 .
3 4
£ . aurata var. spini barbis F K - 5 2 4 .
5
E. rodentiophila
6
i?. rodentiophila Taylor
FK-36.
7 4 0 fpAofo:
Taylor)
P L A T E 3 (род.' S7J
1
2
3
4
1-3
5
E. rodentiophila Taylor
7 4 0 /photos:
Taylor) 4. 5
38
E. bulbocalyx
FK-706.
b. var. pachacoensis (Rausch) Kattermann Stem 10 x 8 cm, light grey-green; ribs 13, notched to form tubercles to 10 mm; areoles oval, 5 mm, with white wool; radial spines 8-12, in 4—6 pairs and one directed downward, 10-15 mm, ft appressed, whitish grey to pink, centrals 1-2, curved upward, grey-pink with black tip. Flowers 3.5 cm, yellow; pericarpel and tube green, bract-scale axils with wool and long reddish brown bristles; stigma-lobes 8, yellow. Fruit 8 x 5 mm, red brown. Seeds 1.5 x 1 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Argentina, San Juan, near Pachaco. SPECIMEN E X A M I N E D . ARGENTINA. San Juan: near Pachaco, FK-582 (fl., fr., seed, photos). 5. Eriosyce umadeave (Werdermann) Kattermann Stem globular to slightly elongated, to 40 x 10-20 cm, dark green, apex naked; ribs c. 18-21 or more, deeply notched, about 1 cm high, somewhat spiral, areole with a small chin below, large, elongated, 9-12 x 4-7 mm, 6-10 mm apart, with white wool; spines 20—35 or more, to 45 mm, white to violet, in older plants not easily divisible into radials and centrals, all ± curved upward, base bulbous; roots fibrous. Flowers from older areoles, 3-3.5 cm, funnelform; pericarpel and tube with bractscales bearing wool in their axils and near apex with 1 or more bristles to 15 mm, these straight to slightly contorted; perianth-segments 15 x 3 mm, pale yellow; filaments numerous; style 15 x 1.5 mm, cream-yellow; ovary locule apex fiat; stigma-lobes 12, 5 mm, spreading, cream yellow; nectary simple, 3 mm. Fruit (descr. from literature) elongated, 3—4 x 1.5-2 cm, light brownish, surface like the pericarpel. Seed I SEM Plate II] large, 1.79 x 1.36 mm, asymmetry ratio 0.4; testa deeply ribbed, brownish, cells not easily distinguished; hilum ovate, 0.48 x 0.36 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle in slightly modified portion of hilum rim, rim not raised. DISTRIBUTION. Argentina, prov. Salta, Andes to the W of Salta.
Kattermann: SPECIMENS
EXAMINED.
Erioayce
ARGENTINA.
Salta, Puerta Tastil, 2650 m, FK-652; loc. cit., Hunt s.n. (photo; see Plate 4.2.); loc. cit., R. Kiesling (seed), cult. FK-843. Werdermann's description was based on material from F. Ritter and Stumer (lectotype, В I. However, the picture furnished by Ritter does not represent E. umadeave, but rather a form of E. curvispina. It is possible that Bodeker, from whom Werdermann received the material, mixed up the information. 6. Erioayce andreaeana Kattermann Stem globular, later cylindric, 15-18 x 5-7 cm. dark grey green, apex naked; ribs 11-14, barely notched, 6 mm high; areoles 6 x 3 mm, 7 mm apart; spines horn-coloured, some upcurved, radials 12, 12-18 x 0.6 mm, ± radiating, slightly curved, centrals 4, cross wise, 19-40 x 0.8-1 mm, with bulbous bases; roots fibrous from a short turbinate taproot. Flower from young areoles, 3 x 3.7 cm, funnelform; pericarpel and tube with clusters of 10-15 brown, 10 mm bristles and short white wool from bract-scale axils; perianthsegments 20 x 3-5 mm, reddish; style 15 x 1.6 mm, cream-yellow; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 8-10, 2.5-4 mm, cream-yellow, erect; nectary simple, base slightly flattened, angular, 2 x 1 mm. Fruit with slight elongation upon ripening, 1.3 x 1 cm, covered by many bristles, hard and dry shortly after ripening; dehiscent by basal opening with lid like cap remaining on the fruit, seed free within but tightly packed; perianth remnant attachment area wide, 55% of fruit diam. Seed (SEM Plate II] 1.45 x 1.26 mm, asymmetry ratio 1.0; testa evenly tuberculate, not ribbed, brown, cells low domed, isodiametric; hilum oval, 0.6 x 0.45 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle not distinct, hilum rim not modified, flat. D I S T R I B U T I O N ( M A P 3). Argentina, in the higher mountains of the southern Sierra Famatina (La Rioja). SPECIMEN
EXAMINED.
ARGENTINA.
Rioja: Sierra Famatina, FK-593.
La M A P 3 . Distribution of subsect.
Pyrrhocactus.
Kattermann: E. andreaeana
iPyrrhocactus
andreaeanus
Eriosyce
(Backeberg) Ritter)
was included in Acanthocalycium by Donald (in Ashingtonia 1: 125. 1975). who has maintained as recently as 1990 (in Bradleya 8: 99) that the genus 'could be subsumed into Pyrrho cactus I Neoporteria'. As noted earlier (p. 20), I cannot find evidence to support this. The flower of E . andreaeana has the filaments evenly inserted over the lower one-third of the tube, their attitude ± parallel with the style. The filaments of Acanthocalycium sens. str. are appressed to the tube wall with their tips curved inward. Also, its nectary is partly closed by a woolly plug, whereas E . andreaeana has an open nectary. The fruit of E . andreaeana dehisces by a basal pore, Acantho calycium by splitting of the side wall. In its distribution, Acanthocalycium is partly sympatric with populations of E . subsect.
Pyrrhocactus.
When he named this species (as Neochilenia andreaeana) Backeberg failed to preserve the type, and so that name and all those based on it, including Acanthocalycium
are technically invalid. The name Eriosyce mann is validated on page 117.
andreaeana
andreaeanum,
Katter
7. Eriosyce villicumensis (Rausch) Kattermann Stem subglobular, 4—9 cm diam., light grey-green with whitish powdery surface, apex naked; ribs 7-11, broad obtuse, 7 mm high, barely notched between areoles; areoles oval, 5—8 x 2-3 mm, 6-15 mm apart, with white wool; spines black with bulbous base, radials 3—4 pairs, ± appressed, 8-15 mm, centrals 1-2, 10—20 mm, curved upward; rootstock a short thick turbinate taproot. Flowers from young areoles, 28-35 x 30 mm, funnelform; tube and pericarpel with reddish bractscales, with white wool and brown 5 mm bristles in their axils; perianth-segments 11 x 3 mm, narrow lanceolate, orangeyellow; style 15 x 1.5 mm, cream-coloured to slightly pink towards top; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 10, 3 mm, clasped together, cream-yellow; nectary simple, 3 mm, base somewhat flattened. Fruit globular, 12 mm diam., dark brown, not elongating upon ripening, wall hard and dry shortly after dehiscence by basal pore with lid attached to fruit, seeds loose within; perianth remnant attachment area wide, 83% of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate II] 1.28 x 1.12 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.7; testa black-brown, not ribbed, cells isodiametric, medium domed; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.5 x 0.36 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle in groove, hilum rim modified, slightly raised. DISTRIBUTION (MAP
3). Argentina, in the Sierra Villicum,
San Juan. SPECIMEN EXAMINED.
FK-584.
40
ARGENTINA. San Juan: loc. cit,
FIGURE 4
1 2
E. umadeave andreaeana I К •
3
E. villicumensis
4
E. bulbocalyx
FK-584
FK-706
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Sect. I. Eriosyce subsect. 3. Islaya (sp. no. 8) Stem globular to elongated, 5—20 cm diam.; ribs many, to 25; areoles with long floccose wool, covering stem apex; spines many, 16-30, 1.2-1.6 cm, radial spines radiating, central spines porrect or deflexed; roots fibrous. Flowers from young areoles, in most forms sulphur yellow; pericarpel and tube covered by dense wool, bristles sometimes present on pericarpel, always present on tube, stiff, almost needle-like; stigma-lobes clasped together or spreading, yellow; nectary simple or modified by widening at base. Fruit clavate, thin-walled, red, much enlarged upon ripening, balloon-like, seed sometimes in a sac-like structure apex of fruit, dehiscent by a small basal pore; attachment area of perianth remnants variable, mostly small. Seeds 0.75-1.5 mm, black; hilum large, sunken, ovate to keyhole-shaped; micropyle partly surrounded by slightly modified hilum rim. D I S T R I B U T I O N ( M A P 4). Coastal area of southern Peru and northern Chile, from 14-18°S. Diagnostic features: Fruit much elongated, balloon-like; flowers mostly yellow; pericarpel and tube with dense wool and many bristles. Note: I have not yet studied sufficient field-collected material and can as yet recognize one variable species only, E. islayensis. The seed material studied (obtained from commercial sources; see SEM Plate III, rows 1-4) indicates a close relationship to subsect. Eriosyce and a very close relationship between the different populations, but the flower material studied indicates otherwise. The flowers show every form of development of internal and external characters as observed in parts of subsect. Eriosyce and subsect. Horridocactus. 8. Eriosyce islayensis (Forster) Kattermann Stem globular, 5-20 cm diam., or sometimes elongated to more than twice the diam.; ribs numerous, to 25; areoles with long floccose wool covering stem apex; radial spines 12-22, short, radiating, 6-10 mm; centrals 4-7, 12-16 mm, thicker than radials; roots fibrous. Flowers from young areoles [Rauh & Backeberg report that in Islaya grandis flowers are also borne on older areolesl, wide funnelform and in most forms sulphur-yellow; pericarpel and tube covered by dense wool, bristles sometimes present on pericarpel, always present on tube; style variable in length, cream-coloured; ovary locule apex downdrawn to updrawn; stigma-lobes mostly creamyellow, clasped together or almost spreading; nectary simple or widened. Fruit clavate, thinwalled, balloonlike, red, 5-10x elongated upon ripening; dehiscent by a basal pore, seed loose or sometimes in a sac-like structure at apex of fruit; perianth remnant attachment area small, usually less than 50% of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate III] 1-1.5 x 0.9-1.1 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.4-0.55; testa mostly keeled, cells isodiametric to slightly elongated and then arranged ± in rows, colliculate; hilum ovate to keyhole-shaped, relatively large; micropyle in a region slightly or not modified by hilum rim. D I S T R I B U T I O N ( M A P 4). N Chile to S Peru, N along the coast to Rio Omas S of Lima. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Arica: Poconchile, FK-341. Specimens shown in Figure 5 (page 43) and Plate 6 (page 52) were raised from seed from various commercial sources.) Subsect. Islaya represents the part of the genus least understood by me. I have only collected the form described as /. krainziana in northern Chile. Until new field observations and collections are made I am lumping all species described up to now under E. islayensis. Seed and flower material studied suggests that several species and varieties may exist. There is also the question of the affinity of E . recondita. It is possible that the most northern population of this species may belong to subsect. Islaya. I could not resolve this question.
12
Kattermann;
FIGURE б
Eriosyce
Б. islayensis
1
tlslaya
copiapoidvs
2
(Islaya
divaricaliflora)
i
3
(Islaya
chalaensis)
P L A T E 4 (page
1 2
44)
E. bulbocalyx E. umadeave Tastil tphoto:
at
Puerta
Hunt)
48
Kattermann:
M A P 4. Distribution of subsect. P L A T E 5 (page
1
Islaya.
45)
2
1
/ Kattermann The following subspecies can be distinguished: Stem 2-5 cm diam.; flowers white to pinkish; pericarpel and tube not covered by dense wool, bristles on tube and pericarpel brown 9.1. subsp. recondita Stem 3-10 cm diam.; flowers yellow, with variably dense wool and white bristles (sometimes absent) from axils of bract-scalea 9.2. subsp. iquiquensis 9.1. E. recondita subsp. recondita (Ritter) Kattermann Stem subglobular, 2-5 cm diam., sometimes branching, dark grey green, apex sunken, spiny; areoles 4-6 x 2-3 mm, 5-10 mm apart, sunken; ribs 10-12, 5 mm high, dissolved into tubercles, with a chin below each areole; spines thin, needlelike, black, radials 6-10, 5-10 mm, centrals 1-2, 10-15 mm; rootstock a long turbiniform taproot with slight neck near apex. Flowers borne from young areoles, funnelform, 3-4 x 2.5-3.5 cm; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with grey
17
Kattermann: floccose wool and brown, porrect bristles; style 20-33ram,pale reddish; ovary locule apex downdrawn; stigma-lobes 8-12,3-5 mm, erect or clasped together, pinkish; nectary widened at base, 1-2 mm. Fruit elongating, seed contained in a sac, dehiscence by a basal pore, fruit attachment period unknown; perianth attachment small? Seed 1.4 x 1.0 mm, testa very finely tuberculate, dull black; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.40 x 0.20 mm, micropyle in modified area of the barely raised hilum rim. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 5). Chile, region of Antofagasta. SPECIMENS
EXAMINED.
CHILE.
Eriosyce
•
Iquique:
Caleta Junin, FK-338. Tocopilla: S of Tocopilla, FK-776; Guanillo del Sur, FK-366. I presently place this species in subsect. Horridocactus even though it could belong to sect. Eriosyce subsect. Islaya. More morpho logical studies based on authentic material are necessary to reach a sound conclusion.
recona la iquique
ISIS
Гs
VF i s a g u a
i
ъ
Iquique
I \
>
\ \
1 |
\
\
\
° Calama
\ 'v San P de A t a c MM
69° of Eriosyce
6 recondita
i
FIGURE 6 1
E. recondita
2
T. recondita
subsp. recondita subsp.
FK-369.
iquiquensis
FK-366 3
/•. recondita
4
E. recondita
5
E. chilensis
subsp. iquiquensis subsp.
sens. str.
iquiquensis
from a more northern population, FK-776. FK-3 (see page
stigma 4-5 mm.
48
I
E. rec vnaita v a r . E. rec ONDITA v a r .
of
DISTRIBUTION. Chile, Prov. Iquique and Tocopilla. CHILE.
iquiquensts
• A
л
21 9.2. subsp. iquiquensis (Ritter) Kattermann Stem 3-10 cm diam., dark green; ribs 13, notched into tubercles with a chin below each areole; areoles sunken; rootstock a short, conical turbiniform taproot. Flowers borne from young areoles, narrow funnelform to rooopilla sometimes broader funnelform, 1.5-2 cm; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with white floccose wool, bristles lacking; style 10-12 mm; ovary locule apex unknown; stigma-lobes 2-3 mm, erect or clasped together; nectary 1-2 mm. Fruit elongating, 23" seed loose within, dehiscent by a basal pore, attachment firm; perianth remnant attach ment area small, 45% of fruit diam. Seed yym An ofagasta (SEM Plates XIII, XIV1 1.25 x 1.25 mm, I asymmetric ratio 0.5; hilum ± reverse 70° keyhole-shaped, with micropyle area larger, 0.30 x 0.18 mm, micropyle not modified. MAP 5. Distribution
EXAMINED.
recondite
Anto
fagasta: Morro Moreno, FK-369; N Antofagasta, FK-777.
SPECIMENS
var. var.
