Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III

viii Contents Contents ix 2 Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III Radionuclide Accumulation at a Hydroelect...

Author: Peter Warwick | Peter Warwick

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viii

Contents

Contents

ix

2

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III

Radionuclide Accumulation at a Hydroelectric Power Dam

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9

Determination of the Transfer of Tritium

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Technetium-99 (99Tc) in Marine Food Webs in Norwegian Seas

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Technetium-99 (99Tc) in Marine Food Webs in Norwegian Seas

23

Measuring Thoron (220Rn) in Natural Waters

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The Determination of Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Activity in Solids, Filters and Water

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Environmental Measurements of Radioxenon

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Uptake of Uranium by Spinach Grown in Andosols

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Mineralogical and Particle Size Controls on 137Cs Abundances in Dounreay

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Assessment of Possible Sources of Artificial Long-Lived Radionuclides

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A Rapid Method for the Preconcentration of Non-Refractory Am and Pu

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Improvements in Underground Gamma-Ray Spectrometry

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Responses of U and Pu to Microbially Driven Nitrate Reduction in Sediments

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Responses of U and Pu to Microbially Driven Nitrate Reduction in Sediments

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70

600

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500

50

400

40 300 30 200

20

Water

Temperature

% Recovery

An Efficient and Optimised Total Combustion Method for Total H-3 and C-14

Glutamic Leucine Thymidine Tyrosine Uridine

100

10 0 0

50

100 Time (min)

150

0 200

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The Analytical Impact on Tritium Data from Storing Nuclear Decommissioning Samples

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Radionuclide Recording Levels and Prioritisation of Chemical Radiochemical Analyses

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Application of the Radiological Hazard Potential (RHP)

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Determination of Tritium Radionuclide and Lithium Precursor in Magnox Reactor Steels

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Sequential Determination of Ca-41/45 and Sr-90 in an Activated Concrete Core

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The Chemistry of Ultra-Radiopure Materials

Lead shielding Internal airspace Germanium Cu “Can” Cu Coldfinger Cu “Crossarm”

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N2 sparge gas flow control Radium & particulate filtration and chemical scavenge Inner bath containment & Cu bus Cu sulfate bath with cover gas, mandrel, current Programmable power supply

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Independent Radiological Monitoring; Results of a Recent Intercomparison Exercise

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Routine Application of CN2003 Software to Laboratory Liquid Scintillation Calibration

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Easy Method of Concentration of Strontium Isotopes from Radioactive Aqueous Wastes

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Performance of a Portable, Electromechanically-Cooled HPGe Detector

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Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Research and Development Needs

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a view to sharing the ‘NDA R&D needs, risks and opportunities’ across the entire technical supply chain. 2 KEY FINDINGS OF THE LCBL 2005 REVIEW A top down review of our overall technology needs, risks and opportunities has identified common key issues. Key issues identified: 2.1 Balance of R&D programmes Owing to the mature nature of the industry, the vast majority of R&D development activities are integrated directly with on-plant deployment projects and therefore solution driven in their application. Judgements are therefore made about the degree to which remaining knowledge gaps need to be filled or whether the proposed solution is sufficiently robust to deal with the remaining uncertainties. Given the need to accelerate cleanup programmes in line with the NDA’s mission, NDA fully support this approach but recognise the importance of maintaining an appropriate level of underpinning scientific knowledge of the applied processes. In addition NDA will continue to monitor activities to maintain the adequate skills to support the clean-up projects.

Knowledge -gaps

Knowledge -gaps

Reliable technical Reliable options

technical options

2.2 NDA R&D requirements The analysis of the full life cycle of existing liabilities overlaid with the need to deliver the NDA’s mission yields significant R&D challenges. NDA expect an increase in R&D investment from the SLCs over the next ten years, if delivery is to be assured. We will be monitoring the developing R&D programmes to ensure the activities are being undertaken in line with the delivery of the NDA strategy. We do however expect that confidence in the technology development activities will grow as the programme of clean-up activities accelerates. For this first review, the LCBL plans (quite correctly) did not take account of the proposed acceleration of reactor decommissioning and this is likely to add to the R&D challenges over the next few years.

