Energy Prices and Taxes, Volume 2011 Issue 2

IEA

STATISTICS

2011 ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES QUARTERLY STATISTICS S ECO N D Q UARTE R 2 011

International Energy Agency

2011 ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES QUARTERLY STATISTICS S ECO N D Q UARTE R 2 011

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 28 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives: n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders.

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The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES 2nd Quarter 2011 - iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................vii

Recent Energy Price Developments and Summary Data Spot prices .........................................................................................................................................................................xi Import costs .................................................................................................................................................................... xiii End-use price indices ....................................................................................................................................................... xvi Taxes and duties .............................................................................................................................................................xxii

Part I: Import and Export Costs and Indices; Trade Regulations and Duties General note on definitions, methods and sources ............................................................................................................. 2 Crude oil spot prices ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Marine bunker spot prices .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Oil product spot prices........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Crude oil import costs - in USD/barrel.......................................................................................................................................................... 8 - by type of crude in USD/barrel ............................................................................................................................. 10 Natural gas import costs - natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu .............................................................................. 14 - natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu .......................................................... 16 - LNG import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu ..................................................................................................... 18 - LNG import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu ................................................................................. 20 - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea in USD/MBtu ...................................................................................... 22 - LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States in USD/MBtu ............................................................ 24 - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea in national currency/MBtu .................................................................. 26 Steam coal import costs - by importing country in USD/tonne ..................................................................................................................... 28 - EU Member States - import costs in USD/tonne and shares in imports from non EU countries .......................... 29 - Japan - import costs in USD/tonne and shares in imports by origin ..................................................................... 30 Coking coal import costs - by importing country in USD/tonne ..................................................................................................................... 31 - EU Member States - import costs in USD/tonne shares in imports from non-EU countries ................................ 32 - Japan - import costs in USD/tonne and shares in imports by origin ..................................................................... 33 Steam coal and coking coal export prices - steam coal and coking coal export prices ............................................................................................................. 34 - Australian steam coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne ........................................................................ 35 - US steam coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne ................................................................................... 36 - Australian coking coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne ...................................................................... 37 - US coking coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne .................................................................................. 38 Notes on definitions and regulations - for oil imports ....................................................................................................................................................... 39 - for natural gas ....................................................................................................................................................... 41 - for coal trade ......................................................................................................................................................... 42

Part II: Energy End-Use Prices in OECD Countries General note on definitions, methods and sources ........................................................................................................... 46 A. Indices Indices of real energy prices for end-users ............................................................................................................. 56 Indices of nominal energy prices for end-users ...................................................................................................... 63 Consumer price index ............................................................................................................................................. 70

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Producer price index ............................................................................................................................................... 71 CPI energy .............................................................................................................................................................. 72 B. Energy end-use prices, taxes and price indices in national currencies Australia .................................................................................................................................................................. 74 Austria..................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Belgium................................................................................................................................................................... 89 Canada .................................................................................................................................................................... 96 Chile ...................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Czech Republic ..................................................................................................................................................... 107 Denmark ............................................................................................................................................................... 115 Estonia .................................................................................................................................................................. 124 Finland .................................................................................................................................................................. 129 France ................................................................................................................................................................... 138 Germany ............................................................................................................................................................... 147 Greece ................................................................................................................................................................... 156 Hungary ................................................................................................................................................................ 163 Ireland ................................................................................................................................................................... 169 Israel ..................................................................................................................................................................... 176 Italy ....................................................................................................................................................................... 181 Japan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 189 Korea..................................................................................................................................................................... 196 Luxembourg .......................................................................................................................................................... 202 Mexico .................................................................................................................................................................. 209 Netherlands ........................................................................................................................................................... 214 New Zealand ......................................................................................................................................................... 223 Norway ................................................................................................................................................................. 231 Poland ................................................................................................................................................................... 239 Portugal ................................................................................................................................................................. 247 Slovak Republic .................................................................................................................................................... 254 Slovenia ................................................................................................................................................................ 260 Spain ..................................................................................................................................................................... 265 Sweden .................................................................................................................................................................. 273 Switzerland ........................................................................................................................................................... 283 Turkey ................................................................................................................................................................... 292 United Kingdom ................................................................................................................................................... 299 United States ......................................................................................................................................................... 307 C. Taxation of energy prices Percentage of taxes in end-use prices - for heavy fuel oil................................................................................................................................................ 316 - for light fuel oil .................................................................................................................................................. 319 - for automotive diesel ......................................................................................................................................... 321 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 323 - for automotive LPG ........................................................................................................................................... 327 - for natural gas .................................................................................................................................................... 329 - for steam coal..................................................................................................................................................... 332 - for electricity ..................................................................................................................................................... 333 Indices of real tax component in end-use prices - for automotive diesel ......................................................................................................................................... 335 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 337 D. Energy end-use prices in USD/unit converted using USD exchange rates in national currencies - USD exchange rates in national currencies ....................................................................................................... 342 - for heavy fuel oil................................................................................................................................................ 343 - for light fuel oil .................................................................................................................................................. 346 - for automotive diesel ......................................................................................................................................... 348 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 350 - for automotive LPG ........................................................................................................................................... 354 - for natural gas .................................................................................................................................................... 356

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- for coal ............................................................................................................................................................... 359 - for electricity .................................................................................................................................................... 362 E. Energy end-use prices in USD/toe converted using exchange rates - for heavy fuel oil ............................................................................................................................................... 366 - for light fuel oil .................................................................................................................................................. 369 - for automotive diesel ........................................................................................................................................ 371 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 373 - for natural gas .................................................................................................................................................... 377 - for coal ............................................................................................................................................................... 380 - for electricity .................................................................................................................................................... 383 F. Energy end-use prices in USD/unit converted using purchasing power parities - purchasing power parities .................................................................................................................................. 386 - for heavy fuel oil ............................................................................................................................................... 387 - for light fuel oil .................................................................................................................................................. 390 - for automotive diesel ........................................................................................................................................ 392 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 394 - for automotive LPG ........................................................................................................................................... 398 - for natural gas .................................................................................................................................................... 400 - for coal ............................................................................................................................................................... 403 - for electricity ..................................................................................................................................................... 406

Part III: Energy End-Use Prices in Non-OECD Countries A. Energy end-use prices, taxes and price indices in national currencies Bulgaria ................................................................................................................................................................ 412 China, People’s Republic of ................................................................................................................................ 416 Chinese Taipei ...................................................................................................................................................... 420 Croatia................................................................................................................................................................... 426 Cyprus ................................................................................................................................................................... 430 Ghana .................................................................................................................................................................... 435 India ...................................................................................................................................................................... 437 Indonesia ............................................................................................................................................................... 444 Kazakhstan ............................................................................................................................................................ 446 Latvia .................................................................................................................................................................... 451 Lithuania ............................................................................................................................................................... 455 Malta ..................................................................................................................................................................... 459 Romania ................................................................................................................................................................ 463 Russian Federation ................................................................................................................................................ 469 Singapore .............................................................................................................................................................. 475 South Africa .......................................................................................................................................................... 477 Thailand ................................................................................................................................................................ 483 B. Energy end-use prices in USD General notes on sources and methods ................................................................................................................. 488 USD exchange rates in national currencies ........................................................................................................... 490 End-use prices in USD/unit - for heavy fuel oil................................................................................................................................................ 491 - for light fuel oil .................................................................................................................................................. 493 - for automotive diesel ......................................................................................................................................... 495 - for gasoline ........................................................................................................................................................ 497 - for natural gas .................................................................................................................................................... 500 - for coal ............................................................................................................................................................... 503 - for electricity ..................................................................................................................................................... 506

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ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS USED IN THE TABLES AND NOTES bbl: barrel Btu: British thermal unit CHP: combined heat and power CIF: Cost insurance freight cst: centistokes EU Member States: EU-27 starting in January 2007. EU-25 from May 2004 to December 2006. EU-15 prior to May 2004. Regional averages include only those countries where information is available for that quarter and year. EU27: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom EMU: Economic and Monetary Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain FOB: Free on Board GCV: gross calorific value GJ: gigajoule GST: goods and services tax HFO: heavy fuel oil HSFO: high sulphur fuel oil IEA: Includes IEA Europe, IEA Asia and Oceania, and IEA North America. IEA Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. IEA Asia and Oceania: Includes Australia, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. IEA North America: Includes Canada and the United States. kcal: kilocalorie kg: kilogramme kl: kilolitre (= 1 m3)

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kV: kVA: kW: kWh: LFO: LSFO: m3: MON: Mt: MWh: NCV: OECD:

kilovolt kilovolt-ampere kilowatt kilowatt hour light fuel oil low sulphur fuel oil cubic metre (= 1 kl = 1000 litres) motor octane number million tonnes megawatt hour net calorific value Includes OECD Europe, OECD Asia and Oceania, and OECD Americas. OECD Americas: Includes Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States. OECD Asia and Oceania: Includes Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. OECD Europe: Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland (not included in this publication), Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PON: pump octane number (= arithmetic average of RON and MON) RdON: road octane number (equivalent to PON) RON: research octane number st: short tonne t: tonne = metric ton tce: tonne of coal equivalent toe: tonne of oil equivalent = 107 kcal USD: United States dollar VAT: value added tax .. not available, i.e. consumption and/or taxes usually exist but data are not available nil x not applicable c confidential

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - vii

INTRODUCTION Following the need identified by IEA Energy Ministers for improved information on national and international energy markets, the Standing Group on Long-Term Cooperation of the IEA initiated a quarterly price and tax reporting system in early 1981. Unless specified otherwise, prices and taxes are presented in national currencies. Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries are presented in Euro. For more detailed information, please refer to the General notes on definitions, methods and sources, page 46. Chile became a member country of the OECD with effect from 7 May 2010, Slovenia from 21 July 2010, Israel from 7 September 2010 and Estonia from 9 December 2010. Data for Chile, Slovenia, Israel and Estonia have been included in OECD totals and are shown in the OECD countries section of the book starting with the first quarter 2011 edition. While considerable efforts have been made to ensure comparability, definitions of energy sources and sectors may vary. Gasoline prices are closely comparable between countries while only broad order of magnitude comparisons between coal prices are possible. Please see the general notes at the end of Part I (import prices) and the individual country notes in Part II.B (OECD countries) and Part III.A (non-OECD countries). Data are collected and compiled by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. The IEA would like to thank and acknowledge the dedication and professionalism of the statisticians working on energy data in the countries. Ms. Karen Tréanton and Mr. Jan Kubát have overall production and editorial responsibility, with the help of Mr. Aidan Kennedy. Coal import and export prices are the responsibility of Mr. Robert Schnapp with the help of Mr. Frederic Genest.

Natural gas and LNG import prices are the responsibility of Ms. Mieke Reece with the help of Ms. Laura Thomson. Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve provided desktop publishing support. Energy Prices & Taxes is organised as follows: One or more Feature Articles covering price-related energy issues. Recent energy price developments includes an overview of the recent price trends, summary data and graphs. Part I presents crude and oil product spot market prices and crude oil, coal and natural gas import and export costs. Part II includes total real energy indices, individual OECD country end-use prices and taxes for fossil fuels in the industry, household and electricity generation sectors, electricity for households and industry, as well as summary tables for international comparisons. Part III presents detailed end-use prices and taxes for selected non-OECD countries, as well as summary tables for 24 central and Latin America countries (reproduced with the permission of OLADE). In addition, a data service is available on the internet. It includes unlimited access through an annual subscription as well as the possibility to obtain data on a pay-perview basis. Details are available at www.iea.org. All enquiries relating to methodology or coverage should be addressed to [email protected].

© OECD/IEA, 2011

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Catalogue of Feature Articles* Feed-in tariffs in selected EU countries, Jan Kubat and Aidan Kennedy, 1st Quarter 2011 Energy Prices and Taxes in Turkey, Miika Tommila, 4th Quarter 2010 Projected Costs of Generating Electricity, María Sicilia Salvadores and Jan Horst Keppler, 2nd Quarter 2010 The Evolution of Gas Prices, Anne-Sophie Corbeau, 1st Quarter 2010 The Importance of Demand-Side Efficiency Improvements in the Electricity Sector, Climate Change Unit, 1st Quarter 2010 Comparison of Transport Fuels, Pierpaolo Cazzola, 4th Quarter 2009 Evolution of Coal Prices in China, Brian Ricketts and Prof. Nobuhiro Horii, 3rd Quarter 2009 The Electricity Market in Indonesia, Brett Jacobs, 1st Quarter 2009 Natural Gas Market Review 2008 – Recent Events, Energy Diversification Division, 4th Quarter 2008 Market Reforms and Regulation in the Western Balkans, Tim Gould, 3rd Quarter 2008 Energy Prices and Taxes in the United States, Andreas Biermann, 1st Quarter 2008 Energy Prices and Taxes in Switzerland, Miika Tommila, 4th Quarter 2007 Refining Activity and Economics, Dave Martin, 3rd Quarter 2007 LNG Markets, Hiroshi Hashimoto, 2nd Quarter 2007 Power Generation Diversification for Efficiency, Reliability and Sustainability, François Nguyen, 2nd Quarter 2007 The Impact of Higher Energy Prices on Demand, Trevor Morgan and Hideshi Emoto, 1st Quarter 2007 Energy Prices, Tariffs, Taxes and Subsidies in Ukraine, Meredydd Evans, 4th Quarter 2006 Light’s Labour’s Found: The Impact of Current and Future Policies, Paul Waide, 4th Quarter 2006 Towards More Efficient Pricing and Investment in China’s Power Sector, Caroline Varley, 3rd Quarter 2006 Renewable Energy: RD&D Priorities, Renewable Energy Unit, 2nd Quarter 2006 Resources to Reserves: The Oil Price Effect, Christian Besson, 2nd Quarter 2006 The Importance of Price Signals in Liberalised Electricity Markets, Ulrik Stridbaek, 1st Quarter 2006 Pricing and Taxation-Related Policies to Save Oil in the Transport Sector, Lew Fulton and Robert Noland, 4th Quarter 2005 Automotive Fuel Taxation and Autogas Consumption, Trevor Morgan, 3rd Quarter 2005 Impact of Carbon Emission Trading on Electricity Generation Costs, Julia Reinaud, 2nd Quarter 2005 Achieving Efficient Price Signals in Russian Electricity Markets, Doug Cooke and Isabel Murray, 2nd Quarter 2005 Biofuel Costs and Market Impacts in the Transport Sector, Lew Fulton, 1st Quarter 2005 LNG Cost Reductions and Flexibility in LNG Trade Add to Security of Gas Supply, Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe, 1st Quarter 2005 Renewable Energy Cost Developments for Electricity Generation, Renewable Energy Unit, 4th Quarter 2004 Steam and Coking Coal Prices, Larry Metzroth, 3rd Quarter 2004 Analysis of the Impact of High Oil Prices on the Global Economy, Economic Analysis Division, 2nd Quarter 2004 Thirty Years of Energy Prices and Savings, Fridtjof Unander, 1st Quarter 2004 * Please see the web page http://wds.iea.org/WDS/reportfolders/ReportFolders.aspx to download feature articles from our archives.

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ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - ix

RECENT ENERGY PRICE DEVELOPMENTS AND SUMMARY DATA

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ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xi

RECENT ENERGY PRICE DEVELOPMENTS SPOT PRICES1 Crude oil Spot crude oil prices jumped 10-15% in March amid mounting unrest in the Middle East and North Africa, despite a seasonal drop in global refinery output. In line with the loss of Libya’s light, low-sulphur crude, prices for middle distillate-rich crudes far outpaced gains for heavier grades. Spot prices for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) posted the largest monthly increase amongst benchmark crudes, in part due to relatively low crude oil stocks in the key US Gulf Coast refining centre and despite stocks at the Cushing, Oklahoma storage terminals reaching record levels. Month-on-month, Dated Brent rose by 10.4% to USD 114.60/bbl, while benchmark WTI increased 15.0% or USD 13.42/bbl to USD 102.99/bbl. By contrast, Middle East benchmark Dubai was up a more modest 8.4% to USD 108.71/bbl as demand for heavier, sourer crudes waned. Crude prices continued their upward trajectory in April posting their seventh monthly increase in a row, with benchmark crudes up 6.5-8% on average for the month.

Although the loss of Libyan crude had supported strong premiums for middle distillate and gasoline-rich crudes in March, by April, refiners especially in Asia and Europe, began shunning the high-priced lighter crudes, given exceptionally poor margins. Refiners opted instead to either maintain lower throughput rates after completing maintenance work, or to switch to more competitively priced heavier, sourer crudes where possible. Average monthly prices for WTI rose USD 6.91/bbl, or 6.7% to USD 109.89/bbl. Dated Brent posted a sharper gain, climbing USD 8.89/bbl to USD 123.49/bbl, while Dubai rose USD 7.30/bbl to USD 116.00/bbl. As part of a wider commodities sell-off, spot crude oil prices fell sharply during the first week of May, finishing the week down 5-6% on average. Prices remained lower for the remainder of May, finishing the month down 7-8% on average. This was a sharp reversal of the trend so far this year, as average spot prices had increased for seven months in a row. Month-on-month, average prices for benchmark WTI posted the sharpest loss, falling 7.9% to USD 101.22/bbl, while Dated Brent lost 7.2%, declining USD 8.93/bbl to USD 114.55/bbl. Dubai showed the smallest loss, slipping 6.6% to USD 108.38/bbl. 1

Figure 1. Crude oil spot market prices* USD/bbl

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1982

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Dubai

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1998 Brent

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WTI

* Monthly averages, from January 1982 to June 2011

Key point: After hitting a floor of just over USD 40/bbl between Dec 2008 and Feb 2009, crude prices recovered and oscillated in the range of USD 70/bbl – USD 90/bbl in 2010. In the first half of 2011, prices rose sharply, reaching levels not seen since mid 2008. 1. Spot price analysis is based on the IEA's Oil Market Report. For more information, please visit the website www.oilmarketreport.org.

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reduced refiner output led to a tightening of supplies. However, the rise in spot crude prices outpaced gains in refined products and as a result cracks spreads were largely weaker month-on-month, with the exception of gasoline in all major markets and naphtha in Europe. In Rotterdam, premium unleaded gasoline rose by 9.9% month-on-month to USD 132.26/bbl, gasoil gained 5.3% to USD 135.69/bbl and LSFO climbed 7.6% to USD 111.03/bbl.

Oil products Spot prices for middle distillates managed to keep pace with the rapid rise in crude oil markets during March, largely spurred on by sharply lower refinery output during the seasonal turnaround period, and in spite of healthy OECD stock levels. As a result, March refined product crack spreads for gasoil, diesel and kerosene strengthened in Europe and Singapore. The loss of Libya’s distillate-rich light, sweet crude also helped buoy crack spreads in Europe and Asia. By contrast, fuel oil cracks were down in all major markets on ample supply, and despite the demand pull deriving from extra Asian demand. In Rotterdam, month-on-month premium unleaded gasoline rose 11.2% to USD 120.32/bbl, gasoil also increased 11.2% to USD 128.90/bbl, while LSFO gained 14.2% to USD 103.18/bbl.

Spot product prices fell in May following the unprecedented decline in spot crude prices during the first week of the month, which saw crude future prices post their largest ever one day loss. However, crack spreads later saw a recovery as the fall in refined product prices lagged that of crude. In Rotterdam, month-on-month premium unleaded gasoline fell by 2.9% to USD 128.39/bbl, gasoil declined 8.6% to USD 124.04/bbl and LSFO slipped a slightly steeper 8.7% to USD 101.40/bbl.

Spot product prices increased smartly in April, especially for light ends such as gasoline and naphtha, as

Figure 2. Rotterdam spot market oil product prices* USD/bbl

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Gasoline

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HFO

* Monthly averages, from January 1982 to June 2011

Key point: Oil product spot prices rallied too, with average gasoil prices of USD 128/bbl in June 2011, having peaked in April 2011.

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ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xiii

Table 1. Crude oil import costs in USD/bbl

IMPORT COSTS

IEA

Crude oil Import costs (USD/barrel) Crude oil import costs increased in all major IEA member countries, with a total IEA average rise of 18.7% over fourth quarter 2010 levels. Year on year, average costs in IEA member countries rose by 29.6%, with all major countries reporting increases within the range of 24.2% (the United States) to 36.1% (the United Kingdom). Index of real crude oil import costs (in national currencies, 2005=100) The national currency index of crude oil import costs (current price deflated using the country-specific producer price index) in IEA member countries increased by 15.1% on average during the first quarter of 2011, with the largest increases recorded in Germany (17.6%) and Japan (16.3%) Year on year, the national currency index for IEA countries was up 19.4% on average, with the largest increase recorded in France (28.9%), while costs in the United States (16.9%) rose the least.

Europe

France

Germany

Italy

1Q2009 42.7 43.7 2Q2009 56.9 57.8 3Q2009 68.4 68.5 4Q2009 74.4 74.7 1Q2010 76.4 76.6 2Q2010 77.5 77.3 3Q2010 75.2 76.5 4Q2010 83.4 85.7 1Q2011 99.0 103.3 Percent change 1Q2011 from 1Q2010 +29.6 +34.9 4Q2010 +18.7 +20.5

44.7 58.9 69.2 75.1 77.2 78.5 77.5 87.1 104.4

44.2 57.9 68.6 74.7 76.6 76.5 75.6 84.7 102.3

42.8 57.0 68.4 74.3 76.5 77.6 76.5 86.0 103.3

+35.2 +19.9

+33.6 +20.8

+35.0 +20.1

Japan Korea 1Q2009 44.2 43.6 2Q2009 55.1 56.9 3Q2009 70.8 69.9 4Q2009 75.6 75.4 1Q2010 77.8 77.1 2Q2010 80.9 80.1 3Q2010 75.4 74.8 4Q2010 83.4 82.7 1Q2011 98.5 99.4 Percent change 1Q2011 from 1Q2010 +26.6 +28.9 4Q2010 +18.1 +20.2

Spain 42.8 57.0 67.5 74.2 74.9 75.9 75.4 84.7 101.3

UK 44.6 59.0 69.3 75.5 77.8 78.9 78.5 87.4 105.9

USA 40.4 56.5 66.6 72.8 75.2 75.4 73.5 80.3 93.4

+35.2 +19.6

+36.1 +21.2

+24.2 +16.3

Figure 3. Nominal and real crude oil import costs (Total IEA) USD/bbl

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1980

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Real(2008 USD)

* Monthly averages, from January 1980 to March 2011

Key point: In real terms, crude oil import costs rose to an all-time high in July 2008, before falling sharply to 2005 levels later in the year. In March 2011, prices again exceeded USD 100/bbl after 30 months.

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Coal After reaching an historic peak in July 2008, coal spot prices then fell sharply in response to the economic crisis, and continued falling into mid 2009, before rebounding on the back of strong demand from China and to a lesser extent, from India. Many factors contributed to higher coal spot prices in the first half of 2008. Supply was tight during a period of unprecedented global demand growth. Unforeseen events in late 2007 and early 2008 such as the flooding of mines in Australia and a temporary halt to Chinese coal exports added to this tightness. By the second half of 2009, strong demand for steel and electricity in China led again to tighter international markets for iron ore, coking coal, coke and steam coal. Shipping rates, although volatile, recovered from the low reached in December 2008. Across the OECD, steam coal demand weakened during 2009 with strong competition from natural gas in a shrinking electricity market. Iron and steel production slumped in Japan, the European Union and the United States, but driven by strong steel demand resulting from

China’s economic stimulus package, coking coal imports increased. In fact, China became a net coal importer for the first time in 2009, importing over 100 million tonnes. This significant new demand for steam and coking coal, which continued strongly in the first half of 2010, has helped to underpin coal prices in all the principal coal exporting countries, but particularly in the Pacific market, which still continues to trade at a premium when compared to Europe, as has been the case for the last few years. Steam coal average CIF import costs (USD/tonne) In the fourth quarter of 2010, average steam coal import costs for OECD countries increased by 4.7% over the third quarter of 2010. The largest increase occurred in Germany (+15.2%), while Italy (-4.3%) and Spain (-0.9%) showed the only drops among the major OECD importing countries. Year on year, steam coal import costs in OECD countries increased on average by 17.5%, with Japan and Spain (both +25.5%) leading the increases, while Italy was the only major importer to show a decrease, with prices down a marginal 0.2%.

Figure 4. Index of nominal coal import costs into the European Union and Japan in USD* 2005 = 100 280

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30 1980

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Japan steam coal

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Japan coking coal

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EU coking coal

* Quarterly averages, from 1Q1980 to 4Q2010

Key point: After a sharp decline in 2009, coal prices rebounded in 2010, with both EU and Japanese prices increasing in every quarter bar the fourth, during which Japanese coking coal prices declined marginally.

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ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xv

Comparison of import costs A historical comparison of the import costs of fuels on an energy-equivalent basis shows that in general, crude oil is the most expensive fossil fuel, followed by natural gas, and lastly by coal. During the late 1980s and 1990s, IEA import costs of crude oil principally fluctuated within a range of USD 80 to 170/toe, while import costs of steam coal oscillated around USD 70/toe. Coal prices changed little in the late 1990s, while the price of oil (and to a lesser extent the price of natural gas) began to soar. At the end of 2000, oil prices dipped briefly. However, in 2002 they began to rise once again, increasing dramatically from 2005 and hitting an unprecedented peak in mid-2008. Average import costs of crude oil in the third quarter of 2008 reached USD 846/toe, double what they were three years earlier. During the same period, import costs of pipeline gas and liquefied natural gas also doubled. Pipeline gas prices reached their peak in the third quarter of 2008 (USD 474/toe) and LNG one quarter later at USD 399/toe. Coal import costs also peaked in the fourth quarter at USD 219/toe, increasing 111% over their fourth quarter 2005 levels. In 2009, import costs of fossil fuels decreased significantly, following the dramatic drop in fuel prices. Natural gas prices reached their lowest levels in the third quarter of 2009, while steam coal prices continued to decline until the first quarter of 2010. Crude oil prices fell

the most (to USD 306/toe) in the first quarter of 2009, however, they later showed the strongest recovery. After a slight dip in the first quarter of 2010, crude oil prices have risen steadily since then, reaching USD 710/toe in the first quarter of 2011. IEA import costs of crude oil hovered around 200% of those of steam coal, on an energy-equivalent basis, during the late 1980s and 1990s. Rising crude oil prices in turn pushed crude import costs higher from 1999, so that by 2000 they were nearly four times those of steam coal and twice those of natural gas. Following this, the crude oil premium over natural gas import costs decreased to approximately 50%, while that over coal import prices remained at around 200%. As crude oil prices soared from 2005-2008, crude oil’s premium over steam coal and gas again increased, with crude oil costs peaking at 4.8 times that of steam coal in the third quarter of 2006 and 1.9 times that of pipeline natural gas in the second quarter of 2007. When crude oil prices dropped sharply in the last quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009, their import cost premium over coal fell to just 76%, and crude oil imports actually became cheaper than pipeline gas and LNG imports by 20% and 11%, respectively. However, this turnaround was short-lived as a positive premium over natural gas was re-established in the second quarter of 2009. In the fourth quarter of 2010, crude oil imports were on average 3.5 times that of steam coal, 1.75 times that of pipeline gas and twice that of LNG.

Figure 5. Crude oil, natural gas and steam coal import costs* USD/toe 900

750 600 450 300 150 0 1985

1987

1989

1991 1993 1995 1997 Crude oil (IEA CIF import cost) Natural gas** (Pipeline)

1999

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Steam coal (OECD CIF import cost) Liquefied natural gas** (LNG)

2011

* Quarterly averages, from 1Q1985 to 1Q2011 ** Average natural gas import costs for EU member states. Weighted average based only on imports for which costs are available.

Key point: Although crude oil import costs briefly fell below the costs of natural gas in the first quarter of 2009, they rebounded in the second quarter of 2009 and have continued to increase almost without interruption since then.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xvi - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

END-USE PRICE INDICES (2005 = 100)

Table 2. End-use price index for industry (2005=100) OECD

Europe

Asia Oceania

Americas

1Q2009

101.2

107.7

114.8

89.1

2Q2009

99.3

107.8

110.6

86.2

3Q2009

100.3

107.6

109.3

89.3

4Q2009

102.2

108.9

109.5

92.5

Total energy

1Q2010

104.5

111.5

108.5

95.7

2Q2010

105.4

113.6

111.8

94.5

The OECD total energy end-use price index (a combined industry and household index including oil products, coal, natural gas and electricity) increased by 4.8% during the first quarter of 2011, with the largest increase occurring in Finland (+7.9%) and the biggest drop in Norway (-3.7%). Year on year, the index for total OECD countries rose by 7.5%, with the highest increases in Greece (+19.2%) and Spain (+11.0%).

3Q2010

105.2

112.8

112.1

94.7

4Q2010

106.0

114.3

111.0

95.6

1Q2011

110.7

118.3

114.2

101.6

All indices in this section are constant or real price indices. Real price indices are calculated using the Paasche method and deflated using the country-specific producer price index (industrial sector) and the consumer price index (household sector).

Industry The OECD industry real price index increased by 4.4% during the first quarter of 2011, with the largest increases occurring in France (+8.1%) and Finland (+7.9%). Year on year, the index went up by 5.9% with Portugal posting the greatest rise (+14.4%) and Norway (-17.1%) the greatest decrease. Households During the first quarter of 2011 the real energy price index for households in OECD countries increased by 5.2% compared to the previous quarter, with Greece (+8.5%) showing the largest increase. Year on year, the OECD index climbed 9.1%. The sharpest increases occurred in Greece (+22.3%) and Finland (+13.4%), while Norway (-0.7%) and Turkey (-0.3%) saw the greatest decreases.

Percent change 1Q2011 from 1Q2010

+5.9

+6.1

+5.3

+6.2

4Q2010

+4.4

+3.5

+2.9

+6.3

Table 3. End-use price index for households (2005=100) OECD

Europe

1Q2009 95.3 2Q2009 101.8 3Q2009 106.3 4Q2009 103.3 1Q2010 104.7 2Q2010 109.0 3Q2010 109.9 4Q2010 108.6 1Q2011 114.2 Percent change 1Q2011 from 1Q2010 +9.1 4Q2010 +5.2

Asia Oceania

Americas

108.4 110.5 110.4 109.3 112.2 114.6 115.2 115.5 119.6

97.6 100.8 102.5 102.9 102.1 104.7 105.5 103.8 108.1

88.5 97.8 105.0 100.6 101.6 107.1 108.2 106.2 112.8

+6.6 +3.5

+5.9 +4.1

+11.0 +6.2

Figure 6. Total energy real end-use price index for industry and households 2005 = 100

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 OECD Total

Key point: Consumer prices fell dramatically between the third quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009. After rising over the next few quarters, prices plateaued after the second quarter of 2010, before rising again in 2011.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xvii

Heavy fuel oil for industry

Households

During the first quarter of 2011, the overall OECD industry index for heavy fuel oil went up by 14%, with the United States (+19.9%) and Japan (+17.8%) reporting the largest increases. Year on year, the overall index increased 14.2%, with the largest increase occurring in the Slovak Republic (+36.6%), while New Zealand (-7.5%) and Mexico (-2.3%) declined the most.

During the first quarter of 2011, the total OECD light fuel oil real price index for households increased by 13.4%. The sharpest increases in the index occurred in Finland (+24.0%) and Greece (+17.8%). Year on year, the index for total OECD countries increased by 24.3%, with prices rising most in Finland (+45.8%) and Slovenia (+30.3%). Norway (-1.3%) was the only OECD country that saw a decrease in the index.

Figure 7. Index of HFO end-user prices 2005=100

190

Automotive diesel

150

Commercial use

110 70 30 1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Industry

Light fuel oil

During the first quarter of 2011, the commercial price index for automotive diesel increased by 7.8% in OECD countries, led by increases in New Zealand (+12.1%) and the United States (+11.6%). Year on year, the total OECD index rose by 13.7%. The United States showed the sharpest increase (+19.7%), followed by New Zealand (+19.6%). Norway (-8.5%) was the only OECD country to experience a decline in prices. Non-commercial use

Industry The index for light fuel oil (middle distillates) used for industry and manufacturing rose by 12.2% during the first quarter of 2011. The largest increase occurred in Finland (+21.7%). Compared with the previous year, the OECD price index increased by 21.2%. The largest increases occurred in the Slovak Republic (+61.2%) and Finland (+37.0%). There was no decrease in the index for any OECD country other than Norway (-8.5%).

The OECD index for the non-commercial use of automotive diesel (private vehicles) increased by 10.1% during the first quarter of 2011. New Zealand (+14.3%) and the United States (+13.7%) showed the strongest increases, while only prices in Norway (-7.0%) declined. Overall, the index for OECD countries was 18.2% higher year on year, with Greece (+25.9%) and the United States (+24.5%) showing the sharpest increases. Again, only Norway (-1.3%) recorded a drop in prices.

Figure 8. Index of LFO end-user prices 2005=100

Figure 9. Index of diesel end-user prices 2005=100

180

150

150

130

120

110

90

90

60

70

30 1980

50 1985

1990

1995

Industry

2000

2005

Households

2010

1980

1985

1990

1995

Industry

2000

2005

2010

Households

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xviii - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Figure 11. Index of natural gas end-user prices

Unleaded gasoline The unleaded gasoline real price index in OECD countries rose by 10.3% during the first quarter of 2011. The largest rises were recorded in the Canada (+13.7%) and the United States (+12.6%), while Norway (-3.5%) showed the only decrease. Year on year, the index for OECD countries rose by +15.4% over first quarter 2010 levels, with Greece (+28.0%) and the United States (+18.8%) leading the increases, while only Norway (-1.4%) declined. Figure 10. Index of gasoline end-user prices 2005=100

150

2005=100

140 120 100 80 60 40 1980

130

1985

1990 1995 Industry

2000 2005 2010 Households

110 90

Coal for industry

70

The total OECD real price index for steam and coking coal end-user prices decreased in average by 0.4% during the first quarter of 2010. The Turkish index showed the greatest drop (-3.4%), while Switzerland (+15.9%) showed the sharpest increase. Compared to the first quarter of 2010, the OECD index was up 6.2%, led by gains in Finland (+31%) and Switzerland (+20.9%), while Turkey (-4.5%) recorded the most significant decrease.

50 1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Households

Natural gas Industry The OECD natural gas real price index for industry rose by 1.2% during the first quarter of 2011, lead by increases in Finland (+21.9%) and the United States (+8.0%), while the Czech Republic (-11.1%) recorded the largest decrease. Year on year the index was down (-7.1%), with the sharpest drops occurring in the United States (-17.3%) and Slovenia (-6.5%). Finland (+29.1%) and Ireland (+14.9%) showed the biggest increases. Households The natural gas household real price index decreased by 1.9% in the first quarter of 2011, with the United States (-5.2%) and Poland (-5.0%) showing the largest decreases, while Finland (+22.1%) showed the strongest increase. Year on year, the OECD index was up 0.4%, with the most significant increases occurring in Finland (+32.8%) and Greece (+16.2%). The largest annual falls occurred in the United States (-6.3%), Turkey (-3.8%) and Austria (-2.9%).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Figure 12. Index of coal end-user prices 2005=100

190 170 150 130 110 90 70 50 1980

1985

1990 1995 Industry

2000 2005 2010 Households

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xix

Electricity Industry During the first quarter of 2011, the OECD electricity index for industry decreased by 0.8%. The index for Ireland showed the greatest drop (-29.7%), followed by Denmark (-8.5%). While France (+13.8%) reported the greatest increase, followed by Switzerland (+9.6%). Year on year, the OECD index was down 3.4% from its first quarter 2009 level, lead by falls in Ireland (-27.5%), Norway (-24.7%) and Denmark (-13.3%). Switzerland (+10.0%) and Japan (+1.5%) showed the largest year on year increases.

sharpest increases were reported in Finland (+14.1%) and the Slovak Republic (+6.2%). While the greatest year on year declines were recorded in Italy (-5.8%) and the United Kingdom (-5.1%). Figure 13. Index of electricity end-user prices 2005=100

150 140 130 120

Households

110

The OECD electricity real price index for households decreased by 1.7% in the first quarter of 2011. Prices in the United States showed the sharpest decrease (-4.3%), followed by Ireland (-3.0%). While prices in Mexico (+10.0%) and Finland (+8.5%) increased the most. Year on year, the OECD index increased by 0.5%, with the

100 90 80 1980

1985

1990 1995 Industry

2000 2005 2010 Households

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Electricity

* Quarterly averages

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Natural Gas

Coal

1Q2009 1Q2010 1Q2011 1Q2012

1Q2010

1Q2011

1Q2012

1Q2004

1Q2003

1Q2002

1Q2001

1Q2000

1Q1999

1Q1998

1Q1997

1Q1996

1Q1995

1Q1994

1Q1993

1Q1992

1Q1991

1Q1990

1Q1989

1Q1988

1Q1987

1Q1986

1Q1985

1Q2009

50

1Q2008

70

1Q2008

90

1Q2007

110

1Q2007

130

1Q2006

150

1Q2006

170

1Q2005

OECD Europe

1Q2005

1Q2004

1Q2003

1Q2002

1Q2001

1Q2000

1Q1999

1Q1998

1Q1997

1Q1996

1Q1995

1Q1994

1Q1993

1Q1992

1Q1991

1Q1990

1Q1989

1Q1988

1Q1987

1Q1986

1Q1985

2005=100

2005=100

xx - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Figure 14 - Indices of real energy end-use prices * OECD Total

190

170

150

130

110

90

70

50

Oil Products

Total Energy

Electricity

Natural Gas

Coal

Oil Products

1Q2009 1Q2010 1Q2011 1Q2012

1Q2011

1Q2012

1Q2008

1Q2008

1Q2010

1Q2007

1Q2007

1Q2009

1Q2006

1Q2006

1Q2000

1Q1999

1Q1998

1Q1997

1Q1996

1Q1995

1Q1994

1Q1993

1Q1992

1Q1991

1Q1990

1Q1989

1Q1988

1Q1987

1Q1986

1Q1985

1Q2005

30

1Q2005

60

1Q2004

90

1Q2004

120

1Q2003

150

1Q2003

180

1Q2002

210

1Q2002

240

1Q2001

Japan

1Q2001

1Q2000

1Q1999

1Q1998

1Q1997

1Q1996

1Q1995

1Q1994

1Q1993

1Q1992

1Q1991

1Q1990

1Q1989

1Q1988

1Q1987

1Q1986

1Q1985

2005=100

2005=100

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xxi

Figure 15 - Indices of real energy end-use prices * United States

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

Total Energy

* Quarterly averages

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

xxii - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

TAXES AND DUTIES Households 1

2

Excise tax amounts

VAT % LFO

Auto diesel

Unleaded

Natural gas

Steam coal

Electr.