\
Ъ А г к X/ IV
E. recondite
A £. recondite
102); П. 3.2 cm,
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
49
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
10. Eriosyce curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Kattermann Stem subglobular to globular, rarely branching, rarely elongated, 8-20 cm diam., apex naked; ribs many, 14-24, variable in height from 1-2 cm, deeply notched or depressed between areoles, with an often large chin-like protrusion below each areole; areoles variable in size, with short wool; spines many, horn-coloured, tipped darker, later grey, thin to thickly awl-shaped, mostly curved upward, radials 10-15, 10-30 mm, centrals 4-8, 20-30 mm, mostly curved upward to inward, often with bulbous bases; roots ± fibrous, but sometimes with a short turbinate taproot. Flowers produced from young areoles, forming a circle around stem apex, wide funnelform, 3-5 x 3-5 cm; pericarpel and tube with variable density of small bract-scales rarely > 2 mm, their axils with very short tufts of wool barely visible, upper axils with thin white bristles; perianthsegments variable in length, 7-12 mm wide, yellow-edged with a reddish midstripe of variable width; filaments inserted over two-thirds of tube; style 16-25 x > 2 mm, thick, cream-yellow to reddish, often more reddish towards apex; ovary locule apex downdrawn (annulated); stigmalobes 10-15, 2-5 mm, erect or sometimes clasped together, tips ending abruptly, base often constricted, mostly cream-yellow to red; nectary simple (tubular), not widened at the rounded base, 2—4 mm, top opening by 1-2 mm. Fruit short-oval, elongating about l.l-1.4x upon ripening, fleshy, thick-walled, reddish when ripe, hollow, seed loose, dehiscent hy a basal pore, fruit remaining attached long after ripening; perianth remnant attachment area broad. Seed ISEM Plate IV| variable in size 0.9-1.62 x 0.88-1.43 mm, asymmetric ratio of 0.6-1.0; testa evenly tuberculate to ribbed, black to brown, cells medium to high-domed; hilum keyhole type, micropyle in a groove, hilum rim modified, raised, micropyle sometimes separated from hilum by fused testa-cell tissues. DISTRIBUTION ( M A P 6). Chile, 27°15'S, between Copiapo and Caldera (Prov. Copiapo), extending S almost uninterrupted to Rio Maule (Prov. Talca) at 35 30'S. At various points of its distribution branches of evolutionary development in a downhill direction can be observed. Some of these branches evolved slightly different characters and the taxa concerned are here recognized as varieties. These varieties are also often an intermediate development toward different species. In total about 150 population samples of this species were collected, propagated and studied. Herbarium specimens of most of these are in preparation and will be deposited at DBG. C
K U Y T O V A R I K T I K S OK E. 1. 1.
Plants never branching . . . Plants sometimes branching
2. Nectary simple (tubular), 3 mm 2. Nectary simple, 4—5 mm 3. Spines medium in thickness, strongly curved 3. Spines stouter, to 3 mm thick, barely curved
CURVISPINA
2 f. var. mutabilis 3 g. var. robusta 4 e. var. tuberisulcata
5
4, Spines 20 mm or longer 4. Spines 10-15 mm
d. var. choapensis
5 Flowers 5.5 cm, perianth-segments 6 mm wide 5, Flowers 4.5 cm
a. var. curvispina 6
6
50
Perianth-segments yellow Perianth-segments with deep red midstripe
b. var. aconcaguensis c. var. armata
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
a. var. curvispina Stem semiglobular to globular, 8-12 cm in diam., apex naked, dark green; ribs 14-16, 1-1.5 cm high, notched, with chin-like protrusion below areole; areoles 6 x 4 mm, 6 mm apart; spines horn-coloured, later grey, thin to thickly awl-shaped, strongly curved upward, radials 10-12, 10-20 mm, centrals 4, 20 mm, mostly curved upward to inward, bases bulbous; roots fibrous. Flowers produced from young areoles, borne in a circle around stem apex, wide funnelform, c. 5.5 cm long and wide; perianthsegments 35 x 6 mm, yellow-edged, with a central reddish stripe of variable width; style 25 x 2.7 mm, pale reddish, often more reddish towards apex; ovary locule apex down drawn (annular); stigma-lobes 10, 4 mm, erect or clasped together, cream yellow to pale red; nectary 3 mm, base rounded. Fruit short oval, 1.5 x 1.4, fleshy, thick-walled, reddish when ripe, hollow, seed loose; perianth remnant attachment area broad, 56% of fruit diam. Seeds 1.32 x 1.19 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa evenly tuberculate, not ribbed, black, cells medium to high domed; hilum narrow keyhole type, 0.53 x 0.16 mm; micropyle in a groove, hilum rim modified and raised. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, throughout the range of the species. Some populations grow at up to 2000 m, while others can be found at sea level. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Choapa: Tilama, FK-318, 319; Cuncumen, FK-420. Petorca: Alicahue, FK-308, 309; Chincolcolo, FK-312; Petorca, FK-313; Pedegua, FK-314; Zapallar, FK-561. San Felipe de Aconcagua: Las Coimas, FK-265; Los Pates, FK-268, 269. Quillota: Cerro Campana, FK-I01; Cuesta Melones, FK-428. Los Andes: Los Andes, FK-2; Rio Blanco, FK-194. Chacabuco: Cuesta La Dormida, FK-256, 258, 259; Caleu, FK-257, 260; Rungue, FK-261. Melipilla: Cholqui, FK-305; Horcon de Piedra, FK-447. Santiago: Farellones, FK-240, 243; Cuesta Las Chilcas, FK-87. Cordillera: El Volcan, FK-274; La Ohra, FK-276; Lagunilla, FK-307. Talca: A. Hoffmann
s.n.,R. Ferryman
PlJVTE 6 (page
1
2
3
4
5
6
E. islayensis (Maya
divaricatiftora)
2
E. islayensis
3
E. islayensis
(I.
11,
4
chataensis)
copiapoides)
/•.'. islayensis (I. islayensis
f.
brevicylindrica)
5. В E. curvispina FK-279
P L A T E 7 (page
100. Cauquenes: Rio Cachapuel,
FK-279. b. var. aconcaguensis (Ritter) Kattermann Flower lemon yellow, perianth-segments to 10 mm wide; pericarpel and tube with fewer bract-scales. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, Cuesta Las Chacras, N of Llaillay. S P E C I M E N E X A M I N E D . San Felipe de Aconcagua: Cuesta las Chacras, FK-263.
52)
1
1
53)
1
2
3
4
5
6
E. curvispina var. curvispina F K - 1 0 I var.
curvispina
FK-274
var.
curvispina
FK-313
var. aconcaguensis FK-263 var.
horrida
var.
odoriflora
FK-208 FK-427
51
Kattermann: с. var. armata (Ritter) Kattermann Flower reddish, perianth-segments 24 x 4.5 mm. Fruit elongating to 1.5x diam. Seed much smaller, 0.95 x 0.98 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.7, testa finely tuberculate. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from El Paico (Santiago) S and W, including mountains near Horcon de Piedra. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Talagante:
El Paico, FK-28I; Melipilla: Horcon de Piedra, FK-447.
Eriosyce Pichidangui, FK-6; Quilimari, FK-321; W of Tilama, FK-320; Cerro Santa Ines, FK-323, 427; Los Viloa, FK-411; Cuesta Cavilolen, FK-412. Petorca: Pta Molles, FK-4, 85. g. var. robueta (Ritter) Kattermann Pericarpel much elongated; nectary 4-5 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, known only from the type locality in the region of Ocoa (Quillota). SPECIMEN
EXAMINED.
CHILE.
Quillota:
Ocoa, FK-262.
d. var. choapensis (Ritter) Kattermann Spines short, rarely > 20 mm, thin acicular. Seed 0.94 x 1.0 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.9; testa-cells arranged in ribs. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from S of Salamanca to Cuncumen in the Rio Choapa valley. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
Quelen, FK-424; Chuchini, FK-426.
CHILE. Choapa:
Salamanca,
FK-425;
e. var. tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Kattermann Spines very thickly awl-shaped, only slightly curved upward, radials 8-12, 5-12 x 8 mm, centrals 4-8, 10-25 x 1.5-2.5 mm. Flower reddish; perianth-segments 20 x 7 mm. Seeds small, l.l x 1.07 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.8; testa tuberculate, slightly or not ribbed, brownish; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.36 x 0.25 mm, micropyle in modified area of the raised hilum rim. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, region of Valparaiso. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Valparaiso:
S of Valparaiso, FK-251 (neotype), 300; Quilpue, FK-208. f. var. mutabilis (Ritter) Kattermann Stem often branching by forming little plantlets from lower areoles; spines stiff, sharp-tipped, horn-coloured. Perianthsegments with variable reddish midstripes. Seed 0.94-1.23 x 1-1.09 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.5—1.0; testa ribbed, brown; hilum 0.44 x 0.24 mm, micropyle in groove, hilum rim modified, sometimes closed around micropyle. DISTRIBUTION.
Chile, N, S and E of Pto
MAP
FIGURE 7 1
54
var.
E. curvispina
Erioayce curviapina
curviapina
F K - 2 7 9 ; flower 5 . 5 cm. s t i g m a
4 mm. 2
var.
aconcaguensia
F K - 2 6 3 ; flower 4 . 2 c m ,
stigma 3.5 m m . 3
Pichidangui. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
6. Distribution of
var.
armata
F K - 2 8 1 ; flower 4 . 2 c m . s t i g m a 4
mm.
CHILE. Choapa:
4
var.
choapensis
FK-426.
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
FIGURE 8 1
E. curvispina
Eriosyce
P L A T E 8 I page var. tuberisulcata
FK-251
1
Flower 3 . 5 cm; s t i g m a 3 . 4 m m . 2
E. curvispina
3
E. curvispina
var. mutabilis
FK-427.
Flower 3 . 2 cm; s t i g m a 3 . 5 m m ; fruit 9 m m . var. robusta
Flower 5 . 2 cm; fruit 1.7 cm.
E. curvispina armata
FK-2G2.
2
57) var.
FK-281
E. curvispina chitapensie
(above)
var. FK-426
(below)
Kattermann:
FIGURE 9
(above)
F I G U R E 1 0 (page
1
E. curvispina
FK-313
2
E. curvispina
FK-101,
from Ccrro C a m p a n a ,
1
Eriosyce
59)
E. kunzei var. kunzei F K - 4 5 9 . Fl. 3 . 5 cm.
2
60)
1
2
3
4
5
6
E. kunzei var.
w h e r e it is sympatric with
trail si tenets
E.
3 . 5 cm.
garaventae.
P L A T E 9 Ipage
F K - 1 6 7 . Fl.
3
E. kunzei
FK-170
4
E. kunzei
F K - 1 9 . Fl. 3 cm.
E. curvispina var. robusta F K - 2 6 2 E. kunzei
FK-459
E. kunzei FK-19 E. kunzei var. transitensis F K - 1 6 7 /-.'. kunzei var. transitensis F K - 8 2 4 E. limariensis
58
FK-20
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
58
Kattermann: P L A T E 10 I page
ft"
1
E. limariensis
2
E. limariensis FK-13
3
£.
confinis
FK-443
4
E. confinis
FK-528
5
£.
aspillagae
FK-19a
FK-197
Eriosyce
11. Eriosyce kunzei (Forster) Kattermann Stem globular, somewhat flattened to elongated, green, 10(-20) x 13-14 cm, apex somewhat sunken and almost without spines (but spines sometimes covering apex); ribs 16-20, at base ± spiral, vertical above, obtuse, enlarged at areoles, notched into tubercles, the tubercles interconnected, below areoles forming a protruding chin; areoles 10—15 x 2.5 mm, 5-10 mm apart, wool dirty white, later naked; spines all curved upward to inward, at first yellowish with honey-brown tips, then greyish honey-brown, later ash grey, completely obscuring stem, radials 10-12, the lower ones shortest, fairly straight and pointed downward, 13-25 mm, the upper ones 40-45 mm, centrals 2-4, longer and thicker, 45-50 mm. Flowers 3.5 cm long and wide; perianth-segments 20 x 7 mm, edges whitish yellow with variable reddish midstripe; style 22 x 2.2 mm, cream-yellow; ovary locule apex down drawn; stigma-lobes 10-11, 4 mm, erect to spreading, tip ending abruptly, not constricted at base, cream-yellow; nectary simple. Fruit shortly oval. 2 x 1.5 cm, fleshy, thick-walled, reddish when ripe, hollow, seeds loose, dehiscent by basal pore, remaining attached long after ripening; perianth remnant attachment area broad, 55% of fruit diam. Seeds [SEM Plate VI 1.31 x 1.00 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.8; testa evenly tuberculate to ribbed, black, cells medium to high domed; hilum narrow keyhole type, 0.4 x 0.33 mm, micropyle in groove, hilum rim modified and raised, micropyle sometimes separated from hilum by coalescent testa tissues. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 7). Chile, mountains N and S of the Elqui valley, mostly above 1500 m. Ritter's interpretation of Fbrster's description as applying to plants from the Sierra Hornillos cannot be correct. Ritter's use of the name is based on the plant figured by Rumpler in Forster's Handbuch de Cacteenkunde, ed. 2, 571 (1886). The description does not match the plant figured. The original description (1845) mentions that the plants are covered by snow for long periods. It never snows in the Sierra Hornillos. The following varieties can be distinguished: Spines thinly acicular; stigma-lobes erect to slightly spreading: seeds only sometimes ribbed a. var. kunzei Spines thicker; stigma-lobes clasped together; seed deeply ribbed b. var. transitensis
62
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
a. v a r . kunzei DISTRIBUTION. Chile, mountains N and S of the Elqui valley, mostly above 1500 m. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
CHILE. Huasco:
Domcyko, FK-170, 173,399. Elqui: Portezuela Fangue, FK-30, 457 (Horridocactus vallenarensis); Balala, FK-460; Junta de Chingoles, FK-533; Guanta, FK-459 (neotype). Limari: upper Rio Molles, FK-19; Portezuela Las Tres Cruces, FK-456. b. var. transitensis (Ritter) Kattermann Fruit elongating more, in some populations to > 2x diam., perianth remnant attachment area smaller. Seed 1.13 x 1.14 mm, asym metric ratio 0.6; testa very deeply ribbed. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from c. 25 km E of Vallenar to Conay, at c. 2000m. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Huasco: El
Terron, FK-167, 820; Santa Juana, FK-817; Conay, FK-824. The related Eriosyce crispa apparently evolved at lower elevations. The transition from one species to the next occurs at about 800 m. At this point climatic conditions change from alpine to coastal. This elevation is also the upper range of Eulychnia. The difference between Eriosyce crispa and E. kunzei var. transitensis is the frequent occurrence in the latter of large tuberous roots, narrower funnelform flowers, spreading stigma-lobes, long wool on pericarpel and tube, and bristles over wider area of the tube and over most of the pericarpel.
MAP
7. Distribution of spp. nos. 1 1 - 1 4 , E.
E. limariensis,
E. crispa
and E.
kunzei,
conftnis.