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2.3 Underpinning science Although most of the R&D activities are focused to support clean-up projects, NDA recognises that these rely upon a strong underlying science base. If clean-up is to be successful it is important to develop the science base as new challenges emerge. To support this, our aim is to stimulate the academic sector to help meet our science needs. In collaboration with Nexia Solutions, NDA are supporting a series of University Research Alliances (URA) to develop and maintain a network of basic science capability and skills to achieve the short and long-term aims of our mission. Furthermore, the NDA has supported student bursaries, where additional funding has been made available to support PhD projects aligned to the NDA needs, risks and opportunities. Nine awards were made in 06. The four University Research Alliances are: Radiochemistry – University of Manchester Particle Science – University of Leeds Waste Immobilisation – University of Sheffield Materials – University of Manchester These URA’s and a series of smaller University contracts provide a range of underpinning science support to the NDA mission. Also, graduates from PhD programmes are providing an influx of new talent into the decommissioning supply chain. 2.4 Best practice The LCBL programmes are compiled individually by each site from a ‘grass-roots’ assessment of the needs of each project, culminating in an overall site plan. This often leads to unique technology solutions bespoke to the project plan for the site. As a result, NDA are encouraging a more integrated approach where sites share proven technology solutions for everyone’s benefit and so avoid the cost of bespoke solutions where possible. NDA also fully support the application of proven technology solutions from non-nuclear fields within the nuclear industry.

Solve problems problems once once for an individual individual site site Solve for an

Generic Generic R&D R&D

+ + Solve problems problems once all sites sites Solve once for for all

(addressing long-term as well as short-term issues) (addressing long-term as well as short-term issues)

Additionally, international experience in terms of proven technology capability should be considered further. A number of nations have had substantial clean-up programmes over the previous two decades, with proven delivery capability. As improvements in the supply chain management take place within the competitive clean-up market, more proven technology options will be proposed, requiring minimal development activities.


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The Performance of UK and Overseas Laboratories in Proficiency Tests

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The Performance of UK and Overseas Laboratories in Proficiency Tests 100

Deviation (%)

50

0

-50

-100

100

Deviation (%)

50

0

-50

-100

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Deviation (%)

40

0

-40

Deviation (%)

40

0

-40

The Performance of UK and Overseas Laboratories in Proficiency Tests

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Current IAEA Activities and Future Plans for the Almera Network

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Isotope Index

220

Subject Index

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III

Analysis III

Analysis III

Environmental Engineering III

Analysis III

Analysis III

Environmental Analysis

Rapid Radiochemical Separations

Analysis III (v. 3)

Analysis I III 001

Analysis III (v. 3)

Complex Analysis III

Analysis III (v. 3)

Introduction to environmental analysis

Chemometrics in Environmental Analysis

Practical Environmental Analysis

Environmental Risk Analysis

Food and Environmental Analysis

Introduction to Environmental Analysis

Practical Environmental Analysis

Environmental Radiochecmical Analysis II

Treatise on Analysis, Vol. III

Complex analysis III (course notes)

Infinite dimensional harmonic analysis III

Environmental Economics and Investment Assessment III

Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook

Geospatial Analysis of Environmental Health

Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis

Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis

Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis

Environmental Data Analysis with MatLab

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis III

Analysis III

Analysis III

Environmental Engineering III

Analysis III

Analysis III

Environmental Analysis

Rapid Radiochemical Separations

Analysis III (v. 3)

Analysis I III 001

Analysis III (v. 3)

Complex Analysis III

Analysis III (v. 3)

Introduction to environmental analysis

Chemometrics in Environmental Analysis

Practical Environmental Analysis

Environmental Risk Analysis

Food and Environmental Analysis

Introduction to Environmental Analysis

Practical Environmental Analysis

Environmental Radiochecmical Analysis II

Treatise on Analysis, Vol. III

Complex analysis III (course notes)

Infinite dimensional harmonic analysis III

Environmental Economics and Investment Assessment III

Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook

Geospatial Analysis of Environmental Health

Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis

Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis

Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis

Environmental Data Analysis with MatLab

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