LFO

Auto diesel

Unleaded

gasoline4

..

10.0

10.0

..

..

..

..

0.381

Austria

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

20.0

109.2

Belgium

21.0

21.0

21.0

21.0

12.0

21.0

18.49

3

Australia

3

Natural gas

Steam coal

Electr.

0.381

..

..

..

0.437

0.525

69.34

..

0.0212

0.409

0.614

25.96

-

0.0172

gasoline4

Canada

5.0

..

5.0

5.0

..

..

47.00

..

0.313

-

..

..

Chile

19.0

19.0

19.0

19.0

..

19.0

-

56.30

225.2

-

..

-

Czech Rep.

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

660.0

10.95

12.84

-

133.00

0.0300

Denmark

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

x

25.0

2 522

2.953

4.253

2 541

x

0.7930

Estonia

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

20.0

110.9 5

0.393

0.423

26.20

..

0.0125

Finland

23.0

23.0

23.0

23.0

x

23.0

160.53

0.365

0.628

94.55

x

0.0170

France

19.6

19.6

19.6

17.4

..

17.4

56.60

0.437

0.611

13.04

..

0.0167

Germany

19.0

19.0

19.0

..

..

19.0

61.35

0.470

0.655

..

..

0.07

Greece

23.0

23.0

23.0

13.0

x

11.0

21.00

0.412

0.670

-

x

0.0132

Hungary

x

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

x

100.6

123.3

-

-

-

Ireland

13.5

21.0

21.0

13.5

13.5

13.5

88.66

0.449

0.543

32.22

..

-

Israel

16.0

16.0

16.0

..

x

16.0

2 534

2.534

2.851

..

x

-

Italy

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

..

10.0

403.2

0.423

0.564

..

..

0.0351

Japan

5.0

5.0

5.0

..

..

..

2 040

34.14

55.84

..

..

-

Korea

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

..

..

103 500

518.2

745.9

73 183

..

..

Luxembourg

12.0

15.0

15.0

6.0

x

6.0

10.00

0.320

0.462

12.54

x

0.0200

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

..

16.0

16.0

16.0

x

16.0

..

-

-

-

x

-

19.0

19.0

19.0

19.0

..

19.0

259.8

0.428

0.724

194.98

..

0.0059

..

15.0

15.0

15.0

..

15.0

..

0.004

0.591

20.45

..

-

Norway

25.0

25.0

25.0

x

..

25.0

1 573

4.210

5.500

x

..

0.1121

Poland

23.0

23.0

23.0

23.0

23.0

23.0

232.0

1.288

1.660

-

-

0.0200

Portugal

13.0

23.0

23.0

6.0

..

6.0

222.5

0.364

0.583

-

..

-

Slovak Rep.

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

20.0

..

0.368

0.515

-

..

-

Slovenia

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

20.0

123.4

0.387

0.465

51.80

..

0.0120

Spain

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

..

16.0

85.69

0.346

0.443

-

..

0.0064

Sweden

25.0

25.0

25.0

25.0

x

25.0

3 814

4.314

5.225

2 637

x

0.2700

Switzerland

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

x

8.0

99.60

0.774

0.735

80.80

x

0.0045

Turkey

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

760.5

0.935

1.492

-

-

0.0173

UK

5.0

20.0

20.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

113.1

0.590

0.590

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

USA

Note: Taxes shown are the most recent available. Taxes shown in bold have changed since the previous quarter's publication. Taxes are shown in national currency per unit. See country notes for details. 1. GST tax for Canada and New Zealand; consumption tax for Japan. 2. Excises taxes include all non-VAT taxes levied on energy. 3. Kerosene for Japan and Korea. 4. Regular unleaded for Australia, Canada, Japan and Korea; premium unleaded 95 for all other countries. .. not available x not applicable - nil c confidential

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xxiii

Industry 1

2

Excise Tax Amounts

VAT %

Australia

HFO

Coking Coal

LFO

Automotive Diesel

HSFO

LSFO

Natural Gas

Steam Coal

Coking Coal

Electricity

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

3

Austria

-

..

109.2

0.436

..

67.70

..

50.0

..

0.0181

Belgium

-

..

18.49

0.409

x

15.00

10.47

..

..

0.0103

Canada

5.0

..

34.55

0.234

26.67

..

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

-

..

-

Czech Rep.

-

c

660.0

10.95

472

472

356.0

c

c

0.0280

Denmark

-

x

429.0

2.953

..

638

2 493

..

x

0.0500

Estonia

..

..

111.0

0.393

..

..

19.69

..

..

0.0118

Finland

-

-

160.5

0.365

..

67.06

94.55

128.1

128.1

0.0070

France

-

-

56.60

0.437

18.50

18.50

16.79

..

-

0.0115

Germany

-

-

61.35

0.470

..

25.00

..

..

-

..

Greece

-

..

21.0

0.412

..

19.00

-

..

..

0.0146

Hungary

-

c

..

100.6

..

7 500

3 166

..

c

0.2520

Ireland

-

x

47.36

0.449

61.52

..

-

..

x

-

Israel

-

x

..

2.534

14.16

14.16

c

x

x

-

Italy

-

-

403.2

0.423

..

31.39

45.22

-

-

0.0445

Japan

5.0

5.0

2 040

34.14

-

-

..

700

700

..

Korea

10.0

..

103 500

..

20 703

20 703

73 183

..

..

..

Chile

Luxembourg

..

x

21.00

0.320

x

..

6.27

..

x

0.0067

Mexico

-

..

-

-

-

..

-

x

..

-

Netherlands

-

..

259.8

0.428

x

33.89

30.65

..

..

0.0137

New Zealand

-

c

-

0.004

-

..

20.45

c

c

-

Norway

-

x

1 573

4.210

x

..

x

..

x

-

Poland

-

-

232.0

1.288

64.00

64.00

-

-

-

0.0200

Portugal

-

..

..

0.364

x

15.30

-

..

..

-

Slovak Rep.

-

..

-

0.368

x

-

15.35

..

..

-

Slovenia

-

..

123.4

0.387

..

75.02

51.80

..

..

0.0098

Spain

-

c

85.69

0.346

..

15.46

-

..

c

0.0036

Sweden

-

..

1 144

4.314

x

4 133

795.5

..

..

0.0050

Switzerland

-

x

99.60

0.774

x

118.9

80.80

-

x

0.0045

18.0

18.0

..

0.935

224.0

..

25.12

-

-

0.0074

UK

-

..

111.8

0.590

x

c

4.61

5.87

..

0.0026

USA

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

Note: Taxes shown are the most recent available. Taxes shown in bold have changed since the previous quarter's publication. Taxes are shown in national currency per unit. See country notes for details. 1. GST tax for Canada and New Zealand; consumption tax for Japan. 2. Excises taxes include all non-VAT taxes levied on energy. 3. Kerosene for Japan and Korea. .. not available x not applicable - nil c confidential

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

50%

40%

30% 40.2% 40.7% 41.4% 42.2% 42.7% 43.3% 43.3% 43.5% 43.6% 43.9% 45.1% 45.3%

Germany

Sweden

France

Portugal

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Austria

Belgium

Israel

Denmark

Ireland

Czech Rep.

Italy

Ex-tax price

premium unleaded 95 for all other countries.

Tax component

* Prices for Chile and Israel are for 4Q2010.

1. Regular unleaded for Australia, Canada, Japan, Korea, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States; 49.6% 50.1% 50.5% 51.0%

Switzerland

Luxembourg

Spain

Korea

0.883

Germany

50.4%

84.9% 9% 86.2% .2%

Mexico

30.2% 2%

36.6% 69.8%

63.4%

0.888

Greece Turkey

0.857

Netherlands

0.783

1.204

1.331

1.341

1.397

1.209

1.209

1.224

1.248

1.289

1.183

1.224

1.109

1.166

1.026

1.075

1.035

0.989

1.043

0.916

1.017

0.875

0.926

0.856

0.760

0.892

0.819

0.856

0.647

0.510

1.337

1.4

13.8% 1

0.935

Denmark

44.3%

Norway

0.924

45.6% 42.1%

0.866

Sweden Belgium

49.0%

57.9%

0.838

Finland

49.5%

0.781

Portugal United Kingdom

49.9%

United States

Canada

15 15.1%

0.839

Italy

51.4%

0.917

0.853

France

52.6%

55.7%

48.6%

54.4%

47.4%

Turkey

Estonia

52.7%

Chile

47.3%

Poland

0.899

0.842

Ireland Slovak Rep.

53.0%

0.859 0.851

Hungary Czech Rep.

53.3%

0.803

0.903

0.777

53.5%

Japan

47.0%

54.7%

Slovenia

Israel

54.9%

46.7%

Switzerland

56.1%

46.5%

Austria

56.4%

Hungary

Spain

0.891

0.820

Slovenia

0.377

0.131

0.607

0.955

56.5%

Slovak Rep.

Australia

0.854 0.800

Korea Poland

0.808

0.888

Estonia

0.883

Australia New Zealand

0.724

56.7%

60% 0.860

80% Japan

70%

New Zealand

90% Luxembourg

100%

56.7%

57.3%

57.8%

58.6%

59.3%

59.8%

60.0%

Chile

0.738 0.873

0.0 Canada

0.2

United States

0.101

1.2

61.0%

40.0%

62.3%

Finland

0%

Greece

10% 39.0%

20% 37.7%

0.630

0.4

Netherlands

Mexico

0.6

64.1%

0.8

35.9%

USD/litre 1.0

United Kingdom

Norway

Per cent share

xxiv - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Figure 16 - Unleaded gasoline1 prices and taxes

2.6

1Q2011*

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

50%

40%

30% 49.6% 50.1% 50.3% 50.4% 50.4% 51.1% 51.6% 52.0% 52.2% 52.4% 52.4% 53.1% 54.0% 54.1% 54.3% 55.1%

Czech Rep.

Germany

France

Switzerland

Denmark

Netherlands

Slovenia

Ex-tax price

Estonia

Hungary

Italy

Belgium

Finland

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Rep.

1 14.5% 13.9% 13.4%

.5% 85.5% 6.1% 86.1% 6.6% 86.6%

New Zealand

25.8%

90%

Mexico

74.2%

100%

United States

Chile

% 31.6%

80%

68.4%

0.819

1.009

Slovenia

0.957 0.987

Hungary Finland

Portugal

1.001

0.852

0.640

1.278

1.303

1.087

1.134

0.932

0.784

0.967

0.948

0.962

0.887

0.918

0.889

0.924

0.842

0.931

0.841

0.870

0.874

0.893

0.800

0.891

0.824

0.733

0.811

1.168

1.018

0.860

0.467 0.600

1.6

Turkey

United Kingdom

Sweden

Norway

Greece

0.984

0.961 Switzerland

Germany

1.003 0.934

Israel

Belgium

0.978 0.961

Italy

0.928

Denmark

Czech Rep.

0.898

0.933

Netherlands

Ireland

0.906

France

0.983

0.877

Austria Slovak Rep.

0.900

Estonia

0.972

0.880

Poland

Spain

0.908 0.888

Luxembourg

0.899

Korea

Japan

0.513

0.145

0.139

0.754

0.258

0.941

0.743

0.917

0.0 Australia

0.2

New Zealand

Chile

United States

0.105

1.4

Japan

35.9%

40.0%

60.0%

Australia

64.1%

59.8%

Korea

40.2%

58.7% 41.3%

42.2%

43.0%

Greece

57.8%

Turkey

44.9%

Luxembourg

57.0%

70%

Spain

45.7%

45.9%

46.0%

46.9%

47.6%

47.6%

47.8%

48.0%

48.4%

48.9%

49.6%

49.6%

49.7%

49.9%

50.4%

50.7%

49.3%

Israel

Austria

51.6% 50.9%

0% 49.1%

10% 48.4%

20%

Ireland

56.9%

60%

Sweden

43.1%

0.4 0.653

USD/litre 1.2

Norway

Mexico

0.6

60.5%

0.8

39.5%

1.0

United Kingdom

Per cent share

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - xxv

Figure 17 - Automotive diesel prices and taxes for non-commercial purposes

2.4

1Q2011*

2.2

2.0

1.8

Tax component

* Prices for Chile and Israel are for 4Q2010.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

40%

0%

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Ex-tax price

* Prices for Chile and Israel are for 4Q2010.

Tax component

United States

Japan

Canada

862 865 891

Czech Rep. Austria Estonia

946

Sweden

972

830

762

489

850 1061 1007

Turkey Denmark

9.2%

944

932 Italy

953 741

550

460

1067

360

352

332

303

272

366

Israel

826

240

282

75

193

291

Finland

Norway

Portugal

892

887

Poland

Ireland

914

817

Slovenia France

844

888

535

7.1% 4.7%

9 95.3%

92 92.9%

90.8 90.8%

12.1%

16.0% 87.9%

84.0%

Chile

100%

Luxembourg

17.4%

19.7%

3% 80.3%

2.6% 82.6%

20.9%

% 79.1%

Ireland

Belgium

Korea

21 21.2%

% 78.8%

Greece

17.7%

22. 22.3%

% 77.7%

2.3% 82.3%

22.9 22.9%

% 77.1%

France

United Kingdom

585

Spain

Greece

Netherlands

917

256

Korea

Germany

209

980

230

967 98 820

847

801

182

161

44

Canada

Belgium

Japan

United Kingdom

846 844

Chile Switzerland

838 116

0 Luxembourg

200 901

1200

Switzerland

23.8 23.8%

25.5%

25.6%

76.2%

74.5%

27.8%

28.8%

90%

Germany

74.4%

72.2%

Czech Rep.

Spain

71.2%

Estonia

28.9%

0.9% 30.9%

Poland

71.1%

Austria

69.1%

9% 33.9%

80%

Slovenia

66.1%

Finland

0% 34.0%

40.0%

66.0%

60.0%

41.8%

Portugal

Norway

58.2%

45.2%

70%

Turkey

54.8%

47.4%

47.8%

400

United States

600

Denmark

52.6%

10%

Italy

20% 52.2%

30%

Netherlands

50.7%

60%

49.3%

50% 55.7%

800

44.3%

USD/1000 litre 1000

Sweden

Israel

Per cent share

xxvi - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Figure 18 - Light fuel oil prices and taxes for households 1Q2011*

2000

1800

1600

1400

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 1

PART I IMPORT AND EXPORT COSTS AND INDICES; TRADE REGULATIONS AND DUTIES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

GENERAL NOTE ON DEFINITIONS, METHODS AND SOURCES CRUDE OIL SPOT PRICES1 The monthly, quarterly and yearly average crude oil spot prices are calculated from daily quotations from Platts. Prices are either dated (spot price), assessed (based on Platts’ weekly assessment of spot prices) or first month forward supply, which is the dated quotation for prompt physical cargoes.

Arab Light Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content: Dubai Prior to January 1985, the average prices were calculated from the weekly averages from various published sources

Product quality specifications (based on International Crude Oil Market Handbook 2010, Energy Intelligence Group):

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Brent

Iran Light

A blend of crude from the Brent and Ninian systems. Prior to July 1987, the average prices were calculated from the weekly averages from various published sources.

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Dated Sullom Voe 38.5º 0.41

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content: Urals

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Price: Loading points: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

West Texas Sour (WTS)

Minas

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

First Month Forward Midland 31.7º 1.28

Light Louisiana Sweet (LLS)

Tapis

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

Price: Loading point: API Gravity: Sulphur Content:

First Month Forward St. James 36.0º 0.34

1. Source: Based on Platts unless otherwise specified. ©2011, Platts, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. No reproduction without prior written permission from Platts. All rights reserved.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

First Month Forward Fateh 30.4º 2.13

Dated and assessed Kharg Island 33.4º 1.36

Iran Heavy

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) First Month Forward Cushing, Midland 38.7º 0.45

Dated Ras Tanura, King Fahd, Juaymah 33.0º 1.83

Dated and assessed, FOB Kharg Island 29.5º 1.99

Dated, CIF NWE assessed Primorsk, Novorossiysk, Yuzhny 31.8º 1.35

Dated Dumai 34.5º 0.08

Dated Terengganu 45.6º 0.03

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 3

OIL PRODUCT SPOT PRICES1

MARINE BUNKER SPOT PRICES

Oil product spot prices are calculated from daily quotations from Platts. Prior to January 1985, for HSFO in NW Europe (Rotterdam), average prices were calculated from weekly price averages using various published sources. Prices for NW Europe and the United States (New York Harbour), are the average price between the high and low quotes for spot purchases of oil products, barge, FOB. Singapore represents the cargo average price. All prices exclude end-use taxes. Product Market

Specifications

Gasoline NW Europe

Prior to June 1992, premium leaded 0.15 g/l. Since June 1992, premium unleaded. Prior to November 2003, unleaded gasoline 87 PON. Since November 2003, regular unleaded 87 PON max 0.3 MTBE. Prior to 1Q95, regular leaded 0.15 g/l. Since 1Q95, premium unleaded. Prior to November 2007 0.2% sulphur. Since November 2007 0.1% sulphur. Heating oil no. 2 0.5% sulphur 1% sulphur 1% sulphur Prior to April 1996, low sulphur waxy residue (LSWR). Since April 1996, LSWR cracked. 3.5% sulphur 3.0% sulphur Prior to January 1998, 3.5% sulphur. Since January 1998, 4.0% sulphur.

United States

Singapore Gasoil

NW Europe

LSFO

United States Singapore NW Europe United States Singapore

HSFO

NW Europe United States Singapore

Conversion Factors Product

Product

NW Europe

Gasoline Gasoil Jet/Kero Naphtha LSFO HSFO HSFO

Singapore

Barrels/ tonne 8.35 7.46 7.88 8.82 6.49 6.31 6.46

From December 2006 onwards, the prices represent the monthly average of daily benchmark price – the Bunkerworld Benchmark Price (BBP). The assessments are typically quoted for products to be supplied within 37 days in the spot market. Prices are quoted in USD per metric tonne, delivered on board basis, i.e. including barge transport and/or ex-price fees. Prior to December 2006, prices represent the monthly average of daily spot assessments and reflect "averagesized" stems, typically between 400 and 700 tonnes. Prices for Singapore and NW Europe (Rotterdam) are "delivered". Prices shown for the United States (Houston) are "ex-wharf". Conversion Factors Product

Barrels/tonne

380 cst

6.45

180 cst

6.45

Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)

7.3

Sources: From December 2006 onwards, Monthly Bunker Prices from Bunkerworld website. Prior to December 2006, BunkerNews, published by Informa Energy Publishing, a division of Informat Group plc.

IMPORT AND EXPORT COSTS OF ENERGY PRODUCTS Costs shown for foreign trade in energy products are obtained by dividing value by volume recorded by customs administrations for each tariff position. Values recorded at the import stage include cost, insurance and freight (CIF) but exclude import duties. Values recorded at the export stage exclude transport and other costs (FOB). For more detailed information on tariffs and duties for imported energy products please see the Notes on Definitions and Regulations at the end of Part I.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

4 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 - Crude oil spot prices in USD/bbl (average unit value, FOB) Brent

WTI

WTS

Light Louisiana

Arab Light

Dubai

Iran Light

Iran Heavy

Urals

Minas

Tapis

.. 32.86 29.73 28.74 27.62 14.44 18.44 14.92 18.23 23.73 20.00 19.32 16.97 15.82 17.02 20.67 19.09 12.72 17.97 28.50 24.44 25.02 28.83 38.27 54.52 65.14 72.39 97.26 61.67 79.50

.. 33.68 30.40 29.39 27.98 15.10 19.18 15.97 19.68 24.50 21.54 20.57 18.45 17.21 18.42 22.16 20.61 14.39 19.31 30.37 25.93 26.16 31.06 41.49 56.59 66.02 72.20 100.06 61.92 79.45

.. .. .. .. 27.31 14.19 18.41 14.72 18.17 22.62 19.34 18.97 16.87 16.27 17.42 20.93 18.93 12.84 18.01 28.20 23.12 24.80 28.33 37.51 51.97 60.89 67.17 96.31 60.40 77.30

.. .. .. .. .. .. 19.49 16.13 19.81 24.81 21.86 20.78 18.56 17.25 18.60 22.35 20.72 14.18 19.09 30.38 25.89 26.29 31.16 41.54 57.04 67.48 75.26 102.83 64.54 82.80

34.17 31.71 30.05 28.06 27.52 .. .. 13.45 16.19 20.88 17.47 17.89 15.68 15.39 16.81 19.84 18.85 12.26 17.43 26.77 23.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 30.88 28.23 27.54 26.48 13.01 16.91 13.20 15.68 20.50 16.56 17.21 14.90 14.76 16.09 18.56 18.13 12.16 17.30 26.24 22.80 23.85 26.76 33.69 49.54 61.52 68.27 94.18 61.91 78.08

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.34 15.99 20.65 17.38 18.60 15.35 15.14 16.35 19.77 17.75 11.23 16.69 26.10 22.59 23.52 26.90 34.62 50.74 61.07 69.30 94.67 61.25 78.18

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.92 15.50 24.06 17.33 17.08 14.46 14.75 15.93 19.25 17.29 10.78 16.25 25.71 22.06 23.10 26.35 33.03 48.40 59.13 67.68 92.28 60.57 76.96

.. .. .. .. 27.05 13.68 17.73 14.15 17.40 22.65 19.01 18.09 15.39 16.40 16.85 20.37 18.44 11.99 17.45 27.07 23.11 23.80 27.07 34.13 50.32 61.22 69.16 94.83 61.15 78.26

.. .. .. .. .. 11.89 17.78 15.06 17.62 26.08 19.35 19.24 17.85 16.22 17.63 20.68 19.26 12.29 17.94 28.88 24.06 25.62 29.50 36.96 54.18 65.18 73.42 101.00 64.97 82.28

.. .. .. .. .. 13.24 18.59 15.45 18.70 27.00 21.16 20.78 18.83 17.16 18.29 22.01 20.92 13.77 18.99 29.85 25.32 25.72 30.06 41.19 58.13 69.98 77.76 104.90 65.08 82.72

2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

121.18 115.09 55.48

123.81 118.07 59.13

119.18 115.91 55.54

127.07 121.48 60.58

.. .. ..

116.65 113.62 52.84

117.55 112.50 54.74

114.76 109.76 52.70

117.47 113.32 54.58

123.95 120.47 58.56

129.24 125.51 60.03

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

44.46 59.13 68.08 74.53

43.20 59.71 68.12 75.97

42.27 58.32 66.43 73.90

47.75 61.43 70.37 77.71

.. .. .. ..

44.31 59.30 67.78 75.36

43.32 58.51 68.18 74.45

42.27 57.82 67.60 74.08

43.65 58.46 67.76 74.21

46.48 63.13 70.89 78.49

48.47 61.91 71.44 77.67

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.36 78.24 76.86 86.46

78.84 77.81 76.05 85.13

76.95 75.97 73.89 82.42

80.02 82.16 79.64 89.33

.. .. .. ..

75.98 78.07 73.88 84.39

75.50 76.29 75.09 85.74

75.02 74.80 73.86 84.05

75.31 76.92 75.58 85.16

79.42 83.89 77.60 88.18

79.71 81.18 79.04 90.90

1Q2011 2Q2011*

105.43 118.38

94.49 103.77

90.39 101.09

107.66 119.81

.. ..

100.90 111.60

102.85 113.82

100.03 109.92

102.55 114.85

107.08 122.27

110.14 125.07

Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

84.89 75.16 74.85 75.64 77.15 77.79 82.74 85.33 91.36

84.44 73.62 75.29 76.32 76.62 75.17 81.89 84.20 89.08

82.38 72.28 73.22 74.10 74.45 73.09 79.34 81.09 86.56

87.90 79.76 78.87 79.00 79.77 80.14 85.23 88.16 94.31

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

83.59 76.78 73.99 72.49 74.09 75.12 80.22 83.65 89.05

82.70 73.21 73.13 73.39 75.06 76.82 82.32 84.38 90.59

81.30 71.59 71.67 72.10 73.84 75.65 80.92 82.69 88.62

82.66 73.85 74.36 73.92 75.58 77.24 81.82 84.29 89.41

90.24 82.74 78.87 75.59 77.82 79.49 83.35 85.91 94.86

87.40 78.88 77.32 77.63 78.91 80.65 86.48 89.98 95.96

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011*

96.54 103.76 114.60 123.49 114.55 117.21

89.38 89.57 102.99 109.89 101.22 98.47

86.11 84.06 99.34 106.61 98.55 96.69

97.83 106.21 117.41 126.03 116.44 115.68

.. .. .. .. .. ..

92.52 100.24 108.71 116.00 108.38 109.78

94.90 100.91 111.44 118.93 109.85 112.85

92.61 98.41 107.88 114.96 105.83 109.24

93.87 101.46 111.05 118.94 111.45 114.41

99.93 105.38 114.62 127.19 119.31 119.24

100.37 107.76 120.50 130.29 121.44 122.64

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

* Prices for June 2011 and 2Q2011 are based on prices and volumes through 17 June.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 5

Table 2 - Marine bunker spot prices in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Rotterdam

380 cst Houston

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

76.50 100.92 70.00 88.08 99.92 78.33 83.58 66.84 83.25 96.25 105.42 94.92 67.50 93.58 138.50 117.15 133.75 152.25 155.50 234.50 292.00 344.50 469.79 352.21 448.50

76.17 102.42 70.42 88.17 101.00 72.42 83.58 71.17 80.58 92.75 104.83 98.50 67.92 93.92 137.83 114.10 134.33 161.25 168.67 249.59 302.08 350.75 491.88 361.63 451.54

81.08 101.25 73.83 89.92 109.08 89.34 84.75 74.08 84.75 97.25 108.92 100.75 69.84 100.58 157.42 130.75 148.50 171.67 180.00 262.17 311.71 372.29 504.42 372.29 464.08

80.75 103.75 72.67 91.58 105.50 85.08 88.75 72.92 87.58 99.42 109.92 100.08 71.17 96.33 144.34 124.76 140.42 162.33 169.67 253.33 312.04 364.67 501.83 374.25 467.13

79.08 104.67 72.83 90.75 103.75 76.67 81.92 75.50 84.17 96.08 108.08 102.17 71.50 97.25 142.67 121.33 138.58 165.17 178.75 268.67 316.88 370.12 539.79 376.21 469.17

85.75 104.50 76.92 93.25 114.00 94.17 88.92 77.67 87.67 99.75 113.00 104.92 73.25 104.17 161.92 136.98 153.33 176.67 186.75 272.92 322.00 383.46 524.50 381.21 474.42

136.00 144.83 124.17 144.42 191.17 172.08 162.00 150.42 132.33 141.50 175.25 155.67 112.92 132.42 232.25 188.54 187.42 230.50 314.58 459.08 524.08 570.71 843.50 489.75 ..

158.08 160.58 157.83 166.75 200.83 172.83 163.33 160.67 149.00 149.17 185.75 180.25 135.92 143.50 255.67 226.68 196.50 266.00 331.75 511.75 560.25 607.21 930.46 524.58 686.25

142.25 154.92 138.58 165.67 217.25 200.50 168.67 152.83 141.42 148.58 195.50 176.84 114.75 139.58 249.00 203.58 203.58 240.33 336.08 477.83 569.04 628.83 905.59 518.46 645.42

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

252.17 320.33 360.00 445.50

266.50 332.67 366.00 437.83

295.67 344.17 379.67 469.67

271.17 340.33 380.17 467.00

279.83 346.33 386.33 468.00

307.17 354.67 389.67 482.33

463.83 534.17 577.83 707.00

523.17 569.17 613.00 723.50

520.17 600.67 635.67 758.83

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

450.33 545.17 617.50 266.17

463.50 563.83 652.17 288.00

475.83 577.83 669.17 294.83

474.83 580.83 652.83 298.83

489.67 612.17 728.33 329.00

488.33 605.00 691.00 313.67

792.83 1061.17 977.67 542.33

826.17 1128.17 1111.00 656.50

845.17 1163.83 1063.67 549.67

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

237.00 327.67 403.33 440.83

258.67 335.33 407.67 444.83

257.17 346.50 426.33 459.17

265.17 350.17 421.67 460.00

278.83 347.33 419.83 458.83

270.00 354.50 433.67 466.67

386.17 463.00 527.67 582.17

453.33 471.33 554.17 619.50

409.83 494.33 561.33 608.33

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

449.00 441.83 430.83 472.33

451.33 446.00 433.00 475.83

467.50 460.67 442.33 485.83

466.67 460.17 451.33 490.33

465.83 461.00 454.67 495.17

476.83 471.00 453.17 496.67

600.17 .. .. ..

645.83 669.67 669.67 759.83

627.50 663.83 637.83 652.50

1Q2011 2Q2011*

559.83 635.00

573.33 653.17

595.00 660.67

579.00 658.33

608.17 694.33

607.33 674.50

.. ..

908.17 1013.50

878.33 976.83

Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

468.50 435.00 422.00 422.50 437.50 432.50 458.50 471.50 487.00

468.00 442.00 428.00 429.50 433.50 436.00 462.50 472.00 493.00

483.50 459.00 439.50 439.50 446.50 441.00 467.50 487.00 503.00

487.50 453.50 439.50 443.50 459.00 451.50 476.50 489.50 505.00

481.50 457.00 444.50 447.00 457.00 460.00 483.00 489.50 513.00

494.00 469.50 449.50 450.00 458.00 451.50 477.50 498.50 514.00

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

687.00 668.00 654.00 657.00 665.00 687.00 729.50 755.00 795.00

702.00 654.50 635.00 627.50 644.00 642.00 484.50 714.00 759.00

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011*

510.00 564.50 605.00 648.00 619.50 637.50

514.50 575.50 630.00 662.00 634.00 663.50

536.50 610.50 638.00 674.00 643.00 665.00

527.50 583.50 626.00 671.00 642.00 662.00

544.50 608.50 671.50 706.50 674.00 702.50

546.50 623.00 652.50 688.00 657.00 678.50

.. .. .. .. .. ..

826.50 904.50 993.50 1031.50 996.00 1013.00

800.50 867.50 967.00 1023.00 947.00 960.50

Singapore Rotterdam

180 cst Houston

Marine diesel oil Singapore Rotterdam Houston Singapore

* Prices for June 2011 and 2Q2011 are based on prices and volumes through 17 June.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

6 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 - Oil product spot prices in USD/bbl

NW Europe

Gasoline USA

Jet/Kero USA

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

44.44 40.80 35.70 32.12 32.73 20.45 22.31 21.09 24.90 32.83 28.36 25.10 21.74 19.76 20.77 24.16 24.04 17.55 21.94 36.00 29.82 29.09 35.46 47.94 63.97 74.17 83.35 100.22 69.34 88.05

.. .. .. .. 33.06 18.83 21.70 20.38 23.81 30.26 27.54 24.56 21.59 20.55 22.60 25.82 25.21 17.80 22.76 36.10 31.00 30.33 37.04 49.61 65.65 76.68 86.35 103.11 69.90 87.84

.. .. .. .. .. .. 23.21 19.81 23.63 32.31 28.59 26.59 24.02 21.08 22.14 23.59 24.48 17.12 21.17 32.64 27.43 28.05 34.69 47.23 62.38 73.20 82.82 103.27 70.38 88.41

40.01 38.81 33.23 31.91 32.14 18.95 20.90 18.02 21.59 28.57 26.97 23.75 22.25 19.81 20.46 25.92 23.40 16.18 20.12 34.38 29.16 27.81 33.99 46.83 67.70 77.47 85.45 122.69 68.90 89.28

.. .. .. .. 32.24 18.83 21.94 19.36 23.12 28.72 25.58 24.04 22.04 20.67 20.73 26.37 23.65 16.41 20.53 36.37 29.82 28.56 35.51 46.89 68.22 75.70 85.13 120.22 69.15 89.37

.. .. .. .. 30.31 16.85 21.00 18.42 22.76 29.34 28.18 25.17 23.96 20.84 21.62 27.07 24.17 15.40 19.25 32.58 27.32 27.55 32.31 45.69 64.35 76.79 84.96 120.25 69.13 89.55

Singapore

.. .. .. .. 33.50 20.34 21.93 19.59 23.22 31.86 28.00 24.87 23.27 20.89 21.53 27.01 24.53 17.09 22.04 36.98 30.82 29.25 35.83 50.25 71.18 81.25 89.43 126.66 70.97 91.26

.. .. .. .. 36.19 20.21 22.67 20.85 24.65 31.85 26.68 24.91 23.32 22.16 21.77 27.57 24.58 18.00 21.79 38.05 31.18 29.83 36.29 50.23 71.98 82.03 90.72 127.70 71.33 91.78

.. .. .. .. 33.05 19.91 22.10 19.99 24.08 32.80 28.27 25.44 24.38 21.73 22.77 28.40 24.86 16.31 21.59 34.39 28.32 28.08 32.90 47.49 67.97 80.60 86.77 122.08 70.14 90.18

2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

125.78 119.24 55.64

127.75 123.73 58.73

129.63 119.59 56.70

153.19 142.86 78.50

148.64 137.91 77.26

154.15 139.54 70.48

158.64 147.90 80.26

157.02 147.86 82.57

154.01 142.59 74.98

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

49.10 70.25 76.88 80.76

51.27 69.66 76.39 81.59

54.82 68.84 76.66 80.44

55.20 65.08 73.94 80.91

56.28 64.32 73.13 82.39

53.06 66.35 74.73 81.58

56.47 67.91 75.68 83.39

58.41 66.78 75.79 83.88

55.30 66.74 75.07 82.69

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

86.98 87.76 83.16 94.36

86.82 87.15 82.69 94.75

88.64 87.45 82.49 95.14

83.97 89.05 86.62 97.43

85.73 87.96 85.28 98.45

85.00 89.42 86.27 97.43

86.15 90.82 88.32 99.70

88.07 90.39 88.51 100.07

85.40 89.83 86.74 98.66

1Q2011 2Q2011*

110.45 128.55

110.64 127.77

113.49 126.08

117.69 129.21

118.14 128.69

119.30 131.50

122.65 133.99

124.63 135.04

121.23 132.39

Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

94.75 85.03 83.77 82.93 82.75 83.77 91.11 92.04 100.02

93.11 84.23 84.12 83.78 81.74 82.61 90.07 93.72 100.15

94.06 85.12 83.26 82.42 82.52 82.55 89.71 93.21 102.09

94.53 85.96 86.74 84.70 86.35 88.80 94.83 96.30 101.21

92.79 85.69 85.41 83.14 84.83 87.90 94.21 97.29 103.55

94.77 87.91 85.67 84.69 87.14 87.04 92.86 96.52 102.61

95.67 88.23 88.64 86.68 88.56 89.73 95.86 98.57 104.73

95.13 88.03 88.02 86.30 88.71 90.51 95.46 99.07 105.38

94.82 88.12 86.64 85.32 87.16 87.81 94.30 97.87 103.53

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011*

103.28 107.93 118.88 132.81 128.05 123.42

102.85 106.56 120.79 133.13 126.78 121.11

106.38 111.84 120.97 129.97 124.82 122.03

106.61 115.89 128.90 135.69 124.04 128.19

109.37 116.14 127.41 134.20 124.00 127.81

108.19 117.46 130.41 138.01 126.61 128.99

111.45 121.08 133.75 140.00 129.52 132.54

112.08 121.19 138.39 139.47 132.34 132.59

109.89 120.18 131.92 138.69 127.76 129.81

Singapore NW Europe

Gasoil USA

Singapore NW Europe

* Prices for June 2011 and 2Q2011 are based on prices and volumes through 17 June.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 7

Table 3 (cont.) - Oil product spot prices in USD/bbl

Naphtha NW Europe Singapore 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

NW Europe

LSFO USA

Singapore

NW Europe

HSFO USA

Singapore

.. .. .. .. 27.24 14.13 17.83 15.62 17.92 24.90 23.23 20.56 18.05 16.96 17.79 21.25 20.97 14.33 18.34 29.09 23.69 24.23 29.99 41.47 52.45 62.23 74.40 87.42 58.91 78.71

.. .. .. .. 26.98 13.73 17.15 14.96 16.98 23.71 22.84 20.27 17.16 16.36 17.54 20.26 21.85 14.77 19.54 28.38 23.75 24.93 29.93 40.74 51.12 61.85 75.03 89.36 60.96 79.24

.. .. .. .. 25.25 13.72 17.24 12.81 16.15 18.27 14.48 14.54 13.72 14.29 16.04 17.86 15.78 11.96 15.05 23.74 19.52 21.81 25.79 25.02 39.18 45.51 53.42 82.28 55.89 72.97

.. .. .. .. .. 14.50 18.09 14.22 17.31 19.95 15.02 15.33 14.64 15.02 16.10 19.24 16.91 12.33 15.51 25.05 20.70 22.55 27.46 27.96 41.64 46.05 54.07 76.57 56.06 72.24

.. .. .. .. 23.69 11.95 17.18 13.54 16.61 21.88 15.13 14.77 14.79 13.59 14.77 16.26 16.87 10.95 15.61 25.83 21.83 23.80 28.11 32.86 45.08 50.61 58.27 88.34 53.31 73.22

29.08 26.08 25.92 28.28 23.87 11.53 15.51 10.77 13.71 15.63 12.19 12.85 10.13 12.94 14.70 16.20 14.52 10.12 14.37 21.42 17.79 20.65 23.37 23.91 36.21 45.18 53.39 72.42 54.44 69.66

.. .. .. .. 23.71 12.55 16.46 11.68 14.67 16.29 11.41 12.34 11.21 12.24 14.52 16.03 15.24 10.24 13.99 20.68 17.36 20.99 24.41 25.07 36.26 45.09 54.06 73.64 55.23 70.58

.. .. .. .. 24.28 11.29 15.36 11.04 13.62 16.30 13.28 12.86 11.00 12.66 14.62 16.28 15.45 10.34 15.60 24.21 20.39 22.95 26.25 27.87 40.40 48.60 58.11 79.12 58.43 73.23