12. Eriosyce limariensis (Ritter) Kattermann Stem grey-green, globular, 5-15 cm diam., apex without spines, flattened; ribs 13-20(-30), 8-15 mm high, notched halfway, widened at, and with chins below the areoles; areoles with white wool, 6-12 x 3-5 mm, 10-20 mm apart; spines brown with darker tips, somewhat upcurved, seldom straight, awl-shaped, radials 6-10, ± pointing sideways, 15-40 mm, the upper longest, centrals 1-4, when 4 arranged crosswise, 20—45 mm; roots fibrous from a short conical taproot, or sometimes large taproot with slight neck (see note below). Flower 3.5-5.5 cm long and wide, somewhat fragrant; pericarpel elongated, 6-12 mm, olive green to reddish, bract-scales 1-2 mm, with short wool, tube 8-15 mm, funnelform, at apex 14-20 mm diam., with 10-20 mm white bristles from upper bract-scale axils; perianth-segments 25-30 x 5-8 mm, sulphur yellow with wide purplish midstripes; filaments light yellow, reddish at apex, 5-12 mm, the uppermost
88
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
inserted longest, anthers light yellow, insertion over two-thirds of tube; style cream-yellow to red; ovary locule apex down drawn, much elongated, 8.5 x 3.5 mm; stigma-lobes 8-10, red-brown to light yellow, 4-6 mm, clasped together; nectary simple, 2-5 mm. Fruit short-oval, 2.7 x 1.5 cm, fleshy, thick-walled, reddish when ripe, hollow, seed loose, dehiscent by a basal pore, remaining attached long after ripening; perianth remnant attachment area broad, 73% of fruit diam. Seed (SEM Plate V] 1.00 x 1.07 mm, asymmetric ratio of 0.6; testa ribbed, black to brown, cells medium to high-domed; hilum narrow keyhole type; micropyle in groove, hilum rim enlarged, raised. DISTRIBUTION ( M A P 7). Chile, in the Rio Molles and Rio Limari valleys, from 2300 m toe. 200 m at the coast, S to Combarbala, N to Samo Alto and Coquimbo. S P E C I M E N S KXAMINED. CHILE. Limari: Molles, 1500 m, FK-18, loc. cit., 2300 m, FK-19a; Soco, FK-12; Embalse La Paloma, FK-13; Combarbala, FK-189; Guanpulla, FK-451; Pichasca, FK-453; Rio Limari, FK-480; road from Pan American Highway to Estancia Frai Jorge, FK-20. E. limariensis shows transition from E. curvispina to E. heinrichiana. Some populations have plants with turbinate taproots and sometimes the formation of a slight neck above the root occurs. 13. Eriosyce confinis (Ritter) Kattermann Stem green, semiglobular, later elongated, 6-8 cm diam., apex naked to spiny; ribs 13-15, small obtuse, with a small protruding chin below, and deeply notched ahove areoles; areoles with white to greyish wool, 5-12 x 3-7 mm, 5-10 mm apart, not sunken; spines grey brown to greyish black, only slightly curved, radials 10-12, 10-25 mm, centrals 4-7, 20-40 mm; roots fibrous from a short taproot without a neck. Flowers 3 cm diam., funnelform; pericarpel grey green with small reddish bract-scales, with small flocks of white wool in their axils; tube 12-13 mm, 3 mm wide at base, 11 mm wide at apex, funnelform, narrowed above pericarpel, outside grey olive green, with bract-scales and wool as for pericarpel, tube apex with few white, thin bristles; perianthsegments 18-20 x 5 mm, narrower at base, tips pointed, silky, shiny with reddish midstripes, the outer segments redder, merging into red olive bract-scales; filaments white, the lowest 7 mm, the uppermost 10 mm; anthers lemon yellow; style exceeding anthers, c. 20 x 1.5 mm, carmine red; ovary locule apex down drawn; stigma-lobes 8, rose-yellowish to reddish, 4 mm; nectary simple to modified by slight to much enlargement at base, 3-4 mm. Fruit hollow, red. fleshy, 1.5 x 1 cm, dehiscent by a basal pore, remaining firmly attached for a long time; perianth remnant attachment area small, 44% of fruit diam. Seed |SEM Plate VI| 1.47 x 1.33 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.5; testa black to brown, dull, evenly tuberculate, not ribbed; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.55 x 0.40 mm, micropyle in groove, hilum rim much enlarged, almost closing micropyle area, slightly raised to almost fiat. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 7). Chile, throughout the Copiapo Valley, beginning E of Copiapo, extending S to the Sierra Hornillos and W almost to the coast E of Caldera. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Copiapo: E of Copiapo, FK-141, 810; c. Sierra Hornillos, FK-143, 396, 528; Monte Amargo, A. Hoffmann 178 in FK-443, FK-807; E of Caldera, FK-487. The various populations of E. confinis clearly show a transition from E. curvispina to E. taltalensis. The seeds are still part of E. curvispina, but the flowers change toward the flowers of E. taltalensis by a slight widening at the base of the nectary and narrower funnelform tube. I place the plants from Morro Copiapo with E. taltalensis because of the reduction in size of the seed.
01
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
F I G U R K 11 1
E. limariensis
2
E. confinis
FK-443
F K - 2 0 , П. 5 c m , s t i g m a в m m .
.1
E. confinis
F K - 5 2 8 . П. 3 . 5 cm.
№
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
14. Eriosyce crispa (Ritter) Kattermann Stem flattened, subglobular or slightly elongated, 5-10 cm diam., blackish grey green; ribs numerous, 13-16, 0.5-1 cm high with a chin below each areole, notched or depressed, forming tubercles; spines black to brown, sometimes hairlike, curved up and sometimes contorted, radials C. 6-10, 15-50 mm, centrals 1-5, 20-80 mm; rootstock a thick, almost tuberous taproot, often narrowed and necklike at apex. Flower borne from young areoles, 3.5-5 cm long and wide, funnelform; axils of pericarpel and tube bract-scales with floccose wool and white bristles; perianth-segments 20-25 x 5-7 mm, whitish with reddish midstripes; style 25—30 x 1.9-2.2 mm, reddish; ovary locule apex down drawn; stigma-lobes 8-12, 5-7 mm, spreading, pale red; nectary simple, 2-4 mm. Fruit elongated oval, elongating 2-3x upon ripening, bract-scale axils with floccose wool tufts, sometimes with bristles, thin-walled but fleshy, reddish when ripe, dehiscent by a basal pore, remaining firmly attached for a long time; perianth remnant attachment area small, 35-457r of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate VI] 0.98-1.1 x 0.97-1.1 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6-0.8; testa deeply ribbed to smooth-tuberculate, blackish to brownish; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.44 x 0.24 mm; micropyle two-thirds surrounded by enlarged hilumrim,rim not raised. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 7). Chile, from E of Vallenar, W toward the coast, and from Huasco to N of Totoral Bajo. Further east, E. crispa
merges into E. kunzei
var.
transitensis.
KEY TO INFRASPKCIFIC TAXA OF E . CRISPA
1. Stem subglobular, to globular
2
1. Stem globular or often elongated, spines thickly acicular 14.2a. subsp. & var. atroviridis 2. Seeds coarsely ribbed; spines thin, hairlike, tortuous, black
14.1. subsp. crispa
2. Seeds evenly tuberculate; spines various
3
3. Spines stiffly acicular
4
3. Spines tortuous 4. Ribs 10-12; spines to 15 mm 4. Ribs 15; spines to 25 mm 14.1. subsp. crispa Stem semiglobular, rarely globular, purplish blackish-brown; areoles 5 x 3 mm, 7 mm apart; spines all hair like, contorted, c. 16-24, not divisable into radials and centrals, 30-50 x 0.075 mm. Seeds 1.1 x 1.1 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.8; testa strongly ribbed. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, W of Freirina. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CHILE. Huasco: Freirina, FK-78. Subsp. crispa is a very localized population within those of subsp. atroviridis, which surrounds it on all sides with intermediate populations between the two. Nomenclatural priority requires that E. crispa be used for the species name.
1 l.2d. var. totoralensis 14.2b. var. huascensis 14.2c. var. carrizalensis
FIGURE 1 2 E.
crispa
1 subsp. crispa FK-78, fl. 5 cm, stigma 5 mm. subsp. atroviridis var. huascensis
FK-fio FK-76,
П. 5 cm. var. carrizalensis
П
1.2
cm
FK-58.
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
им
Eriosyce
1
v 1f if * 2> 4Ш 2
FIGURE 13 B. 30 x 14-18 cm, densely covered by spines; ribs numerous, 16-20, notched above the areoles, with a small chin below; areoles with white wool, 7.5-12.5 x 5-7 mm, 10-15 mm apart, later only 5 mm apart; spines curved upward, thick, the lower half of the spines white or yellowish, upper half brown to black, radials 12-20, shorter, thinner, and lighter coloured than the 5-8, 40—70 mm centrals; roots (ibrous. Flowers borne near stem apex, not fragrant, 5-6 x 4—4.5 cm, more funnelform than in E. curvispina: pericarpel green, with small, narrow, brownish red bract-scales, with flocks of wool from their axils; tube covered as for pericarpel, with a few, thin, white 20 mm bristles near apex, there 25 mm wide, funnelform; peri a nth-segments 25-30 x 3 mm at base, to 7-14 mm wide near midpoint, apex spalhulate, some segments ± linear, pale lemon yellow, with reddish to deep red midstripes Vt-Vi of width, abaxial surface of outer segments olive green; filaments pale greenish yellow, to reddish near apex, 15-20 mm. inserted to within 1-2 mm of tube apex; style 30—35 x 2-3 mm. pale greenish white, hollow above; ovary locule apex unknown; stigma-lobes exserted beyond anthers; nectary pale, 2-3 x 5-6 mm, partly closed by the filaments. Fruit reddish, covered as for the pericarpel, perianth remnant persisting (Ritter mentions a wide attachment for the perianth remnant). Seed |SEM Plate Villi 1.65 x 1.65 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa dull black, finely tuberculate, ribbed, similar to seed of E. marksiana var. lissocarpa and E. garaventae; hilum small, micropyle in a ± regressed portion of the hilum.
Eriosyce The picture of the sectioned flower (from R. Ferryman) places this plant close to E. curvi spina var. curvispina. E. marksiana var. gracilis, from Horcon de Piedra, has seeds almost exactly like E. engleri. Until flowers can be more closely observed E. engleri is treated here as a separate species.
DISTRIBUTION (MAP 8). Known only from the type locality, Cerro Robles Alto/Laguna Chicauma, on high mountains between Santiago and Valparaiso. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Chacabuco:
Laguna Chicauma, Л. Hoffmann s.n., cult. R. Ferryman (photo.); A. Hoffmann s.n. (anno 1985) in FK-567. M A P 8. Distribution of E. garaventae, E. marksiana a n d E. engleri.
78
E.
aspillagae.
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
19. Eriosyce heinrichiana (Backeberg) Kattermann Stem subglohose to globular or elongated, dark brownish to blackish green, 4—10 cm diam.; ribs 14—22, depressed between the areoles to form tubercles, 5-10 mm high, obtuse with a long drawn out chin below each areole; areoles sometimes slightly sunken, to 20 mm apart; spines straight to curved, stiffly acicular, radials 6-10, 3-12 mm, centrals 1-4, 3-15 mm, spines sometimes absent; rootstock of large tuberous taproots, slightly narrowed to a neck where joining plant stem. Flowers from young areoles, 3-5 cm long and wide; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with often long, floccose tufts of wool and bristles, tube base slender, narrow funnelform, upper part of tube broad funnelform, trumpet-shaped, with an often very much elongated pericarpel; style 25-30 mm, cream-yellow to reddish; ovary locule apex downdrawn to updrawn; stigma-lobes 8-12, 5—8 mm, clasped together or erect, reddish to orange; nectary simple, 3—5 mm. Fruit oval, thin-walled, fleshy, seeds free within, elongating 1.5-3x upon ripening, 1-1.5 cm diam., red, dehiscent by a basal pore, remaining firmly attached to plant; perianth remnant attachment area small, 46% of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate Villi 0.75 x 0.83 mm. asymmetric ratio 0.8; testa brown, tuberculate, sometimes ribbed, keeled; hilum keyhole type, 0.36 x 0.23 mm, almost flat; micropyle in enlarged section of the raised hilum. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 9). Chile, 28-31°S, from S of Huasco to Quebrada Las Palmas. At the N and S end plants grow only along the coast. In the Choros Valley populations almost reach Tres Cruces; in the Elqui Valley populations reach Herradura. E. heinrichiana is closely related to E. limariensis and south of Vicuna subsp. intermedia merges with some populations of that species. KEY TO INFRASPECIFIC TAXA OF E. HEINRICHIANA
1. Stigma-lobes 5-7 mm, clasped together 2 1. Stigma-lobes 4 mm, erect to spreading; (stem elongated, dark green; flowers funnelform, often with dense wool on pericarpel and tube) 19.3. subsp. simulans 2. Ovary locule updrawn
19.2b. var. setosiflora
2. Ovary locule downdrawn 3 3. Stem brown, rarely elongated 19.1. subsp. heinrichiana 3. Stem often green, or purplish grey in the populations in the middle Elqui valley 19.2a. subsp. & var. intermedia 19.1. E. heinrichiana subsp. heinrichiana Stem subglobose to only sometimes globular, dark brownish to blackish green, 4-8 cm diam.; rihs 14-22, tubercles 5 mm high. Bristles not always present on the pericarpel, not porrect. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, 28°30-29°30'S, from S of Huasco to El Tofo. At the northern end of the distribution plants grow only along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Elqui: N of Trapiche. FK-401; S of Trapiche. FK-81; E of Mina El Tofo, FK-176, 177; E of Choros Bajos, FK-470; W of Tres Cruces, FK-537; Huasco: Sarco, Quebrada Honda, FK-465.
79
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
\
it
fl\\
Eriosyce
1Q
v f t '
/
1 4'
til ^
j
1 /
\ 2
F I G U R E 17 Габоне E.
heinrichiana
1
var. setosiflora
FK-11,
fl. 5 cm. 2
subsp. nimulans
FK-82,
fl. 3 . 5 cm, s t i g m a 4 m m . F I G U R E 1 6 (left) 1
E.
heinrichiana
s u b s p . heinrichiana
FK-465,
П. 4 cm, s t i g m a 6 m m . 2
s u b s p intermedia
FK-473
3
subsp. intermedia
FK-458,
4
subsp. intermedia
fl. 4 cm, s t i g m a 8 m m . FK-28,
fl. 4 . 5 c m , s t i g m a 7 m m .
81
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
19.2. E. heinrichiana subsp. intermedia (Ritter) Kattermann 19.2a. var. intermedia (Ritter) Kattermann Stem sometimes more elongated, dark green to sometimes purplish-blackish; spines often more curved upward. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, throughout the Elqui Valley until Rivadavia; along the coast populations extend N to Cruz Grande and S to Quebrada Las Palmas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Elqui: W of Vicuna, Las Rojas, FK-28; Cuesta Buenos Aires, FK-104; S of Cruz Grande, FK-180; Rivadavia, FK-458; El Tambo, FK-461; Herradura, FK-476; near Pafiuelas, FK-534; Panuelas, FK-473. 19.2b. var. setosi flora (Ritter) Kattermann Ovary locule apex updrawn. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, coastal region of the Elqui and Limari valleys. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Elqui: Punta Lengua de Vaca, FK-23; Quehrada Las Palmas, S of Coquimbo, FK-11. Limari: S of Soco, FK-448. 19.3. E. heinrichiana subsp. simulans (Ritter) Kattermann Stem elongated, 7-15 x 5-7 cm, dark green; ribs 13-16, 7 mm high; areoles 8 x 5 mm, 5 mm apart, with long white wool, wool covering stem apex. Flowers not narrow funnelform at base of tube; pericarpel and tube covered by dense white wool and with many bristles from bract-scale axils; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes shorter, 4 mm, reddish to cream, erect to spreading. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, throughout the lower Rio Choros valley. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Elqui: W of Trapiche, FK-82; E of Los Choros, FK-472. 20. Eriosyce napina (Philippi) Kattermann Stem miniature, 2-4 cm diam., sometimes elongated; ribs dissolved into tubercles only a few mm high, 2-5 mm diam., with obtuse chin like protrusion below areoles; areoles sunken, with white wool, stem apex naked or sometimes covered by wool; spines few to many, 2-5 mm, black to horn-coloured. + appressed, radiating or sometimes ± pectinate, mostly all radials, but sometimes 1 central present; rootstock of large, tuberous taproots with a neck like restriction between root and stem. Flower from young areoles, funnelform, pale yellow to pale reddish; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with long, brownish to whitish floccose wool and black to brownish or whitish bristles; style 15-20 mm; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 7-10, 3—4 mm, erect to slightly spreading; nectary simple, tubular. 2-3 mm. Fruit elongated, seed restrained in sac like structure, dehiscent by a basal pore, firmly attached; perianth remnant attachment area 25-60% of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate X] 0.95-1.21 x 0.85-1.12 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa brown to black, tuberculate, ribbed; hilum keyhole-shaped, flat, 0.47-0.59 x 0.24-0.33 mm; micropyle completely or almost completely surrounded by hilum rim enlargement, rim not raised. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 9). Chile, in the Rio Huasco valley from Huasco to Vallenar. KEY TO SUBSPECIES OF E. NAPINA
1. Tubercles large, 5-6 mm diam.; stem 3-5 cm diam., never elongated; spines black, 20.1. subsp. napina appressed 1. Tubercles small, 1-2 mm diam.; stem smaller, 1-3 cm diam., often elongated; spines horncoloured (subsp. lembekei) 2 2. Stem globular, rarely elongating; tubercles 2-3 mm diam. 20.2b. var. duripulpa 2. Stem globular to elongated; tubercles 1-2 mm diam. . . . 20.2a. subsp. & var. lembekei
82
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
20.1. E. napina subsp. napina Stem Ыаск-grecn; ribs divided into tubercles 5-6 mm diam. Flower yellow to reddish; peri carpel and tube with dark brown to pale brown wool and brown bristles. Seed small, 0.95 x 0.85 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; hilum 0.47 x 0.24 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, in the Rio Huasco valley from Huasco to Freirina, and extending C. 15 km S of Freirina. SPECIMENS
EXAMINED.
CHILE.