2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

109.76 106.55 40.69

113.68 108.86 37.30

96.00 104.52 50.16

90.97 96.45 45.10

112.33 109.98 44.75

84.48 95.51 39.74

85.10 96.20 42.14

90.81 103.44 44.84

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

42.07 54.33 65.75 72.93

45.40 56.60 66.52 74.51

36.36 51.74 64.15 70.67

37.58 52.60 62.97 70.39

35.28 48.15 63.64 65.25

35.98 50.76 62.25 68.20

37.00 51.03 62.68 69.50

39.45 54.56 66.39 72.37

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

78.38 76.34 72.52 87.58

79.28 77.58 72.08 88.12

72.34 72.32 71.67 75.54

70.99 71.29 70.93 75.75

70.10 69.39 73.16 80.12

69.71 68.39 67.04 73.49

70.78 69.24 68.39 73.96

73.68 72.57 69.88 76.86

1Q2011 2Q2011*

100.55 110.65

100.74 109.96

92.00 105.93

90.82 104.50

97.60 108.74

87.93 98.82

89.04 101.42

93.13 103.66

Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

81.37 75.20 72.76 69.28 73.24 75.07 83.41 86.32 93.09

83.13 77.43 72.42 68.57 73.31 74.52 82.97 87.26 93.83

77.09 70.51 69.55 71.64 72.86 70.58 74.15 75.56 76.92

76.41 69.64 67.89 69.49 71.55 71.71 73.55 75.82 77.79

72.78 68.40 67.05 73.40 74.75 71.33 75.37 78.22 86.37

72.73 66.91 65.72 65.81 68.08 67.28 71.37 73.51 75.59

73.91 67.15 66.69 67.11 68.55 69.51 72.01 73.52 76.23

76.56 72.09 69.21 69.36 70.49 69.83 74.01 76.84 79.60

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011*

94.46 97.45 108.53 116.44 109.08 105.05

95.16 97.87 107.83 115.38 108.34 104.13

80.76 90.37 103.18 111.03 101.40 105.82

78.88 90.09 101.81 107.59 100.17 106.72

89.86 98.76 103.40 113.08 104.16 109.12

79.89 88.16 94.72 101.04 96.36 99.54

79.11 88.73 97.92 104.44 97.28 103.47

83.90 94.50 100.08 106.24 100.87 103.97

* Prices for June 2011 and 2Q2011 are based on prices and volumes through 17 June.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

8 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 4 - Crude oil import costs in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) IEA 1

IEA Europe 1 Australia

Austria

Belgium

Canada

France

Germany

Greece

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

32.83 36.25 33.86 29.90 29.00 27.56 14.93 17.95 14.86 17.47 22.16 19.30 18.49 16.37 15.66 17.19 20.52 19.11 12.52 17.26 28.00 23.65 24.19 28.38 36.38 50.67 61.80 69.33 97.19 60.40 78.13

32.50 36.30 33.62 29.93 29.02 27.75 14.36 18.06 14.89 17.68 22.66 19.53 18.54 16.14 15.63 17.06 20.67 18.88 12.30 17.32 27.89 23.92 24.30 28.39 36.53 51.74 62.77 70.81 96.83 61.09 79.05

31.81 35.88 35.42 30.88 29.19 28.17 14.49 19.00 15.93 17.63 24.21 20.70 20.16 17.91 16.76 18.53 21.81 21.78 14.60 18.38 30.79 26.61 25.80 31.24 40.93 56.71 66.71 77.13 107.83 63.40 82.60

33.66 37.80 33.49 30.66 29.66 28.74 16.28 18.81 16.21 19.10 24.58 22.55 20.35 18.02 16.99 18.78 22.06 21.31 14.34 17.54 29.39 25.32 24.64 29.59 38.21 53.15 64.44 71.86 103.05 60.69 80.00

29.93 33.86 33.58 29.80 28.99 27.47 14.19 17.78 14.85 17.30 21.11 19.36 18.13 15.84 15.41 16.94 20.53 18.65 11.97 17.33 27.87 24.20 24.35 27.72 35.35 50.06 61.06 70.35 96.01 61.77 79.65

30.21 35.28 33.29 29.49 28.75 27.85 16.00 18.59 15.48 18.56 24.15 20.83 19.46 17.19 16.30 17.76 21.26 20.59 13.15 17.85 29.10 24.87 24.97 29.53 38.13 52.37 64.33 70.04 101.41 60.29 79.14

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18.94 16.05 15.76 17.14 20.82 18.99 12.43 17.45 28.18 24.13 24.63 28.87 37.61 52.74 63.69 72.22 97.63 61.64 79.78

33.96 37.09 34.02 30.23 29.31 27.93 14.88 18.32 15.26 18.23 23.17 20.36 19.13 16.88 15.81 17.07 20.68 19.01 12.48 17.51 28.09 24.15 24.40 28.44 36.65 52.30 63.29 71.60 96.70 61.18 78.49

31.81 36.50 34.64 30.03 29.11 27.98 12.82 17.85 14.54 17.13 22.42 18.39 17.63 15.09 15.17 16.54 20.08 18.45 11.66 16.64 26.95 23.22 24.08 27.17 34.53 50.33 60.97 69.93 93.60 60.10 78.97

42.70 56.90 68.36 74.35

43.68 57.84 68.46 74.71

47.83 56.24 72.79 81.22

c c c c

43.73 58.81 68.71 75.36

42.36 56.27 68.89 74.22

44.66 58.94 69.20 75.13

44.24 57.90 68.55 74.69

c c c c

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.39 77.47 75.24 83.37

76.55 77.25 76.46 85.71

79.28 82.71 80.31 87.99

c c c c

77.69 75.11 77.40 87.70

77.04 79.23 76.49 84.39

77.21 78.49 77.50 87.10

76.58 76.49 75.61 84.69

c c c c

1Q2011

98.99

103.29

104.79

c

108.41

100.17

104.39

102.29

c

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

76.31 75.19 77.53 81.31 76.99 74.02 74.46 75.54 75.77 79.29 82.77 87.71

76.46 74.41 78.53 82.23 75.52 73.84 74.99 76.93 77.55 81.97 84.73 90.05

79.75 78.05 79.94 85.73 85.31 77.56 80.07 80.13 80.80 84.52 88.18 91.01

c c c c c c c c c c c c

74.74 76.21 81.86 77.26 73.25 74.82 75.99 76.46 79.56 83.56 87.61 91.75

76.56 76.10 78.39 81.39 81.57 73.44 75.92 77.32 76.06 80.47 84.14 88.04

76.98 74.96 79.00 83.19 77.11 74.61 75.78 78.11 78.58 83.34 85.44 91.16

76.76 74.30 78.69 81.52 73.87 73.83 74.20 76.06 76.68 81.11 83.43 89.25

c c c c c c c c c c c c

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

92.71 97.51 107.00

95.91 102.07 112.78

98.18 101.49 113.93

c c c

99.49 109.36 117.60

94.06 97.87 107.87

97.10 103.66 114.05

93.99 101.33 113.08

c c c

1. Computed across the countries of the region using import volumes as current weights. Poland is included since January 2008; the Slovak Republic is included since January 2007; Korea and the Czech Republic are included since January 2001; Hungary is not included. For reasons of confidentiality, data for some countries are not listed separately.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 9

Table 4 (cont.) - Crude oil import costs in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) Italy

Japan

Korea

Netherlands

New Zealand

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

United States

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

31.84 36.19 33.07 29.49 28.63 27.38 13.83 17.78 14.86 17.48 23.23 19.14 18.30 15.87 15.49 16.90 20.53 18.88 12.21 17.10 27.77 23.87 24.34 28.58 36.60 51.33 62.50 70.20 96.67 60.69 79.29

33.11 35.92 34.57 30.47 29.35 27.90 16.08 17.99 15.47 16.91 22.64 20.14 19.30 17.47 16.48 18.02 20.55 20.55 13.68 17.38 28.72 25.01 24.96 29.26 36.59 51.57 64.03 70.09 100.98 61.29 79.43

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.32 20.11 20.34 13.72 16.91 28.22 24.87 24.12 28.80 36.15 50.19 62.82 70.01 98.11 61.12 78.72

32.80 36.49 33.84 30.10 28.80 27.62 14.38 17.60 14.58 17.56 21.83 18.86 18.13 15.53 15.20 16.92 20.39 18.37 11.98 16.97 27.59 23.48 23.99 27.67 35.02 50.00 61.47 68.74 97.89 60.54 78.55

32.77 37.42 36.71 31.14 29.15 27.66 16.94 17.91 15.25 17.29 21.97 20.57 19.41 17.32 16.93 18.73 21.86 21.65 14.63 18.16 29.95 26.14 25.89 31.00 41.71 56.07 67.36 73.84 105.80 65.85 80.62

32.25 35.94 32.84 29.13 28.71 27.15 13.87 18.29 14.42 17.22 21.88 18.50 17.31 15.13 15.24 16.96 20.45 18.34 11.80 16.99 27.16 23.32 23.95 28.13 36.03 50.54 60.99 68.66 94.86 59.78 77.84

32.22 35.70 33.63 29.77 28.97 27.51 14.67 18.00 14.73 18.05 23.02 20.19 18.98 16.60 15.81 17.23 20.86 18.90 12.61 17.68 28.13 24.03 23.86 28.60 36.47 51.78 62.50 70.13 95.09 60.58 79.00

31.22 35.24 33.73 30.01 28.70 27.63 14.07 18.05 14.92 17.60 22.92 20.06 19.07 16.58 15.83 17.29 21.08 19.32 12.64 18.01 28.45 24.45 24.58 29.13 37.75 53.79 65.00 73.80 99.34 62.39 80.60

33.39 36.69 33.39 29.19 28.60 26.78 14.71 17.73 14.33 17.50 21.07 18.23 17.73 15.87 15.06 16.74 20.16 18.34 12.02 17.06 27.54 22.07 23.52 27.66 35.86 48.82 59.15 66.77 94.97 58.83 76.02

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

42.80 56.96 68.42 74.33

44.23 55.07 70.84 75.63

43.64 56.91 69.87 75.43

43.00 56.84 67.39 74.55

51.05 55.32 72.41 77.07

42.83 56.97 67.54 74.19

44.23 57.28 69.17 74.69

44.57 59.01 69.34 75.50

40.38 56.52 66.61 72.78

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.53 77.64 76.51 85.96

77.81 80.94 75.44 83.37

77.05 80.12 74.82 82.66

76.47 77.76 75.77 84.31

78.47 81.95 78.40 84.04

74.89 75.89 75.35 84.71

76.13 76.84 76.95 86.47

77.81 78.88 78.46 87.37

75.18 75.40 73.46 80.27

1Q2011

103.26

98.52

99.38

100.12

101.04

101.32

103.69

105.87

93.36

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

76.88 74.32 78.36 83.00 76.65 73.56 75.06 77.31 77.16 82.99 83.96 90.29

78.01 78.51 77.02 81.49 83.30 77.67 75.50 74.75 76.13 78.40 83.23 87.61

77.62 76.55 76.92 82.11 81.64 76.61 74.92 74.31 75.22 78.61 82.55 86.66

76.67 73.97 78.57 82.83 76.51 73.59 74.37 76.38 77.01 80.45 83.45 89.08

79.14 78.89 77.44 82.02 87.17 77.73 c 78.17 78.96 78.33 81.78 90.76

74.65 73.40 76.24 80.52 74.93 72.26 74.54 75.75 75.90 80.88 83.95 89.05

76.19 74.18 77.88 82.97 73.78 73.64 76.02 c 78.06 82.38 86.24 90.56

77.51 75.64 80.03 85.03 76.23 75.30 76.79 79.18 78.98 84.03 86.36 91.62

74.66 74.16 76.56 79.72 74.41 72.26 72.91 74.10 73.34 76.15 79.76 84.71

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

96.65 101.39 112.19

93.01 97.33 105.46

92.43 98.32 106.33

94.01 97.63 109.14

96.03 98.41 106.51

94.52 99.66 112.05

96.55 101.64 c

99.18 104.85 114.67

88.26 91.32 100.62

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

10 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 - IEA crude oil import costs by type of crude in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) Abu Dhabi1 Murban 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Algeria1 Abu Dhabi Upper Zakum Saharan Blend

Canada Heavy

Canada Light Sweet

Iran Heavy

Iran Light

Iraq Basrah Light

33.30 38.96 36.26 31.87 30.58 28.93 16.02 18.72 14.84 17.50 23.84 21.04 20.23 18.29 17.38 18.62 21.50 21.69 14.38 17.19 29.54 26.22 25.22 29.77 38.13 54.81 66.61 73.22 103.90 63.16 80.32

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.88 17.42 19.58 19.81 13.32 17.08 28.18 24.62 24.52 28.38 35.45 49.49 62.16 67.58 99.80 60.88 78.68

37.37 40.39 35.24 31.42 29.81 28.66 15.03 18.97 15.96 19.27 24.65 22.15 20.92 18.46 16.97 18.20 22.26 20.61 14.02 18.80 29.70 25.83 25.47 30.07 40.32 55.85 67.38 74.55 103.02 62.46 80.82

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.64 15.50 18.64 16.10 10.28 16.11 23.78 17.22 20.98 24.37 30.77 38.90 47.85 52.76 83.30 52.74 67.83

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.88 17.73 21.42 19.98 13.52 18.99 29.43 25.05 25.29 29.56 38.25 52.05 60.58 67.99 99.47 62.23 78.96

32.99 38.13 31.24 29.20 28.64 27.24 15.05 17.98 14.34 16.77 20.48 17.87 17.51 15.20 14.92 16.63 19.55 18.26 11.64 16.01 26.95 23.37 23.70 27.20 33.74 47.30 60.04 67.08 96.63 60.46 77.36

34.68 38.61 32.91 30.21 29.11 27.80 14.99 18.32 14.79 17.14 22.80 19.58 18.56 16.18 15.59 16.91 19.89 19.02 12.12 16.25 27.19 23.83 23.94 27.82 35.12 49.41 62.07 67.33 95.46 60.19 78.10

31.35 36.65 34.91 32.89 29.39 27.99 16.02 18.20 14.65 17.15 17.92 x x x x x x 18.01 11.59 17.33 27.61 21.05 22.24 27.64 34.78 47.50 58.93 67.00 95.38 59.71 77.26

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

46.36 57.30 71.64 76.47

43.66 55.07 69.88 74.83

46.18 59.29 69.82 76.34

33.97 51.67 60.55 66.08

41.63 57.13 67.79 75.19

41.02 56.19 69.13 74.58

42.92 56.06 70.19 75.71

40.66 55.60 68.50 74.19

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

78.69 82.37 76.50 83.93

76.99 80.50 74.67 82.98

78.41 80.05 78.41 87.81

70.22 67.96 64.81 68.21

78.01 78.53 76.13 83.43

76.17 77.86 74.01 82.78

76.10 78.04 75.51 85.90

77.03 77.24 73.94 80.38

1Q2011

100.26

98.12

103.30

75.08

95.02

99.29

103.12

95.74

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

78.51 79.08 78.58 82.34 84.91 79.93 77.18 75.65 76.58 78.68 83.75 88.51

77.01 78.08 76.31 79.96 82.84 77.56 74.72 74.10 75.12 78.89 81.95 86.39

79.56 75.50 80.17 85.24 79.01 76.26 77.13 79.02 79.16 83.02 88.24 91.91

67.75 70.30 72.31 74.44 66.82 63.24 66.35 65.61 61.70 62.62 67.77 74.85

75.67 77.72 80.27 83.87 78.02 74.14 75.79 76.51 76.15 78.06 83.19 88.13

77.00 76.56 75.34 80.14 82.44 73.24 72.93 74.28 75.07 79.39 82.41 86.22

76.64 74.52 77.03 81.31 78.88 73.84 74.16 75.90 77.51 82.48 85.36 88.62

76.42 77.02 77.74 79.39 79.28 74.11 73.50 74.44 73.79 77.54 79.82 83.91

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

95.20 98.71 106.36

92.52 95.04 104.80

97.88 106.33 112.77

75.27 72.61 77.37

90.63 92.08 102.51

95.09 95.64 105.43

95.34 98.18 112.30

89.76 94.93 101.90

1. Prior to January 1994, Abu Dhabi Murban refers to average Abu Dhabi; Algeria Saharan Blend refers to average Algeria.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 11

Table 5 (cont.) - IEA crude oil import costs by type of crude in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) Kuwait Blend

Libya1 Medium

33.03 37.67 35.46 31.06 29.21 27.86 13.96 17.96 14.59 17.52 17.46 x x x x x 22.84 18.41 11.50 16.42 27.06 22.56 23.26 29.01 35.84 51.54 63.50 81.03 100.59 59.56 77.74

31.57 37.84 34.40 28.93 28.65 28.36 14.05 17.55 14.06 16.49 17.23 18.23 17.38 14.51 14.48 16.76 19.66 18.28 11.72 16.49 27.15 22.83 23.46 27.39 34.16 47.89 59.89 66.43 92.91 59.86 77.36

36.80 40.50 33.80 30.28 29.37 28.29 14.07 18.40 15.47 18.27 23.69 20.08 19.18 16.92 15.77 17.36 21.33 19.45 12.96 17.86 28.98 24.78 24.81 29.24 38.87 53.42 64.95 73.19 97.18 60.97 78.32

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.01 17.45 20.99 19.57 13.07 17.98 28.91 25.33 25.37 29.64 39.18 54.82 65.65 73.38 100.87 62.60 81.05

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

39.46 55.40 66.39 74.11

41.80 56.15 68.54 75.09

43.92 57.77 68.54 74.90

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.11 76.23 75.71 83.60

76.40 78.66 73.58 80.46

Iraq Kirkuk 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Mexico Olmeca

Nigeria Medium

Nigeria1 Light

.. .. 25.91 24.74 25.97 24.73 13.05 15.92 12.24 14.89 17.78 13.83 13.60 12.13 12.93 14.97 17.73 15.56 9.33 14.43 23.82 17.91 21.23 24.79 30.91 41.33 52.19 60.77 85.45 56.08 70.91

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.50 17.78 21.83 20.13 13.65 17.89 29.59 24.62 24.38 31.03 42.91 60.39 62.83 74.22 101.00 59.11 85.42

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.99 18.06 21.70 20.95 14.33 15.98 30.03 25.87 25.33 30.97 40.10 55.34 66.14 77.67 106.41 65.34 82.06

36.42 39.86 36.28 31.21 30.18 28.82 15.97 19.09 16.11 19.08 24.38 22.08 20.71 18.62 17.02 18.20 22.03 20.94 14.18 17.99 30.31 26.26 25.89 30.93 40.56 56.77 68.68 75.13 104.21 65.72 82.35

45.58 60.06 69.82 74.78

38.69 54.84 63.94 70.06

45.56 .. 65.49 ..

47.35 61.50 70.69 77.70

47.20 60.52 71.28 77.44

76.95 76.96 75.32 84.00

77.39 79.12 78.15 87.64

70.63 68.81 68.34 76.07

78.24 .. .. 85.59

79.61 80.87 80.04 87.77

79.68 81.42 79.44 87.73

Libya Light

Mexico Maya

1Q2011

98.46

98.23

99.70

101.94

89.82

103.15

104.57

105.08

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

76.49 73.87 77.78 81.74 74.64 72.19 74.97 75.86 76.31 79.07 82.62 89.14

77.02 77.16 75.64 79.95 79.89 75.70 72.87 73.36 74.39 76.70 80.37 84.79

76.35 75.23 79.10 82.02 74.95 74.33 74.55 75.55 76.05 80.06 82.46 88.68

76.74 75.59 79.53 85.34 76.13 75.75 77.30 78.54 78.85 83.47 86.61 92.00

71.37 68.71 71.47 73.12 67.40 65.76 67.63 68.58 68.81 73.52 75.73 79.28

78.24 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81.29 .. 89.26

80.10 78.10 81.50 84.93 80.81 76.88 79.67 81.58 78.55 83.90 86.80 91.81

79.42 77.28 81.81 84.94 82.89 76.80 78.96 80.03 79.24 83.96 87.27 91.53

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

93.48 96.82 104.60

90.92 98.10 104.86

95.04 100.72 111.52

97.01 103.51 110.04

82.99 87.57 99.40

93.37 .. 111.28

98.15 102.22 114.25

97.75 104.97 116.20

1. Prior to January 1994, Libya Medium refers to average Libya; Nigeria Light refers to Nigeria.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

12 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 (cont.) - IEA crude oil import costs by type of crude in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) Norway Ekofisk

Norway Gullfaks

Norway Oseberg

Norway Statfjord

Oman

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Medium Light Heavy

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.12 17.62 21.36 19.71 13.25 17.65 28.91 24.35 25.21 29.82 38.50 55.08 65.72 72.73 98.31 62.50 81.15

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.64 17.73 21.10 20.12 13.34 18.03 29.30 25.40 24.96 30.14 39.23 54.52 67.02 75.37 103.80 62.47 81.85

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.42 17.80 21.56 20.20 13.46 18.26 29.18 25.10 25.25 29.88 38.35 55.88 66.15 74.53 99.39 62.82 80.59

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.36 17.57 21.49 20.01 13.36 18.10 29.02 24.94 25.36 29.85 39.01 55.04 66.43 73.81 102.61 61.65 82.00

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.83 22.41 19.78 19.13 17.10 16.22 17.67 20.49 20.53 13.50 17.21 30.61 24.64 24.59 28.99 35.69 51.22 62.57 68.78 101.23 63.08 78.99

28.89 33.49 32.45 28.22 27.54 27.41 13.13 17.20 14.26 15.91 22.86 15.99 15.95 14.11 13.98 16.16 19.12 16.77 10.44 15.74 25.94 21.91 23.59 26.20 33.37 46.36 56.94 64.09 93.72 56.21 76.64

28.91 33.60 33.70 29.35 28.67 28.30 13.29 17.58 14.03 16.53 21.78 17.23 17.13 15.13 14.56 16.53 19.72 17.81 11.49 16.74 26.36 21.42 23.56 27.23 35.47 48.39 59.40 67.79 94.40 60.31 77.62

29.55 34.28 35.35 31.64 29.89 28.53 14.51 18.05 14.98 17.43 22.96 19.09 18.52 16.28 15.53 17.13 20.37 18.67 12.28 16.96 27.36 23.54 24.06 27.96 36.40 51.26 62.03 70.10 97.23 61.50 79.09

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

45.99 59.96 69.30 75.76

47.52 57.82 69.21 76.70

46.26 58.10 70.47 75.10

46.52 60.70 69.41 75.53

46.05 56.17 68.14 74.64

39.37 55.21 68.90 74.13

41.55 58.38 68.35 74.60

43.36 57.88 69.69 75.33

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

77.59 81.39 78.43 87.71

79.99 77.75 78.90 88.94

77.70 79.46 79.06 87.64

78.61 80.04 80.00 89.09

77.47 79.99 76.81 81.41

75.91 78.45 72.73 80.44

76.16 78.37 74.04 81.41

76.94 78.96 75.92 84.45

1Q2011

106.53

107.89

107.50

108.11

94.33

94.56

97.26

101.26

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

77.83 75.03 79.72 84.64 79.35 77.59 77.03 78.99 79.45 83.97 86.18 92.65

80.76 77.46 82.03 87.62 76.15 76.32 77.78 78.56 80.24 84.75 86.94 92.99

78.13 74.99 79.99 84.78 79.45 75.11 76.85 80.60 79.28 85.32 87.43 90.43

77.15 75.77 81.48 84.99 78.00 75.73 78.46 82.16 79.92 84.79 88.41 93.53

77.41 78.42 76.29 79.88 82.62 77.99 78.08 76.50 75.64 77.28 81.82 85.23

76.91 75.99 75.08 79.94 80.94 74.62 72.66 72.20 73.30 76.16 80.12 84.63

76.12 76.18 76.18 80.92 78.83 75.45 74.01 73.43 74.65 77.17 81.35 85.72

76.17 76.33 78.10 81.34 79.14 75.92 74.92 75.80 76.94 80.18 84.13 88.55

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

99.09 106.71 116.23

101.49 105.68 116.71

98.64 108.33 116.94

98.86 106.63 117.06

90.11 94.09 100.54

88.89 93.94 101.47

90.36 96.52 104.36

93.81 100.58 109.25

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 13

Table 5 (cont.) - IEA crude oil import costs by type of crude in USD/bbl (average unit value, CIF) Saudi Arabia Extra Light 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Syria Light

UK Brent Blend

UK Forties

Urals1

Venezuela Extra Heavy

Venezuela Medium

Venezuela Light

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.33 17.75 21.05 20.29 13.27 17.87 28.94 24.91 24.66 29.04 37.79 53.23 65.73 73.09 103.62 62.03 80.47

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.06 17.40 21.12 19.26 12.49 17.73 27.69 24.30 24.93 29.44 37.22 53.04 65.35 72.81 93.25 59.11 77.15

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.54 17.86 21.25 20.90 13.59 18.09 29.23 26.12 26.41 30.57 39.85 55.19 65.48 74.36 104.19 61.39 81.38

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.54 17.40 21.41 20.04 13.42 18.66 29.13 25.83 25.33 30.55 39.31 54.93 65.96 72.46 100.08 62.35 80.02

34.58 36.49 32.11 29.21 28.61 26.87 12.55 17.86 14.44 17.39 20.56 19.40 18.27 15.46 15.65 17.12 20.20 18.59 12.04 16.74 26.73 23.27 24.02 27.59 34.52 50.36 61.59 68.71 96.29 61.09 78.20

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.32 14.13 16.50 14.53 8.17 13.16 23.02 17.58 19.27 22.28 29.75 41.02 50.62 57.54 83.41 57.22 70.45

29.52 33.88 34.23 30.67 28.37 27.79 12.82 16.17 13.58 17.02 22.22 17.62 16.22 14.01 13.45 15.13 18.42 16.96 10.92 15.29 26.63 21.00 21.51 25.94 35.65 49.82 59.38 67.59 98.47 54.62 73.26

31.98 37.59 36.10 34.55 31.10 30.74 15.55 18.16 15.47 18.16 22.72 19.36 17.36 14.89 14.70 15.58 20.16 18.61 12.66 17.33 29.49 23.86 24.76 28.77 38.53 54.09 64.75 74.65 99.98 54.99 79.44

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

45.11 57.08 71.53 75.61

41.27 57.01 62.14 75.18

44.96 62.05 70.47 75.63

44.87 60.91 69.09 75.52

42.94 57.32 67.98 73.97

37.72 54.15 63.71 67.43

40.89 54.58 65.28 69.07

44.26 58.13 65.30 76.05

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

78.63 81.70 76.62 83.99

77.26 75.13 74.71 84.97

78.56 80.02 78.62 88.58

77.56 78.97 77.87 87.39

75.84 75.99 76.27 85.33

70.12 69.11 67.99 75.26

73.59 70.42 72.66 77.14

75.55 76.07 79.95 84.29

1Q2011

100.10

105.74

105.32

102.78

102.84

89.94

93.74

96.96

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

78.80 79.19 77.94 82.21 84.42 78.63 76.81 76.18 77.07 79.17 83.38 88.86

79.27 71.33 78.90 84.47 74.37 74.05 73.85 77.08 .. 83.49 83.16 96.16

78.18 76.15 80.08 85.59 77.92 75.67 77.50 79.34 80.00 84.65 87.38 93.11

76.68 76.81 79.39 83.43 77.18 76.37 76.69 78.84 78.15 83.58 85.92 92.83

76.09 73.45 77.61 80.41 73.80 73.38 75.18 75.64 77.97 81.17 84.53 89.45

71.20 68.93 70.32 72.90 67.90 65.81 67.19 68.79 68.05 72.02 74.76 78.94

72.29 72.63 75.01 79.86 71.24 68.59 71.58 74.51 72.93 73.50 79.32 79.26

75.55 .. .. .. 76.34 75.70 .. 79.95 .. .. 84.29 ..

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

93.83 99.71 107.47

.. 102.10 109.79

97.99 105.31 114.02

96.54 103.05 112.37

94.62 101.74 111.53

81.16 85.79 98.29

81.64 94.90 103.83

96.96 .. ..

1. Prior to January 1994, Urals refers to USSR.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

14 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 6 - Selected natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu

Austria Origin

1

Belgium 12

Czech Republic 1

Germany

Greece

1

Ireland

Italy Russian

Average

Algeria

Federation

Average1

.. 4.40 5.90 8.14 8.28 11.97 9.68 9.62

.. 3.81 .. .. 7.57 8.19 6.08 6.36

.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.51 9.14

.. .. .. .. .. .. 10.02 10.32

.. .. .. .. .. .. 9.05 8.66

6.93 7.36 7.72 .. 8.75 8.59

7.83 7.57 8.29 8.14 8.87 8.79

5.88 7.15 6.36 6.83 8.83 9.18

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

9.66 10.25 10.83 11.31 11.63 12.16 12.93 12.59 12.20 11.99 11.74 11.84

6.71 10.25 10.25 10.25 11.14 .. .. 13.16 12.80 12.26 14.79 14.26

8.94 10.31 10.66 10.56 11.68 11.60 12.03 13.16 13.39 13.04 15.17 15.13

8.88 6.36 4.02 9.85 10.21 10.27 9.34 9.62 9.94 9.96 9.38 8.39

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.31 10.36 10.84 10.63 9.33 8.56 7.86 7.32 7.25 7.07 6.87 7.19

11.61 10.89 10.27 8.62 8.22 8.04 7.22 7.04 7.21 7.55 7.84 7.83

15.25 11.04 11.52 11.19 6.43 6.56 6.53 6.77 6.71 6.74 8.45 8.23

13.42 13.22 14.02 13.50 10.90 9.56 9.71 7.50 7.68 7.60 8.07 7.54

8.47 8.15 7.34 5.83 5.79 6.01 5.37 4.83 4.31 4.97 5.44 5.70

13.58 9.13 9.51 9.42 6.39 6.52 6.37 6.63 7.21 7.39 8.38 7.92

14.00 12.45 11.68 11.80 11.05 9.59 8.25 7.18 9.20 8.58 8.97 8.82

12.92 10.12 10.17 9.82 8.41 8.36 7.51 7.21 7.88 7.89 8.24 8.00

Federation

Average

Average

Average

Average

4.06 4.48 5.90 7.79 7.94 11.91 8.35 ..

.. 4.27 .. .. 6.26 10.70 4.99 6.59

.. .. .. .. 7.89 11.57 8.67 8.74

4.03 4.40 5.86 7.83 8.07 11.50 8.47 8.05

.. 2.94 .. .. .. .. 8.31 9.90

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

7.66 8.07 8.20 8.89 9.32 9.63

5.99 5.83 7.02 8.43 10.09 10.27

7.35 7.81 8.06 8.39 8.73 8.76

7.69 7.65 7.87 8.22 8.89 9.06

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

10.39 10.72 11.51 11.77 12.00 12.63 13.18 13.29 13.15 12.16 11.10 11.26

10.47 10.01 10.93 12.26 11.56 12.28 12.18 10.54 12.83 9.66 8.91 8.50

9.02 9.88 10.73 10.75 11.05 11.80 13.46 12.70 12.87 12.81 12.50 13.49

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

9.85 8.07 7.69 7.23 7.50 7.58 8.08 8.32 8.66 9.00 9.33 9.10

8.82 7.14 4.61 4.37 4.31 4.36 3.79 3.64 3.65 4.03 4.39 4.83

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Hungary

Russian Average1

1

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.00 5.50 4.73 5.05 5.75 6.32 7.21 6.73 7.16 7.60 7.74 9.41

7.33 7.73 8.05 8.74 8.34 8.55 9.73 9.94 9.48 10.28 9.95 9.29

7.76 7.66 7.72 7.61 7.30 7.27 7.86 7.89 8.10 9.05 9.20 8.91

8.45 9.35 9.55 9.71 10.38 10.05 10.68 10.38 10.47 10.59 10.08 10.05

8.13 8.87 9.28 9.08 10.15 9.85 10.20 10.34 10.27 10.91 10.52 10.29

6.73 5.40 5.63 5.33 5.48 5.84 6.41 6.43 5.88 6.62 7.43 8.31

7.93 8.47 8.59 8.62 8.84 8.93 9.78 10.04 10.32 10.02 9.81 9.32

9.14 10.28 10.33 11.06 11.09 10.67 11.90 11.56 9.49 10.68 10.37 9.94

8.16 8.56 8.54 8.47 8.34 8.10 8.83 9.04 8.84 9.29 9.10 8.71

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

.. .. ..

8.82 8.64 ..

10.61 10.69 ..

9.44 9.73 10.10

10.44 10.71 ..

10.17 11.20 ..

7.97 .. ..

9.33 10.36 ..

10.60 11.08 ..

8.85 10.78 ..

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. 2. Import prices for Belgium are calculated based on both pipeline gas and LNG.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 15

Table 6 (cont.) - Selected natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu

Netherlands Origin

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Portugal 1

Spain

Slovak Republic 1

Sweden

UK

EU Member States Average1

UK

Average1

Average

Average

Norway

Algeria

Average1

Denmark

Norway

3.41 3.34 4.70 .. .. .. .. ..

3.57 3.90 5.15 7.93 .. .. .. ..

4.34 4.40 5.95 7.43 7.80 10.92 .. 8.52

.. 3.95 5.54 7.84 7.84 11.65 .. 9.47

5.75 6.10 5.52 7.54 7.76 .. 8.20 7.29

3.66 3.93 5.17 .. 7.14 9.44 7.23 7.52

4.28 4.37 4.19 7.10 7.25 9.60 7.41 7.49

3.96 4.13 6.09 8.39 8.08 12.16 8.49 9.25

.. 3.20 5.40 7.48 5.18 9.17 4.90 4.70

3.91 4.20 5.55 7.40 7.13 10.56 7.57 7.61

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

7.95 7.80 7.66 8.41 8.29 8.48

7.43 7.42 7.32 8.21 8.53 8.64

7.25 7.29 7.44 7.62 8.86 8.65

6.67 6.71 7.09 6.93 7.96 7.80

6.78 6.82 7.16 7.03 8.13 7.92

7.66 8.60 8.60 8.92 9.74 10.22

4.70 3.97 5.18 4.51 5.92 7.39

6.87 6.90 7.22 7.75 8.70 8.82

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.21 9.46 9.03 10.05 10.02 10.17 11.80 11.86 11.79 13.17 12.89 13.15

8.97 9.98 11.14 10.92 11.12 12.15 12.65 12.61 13.44 12.84 14.53 15.15

8.67 9.77 10.47 10.47 11.45 11.53 12.07 .. 11.22 9.68 10.42 11.19

7.96 8.39 9.06 9.13 9.41 9.34 9.55 9.74 9.92 9.55 10.30 11.68

8.05 8.56 9.26 9.30 9.71 9.71 9.94 9.74 10.08 9.57 10.32 11.60

10.69 12.20 11.92 12.68 12.09 12.20 13.53 13.54 12.86 11.95 12.89 12.03

8.53 8.95 8.46 8.61 8.95 9.75 11.24 10.71 8.69 10.56 9.54 8.23

9.12 9.46 9.81 10.51 10.83 11.42 12.04 11.41 11.61 10.96 10.57 10.46

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9.92 10.66 .. 6.40 6.31 7.02 6.53 6.14 6.00 7.45 7.43 7.33

.. 12.70 .. 12.61 10.51 10.28 8.69 7.83 7.12 7.92 8.22 8.33

10.99 9.55 9.72 9.81 7.22 7.43 7.47 7.29 7.30 7.41 6.88 6.68

10.69 8.47 8.74 8.25 6.46 6.53 6.16 6.07 6.10 6.30 7.00 6.77

10.76 8.65 8.94 8.68 6.61 6.68 6.39 6.32 6.33 6.48 6.97 6.76

10.74 7.85 9.86 8.93 7.45 7.35 9.33 8.17 7.07 8.68 9.28 7.20

7.09 7.14 6.45 4.37 3.92 3.86 3.81 3.75 3.23 3.03 3.35 3.82

10.62 9.26 8.48 7.52 7.07 7.16 6.64 6.34 6.48 6.67 6.91 6.85

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.16 8.09 8.14 12.50 8.01 8.43 9.04 8.84 8.59 9.06 8.71 8.41

8.10 8.34 8.75 9.05 8.86 8.88 10.21 10.39 10.13 10.40 11.88 9.66

6.49 7.04 6.99 7.36 7.13 6.72 7.51 7.42 7.36 8.41 7.85 7.56

6.66 7.19 7.21 7.47 7.41 7.18 7.85 7.82 7.95 8.62 8.02 7.79

6.63 7.17 7.18 7.46 7.36 7.11 7.78 7.76 7.92 8.59 7.99 7.75

8.25 10.08 9.42 9.62 10.16 9.90 9.17 8.11 5.65 7.57 10.97 10.47

4.19 5.00 4.48 4.04 3.89 4.47 4.35 4.67 5.28 5.05 5.12 5.29

7.07 7.11 7.03 7.04 7.10 7.16 7.82 7.90 7.95 8.57 8.42 8.33

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

8.92 .. ..

11.73 10.93 ..

7.54 .. ..

7.82 .. ..

7.78 .. ..

11.35 .. ..

6.18 5.89 ..

8.75 9.26 10.10

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. For the EU Member States, calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

16 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 - Selected natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu

Austria 1

Belgium 12

Czech Republic

Germany

Greece

Ireland

Italy Russian

Average

Algeria

Federation

Average1

.. 879.3 1181.5 1713.3 1524.0 2068.5 1953.8 1978.7

.. 3.03 .. .. 5.50 5.61 4.42 4.79

.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.24 6.88

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.24 7.69

.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.59 6.51

5.05 5.40 5.55 .. 5.95 5.90

1409.8 1418.9 1510.7 1436.7 1537.0 1527.7

4.28 5.25 4.57 4.80 6.01 6.31

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

6.57 6.95 6.98 7.18 7.47 7.82 8.20 8.42 8.50 9.03 9.23 8.82

4.56 6.96 6.60 6.51 7.16 .. .. 8.80 8.92 9.24 11.62 10.62

1554.3 1833.9 1784.8 1700.6 1859.4 1809.1 1770.5 2074.1 2246.0 2565.7 3152.0 2978.3

6.03 4.32 2.59 6.25 6.56 6.61 5.93 6.44 6.93 7.50 7.38 6.25

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

254.60 229.77 225.83 214.64 182.24 161.73 143.80 131.44 126.06 123.35 118.91 128.62

8.80 8.50 7.88 6.53 6.02 5.74 5.13 4.94 4.95 5.10 5.26 5.38

11.56 8.62 8.83 8.48 4.71 4.68 4.63 4.75 4.60 4.55 5.66 5.65

2864.6 3075.8 3263.2 2997.9 2245.1 1908.8 1874.4 1417.2 1430.1 1375.9 1464.8 1413.6

6.43 6.36 5.63 4.42 4.24 4.29 3.81 3.38 2.96 3.35 3.65 3.91

10.30 7.13 7.29 7.13 4.68 4.65 4.52 4.65 4.95 4.99 5.62 5.44

10.61 9.72 8.96 8.94 8.09 6.84 5.85 5.04 6.32 5.79 6.01 6.05

9.80 7.90 7.80 7.44 6.16 5.97 5.33 5.05 5.41 5.33 5.52 5.49

1

1

Federation

Average

Average

Average

Average

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.59 3.58 4.77 6.22 5.78 8.09 5.98 ..

.. 3.42 .. .. 4.49 7.30 3.63 4.95

.. .. .. .. 158.84 197.56 167.11 166.15

3.57 3.51 4.73 6.25 5.86 7.86 6.11 6.04

.. 2.35 .. .. .. .. 5.92 7.46

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

5.59 5.93 5.89 6.25 6.34 6.61

4.37 4.28 5.05 5.92 6.87 7.05

151.86 159.65 159.89 161.18 158.69 158.33

5.60 5.61 5.66 5.78 6.05 6.22

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

7.06 7.28 7.41 7.47 7.71 8.12 8.36 8.89 9.17 9.16 8.73 8.39

7.12 6.79 7.04 7.78 7.43 7.89 7.73 7.05 8.94 7.28 7.01 6.33

159.75 170.11 174.10 171.10 178.30 184.42 201.01 206.31 219.19 239.35 247.28 261.78

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

7.47 6.30 5.90 5.48 5.49 5.41 5.74 5.83 5.94 6.08 6.26 6.24

6.69 5.57 3.54 3.31 3.15 3.11 2.69 2.55 2.51 2.72 2.94 3.32

Origin

Hungary

Russian Average1

1

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.20 4.02 3.49 3.77 4.57 5.18 5.64 5.22 5.47 5.47 5.68 7.12

133.90 146.60 151.41 165.13 170.11 180.28 192.41 190.88 178.36 181.49 179.63 176.73

5.43 5.60 5.69 5.68 5.81 5.95 6.14 6.12 6.19 6.52 6.75 6.75

5.92 6.84 7.04 7.25 8.26 8.23 8.35 8.05 8.00 7.62 7.40 7.61

1531.1 1755.9 1813.6 1798.6 2233.0 2268.4 2257.9 2251.6 2208.3 2151.8 2125.3 2157.7

4.71 3.95 4.15 3.98 4.36 4.78 5.01 4.99 4.49 4.77 5.45 6.29

5.55 6.19 6.33 6.44 7.03 7.32 7.65 7.78 7.89 7.21 7.19 7.06

6.40 7.51 7.61 8.26 8.82 8.74 9.31 8.96 7.25 7.69 7.61 7.52

5.71 6.26 6.29 6.32 6.64 6.64 6.91 7.01 6.75 6.69 6.68 6.59

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

.. .. ..

6.60 6.33 ..

193.86 189.86 ..

7.06 7.12 7.20

7.82 7.85 ..

2093.9 2218.6 ..

5.96 .. ..

6.98 7.59 ..

7.93 8.11 ..

6.63 7.90 ..

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. 2. Import prices for Belgium are calculated based on both pipeline gas and LNG.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 17

Table 7 (cont.) - Selected natural gas pipeline import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu

Netherlands Origin

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

UK

Average1

3.01 2.69 3.79 .. .. .. .. ..

3.15 3.13 4.14 6.29 .. .. .. ..

Portugal 1

Average

Spain

Slovak Republic 1

Average

Sweden

UK

EU Member States Average1 2

Norway

Algeria

Average1

Denmark

Norway

3.85 3.57 4.81 5.93 5.65 7.47 .. 6.40

.. 4.17 5.68 7.76 6.39 8.28 .. 7.10

5.09 4.90 4.45 6.01 5.66 .. 5.95 5.48

3.28 3.15 4.18 .. 5.20 6.45 5.23 5.65

3.82 3.51 3.39 5.61 5.29 6.56 5.37 5.62

32.02 30.00 44.66 62.57 54.05 80.57 65.55 66.28

.. 1.74 2.96 4.09 2.60 5.06 3.25 3.03

3.46 3.40 4.54 5.99 5.31 7.43 5.62 5.86

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

5.79 5.72 5.50 5.91 5.65 5.82

5.99 6.07 5.91 6.44 6.41 6.58

5.28 5.35 5.35 5.35 6.03 5.94

4.87 4.92 5.10 4.87 5.42 5.36

4.94 5.01 5.15 4.94 5.53 5.44

51.32 58.90 57.36 57.51 61.60 66.19

2.31 1.97 2.57 2.20 2.86 3.66

5.12 5.18 5.31 5.59 6.06 6.21

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.26 6.42 5.81 6.38 6.44 6.54 7.49 7.93 8.21 9.92 10.13 9.79

6.79 7.44 7.74 7.45 7.48 7.86 8.08 8.49 9.41 9.78 11.53 11.30

5.89 6.63 6.74 6.65 7.35 7.42 7.66 .. 7.82 7.29 8.19 8.33

5.41 5.69 5.84 5.80 6.05 6.01 6.06 6.51 6.91 7.19 8.09 8.70

5.47 5.81 5.96 5.91 6.24 6.24 6.31 6.51 7.02 7.21 8.11 8.64

68.53 77.50 72.25 75.50 72.40 73.60 81.22 85.03 85.80 88.81 102.75 96.36

4.33 4.56 4.23 4.38 4.55 4.96 5.66 5.68 4.84 6.26 6.23 5.54

6.38 6.61 6.49 6.86 7.14 7.51 7.80 7.82 8.36 8.54 8.60 8.11

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.52 8.32 .. 4.85 4.62 5.01 4.64 4.30 4.12 5.03 4.98 5.03

.. 9.91 .. 9.55 7.69 7.34 6.17 5.49 4.89 5.34 5.51 5.71

8.33 7.45 7.45 7.43 5.28 5.30 5.30 5.11 5.01 5.00 4.61 4.59

8.10 6.61 6.70 6.25 4.73 4.66 4.37 4.26 4.19 4.25 4.69 4.64

8.16 6.75 6.85 6.58 4.84 4.77 4.53 4.43 4.35 4.37 4.67 4.64

87.46 66.96 84.46 73.43 57.65 57.08 71.69 58.49 49.49 60.41 64.23 51.37

4.91 4.95 4.56 2.97 2.54 2.36 2.33 2.27 1.98 1.87 2.02 2.35

8.25 7.45 6.75 5.85 5.28 5.18 4.77 4.51 4.52 4.59 4.74 4.82

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.72 5.91 6.00 9.33 6.37 6.90 7.07 6.86 6.56 6.52 6.39 6.37

5.67 6.10 6.45 6.75 7.05 7.28 7.98 8.06 7.74 7.49 8.71 7.31

4.55 5.15 5.15 5.50 5.67 5.51 5.87 5.75 5.62 6.05 5.76 5.72

4.66 5.26 5.31 5.58 5.89 5.88 6.14 6.06 6.07 6.21 5.88 5.90

4.64 5.24 5.29 5.57 5.86 5.82 6.09 6.02 6.05 6.19 5.86 5.87

58.96 73.20 67.48 69.39 78.21 77.56 68.04 59.23 39.78 50.59 74.87 71.68

2.59 3.20 2.98 2.63 2.65 3.03 2.84 2.99 3.39 3.18 3.21 3.40

5.11 5.38 5.37 5.42 5.77 5.96 6.20 6.23 6.19 6.30 6.35 6.49

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

6.68 .. ..

8.78 8.00 ..

5.64 .. ..

5.86 .. ..

5.82 .. ..

75.71 .. ..

3.92 3.65 ..

6.75 7.05 7.20

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. For the EU Member States, calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. 2. Prices for EU Member States are in Euro; however, the Euro is not the national currency of all EU Member States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

18 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 8 - LNG import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu

Italy Origin

Spain

Portugal 1

Average

Nigeria

Algeria

Egypt

Libya

Nigeria

Oman

x x x x x x 7.86 8.87

x 3.71 4.17 4.86 4.93 6.15 7.34 7.12

x x x x 7.24 13.33 7.27 7.26

3.61 4.02 5.29 6.91 6.98 9.44 7.18 7.88

x x 4.74 6.41 7.13 9.48 6.94 6.40

3.66 3.89 4.94 6.66 6.64 9.31 7.14 7.39

x 3.76 4.74 6.15 6.24 8.85 6.69 7.28

3.46 3.15 4.54 5.88 5.78 9.78 6.06 8.84

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

x x x x x x

5.32 4.66 5.53 4.81 5.88 5.62

x x x x x 7.24

6.68 6.85 7.10 7.15 7.73 7.55

6.02 8.42 7.84 7.70 9.25 9.35

6.08 6.37 6.11 7.01 7.26 7.85

5.67 5.83 6.66 6.76 7.36 6.86

5.78 x x x x x

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.43 5.41 5.36 5.64 5.41 6.06 7.02 6.43 6.66 6.60 6.25 7.94

x x x x x x x x x x 13.21 13.39

8.24 8.83 9.26 8.62 8.47 8.68 10.41 x 8.55 10.59 11.68 12.35

10.00 8.11 8.50 8.77 7.87 10.27 9.42 9.73 9.25 11.40 9.84 11.45

7.80 8.00 8.67 8.95 9.08 8.99 9.82 x 10.08 9.90 10.58 11.67

8.01 7.96 8.26 8.71 8.50 8.22 8.86 9.44 9.50 8.77 9.34 10.89

x x x x x x x x x x 9.18 10.39

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

11.41 9.31 13.18 8.33 7.55 5.71 7.84 8.07 6.63 7.38 7.46 7.28

5.05 5.17 10.89 9.08 3.63 5.47 6.96 8.72 7.89 7.05 7.50 8.37

10.71 10.04 7.85 6.72 5.69 5.24 5.37 6.93 6.79 6.82 5.49 x

10.68 9.06 9.41 7.42 6.09 6.05 6.11 6.07 6.37 6.48 7.13 7.07

10.67 7.20 6.71 5.40 7.14 6.21 5.94 6.43 6.07 5.93 5.88 6.31

9.04 8.91 8.49 6.23 6.43 6.13 5.87 6.00 6.32 6.78 6.88 6.69

7.93 8.33 7.39 7.08 5.86 6.59 5.90 5.75 6.27 6.46 6.77 6.35

x 6.32 7.59 5.56 5.48 5.46 5.33 5.77 6.18 6.77 x x

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

8.43 9.46 6.70 9.77 8.72 9.02 9.77 8.64 9.13 9.32 9.84 9.51

6.60 4.12 7.28 7.49 6.96 8.96 6.19 7.59 6.94 8.15 6.95 6.74

x 8.12 6.66 6.10 8.02 6.01 7.67 7.15 7.90 x 6.07 6.62

7.23 7.70 7.78 8.18 7.86 7.63 8.66 7.90 8.55 8.47 7.64 7.93

6.03 7.16 6.25 6.01 5.37 6.13 5.89 6.41 6.48 6.44 x 8.17

7.36 7.05 7.02 7.41 x x x 7.25 8.20 8.00 x 7.45

7.14 7.30 8.09 7.44 7.14 7.03 7.00 6.81 7.16 7.89 7.29 7.36

x x x x x x x x x x x 8.84

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

9.66 9.30 ..

8.98 7.58 ..

x .. ..

8.58 .. ..

7.56 .. ..

7.95 .. ..

7.94 .. ..

9.19 .. ..

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Norway

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 19

Table 8 (cont.) - LNG import prices into Europe in USD/MBtu

Spain Origin

Qatar

Trinidad

United Kingdom 1

Average

Algeria

Egypt

Qatar

EU Member States

Trinidad

1

Average

1

Average

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.52 3.96 4.92 6.86 6.82 9.47 6.53 7.22

3.61 x 5.29 5.94 6.03 8.52 6.03 6.42

3.58 3.87 4.88 6.38 6.58 9.22 6.70 7.14

x x 10.99 7.60 6.69 9.82 4.83 5.11

x x x 9.84 7.86 4.16 4.26 4.42

x x x 6.51 5.28 11.68 3.99 5.50

x x 12.47 7.96 6.79 9.02 5.27 5.43

x x 11.18 8.14 6.37 9.21 4.43 5.55

3.61 3.89 5.03 6.47 6.45 9.18 6.22 6.85

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

x 6.21 6.09 7.07 7.84 7.30

6.11 5.55 5.37 5.72 5.46 7.57

6.07 6.16 6.65 6.92 7.38 7.74

5.66 5.79 x x 10.36 9.75

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

x x x 7.47 7.76 7.31

5.66 5.79 x 7.47 9.53 7.86

6.01 6.07 6.63 6.88 7.78 7.81

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

7.91 8.03 8.76 8.95 8.91 8.91 9.67 9.79 9.92 9.80 11.43 12.44

7.67 7.78 8.15 7.98 7.81 8.59 7.56 6.23 11.32 6.93 9.37 10.41

8.21 8.13 8.53 8.69 8.59 9.05 9.33 9.25 9.73 9.26 10.20 11.58

10.22 10.21 x x 11.55 x x x x x x 7.28

x x x x x x x x x x x 4.16

x x x x x x x x x x x 11.68

6.85 x x x x x x 17.07 x 7.43 x 9.00

8.52 10.21 x x 11.55 x x 17.07 x 7.43 x 8.53

8.21 8.13 8.47 8.87 8.80 9.07 9.30 9.38 9.83 8.97 10.09 11.12

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

8.55 7.48 7.26 6.29 6.43 5.48 5.53 5.90 5.97 6.60 6.70 6.66

8.36 7.39 7.54 5.55 4.92 4.66 4.54 5.25 5.45 6.27 5.48 5.73

9.59 8.01 7.68 6.25 6.12 5.76 5.63 5.91 6.06 6.47 6.33 6.40

7.92 7.95 7.35 4.50 4.34 4.28 4.04 3.55 3.27 3.61 4.37 4.76

x x 4.19 4.15 4.10 4.35 x x 4.38 x x x

x 8.22 x 8.88 4.48 4.51 2.17 3.60 3.28 2.96 4.54 4.33

8.09 9.01 6.19 4.75 3.94 4.58 4.30 3.69 4.18 4.50 4.93 4.97

8.03 8.35 6.20 5.99 4.23 4.42 2.83 3.70 3.44 3.27 4.58 4.49

9.48 8.22 8.18 6.41 5.79 5.54 5.09 5.38 5.16 5.66 5.89 5.92

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

7.10 6.89 7.32 7.27 6.74 7.47 7.12 7.23 7.59 7.82 6.89 6.32

5.61 6.21 6.53 5.82 2.34 6.01 6.20 5.87 8.19 7.75 7.19 7.03

6.73 7.15 7.12 7.01 6.34 6.96 7.20 7.02 7.51 7.75 7.19 7.50

4.70 5.25 4.49 4.57 5.66 5.44 x 6.16 6.53 x x x

x x x x x x x 4.65 x 4.30 x x

5.16 4.82 4.33 4.37 3.51 3.95 5.92 6.41 5.68 6.32 6.88 6.66

4.43 5.42 x 4.82 4.76 5.45 6.05 x 5.28 x 7.41 x

5.10 5.06 4.46 4.59 4.34 4.61 6.01 6.34 5.70 6.22 7.07 6.76

6.37 6.88 6.24 6.45 5.87 6.63 7.23 6.97 6.99 7.41 7.51 7.66

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

7.92 .. ..

6.77 .. ..

7.97 .. ..

7.47 8.68 ..

x x ..

8.43 8.35 ..

8.88 x ..

8.34 8.39 ..

8.40 8.54 ..

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. For the EU Member States, calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

20 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 9 - LNG import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu

Italy Origin

Spain

Portugal 1

Average

Nigeria

Algeria

Egypt

Libya

Nigeria

Oman

x x x x x x 5.56 6.68

x 2.98 3.37 3.87 3.57 4.22 5.24 5.41

x x x x 4.97 10.11 5.39 5.57

3.19 3.23 4.26 5.49 5.07 6.44 5.17 5.94

x x 3.87 5.17 5.21 6.46 5.05 4.82

3.24 3.10 4.02 5.34 4.86 6.37 5.17 5.48

x 3.03 3.83 4.89 4.56 6.09 4.83 5.51

2.99 2.52 3.65 4.75 4.21 7.48 4.38 6.69

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

x x x x x x

3.88 3.43 3.97 3.38 4.00 3.86

x x x x x 4.97

4.87 5.03 5.11 5.03 5.26 5.19

4.39 6.18 5.63 5.41 6.30 6.42

4.43 4.67 4.39 4.93 4.94 5.39

4.13 4.28 4.79 4.75 5.01 4.71

4.21 x x x x x

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

x x x x x x x x x x x x

3.69 3.67 3.45 3.58 3.48 3.90 4.46 4.30 4.64 4.97 4.92 5.92

x x x x x x x x x x 10.38 9.97

5.60 5.99 5.97 5.48 5.44 5.58 6.61 x 5.96 7.98 9.18 9.20

6.80 5.51 5.47 5.57 5.06 6.60 5.98 6.51 6.45 8.59 7.73 8.53

5.30 5.43 5.58 5.69 5.83 5.78 6.23 x 7.02 7.45 8.32 8.69

5.44 5.40 5.32 5.53 5.46 5.29 5.63 6.32 6.62 6.61 7.34 8.11

x x x x x x x x x x 7.21 7.74

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

8.65 7.27 10.10 6.31 5.52 4.08 5.57 5.65 4.55 4.98 5.00 5.00

3.83 4.04 8.35 6.87 2.66 3.90 4.94 6.12 5.42 4.76 5.03 5.75

8.12 7.84 6.02 5.09 4.17 3.74 3.81 4.86 4.66 4.60 3.68 x

8.10 7.07 7.22 5.62 4.46 4.32 4.34 4.26 4.37 4.37 4.78 4.85

8.09 5.62 5.15 4.09 5.23 4.43 4.22 4.51 4.17 4.00 3.94 4.33

6.85 6.95 6.51 4.72 4.70 4.37 4.17 4.21 4.34 4.58 4.61 4.59

6.01 6.50 5.67 5.36 4.29 4.71 4.18 4.03 4.31 4.36 4.54 4.36

x 4.93 5.82 4.21 4.01 3.90 3.78 4.04 4.24 4.57 x x

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

5.90 6.91 4.94 7.29 6.93 7.39 7.64 6.70 6.97 6.71 7.22 7.19

4.62 3.01 5.36 5.59 5.54 7.34 4.84 5.88 5.30 5.87 5.10 5.10

x 5.94 4.91 4.56 6.38 4.92 6.00 5.55 6.04 x 4.45 5.01

5.06 5.63 5.74 6.10 6.25 6.25 6.77 6.13 6.53 6.10 5.61 6.00

4.22 5.23 4.60 4.48 4.27 5.02 4.60 4.97 4.95 4.64 x 6.18

5.15 5.15 5.17 5.53 x x x 5.62 6.26 5.76 x 5.64

5.00 5.33 5.96 5.55 5.68 5.76 5.47 5.28 5.47 5.68 5.35 5.57

x x x x x x x x x x x 6.69

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

7.23 6.81 ..

6.72 5.55 ..

x .. ..

6.42 .. ..

5.66 .. ..

5.95 .. ..

5.94 .. ..

6.88 .. ..

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Norway

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 21

Table 9 (cont.) - LNG import prices into Europe in national currency/MBtu

Spain Origin

Qatar

Trinidad

EU Member States

United Kingdom 1

Average

Algeria

Egypt

Qatar

Trinidad

1

Average

1

Average

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.09 3.18 3.98 5.45 4.99 6.52 4.69 5.45

3.36 x 4.29 4.74 4.39 5.89 4.37 4.81

3.16 3.11 3.94 5.09 4.80 6.35 4.85 5.39

x x 6.29 4.17 3.32 5.29 3.12 3.36

x x x 5.30 4.01 2.80 2.74 2.80

x x x 3.40 2.70 7.86 2.49 3.53

x x 7.15 4.36 3.36 5.44 3.43 3.55

x x 6.40 4.44 3.18 5.47 2.82 3.58

3.20 3.13 4.05 5.16 4.71 6.28 4.48 5.17

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

x 4.56 4.38 4.97 5.34 5.01

4.46 4.07 3.86 4.02 3.72 5.20

4.43 4.52 4.78 4.86 5.02 5.32

2.78 2.88 x x 5.00 4.84

x x x x x x

x x x x x x

x x x 3.65 3.75 3.63

2.78 2.88 x 3.65 4.60 3.90

4.38 4.45 4.77 4.84 5.30 5.37

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

5.38 5.45 5.64 5.68 5.73 5.73 6.13 6.55 6.91 7.38 8.98 9.26

5.21 5.28 5.25 5.07 5.02 5.52 4.80 4.17 7.89 5.22 7.36 7.75

5.58 5.52 5.50 5.52 5.52 5.82 5.92 6.19 6.78 6.98 8.02 8.62

5.19 5.20 x x 5.87 x x x x x x 4.90

x x x x x x x x x x x 2.80

x x x x x x x x x x x 7.86

3.48 x x x x x x 9.06 x 4.40 x 6.06

4.33 5.20 x x 5.87 x x 9.06 x 4.40 x 5.74

5.58 5.52 5.46 5.63 5.65 5.83 5.90 6.28 6.85 6.76 7.93 8.28

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

6.48 5.84 5.56 4.77 4.71 3.91 3.92 4.14 4.10 4.46 4.49 4.57

6.34 5.77 5.78 4.21 3.60 3.32 3.22 3.68 3.74 4.23 3.67 3.93

7.27 6.25 5.89 4.73 4.48 4.11 4.00 4.15 4.16 4.37 4.24 4.39

5.48 5.52 5.19 3.06 2.81 2.61 2.46 2.15 2.00 2.23 2.64 2.93

x x 2.96 2.82 2.66 2.66 x x 2.69 x x x

x 5.70 x 6.03 2.90 2.76 1.33 2.18 2.01 1.83 2.74 2.67

5.60 6.25 4.37 3.23 2.55 2.80 2.62 2.23 2.56 2.78 2.97 3.07

5.56 5.80 4.37 4.07 2.74 2.70 1.73 2.24 2.11 2.02 2.76 2.77

7.19 6.42 6.28 4.85 4.23 3.96 3.61 3.77 3.54 3.82 3.95 4.06

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

4.97 5.04 5.39 5.43 5.36 6.12 5.57 5.61 5.80 5.63 5.05 4.78

3.93 4.54 4.81 4.34 1.86 4.93 4.85 4.55 6.26 5.58 5.27 5.32

4.71 5.22 5.24 5.23 5.05 5.70 5.63 5.44 5.74 5.58 5.27 5.67

2.90 3.36 2.98 2.98 3.85 3.69 x 3.94 4.19 x x x

x x x x x x x 2.98 x 2.71 x x

3.19 3.08 2.88 2.85 2.39 2.67 3.87 4.10 3.65 3.99 4.31 4.27

2.74 3.47 x 3.15 3.24 3.69 3.96 x 3.39 x 4.64 x

3.15 3.24 2.96 3.00 2.95 3.13 3.93 4.06 3.66 3.92 4.44 4.34

4.46 5.03 4.60 4.81 4.67 5.43 5.65 5.40 5.34 5.34 5.51 5.79

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

5.93 .. ..

5.06 .. ..

5.97 .. ..

4.73 5.38 ..

x x ..

5.34 5.18 ..

5.63 x ..

5.28 5.20 ..

6.29 6.26 ..

Source: Eurostat Intra- and Extra-EU Trade Statistics for Import Quantities and Values. Note: please refer to Notes on definitions at the end of this section. Data are from secondary sources for which the IEA is not responsible. 1. Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. For the EU Member States, calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

22 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 10 - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea in USD/MBtu

Japan LNG Origin

Indonesia

Malaysia

4.74 4.93 5.61 6.50 6.96 11.69 8.91 11.82

x x x 10.11 10.49 17.73 x 12.39

4.58 4.75 5.53 5.90 6.38 13.16 10.74 11.20

x x x 11.69 11.12 16.36 16.21 11.03

5.07 5.95 7.05 8.16 8.53 11.65 7.43 11.43

4.71 4.94 5.72 6.56 7.83 12.97 9.72 11.06

x 6.23 x 10.60 11.09 17.27 12.41 12.20

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

6.50 6.70 6.54 8.70 9.31 7.90

x 8.70 8.61 10.37 12.30 12.47

5.74 6.13 6.05 6.19 8.76 8.30

7.44 10.59 11.01 11.38 12.13 12.04

8.43 8.91 8.67 9.29 9.89 10.21

8.02 8.64 8.48 8.63 9.48 8.85

x 8.85 10.49 11.11 11.49 11.43

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

9.52 9.24 10.26 10.23 10.66 10.48 10.74 10.93 13.33 14.62 15.39 13.92

15.19 18.56 16.80 x 14.34 13.79 x 19.06 20.62 23.24 x 19.27

9.56 10.33 11.94 11.85 12.08 11.59 12.85 13.48 16.22 16.79 16.98 15.24

13.71 14.73 15.71 14.29 14.13 x 16.52 18.35 18.50 22.04 21.29 x

10.90 10.88 11.17 11.42 12.42 13.27 14.28 13.86 12.99 12.43 9.33 7.46

9.60 9.96 10.97 11.27 11.48 11.87 12.17 12.53 14.89 16.97 17.84 16.63

13.94 16.35 17.52 14.42 14.48 14.09 16.66 17.03 19.41 19.31 19.19 22.58

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

13.63 10.45 8.69 7.40 7.02 6.87 7.71 7.60 8.51 10.57 9.44 x

14.71 14.79 13.41 12.90 11.31 9.82 8.42 7.55 7.47 7.52 7.98 10.71

x 18.73 17.31 x x x x x x x x 12.30

6.12 5.91 6.32 6.56 6.88 7.08 8.17 8.60 8.67 8.88 9.01 x

14.99 11.60 10.18 7.42 7.30 7.02 7.18 7.84 8.49 9.72 10.74 10.52

16.48 8.41 11.13 x 8.65 x x x x x x x

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

11.56 12.70 x x x 12.10 x 8.18 13.34 8.77 8.36 14.01

11.24 11.81 x 12.24 x x x 13.56 x 12.34 x x

x 11.26 10.62 x 12.29 12.40 10.82 x 11.46 x 11.63 11.37

x 7.41 12.19 x x x 11.53 x 12.65 x x 12.15

10.98 9.43 x 11.96 12.63 9.44 x 12.78 x 12.05 12.08 x

10.19 x 10.43 11.09 x 12.06 10.61 11.67 11.24 11.57 x 11.18

x x x x 13.58 x x x 8.37 x 12.96 x

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

x 13.76 12.92

12.21 x x

x 12.59 13.04

11.61 12.44 12.34

11.68 x 12.71

x 14.64 11.84

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia

Algeria

x x x x x x x x x x x x

Brunei

Egypt

Source: Japanese Trade Statistics and Korean Energy Review Monthly .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

x x x

Nigeria

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 23

Table 10 (cont.) - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea USD/MBtu

Japan

Korea

LNG Origin

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Oman

Qatar

LNG

Trinidad

U.A.E.

USA

Average

Average

4.98 5.69 7.12 8.88 8.09 12.31 7.51 10.44

4.74 5.08 5.92 7.68 8.20 13.58 11.16 11.28

x x x 11.50 10.83 16.40 12.09 11.99

4.72 4.88 5.57 6.81 7.21 11.48 9.03 10.40

4.54 4.99 5.79 6.69 6.07 7.79 8.17 9.98

4.82 5.23 6.04 7.18 7.80 12.64 9.42 11.03

5.03 5.74 7.12 9.22 10.08 14.15 10.50 10.17

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

6.81 7.21 7.47 8.80 9.47 8.60

8.22 8.53 8.90 8.35 8.74 9.42

12.20 x 8.77 11.14 11.06 11.16

6.84 7.63 7.69 7.92 8.03 7.83

6.01 6.23 6.25 6.30 6.59 6.26

7.45 7.96 7.99 8.63 9.49 9.12

9.50 10.89 10.67 9.62 12.10 11.91

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

11.46 8.88 12.08 9.85 11.14 10.76 10.12 15.94 14.58 16.04 14.22 14.22

9.96 10.36 11.08 12.02 12.48 12.51 13.19 14.12 15.97 16.41 16.55 17.14

x 13.43 18.68 x 14.00 15.89 x x 14.41 12.38 23.87 x

9.04 9.22 9.78 10.17 10.42 9.79 10.95 10.79 13.84 14.62 14.82 15.46

6.60 6.78 7.52 7.04 7.26 7.28 7.53 7.82 8.47 9.11 9.14 9.12

10.18 10.55 11.52 11.26 11.70 11.95 12.48 13.20 14.76 15.25 15.26 13.86

11.08 12.43 11.36 15.75 13.84 19.23 15.06 15.07 16.08 15.77 17.08 13.27

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

12.26 8.16 8.16 7.65 5.00 5.87 4.98 5.42 4.97 7.69 6.21 10.05

15.81 14.11 12.31 10.94 8.68 8.03 8.52 9.05 10.64 11.14 11.68 11.75

x x x x x x x x x x 13.04 12.00

13.75 10.24 8.57 7.20 7.06 6.82 7.29 7.62 9.23 9.87 10.56 9.39

8.11 6.68 5.64 7.10 7.56 7.19 7.86 8.48 9.22 11.23 11.16 7.88

12.83 10.53 9.53 8.28 7.53 7.30 7.72 7.96 8.63 9.56 9.66 10.72

15.19 12.96 11.85 8.85 7.78 7.52 7.33 8.17 8.54 8.95 9.28 9.73

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

9.49 12.61 9.97 9.19 13.17 6.65 12.12 8.98 12.93 9.65 11.52 12.13

9.22 9.14 11.64 12.20 10.16 12.47 11.26 12.88 12.39 12.96 10.15 11.78

x 11.83 11.89 x 12.74 x 11.66 x 12.11 x 11.60 12.28

12.12 6.79 9.30 12.73 8.45 11.02 9.02 13.42 9.11 12.23 7.29 10.08

10.82 x 7.81 11.66 x 12.22 4.68 12.26 6.06 12.47 x 6.16

10.24 10.41 10.62 11.06 11.73 11.14 10.70 11.58 11.33 11.45 11.04 11.27

9.69 9.10 9.92 11.05 11.27 10.31 10.66 11.01 10.57 10.07 9.96 9.87

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

10.95 13.44 8.90

12.14 12.06 14.37

x 13.00 11.12

13.22 7.94 13.72

12.07 x 13.50

11.61 12.42 12.82

10.29 .. ..

Source: Japanese Trade Statistics and Korean Energy Review Monthly .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

24 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 11 - LNG and natural gas import prices into the United States in USD/MBtu

LNG Origin

Australia

Algeria

x 6.34 x x x x x x

5.37 5.73 8.69 8.32 7.05 x x x

x x 10.67 6.67 6.69 8.84 3.86 4.72

4.87 4.83 8.82 x x x x x

4.57 6.08 9.91 6.65 6.91 9.37 3.49 4.30

3.93 5.48 5.61 x x x x x

4.89 5.57 5.85 x 7.11 15.54 4.29 6.20

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

x x x x x x

x x 5.80 x x x

6.63 5.86 5.10 6.55 7.41 x

x x x x x x

6.74 5.81 5.32 x x x

x x x x x x

6.42 7.20 x x x x

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

7.31 x x 9.49 11.23 11.88 13.09 9.13 8.19 7.35 6.24 6.75

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x 8.27 x 10.88 x 9.74 8.51 x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x 15.54 x x x x x x

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

6.23 4.29 3.38 3.82 3.47 3.45 3.78 3.93 3.12 4.07 4.05 4.45

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x 3.49 x x 3.60 x 3.39 x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x 4.29 4.56

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.62 5.95 4.70 3.65 4.01 3.97 4.55 x 3.46 3.65 x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

x x 4.71 3.81 4.23 3.78 5.17 x 6.75 3.49 x x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.93 5.74 6.49 4.28 x x x x x 6.89 7.58 8.09

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

x x x

x x x

8.90 4.13 3.60

x x x

x x x

x x x

5.65 x 6.38

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Egypt

Malaysia

Nigeria

Oman

Source: DOE/EIA - Natural Gas Monthly. Note: US import prices have been converted by the IEA into USD/MBtu using an average conversion factor of 1020 Btu per cubic foot.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Qatar

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 25

Table 11 (cont.) - LNG and natural gas import prices in the United States in USD/MBtu

LNG Origin

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Trinidad

U.A.E.

Pipeline Average

Canada

Mexico

Average

4.61 5.72 7.53 7.17 7.00 10.03 5.02 4.55

x x x x x x x x

4.69 5.71 8.10 7.05 6.95 9.84 4.52 4.79

5.09 5.70 7.94 6.70 6.70 8.41 4.06 4.38

.. .. 8.30 .. 6.42 7.47 3.83 4.54

5.09 5.70 7.94 6.70 6.70 8.40 4.06 4.38

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

6.96 6.22 5.87 6.72 7.75 7.71

x x x x x x

6.87 6.17 5.60 6.70 7.72 7.71

6.33 5.80 5.35 6.19 7.01 7.35

5.92 5.87 5.33 6.23 5.84 6.49

6.33 5.80 5.35 6.19 7.00 7.34

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

8.36 9.29 9.19 9.84 10.99 11.83 12.66 10.39 9.25 9.18 9.08 9.78

x x x x x x x x x x x x

8.25 9.19 9.22 9.66 11.10 12.10 12.75 10.06 8.89 8.97 7.93 8.68

7.46 8.11 8.83 9.39 10.53 11.39 11.43 8.31 7.24 6.53 6.30 6.44

7.06 x 8.56 9.15 10.33 12.02 11.10 8.15 6.65 6.24 5.66 5.15

7.46 8.11 8.83 9.39 10.53 11.40 11.43 8.31 7.22 6.52 6.29 6.41

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

7.97 8.28 8.48 4.75 4.00 3.98 4.42 3.79 3.43 3.65 4.20 4.61

x x x x x x x x x x x x

7.48 6.69 6.22 4.11 3.81 3.82 4.13 3.86 3.29 3.87 4.17 4.77

5.97 4.96 4.05 3.50 3.32 3.35 3.32 3.16 2.79 3.83 4.38 5.22

4.64 3.96 3.77 3.25 3.10 3.58 3.13 2.96 2.85 4.04 3.69 5.49

5.95 4.96 4.05 3.49 3.32 3.35 3.32 3.15 2.79 3.84 4.38 5.22

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

5.44 5.52 4.70 4.50 4.19 4.38 4.61 4.77 4.04 4.03 3.70 4.18

x x x x x x x x x x x x

5.61 5.69 4.81 4.16 4.15 4.06 4.70 4.77 4.20 4.38 5.21 5.04

5.86 5.49 4.77 4.02 4.02 4.16 4.26 3.99 3.60 3.64 3.75 4.40

5.49 5.09 4.81 4.87 4.71 4.72 5.09 5.09 3.50 3.53 2.34 3.83

5.86 5.49 4.78 4.04 4.03 4.16 4.27 4.00 3.60 3.64 3.75 4.40

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

4.71 4.98 4.45

x x x

5.40 4.67 5.19

4.49 4.35 4.02

3.51 3.55 3.36

4.49 4.35 4.02

Source: DOE/EIA - Natural Gas Monthly. Note: US import prices have been converted by the IEA into USD/MBtu using an average conversion factor of 1020 Btu per cubic foot.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

26 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 12 - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea in national currency/MBtu

Japan LNG Origin

Australia

Algeria

Brunei

Egypt

Indonesia

Malaysia

Nigeria

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

550.66 532.12 618.34 755.75 819.44 1196.29 832.48 1056.95

x x x 1185.61 1200.64 1847.86 x 1079.47

531.51 513.33 609.31 686.33 748.17 1354.94 990.42 972.22

x x x 1359.82 1281.82 1700.76 1535.61 967.42

588.20 643.11 776.45 948.99 1002.48 1211.59 696.48 1010.04

545.42 534.11 630.63 764.44 920.25 1328.52 900.77 965.61

x 680.17 x 1250.01 1269.20 1786.83 1161.23 1074.34

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

789.87 782.23 752.87 1008.01 1032.71 889.11

x 1015.83 990.04 1201.93 1364.80 1402.97

697.18 715.06 695.90 717.83 971.76 933.67

903.47 1235.46 1266.80 1318.92 1345.98 1355.23

1024.20 1039.23 997.94 1076.65 1096.91 1149.06

974.70 1008.50 975.14 1000.27 1051.00 995.99

x 1032.57 1206.87 1288.14 1274.36 1286.53

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

1027.26 990.08 1033.75 1049.68 1112.27 1120.29 1147.98 1194.72 1421.89 1462.83 1490.22 1270.93

1639.05 1988.13 1691.60 x 1496.51 1474.63 x 2084.29 2199.27 2325.26 x 1759.58

1031.30 1106.87 1202.65 1216.37 1260.25 1239.42 1372.51 1474.22 1729.93 1680.18 1644.86 1391.79

1478.69 1578.20 1582.21 1466.48 1474.75 x 1764.60 2006.46 1972.93 2205.98 2061.71 x

1175.62 1165.30 1125.40 1171.48 1296.01 1418.89 1526.07 1515.16 1384.86 1243.66 903.90 681.60

1035.70 1066.30 1104.87 1156.20 1197.67 1269.11 1300.13 1370.44 1587.55 1698.44 1727.62 1518.17

1503.85 1750.99 1764.46 1480.07 1510.89 1506.44 1780.13 1861.44 2070.40 1932.49 1858.44 2061.85

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

1230.51 970.14 850.33 731.37 677.95 664.30 727.54 721.02 777.48 954.28 841.19 x

x x x x x x x x x x x x

1327.60 1372.48 1311.14 1276.09 1092.21 948.98 794.00 716.83 682.35 679.00 711.13 963.46

x 1738.46 1692.52 x x x x x x x x 1105.98

552.47 548.73 618.32 648.91 664.23 683.70 770.33 815.90 791.61 801.82 803.46 x

1353.01 1076.89 995.92 733.93 704.47 678.63 676.75 744.41 775.23 877.73 957.13 945.91

1487.56 780.18 1088.12 x 834.81 x x x x x x x

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

1052.90 1144.03 x x x 1098.81 x 698.15 1125.89 717.61 690.17 1166.39

1024.22 1063.92 x 1144.16 x x x 1157.81 x 1009.02 x x

x 1014.48 963.46 x 1130.76 1126.55 946.40 x 966.98 x 960.46 946.64

x 667.84 1105.98 x x x 1009.02 x 1067.10 x x 1011.79

1000.84 849.78 x 1118.83 1161.26 857.62 x 1090.84 x 985.32 997.06 x

928.16 x 945.91 1037.35 x 1095.82 928.74 996.38 948.35 946.40 x 930.72

x x x x 1249.39 x x x 706.00 x 1069.63 x

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

x 1135.41 1055.23

1008.13 x x

x 1039.38 1064.58

x x x

959.13 1026.77 1007.53

964.15 x 1038.18

x 1208.66 967.19

Source: Japanese Trade Statistics and Korean Energy Review Monthly .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 27

Table 12 (cont.) - LNG import prices into Japan and Korea in national currency/MBtu

Japan

Korea

LNG Origin

Oman

Qatar

Trinidad

LNG

U.A.E.