Huasco:
Huasco, с. 1 km from beach, FK-75; near Freirina, FK-70; S of Freirina, FK-158, 159, 162. 20.2. E. napina subsp. lembekei FCattermann 20.2a. var. lembekei Kattermann Stem 1-2 cm diam., sometimes elongated; ribs in greater number, tubercles much smaller, 1-2 mm diam.; spines horn-coloured, radi ating to pectinate. Flower yellow. Perianth remnant attachment area 23'Й of fruit diam. Seed 1.00 x 1.00 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; hilum 0.53 x 0.33 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, known only from the type locality W of Freirina. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CHILE. Huasco: loc.
cit., FK-77 (holotype). According to Pablo Weisser, who was shown the plant by Lembcke, the type locality of Neochilenia lembekei Backeberg (invalid name) was west of Freirina (cf. FK-77).
M A P 9. Distribution of E. heinrichiana. and E. odieri
E.
napina
P L A T E 1 5 (page 84)
20.2b. var. duripulpa (Ritter) Kattermann Stem rarely elongating, 2-3 cm diam. Seed 1.21 x 1.12 mm high, asymmetric ratio 0.6; hilum larger, 0.59 x 0.30 mm. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from Vallenar to Huasco.
1
2
3
4
5
6
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Huasco: N
of Huasco, FK-72; N of Maitencillo, FK-80; Vallenar, FK-398.
1-2
/•.'. recondita
subsp.
iquiquensis
1, F K - 3 3 8 a ; 2, F K - 3 6 6
Ritter illustrates plants which are much elongated, but my observations indicate that elongation happens only rarely in habitat, although it may occur in cultivation.
3
E. recondita
4
E. napina
subsp. napina
subsp. recondita
5
E. napina
subsp. lembekei
6
E. napina
subsp. napina
FK-369
FK-75 FK-77 FK-70
83
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
If
• ^ 1
к 0
V \1 1 ч
1
^
1С
2
w% P L A T E 16 (ред.- 8 5 ; 1 - 4 £ . napina
var.
F I G U R E 18 duripulpa
1
6
£ . « № r i Gay 4 2 0 0 £ . odieri
Jung s.n.
2
subsp. lembekei
3
var. duripulpa
napina
1
subsp. odieri
F K - 7 7 , П. 3 . 5 cm. F K - 3 9 8 , fl. 3 cm.
F I G U R E 1 9 (right)
88
E.
F K - 7 5 , П. 4 c m ,
s t i g m a 3—4 m m .
1. F K - 7 2 ; 2 , F K - 8 0 ; 3 - 4 , F K - 3 9 8 5
(above}
subsp. napina
E.
odieri
F K - 8 0 4 , fl, 3 . 5 c m .
2
var. monte-amargeneia
3
subsp. glabrencenH F K - 5 3
4
subsp. fulva
FK-429
FK-806
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
87
Kattermann:
1
2
3
4
5
6
1-4
1-2
var. monte-amargensis FK-806 subsp. FK-53
glabrescens
subsp. fulca E. occulta I
FK-529
21. Eriosyce odieri (Salm-Dyck) Kattermann Stem subglobular, rarely globular, 3-6 cm diam., brownish to almost greyish; ribs completely dissolved into tubercles arranged ± spirally, tubercles 4—6 mm diam.; areoles sunken, with a chin below; spines mostly radial, ± appressed, 6-12, thin to thick, 2-5 mm, when centrals present these to 10 mm, much thicker; roots short to long turbinate. Flowers borne from young areoles, 3—4 cm, funnelform, pale yellow to pale reddish; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with white floccose wool, axils of tube with bristles; style 20 x 1.8 mm, reddish; stigmalobes 6-8, 4—6 mm, spreading, pale red, lighter than style; ovary locule apex updrawn; nectary modified, widened at base, 3 mm. Fruit elongating 3—4x diam. upon ripening, seed restrained in sac-like structure in fruit apex, dehiscent by basal pore, attachment firm; perianth remnant attachment area 35% of fruit diam. Seed |SEM Plate DC] 0.90-1.12 x 0.71-1.00 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.4-0.5; testa brown, tuber culate ribbed; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.30 x 0.21 mm; micro pyle in groove partly surrounded by enlarged, flat hilum rim. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 9). Chile, from Morro Copiapo E to c. railway station of Monte Amargo, S to Carrizal Bajo.
FK-391
enmeraldana
Eriosyce
FK-436
KEY TO INFRASPECIFIC TAXA OF E. ODIERI
1. Stem subglobular, 3-5 cm diam.; ribs 18-21; spines radiating, not appressed (subsp. odieri) 2 1. Stem smaller, 2-3 cm diam.; spines appressed 3 2. Spines only radial 2. Central spines present 3. Tubercles 3-5 mm diam 3. Tubercles smaller and more numerous, 2-3 mm diam
21.1a. subsp. & var. odieri 21.1b. var. monte-amargensis 21.2. subsp. glabrescens 21.3. subsp. fulva
21.1. E. odieri subsp. odieri 21.1a. var. odieri Stem 3—5 cm diam.; ribs 18—21. tubercles 3 mm diam., 2-3 mm high; areoles 1.5 x 0.5 mm. 1.5 mm apart; radial spines 8-10, 1.5-2 x 0.05 mm, appressed. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, known only from Morro Copiapo S of Caldera. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Copiapo: top of Morro Copiapo, FK-804; loc. cit., base, FK-802 Ineotype); Morro Copiapd, Gay 4200, Jung s.n. 21.1b. var. monte-amargensis Kattermann Differs from the above: spines often thicker and longer; central 1, porrect; flower more reddish. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, Monte Amargo railway station E to c. Caldera and c. 10 km S. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Copiapu, SW of Monte Amargo, FK-806; S of Monte Amargo. FK-522 (holotype).
89
Kattermann:
Erioayce
21.2. E. odieri subsp. glabrescens (Ritter) Kattermann Stem sometimes almost spineless, soft; ribs 7-8, dissolved into tubercles 8-6 mm diam.; roots longer, narrowed to a neck above; pericarpel and tube with white dense wool; nectary modified. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, border region of Prov. Copiapo and Huasco. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; CHILE. Copiapo: N of Totoral, FK-525; S of Totoral, FK-53, 144. Huasco: S of Carrizal Bajo. FK-815. 21.3. E. odieri subsp. fulva (Ritter) Kattermann Spines thicker and longer, appressed to ± recurved; roots longer, narrowed to a neck above. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, known only from E of Totoral. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CHILE. Copiapo: loc. cit., FK-529. 22. Eriosyce taltalensis (Hutchison) Kattermann Stem subglobular to globular to elongated, 3-14 cm diam.; ribs 8-13. notched into tubercles with a chin below each areole, 1 cm high; areoles sunken, variahle in size; spines irregular, straight to strongly curved, dark brown to blackish, radials 6-12, 3-20 mm, centrals 6-12, 20-40 mm; rootstock a shortly conical turbiniform taproot. Flowers borne from young areoles, narrow funnelform or sometimes more broadly funnelform. 3-4 x 2-3 cm; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with white floccose wool and white to brown, tortuous to straight bristles; perianthsegments lanceolate, fuchsia red to pale yellow; style 15-20 mm, cream-yellow to deep purplish red; ovary locule apex unknown; stigma-lobes 3-5 mm, erect or clasped together, cream-yellow to dark purplish red; nectary widened at base, 1-2 mm. Fruit elongating, seed loose within, dehiscent by a basal pore, fruit attachment firm; perianth remnant attachment area small, 35-45% of fruit diam. Seed ISEM Plates XI, XIII 1.0 x 0.9-1.0 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.5-0.7; testa tuberculate, sometimes strongly ribbed; hilum keyhole-shaped, 0.3 x 0.21 mm; micropyle in narrow part of keyhole, hilum rim enlarged, not raised. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 10). Chile, from S of Antofagasta to Caldera (Prov. Copiapo). Populations are mostly near the coast or on coastal hills. KEY
TO INFRASPECIEIC TAXA OF E. TALTALENSIS
1. Perianth-segments concolorous
3
1. Perianth-segments white below, uppermost one-third fuchsia red (subsp. echinus)
2
2. Stem apex with short areolar wool
22.3a. subsp. & var. echinus
2. Stem apex with long floccose areolar wool 22.3b. var. floccosa 3. Stem 6-15 cm diam., often elongated, glaucous green to green or brownish; flowers variable, yellow to reddish 22.2. subsp. paucicostata 3. Stem 3-8 cm diam., mostly subglobular to globular; flowers fuchsia red to white 4 4. Spines straight; flowers red, pink or white, style 1.2-1.5 mm diam. (subsp. taltalensis) 4. Spines tortuous, flower white, style 2-2.5 mm diam 5. Flowers red or cream 5. Flowers white or pink
90
.5
22.4. subsp. pilispina 22.1a. subsp. & var. taltalensis 22.1b. var. pygmaea
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
22.1. E. taltalensis subsp. taltalensis 22.1a var. taltalensis Stem subglobular to globular; central spines mostly straight, ± erect. Flower fuchsia red or cream; style purplish red. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, Prov. Antofagasta, S almost to Chanaral, N to Taltal (Paposo). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofagasta: Paposo, A. Hoffmann 194 in FK-440, E. Gay 4183; E of Paposo, FK-108; Quebrada Matancillas, Taylor s.n. (K, photos. I. Taltal, Breas, FK-116; Quebrada de Guanillos, FK-511; Chanaral: N of Pan de Azucar, FK-792; S of ibid., FK-798. The flowers of var. taltalensis are mostly carmine red, or sometimes cream. This variation can sometimes be observed in the same population. There exists a close relationship with E. confinis, which adjoins at the southern end, W of Caldera. 22.1b. var. pygmaea (Ritter) Kattermann Perianth-segments mostly white. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, mountains N of Chanaral to S of Caldera. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Chanaral: N of Chanaral, near sea level, FK-45, 130, 800, Gay 4192; ibid., mountains, FK-132. Copiapo: N of Caldera, FK-771, 765, Gay 4180; Morro Copiapo, FK-803. 22.2. E. taltalensis subsp. paucicostata (Ritter) Kattermann Stem larger and almost always elongated, 6-15 cm diam., dark green to glaucous green; ribs less depressed between areoles; spines mostly curved upward. Perianth-segments yellow to whitish, sometimes with a faint pinkish midstripes; tube and pericarpel bristles brown to white. Seed 0.95 x 0.90 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.8; testa tuberculate, not ribbed; hilum 0.35 x 0.21 mm; micropyle in narrow groove, hilumrimenlarged at micropyle, not raised. D I S T R I B U T I O N . Chile, Prov. Antofagasta, from Taltal N to c. 30 km N of Paposo. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofagasta: loc. cit., FK-34, 109, 110, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 489, 496, 499, 501, 785. 22.3. E. taltalensis subsp. echinus (Ritter) Kattermann 22.3a. var. echinus (Ritter) Kattermann Spines often thick. Flowers red with whitish centre. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, from S of Antofagasta along the coast to Blanco Encalada (Prov. Antofagasta). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofagasta: near El Cobre, FK-373, 374, 778, 780.
PLATE 18 (page 92)
/•.'.
1
2
3
4
5
6
taltalensis
1
var taltalensis
FK-116
2
var. taltalensis
Gay 4192
3
var. pygmaea
4
var. paucicostata
Gay 4180 FK-110
5
var. paucicostata
FK-389
6
var. paucicostata
FK--199
PLATE 19 (page 93)
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
E. taltalensis
2
A',
Taylor
var. floccosa 3
/'•-
4
E. sociabilis
FK-781
taltalensis
subsp. pilispina
5
/•:'.
FK-772
FK-147
taltalensis
var. pygmaea 6
s.n.
taltalensis
E. laui
FK-765
Lau 1541
91
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
22.3b. var. floccosa (Ritter) Kattermann Areoles with long wool, sometimes covering apex. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, known only from the region of Blanco Encalada, Prov. Antofagasta. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofa gasta: Blanco Encalada, FK-380, 381, 781. 22.4. subsp. pilispina I Ritter) Kattermann Spines thin, contorted. Flower-tube broadly funnelform; stigma-lobes 2-3 mm, spreading; nectary tubular, widened at base, 2 mm. Fruit much elongated; perianth remnant attach ment area 31% of fruit diam. Seed 0.90 x 0.86 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa ribbed; hilum 0.40 x 0.23 mm; micropyle in wide groove, hilum rim enlarged at micropyle, not raised. DISTRIBUTION. Chile, S of Barquito. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Chanaral: S of Barquito, FK-515; near Caleta Flamenco, FK-772.
FIGURE 20 1
E. taltalensis
var. pygmaea
FK-765.
Infraspecific categories_ of E taltalensis:
'.
F I G U R E 21 E.
•
subsp. taltalensis var. taltalensis
•
subsp. taltalensis var.
•
subsp echinus var. echinus
1
taltalensis
subsp. taltalensis
F K - 1 1 6 , П. 3 c m ,
stigma 3 m m . pygmaea
A subsp echinus var.
floccosa
О subsp. pilispina
f
\
2
3 О
subsp.
|
V,
occulta.
91
10. Distribution
F K - 1 1 0 , fl. 4 c m .
subsp. echinus
var. floccosa
FK-380,
/
"
fl. 3 . 2 cm.
paucicostata^ 4
MAP
»мЫ\>. paucicostata stigma 4.5 m m .
of E.
taltalensis
subsp. pilispina
F K - 7 7 2 , fl. 2 . 5 cm.
stigma 2.5 m m .
a n d E. 5
var. pygmaea
Cay 4 1 8 0
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
FIGURE 22 1
E. occulta
2
E. esmeraldana
F'K-391, II 4 cm, s t i g m a 4 m m .
3
E. aerocarpa
FK-437 F K - 6 3 , Л. 3 . 5 cm.
Eriosyce
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
23. Eriosyce occulta Kattermann Stem semiglobular (to globular in cultivation), sometimes branching with new heads formed from upper part of rootstock, 3-Я cm diam.; ribs to 14, notched into rhombic tubercles, with chin below, 5 mm high; areoles 3-6 x 1.5 mm, 5 mm apart, sunken; spines sometimes lacking, black to dark brown, slightly curved, somewhat appressed. radials 4-6, 3-11 x 0.12 mm, centrals 0-1, 5-10 x 0.25 mm; rootstock large turbinate, not narrowed towards apex. Flower from young areoles, funnelform, 2.3—4 cm; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with white floccose wool and white contorted bristles; tube 13 mm; perianth-segments 18-20 x 5-6 mm, whitish with pale reddish midstripes; style 20 x 2 mm, purplish red at base, lighter above; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 8-10, 3—4 mm, erect or clasped together, orange-red; nectary 2 mm, widened at base. Fruit red, elongating 1.5-2x upon ripening, wall medium thick, fleshy, seed contained in a sac, dehiscent by a basal pore, attachment firm; perianth remnant attachment area 50% of fruit diam. Seed [SEM Plate XIIIJ 1.2 x 1.12 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa hlackish, deeply ribbed, slightly keeled; hilum 0.36 x 0.24 mm, slightly sunken; micropyle in groove of enlarged hilum rim. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 10). Chile, known from region of Taltal. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofagasta: Taltal, Breas, FK-39I (holotype). Note: This is Echinocactus occultus, Neoporteria occulta etc. of authors, following the use of the name employed by Schumann (Sbhrens coll.), and not Echinocactus occultus Philippi. which may be an older name for Eriosyce heinrichiana. Sect. II. Neoporteria subsect. 2. Chileosyce (spp. nos. 24-28) Stem very small, 2-3 cm diam.; ribs dissolved into tubercles; areoles small, with short wool; spines few, 5-8, short, 1-3 mm; roots long turbiniform, sometimes with delicate, easily damaged root epidermis. Flowers from young areoles. yellow to reddish; pericarpel and tube covered by dense wool, with porrect, stiff bristle clusters; stigma-lobes spreading; nectary modified, widened and angular at base. Fruit oval, thin-walled, dry shortly after ripening, with long porrect bristles from scale axils; dehiscent by a basal pore, wind dispersed; attachment area of perianth remnants medium sized. Seed small. 0.6-0.9 mm, often shiny black; hilum large, wide keyholeshaped, sunken; micropyle partly surrounded by modified hilum rim. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 11). On the coast of Chile, c. 25°45'-29 30'S. The northern populations are found from near sea level to 300 m, but toward the southern end of the range they can be found further inland at elevations of 300-600 m. This distribution matches that of subsect. Eriosyce and subsect. Neoporteria. Plants of these subsections often inhabit the same areas. n
Diagnostic bristles.
feature: Pericarpel and tube with dense wool and many porrect, brownish
24. Eriosyce esmcraldana (Ritter) Kattermann Stem 3—4 cm diam., dark green to red brown, sometimes branching by forming plantlets from outer areoles; ribs 13-22, dissolved into tubercles 2-5 mm diam. and 2-3 mm high; areoles sunken, 1-2 x 1 mm, 3-4 mm apart; spines thin, needlelike, radials 5-7, 3-5 x 0.125 mm; rootstock a short to long conical tap root. Flowers borne from young areoles, 2-3 cm long and wide; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with long, black bristles; nectary widened at base. Fruit clavate. Seed |SEM Plate XIII] 0.85 x 0.85 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa blackish to brownish, deeply ribbed; hilum 0.30 x 0.16 mm; micropyle in groove, hilum rim enlarged and raised at micropyle. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 11). Chile, along the coast from N of Planta Esmeralda to N of Pan de Azucar, Prov. Antofagasta.