USA

Average

Average

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

576.62 618.99 786.06 1037.13 950.69 1272.90 697.01 913.80

550.92 547.50 653.39 892.75 965.11 1397.29 1036.71 984.57

x x x 1348.66 1253.43 1687.39 1086.60 1040.16

549.41 526.85 615.62 792.54 849.65 1181.22 837.86 909.78

525.93 538.56 640.72 777.64 715.46 805.46 748.93 876.75

558.89 564.68 666.03 835.23 915.34 1302.45 874.56 963.57

6002 6546 7298 8766 9379 15754 13670 11707

Jul 2007 Aug 2007 Sep 2007 Oct 2007 Nov 2007 Dec 2007

826.95 841.11 859.18 1019.84 1050.56 967.39

998.05 995.20 1024.14 967.97 969.42 1059.99

1481.61 x 1009.16 1290.88 1226.67 1255.35

831.36 890.32 884.87 917.43 890.22 880.55

729.69 727.29 718.75 729.99 731.12 704.50

904.72 928.72 919.77 1000.01 1052.87 1026.68

8727 10179 9913 8802 11116 11100

Jan 2008 Feb 2008 Mar 2008 Apr 2008 May 2008 Jun 2008 Jul 2008 Aug 2008 Sep 2008 Oct 2008 Nov 2008 Dec 2008

1236.43 950.61 1216.33 1010.97 1162.88 1150.64 1081.32 1742.90 1554.84 1605.10 1377.32 1298.12

1074.38 1109.33 1115.75 1233.55 1302.03 1337.17 1408.75 1543.71 1703.29 1642.41 1602.82 1564.99

x 1438.33 1881.09 x 1460.56 1699.42 x x 1537.09 1238.79 2312.27 x

975.33 987.29 984.62 1043.56 1087.23 1046.50 1169.94 1179.46 1475.83 1462.78 1435.53 1411.98

711.92 725.98 757.24 722.26 757.56 778.14 804.76 854.89 903.40 911.50 885.76 832.33

1097.83 1129.61 1160.60 1155.37 1220.89 1277.42 1333.32 1443.58 1573.67 1526.35 1477.83 1265.94

10441 11746 11159 15551 14320 19813 15332 15772 18260 20736 23926 18217

Jan 2009 Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 May 2009 Jun 2009 Jul 2009 Aug 2009 Sep 2009 Oct 2009 Nov 2009 Dec 2009

1106.86 757.44 797.80 756.12 482.34 567.37 470.04 514.01 454.32 694.27 553.77 903.94

1427.13 1309.68 1204.40 1082.32 838.33 775.56 803.07 859.18 972.30 1005.89 1040.81 1056.21

x x x x x x x x x x 1162.09 1078.76

1241.27 950.67 837.78 712.56 681.24 658.96 687.38 723.20 843.28 891.53 941.20 843.91

731.71 619.71 551.81 702.43 729.95 694.97 741.23 804.92 841.88 1013.74 994.80 708.58

1158.06 977.30 932.47 819.05 727.27 704.93 727.87 755.75 788.67 863.19 860.93 963.61

20622 18652 17169 11779 9750 9477 9234 10118 10353 10494 10784 11317

Jan 2010 Feb 2010 Mar 2010 Apr 2010 May 2010 Jun 2010 Jul 2010 Aug 2010 Sep 2010 Oct 2010 Nov 2010 Dec 2010

864.90 1136.11 903.94 859.08 1211.19 603.58 1060.52 766.44 1091.22 789.03 951.31 1009.98

839.91 823.16 1056.21 1140.44 934.37 1132.82 985.32 1100.10 1044.98 1060.52 837.88 981.14

x 1066.41 1078.76 x 1171.60 x 1020.09 x 1021.59 x 957.28 1022.91

1104.05 611.49 843.91 1190.21 776.89 1000.68 789.03 1145.89 768.41 1000.02 602.16 839.76

986.10 x 708.58 1090.06 x 1110.13 409.40 1047.14 511.12 1020.09 x 513.22

933.37 938.46 963.61 1033.85 1079.23 1011.52 935.88 988.48 955.96 936.86 911.34 938.83

11032 10507 11271 12328 13148 12519 12843 12990 12256 11298 11250 11304

Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011

904.38 1109.62 726.63

1002.86 995.08 1173.17

x 1072.85 907.73

1092.02 655.37 1120.58

996.92 x 1102.39

958.93 1025.14 1047.28

11507 .. ..

Source: Japanese Trade Statistics and Korean Energy Review Monthly .

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

28 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 13 - OECD: steam coal import costs by importing country in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF)

OECD*

EU member states*

Belgium

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

47.14 46.41 43.65 39.41 34.31 33.65 38.50 36.06 36.65 54.46 63.71 63.29 72.80 120.27 97.47 99.23

47.51 45.62 43.52 39.72 34.43 35.22 42.96 38.69 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.80 82.21 137.79 100.28 104.12

47.94 49.43 49.47 45.21 40.74 39.88 46.96 39.34 39.76 66.29 70.83 70.95 82.81 150.58 109.92 114.02

38.53 38.88 34.88 36.39 30.29 31.67 40.78 31.65 50.27 56.29 61.84 59.15 75.20 113.34 88.22 86.27

44.30 41.63 42.23 37.19 31.50 32.08 40.83 37.08 39.99 58.45 62.80 67.65 72.64 134.21 86.94 92.84

49.29 48.00 48.24 41.43 38.59 37.21 45.36 42.59 42.63 64.08 75.23 72.92 84.49 135.53 113.60 108.32

53.53 45.45 42.49 37.06 32.59 33.45 41.46 36.80 39.00 61.22 72.48 70.12 81.49 138.84 100.87 101.34

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

95.31 91.23 91.12

99.58 95.61 94.72

107.36 78.23 116.49

115.99 88.80 78.86

87.30 76.64 76.49

113.51 112.59 105.03

100.62 97.25 94.89

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

90.21 96.14 102.15 107.01

97.15 99.39 107.35 111.59

102.55 106.22 123.33 123.90

90.66 76.25 91.05 ..

80.60 87.96 97.90 101.45

101.68 110.49 109.49 111.95

105.76 90.65 96.23 110.81

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Ireland**

Italy

Japan

Netherlands

Spain

UK

USA

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

69.55 57.98 51.08 46.36 42.93 42.85 45.25 47.88 50.08 80.90 74.91 101.78 125.15 143.08 148.41 116.63

50.48 49.11 47.24 40.63 33.49 37.92 44.83 41.25 42.45 63.54 73.20 69.16 86.00 143.68 113.67 112.42

47.85 49.29 45.26 40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42 111.12 110.40

43.89 40.36 39.57 34.78 30.41 29.54 40.09 35.81 37.27 55.09 68.86 68.57 79.12 133.50 98.82 95.59

43.24 41.04 39.15 33.84 29.64 32.03 37.30 34.80 36.73 55.89 62.94 60.66 74.06 128.55 85.30 96.14

45.19 46.44 45.51 43.47 40.43 39.73 45.66 40.48 44.03 65.02 70.24 69.91 84.03 139.40 94.70 100.52

36.50 35.17 36.64 33.60 33.64 31.11 35.14 37.61 33.76 40.10 47.39 50.55 49.53 61.88 68.57 67.86

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

149.05 183.45 129.99

110.41 106.55 115.46

109.75 100.47 98.86

94.64 93.55 87.80

88.30 79.79 80.33

95.21 89.77 87.45

74.69 68.14 66.19

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

115.73 109.81 121.16 118.76

103.64 112.19 120.46 115.34

93.55 105.22 116.77 124.11

85.59 91.68 101.25 103.55

89.07 90.82 101.68 100.79

94.77 100.83 99.72 106.08

64.67 67.38 68.92 70.67

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. ** On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values and transportation costs result in high import costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 29

Table 14 - EU member states steam coal import costs by origin in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF)

Total* 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Australia

USA

Venezuela

Ukraine

South Africa

P.R. of China**

Indonesia Colombia

Russian Fed.

47.51 45.62 43.52 39.72 34.43 35.22 42.96 38.69 41.94 61.91 71.27 69.80 82.21 137.79 100.28 104.12

45.06 48.25 46.38 40.03 36.68 39.04 44.13 43.28 46.83 69.05 106.40 109.71 103.73 184.75 149.29 197.74

49.12 48.03 48.47 46.99 40.67 41.07 46.52 43.48 47.37 61.50 86.75 82.08 97.50 138.40 107.28 117.46

48.04 47.55 46.10 42.95 37.44 39.53 47.19 47.16 48.43 63.19 79.05 78.43 99.86 160.04 115.88 127.20

47.32 69.30 64.45 46.82 38.31 38.38 50.65 40.11 42.02 76.64 83.76 67.82 82.04 126.33 98.98 105.47

43.76 42.23 40.33 36.30 31.78 33.83 42.32 36.65 39.10 58.00 67.64 66.24 80.25 142.07 95.66 98.50

45.29 46.18 52.87 52.85 32.58 31.45 40.90 44.30 51.38 60.61 93.41 150.20 73.02 161.12 x x

40.67 36.96 33.61 30.77 29.35 30.05 36.08 36.48 39.29 52.56 61.27 61.85 71.95 113.71 93.70 97.55

43.42 41.93 42.29 37.56 32.69 34.22 42.32 36.99 41.65 61.54 67.98 66.07 78.16 138.32 95.99 95.84

42.55 42.48 39.84 37.23 30.96 33.59 42.16 36.79 42.22 65.14 68.46 67.93 79.03 131.62 92.41 97.66

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

99.58 95.61 94.72

134.26 143.49 162.51

109.61 103.96 108.73

98.49 100.89 117.37

102.32 81.14 85.06

93.98 88.25 90.87

x x x

95.38 90.36 86.72

98.97 89.63 85.50

91.72 88.19 85.76

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

97.15 99.39 107.35 111.59

145.35 188.66 206.27 229.83

110.95 119.08 117.90 121.35

114.85 140.52 119.43 128.13

87.55 94.30 110.21 116.94

95.18 96.00 105.88 101.42

x x x x

93.72 88.05 105.99 101.49

88.39 96.37 96.80 101.00

93.88 93.99 98.36 103.88

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Table 15 - EU member states steam coal imports (percentage of total import volume) Total (1000t)

Australia

USA

Ukraine

South Africa

P.R. of China**

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

93569 98684 104437 101228 105052 115495 134211 129543 144176 159053 158166 169992 180746 173544 165336 145629

5.77 3.12 5.48 6.29 8.16 6.40 6.05 6.13 6.46 5.29 3.54 3.43 3.94 4.02 3.04 2.91

21.35 18.20 12.34 7.59 5.38 5.26 6.51 2.92 1.92 2.41 2.03 1.98 2.82 8.44 6.27 8.00

1.78 1.27 2.01 1.97 1.80 2.75 1.92 1.92 1.19 0.85 0.60 0.55 0.61 0.70 0.90 0.65

0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.09 0.07 0.20 0.06 0.26 0.09 0.10 0.92 0.85 0.60 0.73

29.47 28.11 25.50 27.67 30.10 31.53 30.11 33.55 34.50 31.05 30.75 27.44 23.18 18.28 17.30 9.08

1.37 0.38 0.60 0.68 1.19 0.74 2.04 0.75 1.28 0.73 0.14 0.02 0.10 0.06 x x

3.07 3.36 4.26 5.31 5.58 6.85 6.68 7.51 8.12 8.79 8.68 10.94 8.74 8.68 7.94 6.39

10.49 13.47 14.48 14.73 14.82 15.85 13.46 13.89 14.55 13.14 13.55 12.53 14.33 11.56 16.18 16.75

3.94 2.61 2.55 1.66 4.81 7.35 10.29 9.88 11.80 17.26 21.18 25.16 26.51 28.07 28.91 28.71

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

38338 36165 41220

2.76 3.60 2.31

7.35 5.91 5.37

0.49 0.71 1.95

0.27 0.65 0.73

16.11 15.52 14.15

x x x

10.95 5.38 8.26

14.54 18.09 18.40

30.51 29.43 27.42

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

37096 33276 34186 41071

2.47 1.55 4.60 2.98

8.03 7.74 7.21 8.86

0.27 0.50 0.53 1.21

0.50 0.60 0.91 0.87

12.24 9.84 4.96 9.02

x x x x

5.86 6.27 5.37 7.82

16.41 16.13 16.90 17.42

29.44 28.99 29.45 27.19

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Venezuela

Indonesia Colombia

Russian Fed.

*

Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. ** On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values and transportation costs result in high import costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

30 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 16 - Japanese steam coal import costs by origin in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF) Total

Australia

Canada

USA*

South Africa

Russian Federation

P.R. of China

Indonesia

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

47.85 49.29 45.26 40.68 35.87 34.59 37.95 36.95 34.93 51.48 62.73 63.33 70.92 125.42 111.12 110.40

48.87 50.24 45.59 40.80 36.12 34.59 38.32 37.39 35.13 50.20 61.90 63.90 71.03 127.23 111.87 111.12

44.20 45.91 42.01 38.25 33.50 34.72 36.94 37.34 33.82 52.60 63.79 56.32 66.04 125.52 103.84 107.80

52.65 54.32 49.86 47.52 45.37 45.49 45.99 48.63 x 186.48 x 596.68 553.99 151.26 47.12 84.43

48.27 49.86 46.58 41.50 37.34 35.82 38.05 40.30 35.21 x 80.64 x 77.46 105.49 87.62 107.07

43.45 44.63 42.57 38.46 30.24 30.68 37.61 34.35 34.28 59.02 66.10 62.20 72.28 121.34 101.62 106.42

44.48 46.52 44.73 39.96 34.89 33.69 36.95 36.25 35.28 55.06 65.65 63.88 73.60 124.10 118.18 112.29

43.79 45.49 41.63 36.58 32.40 31.85 35.17 34.52 32.72 46.98 59.65 60.31 66.45 116.08 112.99 108.20

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

109.75 100.47 98.86

108.97 101.21 100.69

105.95 101.17 86.96

x x 46.66

72.60 74.07 109.18

103.83 93.65 89.78

132.53 91.51 89.96

114.39 106.37 99.88

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

93.55 105.22 116.77 124.11

93.54 106.02 117.50 125.60

89.38 87.85 110.80 129.35

77.10 54.53 139.71 141.30

91.15 x 101.87 132.18

94.02 100.72 110.85 113.91

90.60 112.08 124.21 129.14

95.98 109.54 111.64 116.94

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Table 17 - Japanese steam coal imports (percentage of total import volume) Russian Federation

Total (1000t)

Australia

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

49394 52339 54195 55081 60321 65295 71144 72829 79605 91517 90978 86673 95169 97184 84205 92925

62.35 60.60 64.22 65.98 64.86 64.05 63.31 62.22 65.13 65.05 65.30 67.27 68.46 71.84 74.93 77.15

3.49 4.86 3.96 3.51 2.18 2.10 0.77 1.18 1.23 1.02 0.80 1.81 2.18 1.97 2.93 2.14

6.24 6.16 4.27 4.78 4.48 4.17 2.14 1.24 x 0.11 x 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.08 0.31

5.95 5.82 5.51 3.97 3.66 2.52 1.52 1.18 0.16 x 0.16 x 0.45 0.15 0.56 0.32

4.06 4.02 3.45 2.37 4.13 4.76 4.59 5.19 4.92 5.41 7.25 6.11 7.91 7.00 7.25 7.60

11.66 12.74 13.50 14.43 14.49 16.99 21.08 21.53 20.82 19.29 17.93 15.74 11.55 8.51 4.91 4.16

6.15 5.59 5.09 4.95 6.12 5.42 6.55 7.38 7.70 9.04 8.56 9.05 9.43 10.27 9.34 8.26

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

17259 22456 22041

71.76 74.00 76.94

3.07 3.46 2.45

x x 0.32

0.85 0.78 0.36

8.32 8.69 6.87

4.10 3.65 4.99

11.90 9.41 8.08

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

21638 22660 25082 23545

77.44 77.60 77.18 76.41

1.12 2.41 2.25 2.69

0.14 0.73 0.16 0.22

0.69 x 0.18 0.44

5.04 8.28 8.41 8.43

5.76 2.77 5.18 2.94

9.80 8.21 6.60 8.65

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

USA*

South Africa

P.R. of China

Indonesia

* On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values and transportation costs result in high import costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 31

Table 18 - Coking coal import costs by importing country in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF)

OECD*

EU member states*

Belgium

France

Germany

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

56.28 57.57 56.19 52.32 45.14 42.45 44.73 46.28 47.07 67.09 97.30 106.60 103.65 189.81 168.33 169.38

58.49 59.74 57.99 54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84 187.29 194.02

57.74 57.33 55.33 52.85 45.69 44.05 48.67 46.59 49.25 78.98 108.68 126.85 120.51 163.26 146.61 180.40

61.82 60.68 57.86 55.60 49.41 47.26 52.47 60.26 62.05 75.46 109.69 133.48 124.63 212.51 204.75 217.32

67.24 62.56 55.02 53.94 45.26 46.10 51.30 59.53 64.00 74.74 113.48 135.72 133.45 182.72 240.22 191.06

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

195.90 144.40 131.42

198.20 172.34 155.40

160.42 130.11 139.53

209.23 194.01 159.52

279.90 248.63 181.49

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

128.13 160.41 187.53 193.44

151.54 176.20 215.63 227.99

139.59 169.22 197.24 212.51

160.87 198.25 249.66 259.65

163.59 159.72 205.03 229.96

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

Japan

Netherlands

Spain

UK

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

57.69 59.34 58.05 56.31 50.28 50.55 55.48 57.67 60.39 77.24 103.02 112.05 118.05 188.97 144.59 176.04

55.03 56.39 55.19 50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13 163.82 151.45

53.77 55.11 54.69 47.19 47.44 46.87 55.37 55.55 63.00 78.99 104.06 125.70 125.84 187.06 182.14 182.24

58.59 60.74 60.62 56.82 51.72 49.11 52.32 57.10 60.44 79.30 116.50 134.81 124.87 211.23 184.13 217.85

57.61 60.59 60.49 57.19 49.41 46.84 53.14 56.81 57.34 77.73 116.05 128.51 120.24 187.79 196.99 184.15

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

153.18 137.19 137.38

198.09 136.07 118.18

210.61 158.12 134.97

168.36 175.43 159.01

224.65 147.26 160.60

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

145.86 172.31 190.69 192.47

115.16 146.58 173.25 170.29

134.90 160.94 206.44 221.35

154.03 199.36 244.62 255.88

142.01 178.34 198.75 217.98

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

* Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

32 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 19 - EU member states coking coal import costs by origin in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF)

Total*

Australia

Canada

USA

Venezuela

South Africa

P.R. of China

Russian Colombia** Federation

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

58.49 59.74 57.99 54.53 48.97 47.88 53.56 56.63 59.61 78.12 109.61 125.86 125.73 197.84 187.29 194.02

57.03 59.72 57.97 55.00 47.33 45.45 51.24 55.52 58.03 73.63 114.89 135.52 127.74 220.54 243.76 213.42

57.02 58.52 57.61 54.18 45.58 45.92 54.59 56.90 61.31 76.64 113.81 137.66 129.45 220.91 223.39 205.20

61.20 62.03 60.08 58.53 54.14 52.91 58.54 61.48 64.18 84.75 110.91 123.44 126.95 175.35 160.22 191.43

43.83 46.16 46.46 49.49 39.99 39.78 53.85 48.24 52.94 65.32 86.45 95.87 104.63 208.10 166.38 123.65

49.65 47.44 43.31 35.83 36.21 39.09 42.10 38.69 39.20 61.31 71.77 66.18 96.82 141.18 81.99 95.76

51.72 107.81 98.25 82.92 50.59 43.24 80.62 80.88 81.65 198.13 219.14 146.38 238.11 276.79 x 253.86

59.04 43.53 44.52 41.94 38.41 35.62 38.69 x 166.16 84.09 104.26 x 92.53 168.27 86.35 136.20

56.00 59.88 54.93 51.08 57.96 42.02 58.89 58.11 47.45 86.41 86.05 81.34 92.15 147.83 108.78 128.15

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

198.20 172.34 155.40

301.99 181.30 175.36

246.24 219.51 159.80

168.81 152.83 148.50

230.05 x 101.73

76.05 82.64 83.68

x x x

80.47 78.33 91.01

100.12 109.93 109.90

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

151.54 176.20 215.63 227.99

161.31 185.49 232.04 251.78

155.40 178.47 243.32 250.31

148.13 178.51 220.18 224.56

97.53 124.40 137.60 127.31

84.62 x x 103.01

x x 253.86 x

100.78 125.10 157.48 163.99

106.88 137.34 118.78 148.79

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Table 20 - EU member states coking coal imports by origin (percentage of total import volume) Total (1000t)

Australia

Canada

USA

Venezuela

South Africa

P.R. of China

Russian Colombia** Federation

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

41610 40237 41020 43874 40867 41854 39634 35659 37119 45224 46435 50980 59801 59952 38977 50068

31.90 29.05 29.64 28.82 37.35 41.27 43.91 44.83 42.79 39.84 39.84 39.50 34.77 28.72 24.01 29.46

10.03 11.67 11.65 10.32 12.85 12.74 13.45 13.37 12.13 12.52 12.73 11.05 11.28 9.67 6.28 6.35

44.70 44.44 41.41 41.88 35.05 30.95 25.31 23.92 24.91 23.30 22.72 21.15 23.41 28.89 34.39 34.60

2.66 3.15 1.33 0.26 0.17 0.52 0.14 2.10 2.44 2.60 1.88 1.70 2.16 1.74 0.28 0.25

1.88 2.86 4.59 6.83 2.68 1.81 4.27 2.66 6.58 6.13 3.97 2.43 1.18 1.46 1.94 0.75

0.30 0.02 0.19 0.01 0.40 0.28 0.76 0.68 0.55 0.35 0.64 0.63 0.30 0.54 x 0.13

0.09 0.13 0.46 0.10 0.56 0.37 0.18 x 0.43 1.10 0.66 x 0.92 2.23 2.54 1.94

1.01 0.33 0.03 0.16 0.71 0.43 0.61 0.71 1.82 2.19 5.67 4.18 5.49 4.25 6.71 5.93

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

6506 9990 11664

19.25 22.49 24.17

2.33 7.38 7.14

38.14 33.26 34.42

0.85 x 0.47

2.17 1.39 2.09

x x x

4.01 2.27 3.52

6.56 8.54 5.08

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

11542 12838 12416 13272

27.00 24.22 31.78 34.52

7.96 5.50 6.43 5.71

35.26 41.58 31.07 30.56

0.09 0.77 0.09 0.05

1.29 x x 1.72

x x 0.54 x

2.41 1.63 1.55 2.19

5.93 5.98 6.39 5.45

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

*

Weighted average based only on imports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. ** On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values and transportation costs result in high import costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 33

Table 21 - Japanese coking coal import costs by origin in USD/tonne (average unit value, CIF)

Total

Australia

Canada

USA*

South Africa

Russian Fed.

P.R. of China*

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

55.03 56.39 55.19 50.98 42.95 39.46 41.13 42.14 41.73 61.40 88.80 93.10 88.43 184.13 163.82 151.45

51.15 54.07 52.73 49.47 41.83 39.01 40.96 43.32 43.56 56.85 96.44 106.20 96.03 206.71 191.58 170.10

64.49 64.44 64.84 59.73 51.05 45.46 47.30 50.50 51.64 62.04 106.05 125.68 112.61 234.34 220.94 191.97

61.37 61.05 61.24 59.53 55.79 52.69 47.81 52.07 42.93 163.61 159.01 159.35 516.32 308.56 241.65 208.24

49.54 50.94 49.64 47.06 39.74 39.99 47.09 x x x x x x x x x

54.81 57.21 57.09 54.63 45.17 43.62 45.52 45.59 46.05 67.98 114.96 116.69 105.45 250.90 190.54 185.00

49.49 51.88 49.98 46.78 40.01 37.12 39.35 38.97 39.09 72.57 100.45 91.98 100.91 256.42 138.99 154.71

48.29 49.01 45.51 39.73 34.07 32.36 35.13 34.12 31.94 40.78 53.51 53.73 60.43 104.80 97.14 96.60

48.26 51.51 45.93 45.58 40.27 37.31 x x x 109.00 x 88.35 x 224.37 120.75 x

62.09 65.82 64.47 58.20 46.05 44.10 47.57 45.45 48.34 72.38 110.52 117.02 108.63 223.89 170.60 187.69

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

198.09 136.07 118.18

234.13 156.04 128.42

272.55 192.50 153.99

369.17 349.71 156.94

x x x

208.08 146.71 154.50

141.00 121.04 118.60

98.47 87.79 84.32

x x 120.75

299.53 140.58 129.09

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

115.16 146.58 173.25 170.29

124.14 157.95 199.22 196.20

146.10 181.55 224.18 225.00

182.06 191.44 227.47 224.22

x x x x

143.73 187.81 196.83 198.44

108.49 176.90 188.83 180.76

86.17 98.63 100.85 101.94

x x x x

168.46 170.69 178.59 227.50

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Indonesia Colombia

New Zealand

Table 22 - Japanese coking coal imports by origin (percentage of total import volume) Total (1000t)

Australia

Canada

USA*

South Africa

Russian Fed.

P.R. of China*

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

74004 73843 75914 73421 74096 76304 79525 80814 82428 82616 83940 84579 85788 88602 73368 85371

46.20 45.51 48.28 47.77 54.89 57.85 57.24 55.70 51.91 51.86 52.29 52.10 55.28 53.24 53.05 52.01

21.61 21.90 21.80 20.87 19.18 15.75 13.83 10.40 9.92 6.44 7.92 8.47 9.90 9.66 9.17 10.02

11.12 8.70 7.01 6.38 2.78 1.93 1.00 0.40 0.08 4.70 2.46 0.49 0.00 1.61 1.05 3.25

4.29 3.43 2.72 2.56 0.78 0.40 0.07 x x x x x x x x x

4.16 4.00 3.57 3.43 3.05 3.09 3.01 3.22 4.36 4.96 3.91 3.84 4.11 3.10 2.92 2.69

3.87 5.01 4.83 4.75 4.25 5.55 9.28 12.74 13.94 10.57 6.77 5.82 2.45 2.60 1.09 0.78

7.83 10.28 10.63 13.02 13.60 13.76 14.47 16.39 18.73 20.14 25.76 28.03 27.60 28.85 31.97 30.62

0.25 0.45 0.40 0.55 0.52 0.13 x x x 0.04 x 0.03 x 0.03 0.04 x

0.65 0.66 0.72 0.51 0.82 1.22 1.10 1.15 1.14 1.23 0.84 1.16 0.60 0.70 0.61 0.56

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

15607 19266 20562

56.25 51.78 54.46

9.18 9.14 9.13

0.75 0.30 1.88

x x x

4.10 2.75 2.36

1.00 0.83 0.70

28.40 33.90 30.94

x x 0.15

0.21 1.29 0.39

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

21098 21413 21008 21853

49.90 52.91 52.23 52.95

10.22 11.90 10.42 7.61

2.30 3.71 3.14 3.83

x x x x

2.09 2.50 3.08 3.08

1.15 0.63 0.45 0.88

34.03 27.60 29.79 31.07

x x x x

0.29 0.75 0.59 0.58

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Indonesia Colombia

New Zealand

* On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values and transportation costs result in high import costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

34 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 23 - Australia, Canada, US: coal export prices in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Australia

STEAM COAL Canada

United States

Australia

COKING COAL Canada

United States

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

34.99 37.77 34.35 30.10 26.49 24.27 28.71 28.01 25.41 37.65 48.86 47.05 51.11 92.23 80.03 85.81

32.90 35.67 32.44 30.24 25.72 24.99 26.01 28.11 35.75 44.75 53.23 45.24 50.51 97.37 84.45 96.12

38.94 36.94 34.84 32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76 81.33 71.63

44.23 47.56 47.37 43.97 35.99 32.85 36.93 40.16 39.75 48.84 88.94 98.27 84.16 194.87 143.83 171.75

48.76 51.52 50.04 46.15 38.19 34.01 43.03 43.90 44.59 51.37 96.26 109.29 98.44 209.51 194.92 198.29

48.47 50.05 49.99 48.55 46.19 42.98 45.88 50.06 49.11 70.14 89.91 111.72 98.10 148.39 129.77 160.32

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

25.04 25.20 25.67

35.75 35.75 35.75

37.04 36.61 37.27

39.89 39.51 39.09

42.86 41.31 38.93

49.19 47.51 48.49

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

29.36 36.68 40.67 43.87

44.75 44.75 44.75 44.75

43.04 56.93 57.34 53.23

40.38 46.16 52.11 55.43

51.37 51.37 51.37 51.37

59.64 72.01 74.22 75.43

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

46.17 48.74 50.67 49.73

53.23 53.23 53.23 53.23

64.85 68.05 70.43 63.86

56.08 87.62 104.21 108.93

96.26 96.26 96.26 96.26

81.19 89.64 94.71 94.77

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

47.27 47.08 47.33 46.53

45.24 45.24 45.24 45.24

67.78 52.07 56.39 49.61

107.23 101.31 94.08 91.27

109.29 109.29 109.29 109.29

101.15 124.70 120.64 99.99

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

47.16 49.45 52.00 55.82

43.44 56.20 50.43 51.96

52.10 42.50 56.33 58.06

89.74 83.47 81.98 81.85

100.00 96.89 105.20 91.66

101.47 95.33 96.81 99.42

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

64.85 87.99 102.70 109.13

61.99 117.23 83.04 112.50

64.84 63.59 56.71 65.84

87.84 166.58 252.44 260.58

89.25 200.09 261.68 313.95

109.02 143.20 164.57 172.67

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

96.19 75.38 75.52 73.38

106.34 85.22 78.04 65.44

85.83 77.99 78.01 84.09

214.42 142.34 122.70 123.24

286.77 201.22 170.90 159.03

147.56 127.04 123.07 124.47

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.42 84.83 89.28 90.86

75.10 91.81 96.12 101.28

70.42 72.85 70.95 71.88

127.32 171.49 194.11 188.88

152.57 204.45 225.49 210.20

129.37 158.44 179.17 177.06

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 35

Table 24 - Australian steam coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Total

EU member states*

Belgium

Germany

Italy

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

34.99 37.77 34.35 30.10 26.49 24.27 28.71 28.01 25.41 37.65 48.86 47.05 51.11 92.23 80.03 85.81

31.05 33.19 31.76 24.54 21.63 20.86 25.86 24.42 25.18 34.44 49.46 49.29 55.42 102.85 72.97 120.56

33.43 36.35 33.24 24.23 21.79 20.72 28.86 22.03 21.12 63.04 x 67.08 x 153.74 x x

24.73 27.94 32.02 22.60 20.61 17.01 28.25 21.50 23.76 22.50 44.09 55.39 x x 87.04 x

32.97 34.02 35.12 25.88 22.37 19.14 31.38 22.62 24.05 29.77 45.88 46.28 44.93 75.81 67.68 x

29.61 39.98 30.51 23.49 23.16 x 28.01 34.99 28.01 51.32 x 42.03 x x x x

37.75 x x 24.50 22.27 21.30 31.07 25.26 24.77 31.26 x x x x x x

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

75.38 75.52 73.38

62.90 67.31 66.24

x x x

x x x

68.06 x 63.98

x x x

x x x

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

76.42 84.83 89.28 90.86

x 120.56 x 0.00

x x x x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x x

x x x x

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

Korea

36.85 38.89 35.40 31.50 27.02 24.72 29.69 29.20 26.00 38.45 49.42 50.59 54.61 103.23 88.54 89.03

34.96 39.03 34.98 31.47 28.10 25.64 27.01 27.22 23.71 39.18 47.24 44.26 47.92 72.77 74.87 81.60

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

84.74 80.97 74.85

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Denmark

France

UK

USA

Hong Kong (China)

33.03 32.65 29.50 23.89 20.49 20.65 26.45 24.65 26.69 42.90 60.71 50.50 49.60 86.94 78.94 x

x x 32.08 25.04 21.52 20.98 22.89 25.12 24.05 35.39 54.27 46.30 x 125.83 65.52 x

34.69 37.20 37.06 34.44 33.65 28.16 35.38 33.26 33.62 33.70 34.02 32.41 33.12 93.38 63.58 62.72

31.94 29.58 28.71 24.59 21.71 22.51 26.97 22.63 24.21 32.43 x 34.08 x 107.25 64.78 91.97

32.62 36.73 33.05 31.33 27.24 24.24 26.71 27.53 24.96 30.18 46.91 40.09 44.44 79.43 81.50 82.08

70.48 73.25 76.03

56.31 67.31 x

68.72 x 77.94

x 64.98 62.04

67.43 58.49 70.89

84.92 75.85 70.68

75.95 87.89 93.77 96.82

76.76 81.80 82.93 84.01

x x x x

x x x x

60.11 x 58.22 65.64

79.44 78.59 104.89 102.97

76.53 80.14 85.11 85.21

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

Chinese Taipei

* Weighted average based only on exports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

36 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 25 - US steam coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Total

EU member states*

Belgium

Canada

France**

Germany

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

38.94 36.94 34.84 32.24 32.02 31.84 34.51 37.70 37.00 53.93 67.09 55.66 52.61 62.76 81.33 71.63

40.91 36.80 35.88 33.05 29.39 28.26 34.69 33.09 32.18 42.06 76.79 64.17 66.30 81.46 95.04 82.21

38.66 40.45 40.06 40.30 42.40 27.48 33.13 33.56 34.26 46.26 58.94 58.36 66.32 89.15 117.67 78.38

33.74 30.98 29.37 29.37 30.13 31.87 33.63 38.97 38.12 46.69 60.16 49.06 44.34 38.83 63.73 64.91

Denmark 35.09 32.29 34.97 37.50 x 27.65 x x 31.05 38.00 42.00 59.11 84.60 96.49 55.70 75.00

38.72 39.83 38.40 39.16 42.14 28.96 30.50 705.00 361.32 114.68 40.17 64.19 91.66 102.43 152.78 88.91

36.72 35.19 38.62 32.83 31.10 29.11 34.17 32.80 29.34 37.13 48.08 69.89 63.28 83.25 101.53 72.38

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

77.99 78.01 84.09

102.19 91.55 88.04

143.54 133.97 65.80

56.80 65.25 71.47

55.70 x x

163.83 158.58 157.82

99.90 91.06 x

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

70.42 72.85 70.95 71.88

80.00 83.70 80.39 83.41

x 88.67 79.45 72.90

84.48 67.02 63.22 61.95

x x x 75.00

107.79 83.67 x 82.93

71.03 75.35 70.58 73.01

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy**

Japan**

Korea**

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

45.97 45.41 43.31 40.12 51.13 30.67 42.50 42.91 46.67 46.90 89.78 51.04 76.87 116.28 107.99 96.09

38.61 40.02 38.55 37.00 35.40 34.90 37.70 40.41 166.40 91.47 105.21 166.53 198.41 143.02 113.97 83.85

36.06 38.93 38.59 37.34 27.50 27.13 28.26 27.63 41.50 68.32 50.14 59.66 61.76 69.48 50.97 44.68

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

91.20 114.95 112.50

294.81 349.32 110.32

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

116.89 104.30 92.59 77.03

1Q2011

..