97
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Antofa gasta: Quebrada de Guanillos, A. Hoffmann 132 in FK-437, FK-506; Cerro Morado, FK-795; Planta Esmeralda, A. Hoffmann 207 in FK-436. FK-504.
71
/t
The more porrect bristles on the fruit and flower of E, esmeraldana indicate its correct placement in subsect. Chileosyce. 25. Eriosyce aerocarpa (Ritter I Kattermann Stem subglobose to elongated, 2-3 cm diam., not branching; ribs many, to 24, dissolved into tubercles, these 1.5-4 mm diam. and 2-4 mm high; areoles not sunken, 3 x 1.5 mm, 2-4 mm apart, woolly, wool covering stem apex; spines short acicular, red-brown, straight to recurved, radials 6-14, somewhat pectinate, 2—3 mm, centrals 0—2, much thicker, 10 mm, porrect; rootstock a turbiniform taproot with a neck at apex. Flowers born from young areoles, funnelform, 3-5 cm; pericarpel and tube bract-scale axils with long floccose wool and many porrect bristles; perianth-segments 5-7 mm wide, pale reddish with darker midstripes; style 18—25 x 2 mm, reddish; ovary locule apex updrawn; stigma-lobes 11-14, 3-8 mm. spreading, reddish; nectary simple, not widened at base, 3 mm. Fruit elongating, bract-scale axils with long floccose wool and many porrect, brown bristles (wind-dispersed fruit), thin-walled, hidden by wool and bristles, dry when ripe, dehiscent by a basal pore, seed contained within sac, fruit attach ment loose (removed by wind); perianth remnant attachment area wide. Seed [SEM Plate XIIII 1.12 x 1.07 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.6; testa tuberculate, brownish; hilum narrow keyhole-shape, not deeply sunken, 0.40 x 0.25 mm; micropyle at end of narrow groove, hilum rim enlarged at micropyle, not raised. DISTRIBUTION (MAP 11). Chile, from E of Carrizal Bajo to Canto del Agua, Huasco. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. CHILE. Huasco; Canto del Agua, FK-63, 153.
69
. Chile, from N of Caldera to Cifuncho (Prov. Antofagasta). S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Antofagasta: N of Pan de Azucar, FK-790. Chanaral: Pan de Azucar, FK-127; S of Barquito, FK-328, 392, 395, 773. Copiapo: Caleta Obispo, FK-135; N of Caldera, FK-438, A. Hoffmann & R. Ferryman (seed), cult. FK-845, loc. cit., FK-519. 27. Eriosyce tenehrica (Ritter) Kattermann Stem subglobular to flattened, 2-4 cm diam., not branching, blackish brown; ribs 12, dissolved into tubercles, these 3—6 mm diam. and 2-3 mm high; areoles not sunken, 4 x 1.5-2 mm, 3—5 mm apart; spines all radial, 3-6, 1-2 mm, thin; rootstock a long turbiniform taproot, sometimes with a neck. Flowers born from young areoles, funnelform, 3-5 cm; pericarpel and tube bractscale axils with long Ooccose wool and many porrect bristles; perianth-segments 5—6 mm wide, yellow to pale reddish brown; style c. 20 mm, cream-yellow; stigma-lobes 8-14, 3-8 mm, spreading, cream-yellow; nectary tubular, not widened at base, 3 mm. Fruit elongating, bractscale axils with long floccose wool and many porrect brown bristles (wind-dispersed fruit), thinwalled, epidermis completely hidden by wool and bristles, dry when ripe, dehiscent by a basal pore, seed contained within sac, fruit attachment loose (removed by wind); perianth remnant attachment area 40% of fruit diam., transition from fruit to perianth hidden by wool and bristles. Seed |SEM PI. XIII very small, 0.81 x 0.94 mm, asymmetric ratio 0.7; testa dull black, not ribbed, testa-cells high domed; hilum wide keyhole-shaped, 0.4 x 0.33 mm, deeply sunken; micropyle at narrow end of hilum, not groove like, hilum rim barely enlarged and not raised at micropyle. DISTRIBUTION (MAP l l ) . Chile, from west of Domeyko to the Rio Choros valley. S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . CHILE. Huasco: W of Domeyko, FK-531. Elqui: Trapiche, FK-402. 28. Eriosyce laui Luthy: see Appendix II (p. 121). Chile, known only from the type locality south of Tocopilla. CHILE. Tocopilla: S of Tocopilla, FK-774.
DISTRIBUTION (MAP I D . SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
99
Kattermann;
Eriosyce
:
* *
•У/ 2
If
Iff
la
3
V-^>
F I G U R E 2 3 labove)
1 Ч Л Т Е 2 0 <pa*e
101)
1
E. krauaii
FK-438
1
E. aerocarpa
2
E. krauaii
FK-135
2
E. krauaii Hoffmann
3
E. krauaii
4
£.
5
Я . chilenaia FK-3 (bottom left)
6
E. chilenaia
.'] E. tenehrica
100
FK-402
F K - 6 3 f/op
left)
s.n.
top
rigA/)
F K - 3 9 2 (ста/re fe/W
tenehrica
F K - 4 0 2 erg, Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 3 2 11957). T L : Chile, prov. CoquimlHi.
Fray Jorge, T : not designated. ( I l l Eriosyce
wratistes
var. jorgensis
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 1: 3 3 ( 1 9 5 7 ) . T L : C h i l e , prov. C o q u i m b o .
Estancia Fray Jorge, T : not designated. [ 121 Eriosyce
ceratistes
var. molfensis
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 1: 3 2 ( 1 9 5 7 ) . T L : Chile, prov. C o q u i m b o , Rio
Molles, 2 3 0 0 m, T : Jiles 5 (not preserved). [ 1 3 ] [ S y n o n y m s continued on page I34J
SEM PLATE I Rows 1 - 3 : Eriosyce
aurata.
Row 1, F K - 4 4 9 . Row 2 . left, F K - 4 8 6 ; centre.
F K - 4 4 9 ; right. F K - 5 3 5 . Row 3. l e a . Xoellncr centre, F K - 4 8 6 ;
right,
FK-454.
F K - 8 0 8 . R o w 5 . E. rodentiophila,
13^
s.n. (Santiago. Rio Blanco,
Row 4. E. aurata E.F. Anderson
var.
in F K - 8 5 1 .
spinibarbis,
Kattermann: I Further s y n o n y m s of E. Eriosyce
ceratistes
T : Kraus Eriosyce
Eriosyce
aurata\
var. vallenarensis
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 1: 3 2 (1957». T L : Chile, A t a c a m a , V a l l e n a r .
17 (not preserved). [ 1 4 ]
ceratistes
var. zorillaensis
Backeberg. Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 3 2 11957 >. T L : Chile. O v a l l e , near Zorilla,
4 0 0 m, T : not designated. [151 Eriosyce
ceratistes
var. tranquillaensis
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 1 2 ( 1 9 8 0 ) , invalid (Art. 3 6 . 1 ) . T L : Chile,
iilapel. Tranquilla. [ 1 6 ] l b . E r i o s y c e a u r a t a var. s p i n i b a r b i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra. Eriosyi-e spinibarbis
117. f 17.]
Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 1 5 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : C h i l e , Copiapo. W from Can-era Pinto. 1 9 5 4 .
T : Ritter 5 3 4 (U). U 8 | 2. E r i o s y c e r o d e n t i o p h i l a Ritler, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 1 6 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, C h a n a r a l , W from S a l a d o . 1 9 5 4 . T : Ritter
2 6 4 ( U , holo., Z S S . iho.). O b e . : Priority of E. rodentiophila
Ritter ( 1 9 8 0 ) over E.
megacarpa
Ritter ( 1 9 8 0 ) w a s established by A . H o f f m a n n . Cact. Fl. Chile, 1 4 4 , 1 4 6 ( 1 9 8 9 ) ; cf. I C B N Art. 5 7 . 2 . [191 Eriosyce
rodentiophila
var. lanata Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 1 7 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, Taltal. between Cifuncho
and E s m e r a l d a , T : Ritter 5 1 5 (Щ Rodentiophila Eriosyce
lanata
megacarpa
[20]
Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 1 7 ( 1 9 8 0 1 . pro syn. [211 Ritter. Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3: 9 1 7 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile. C h a n a r a l , 1 9 5 4 . T : Ritter 5 1 4 ( U . holo.,
Z S S , iso.). | 2 2 | Rodentiophila
megacarpa
(Ritter) Y . Ito, Cact.. 4 2 9 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . invalid (Art. 4 3 . 1 ) ; Ritter, Katalog H . W i n t e r
( 1 9 5 7 ) . invalid (Art. 3 6 . 1 . 3 7 . 1 ) . 123] Rtnientiophila
atacamensis
Ritter ex Ito. Cact., 4 2 9 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . invalid (Art. 4 3 . 1 ) . [241
3. E r i o s y c e b u l b o c a l y x ( W e r d e r m a n n ) K a t t e r m a n n , supra. Echinocactus
bulbocalyx
1 1 7 . 125]
W e r d e r m a n n . B l u h . K a k t . , t. 1 3 6 ( 1 9 3 7 ) . T L : N Argentina, 8tum*T(Ufa Backeberg
1959). L e c t o t y p e (designated here): W e r d e r m a n n , I.e.. t. 1 3 6 ( 1 9 3 7 ) . |261 Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus Rausch Pyrrhocactus
bulbocalyx
( W e r d e r m a n n ) Backeberg. Cact. 3: 1 5 6 5 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [ 2 7 ]
bulbocalyx megliolii
( W e r d e r m a n n ) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. O r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 2 8 | R a u s c h . K a k t . and. S u k k . 2 5 : 2 2 0 ( 1 9 7 4 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , San J u a n , near M a r a y e s , T :
559 (Wl. |29l umadeave
var. marayesensis
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 13 ( 1 9 6 3 ) , invalid (Art. 9 . 5 ) . T L :
A r g e n t i n a , N A r g e n t i n a , near M a r a y e s . T : Uhlig Neoporteria
umadeave
var. marayesensis
137 Inot preserved). [ 3 0 |
(Backebergl Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. O r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) ,
invalid. [311 'IPyrrhocactus
dubius
Backeberg, K a k t u s - A B C , 4 1 5 ( 1 9 3 5 ) . T L : ' N W Argentina'. [Identification is tentative;
plants in cultivation s h o w this affinity - F K ] . [ 3 2 | Weoporteria
dubia
iBackeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. O r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 3 3 ]
4 a . E r i o s y c e s t r a u s i a n a ( S c h u m a n n ) K a t t e r m a n n , supra. Echinocactus
strausianus
1 1 7 . |var. s t r a u s i a n a | 3 4 |
S c h u m a n n , M o n a t s s c h r . K a k t . - K u n d e 11: 1 1 2 ( 1 9 0 1 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , Rio N e g r o .
N of the [Rio] Colorado. T : llammerbacher
iBi"). L e c t o t y p e (designated here): S c h u m a n n , I.e. 1 0 7
(illustration). [351 Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
strausianus strausiana
( S c h u m a n n ) Berger, K a k t e e n , 3 4 5 ( 1 9 2 9 ) . ] 3 6 | ( S c h u m a n n ) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . ( 3 7 1
I S y n o n y m s continued on page 1361
S E M P L A T E 11 Row 1, Eriosyce
umadeave,
Row 3 , E. strausiana, E. strausiana,
134
F K - 8 4 3 . Row 2 . E. andreaeana,
F K - 5 8 3 . R o w 4 , E. villicumensis,
FK-576.
FK-593
F K - 5 8 4 . Row 5.
Kattermann: IFurther s y n o n y m s of Eriosyce Echinocactus
catamarcensis
Eriosyce
strausiana]
Spegazzini, Cact. Plat. Tent. 11: 5 0 0 (19051. T L : Argentina, collinis
aridissimis pracandinis in M e n d o z a , S a n J u a n et C a t o m a r c a ' , 2 2 Jan. Spegazzini Malacocarpus
saxosis
19871. T :
LPS 2 3 1 3 0 (LPS). | 3 8 ] catamarcensis
Pyrrhocactus
1 9 0 5 |cf. Riesling
catamarcensis
(Spegazzinii Britton & Rose, Cact. 3 : 197 ( 1 9 2 2 ) . [39J I Spegazzini) Ritter, Succulenta 1959: 1 3 0 ( 1 9 5 9 ) , illegitimate n a m e (Art. 6 4 . 1 ) .
140] Echinmactus
sanjuanensis
Spegazzini, Cact. Plat. Tent. 1 1 : 5 0 1 ( 1 9 0 5 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , prov. S a n Juan,
'montuosis aridissimis', T : ? ( L P S , photo.). [411 Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
sanjuanensis
(Spegazzinii Backeberg, Cactaceae ( D K G ) 1939(2): 5 4 ( 1 9 3 9 ) . [ 4 2 |
sanjuanensis
Pyrrhocactus
iSpegazzini) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . | 4 3 ]
volliaiius
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . , 3 1 ( 1 9 5 7 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , S A r g e n t i n a , T : not
designated, ex cult. R B . [441 Neoporteria
vnlliana
Pyrrhocactus
(Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 < 1 9 6 6 ) . [451
setosiflorus
Backeberg, Cact. 6: 3 7 4 5 < 1 9 6 2 ) , mm Ritter. invalid ( A r t . 9 . 5 , 3 7 . 1 ) . T L : Based on
living pi. from A r g e n t i n a and Chile. ] 4 6 ] Pyrrhixactus
setiflorus
setosiflorus Neoporterui
Backeherg, Descr. Cact. Nov. 3 : 13 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . nom. nov., invalid (Art. 3 7 . 1 ) .
(P.
Backeberg поп Ritter). [471
setiflora
(Backeberg) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) , invalid (Art. 37.11.
[481 Pyrrhocactus
atrospinosus
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 13 ( 1 9 6 3 ) , invalid ( A r t 9 . 5 ) . T L : Argentina.
M e n d o z a , 4 0 k m W of M e n d o z a , T : Uhlig PyrrhiH-actus
platyacanthus
1 9 5 5 , T : Ritter
141 (not preserved). [ 4 9 ]
Ritter. Kakt. S u d a m e r . 2: 4 2 0 11980i. T L : A r g e n t i n a , prov. M e n d o z a , M a l a r g u e .
4 4 8 (ZSS).