Chinese Taipei**

Spain**

UK

40.53 36.31 35.86 32.78 28.44 28.90 35.71 36.88 33.13 43.79 76.28 69.91 69.83 79.14 82.78 79.70

45.59 24.47 24.67 24.50 23.34 23.16 23.04 26.52 25.90 29.02 61.22 49.43 45.82 72.22 105.24 69.71

37.01 31.77 33.06 31.21 31.04 28.13 30.25 31.93 29.88 38.73 74.26 52.59 51.74 68.99 72.49 69.60

39.31 38.95 38.26 37.98 37.65 36.61 36.89 144.64 48.50 158.24 165.45 x 56.30 279.17 328.36 417.33

30.77 30.10 69.10

86.64 68.37 87.96

93.39 x x

75.54 74.94 76.10

368.06 294.44 386.08

371.84 62.62 579.64 106.37

35.68 47.05 47.19 45.45

67.95 74.02 83.43 86.19

61.91 73.50 73.50 74.50

75.75 51.35 65.61 75.72

373.21 416.44 445.50 445.50

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

* Weighted average based only on exports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. ** On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values result in high export costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 37

Table 26 - Australian coking coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Total

EU member states*

Belgium

France

Italy

Japan

Korea

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

44.23 47.56 47.37 43.97 35.99 32.85 36.93 40.16 39.75 48.84 88.94 98.27 84.16 194.87 143.83 171.75

44.45 48.56 47.73 44.10 37.59 33.66 39.99 44.34 43.14 51.43 100.84 106.29 93.67 215.74 168.94 193.93

44.65 50.36 46.65 42.49 32.82 31.01 37.47 40.97 40.12 52.40 104.61 102.26 89.48 193.95 133.96 198.00

43.07 47.24 46.71 42.37 36.49 33.37 37.32 41.41 39.06 46.79 96.94 100.91 89.99 193.92 193.51 220.90

42.06 48.57 48.41 44.48 40.38 34.97 42.68 45.90 45.51 51.40 102.14 116.96 99.64 229.97 174.51 208.24

43.37 46.11 45.52 42.47 34.60 31.64 34.46 36.79 36.18 45.51 83.74 94.04 79.50 193.79 165.07 154.53

44.96 48.40 52.73 50.19 41.85 37.56 39.64 43.72 44.18 49.38 90.42 114.37 97.04 207.32 126.83 161.44

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

142.34 122.70 123.24

148.69 151.32 151.04

122.32 129.83 144.49

126.51 203.27 165.91

157.41 148.75 157.48

194.41 130.08 112.84

110.68 100.34 107.23

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

127.32 171.49 194.11 188.88

153.91 181.05 218.85 209.94

192.65 195.78 191.49 210.90

225.14 228.65 218.07 210.95

149.90 206.05 241.04 220.94

106.02 147.37 184.99 179.73

102.34 156.79 195.75 188.30

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

Spain

Turkey

UK

Brazil

India

Chinese Taipei

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

44.75 46.36 47.94 44.03 37.73 34.10 41.09 46.17 45.45 52.07 98.18 102.32 92.15 213.20 196.55 197.71

48.65 49.62 50.23 47.28 39.29 34.81 39.42 43.44 42.51 51.15 98.95 111.44 95.80 231.74 160.60 188.97

44.26 49.59 49.11 43.51 35.93 32.55 35.87 45.14 45.07 52.53 108.84 92.04 77.14 237.21 161.37 160.25

45.13 48.36 47.74 44.83 38.06 33.80 40.13 45.34 43.34 53.67 100.80 104.06 91.38 200.63 149.63 163.56

43.32 45.95 45.12 43.70 35.18 32.34 36.27 41.96 40.17 51.47 98.95 112.79 94.68 187.02 136.98 217.54

47.01 50.58 52.12 49.13 37.14 34.96 39.84 43.53 43.36 53.48 90.81 104.80 91.30 177.64 145.84 191.66

46.90 50.56 51.74 48.62 37.25 35.07 38.54 41.89 43.02 47.41 76.66 85.35 73.20 202.23 169.44 169.07

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

156.23 176.87 184.69

x 142.55 143.34

138.84 124.18 123.04

140.04 131.88 122.23

116.40 123.18 148.25

144.16 127.14 135.13

169.91 148.29 132.91

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

148.89 173.05 230.82 216.54

114.92 169.98 221.76 197.25

118.69 174.91 151.47 188.63

121.53 135.51 203.60 197.27

202.78 223.60 217.08 227.53

149.20 195.72 209.15 202.97

111.80 185.70 189.06 178.09

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Weighted average based only on exports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

38 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 27 - US coking coal export prices by destination in USD/tonne (average unit value, FOB)

Total

EU member states*

Belgium

Canada

France

Italy

Japan

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

48.47 50.05 49.99 48.55 46.19 42.98 45.88 50.06 49.11 70.14 89.91 111.72 98.10 148.39 129.77 160.32

51.13 53.12 52.87 51.67 49.27 45.58 50.10 53.14 52.19 63.60 89.53 102.37 99.84 132.75 124.64 157.76

50.67 53.66 53.28 51.59 48.50 44.05 46.99 52.19 50.48 66.19 88.93 99.65 98.07 127.74 126.93 156.58

40.31 39.67 37.59 38.79 36.01 35.61 37.58 42.46 40.37 55.21 71.82 85.70 84.83 100.31 99.83 123.73

49.69 51.95 52.03 50.64 47.10 44.19 48.54 54.96 55.56 71.81 99.69 102.30 96.39 126.48 123.78 143.17

51.38 52.80 53.85 52.63 51.02 49.45 53.11 56.41 54.49 66.99 86.21 104.96 104.34 121.55 128.06 160.27

45.35 46.51 45.94 45.98 44.46 41.99 x x 56.01 98.14 100.61 89.80 x 157.59 181.25 166.81

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

127.04 123.07 124.47

125.10 122.12 120.59

124.62 123.09 122.96

95.91 99.48 103.37

117.33 123.75 119.50

138.05 124.13 124.02

x 145.18 150.24

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

129.37 158.44 179.17 177.06

124.34 157.71 183.09 174.27

130.58 160.51 189.05 158.28

115.11 118.88 124.52 128.72

128.49 141.17 152.07 170.72

126.89 171.05 166.58 180.24

129.87 159.49 191.25 186.52

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea**

Netherlands

Spain

Turkey**

UK

Brazil

Chinese Taipei**

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

50.69 50.79 52.56 51.13 49.61 47.01 42.33 x x 108.58 96.12 101.68 80.75 182.56 118.13 156.11

51.32 52.13 51.92 51.25 47.90 45.46 48.90 55.39 52.13 72.20 93.04 95.44 94.55 129.86 124.48 139.66

53.04 56.13 54.27 53.21 51.38 43.31 50.95 51.54 49.47 49.70 77.98 97.67 102.18 131.61 129.74 167.89

47.93 49.10 50.79 49.51 42.44 38.17 36.09 49.98 47.95 73.43 111.52 102.15 96.89 224.53 126.34 171.77

51.83 54.11 53.46 52.34 49.25 46.13 47.73 49.98 50.77 61.35 92.21 108.20 99.41 133.40 117.05 145.13

48.38 49.31 48.67 46.97 43.44 38.51 43.20 51.80 49.29 64.14 93.28 104.93 97.36 158.07 133.27 171.14

49.03 49.86 47.35 47.12 41.00 39.00 x x 426.44 76.01 x x x 180.50 115.00 187.51

2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

102.20 115.56 111.69

145.20 118.39 115.67

126.42 130.68 130.93

107.18 113.76 120.06

104.81 126.72 115.46

121.59 127.72 128.32

x x 115.00

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

119.20 151.44 199.98 189.67

113.36 134.33 163.11 160.47

132.22 176.16 201.98 166.66

126.53 191.23 166.77 209.34

110.58 158.66 161.15 140.98

141.60 161.89 189.79 199.65

x 188.00 187.05 x

1Q2011

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

*

Weighted average based only on exports for which prices are available. Calculated average prices may not be comparable from one month to the next due to differing components. ** On occasion, shipments of extremely small quantities of coal with high values result in high export costs.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 39

NOTES ON DEFINITIONS AND REGULATIONS FOR OIL IMPORTS Following are the typical specifications of other crude oils previously imported in significant quantities.

CRUDE OIL Import costs of crude oil have been obtained from the monthly Crude Oil Import Register submitted to the IEA Secretariat. Details on national duties and regulations for crude oil imports are given below. In general, imported products are subject to the same domestic taxes as domestically refined products (exception: Japan) or to import duties which are equivalent to these taxes (Australia, Switzerland).

Mexico Olmeca Norway Gullfaks Norway Statfjord Oman Syria Light UK Brent blend Venezuela Light

Following are the typical product quality specifications of the 32 most imported crude oils into IEA countries.

OIL PRODUCTS

Source: International Crude Oil Market Handbook 2010, Energy Intelligence Group).

European Union

Abu Dhabi Murban Abu Dhabi Upper Zakum Abu Dhabi Zakum Algeria Saharan Blend Azeri BTC Brazil Marlim Canada Heavy Canada Light Sweet Danish Blend Iran Heavy Iran Light Iraq Basrah Light Iraq Kirkuk Kazakhstan Kuwait Blend Libya Light Libya Medium Mexico Maya Nigeria Light Nigeria Medium Norway Ekofisk Norway Troll Norway Oseberg Qatar Marine Saudi Arabia Heavy Saudi Arabia Medium Saudi Arabia Light Saudi Arabia Berri UK Forties Urals Venezuela Extra Heavy Venezuela Medium

API gravity (o)

Sulphur (%)

39.6 34.0 40.9 45.7 36.6 19.2 20.9 34.3 33.6 29.5 33.4 30.2 34.3 44.8 30.5 42.1 36.9 21.8 38.9 30.9 38.0 33.4 37.8 32.7 27.6 30.5 33.0 39.5 40.3 31.8 15.0 27.0

0.79 1.89 1.03 0.10 0.16 0.78 3.05 0.28 0.26 1.99 1.36 2.52 2.28 0.57 2.60 0.15 0.34 3.33 0.12 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.27 1.85 2.94 2.56 1.83 1.07 0.56 1.35 3.07 1.54

API gravity (o)

Sulphur (%)

38-39 37.5 39.5 33.3 38.2 38.5 31.5

0.79 0.23 0.22 1.14 0.72 0.41 0.73

The European Union applies no quantitative restrictions (quotas) to crude and product imports. Crude oil imports are duty free, as are feedstocks for refining and petrochemical processing. Finished products are subject to duties. For HFO and gasoil (with a sulphur content greater than 0.2% by weight) it is 3.5%. For lighter products it is 4.7%, which is applied or not depending upon their origin. Customs duty is not applied on imports from the EU, EFTA and ACP countries nor from Israel. Under the General System of Preferences 2002-2004, (GSP) products from over 150 non-OECD countries, including the GCC, Venezuela and the ex-USSR Republics can be imported free of duty. The exceptions are Libya, Russia and Saudi Arabia whose finished products exports to the European Union are now subject to a full tariff. Therefore, duty is applied on those products destined for consumption in the European Union and most imports from Saudi Arabia, Libya, Russia and some OECD countries (including the United States and Canada). The exception is gasoil (sulphur content not exceeding 0.2% by weight), for which the duty rate of 3.5% is reduced to zero for an indefinite period regardless of the origin of the product.

Austria Tariffs (ad valorem duty) Gasolines: Kerosenes: Gasoils: Fuel oils:

6% 6% 0 - 3.5% ≥ 3.5%

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

40 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Imports from EFTA and EU countries are duty free. Other GATT countries are subject to a preferential treatment. There are no quantitative restrictions on imports. Source: Ministry of Economic Affairs.

France France applies no restriction to crude or oil products imports. Nevertheless, certain oil products are subject to an import licence, except those coming from countries with preferential treatment or from the European Union.

Ireland From July 2001 onwards, oil companies are no longer obliged to purchase 20% of their gasoline and middle distillate requirements from the domestic refinery.

Spain Imports of oil products are subject to state trading but customs duties have been established recently. The right to import products is reserved to the company operator of the Oil Distribution Monopoly and to other firms if these have a delegated authority and necessary licences.

Australia Importers of oil products pay customs duty at a rate equal to the excise duty levied on domestically refined products. There are no quantitative restrictions on imports.

Canada No duties are payable on petroleum product imports and there are no quantified restrictions.

Japan

Crude Oil: The existing customs duties on crude oil (170 JPY/kilolitre) were abolished as of 1 April, 2006. Oil Products: The rates as of December 2005 are listed in the table below. The government is expected to eventually abolish all the customs duties on oil products, as they are by definition a temporary measure. Tariffs Fuel oil A (< 0.3% sulphur) Fuel oil A (> 0.3%)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

JPY/kl

Fuel oil C (< 0.3%) Fuel oil C (> 0.3%) Kerosene Gas oil Gasoline

2 376 3 202 564 1 257 1 386

Switzerland Importers of oil products have to pay duties equivalent to the excise tax charged to domestic refiners when they deliver products to the domestic market. Products are not eligible for preferential tariff treatment. Refineries are treated as "before tax zones". Refined products are taxed as soon as they leave refinery areas.

Turkey There is no restriction on crude oil or oil product imports and no custom duty for crude oil. The tax and fund rates on imported petroleum products and also products which are produced by using imported crude oil are given below. The excise tax and Fuel Price Stabilising Fund are fixed. In January 1996, Turkey signed the Customs Union Agreement with the European Union. Therefore, customs duty is not applied on imports from the European Union, EFTA countries or Israel. Customs duties (%)

VAT (%)

0.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 3.5 3.5 3.5

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

LPG Unleaded gas. Other gasoline Kerosene Jet fuel Diesel fuel Heating fuel Fuel oil

Excise Fuel price tax stabilising fund 363 808 780 908 793 124 491 700 525 673 222 475 75 250

9 000 10 600 500 -

United States

Updated using Facts Energy Insights, Issue 68, December 2005.

Product

Product

JPY/kl 2 593 3 306

The main oil products do not fall under the US preferential system from which most OPEC countries are, inter alia, excluded. Crude oil import duties Oil product tariffs cents/bbl cents/gal cents/bbl cents/gal > 25 API < 25 API Naphtha Gasoline Diesel oils Heavy fuel Lubricants x = Not applicable.

10.5 5.25 x x x x x

0.25 1.25 x x x x x

x x 10.5 52.5 10.5 10.5 84.0

x x 0.25 1.25 0.25 0.25 2.00

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 41

NOTES ON DEFINITIONS OF NATURAL GAS TRADED INTERNATIONALLY EU MEMBER STATES Import prices have been derived from customs statistics reported by the member countries to Eurostat, except in the case of Germany, where for January 2005 onwards the prices are derived from statistics published on the website of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. The import values reported by the Member countries are in thousand EUR, imported quantities are reported in Terajoules from January 2005 onwards and in thousand tonnes before. From January 2005 onwards, the import costs are derived by dividing values in Euros by quantities reported in Terajoules. These are then converted to national currency/MBtu. Prior to January 2005, import costs are derived from dividing values in Euros by quantities reported in kilograms, which are then converted to national currency/MBtu. The IEA has converted the historical data from thousand EUR/tonne to USD/MBtu, using the following average energy conversion factors for natural gas: Product LNG (at 15 o C) Gas (by pipeline)

Country of origin

Tonne/ MBtu

All

51.3

Denmark Norway Netherlands United Kingdom Russian Federation Algeria

49.9 49.9 42.9 51.0 51.8 48.0

The derived import price merely gives an indication of the average import cost rather than a precise and exact import price. Please note that for some countries (e.g. Germany) there is no breakdown available by origin.

JAPAN The Customs Statistics of Japan’s Ministry of Finance publish import data for liquefied natural gas in JPY/tonne. The factors above have been used to compute the average unit import values per heat unit in the preceding tables on natural gas. They represent gross calorific values (as they are used to define natural gas in commercial contracts) for a volume unit at 15o Celsius and 760 mm Hg (standard cubic metre). For purposes of cross-fuel analysis, net calorific values are more appropriate (see General Notes and Definitions at the beginning of Part II). Net calorific values per standard cubic metre have been used in tables of Part II.B and D. Their amounts are listed in the country notes at the beginning of Part II and are equivalent to 90 % of the gross calorific value.

UNITED STATES Import prices for the United States have been converted from USD/BCF (billion cubic feet) to USD/MBtu using an average conversion factor of 1 020 Btu/cubic foot. These data are published by the Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, Monthly Energy Review.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

42 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NOTES ON DEFINITIONS AND REGULATIONS FOR COAL TRADED INTERNATIONALLY GENERAL NOTES Gross calorific values are generally used to identify varieties of coal in a commercial context. Net calorific values are more appropriate for inter-fuel analysis (please see General Notes and Definitions at the beginning of Part II). Starting on 1 January 1988, Australia, Japan and the European Community adopted the Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) for classifying internationally traded commodities. Commodity codes used for classifying coking and steam coal are given for both the old and new systems. Differences between export and import average unit values can be significantly different due to variations in shipping/handling cost, but also to time lags between the reporting of contracted exports and reporting of landed imports. It may, therefore, take time for changes in export unit values to be reflected in the import unit values.

AUSTRALIA Australian average export prices are derived from volume and value data from Australian export statistics. Source: Australian submission to the IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire (NCV) and Australian Bureau of Statistics (GCV). Definitions used for steam coal and coking coal are derived from the national foreign trade classification which is based on the HS. From 1 July 1995 onwards, items recorded under HS item 2701.12.19 are now recorded under HS item 2701.1214.

Steam coal From 1Q88 onwards, bituminous coal excluding metallurgical coal (e.g. steaming coal), item 2701.11299. Prior to 1Q88, non metallurgical coal (item 3251005) and nonhigh-ranking coking coal (item 3251013), provided it was shipped to Europe.

Coking coal From 1Q88 onwards, high-ranking metallurgical coal, item 2701.11213. Prior to 1Q88, high-ranking metallurgical coal (item 3251003) and non-high-ranking coking coal (item 3251005), provided it was not shipped to Europe.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CANADA Canadian average export prices are derived from volume and value data from Natural Resources Canada. Source: Natural Resources Canada, Mineral and Metal Sector.

Steam coal Prices refer to other bituminous coal and anthracite.

Coking coal Prices refer to metallurgical bituminous coal.

EU MEMBER STATES Import Duties: There is no EU import duty on coal. However Germany and Spain apply import duties on volumes beyond a certain threshold (Germany: 10.23 EUR/t). The Spanish threshold is redefined every year. Neither country has seen actual imports reach the threshold. Prices in the preceding tables on coal imports have been derived from the monthly customs statistics in volumes and values as they are reported by member countries to the statistical office of the European Communities. From 1999 onwards, prices for Belgium and Luxembourg are shown separately. Prior to 1986, prices do not include Spain and Portugal. Source: Statistical office of the European Communities. The definitions of steam coal and coking coal in terms of the Combined Nomenclature are based on the HS.

Steam coal From 1Q88 onwards, bituminous coal excluding coking coal (items 2701.12-90 and 2701.19-00). Prior to 1Q88, other hard coal (item 2701-18), excluding anthracite (item 2701-11) and dry steam coal (item 2701-14).

Coking coal From 1Q98 onwards, coking coal (item 2701.12-10). Prior to 1Q88, coking coal (item 2701-16).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 43

JAPAN

Steam coal Prices refer to other bituminous coal.

Import Duties: There are no import duties levied on coal imports.

Coking coal

Average import prices have been derived from volume and value data from monthly customs statistics. The definitions used for steam and coking coal were derived from the terms of the national foreign trade classification, based on the HS.

Prices refer to bituminous low ash coal.

Steam coal and anthracite

Average export prices are derived from volume and value data of US custom statistics published by the Bureau of Census. The definitions used for steam coal and coking coal are in terms of national tariff positions. From 3Q06 average export prices are taken from the Quarterly Coal Report of the Energy Information Administration.

From 1Q88 onwards, item 2701.12-099 and 2701.19-090. Prior to 1Q88, sub-item 199 of item 2701.

Coking coal From 1Q88 onwards, items 2701.12-011, 2701.12-091, 2701.12-092, 2701.12-019 and 2701.19-010. Prior to 1Q88, sub-items 121, 129, 191 and 192 of item 2701.

SOUTH AFRICA Average export prices are derived from volume and value data in South African export statistics. The definitions used for steam coal and coking coal are derived from the terms of the national categories. Source: South African Coal Report.

UNITED STATES

Source: Bureau of Census and Energy Information Administration.

Steam coal Bituminous coal, anthracite, and lignite (items 2701.110000; 2701.12-0050, respectively).

Coking coal Low-volatile bituminous coal and blends for use in the manufacture of coke (item 2701120010).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 45

PART II

ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN OECD COUNTRIES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

46 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

GENERAL NOTE ON DEFINITIONS, METHODS AND SOURCES References throughout the publication to national currency for the EMU countries represent Euro. Please see below for more details. For country-specific exceptions and additional methodological information please refer to the detailed notes following each set of country tables in Part II.B. All prices, taxes and indices for the most recent quarter are preliminary (e.g. the third quarter in the third quarter edition). Also, in the case of the fourth quarter edition, the most recent year is preliminary (e.g. year 2010 for the 4th Quarter 2010 edition). These prices, taxes and indices are revised and updated in the subsequent edition.

INDICES OF ENERGY END-USE PRICES These indices have been derived from the nominal enduse prices (including taxes) shown in Part II.B of this publication. The methodology for calculating the real and nominal indices of energy end-use prices is as follows: For products where more than one price is available, a representative series is created for each country. The representative heavy fuel oil price is a combination of high sulphur fuel oil and low sulphur fuel oil. The representative motor gasoline price is a combination of the most consumed unleaded gasoline for recent time periods and leaded gasoline for earlier time periods. For oil, the industry index includes representative heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and automotive diesel but not fuels used for electricity generation. The household index includes representative gasoline and light fuel oil. For coal, the industry index includes representative steam coal and coking coal. The household index includes steam coal. Indices with the base year 2005=100 were computed for each price series from prices in national currencies and then aggregated over product groups, sectors and countries. The Paasche formula was used for index computation. The weights used were the physical quantities consumed, as published in the OECD/IEA Energy Statistics of OECD countries. To calculate the real price index, the nominal prices were deflated with country-specific producer price indices (2005=100) for the industry sector and with country-specific consumer price indices (2005=100) for the household sector. The regional aggregates were calculated as the weighted averages of

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

country specific indices, using consumption quantities as the weights. Missing data for prices in national currencies in Part II.B tables were estimated for the index calculations. Certain series with missing data for approximately 10 years or more have been omitted. For more information on the index calculation, please contact us at [email protected].

CONSUMER & PRODUCER PRICE INDICES The consumer price index (CPI), the producer price index (PPI) and the consumer price index for energy (CPI energy) were taken from the OECD Main Economic Indicators. In 2Q2009 the OECD revised their methodology for the PPI, with the aim of improving the quality and comparability of PPIs. For Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland, the series now refer to the countries’ total market. For Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, the European Union, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States, the series now refer to the countries’ domestic markets. This series is also used for the OECD total. Where new series begin more recently than series previously used, the historical data has been estimated using the growth rates of the old series. The estimated data (from 1978 onwards) are as follows: Austria until 1999; Belgium, Canada until 2000; the Czech Republic, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom, the United States, OECD Europe, OECD Total, the European Union 27, the Euro Area until 1989; Denmark until 1984; Finland, France, Japan, Korea, Poland until 1994; Greece until 1980; Hungary, Ireland until 1997; Italy until 1990; Luxembourg until 1979; Mexico and the Slovak Republic until 1993; the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden until 1989; Switzerland until 2002; Turkey until 1981.In addition to this, certain missing historical series have been estimated using International Financial Statistics from the International Monetary Fund. These are as follows: Belgium and Luxembourg for 1978-79; the Czech Republic and Portugal and the Slovak Republic

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 47

for 1978-89; Greece, Italy and the Netherlands for 197880; Hungary and Poland for 1978-94; Sweden and Turkey for 1978-81.

ENERGY END-USE PRICES, TAXES AND PRICE INDICES IN NATIONAL CURRENCIES

Sources Most of the prices in the country tables are submitted on a quarterly or annual basis to the IEA Secretariat by Administrations; others are taken from national publications or web sites. Whenever possible, reference is made to the national publication that provides additional detail and/or time periods. Please see the country specific notes for details.

General definitions

Oil products

Unless otherwise specified, the quarterly prices since 1Q93 refer to the three-month average of the quarter. Prior to 1Q93 the prices refer to the second month of the quarter. Annual data are twelve-month averages.

By decision dated 26 January 1977, the European Commission initiated a weekly reporting system of enduse prices and taxes for the following products: RFO 1 (sulphur content 250 m3/year

From 23 May 1990 and until 1999, different tax levels were introduced, as follows: From

To

EUR/ 107 kcal

ITL/ 107 kcal

Cooking and water heating in the South 01.01.94 24.02.95 16.01.99 01.11.99

23.02.95 15.01.99 31.10.99 31.12.99

21.57 42.00 42.47 37.75

41 758 81 319 82 242 73 088

48.52 57.89 63.56 93.08 114.64 135.07 136.50 131.78

93 956 112 088 123 077 180 220 221 978 261 538 264 308 255 154

Other uses in the South 23.05.90 22.07.90 01.01.91 13.05.91 01.01.94 24.02.95 16.01.99 01.11.99

21.07.90 31.12.90 12.05.91 31.12.93 23.02.95 15.01.99 31.10.99 31.12.99

Cooking and water heating in other areas 23.05.90 08.03.91 01.01.94 24.02.95 16.01.99 01.11.99

07.03.91 31.12.93 23.02.95 15.01.99 31.10.99 31.12.99

43.70 6.81 28.38 48.81 49.28 44.56

84 615 13 187 54 945 94 505 95 429 86 275

92.22 111.24 116.91 146.42 167.99 188.42 190.45 185.72

178 571 215 385 226 374 283 516 325 275 364 835 368 758 359 604

EUR/ 107 kcal 17.04 20.72 17.04

ITL/ 107 kcal 33 000 40 110 33 000

Other uses in the other regions 23.05.90 22.07.90 01.01.91 13.05.91 01.01.94 24.02.95 16.01.99 01.11.99

21.07.90 31.12.90 12.05.91 31.12.93 23.02.95 15.01.99 31.10.99 31.12.99

Excise tax prior to May 1990 From

To

01.01.78 01.01.80 01.03.80

31.12.79 29.02.80 15.01.88

From

To

16.01.88 01.08.88

31.07.88 22.05.90

EUR/ 107 kcal 22.70 43.70

ITL/ 107 kcal 43 956 84 615

Regional tax: From 1 January 1991 onwards, an additional local tax is applied in most Italian regions. The total amount cannot exceed 50% of the value of the national excise tax. From 1 January 1997, the upper limit was increased to 34.05 EUR/107 kcal (65 935 ITL/107 kcal). Prior to 1 January 1997, the tax was 5.68 28.38 EUR/107 kcal (10 989 - 54 945 ITL/107 kcal). Specifications GCV:

9 100 kcal/m3

Source: From 2004 onwards, Ministry of Economic Development. Prior to 1999, SNAM.

COAL From 1Q83 onwards, prices refer to first month of each quarter. Prior to 1Q83, prices refer to quarterly averages.

Steam coal for industry Prices refer to the average import price (CIF). Specifications Sulphur content: Ash content: NCV: GCV:

1% 14 - 16% 6 162 kcal/kg 6 890 kcal/kg

Source: Italian customs statistics via Eurostat in Luxembourg.

Steam coal for electricity generation From 2002 onwards prices refer to semestrial averages of hard coal imported from third countries. Prior to 2000, prices refer to annual and quarterly average expenditure/ tonne incurred by ENEL for consumption of steam coal (including transport). Specifications NCV:

5 900 kcal/kg

Source: From 2002 onwards, Ministry of Economic Development. Prior to 2000, ENEL.

Coal for households Prices refer to the wholesale price for Milan. Specifications Quality: Size:

Coking coal 40/70 mm

Source: Staffetta Quotidiana Petrolifera. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

188 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ITALY

Coking coal

Households

Prices refer to the average import price (CIF).

General tax (VAT)

Specifications

From

To

%

28.04.95

now

10

Sulphur: content Ash content: Water: Volatile matters: Grain size: NCV: GCV:

1% 6% 5% 21% 0/30 mm 6 650 kcal/kg 7 000 kcal/kg

Excise tax: From 14 May 1991 onwards, excise tax is not charged on the first 150 kWh per month of consumption (for clients with capacity up to 3kW).

Source: Italian customs statistics via Eurostat in Luxembourg.

From

To

01.01.75 31.05.88 01.01.96

30.05.88 31.12.95 now

EUR/ kWh 0.0006 0.0021 0.0047

ITL/ kWh 1.1 4.1 9.1

Special taxes: The following tax excludes the first 150 kWh per month of consumption.

ELECTRICITY

Local tax (applied by “comuni”*)

Prices refer to annual average revenues received by ENEL from industry and households.

Industry From

To

01.01.75

30.05.88

01.01.01

To

01.01.01 now

EUR/ kWh 0.0186 0.0204

ITL/ Notes kWh 36.0 up to 3kW 39.5 over 3kW

* municipalities Source: ENEL.

Excise tax

31.05.88

From

31.12.00

now

EUR/ kWh

ITL/ Notes kWh

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

0.0006

1.10 first 200 MWh/ month

0.0003

0.65 all additional consumption

0.0021

4.10 first 200 MWh/month

Annual indices are 12-month averages. From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Prior to 1Q93, indices refer to the second month of each quarter.

0.0013

2.45 all additional consumption

Sources: Wholesale: National Statistical Office (ISTAT), Bollettino Mensile di Statistica, monthly.

0.0031

6.00 all additional consumption

Retail: Eurostat, Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP).

Provincial tax (applied by “provincia”):

Oil products

From

To

Wholesale: Petrolio greggio e prod. petroliferi.

27.12.83

EUR/ kWh

ITL/ kWh

31.12.84

0.0023

4.5

01.01.85

30.06.86

0.0026

5.0

01.07.86

28.02.87

0.0028

5.5

01.03.87

30.04.87

0.0041

8.0

01.05.87

31.12.87

0.0041

8.0

01.01.88

29.07.88

0.0044

8.5

30.07.88

31.12.00

0.0059

11.5

01.01.01

now

See below

Notes

From 2001 onwards, the provincial tax is levied for the first 200 MWh consumed per month. The provincial taxes vary among provinces. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: Weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (cp0453) and HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Electricity Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Coal products Wholesale: Carboni fossili. Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 189

JAPAN Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Yen

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

30979 32105 31044 34270 37211 49202 62528 65152 93114 52101 62052

-

1549 1605 1552 1714 1861 2460 3126 3258 4656 2605 3103

1549 1605 1552 1714 1861 2460 3126 3258 4656 2605 3103

32528 33710 32596 35984 39072 51662 65655 68409 97769 54706 65155

23026 25132 24045 26261 27573 36736 50526 54291 76462 .. ..

.. ..

1151 1257 1202 1313 1379 1837 2526 2715 3823 .. ..

1151 1257 1202 1313 1379 1837 2526 2715 3823 .. ..

24177 26389 25247 27574 28952 38573 53052 57006 80285 .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

66348 60164 60384 72000 80834

-

3317 3008 3019 3600 4042

3317 3008 3019 3600 4042

69666 63173 63403 75600 84876

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Kerosene for households (per 1000 litres) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

27391 28335 27002 29224 32578 44044 53198 55063 79190 42960 52272

2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040

1472 1519 1452 1563 1731 2304 2762 2855 4062 2250 2716

3512 3559 3492 3603 3771 4344 4802 4895 6102 4290 4756

30902 31894 30494 32827 36349 48388 58000 59959 85292 47250 57028

42907 45372 41378 43506 46973 58736 73738 73579 99015 61468 70591

2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040

2247 2371 2171 2277 2451 3039 3789 3781 5053 3175 3632

4287 4411 4211 4317 4491 5079 5829 5821 7093 5215 5672

47195 49783 45589 47824 51463 63815 79566 79399 106108 66683 76263

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

55896 50023 51610 61451 ..

2040 2040 2040 2040 ..

2897 2603 2683 3175 ..

4937 4643 4723 5215 ..

60833 54666 56333 66666 ..

71929 72351 71552 80634 ..

2040 2040 2040 2040 ..

3698 3720 3680 4134 ..

5738 5760 5720 6174 ..

77667 78111 77272 86808 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise Consump. Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise Consump. Total Total price tax tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

26.7 28.5 27.4 29.4 34.2 45.5 55.7 59.0 82.5 44.6 53.6

34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 32.7 34.1 34.1

1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.9 3.1 4.2 2.3 2.8

35.6 35.7 35.6 35.7 36.0 36.5 37.0 37.2 36.9 36.5 36.9

62.3 64.2 63.0 65.2 70.1 82.0 92.7 96.2 119.4 81.1 90.5

44.8 47.8 46.2 47.9 51.3 62.9 75.0 80.6 102.5 66.0 74.8

34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 32.7 34.1 34.1

2.3 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 3.2 3.9 4.1 5.2 3.4 3.8

36.5 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.8 37.4 38.0 38.3 37.9 37.5 38.0

81.3 84.5 82.8 84.5 88.1 100.3 113.0 118.9 140.5 103.5 112.8

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

55.5 54.5 54.2 63.1 ..

34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 ..

2.9 2.8 2.8 3.3 ..

37.0 37.0 37.0 37.4 ..

92.5 91.5 91.1 100.5 ..

77.6 76.1 74.9 83.0 ..

34.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 ..

4.0 3.9 3.8 4.3 ..

38.1 38.0 38.0 38.4 ..

115.7 114.2 112.9 121.4 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

190 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

JAPAN Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Yen

Ex-tax price

Regular unleaded (91 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Automotive LPG for commercial use (per litre) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

45.1 46.1 45.4 47.5 53.2 64.8 75.1 77.3 95.7 58.6 70.8

53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 55.8 55.8 53.7 55.8 55.8

4.9 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.9 6.5 6.7 7.5 5.7 6.3

58.7 58.8 58.8 58.9 59.1 59.7 62.4 62.5 61.2 61.6 62.2

103.9 104.9 104.2 106.3 112.3 124.5 137.5 139.8 156.9 120.2 132.9

.. .. 47.1 48.6 48.5 51.1 58.6 62.0 77.0 58.9 65.1

.. .. 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8

.. .. 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.4 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.7

.. .. 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.8 13.2 13.4 14.1 13.2 13.5

.. .. 59.7 61.3 61.2 63.9 71.8 75.4 91.1 72.2 78.6

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

74.3 72.1 70.2 78.5 ..

55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 ..

6.5 6.4 6.3 6.7 ..

62.3 62.2 62.1 62.6 ..

136.7 134.3 132.4 141.1 ..

66.8 62.3 64.0 .. ..

9.8 9.8 9.8 .. ..

3.8 3.6 3.7 .. ..

13.6 13.4 13.5 .. ..

80.4 75.7 77.5 .. ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise Consump. Total Total price tax tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. 50.7 52.2 52.1 54.6 62.3 65.7 81.2 63.6 69.5

.. .. 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8

.. .. 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.8 4.5 3.7 4.0

.. .. 12.8 12.9 12.9 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.3 13.5 13.8

.. .. 63.5 65.1 64.9 67.7 75.7 79.3 95.5 77.1 83.3

46476 47027 42607 42488 40412 42103 48253 50920 .. .. ..

.. .. ..

2324 2351 2130 2124 2020 2105 2412 2546 .. .. ..

2324 2351 2130 2124 2020 2105 2412 2546 .. .. ..

48800 49378 44737 44612 42432 44208 50665 53466 .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

71.3 67.0 68.5 .. ..

9.8 9.8 9.8 .. ..

4.1 3.8 3.9 .. ..

13.9 13.6 13.7 .. ..

85.2 80.6 82.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Ex-tax price 132858 135175 129639 131933 130906 130606 137286 138717 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. ..

6643 6759 6482 6596 6545 6530 6864 6936 .. .. ..

6643 6759 6482 6596 6545 6530 6864 6936 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

139501 141934 136121 138529 137451 137136 144150 145653 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 191

JAPAN Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Yen

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

3733 4575 4585 3980 5506 6781 7222 8105 12435 10074 8883

460 640 700 700 700

187 229 229 199 275 339 384 437 657 539 479

187 229 229 199 275 339 844 1077 1357 1239 1179

3920 4804 4814 4179 5781 7120 8066 9183 13792 11313 10062

4203 4940 4725 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

210 247 236 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

210 247 236 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9376 9603 8269 .. ..

700 700 700 .. ..

504 515 448 .. ..

1204 1215 1148 .. ..

10580 10818 9417 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

4413 5187 4961 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4358 5088 5463 5050 6691 10220 11179 10717 19659 16629 12711

460 640 700 700 700

218 254 273 253 335 511 582 568 1018 866 671

218 254 273 253 335 511 1042 1208 1718 1566 1371

4576 5342 5736 5303 7026 10731 12220 11925 21377 18196 14082

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

14118 14630 11267 .. ..

700 700 700 .. ..

741 767 598 .. ..

1441 1467 1298 .. ..

15559 16097 12565 .. ..

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise Consump. Total tax tax tax

Total price

14.28 14.30 13.28 12.99 12.67 12.47 12.57 12.63 13.34 13.69 12.53

0.45 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.43 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38

0.71 0.71 0.66 0.67 0.66 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.69 0.70 0.65

1.16 1.16 1.11 1.10 1.08 1.04 1.05 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.02

15.44 15.46 14.39 14.09 13.75 13.51 13.62 13.66 14.40 14.76 13.55

21.55 21.28 20.36 20.07 19.79 19.40 19.34 19.42 19.91 19.91 19.03

0.45 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.43 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38

1.08 1.06 1.02 1.03 1.01 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.02 1.01 0.97

1.53 1.51 1.47 1.46 1.44 1.39 1.39 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.35

23.08 22.79 21.83 21.53 21.22 20.79 20.73 20.78 21.30 21.30 20.37

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

13.42 13.75 13.85 13.55 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

20.09 21.13 20.47 19.85 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

192 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

JAPAN Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

58.1 59.6 56.0 53.5 50.8 51.0 54.0 58.2 54.7 55.6 65.4 68.9 72.4 76.4 83.0 100.0 118.6 125.8 153.2 99.9 116.6

Electricity

Retail 2005 = 100 92.5 96.9 94.7 95.1 92.8 89.1 86.3 87.7 82.5 81.8 86.5 88.1 85.6 87.4 91.0 100.0 110.6 113.4 129.4 103.0 112.2

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

116.7 116.7 116.7 116.3 114.8 114.6 111.2 115.1 110.7 108.5 109.2 107.6 105.2 103.1 102.5 100.0 100.7 101.1 104.8 104.2 101.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

88.6 92.2 92.5 92.7 91.9 92.1 92.9 98.1 96.4 96.8 98.2 100.1 99.4 99.4 99.2 100.0 104.8 106.5 113.5 112.8 111.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

76.9 75.2 75.0

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

103.1 103.3 103.1

.. .. ..

99.5 99.7 99.6

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

76.5 80.5 85.7 89.5

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

102.9 102.5 102.7 101.9

.. .. .. ..

99.4 98.9 98.9 99.3

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

87.4 97.5 104.5 110.5

94.5 99.0 102.2 104.4

.. .. .. ..

100.8 99.4 99.3 100.6

.. .. .. ..

99.6 100.0 99.6 100.7

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

113.4 118.7 125.3 116.9

106.6 109.9 114.5 111.5

.. .. .. ..

102.2 100.6 99.9 100.2

.. .. .. ..

103.1 105.0 105.7 105.5

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

112.6 122.1 129.4 139.0

107.1 110.0 115.3 121.3

.. .. .. ..

101.4 100.8 100.6 101.6

.. .. .. ..

106.1 106.2 106.2 107.6

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

146.0 156.4 184.1 126.1

125.4 127.9 146.2 118.3

.. .. .. ..

102.7 104.3 105.9 106.3

.. .. .. ..

110.5 112.2 114.8 116.5

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

88.1 95.1 107.2 109.1

97.5 100.9 106.5 107.1

.. .. .. ..

111.0 105.6 100.4 99.6

.. .. .. ..

117.7 115.2 110.1 108.4

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

114.5 121.7 114.5 116.3

108.7 114.7 113.1 112.3

.. .. .. ..

100.6 100.2 101.7 101.6

.. .. .. ..

110.4 111.6 112.8 112.7

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

130.0 ..

119.2 ..

.. ..

100.5 ..

.. ..

112.9 ..

.. ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

JAPAN

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 193

Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Assumed density:

JAPAN GENERAL NOTES

Fuel Oil A 1% (maximum) 0.95 t/kl

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation

From 4Q84 onwards, prices refer to the second month of the quarter. Prior to 4Q84, prices refer to the first month of each quarter. See individual products for details. General tax (consumption tax) From

To

01.04.89

31.03.97

% 3

01.04.97

now

5

Price shown is average annual expenditure per tonne incurred by the nine major electric power companies. Specifications Density: Sulphur content:

0.95 t/kl (assumed) 0.66% (1987 average) 0.84% (1978 average)

Source: METI, based on nine electric utilities.

Light fuel oil for industry Prices refer to unweighted average prices surveyed in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

OIL PRODUCTS For import duties on crude oil and oil products, see notes concerning oil imports at the end of Part I. Excise tax: General petroleum excise tax on all crude oil refined in Japan (rates excluding LPG): From

To

%

01.01.78

31.08.84

3.5

01.09.84

31.07.88

4.7

01.08.88

now

JPY/ kl

2 040

The Japanese government only publishes official prices for gasoline and kerosene, and only for the Tokyo area, based on a survey carried out by the Management Coordination Agency. The Bank of Japan surveys and publishes price indices for various kinds of oil products. Sources: Unless specified otherwise, Economic Research Association, Weekly Commodity Prices Survey operated in 32 locations throughout the country. Data reported to the IEA by METI.

High sulphur fuel oil Prices refer to unweighted average prices surveyed in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: Delivery:

Fuel Oil C 3% (maximum) 0.95 t/kl (assumed) By road tanker

Low sulphur fuel oil Prices refer to unweighted average prices surveyed in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

Source: Economic Research Association.

Light fuel oil for households The fuel used in Japanese households is almost exclusively kerosene. Prices refer to unweighted average prices surveyed in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya. Specifications Specific gravity: Delivery size:

0.80 t/kl 18-litre containers

Automotive diesel General tax (consumption tax): Amounts are only applied to the ex-tax price. Excise tax From

To

JPY/ litre

01.06.79 01.12.93

30.11.93 now

24.3 32.1

Prices refer to unweighted average prices surveyed in Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

Gasoline Excise tax: As shown in tax column (at present: 45.6 JPY/litre gasoline tax and 8.2 JPY/litre road tax). Prices refer to the unweighted average price for Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya.

Automotive LPG Excise tax From

To

01.01.70

now

JPY/ litre 9.8

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

194 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Specifications Density:

JAPAN

Specifications Sulphur content:

0.56 kg/l

Source: The Oil Information Centre, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan.

Source: Monthly Customs Statistics.

NATURAL GAS

Coking coal for industry

Source: METI, Tokyo.

Industry and households Excise tax: The following amounts are included in the ex-tax price. From

To

01.09.84 01.08.88 01.10.03 01.04.05

31.07.88 30.09.03 31.03.05 now

GCV:

0.71% (1984) 0.56% (1978) 5 375 kcal/kg (domestic) 6 354 kcal/kg (imported)

%

JPY/ tonne

1.2 720 840 960

Special tax

From 1Q90 onwards, prices refer to imported coking coal prices. Prior to 1Q90, prices refer to the weighted average of domestic and imported coking coal prices. Domestic prices refer to the average of various free-gate prices to major domestic steel mills, and were adjusted from an original fiscal year to a calendar year base. Specifications GCV:

6 904 kcal/kg

Source: Monthly Customs Statistics, average unit values and volumes for tariff positions 2701.12-011, 2701.12-019, 2701.12-091 and 2701.12-092.

ELECTRICITY

Gas tax From

To

01.01.78

31.03.89

% 2

The gas sold in Japan is a mix of coal-based gas (0.2%), oil-based gas (6.8% LPG) and natural gas-based gas (93%). Prices are derived from fiscal year average revenues per 107 kcal received by three major gas utilities from industry and households. Industry includes commercial and wholesale use. Specifications GCV:

3

11 000 kcal/m

Electricity generation Prices are derived from fiscal year average expenditure per 107 kcal of LNG incurred by the nine major electric utilities. Specifications GCV:

13 000 kcal/kg

COAL Steam coal From 1Q95 onwards, prices refer to imported steam coal prices. Prior to 1Q95, prices refer to weighted averages of import prices and domestic prices. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Special tax Electric power source development promotion tax From

To

01.11.74 01.07.80 01.10.83 01.10.03 01.04.05 01.04.07

30.06.80 30.09.83 30.09.03 31.03.05 31.03.07 now

JPY/ kWh 0.085 0.3 0.445 0.425 0.4 0.375

Prices shown for industry and households are derived from financial year (APR2008-MAR2009 for 2008) average revenues per kWh received by the ten major electric power companies under contracts for "power" (industry and commercial) and for "light" (households). After the liberalisation of the retail electricity market in 2000, some large companies entered into the market, but the "industry" price shown does not include retailing prices by those companies. Sources: METI, Tokyo. Data published: Annual reports from the 10 major electric power companies.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Sources: Wholesale: EDMC Energy Trend, Institute of Energy Economics. Retail: Monthly Statistics of Japan,

JAPAN

Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan.

Oil products Wholesale: Wholesale price index of petroleum products, Petroleum products total. Data correspond to fiscal year, from 1 April to 31 May.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 195

Retail: Consumer price index, petroleum products.

Electricity Retail: Consumer price index, electricity.

Natural gas Retail: Consumer price index, gas.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

196 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KOREA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Korean Won

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

292726 306720 316469 327472 351217 384203 466945 464212 702652 588890 683836

1824 5483 9134 12184 15824 19486 20703 20703 20703 20703

29273 30855 32195 33661 36340 40003 48643 48492 72336 60959 70454

29273 32679 37678 42795 48524 55827 68129 69195 93039 81663 91157

321999 339399 354147 370266 399742 440030 535074 533407 795691 670553 774994

283346 296126 307147 317399 341052 388794 450088 445370 671852 535980 636129

1824 5483 9134 12184 15837 19486 20703 20703 20703 20703

28335 29795 31263 32653 35324 40463 46957 46607 69256 55668 65683

28335 31619 36746 41787 47508 56301 66443 67311 89959 76372 86387

311681 327745 343893 359186 388560 445095 516531 512681 761811 612352 722516

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

684321 678182 699715 785029 ..

20703 20703 20703 20703 ..

70502 69889 72042 80573 ..

91206 90592 92745 101277 ..

775527 768774 792460 886305 ..

634529 642308 643842 728523 ..

20703 20703 20703 20703 ..

65523 66301 66454 74923 ..

86227 87005 87158 95626 ..

720755 729312 730999 824149 ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Kerosene for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

409637 418624 371470 422005 502548 594060 671175 675826 1030479 779038 865855

85740 103153 131675 159853 186875 200625 177100 177100 93150 98325 103500

49538 52178 50315 58186 68942 79469 84828 85293 112363 87736 96935

135278 155331 181990 218038 255817 280094 261928 262393 205513 186061 200435

544915 573955 553460 640043 758365 874154 933103 938218 1235992 965099 1066290

423227 424340 372353 420843 496828 590463 668608 669674 1030296 780581 870278

85740 103150 131675 159853 186878 200625 177100 177100 93150 98325 103500

50897 52749 50403 58070 68371 79109 84571 84677 112345 87891 97378

136637 155899 182078 217922 255248 279734 261671 261777 205495 186216 200878

559864 580239 554431 638765 752076 870196 930278 931451 1235791 966797 1071156

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

865558 873094 896764 1015948 ..

103500 103500 103500 103500 ..

96906 97659 100026 111945 ..

200406 201159 203526 215445 ..

1065963 1074253 1100290 1231393 ..

868094 873115 899797 1025161 ..

103500 103500 103500 103500 ..

97159 97662 100330 112866 ..

200659 201162 203830 216366 ..

1068753 1074277 1103627 1241527 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

377.40 377.36 347.85 389.94 459.54 560.23 637.76 646.06 988.21 737.31 846.81

179.66 208.62 268.23 316.91 365.45 419.26 471.58 508.80 479.72 520.46 518.18

55.71 58.60 61.61 70.69 82.50 97.95 110.95 115.49 146.79 125.78 136.50

235.37 267.22 329.84 387.60 447.95 517.21 582.52 624.29 626.52 646.24 654.68

612.77 644.58 677.69 777.54 907.49 1077.44 1220.28 1270.35 1614.72 1383.55 1501.49

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

856.92 854.61 872.16 1005.85 ..

518.18 518.18 518.18 518.18 ..

137.51 137.28 139.03 152.40 ..

655.69 655.46 657.21 670.58 ..

1512.61 1510.07 1529.37 1676.43 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 197

KOREA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Korean Won

Ex-tax price

Regular unleaded (92 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

396.14 419.40 409.63 433.23 497.28 554.52 609.72 641.55 858.20 692.96 808.13

738.75 744.24 744.06 743.76 743.68 743.80 743.97 744.55 682.60 745.66 745.89

113.49 116.36 115.37 117.70 124.10 129.83 135.37 138.61 154.08 143.86 155.40

852.24 860.60 859.43 861.46 867.78 873.63 879.34 883.16 836.68 889.52 901.29

1248.38 1280.00 1269.06 1294.69 1365.06 1428.15 1489.06 1524.70 1694.88 1582.48 1709.42

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

821.31 811.22 825.89 955.44 ..

745.89 745.89 745.89 745.89 ..

156.72 155.71 157.18 170.13 ..

902.61 901.60 903.07 916.02 ..

1723.92 1712.82 1728.95 1871.46 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. 331.73 362.96 394.50 437.94 477.33 707.44 534.33 644.75

.. .. .. 184.07 249.39 262.78 241.89 226.30 208.19 221.06 221.06

.. .. .. 51.58 61.24 65.73 67.99 70.36 91.56 75.54 86.58

.. .. .. 235.65 310.63 328.51 309.88 296.66 299.75 296.60 307.64

.. .. .. 567.38 673.59 723.01 747.82 773.99 1007.19 830.93 952.39

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

649.51 633.39 639.87 750.40 ..

221.06 221.06 221.06 221.06 ..

87.06 85.45 86.09 97.15 ..

308.12 306.51 307.15 318.21 ..

957.63 939.90 947.02 1068.60 ..

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. 302034 332270 394750 388891 673467 507672 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. 33300 43563 59399 66275 70260 69449 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 33300 43563 59399 66275 70260 69449 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price .. .. .. .. 350600 358132 406054 440308 477535 537579 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. 335334 375833 454149 455166 743727 577122 ..

.. .. .. .. 432131 447736 489742 530513 562078 597038 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 40805 43723 65376 71640 72377 73738 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 40805 43723 65376 71640 72377 73738 ..

.. .. .. .. 391405 401855 471430 511948 549912 611317 705128

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

705128 705128 705128 746795 ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. 40805 43723 65376 71640 72377 73738 ..

.. .. .. .. 47294 49146 55512 60215 63445 67078 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 88098 92869 120888 131855 135822 140816 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price .. .. .. .. 520229 540605 610630 662368 697900 737853 757372 757372 757372 757372 799893 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

198 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KOREA Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Korean Won

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price 62210 62210 62469 65598 62495 64479 54853 65984 129536 113138 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. 54543 56432 49119 56055 100149 105229 ..

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. 78452 112530 107902 96501 256398 203671 ..

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

58.30 61.56 59.02 60.30 60.23 60.25 61.92 64.56 66.24 73.69 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

94.72 91.57 87.01 88.00 90.94 91.07 93.70 94.78 97.58 98.07 96.40

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

90.10 110.60 94.50 96.50 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 199

KOREA Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 2005 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale 2005 = 100

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale 2005 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

22.0 23.7 25.0 26.5 26.3 28.4 34.0 42.8 58.9 56.1 66.6 70.5 71.7 79.2 89.3 100.0 111.1 117.0 154.8 132.0 149.3

27.0 30.5 32.9 35.0 35.7 36.6 42.1 51.8 69.0 69.8 77.5 80.8 80.2 85.0 92.5 100.0 106.5 109.7 130.6 116.8 127.4

73.7 73.5 78.4 78.7 78.7 81.3 82.5 84.9 93.0 93.9 98.8 102.0 101.8 101.7 100.3 100.0 102.1 105.5 105.5 111.8 116.1

75.8 80.6 89.5 90.7 90.7 91.2 91.5 93.8 102.4 103.3 103.8 108.5 107.0 103.5 100.8 100.0 101.5 101.9 101.9 101.9 102.7

39.9 37.2 35.5 30.7 28.3 28.9 34.3 39.6 45.3 45.0 66.7 68.3 63.7 72.3 81.8 100.0 120.5 122.8 211.4 154.3 162.8

49.1 48.7 49.4 51.3 50.2 50.8 52.4 56.8 77.7 72.6 82.8 98.3 88.1 92.7 95.6 100.0 114.5 120.1 128.7 137.1 142.7

55.8 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.7 55.7 56.6 62.5 72.3 83.0 83.0 83.1 87.2 91.7 100.0 108.2 119.0 134.2 152.3 161.2

62.2 66.5 69.7 72.6 76.9 79.1 81.1 82.1 92.4 91.8 91.3 91.6 91.6 93.8 97.1 100.0 102.1 109.7 129.6 141.5 164.2

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

76.4 77.6 80.6

84.1 83.5 85.1

101.7 101.7 101.7

103.3 103.3 103.3

72.6 70.0 69.1

95.7 93.9 90.4

87.1 87.1 87.5

93.8 93.9 94.8

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

85.9 87.5 90.5 93.3

89.8 91.1 94.1 95.0

101.1 100.0 100.0 100.0

103.3 100.0 100.0 100.0

72.3 78.3 85.2 91.3

93.0 94.2 94.2 101.1

91.5 91.5 91.5 92.1

96.6 96.9 96.9 98.0

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

90.1 96.7 105.2 108.0

94.0 97.8 103.2 105.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

85.3 92.9 106.3 115.6

102.7 96.1 99.1 102.1

98.4 98.4 98.4 104.9

99.8 99.8 99.7 100.7

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

108.8 113.6 115.9 106.2

105.3 108.0 109.7 103.0

102.1 102.1 102.1 102.1

101.5 101.5 101.5 101.5

116.0 117.9 127.1 121.1

109.1 109.1 119.5 120.4

108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2

102.2 102.0 102.1 102.1

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

105.5 114.0 118.5 129.9

102.6 109.1 110.7 116.3

105.5 105.5 105.5 105.5

101.9 101.9 101.9 101.9

117.1 114.6 121.9 137.6

113.8 115.0 122.2 129.5

119.0 119.0 119.0 119.0

102.0 111.5 112.0 113.1

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

139.3 165.5 176.7 137.6

122.6 137.5 141.9 120.5

105.0 105.0 105.0 106.9

101.9 101.9 101.9 101.9

158.9 199.7 220.9 265.9

125.8 128.5 128.7 131.6

130.9 130.9 130.9 144.0

114.2 133.6 134.6 136.1

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

121.1 127.5 139.0 140.5

110.0 115.3 120.9 121.0

108.5 108.7 114.9 114.9

101.9 101.9 101.9 101.9

212.4 128.8 130.0 145.9

132.3 134.1 140.8 141.0

150.5 150.5 150.5 157.6

137.0 137.1 137.1 154.8

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

146.0 149.8 147.8 153.4

124.8 128.5 127.7 128.7

114.9 114.9 116.8 117.8

101.9 101.9 103.2 103.9

154.7 164.3 172.8 159.6

141.2 141.2 143.7 144.5

161.2 161.2 161.2 161.2

164.1 164.1 164.1 164.3

1Q2011 2Q2011

171.4 ..

141.0 ..

117.8 ..

103.9 ..

167.4 ..

149.0 ..

161.2 ..

164.5 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

200 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KOREA

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use

KOREA

Price shown refers to the price at service stations. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT) From

To

%

01.01.00

now

10

Sources: Korea National Oil Corporation (oil products) and from 2010 onwards, the Korean Energy Economics Institute’s Korea Energy Review Monthly (natural gas, coal and electricity). Prior to 2010, the source for natural gas, coal and electricity was the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. Prior to 2003, the source for steam coal for industry was the Korean Energy Economics Institute.

Diesel 0.001% 0.84 t/kl (assumed) 8 476 kcal/l

Gasoline Price shown is refers to price at service stations. Specifications Grade and octane: Density: NCV:

Premium unleaded 95 RON Regular unleaded 92 RON 0.74 t/kl (assumed) 7 164 kcal/l

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use Price shown refers to the price at service stations.

OIL PRODUCTS High sulphur fuel oil for industry Prices refer to the refinery price. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Bunker type C above 3.0% 0.944 t/kl (assumed) 9 203 kcal/kg

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry Price shown refers to the refinery price. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Bunker type C below 1.0% 0.944 t/kl (assumed) 9 203 kcal/kg

Specifications Quality:

Butane

NATURAL GAS VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry and electricity generation because it is refunded.

Industry and households Prices refer to industrial and residential town gas prices. Prior to 2010, prices were derived from average revenues per 107 kcal received by gas utilities in big cities from industry and households. Specifications GCV:

10 400 kcal/m3

Light fuel oil for industry

Electricity generation

Price shown refers to the price at service stations.

Prices are derived from fiscal year average revenues per 107 kcal received by the major Korean gas utility KOGAS from electricity generation.

Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Heating oil 0.87 t/kl (assumed) 8 117 kcal/kg

Light fuel oil for households

Specifications GCV:

10 400 kcal/m3

COAL

Price shown refers to the price at service stations.

Steam coal for industry

Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Kerosene 0.87 t/kl (assumed) 8 356 kcal/kg

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Specifications Quality: NCV:

Anthracite 6 600 kcal/kg.

KOREA

ELECTRICITY For industry, prices refer to average revenues per kWh for industrial service. For households, prices in 2010 and onwards refer to retail prices for lighting and prior to 2010 prices refer to average revenues per kWh for residential service.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 201

Retail: Consumer price indices (all cities, special groups), petroleum products.

Electricity Wholesale: Producer price indices (basic groups), electric power supply. Retail: Consumer price indices (all cities), electric charges.

Natural gas ENERGY PRICES INDICES

Wholesale: Import price indices, liquefied natural gas.

Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average.

Retail: Consumer price indices (all cities), piped natural gas.

Source: Bank of Korea, Economic Statistics System.

Coal

Oil products

Wholesale: Producer price indices (basic groups), anthracite.

Wholesale: Producer price indices (basic groups), petroleum products.

Retail: Consumer price indices (all cities), coal briquettes.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

202 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LUXEMBOURG Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

189.14 167.59 172.59 177.45 156.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax 6.20 6.20 6.20 13.00 13.00 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

6.20 6.20 6.20 13.00 13.00 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price 195.34 173.79 178.79 190.45 169.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

305.70 277.87 257.30 268.58 313.66 421.14 468.60 471.95 621.17 404.62 516.14

18.59 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.59 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00

-

18.59 18.59 18.59 18.59 18.59 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00

324.29 296.46 275.89 287.17 332.25 442.14 489.60 492.95 642.17 425.62 537.14

305.70 277.87 257.30 268.58 313.66 421.14 468.60 471.95 621.17 404.62 516.14

5.21 5.21 5.05 5.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

37.31 33.97 31.48 32.83 38.84 51.74 57.43 57.83 75.74 49.75 63.14

42.51 39.18 36.54 37.83 48.84 61.74 67.43 67.83 85.74 59.75 73.14

348.22 317.05 293.84 306.40 362.50 482.88 536.03 539.79 706.91 464.37 589.28

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

528.89 510.76 544.82 613.01 ..

21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 ..

..

21.00 21.00 21.00 21.00 ..

549.89 531.76 565.82 634.01 ..

528.89 510.76 544.82 613.01 ..

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 ..

64.67 62.49 66.58 74.76 ..

74.67 72.49 76.58 84.76 ..

603.56 583.25 621.40 697.77 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.347 0.318 0.297 0.302 0.347 0.468 0.520 0.523 0.662 0.433 0.557

0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.265 0.278 0.290 0.302 0.302 0.310

-

0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.265 0.278 0.290 0.302 0.302 0.310

0.600 0.571 0.549 0.555 0.600 0.733 0.798 0.813 0.964 0.735 0.867

0.347 0.318 0.297 0.302 0.347 0.468 0.520 0.523 0.662 0.433 0.557

0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.253 0.265 0.278 0.290 0.302 0.302 0.310

0.090 0.086 0.083 0.083 0.090 0.110 0.120 0.122 0.145 0.110 0.130

0.343 0.339 0.336 0.336 0.343 0.375 0.398 0.412 0.447 0.412 0.440

0.689 0.656 0.632 0.638 0.690 0.843 0.918 0.935 1.109 0.845 0.997

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.566 0.552 0.591 0.664 ..

0.310 0.310 0.310 0.320 ..

..

0.310 0.310 0.310 0.320 ..

0.876 0.862 0.901 0.984 ..

0.566 0.552 0.591 0.664 ..

0.310 0.310 0.310 0.320 ..

0.131 0.129 0.135 0.148 ..

0.441 0.439 0.445 0.468 ..

1.007 0.991 1.036 1.132 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 203

LUXEMBOURG Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Euro Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.401 0.379 0.360 0.354 0.389 0.476 0.518 0.530 0.578 0.456 0.573

0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.442 0.442 0.442 0.462 0.462 0.462 0.462

0.093 0.090 0.088 0.087 0.100 0.138 0.144 0.149 0.156 0.138 0.155

0.465 0.462 0.460 0.459 0.542 0.580 0.586 0.611 0.618 0.600 0.617

0.866 0.841 0.820 0.813 0.931 1.056 1.104 1.141 1.195 1.056 1.190

0.367 0.338 0.318 0.323 0.366 0.447 0.499 0.514 0.562 0.438 0.549

0.372 0.372 0.372 0.372 0.442 0.442 0.442 0.462 0.462 0.462 0.462

0.089 0.085 0.083 0.084 0.097 0.133 0.141 0.146 0.154 0.135 0.152

0.461 0.457 0.455 0.456 0.539 0.575 0.583 0.608 0.616 0.597 0.614

0.828 0.795 0.773 0.778 0.905 1.022 1.082 1.122 1.178 1.035 1.163

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.583 0.557 0.591 0.650 ..

0.462 0.462 0.462 0.462 ..

0.157 0.153 0.157 0.167 ..

0.619 0.615 0.619 0.629 ..

1.202 1.172 1.210 1.279 ..

0.560 0.532 0.568 0.629 ..

0.462 0.462 0.462 0.462 ..

0.153 0.149 0.155 0.164 ..

0.615 0.611 0.617 0.626 ..

1.175 1.143 1.185 1.255 ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.312 0.281 0.275 0.297 0.314 0.354 0.389 0.411 0.448 0.362 0.464

0.055 0.055 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054

0.022 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.024 0.027 0.028 0.030 0.025 0.031

0.077 0.075 0.074 0.075 0.076 0.078 0.081 0.082 0.084 0.079 0.085

0.389 0.356 0.349 0.372 0.390 0.432 0.470 0.493 0.533 0.441 0.549

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.450 0.439 0.511 0.532 ..

0.054 0.054 0.054 0.054 ..

0.030 0.030 0.034 0.035 ..

0.084 0.084 0.088 0.089 ..

0.534 0.523 0.599 0.621 ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 276.19 328.00 333.23 .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price 282.08 316.30 272.95 285.91 279.22 362.65 420.09 .. 548.43 470.84 467.32 .. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.27 6.27 6.27

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.95 -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23.22 6.27 6.27

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. 12.54 12.54 12.54

16.93 18.98 16.37 17.15 16.75 21.76 25.20 .. 33.66 29.00 28.79

16.93 18.98 16.37 17.15 16.75 21.76 25.20 .. 46.20 41.54 41.33

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 299.41 334.27 339.50

299.01 335.28 289.32 303.07 295.98 384.41 445.30 .. 594.63 512.38 508.65 .. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

204 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LUXEMBOURG Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

275.58 276.53 282.32 291.42 292.61 301.50 x x x x x x x x x x

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0756 0.0941 0.0801 .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax x x x x x

33.07 33.18 33.88 34.97 35.11 36.18 x x x x x

33.07 33.18 33.88 34.97 35.11 36.18 x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0035 0.0041 0.0067

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0047 0.0059 0.0052

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0082 0.0100 0.0119 .. .. .. .. ..

Total price 308.65 309.72 316.20 326.39 327.72 337.68 x x x x x x x x x x

Total price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0838 0.1041 0.0920 .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price 0.1016 0.1029 0.1118 0.1191 0.1110 0.1311 0.1256 0.1509 0.1293 0.1480 0.1335 .. .. .. .. ..

0.0106 0.0122 0.0080 0.0098 0.0122 0.0200 .. .. .. .. ..

0.0061 0.0062 0.0067 0.0071 0.0071 0.0085 0.0082 0.0095 0.0083 0.0096 0.0092 .. .. .. .. ..

0.0061 0.0062 0.0067 0.0071 0.0071 0.0191 0.0204 0.0175 0.0181 0.0218 0.0292 .. .. .. .. ..

0.1077 0.1091 0.1185 0.1262 0.1181 0.1502 0.1461 0.1684 0.1474 0.1698 0.1627 .. .. .. .. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 205

LUXEMBOURG Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 63.1 58.6 61.2 79.9 78.6 73.4 74.8 84.3 100.0 110.4 112.2 132.1 105.2 120.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 88.0 88.1 88.4 87.3 85.3 87.4 89.9 92.0 100.0 107.0 112.7 111.3 122.3 117.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77.3 78.1 73.7 82.8 96.1 86.9 88.4 89.3 100.0 122.9 121.4 148.4 135.2 139.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 90.5 91.9 93.2 96.1 99.4 97.0 97.0 97.3 100.0 101.3 103.5 102.6 104.1 105.4

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

73.8 73.9 73.2

.. .. ..

90.2 90.1 90.1

.. .. ..

88.0 89.1 88.6

.. .. ..

97.1 97.1 97.1

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

76.7 82.4 85.9 92.3

.. .. .. ..

91.9 92.0 92.0 92.0

.. .. .. ..

87.9 86.5 88.6 94.3

.. .. .. ..

97.1 97.1 97.3 97.7

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

89.4 96.3 105.5 108.7

.. .. .. ..

100.0 99.4 100.0 100.6

.. .. .. ..

95.7 97.6 100.1 106.6

.. .. .. ..

98.9 100.4 100.4 100.4

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

106.4 114.2 115.7 105.5

.. .. .. ..

107.0 107.0 107.0 107.1

.. .. .. ..

118.2 120.2 123.7 129.5

.. .. .. ..

100.8 101.5 101.5 101.5

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

105.1 111.0 113.4 119.4

.. .. .. ..

114.0 114.6 111.1 111.1

.. .. .. ..

127.4 116.6 115.9 125.6

.. .. .. ..

103.0 103.0 103.6 104.3

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

126.5 139.2 143.0 119.7

.. .. .. ..

111.1 111.4 111.4 111.4

.. .. .. ..

135.7 142.2 151.4 164.3

.. .. .. ..

104.8 101.4 102.0 102.0

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

100.5 103.4 108.2 108.7

.. .. .. ..

121.9 122.5 122.5 122.5

.. .. .. ..

150.0 130.5 129.3 130.9

.. .. .. ..

102.0 103.5 105.5 105.6

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

114.4 121.8 121.1 124.1

.. .. .. ..

115.3 118.0 118.4 119.2

.. .. .. ..

135.1 134.3 142.3 146.6

.. .. .. ..

105.6 103.5 104.9 107.6

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

135.1 ..

.. ..

117.2 ..

.. ..

147.5 ..

.. ..

108.9 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

206 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LUXEMBOURG

LUXEMBOURG

Light fuel oil General tax (VAT)

GENERAL NOTES From 4Q89 onwards, prices refer to the weekly average of the quarter. Prior to 4Q89, prices refer to second month of each quarter. See individual products for details. General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry, electricity generation or automotive diesel for commercial purposes because it is refunded. From

To

01.01.78

31.12.83

01.01.84

31.12.92

01.01.93

now

From

To

%

01.01.93

now

12

Excise tax for industry Excise tax does not apply to agriculture. From

To

EUR/ kl

LUF/ kl

01.01.93

31.12.04

18.59

750

01.01.05

now

21.00

Excise tax for households From

To

EUR/ kl

LUF/ kl

5

01.01.93

6

01.03.02

28.02.02

5.21

210

31.12.03

5.00

15

01.01.04

now

%

OIL PRODUCTS Sources: Ministry of Energy, following the specifications of an EC decision of 26 January 1977. Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Specifications Quality: Density: Delivery size: NCV:

Gasoil chauffage 0.845 t/kl 1.5 - 2 kl 10 250 kcal/kg

Automotive diesel oil General tax (VAT): Applies to non-commercial use. See general notes for Luxembourg.

High sulphur fuel oil

Excise tax

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

From

From 1Q94 onwards, high sulphur fuel oil is no longer consumed in industry.

10.00

To

EUR/ litre

LUF/ litre

Prior to

31.12.91

0.107

4.30

01.01.92

19.01.92

0.146

5.90

20.01.92

29.03.92

0.154

6.20

30.03.92

30.08.92

0.161

6.50

31.08.92

03.01.93

0.181

7.30

04.01.93

18.07.93

0.206

8.30

19.07.93

12.12.93

0.228

9.20

13.12.93

06.03.94

0.235

9.50

07.03.94

30.06.94

0.242

9.75

01.07.94

02.04.95

0.248

10.00

03.04.95

31.12.04

0.253

10.20

Specifications

01.01.05

31.12.05

0.265

Quality: Density: Sulphur content: Delivery size: NCV:

01.01.06

31.12.06

0.278

01.01.07

31.12.07

0.290

01.01.08

31.12.09

0.302

01.01.10

31.12.10

0.310

01.01.11

now

0.320

Specifications Density: Sulphur content: Delivery size: NCV:

0.95 t/kl 1 - 3.8% < 24 000 t/year 9 650 kcal/kg

Low sulphur fuel oil Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Fuel oil lourd BTS 0.95 t/kl 1% < 10 000 t/year 9 650 kcal/kg

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

LUXEMBOURG

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 207

Gasoline

Automotive LPG Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

General tax (VAT) Leaded gasoline From

To

%

01.01.84

31.12.91

12

01.01.92

09.04.99

15

10.04.99

now

NATURAL GAS

no longer consumed

General tax (VAT)

Unleaded gasoline From

To

01.01.84

31.12.91

6

01.01.92

31.12.04

12

01.01.05

now

15

%

From

To

01.01.78 01.01.84

31.12.83 now

% 5 6

Prices shown are representative rates for industry and households. Specifications NCV:

Excise tax Leaded gasoline

8 700 kcal/m3 (households)

Source: Statistical Office of Luxembourg (STATEC).

From

To

EUR/ litre

LUF/ litre

Prior to

31.12.87

0.222

8.96

01.01.88

31.12.91

0.247

9.96

01.01.92

19.01.92

0.277

11.16

20.01.92

02.08.92

0.284

11.46

Steam coal for households

03.08.92

13.09.92

0.296

11.96

General tax (VAT)

14.09.92

03.01.93

0.309

12.46

04.01.93

18.07.93

0.334

13.46

From

To

19.07.93

30.06.94

0.356

14.36

01.07.94

09.10.94

0.393

15.86

10.10.94

10.03.99

0.399

16.11

01.07.83 01.01.93 01.04.06

31.12.92 31.03.06 now

11.03.99

09.04.99

0.424

17.11

10.04.99

now

no longer consumed

COAL

% 6 12 no longer consumed

ELECTRICITY

Unleaded gasoline From

To

EUR/ litre

LUF/ litre

01.01.88

31.12.91

0.222

8.96

01.01.92

03.01.93

0.252

10.16

04.01.93

18.07.93

0.269

10.86

19.07.93

30.06.94

0.304

12.26

01.07.94

09.10.94

0.341

13.76

10.10.94

10.03.99

0.347

14.01

11.03.99

31.12.03

0.372

15.01

01.01.04

31.12.06

0.442

01.01.07

now

0.462

Specifications Grade and Octane:

Premium unleaded 98 RON Premium unleaded 95 RON

Leaded gasoline has not been sold since 9 April 1999. From 10 April 1999 to 2005 lead replacement gasoline was sold.

General tax (VAT) From

To

01.01.78 01.01.84

31.12.83 now

% 5 6

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Prices shown in main table are average revenues per kWh received by the Luxembourg utilities from all highvoltage customers (industry) and all low-voltage consumers (households). Source: Statistical Office of Luxembourg (STATEC).

ENERGY INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to three-month average of the quarter. Source: Statistical Office of Luxembourg (STATEC). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

208 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LUXEMBOURG

Oil products

Natural gas

Retail: Weighted average of LFO (heating oil) and gasoline.

Retail: General tariff for natural gas.

Electricity

Coal

Retail: Tariff for household consumers.

Retail: Minimal consumption.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 209

MEXICO Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Mexican Pesos

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1181.46 1019.82 1158.38 1510.32 1635.69 1970.92 2786.06 2834.26 4793.10 4090.41 5199.76

-

-

-

1181.46 1019.82 1158.38 1510.32 1635.69 1970.92 2786.06 2834.26 4793.10 4090.41 5199.76

1180.30 1020.98 1143.04 1499.93 1625.80 1937.60 2760.51 2759.54 4951.42 4089.97 5208.58

-

-

-

1180.30 1020.98 1143.04 1499.93 1625.80 1937.60 2760.51 2759.54 4951.42 4089.97 5208.58

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5233.88 5039.68 5115.23 5546.10 ..

..

..

..

5233.88 5039.68 5115.23 5546.10 ..

5257.64 5055.98 5101.88 5469.64 ..

..

..

..

5257.64 5055.98 5101.88 5469.64 ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1356.37 1202.03 1422.90 1887.44 2168.98 2806.70 3393.55 3625.52 5417.87 4768.43 5819.64

-

-

-

1356.37 1202.03 1422.90 1887.44 2168.98 2806.70 3393.55 3625.52 5417.87 4768.43 5819.64

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5874.31 5633.84 5766.17 6567.63 ..

..

..

..

5874.31 5633.84 5766.17 6567.63 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2.4996 2.3467 2.1617 2.8780 3.7331 4.5013 4.7370 5.0948 5.4651 6.5805 7.4400

3.6369 3.9326 4.1413 4.2942 4.4262 4.5593 4.7370 5.0948 5.4651 6.7716 7.4400

2.4996 2.3467 2.1617 2.8780 3.7331 4.5013 4.7180 5.0661 5.4171 6.5422 7.3591

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

7.3341 7.5381 7.7448 7.9668 ..

7.3341 7.5381 7.7448 7.9668 ..

7.2540 7.4559 7.6627 7.8825 ..

1.1374 1.5859 1.9796 1.4163 0.6931 0.0580 0.1911 ..

..

1.1374 1.5859 1.9796 1.4163 0.6931 0.0580 0.1911 ..

1.1374 1.5859 1.9796 1.4163 0.6931 0.0580 0.1911 ..

0.5322 0.5757 0.6067 0.6271 0.6449 0.6630 0.7080 0.7599 0.8126 0.9714 1.1775

1.6695 2.1615 2.5863 2.0433 1.3380 0.7211 0.7080 0.7599 0.8126 1.1626 1.1775

4.1691 4.5083 4.7480 4.9213 5.0711 5.2224 5.4260 5.8261 6.2296 7.7048 8.5365

1.1606 1.1929 1.2260 1.2612 ..

1.1606 1.1929 1.2260 1.2612 ..

8.4147 8.6489 8.8888 9.1437 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

210 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

MEXICO Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Mexican Pesos Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.1542 2.9804 2.8330 3.5745 4.7604 5.6867 6.5570 7.3762 7.7998 7.8151 8.4557

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

8.4139 8.5069 8.5880 8.7244 ..

Ex-tax price

1.7267 2.3349 2.7702 2.1975 1.4591 0.8217 0.2840 0.4382 ..

Total price

0.7056 0.7698 0.8159 0.8467 0.9102 0.9504 1.0050 1.1064 1.1700 1.1797 1.3529

2.4323 3.1047 3.5862 3.0442 2.3694 1.7721 1.2890 1.1064 1.1700 1.6179 1.3529

5.5865 6.0850 6.4192 6.6187 7.1298 7.4587 7.8460 8.4826 8.9698 9.4330 9.8086

2.7238 2.5859 2.4826 3.1909 4.2489 5.0719 5.6640 6.0367 6.2854 6.3835 7.0920

1.3462 1.3611 1.3741 1.3959 ..

1.3462 1.3611 1.3741 1.3959 ..

9.7602 9.8680 9.9621 10.1204 ..

6.9912 7.1901 7.3949 7.6032 ..

Regular leaded gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Ex-tax price 1418.28 1527.11 1185.32 2214.71 3392.06 3889.13 3741.57 3793.16 4830.93 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Regular unleaded (92 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax 1.6653 2.1561 2.5018 1.8751 1.0434 0.4962 0.1310 0.2844 ..

Total price

0.6385 0.6903 0.7273 0.7382 0.7679 0.8074 0.8550 0.9055 0.9428 0.9568 1.1347

2.3038 2.8464 3.2290 2.6133 1.8113 1.3037 0.9860 0.9055 0.9428 1.2412 1.1347

5.0275 5.4323 5.7117 5.8042 6.0602 6.3756 6.6500 6.9422 7.2282 7.6247 8.2267

1.1186 1.1504 1.1832 1.2165 ..

1.1186 1.1504 1.1832 1.2165 ..

8.1098 8.3405 8.5781 8.8197 ..

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

1418.28 1527.11 1185.32 2214.71 3392.06 3889.13 3741.57 3793.16 4830.93 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1418.28 1527.11 1185.32 2214.71 3102.12 3961.39 3702.49 3456.47 4716.55 2675.03 2943.52

-

-

-

1418.28 1527.11 1185.32 2214.71 3102.12 3961.39 3702.49 3456.47 4716.55 2675.03 2943.52

.. .. .. .. 5355.22 5983.47 5898.73 6001.15 4343.27 4938.46 4937.85

.. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. 803.28 897.52 884.81 900.17 651.49 740.77 790.06

.. .. .. .. 803.28 897.52 884.81 900.17 651.49 740.77 790.06

.. .. .. .. 6158.50 6880.98 6783.54 6901.32 4994.76 5679.23 5727.90

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2724.36 2952.47 2514.65 2732.96 ..

..

..

..

2724.36 2952.47 2514.65 2732.96 ..

4895.14 4977.66 4876.35 4865.50 ..

..

783.22 796.43 780.22 778.48 ..

783.22 796.43 780.22 778.48 ..

5678.37 5774.09 5656.56 5643.98 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 211

MEXICO Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Mexican Pesos

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

300.80 317.18 325.54 346.46 419.01 446.18 461.72 501.85 584.57 690.19 689.31

-

-

-

300.80 317.18 325.54 346.46 419.01 446.18 461.72 501.85 584.57 690.19 689.31

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

685.69 692.97 697.54 682.50 ..

..

..

..

685.69 692.97 697.54 682.50 ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.4808 0.4940 0.5420 0.6739 0.8737 0.9561 1.0790 1.1156 1.4053 1.1562 1.3163

-

-

-

0.4808 0.4940 0.5420 0.6739 0.8737 0.9561 1.0790 1.1156 1.4053 1.1562 1.3163

0.5613 0.6102 0.7750 0.8535 0.8835 0.9201 0.9549 0.8839 0.9316 0.9342 0.9672

-

0.0842 0.0915 0.1162 0.1280 0.1325 0.1380 0.1432 0.1326 0.1397 0.1401 0.1548

0.0842 0.0915 0.1162 0.1280 0.1325 0.1380 0.1432 0.1326 0.1397 0.1401 0.1548

0.6455 0.7017 0.8912 0.9815 1.0160 1.0581 1.0981 1.0165 1.0713 1.0744 1.1220

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.3077 1.3218 1.2777 1.3461 ..

..

..

..

1.3077 1.3218 1.2777 1.3461 ..

0.9552 0.9028 0.9812 1.0933 ..

..

0.1528 0.1444 0.1570 0.1749 ..

0.1528 0.1444 0.1570 0.1749 ..

1.1080 1.0472 1.1382 1.2682 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

212 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

MEXICO

Automotive diesel

MEXICO

Prices refer to national average price. Excise tax IEPS (Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios): As shown in the excise tax column.

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is included in all retail prices. VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry, electricity generation and automotive diesel (for commercial use) because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes.