[60]
4 b . E r i o s y c e s t r a u s i a n a var. p a c h a c o e n s i s iRauschi K a t t e r m a n n . supra, PyrrhtK-actus
pachacoensis
1 7 0 0 m, T : Rausch
5 5 6 ( Z S S (orig. cited at W » . [ 5 2 ]
5 . E r i o s y c e u m a d e a v e ( W e r d e r m a n n ! K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Echinocactus
117. | 5 1 |
R a u s c h . Kakt. and. S u k k . 2 6 : 7 3 ( 1 9 7 5 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , S a n J u a n , near Pacheco.
umadeave
117. [ 5 3 |
W e r d e r m a n n , Monatsschr. Deutsche K a k t . - G e s . 3 : 2 2 3 ( 1 9 3 1 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , prov
S a l t a , near Puerto Tastil. 2 5 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 m, T : Ritter (lost). L e c t o t y p e (designated herel: prov. S a l t a and Jujuy, Stumer Friesia
umadeave
s.n. ( B ) . f 5 4 | Fric ex Kreuzinger, Moller's D e u t s c h e Gart.-Zeit. 4 4 : 2 5 3 ( 1 9 2 9 ) , invalid (Art. 32.1.c). Based
on a photo, from Kreuzinger. | 5 5 | Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
umadeave umadeave
( W e r d e r m a n n ) Backeberg. K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 4 ( 1 9 3 5 ) . | 5 6 | ( W e r d e r m a n n ) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 5 7 ]
6 . E r i o a y c e a n d r e a e a n a K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Neochilenia
andreaeana
Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
andreaeanus andreaeana
AcanthiK-alyeium
117. T : Kattermann
5 9 3 ( D B G . hob.). [58]
Backeberg, Kakt. and. S u k k . 10: 3 8 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . invalid (Art. 9 . 5 , 3 7 . 1 ) . T L : Chile, loc
unknown. Based on Andreae
s.n. (not preserved). [ 5 9 |
(Backeberg) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) , invalid. [601 (Backeberg! Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 (19661, invalid. | 6 1 ]
andreaeanum
iBackeberg) Donald, A s h i n g t o n i a 1: 1 2 5 ( 1 9 7 5 ) . invalid. | 6 2 ]
S E M P L A T E III Rows
1-4,
1 (Islaya
Eriosyce
islayensis
malendensis);
2
4 (/. chalaensis).
136
(/.
(seeds
from
divaricatiflora);
Row 5 , E. bulbocalyx,
FK-706.
commercial 3
(/.
souimr
copiapotdemz
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
7 . E r i o s y c e v i l l i c u m e n s i s I Rausch) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
villicumensis
Neoporteria
villicumensis
117. | 6 3 |
R a u s c h , Kakt. a n d . S u k k . 2 5 ( 1 2 ) : 2 6 8 ( 1 9 7 4 ) . T L : A r g e n t i n a , prov. San J u a n ,
Sierra Villicum, T : Rausch
5 5 5 ( Z S S . [ 6 4 ]
(Rausch (Donald, Ashingtonia 2(4): suppl. lAshingtonia Species C a t . Cact. (part 12],
without pagination] ( 1 9 7 6 ) . { 6 5 ] Pyrrhocactus
melanacanthus
Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 13 ( 1 9 6 3 ) , invalid (Art. 9 . 5 ) . T L : Argentina,
prov. S a n J u a n , T : Uhtig Neoporteria
melanacantha
1 5 2 (not preserved). [ 6 6 ]
(Backeberg) D o n a l d & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . invalid. (671
8. E r i o s y c e i s l a y e n s i s (Forster) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Echinocactus
islayensis
117. |68]
Forster, H a m b u r g . G a r t . Blumenzeit. 17: 1 6 0 ( 1 8 6 1 ) . T L : [Peru:l prov. Islay. T : not
designated. [ 6 9 | Islaya
islayensis
Neoporteria Echinocactus
(Forster) Backeberg, Blatt. Kakteenf. 1934(3): [unpaged] < 19341. [ 7 0 ]
islayensis
T: Weherhauer Islaya
(Vaupel) Backeberg. Blatt. Kakteenf. 1 9 3 5 ( 7 ) : lunpagedl ( 1 9 3 5 ) . [ 7 3 ]
islayensis
'mnllendensis'). Islaya
V a u p e l . Bot. J a h r b . 5 0 : Beibl. I l l : 2 4 ( 1 9 1 3 ) . T L : S Peru, Mollendo, 3 Oct 1 9 0 2 ,
1506 (B). | 7 2 |
malendensis
Neoporteria
(Forster) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . f711
malendensis
f. malendensis
i V a u p e l ) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 11966) (as
[74]
minor Backeberg, Blatt. Kakteenf. 1934110): ] unpaged I ( 1 9 3 4 ) . T L : Peru. M o l l e n d o . 9 0 0 m. L e c t o t y p e
(designated here): Backeberg, I.e. (illustration). [751 Islaya
islayensis
Neoporteria
var. minor
islavensis
(Backeberg) Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 4: 1 3 0 0 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . [ 7 6 ]
f. minor
( R a u h & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .
[77] Islaya
bicolor A k c r s & Buining, Succulenta 1 9 5 1 : 3 8 ( 1 9 5 1 ) . T L : Cent. Peru, m e s a between Nazca and L a m a .
T : Akers Neoporteria Islaya
s.n. ( D S ) . [ 7 8 ] bicolor
( A k c r s & Buiningi Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [791
brcvicylindrica
1 9 5 6 , T : Rauh Neoporteria
R a u h & Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov,, 3 3 11957). T L : S Peru, near C a n a m a n a , 4 0 0 m,
K . 1 3 6 (HELD?). | 8 0 |
islayensis
f. brevicytindrica
( R a u h & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 :
56 (1966). [ 8 1 | Islaya
copiapoides
Rauh & Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov., 3 3 11957). T L : S Peru, km 5 2 V i a P a n a m e r i c a n a .
1 9 5 4 . T : Rauh Islaya
islayensis
Neoporteria
К 54 (НЕЮ?). [82|
var. copiapoides
islayensis
I Rauh & Backeberg) Ritter, Backeberg's Descr. Erbrt. [unpaged] ( 1 9 5 8 ) . [ 8 3 ]
var. copiapoides
( R a u h & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6
(1966). [84] Islaya
copiapoides
T: Ritter Islaya
var. chalaensis
Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 4: 1 2 9 5 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru, depto A r e q u i p a , C h a l a .
1 2 8 ( U . holo., Z S S . iso.). [ 8 5 |
copiapoides
var. pseudoniollendensis
Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 4: 1 2 9 7 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru, depto Arequipa,
C a l a v e r i t a s . between Atico and Ocona, T : Ritter Islaya grandiflorens 1 9 5 6 . T : Rauh Neoporteria
128a ( U , holo,). 186)
R a u h & Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov., 3 3 ( 1 9 5 7 ) . T L : S Peru, k m 6 9 7 V i a P a n a m e r i c a n a . К
islayensis
130a ( H E I D ? ) . (87J f. grandiflorens
( R a u h & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6
(1966). [88) [ S y n o n y m s continued on page 1 4 0 |
SEM PLATE Р/ Eriosyce armata
curvispina.
138
Row
1, var. curvispina.
F K - 2 8 1 . Row 3 , var. mutabtlts,
Kattermann
FK-279.
Row 2 .
w .
F K - 3 2 3 . Row 4 , var. гоЬимШ.
2 6 2 . Row 5, var. tuberisulcata,
FK-251.
Kattermann: (Further s y n o n y m s of Eriosyce
Itlaya grandiflorens
Erioayce
islayensis]
var. spinosior
R a u h & Backeberg in Backeberg, Die Cact. 3: 1 8 9 4 119591, invalid
(Art.
3 7 . 1 ) . [891 Neoporteria
islayensis
f. spinosinr
(Rauh & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6
( 1 9 6 6 ) , invalid. 1901 Islaya grandiflorens
var. tenuispina
invalid (Art. 2 6 . 1 ) . T : Rauh Islaya grandis
R a u h & Backeberg in R a u h . Beitr. K e n n t n . Peruan. K a k t . . 5 0 0 ( 1 9 5 8 » ,
K. 130a ( H E I D ? ) . [ 9 1 ]
R a u h & Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov., 3 3 11957 (. T L : S Peru, valley of Rio M a j e s , Hacienda
O n g o r o , k m 1 8 0 . 1 0 0 0 m, 1 9 5 6 . T : Rauh Neoporteria
islayensis
var. grandis
K. 1 5 0 ( H E I D ? ) . [ 9 2 |
(Rauh & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley. C H C I . S U C C . J . G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6
(1966). [93] Islaya grandis
var. hrevispina
Rauh & Backeberg in R a u h . Beitr. Kenntn. Peruan. K a k t . . 4 9 4 119581. T L : S
Peru. Rio M a j e s . Hacienda Ongoro. 1 9 5 6 T : Rauh Neoporteria
islayensis
f. hrevispina
K . 150a ( Z S S ) . 1941
(Rauh & Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6
11966). | 9 5 ] Islayagrandis
var. neglecta
S i m o , K a k t . and. Sukk. 9(7): 103 (19581, inval. (Art. 2 6 . 1 ) . T L : S Peru, Hacienda
Ongoro, km 1 8 0 , 1 0 0 0 m, 1 9 5 6 (living pi.?), T : Rauh Islaya
paucispinosa
Rauh
&
Backeberg,
P a n a m e r i c a n a , 1 9 5 4 , T : Rauh Islaya раш-ispina
Descr.
K. 150. [ 9 6 ]
Cact. N o v .
Ill, 3 3 (1957).
T L : S Peru,
km
52 Via
K . 4 2 ( Z S S ) . 1971
R a u h & Backeberg in R a u h . Peruan. KakU?enveg., 5 0 0 ( 1 9 5 8 ) . O b s . : error for
paucispinosa.
198] Islava paucispinosa TL:
var. runispina
Peru, C h a l a , 1 9 5 6 , T : Rauh
Neoporteria
lindlevi
1. curvispina
R a u h & Backeberg in Rauh. Beitr. K e n n t n . Peruan. K a k t . . 5 0 2 ( 1 9 5 8 ) . K. 127b (HEID?). [99]
(Rauh & Backeberg) Donald & Rowlev, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 11966).
11001 Islaya krainziuna Neoporteria
Ritter. S u k k u l e n t c n k . 7-8: 31 11963). T L : Chile. Poconchile, T : Ritter 2 0 0 p.p. ( Z S S ) . [ 1 0 1 ]
krainziana
Islaya divarieatiflora
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [1021 Ritter. Taxon 13: 144 (19641. T L : Peru, depto Arequipa, C a n a m a n a , T : Ritter 5 8 8 ( U ,
holo., Z S S , too.). 11031 Neoporteria
islayensis
var. divarieatiflora
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .
[1041 Islaya flavida Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 4 : 1 2 9 8 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru. prov. Caraveli. Convento, 1 9 5 3 . T : Ritter 1 8 6 ( U , holo., Z S S , iso.l. [1051 Islaya
maritime
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 4: 1 3 0 1 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru. Atico, 1 9 5 6 . T : Ritter
nov. for / . grandiflorens Islaya
minuseula
1462 Islaya (U).
(U).
5 9 0 ( U l . O b a . : Sp.
R a u h & Backeberg 1 9 5 8 non 1 9 5 7 . 11061
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 4: 1 3 0 3 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru, depto Arequipa. Atico, 1 9 6 9 , T : Ritter
11071
ungnispina
Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 4: 1 3 0 4 ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T L : Peru, depto Tacna, Y a r a d a , 1 9 5 6 , T : Ritter 5 9 1
1108]
Islaya omasensis
Ostolaza & Mischler, K a k t . a n d . S u k k . 3 4 ( 3 1 : 5 4 ( 1 9 8 3 ) . T L : Peru, prov. C a n e t e . 9 0 km S E
of L i m a , between Cnnyllo and O m a s , without date or collector, T : [Cactaceae] 5 4 0 7 ( M l . 11091 Neoporteria
omasensis
I O s t o l a z a & Mischler) F e r r y m a n in P r e s t o n - M a f h a m . Cact. 111. Diet., 1 4 7 ( 1 9 9 1 ) . 1110]
SEM
PLATE V
Rows 1 - 3 , Eriosyce
kunzei.
F K - 8 2 0 . 3 , var. transitensis. 5, E. confinis.
140
FK-141.
1, var. kunzei,
F K - 4 5 9 . 2 , var.
F K - 8 2 0 . R o w 4 , E. limariensis.
transitensis. FK-20. Row
Kattermann: 9 . 1 . E r i o s y c e r e c o n d i t a (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n . supra, Pyrrhocactus
reconditus
Eriosyce 1 1 7 . [subsp. r e c o n d i t a l [1111
Ritter. Succulenta 1 9 6 2 : 2 7 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . T L : Chile, N A n t o f a g a s t a . 1 9 5 4 . T : Ritter
204
(ZSS). | 1 1 2 | Netxhilenia
remndita
Neoporteria
recondita
Pyrrhocactus T : Ritter
(Ritter) Backeberg. Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 1 0 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . [1131 (Ritter) D o n a l d & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [1141
vexatux
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 8 1 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile. N W A n t o f a g a s t a , Morro Moreno, 1 9 6 0 .
1 0 5 5 ( U ) . [1151
9 . 2 . E r i o s y c e r e c o n d i t a subsp. i q u i q u e n s i s (Ritteri K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
iquiquensis
1 1 7 . [1161
Ritter, T a x o n 12: 3 2 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . T L : N Chile, Iquique, T : Ritter
201 (ZSS). [117]
Neochilenia
iquiquensis
I Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9 1 1 9 6 3 ) . 11181
Neoporteria
iquiquensis
(Ritter) D o n a l d & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [1191
Pyrrhocactus
aricensis
Ritter, T a x o n 12: 3 2 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . T L : N Chile, coastal region of A r i c a . T : RUter 2 6 8 ( Z S S ) .
1120] Neochilenia
aricensis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 9 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . [ 1 3 1 ]
Neoporteria
aricensis
(Ritter) D o n a l d & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 1 2 2 ]
Pyrrhocactus
residuus
Ritter & Buining, Taxon 12: 3 3 11963). T L : N Chile, coastal region of A n t o f a g a s a t a .
T : Ritter 2 0 3 ( U ) . [ 1 2 3 ] Nem:hUenia
residua
(Ritter & Buiningl Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3 : 10 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . | 1 2 4 |
Neoporteria
residua
(Ritter) D o n a l d & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [1251
Pyrrhocactus
saxifraga
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 7 0 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, Iquique, Guanillos. 1 9 5 8 , T : Ritter
7 1 2 < U ) . [1261 Chileorebutia
saxifraga
Ritter, C a c t u s (Parisl 14(63): Suppl. ( 1 9 5 9 ) and I.e. 15(66): 10 ( I 9 6 0 ) , invalid (Art.
36.1). [127] Neochilenia
nuda Backeberg, Cact. 6 : 3 7 7 7 1 1 9 6 2 ) , invalid ( A r t . 3 3 . 2 ) . O b s . : B a s e d on Chileorebutia
saxifraga.
1128] Reicheocactus
floribundus
Backeberg, Cact. 6: 3 8 0 2 1 1 9 6 2 ) . invalid (Art. 3 7 . 1 ) . [ 1 2 9 ]
Pyrrhocactus
floribundus
(Backeberg) Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 4 0 ( 1 9 8 0 1 , invalid (Art. 3 7 . 1 ) . O b s . :
B a s i o n y m invalid. [ 1 3 0 |
1 0 a . E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a (Bertero ex Colla) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Cactus
curvispinus
1 1 7 . (var. c u r v i s p i n a ! 11311
Bertero ex Colla. M e m . A c a d . Sci. Torino 3 7 : 7 5 - 7 6 , t. 1 6 . 2 ( M a y 1 8 3 3 , preprint; 1 8 3 4 ) .
Bertero, Merc. Chil. 13: 5 9 8 ( 1 8 2 9 ) , nom. nud. T L : C h i l e , C a e h a p u a l , T : Bertero ( T O , not found i. N e o t y p e (designated here): Colla, I.e. t. 1 6 . 2 . [1321 Echimxactus Malacocarpus Pyrrhocactus
curvispinus
(Bertero ex C o l l a ! G a y , Fl. Chil. 3 : 16 ( 1 8 4 8 ) . (1331
curvispinus
(Bertero ex Colla) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 2 0 3 ( 1 9 2 2 ) . 1134] (Bertero ex Colla I Berger, K a k t e e n . 3 4 5 1 1 9 2 9 ) . O b e . : C o m b , also m a d e by Backeberg
curvispinus
in Backeberg & K n u t h . K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 2 (19351. | 1 3 5 | Horridixactus Neoporteria Horridocactus
curvispinus curvispina
(Bertero ex Colla) Backeberg, K a k t e e n k u n d e 1 9 4 0 : 5 1 ( 1 9 4 0 ) . [1361
(Bertero ex Colla) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . 1137]
andicola
Ritter. Succulenta 1959(7): 9 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : Chile, prov. A c o n c a g u a . 2 0 0 0 m, T : Ritter
4 8 6 icited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1987). I ^ e c t o t y p c (designated here): Ritter, I.e. 9 8 (illustration!. 1138] Pyrrhtxactus Horridixactus
andicola
(Ritter) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 0 ) : 1 3 1 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . 1139]
andicola
m, T : Ritter
var. descendens
Ritter. Succulenta 1 9 5 9 1 7 1 : 9 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : Chile, Cordillera 33"S. 1 0 0 0
4 6 8 b (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. 1 0 0
(illustration). 1140] lyrrhocactus
andicola
var. descendens
(Ritter) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 0 ) : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . 1141]
I S y n o n y m s continued on page 1 4 4 ]
S E M PLATE VI Eriosyce
crispa.
R o w 1, subsp. crispa,
F K - 6 7 . Row 3 . var. totoralensis. Row 5, var. carrizalensis,
142
F K - 7 8 . Row 2 , var.
atroviridis.
F K - 5 2 . Row 4 , var. huascensis,
FK-58.
FK-76
Kattermann: I Further s y n o n y m s of Eriosyce Horridocactus
andicola
curvispina
var. robustus
var.
Eriosyce
curvispina}
Ritter, Succulenta
1959(7): 9 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : Chile, 111 a pel, T i l a m a , T :
Hitter 4 6 8 d (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 19871. L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. 9 9 (illustration). 1142) Pyrrhocactus
andicola
Pyrrhocactus
grandiflorus
T: Ritter
var. robustus
I Ritter) Ritter, Succulenta 1959( 10): 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [ 1 4 3 ]
Ritter. Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 4 ) : 4 1 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, Santiago, Cerro R a m o n , 2 0 0 0 m,
4 6 9 (cited
at Z S S b u t not in
Eggli
1987». L e c t o t y p e
(designated
here): Ritter, I.e. 4 2
(illustration). [ 1 4 4 | Horridocactus Pyrrhocactus Ritter
grandiflorus
(Ritteri Backeberg. D i e Cact. 6: 3 7 9 6 (19621. 1145)
coliguayensis
Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 2 9 11980). T L : Chile, Valparaiso, C o l y g u a y , 1 9 6 7 , T :
1 4 3 9 ( U ) . [1461
Pyrrhocactus
pamaensis
Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 6 2 < 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile. C o m b a r b a l a , P a m a . 1 9 5 5 , T : Ritter
2 2 2 a ( U ) . 11471 1 0 b . E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a var. a c o n c a g u e n s i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n . supra, Pyrrhocactus
aconcaguensis
117. [148]
Ritter. Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 9 ) : 1 0 8 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile. Chacres, T : Ritter 5 4 2 (cited
at Z S S b u t not in Eggli 1987). L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. (illustration). 1149) Horridocactus Neoporteria
aconcaguensis curvispina
(Ritteri Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 1 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . [1501
var. aconcaguensis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit.: 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .
11511 lyrrhocactus
horridus
Pyrrhocactus Ritter
var. aconcaguensis
aconcaguensis
var. orientalis
(Ritteri Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 4 8 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . 11521 Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 9 ) : 1 0 9 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, S a n Felipe. T :
5 4 2 a (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ; not illustrated). 11531
Horridocactus Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus
aconcaguensis curvispina horridus
var. orientalis
f. orientalis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 2 7 9 1 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . [1541
(Ritteri Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . 1155)
var. orientalis
(Ritter) Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 4 9 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . ( 1 5 6 )
1 0 c . E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a var. a r m a t a (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
armatus
117. [ 1 5 7 |
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 9 ) : 4 9 ( I 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, near S a n t i a g o . T : Ritter
4 9 9 (ZSS).
1158] Horridocactus
armatus
Neoporteria
armata
Neoporteria
tuberisulcata
(Ritter) Backeberg. D i e C a c t . 6: 3 7 9 2 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . ] 1 5 9 ]
(Ritter) K r a i n z . K a t a l o g S S Z . ed. 2 . 8 6 ( 1 9 6 7 ) . [1601 var. armata
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 1 6 1 ]
! 0 d . E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a var. c h o a p e n s i s i Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
choapensis
1 1 7 . [1621
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 1 2 ) : 133 1 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, Illapel, 1 9 5 4 . T : Ritter 2 3 8 ( Z S S ) .
1163] Horridocactus Neoporteria
choapensis choapensis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 3 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . [ 1 6 4 ] (Ritter) D o n a l d & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [1651
lOe. E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a tuberisulcata
var. t u b e r i s u l c a t a
Echinocactus
iJacobi) K a t t e r m a n n . supra,
w a s established by publication of Neoporteria
Rowley (see 10c) and N. tuberisulcata tuberisulcatus
var. vegasana
Horrid(x-actus
tuberisulcatus tuberisulcatus
1 1 7 . < His.
var. armata
Priority for var.
(Ritter) D o n a l d &
Jacobi. Allg. G a r t e n z . 2 4 : 1 0 8 ( 1 8 5 6 ) . T L : Chile, Valparaiso, T : not extant or
illustrated. N e o t y p e (designated here): Kattermann Pyrrhoiactus
tuberisulcata
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley isee 10g). [ 1 6 6 ]
2 5 1 ( D B G ) . J167]
(Jacobi) Berger, K a k t e e n , 3 4 5 ( 1 9 2 9 ) . [1681 (Jacobi) Ito. Cacti, 8 0 ( 1 9 5 2 ) . [1691
I S y n o n y m s continued on page 1 4 6 ]
S E M P L A T E VII Rows 1 - 2 , Eriosyce lissocarpa. garaventae.
144
marksiana.
1, var. marksiana.
F K - 2 0 6 . Row 3 , E. aspillagae, F K - 1 0 2 . Row 5 . E. engleri,
Kattermann
FK-567.
F K - 2 0 3 . 2 , var. 1 9 7 . Row 4. E
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
Index of accepted taxa TAXON
Eriosyce aerocarpa E. andreaeana E. aspillagae E. aurata var. aurata var. spinibarbis E. bulbocalyx E. chilensis var. albidiflora var. chilensis E. confinis E. crispa s u b s p . atroviridis var. atroviridis var. carrizalensis var. huascensis var. totoralensis s u b s p . crispa E. curvispina var. aconcaguensis var. armata var. choapensis var. curvispina var. mutabilis var. robusta var. tuberisulcata E. engleri E. esmeraldana E. garaventae E. heinrichiana s u b s p . heinrichiana s u b s p . intermedia var. intermedia var. setosiflora s u b s p . simulans E. islayensis E. krausii E. kunzei var. kunzei var. transitensis E. laui E. limariensis E. marksiana var. gracilis var. lissocarpa var. marksiana
174
No.
25 6 16 1 la lb 3 29 29b 29a 13 14 14.2 14.2a 14.2c 14.2b 14.2d 14.1 10 10b 10c lOd 10a lOf lOg lOe 18 24 15 19 19.1 19.2 19.2a 19.2b 19.3 8 26 11 11a lib 28 12 17 17c 17b 17a
Page
98 89 73 30 31 31 34 102 102 102 64 66 68
68 69 68 69 66
60 51 54 54 51 54 54 54 78 97 69 79 79 82
82 82 82
42 99 62 62 63 120 63 76 76 76 76
TAXON
E. napina
No.
20 lembekei 20.2 var. lembekei 20.2a var. duripulpa 20.2b s u b s p . napina 20.1 E. occulta 23 E. odieri 21 s u b s p . fulva 21.3 s u b s p . glabrescens 21.2 s u b s p . odieri 21.1 var. odieri 21.1a var. monte-amargensis . 21.1b E. recondita 9 s u b s p . iquiquensis 9.2 s u b s p . recondita 9.1 E. rodentiophila 2 E. senilis 32 s u b s p . coimasensis 32.2 s u b s p . elquiensis 32.3 s u b s p . senilis 32.1 E. sociabilis 31 E. strausiana 4 var. pachacoensis 4b var. strausiana 4a E. subgibbosa 30 s u b s p . clavata 30.2 var. clavata 30.2a var. nigrihorrida 30.2b var. vallenarensis 30.2d var. wagenknechtii . . . . 30.2c s u b s p . subgibbosa 30.1 var. subgibbosa 30.1a var. castanea 30.1c var. litoralis 30.1b E. taltalensis 22 s u b s p . echinus 22.3 var. echinus 22.3a var. floccosa 22.3b s u b s p . paucicostata 22.2 s u b s p . pilispina 22.4 s u b s p . taltalensis 22.1 var. taltalensis 22.1a var. pygmaea 22.1b E. tenebrica 27 E. umadeave 5 E. villicumensis 7 E. villosa 33 subsp.
Page
82 83
83 83 83
97 89 90 90 89
89 89 47 48 47
32 112 113 113 113
112 34 38 38 103 106
106 107 107 107 106
106 106 106 90 91
91 94 91 94 91
91 91 99 38 40 116
Kattermann: IFurther s y n o n y m s of Eriosyce Neoporteria Cactus
tuberisulcata
horridus
curvispina
var.
Eriosyce
tuberisulcata]
(Jacob.* Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 (19661. | 1 7 0 j
Colla, M e m . Лес. Torin. 3 7 : 7 6 t . I 7 f . I ( M a y 1 8 3 3 , preprint; 1 8 3 4 ) , nom. i l l e g . ( A r t . 6 4 . 1 ) . T L :
"rupestribus maritimiR V a l p a r a i s o , 1830", L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Bertero Echinocactus
horridus
horridus Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
C . G a y , Fl. Chil. 3; 15 ( 1 8 4 8 ) . T L : Chile. Valparaiso. (His.
( Т О ) . Г171] nom. nov. for
Cactus
Colla. 11721 horridus horrida
( C . G a y ) Backeberg in Backeberg & K n u t h , K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 4 11935). [1731
( C . G a y ) D. H u n t , Bradleya 5: 9 3 ( 1 9 8 7 ) . [ 1 7 4 )
lOf, E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a var. m u t a b i l i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
horridus
var. mutabilis
117. [175]
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 4 6 11980). T L : Chile, Illapel, Los Vilos, T :
Hitter 2 2 3 b ( U ) . 11761 Pyrrhocactus
odoriflorus
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 : 1 1 6 ( I 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, Pichidangui, T : Ritter 4 7 0 (cited at
Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. (illustration). [1771 Neochilenia
odoriflora
Neoporteria
horrida
Pyrrhocactus
(Ritter) Backeberg. Die Cact. 6: 3 7 7 8 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . [ 1 7 8 ] var. odoriflora
horridus
var. minor
(Ritter) A . H o f f m a n n , Cact. Fl. Chil. 1 9 0 ( 1 9 8 9 ) . [ 1 7 9 ] Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3: 9 4 6 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . invalid (Art. 3 6 . 1 ) . T L : Based on
material from M o l l e s - P i c h i d a n g u i , Ritter 2 2 3 a . 11801 IOg. E r i o s y c e c u r v i s p i n a var. r o b u s t a (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
robustus
1987). O b s . : Not the s a m e a s P. andicola Horridocactus
117. [181]
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 : 6 5 ( I 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, Ocoa, T : Ritter
robustus
var. robustus
2 3 9 a ( Z S S ; see Eggli
(Ritter) Ritter. 1 1 8 2 ]
Ritter, W i n t e r C a t . 1 9 6 2 unpag. ( 1 9 6 2 ) , invalid ( A r t s 3 6 . 1 , 3 7 . 1 ) ; Ito, Cact., 4 1 6
( 1 9 8 1 ) , invalid (Art. 3 3 . 2 ) . [ 1 8 3 ] Pyrrhocactus Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
horridus
var. robustus
robustus
var. vegasanus
(Ritter) Ritter, Kakt. S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 4 7 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . [ 1 8 4 ] Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 6 0 ( 6 ) : 6 5 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, Quillota, L a s V e g a s ,
2 3 9 ( Z S S ; see Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . 11851
T : Ritter
tuberisulcata
var. vegasana
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 1 1 9 6 6 ) . 11861
N a m e s of doubtful application, possibly referable to ERIOSYCE Echinocactus
ceratistes
CURVISPINA:
Otto e x Pfeiffer, E n u m . Cact., 5 1 ( 1 8 3 7 ) . T L : Chile, Bellavista, T : not designated.
[1871 Echinmactus
centeterius
L e h m a n n ex Pfeiffer, E n u m . Cact., 6 5 ( 1 8 3 7 ) . T L : [Brazil. M i n a s G e r a i s (in error;
see fig. in Pfeiffer & Otto; the plant appears to be an Eriosyce]. Gymnocalycium Pyrrhocactus Uebelmannia Neoporteria Echimx-actus
centeterium centeteria
centeteria
( L e h m a n n ex Pfeiffer) Schnabel, K a k t . a n d . S u k k . 2 2 : 164 ( 1 9 7 1 ) . [ 1 9 1 ] ( L e h m a n n ex Pfeiffer) Rowley, Excelsa 12: 3 9 ( 1 9 8 6 ) . [ 1 9 2 ]
mammillarioides
Mackie, T : Hitchin Malactxrarpus Pyrrhocactus Echinocactus
[188]
( L e h m a n n ex Pfeiffer) H o s s e u s , A p u n t c s Cact., 2 2 11926). 1189]
( L e h m a n n ex Pfeiffer) Berger, K a k t e e n , 3 4 5 ( 1 9 2 9 ) . 11901
centeterius
Hooker. Bot. M a g . 6 4 : t. 3 5 5 8 ( 1 8 3 7 ) . T L : Chile, without l o c , cult. hort.
s.n. (not preserved?!. L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Bot. M a g . t. 3 5 5 8 . [ 1 9 3 1
mammillarioides mammillarioides superlextus
(Hooker) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3: 2 0 3 ( 1 9 2 2 ) . [ 1 9 4 ] (Hookeri Backeherg in Backeberg & K n u t h , K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 3 ( 1 9 3 5 ) . [ 1 9 5 ]
Pfeiffer. Abbild. Cact. 2(3): s u b t.
14 ( 1 8 4 7 ) . T L : Chile, A c o n c a g u a . T : not
designated. 1196] Echinocactus
soehrensii
S c h u m a n n , M o n a t s s c h r . K a k t . - K u n d e 1 1 : 7 5 ( 1 9 0 1 ) . T L : Chile. Valparaiso, without
collector's name. L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Illustration, S c h u m a n n I.e. 7 3 . [1971 Echinix-actus
frix'hlichianus
date, T : Sohrens Chileocactus Pyrrhocactus HUdmannia Horridocactus
S c h u m a n n , G e s a m t b . Nachtr., 124 ( 1 9 0 3 ) . T L : Chile, without further data or
s.n. ( B , destroyed). [ 1 9 8 ]
froehlichianus froehlichianus froehluhiana froehlichianus
( S c h u m a n n ) Kreuzinger, Verzeichnis, 3 9 ( 1 9 3 5 ) , invalid (Art. 4 3 ) . 1 1 9 9 | ( S c h u m a n n ) Backeberg in Backeberg & K n u t h , K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 2 1 1 9 3 5 ) . 1200 ( S c h u m a n n ) K r e u z i n g e r & Buining, Feddes Repert. 5 0 : 2 0 6 ( 1 9 4 1 ) . [ 2 0 1 ] ( S c h u m a n n ) Backeberg, Die Cact. 3: 1 8 3 9 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [ 2 0 2 ]
fFurther n a m e s of doubtful application on page 1 4 8 ]
146
S E M P L A T E VTII Rows 1 - 4 , Eriosyce setosiflora,
heinrichiana:
1, subsp. heinrichiana.
F K - 1 1 . 4, subsp. simulans,
F K - 4 6 5 . 2 , subsp. intermedia.
F K - 4 7 3 . 3 , var.
FK-82.
147
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
I Further n a m e s of doubtful application, possibly referable to Eriosyce Neoporteria
tuberisulcata
var. froehliekiana
curvispina\
( S c h u m a n n ! Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8
(1966). [203] Horridocactus
kesselringianus
Dab., K a k t e e n k u n d e 1942( 1): 5 ( 1 9 4 2 ) . T L : Cult. hart. bot. D a r m s t a d t , without
d a t a (illustrated I.e.). ( 2 0 4 ] Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria
kesselringiana
(Dolz) Hutchison, Cact. Succ. J. ( U S ) 2 7 : 1 8 3 ( 1 9 5 5 ) . [ 2 0 5 ]
kesselringianus curvispina
(Dolz) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [ 2 0 6 ]
var. kesselringiana
( D o l z ) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .
[2071 1 1 a . E r i o s y c e k u n z e i (Fiirster) K a t t e r m a n n . supra, Echinocactus
kunzei
1 1 8 . |var. k u n z e i ] ( 2 0 8 ]
Forster, H a n d b . Cact., 2 9 3 ( 1 8 4 5 ) . T L : Chile, a t high altitudes; not e x t a n t or illustrated.
N e o t y p e : designated
here): Kattermann
4 5 9 ( D B G ) . O b s . : Originally spelt kunzii,
but this is not
acceptable as a n intentional Latinization of K u n z e . [ 2 0 9 ] Neoporteria lyrrhocactus Chilenia
kunzei kunzei
kunzei
Neochilenia
(Forster) Backeberg in Backeberg & K n u t h , K a k t u s - A B C , 2 6 0 ( 1 9 3 5 ) . [ 2 1 0 ]
Horridocactus
(Forster) Borg, Cacti, 2 6 2 ( 1 9 3 7 ) . ( 2 1 1 ]
(Forster) Backeberg, K a k t e e n k u n d e 1939: 8 2 ( 1 9 3 9 ) . | 2 1 2 1
kunzei
(Forster) Backeberg, F e d d e s Repert. 5 1 : 6 0 ( 1 9 4 2 ) . | 2 1 3 |
eriosyzoides
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 : 4 9 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : Chile, H u a n t a | G u a n t a | , Ritter 4 8 4 (cited
at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. 5 0 (illustration). ( 2 1 4 ] Pyrrhocactus
eriosyzoides
(Ritter) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 0 ) : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . | 2 1 5 ]
Neochilenia
eriosyzoides
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 7 7 ( 1 9 6 2 1 . | 2 1 6 |
Neoporteria
eriosyzoides
(Ritteri Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [2171
Pyrrhocactus
vallenarensis
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 2 ) : 1 5 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : N C h i l e . V i c u n a , T : Ritter 4 8 6 < cited
at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. (illustration). [ 2 1 8 ] Horridocactus Neoporteria
vallenarensis curvispina
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 8 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . 12191
var. vallenarensis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) .
[220] l i b . E r i o s y c e k u n z e i var t r a n s i t e n s i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n . supra, Pyrrhocactus
transitensis
118.12211
Ritter, T a x o n 12: 3 3 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . T L : N C h i l e , road to T r a n s i t o , T : Ritter 4 8 5 ( U ) . [ 2 2 2 ]
Neochilenia
transitensis
(Ritteri Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3 : 10 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . [ 2 2 3 ]
Neoporteria
transitensis
(Ritter) F e r r y m a n in P r e s t o n - M a f h a m , Cact. 111. Diet., 1 4 9 ( 1 9 9 1 ) . [ 2 2 4 ]
N a m e s of doubtful application, possibly referable to ERIOSYCE Echinocactus
geissei
KUNZEI:
P o s e l g e r e x S c h u m a n n , G e s a m t b . K a k t . , 4 0 6 ( 1 8 9 8 ) . T L : C h i l e or Bolivia, neither extant
nor illustrated. O b s . : T h e description most closely fits plants collected at the upper Rio M o l l e s . 8 5 0 0 ft ( F K ) . [2251 Horridocactus Echinocactus
geissei geissei
(Poselger ex S c h u m a n n ) Dolz, Feddes Repert. 5 1 : 61 ( 1 9 4 2 ) . 12261 var. albicans
S c h u m a n n , G e s a m t b . K a k t . , 4 0 6 ( 1 8 9 8 ) . T L : N o t e x t a n t nor illustrated.
12271 Echinocactus
nidus Sohrens ex S c h u m a n n , M o n a t s s c h r . K a k t . - K u n d e 10: 1 2 2 ( 1 9 0 0 ) . T L : Chile. L e c t o t y p e
(designated here): Illustration, I.e. 1 2 3 . [ 2 2 8 ] Neoporteria
nidus
iSohrens ex S c h u m a n n ) Britton & Rose, C a c t . 3: 9 4 ( 1 9 2 2 ) . O b s . : B. & R.'s description
combines E. senilis Chilenia
nidus
4 3 . 1 ) . (2301
148
Philippi and E. nidus
Sohrens ex S c h u m a n n . 12291
(Sohrens) Backeberg, Blatt. Kakteenf. 1 9 3 8 ( 3 ) A n h a n g 13: [unpaged] 11938), invalid
(Art.
S E M P L A T E IX Rows 1 - 4 , Eriosyce
odieri.
F K - 5 2 9 . 4, subsp. glabrescens.
1, subsp. odieri.
F K - 8 0 2 . 2 , var. monte-amargensis.
F K - 5 2 2 . 3 , subsp.
fulva.
FK-53.
148
Kattermann: 1 2 . E r i o s y c e l i m a r i e n s i s (Ritter) K a t l c r m a n n . supra, Pyrrhocactus Ritter
limariensis
Eriosyce 1 1 8 . [2311
Ritter, K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3: 9 5 6 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, Fray Jorge, V i a P a n a m e r i c a n a , T :
222b iV\. 1 2 3 2 !
Neoporteria Horridocactus
limariensis
(Ritter) F e r r y m a n in Preston-.Mafham, Cact. 111. Diet., 144 ( 1 9 9 1 ) . [ 2 3 3 ]
andicola
var. mollensis
Ritter, Succulenta 1959(7): 9 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : O v a l l e , Molles, Ritter 4 6 8 e
(cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 : not illustrated). [ 2 3 4 ] Pyrrhocactus
andicola
var. mollensis
(Ritter) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 0 ) : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [2351
N a m e s of doubtful application, possibly referable to ERIOSYCE Echinopsis Chilenia
nigricans nigricans
Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria Echinocactus
LIMARIENSIS:
Linke, Allg. G a r t e n z . 2 5 : 2 3 9 ( 1 8 5 7 ) . T L : Chile; neither extant nor illustrated. [2361
( L i n k e ) Backeberg, K a k t e e n k u n d e 1 9 3 9 : 8 2 < 1939). [ 2 3 7 ]
nigricans
( L i n k e ) Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 : 1 3 1 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . 1238)
tuberisulcata
var. nigricans
nigricans
( L i n k e ) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . 12391
A . Dietrich ex S c h u m a n n , G e s a m t b . K a k t . , 4 2 0 ( 1 8 9 8 ) ; S c h u m a n n , B l u h e n d e K a k l .
1: t. 4 5 ( 1 9 0 3 ) . T L : C h i l e or Bolivia; not e x t a n t or illustrated. O b s . : It is not clear if this n a m e w a s b a s e d on the s a m e type a s that of Echinopsis
nigricans,
but the descriptions correspond. N e o t y p e (designated
here): S c h u m a n n , I.e.. t. 4 5 ( 1 9 0 3 ) . [2401 Horridocactus Neoporteria
nigricans nigricans
(A. Dietrich ex S c h u m a n n ) Backeberg & Dolz, Feddes Repert. 5 1 : 6 1 11942). Г2411
( A . Dietrich ex S c h u m a n n ) Britton & Rose, Cact. 3 : 9 5 ( 1 9 2 2 ) . [ 2 4 2 |
13. E r i o s y c e c o n f i n i s I Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
confinis
Ritter, Succulenta
118. 1243]
1961(1): 4 ( 1 9 6 1 ) . T L : N Chile, near Copiap6, M o n t e A m a r g o , T :
Ritter 4 9 4 ( U ) . [ 2 4 4 ] . Neochilenia
confinis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 9 11963). [ 2 4 5 ]
Neoporteria
confinis
I Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . 12461
1 4 . 1 . E r i o s y c e c r i s p a (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra. Pyrrhocactus
crispus
1 1 8 | s u b s p . c r i s p a J. [ 2 4 7 ]
Ritter, Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( Ш : 1 3 7 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . T L : N Chile, Freirina. T : Ritter
4 9 1 (cited at
Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter. I.e. 1 3 8 (illustration). | 2 4 8 | Horridocactus
crispus
(Ritter) Backeberg. Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 5 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . | 2 4 9 |
Neoporteria
crispa
Neochilenia
nigriscaparia
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 5 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [2501 Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 8 4 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . invalid (Art. 3 7 . 1 ) . T L : C h i l e (living plant?).
[251]
1 4 . 2 a . E r i o s y c e c r i s p a subsp. and var. a t r o v i r i d i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhxractus
atroviridis
1 1 8 . [2521
Ritter, Succulenta 1960(8): 8 9 ( I 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile, c. 3 0 k m N W of V a l l e n a r , T : Ritter
4 7 5 (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ) . L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter, I.e. 9 0 (illustration). [ 2 5 3 ] Horridocactus
atroviridis
Neoporteria
atroviridis
Neoporteria
tuberisulcata
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 3 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . [ 2 5 4 ]
(Ritter) F e r r y m a n in P r e s t o n - M a f h a m , Cact. III. Diet., 1 4 0 ( 1 9 9 1 ) . [ 2 5 5 ] var. atroviridis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 (1966>.
1256] 1 4 . 2 b . E r i o s y c e c r i s p a var. h u a s c e n s i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
huascensis
118. I 2-571
Ritter. Succulenta 1961(6): 5 7 ( 1 9 6 1 ) . T L : Chile. H u a s c o . T : Ritter
260 (U). |258]
Neochilenia
huascensis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 9 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . 12591
Neoporteria
huascensis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 2 6 0 ]
1 4 . 2 c . E r i o s y c e c r i s p a var. c a r r i z a l e n s i s (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrh<xactus
carrizalensis
1 1 8 . [2611
Ritter, T a x o n 12: 3 3 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . T L : N Chile, prov. A t a c a m a , W of Carrizal Alto. T :
Ritter 4 9 3 ( U ) . [ 2 6 2 ] Horridocactus
carrizalensis
Neoporteria
carrizalensis
Neoporteria
totoralensis
[265|
150
(Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3 : 7 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . [ 2 6 3 ] (Ritter) A . E . H o f f m a n n , Cact. Chile, 1 7 8 ( 1 9 8 9 ) , incorrect n a m e (Art. 5 7 ) . [ 2 6 4 ]
var. carrizalensis
(Ritter) F e r r y m a n m l Y e s t o n - M a f h a m , Cact. 111. Diet., 1 4 9 ( 1 9 9 1 fl
SEM Р1ЛТЕ X Rows 1 - 3 , Eriosyce
napina.
1, subsp. napina.
Kattermann
7 5 . 2 , var. lembekei,
F K - 7 7 , 3 , var.
duripulpa.
FK-398.
151
Kattermann:
Eriosyce
1 4 . 2 d . E r i o s y c e c r i s p a var. t o t o r a J e n s i s (Ritteri K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
totoralensis
Ritter. Succulenta
118. | 2 6 6 ]
1961112): 131 ( 1 9 6 1 ) . T L : Chile, prov. A t a c a m a . Totoral Bajo,
1 9 5 6 . T : Hitter 4 9 5 ( C l . 1 2 6 7 ] Neochilenia
totoralensis
(Ritter) Backeberg, Descr. Cact. N o v . 3: 10 ( 1 9 6 3 ) . 12681
Neoporteria
totoralensis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . 12691
1 5 . E r i o s y c e g a r a v e n t a e iRitter) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Horridocactus
garaventae
118. [270J
Ritter, Succulenta 1959(4): 4 1 ( 1 9 5 9 ) (as 'garaventai').
T L : Chile Meridional, Cerro
de la С а т р а п а , T : Hitter 4 6 7 (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 19871. L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter. I.e. 4 2 (illustration). [2711 Pyrrhocactus Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus
garaventae
(Ritter) Ritter. Succulenta 1 9 5 9 ( 1 0 ) : 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . | 2 7 2 ]
garaventae
(Ritteri F e r r y m a n in P r e s t o n - M a f h a m . Cact. III. Diet., 1 4 3 ( 1 9 9 1 ) . [2731
subaianus
Backeberg, Die Cact. 3: 1 5 7 5 ( 1 9 5 9 ) , invalid (Art. 9 . 5 . 3 7 . 1 ) . T L : Based on [livingl
pi. from Cerro de la C a m p a n a , 2 0 0 0 m, coll. Krauw. [ 2 7 4 ] Neoporteria
subaiana
(Backeberg) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 8 ( 1 9 6 6 ) , invalid. [ 2 7 5 ]
1 6 . E r i o s y c e a s p i l l a g a e ( S o h r e n s ) K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Echinocactus
aspillagae
118. (2761
S o h r e n s . M o n a t s s c h r . D e u t s c h e K a k t . - G e s . 1: 1 2 5 ( 1 9 2 9 ) las aspillagai').
T L : Chile.
Hacienda T a n u m e , 30"S, not extant. L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Sohrens, I.e. 127 (illustration). [ 2 7 7 ] Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus
aspdlagae
( S o h r e n s ) Backeberg in Backeberg & K n u t h , K a k t u s - A B C . 2 5 9 ( 1 9 3 5 ) . [ 2 7 8 ]
aspillagae
( S o h r e n s ) Ritter, Succulenta 1959* 10): 131 ( 1 9 5 9 ) . [ 2 7 9 ]
1 7 a . E r i o s y c e m a r k s i a n a (Ritter) K a t t e r m a n n . supra. Pyrrhocactus
marksianus
1 1 8 [var. m a r k s i a n a ] . [ 2 8 0 |
Ritter, Succulenta 1960( 1): 2 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : C h i l e merid., Villa Prat, S W from Curico,
T : Ritter 2 3 4 ( Z S S ) . [2811 Horridocactus Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus
marksianus marksiana
(Ritter) Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 7 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . | 2 8 2 ]
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley, Cact. Succ. J. G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 2 8 3 [
marksianus
var. tunensis
Ritter, Succulenta
1960(1): 2 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : Chile merid.. T u n a , S a n
Fernando, T : Hitter 2 3 4 a (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1 9 8 7 ; not illustrated). [ 2 8 4 ] Neoporteria
marksiana
var. tunensis
(Ritter) Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. -). G r . Brit. 2 8 : 5 7 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . | 2 8 5 ]
1 7 b . E r i o s y c e m a r k s i a n a var. l i s s o c a r p a (Ritteri K a t t e r m a n n , supra, Pyrrhocactus
lissocarpus
118. | 2 8 6 ]
Ritter. Succulenta 196(X2): 17 ( 1 9 6 0 ) . T L : C h i l e merid., C o q u e n a , 3 4 ' 1 5 ' S , T : Ritter
4 6 6 (cited at Z S S but not in Eggli 1987). L e c t o t y p e (designated here): Ritter. I.e. 18 (illustration). [2871 Horridocactus Neoporteria Pyrrhocactus
lissocarpus curvispina
(Ritter) Backeberg. Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 6 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . 1288]
var. lissocarpa
truncatipetalus
7 5 0 m. 1 9 6 8 , T : Ritter
(Ritteri Donald & Rowley. Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 2 8 : 5 6 ( 1 9 6 6 ) . [ 2 8 9 ]
Ritter. K a k t . S u d a m e r . 3 : 9 8 0 ( 1 9 8 0 ) . T L : Chile, S a n Fernando. RioTinguiririca. 1 4 4 8 ( U ) . (2901
1 7 c . E r i o s y c e m a r k s i a n a var. g r a c i l i s (Ritteri K a t t e r m a n n . supra. Pyrrhocactus
lissocarpus
var. gracilis
de M o s t a z a l , 34"S, T : Ritter
118. [2911
Ritter, Succulenta 196042): 17 ( I 9 6 0 » . T L : Chile. W of S a n Francisco
4 6 6 a loc. 1 (L*, holo.. seed only; S G O , iso.. fragment of ftowerl. P a r a t y p e :
Coliguay. F R 4 6 6 a loc. 2 ( S G O . f r a g m e n t of plant). | 2 9 2 ] Horridocactus
lissocarpus
var. gracilis
(Ritteri Backeberg, Die Cact. 6: 3 7 9 7 ( 1 9 6 2 ) . 12931
SEM PLATE XI Rows 1 - 5 , Eriosy