Specifications Density: Cetane index: NCV: Quality:

From

From

To

Quality

01.01.60 01.05.90 01.10.93 01.09.96

30.04.90 30.09.93 31.08.96 now

Diesel nacional Diesel automotriz desulfurado Diesel SIN Pemex diesel

To

%

01.01.80

31.12.82

10

01.01.83

11.09.91

15

11.10.91

31.03.95

10

01.04.95

31.12.09

15

01.01.10

now

16

Sources: Secretaría de Energía. Prior to 2002, Comisión Federal de Electricidad. Data published: Precios Internos y Externos de Referencia de los Principales Energeticos 1970-2001, 14th edition, 2003.

From 01.01.60 01.05.90 01.11.99

To 30.04.90 31.10.99 now

Commercial

NonCommercial

0.5 0.5 0.05 (max.)

2.0 (max.) 0.5 (max.) 0.05 (max.)

Prices refer to national average price.

Heavy fuel oil Prices refer to national average price. Combustoleo pesado 0.982 t/kl 4.0% (maximum) 10 139 kcal/kg

Light fuel oil for industry Specifications Density: NCV: Quality:

Sulphur content:

Gasoline

OIL PRODUCTS

Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

0.852 t/kl 48 (min.) (commercial use) 10 849 kcal/kg

0.852 t/kl 10 849 kcal/kg

From

To

Denomination

01.01.60

31.05.93

Diesel nacional

01.06.93

31.10.99

Diesel industrial desulfurado

01.11.99

now

Diesel industrial bajo azufre

Sulphur Content: From

To

%

01.01.60

31.05.93

2.0 (max.)

01.06.93

31.10.99

0.5 (max.)

01.11.99

now

0.05 (max.)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Excise tax IEPS (Impuesto Especial sobre Producción y Servicios): Included in ex-tax price. Specifications Premium unleaded, Pemex premium Octane: 92 PON (minimum)* Sulphur content: 0.05% (maximum) Density: 0.707 t/kl Regular unleaded, Regular unleaded extra and Magna Octane: 87 PON (minimum)* Sulphur content: 0.10% (maximum) Density: 0.729 t/kl * PON is the average of the RON and the MON.

Source: Sistema de Información Energética (SIE), Secretaría de Energía: information from PEMEX.

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to national average price. Specifications (PEMEX conditions: 20oC and 1kg/cm2) Quality: Gas natural Density: 0.602 kg/m3 NCV: 8 460 kcal/m3 GCV: 9 400 kcal/m3

MEXICO

Sources: Natural gas for household and industry: Sistema de Información Energética (SIE), Secretaría de Energía: information from Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE). Natural gas for electricity generation: Comisión Federal de Electricidad, Factores de ajuste. Following the publication of the new Directive (DIRGAS-001-2009) on 20 July 2009, new guidance was set to determine first-sales prices. As a result, the methodology for estimating end-use prices for both residential and industrial sector was modified by Comisión Reguladora de Energía. Data do not represent the prices charged to end users by distributors. Actual prices depend, among other things, on the first hand prices (could be either Reynosa or Ciudad Pemex) established in the mentioned Directive, price of imported natural gas (when the given geographic area only receives imported gas), transportation costs, service costs and distribution costs. For those months in which the distributors use financial coverage instruments, the price is calculated taking as a base the coverage price, instead of the corresponding reference price (Henry Hub, Tetco, Waha, San Juan, Permian, SoCal, etc.). For the industrial sector, there are still some pending issues regarding the estimation of industrial prices; therefore, data has not been corrected and is not yet available from the last trimester of 2009 onwards.

COAL Steam coal for electricity generation Prices refer to the amount that Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) pays to Minera Carbonífera Río Escondido (MICARE), excluding the cost of handling and disposal of ashes (“manejo de cenizas”):

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 213

Year

MXN/ tonne

Year

MXN/ tonne

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996

13.915 9.33 9.33 9.33 13.76 17.29

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

24.58 30.45 33.64 33.72 36.77

Specifications Quality: Humidity: Ash Content: Sulphur Content: NCV:

Carbón MICARE, subbituminous coal 4.16% 38.55% (weight) 1.01% 4 575 kcal/kg

Source: Comisión Federal de Electricidad, Factores de ajuste.

ELECTRICITY Source: Estadísticas de Electricidad del Sistema Eléctrico Nacional 1999-2011, Subsecretaría de Electricidad, Secretaría de Energía.

Industry Prices refer to implicit average prices from electricity sales to the industrial sector. The ex-tax price refers to the final price paid by industrial customers, excluding VAT. At present, seven tariffs are in use. From 1984 to 2001, six tariffs were in use. Prior to 1984, four different tariffs were in use.

Households Prices refer to implicit average prices from electricity sales to the residential sector, including VAT.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

214 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NETHERLANDS Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

205.98 187.79 188.66 203.31 191.40 254.58 296.75 297.65 364.76 248.41 348.85

30.77 31.04 31.53 32.11 32.51 32.11 32.11 32.11 32.11 32.51 33.06

-

30.77 31.04 31.53 32.11 32.51 32.11 32.11 32.11 32.11 32.51 33.06

236.75 218.83 220.19 235.42 223.91 286.69 328.86 329.76 396.87 280.92 381.91

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

360.07 358.17 350.57 422.99 468.11

33.06 33.06 33.06 33.89 33.89

-

33.06 33.06 33.06 33.89 33.89

393.13 391.23 383.63 456.88 502.00

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax 144.30 184.87 197.70 202.38 207.17 213.60 215.05 215.05 220.16 254.42 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

144.30 184.87 197.70 202.38 207.17 213.60 215.05 215.05 220.16 254.42 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

332.47 326.94 282.73 301.72 347.53 468.70 525.49 525.49 596.80 305.95 ..

144.30 184.87 197.70 202.38 207.17 213.60 215.05 215.05 220.16 254.42 ..

83.44 97.25 91.28 95.78 105.39 129.64 140.70 140.70 155.22 106.47 ..

227.74 282.11 288.98 298.16 312.56 343.24 355.75 355.75 375.38 360.89 ..

560.20 609.05 571.71 599.88 660.09 811.94 881.25 881.25 972.18 666.83 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

443.18 434.57 .. .. ..

259.76 259.76 .. .. ..

133.56 131.92 .. .. ..

393.32 391.68 .. .. ..

836.50 826.25 .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.368 0.346 0.320 0.324 0.388 0.488 0.542 0.545 0.668 0.417 0.555

0.352 0.342 0.344 0.344 0.367 0.371 0.371 0.377 0.413 0.420 0.428

-

0.352 0.342 0.344 0.344 0.367 0.371 0.371 0.377 0.413 0.420 0.428

0.719 0.689 0.664 0.668 0.755 0.860 0.913 0.922 1.081 0.837 0.983

0.368 0.346 0.320 0.324 0.380 0.488 0.542 0.542 0.668 0.417 0.555

0.352 0.342 0.344 0.344 0.367 0.371 0.371 0.371 0.413 0.420 0.428

0.126 0.131 0.126 0.127 0.142 0.163 0.174 0.174 0.205 0.159 0.187

0.477 0.473 0.470 0.471 0.509 0.535 0.545 0.545 0.618 0.579 0.615

0.845 0.820 0.790 0.795 0.889 1.023 1.087 1.087 1.287 0.996 1.170

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.569 0.556 0.590 0.682 ..

0.428 0.428 0.428 0.428 ..

..

0.428 0.428 0.428 0.428 ..

0.998 0.984 1.018 1.110 ..

0.569 0.556 0.590 0.682 ..

0.428 0.428 0.428 0.428 ..

0.190 0.187 0.193 0.211 ..

0.618 0.615 0.622 0.639 ..

1.187 1.171 1.212 1.321 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 215

NETHERLANDS Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Euro Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

0.428 0.399 0.385 0.380 0.424 0.506 0.561 0.593 0.634 0.465 ..

0.599 0.611 0.632 0.638 0.667 0.676 0.676 0.687 0.697 0.709 ..

0.180 0.192 0.193 0.193 0.207 0.225 0.235 0.243 0.253 0.223 ..

0.779 0.803 0.825 0.831 0.874 0.901 0.911 0.930 0.950 0.932 ..

1.208 1.202 1.210 1.211 1.298 1.406 1.473 1.523 1.585 1.397 ..

0.390 0.358 0.333 0.336 0.385 0.460 0.512 0.539 0.594 0.419 0.540

0.597 0.607 0.628 0.638 0.667 0.676 0.676 0.687 0.697 0.709 0.723

0.173 0.183 0.183 0.185 0.200 0.216 0.226 0.233 0.245 0.214 0.240

0.770 0.790 0.811 0.823 0.867 0.892 0.902 0.920 0.943 0.923 0.963

1.160 1.148 1.144 1.159 1.252 1.352 1.415 1.459 1.537 1.343 1.503

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.559 0.534 0.557 0.627 ..

0.723 0.723 0.723 0.724 ..

0.243 0.239 0.243 0.257 ..

0.966 0.962 0.966 0.981 ..

1.525 1.495 1.523 1.608 ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.322 0.297 0.296 0.311 0.335 0.373 0.423 0.522 0.505 0.414 0.455

0.064 0.069 0.065 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.059 0.062 0.071 0.087

0.068 0.069 0.069 0.070 0.074 0.081 0.091 0.110 0.108 0.092 0.103

0.132 0.138 0.134 0.125 0.129 0.136 0.146 0.169 0.170 0.163 0.189

0.454 0.435 0.430 0.436 0.464 0.510 0.568 0.692 0.675 0.578 0.644

170.43 185.50 163.54 185.41 .. .. .. 313.01 349.95 331.61 281.85

10.26 10.63 10.95 11.38 .. .. .. 13.04 17.77 30.15 30.61

.. .. .. .. -

10.26 10.63 10.95 11.38 .. .. .. 13.04 17.77 30.15 30.61

180.69 196.13 174.49 196.79 .. .. .. 326.05 367.72 361.76 312.46

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.440 0.431 0.495 0.516 ..

0.087 0.087 0.087 0.087 ..

0.100 0.098 0.110 0.115 ..

0.186 0.185 0.197 0.201 ..

0.626 0.616 0.692 0.717 ..

275.49 288.22 288.22 .. ..

30.56 30.65 30.65 .. ..

.. ..

30.56 30.65 30.65 .. ..

306.06 318.87 318.87 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

252.28 278.63 304.53 339.15 348.79 420.78 480.85 508.90 527.83 515.27 441.44

79.55 98.17 103.05 108.89 112.93 120.67 121.70 123.74 184.87 187.96 193.79

58.09 71.59 77.44 85.13 87.73 102.88 114.48 120.20 135.41 133.61 120.69

137.63 169.76 180.49 194.01 200.66 223.54 236.19 243.94 320.28 321.58 314.49

389.91 448.40 485.01 533.16 549.45 644.33 717.03 752.84 848.11 836.85 755.93

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

422.86 458.96 461.07 454.94 ..

193.79 193.79 193.79 194.98 ..

117.16 124.02 124.42 123.49 ..

310.96 317.82 318.22 318.47 ..

733.82 776.78 779.29 773.41 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

216 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NETHERLANDS Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.0596 0.0593 c c c c c 0.0795 0.0855 0.0876 0.0792

0.0024 0.0062 c c c c c 0.0095 0.0100 0.0138 0.0137

c c c c c -

0.0024 0.0062 c c c c c 0.0095 0.0100 0.0138 0.0137

0.0619 0.0655 c c c c c 0.0890 0.0955 0.1014 0.0929

0.0938 0.0927 0.0933 0.0954 0.1015 0.1100 0.1214 0.1368 0.1319 0.1538 0.1351

0.0273 0.0432 0.0448 0.0486 0.0501 0.0500 0.0541 0.0380 0.0076 0.0023 0.0052

0.0212 0.0258 0.0262 0.0274 0.0263 0.0300 0.0301 0.0332 0.0265 0.0297 0.0267

0.0484 0.0690 0.0710 0.0760 0.0764 0.0800 0.0842 0.0712 0.0341 0.0319 0.0319

0.1422 0.1617 0.1643 0.1714 0.1779 0.1900 0.2056 0.2080 0.1660 0.1857 0.1670

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.0791 0.0792 0.0792 .. ..

0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 .. ..

.. ..

0.0137 0.0137 0.0137 .. ..

0.0928 0.0929 0.0929 .. ..

0.1353 0.1349 0.1349 0.1372 ..

0.0052 0.0052 0.0052 0.0059 ..

0.0267 0.0266 0.0266 0.0272 ..

0.0319 0.0318 0.0318 0.0331 ..

0.1672 0.1668 0.1668 0.1703 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 217

NETHERLANDS Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2000 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 2000 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 2000 = 100

Retail 2000 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 91.0 85.0 87.0 102.0 133.3 151.4 153.3 183.7 142.5 186.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 77.9 82.6 81.2 85.5 99.8 99.2 98.2 99.4 107.3 117.2 122.7 126.6 134.7 121.9 136.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 98.0 94.0 99.0 96.0 110.0 140.2 145.3 161.2 148.2 142.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 77.3 79.6 79.9 85.5 99.7 112.2 115.1 118.2 123.2 133.9 144.0 148.2 126.2 135.5 126.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 80.2 90.9 91.6 88.9 99.7 116.4 125.5 139.1 143.4 168.7 187.0 196.2 225.5 219.9 200.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

78.7 83.3 84.3

97.7 99.3 97.9

95.0 99.7 103.7

118.2 118.5 118.6

.. .. ..

136.5 141.6 141.6

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

86.3 98.3 108.7 112.7

102.6 108.0 109.6 107.7

96.7 92.7 97.0 99.3

122.9 122.9 123.5 123.5

.. .. .. ..

142.6 142.6 144.1 144.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

108.0 126.3 153.7 145.3

109.2 115.2 124.2 120.1

103.0 103.7 110.0 123.3

133.4 133.4 134.2 134.5

.. .. .. ..

166.6 166.6 170.2 171.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

149.0 163.3 160.3 133.0

120.8 127.6 125.9 116.6

146.3 132.0 140.0 142.7

142.2 142.3 145.6 146.0

.. .. .. ..

185.8 185.8 188.0 188.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

133.0 155.7 154.3 170.3

119.4 128.7 127.5 130.8

142.3 142.3 137.7 158.7

148.3 148.6 147.8 148.3

.. .. .. ..

202.0 202.0 190.5 190.4

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

176.3 212.3 209.7 136.7

133.3 143.3 143.7 118.2

156.0 157.0 163.0 168.7

123.7 124.0 128.3 128.8

.. .. .. ..

217.3 218.2 233.5 233.0

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

124.3 138.3 149.8 157.5

114.5 122.2 124.8 125.9

159.9 140.4 144.6 147.8

138.7 137.4 132.9 133.0

.. .. .. ..

247.7 243.4 194.4 194.0

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

174.4 189.0 181.9 200.7

132.4 137.8 135.3 138.6

139.9 138.8 142.7 148.7

126.4 125.9 126.9 126.5

.. .. .. ..

196.2 195.7 205.5 206.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

226.2 ..

147.0 ..

145.8 ..

128.5 ..

.. ..

206.4 ..

.. ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

218 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NETHERLANDS GENERAL NOTES

General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes when it is refunded. See individual products for details. To

01.01.78 01.01.84 01.10.86 01.01.89 01.10.92 01.01.01

31.12.83 30.09.86 31.12.88 30.09.92 31.12.00 now

Density: Delivery size: NCV:

0.94 t/kl 25 000 t/year (by truck) 9 760 kcal/kg

Light fuel oil for industry

From 1Q84 onwards, prices refer to the daily averages of the quarter. Prior to 1Q84, prices refer to the first month of the quarter. See individual products for details.

From

NETHERLANDS

% 18.0 19.0 20.0 18.5 17.5 19.0

Only taxes are available.

Light fuel oil for households Reported list prices cover about 95% of heating oil market for private consumers. Specifications Quality: Density: Delivery size: NCV:

HBO I 0.84 t/kl 3 - 7 kl 10 100 kcal/kg

Automotive diesel Prices refer to nearly 100% coverage of all quantities sold by the oil companies through retail outlets. From

To

Type of price

Prior to

1996

Unweighted average of fullservice pump prices

Prices for automotive fuels are real average prices, gathered from most service stations in the Netherlands. From 1Q2010 onwards, prices for light fuel oil and premium unleaded 98RON gasoline are not provided because their share in turnover is nil.

1996

now

Self-service pump prices

General tax (VAT): Applies to households and noncommercial use. See general notes for the Netherlands.

Gasoline

OIL PRODUCTS

Specifications Density:

Excise tax

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Special tax COVA (compulsory storage fee): The COVA is included in prices and in taxes. Sources: Unless specified otherwise, Ministry of Economic Affairs following specifications of an EEC decision of 26 January 1977. Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Heavy fuel oil for industry Special Tax COVA (compulsory storage fee): From 1 April 2001 onwards, it is no longer applied. Between 1 January 1987 to 1 April 2001 the amount is nil. Specifications Viscosity: Sulphur content:

3 500 sec/370 cst. (up to 4Q03) 420 cst (1Q04 onwards) < 1% (1Q97 onwards) < 2% (prior to 1Q97)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

0.84 t/kl

Premium leaded/ leaded substitute From

To

EUR/ litre

NLG/ litre

01.01.90 01.02.90 01.06.90 01.01.91 01.03.91 06.07.91 01.01.92 01.07.92 01.01.93 01.08.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.04.01

31.01.90 31.05.90 31.12.90 28.02.91 05.07.91 31.12.91 30.06.92 31.12.92 31.07.93 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.03.01 31.12.01

0.390 0.401 0.400 0.397 0.404 0.521 0.519 0.519 0.521 0.520 0.570 0.570 0.583 0.590 0.576 0.587 0.597 0.601 0.609

0.8591 0.8831 0.8816 0.8759 0.8897 1.1477 1.1436 1.1434 1.1474 1.1469 1.2569 1.2570 1.2840 1.3011 1.2684 1.2932 1.3156

NETHERLANDS

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 219

From

To

EUR/ litre

01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.09

31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.08 now

0.627 0.635 0.665 0.701

NLG/ litre

Sources: Central Bureau of Statistics and Ministry of Economic Affairs.

From September 1996 onwards, the prices for premium leaded refer to leaded substitute.

From

To

EUR/ litre

NLG/ litre

01.01.90 01.02.90 01.06.90 01.01.91 01.03.91 06.07.91 01.01.92 01.07.92 01.01.93 01.08.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.06.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.04.01 01.01.02 01.10.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.01.90 31.05.90 31.12.90 28.02.91 05.07.91 31.12.91 30.06.92 31.12.92 31.07.93 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.05.98 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.03.01 31.12.01 30.09.02 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

0.362 0.366 0.366 0.368 0.374 0.457 0.455 0.458 0.456 0.458 0.508 0.508 0.519 0.527 0.576 0.575 0.587 0.597 0.610 0.611 0.630 0.616 0.638 0.668 0.676 0.687 0.697 0.709 0.723 0.724

0.7984 0.8075 0.8060 0.8115 0.8243 1.0073 1.0032 1.0085 1.0056 1.0091 1.1191 1.1201 1.1430 1.1606 1.2684 1.2669 1.2932 1.3150 1.3440

From 1996 onwards, prices refer to self-service pump prices. Prior to 1996, prices refer to weighted average of full service pump prices applied by major oil companies. Prices shown cover nearly 100% of all oil companies.

Premium unleaded 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro 95 Density: 0.745 t/kl

Automotive LPG Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Unleaded

Specifications Premium unleaded 98 RON gasoline Quality: Euro 98 Density: 0.745 t/kl

Premium leaded 98 RON gasoline Lead content: 0.4 g/litre Density: 0.745 t/kl

NATURAL GAS Industry From 1Q07 onwards, prices refer to the Eurostat consumption band I4 for industry (see specifications). In 2008, this band represented 23% of total consumption in this sector. In 2Q2010 natural gas data for industry was revised from 2007 onwards to exclude VAT as this is refunded. Prior to 1Q07, prices shown are the largeconsumer tariffs for consumption of 25 million m3 per year per 107 kcal (GCV). Industries with an assumed yearly consumption of 25 million m3 included a tariff for the first 10 million m3, and a lower tariff for the next 15 million m3. Special tax Environmental protection tax: prior to 1Q07, as shown in excise tax column. Specifications Consumption band I4: annual consumption of 100 000 to 1 000 000 GJ. Source: From 1Q07 onwards, Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices, new methodology from 2007 onwards. Prior to 1Q07, Gasunie, wholesale distributor.

Electricity generation Price shown is the large-consumer tariff for consumption of 25 million m3 per year per 107 kcal (GCV). Series discontinued since 3Q99. Special tax Environmental protection tax: prior to 3Q99, as shown in excise tax column. Specifications GCV: NCV:

8 406 kcal/m3 7 565 kcal/m3

Source: Gasunie, wholesale distributor. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

220 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NETHERLANDS

Households

Year

Category

Prices refer to the average tariff of Dutch distributors for yearly consumption of 2 000 m3 per 107 kcal (GCV) and include standing charges.

2007

General tax (VAT): See general notes for the Netherlands. 1Q20082Q2008

Special taxes Environmental protection tax From

To

01.02.90 01.01.91 01.03.91 01.01.92 01.07.92 01.01.93 01.01.95

31.12.90 28.02.91 31.12.91 30.06.92 31.12.92 31.12.94 31.12.95

EUR/ 107 kcal 2.46 2.29 5.25 4.76 22.45 11.23 11.64

NLG/ 107 kcal 5.43 5.05 11.57 10.49 49.48 24.75 25.65

3Q20084Q2008

2009

Energy tax: the Energy Tax was introduced on 1 January 1996. The objective is to stimulate energy savings. From 2001 onwards, the total yearly natural gas bill is reimbursed for all natural gas consumers by an amount independent of the volume of natural gas consumed (see Discount on energy tax below). Year

Category

2002

a+b c d e f a+b c d e f a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g

2003

2004

2005

2006

EUR/ 107 kcal 160.17 81.52 25.35 12.61 8.33 166.01 84.49 26.30 13.09 8.69 170.00 86.49 27.01 13.44 12.61 8.92 177.79 121.26 37.01 13.69 12.73 9.04 179.33 147.32 40.46 13.80 12.85 9.16

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

EUR/ 1000 m3 134.60 68.50 21.30 10.60 7.00 139.50 71.00 22.10 11.00 7.30 142.90 72.70 22.70 11.30 10.60 7.50 149.40 101.90 31.10 11.50 10.70 7.60 150.70 123.80 34.00 11.60 10.80 7.70

2010

NLG/ m3

2011

a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g a+b c d e f g

EUR/ 107 kcal 182.19 159.56 44.23 14.03 13.08 9.27 184.77 161.94 44.94 14.27 13.32 9.39 184.77 161.94 44.94 14.27 13.32 10.34 187.86 164.68 45.66 14.51 13.55 9.51 193.69 167.77 46.49 14.74 13.79 9.75

EUR/ 1000 m3 153.10 134.20 37.20 11.80 11.00 7.80 155.40 136.20 37.80 12.00 11.20 7.90 155.40 136.20 37.80 12.00 11.20 8.70 158.00 138.50 38.40 12.20 11.40 8.00 162.90 141.10 39.10 12.40 11.60 8.20

a+b c d e f g

194.88 168.72 46.72 14.86 13.91 9.75

163.90 141.90 39.30 12.50 11.70 8.20

NLG/ m3

a. 0 - 800 m3; b. 801 - 5 000 m3; c. 5 001 – 170 000 m3; d. 170 001 - 1M m3; e. 1M - 10M m3; f. up to 4Q03 > 10M m3, from 1Q04 > 10M m3 non-commercial; g. > 10M m3 commercial.

Discount on energy tax (gas): The discount applied to the energy tax is not included above, but is accounted for in the prices given in the main tables. From

To

01.01.01

31.12.01

96.20

01.01.02

31.12.05

96.00

01.01.06

31.12.06

96.84

01.01.07

31.12.07

98.18

01.01.08

now

Specifications GCV: NCV:

Discount (Euro)

0.00

8 406 kcal/m3 7 565 kcal/m3

NETHERLANDS

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 221

Source: From 2004 onwards, Statistics Netherlands website surveys of energy companies. Prior to 2004, EnergieNed.

COAL

Surcharge (MEP-heffing) From

To

01.07.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.07

31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.06 now

Steam coal for industry and electricity generation

Special tax

Prices shown are average annual expenditures by industry and electric utilities per tonne of a given coal category.

Year

Category

Specifications

1999

Category: NCV:

EUR/ kWh

NLG/ kWh

a b c d e

0.0000 0.0225 0.0147 0.0010 0.0000

0.0000 0.0495 0.0323 0.0022 0.0000

2000

a b c d e

0.0000 0.0372 0.0161 0.0022 0.0000

0.0000 0.0820 0.0354 0.0048 0.0000

2001

a+b c d e

0.0583 0.0194 0.0059 0.0000

2002

a+b c d e

0.0601 0.0200 0.0061 0.0000

2003

a+b c d e

0.0639 0.0207 0.0063 0.0000

2004

a+b c d e f

0.0654 0.0212 0.0065 0.0010 0.0005

2005

a+b c d e f

0.0699 0.0263 0.0086 0.0010 0.0005

2006

a+b c d e f

0.0705 0.0343 0.0094 0.0010 0.0005

2007

a+b c d e f

0.0716 0.0369 0.0102 0.0010 0.0005

Steam coal for households Specifications Quality:

Anthracite

Source: NOVOK (Organisation of oil and coal merchants) Brandstoffen Visie.

Coking coal for industry Specifications Quality: NCV:

Hard coal coke 6 800 kcal/kg

ELECTRICITY Taxes on electricity: On 1 January 2007, the surcharge on the total yearly electricity bill was stopped (see below). As a consequence the percentage of VAT in the total electricity price regained the normal level of 19%. In addition, consumers are charged an energy tax according to the volume consumed. To compensate for the high energy prices, consumers receive a discount on the energy tax independent of the volume consumed. From 1 July 2003 until 1 January 2007, the total yearly electricity bill was increased by a surcharge intended to finance an improvement in the environmental performance of electricity production (MEP-heffing). At the same time, consumers received a reimbursement for the surcharge. This surcharge was not subjected to VAT. The effect on the total yearly electricity bill was a decrease of the VAT percentage below the general level.

34.00 39.00 52.00 0.00

Eco tax

Hard coal 7 000 kcal/kg

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, De Nederlandse Energiehuishouding, annual survey among industry and utilities.

Surcharge

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

222 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Year

Category

2008

a+b c d e f

EUR/ kWh 0.0752 0.0375 0.0104 0.0010 0.0005

a+b c d e f a+b c d e f

0.1085 0.0398 0.0106 0.0010 0.0005 0.1114 0.0406 0.0108 0.0010 0.0005

a+b c d e f

0.1121 0.0408 0.0109 0.0010 0.0005

2009

2010

2011

NETHERLANDS

NLG/ kWh

Sources: From 1Q07 onwards, Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices, new methodology from 2007 onwards. From 1Q04 until 4Q06, Statistics Netherlands website surveys of energy companies. Prior to 2004, EnergieNed.

Households The price shown is the average tariff per kWh charged by Dutch distributors. Sources: From 1Q04 onwards, Statistics Netherlands website surveys of energy companies. Prior to 2004, EnergieNed.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

a. 0 - 800 kWh; b. 801 - 10 000 kWh; c. 10 001 - 50 000 kWh; d. 50 001 - 10M kWh; e. up to 4Q03 > 10M kWh, from 1Q04 > 10M kWh non-commercial; f. > 10 M kWh commercial.

Discount on energy tax (electricity): From 1 January 2001 onwards, the total yearly electricity bill for all electricity consumers is discounted by an amount independent of the amount of electricity consumed. This discount is not included in the taxes in the table above, but is included in the excise tax column in the country tables for industry prior to 1Q07 and for households. From

To

01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09

31.12.01 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 now

Specifications Consumption band ID: annual consumption of 2 000 to 20 000 MWh.

Discount 45.38 46.00 48.16 100.82 199.00 318.62

Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer the three-month average of the quarter. The retail indices are chained series that have been extended backwards from 4Q02. Therefore, the value in the base year may not be exactly equal to 100. Source: Wholesale and retail: Statistics Netherlands, Price statistics and short-term indicators.

Oil products Wholesale: Producer price index for oil refinery products. Retail: Consumer price index for fuels and lubricants.

Electricity Wholesale: Producer price index for electricity. Retail: Consumer price index for electricity.

Industry From 1Q07, prices refer to the Eurostat consumption band ID for industry (see specifications). In 2008, this band represented 25% of total consumption in the industrial sector. Prior to 1Q07, the price shown is the average tariff per kWh charged by Dutch distributors.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Natural gas Wholesale: Producer price index for natural gas, both liquefied and gaseous. Retail: Consumer prices index for gas.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 223

NEW ZEALAND Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in New Zealand Dollars

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. .. .. 737.46 710.45 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise GST Total tax tax

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. .. .. 737.46 710.45 .. .. ..

494.68 459.50 405.91 410.65 414.45 596.71 599.04 581.68 812.59 684.13 803.28

-

-

-

494.68 459.50 405.91 410.65 414.45 596.71 599.04 581.68 812.59 684.13 803.28

946.98 700.55 721.30 828.99 ..

..

..

..

946.98 700.55 721.30 828.99 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

526.92 553.88 528.50 466.63 461.86 541.97 685.86 660.54 946.56 698.01 800.10

-

-

-

526.92 553.88 528.50 466.63 461.86 541.97 685.86 660.54 946.56 698.01 800.10

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

813.50 791.33 811.39 928.32 ..

..

..

..

813.50 791.33 811.39 928.32 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise GST Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise GST Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.644 0.636 0.572 0.549 0.645 0.798 1.003 0.926 1.290 0.903 1.032

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004

-

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004

0.648 0.640 0.575 0.553 0.649 0.802 1.007 0.930 1.293 0.906 1.036

0.644 0.636 0.572 0.549 0.645 0.798 1.003 0.926 1.290 0.903 1.032

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004

0.081 0.080 0.072 0.069 0.081 0.100 0.126 0.116 0.162 0.114 0.137

0.085 0.084 0.076 0.073 0.085 0.104 0.129 0.120 0.165 0.117 0.140

0.729 0.720 0.647 0.622 0.730 0.902 1.133 1.046 1.455 1.020 1.172

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.034 1.034 1.081 1.246 ..

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 ..

..

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 ..

1.037 1.038 1.084 1.250 ..

1.034 1.034 1.081 1.246 ..

0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 ..

0.130 0.130 0.163 0.187 ..

0.133 0.134 0.166 0.191 ..

1.167 1.168 1.247 1.437 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

224 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NEW ZEALAND Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in New Zealand Dollars Premium unleaded (96 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise GST Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Regular unleaded (91 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.642 0.625 0.568 0.576 0.666 0.764 0.956 0.929 1.153 0.957 1.069

0.350 0.350 0.392 0.406 0.420 0.459 0.482 0.496 0.515 0.536 0.569

0.124 0.122 0.120 0.123 0.136 0.153 0.180 0.178 0.209 0.187 0.215

0.474 0.472 0.512 0.529 0.556 0.612 0.662 0.674 0.724 0.723 0.784

1.116 1.097 1.080 1.105 1.222 1.376 1.618 1.603 1.878 1.679 1.853

0.601 0.581 0.523 0.528 0.615 0.712 0.898 0.877 1.095 0.889 0.993

0.350 0.350 0.392 0.406 0.420 0.461 0.482 0.496 0.515 0.536 0.569

0.119 0.116 0.114 0.117 0.129 0.147 0.173 0.172 0.201 0.178 0.205

0.469 0.466 0.506 0.523 0.549 0.608 0.655 0.668 0.717 0.714 0.774

1.070 1.047 1.029 1.051 1.164 1.320 1.553 1.544 1.812 1.603 1.767

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.076 1.055 1.091 1.251 ..

0.561 0.561 0.591 0.591 ..

0.205 0.202 0.252 0.276 ..

0.766 0.763 0.844 0.868 ..

1.842 1.818 1.935 2.119 ..

0.999 0.977 1.017 1.174 ..

0.561 0.561 0.591 0.591 ..

0.195 0.192 0.241 0.265 ..

0.756 0.754 0.833 0.856 ..

1.755 1.731 1.850 2.030 ..

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise GST Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

168.5 174.5 182.8 225.5 247.3 296.4 353.4 358.3 321.1 350.1 304.3

19.5 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 20.0 20.4 20.5 20.5 20.4 20.4

-

19.5 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 20.0 20.4 20.5 20.5 20.4 20.4

188.0 194.1 202.5 245.2 266.9 316.4 373.8 378.7 341.5 370.5 324.7

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

303.0 309.9 275.0 .. ..

20.4 20.4 20.4 .. ..

.. ..

20.4 20.4 20.4 .. ..

323.3 330.3 295.4 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

513.2 463.5 482.8 573.2 815.0 961.2 997.6 1166.6 1396.2 1312.7 1217.8

19.5 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.7 20.0 20.4 20.5 20.5 20.4 20.4

66.6 60.4 62.8 74.1 104.3 122.6 127.2 148.4 177.1 166.6 162.5

86.0 80.1 82.5 93.8 124.0 142.6 147.6 168.8 197.5 187.0 182.9

599.2 543.6 565.3 666.9 939.0 1103.8 1145.2 1335.4 1593.8 1499.8 1400.8

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

1208.8 1228.4 1269.3 .. ..

20.4 20.4 20.4 .. ..

153.6 156.1 193.5 .. ..

174.0 176.6 213.9 .. ..

1382.8 1405.0 1483.2 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 225

NEW ZEALAND Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in New Zealand Dollars

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

c c c c c c c c c c c

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise GST Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.0617 0.0654 0.0711 0.0790 0.0769 0.0872 0.0919 0.0931 0.1018 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise GST Total tax tax .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price 0.0617 0.0654 0.0711 0.0790 0.0769 0.0872 0.0919 0.0931 0.1018 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price 0.1177 0.1253 0.1360 0.1452 0.1612 0.1717 0.1822 0.1953 0.2083 0.2154 0.2226

-

0.0147 0.0157 0.0170 0.0182 0.0202 0.0215 0.0228 0.0244 0.0260 0.0269 0.0292

0.0147 0.0157 0.0170 0.0182 0.0202 0.0218 0.0228 0.0244 0.0260 0.0269 0.0292

0.1324 0.1410 0.1530 0.1634 0.1814 0.1932 0.2050 0.2197 0.2343 0.2423 0.2519

0.2216 0.2256 0.2266 .. ..

.. ..

0.0277 0.0282 0.0340 .. ..

0.0277 0.0282 0.0340 .. ..

0.2492 0.2538 0.2606 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

226 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NEW ZEALAND Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 1997 = 100

Retail 2000 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 1997 = 100

Retail 2000 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale 1997 = 100

Retail 2000 = 100

Coal Wholesale 1997 = 100

Retail 2000 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 98.3 100.0 100.0 96.3 100.7 129.6 137.1 134.5 133.3 142.2 167.2 201.7 211.0 267.5 217.0 235.3

83.5 85.2 86.2 85.5 81.5 82.0 82.4 83.1 79.4 80.2 100.0 98.1 96.5 98.3 109.0 123.4 145.3 144.3 169.2 150.1 165.4

.. .. .. .. .. 94.6 97.2 100.0 99.5 96.2 92.9 95.3 100.8 104.4 114.5 126.3 134.8 124.6 160.6 147.7 147.8

67.8 71.8 75.0 79.6 84.9 88.6 93.4 96.8 96.9 99.2 100.0 100.0 104.9 111.7 122.0 130.9 138.9 148.2 158.3 165.9 171.0

.. .. .. .. .. 97.9 98.7 100.0 100.2 100.9 103.1 109.1 113.8 125.6 143.4 159.0 169.0 187.3 190.5 193.3 188.3

56.0 61.2 62.1 67.2 73.3 82.0 87.3 92.6 94.9 96.1 100.0 104.8 110.9 119.4 133.3 144.3 156.8 169.1 189.6 194.0 202.5

.. .. .. .. .. 97.6 100.2 100.0 99.6 100.0 99.9 101.4 105.7 113.1 127.9 143.7 156.2 177.4 193.3 211.0 219.1

85.7 87.7 88.6 87.7 86.2 89.7 93.0 96.8 97.7 97.8 100.0 104.9 109.3 111.5 115.3 123.6 131.2 135.1 137.2 141.8 145.2

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

130.4 132.6 131.6

93.0 99.6 97.6

105.2 104.3 107.4

109.3 112.8 117.1

125.1 125.1 127.1

120.9 120.0 122.7

113.0 113.9 116.9

111.3 111.9 111.9

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

132.0 141.2 146.6 149.0

102.8 110.8 111.6 110.9

109.2 113.8 114.8 120.2

117.4 120.7 122.4 127.3

138.2 138.2 145.2 151.9

132.0 132.6 132.6 135.8

117.0 128.7 129.6 136.1

111.9 115.6 116.8 116.8

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

149.4 162.9 179.9 176.5

110.9 118.6 134.1 130.1

120.9 125.4 127.1 131.9

128.7 130.4 131.9 132.5

158.4 159.2 159.3 159.1

142.5 145.1 145.1 144.5

137.2 138.1 149.1 150.2

116.8 124.6 126.5 126.5

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

182.3 213.4 212.2 198.7

136.9 156.8 155.5 131.9

130.8 145.6 135.7 127.0

134.6 138.6 140.6 142.0

163.1 165.9 167.2 179.7

150.5 153.2 158.0 165.3

150.4 151.2 161.6 161.6

126.5 130.6 133.8 133.8

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

196.6 206.2 212.4 228.9

133.0 143.6 146.3 154.1

115.7 129.8 132.9 120.1

143.9 148.2 149.4 151.2

186.5 188.5 186.7 187.6

166.4 166.9 169.5 173.7

173.6 174.5 180.6 180.7

133.8 134.2 136.2 136.2

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

239.9 282.3 306.8 240.9

160.3 180.8 189.1 146.8

133.7 182.7 173.0 153.0

152.5 158.0 159.7 162.9

190.5 188.6 187.3 195.6

183.6 187.5 193.2 194.0

180.8 181.2 204.4 206.7

136.2 136.2 138.3 138.3

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

215.3 216.5 218.7 217.4

145.4 150.1 153.2 151.6

130.4 156.8 160.2 143.2

163.9 166.5 166.9 166.4

198.0 196.4 190.3 188.4

192.0 193.0 194.4 196.6

207.3 207.3 214.6 214.6

138.3 142.5 143.2 143.2

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

230.8 239.7 233.4 237.2

162.1 164.3 162.1 173.1

144.2 154.1 153.8 139.0

166.6 168.3 173.0 175.9

193.5 189.4 182.2 187.9

200.3 200.9 202.4 206.4

216.0 216.0 219.8 224.7

143.2 144.9 146.4 146.4

1Q2011 2Q2011

262.1 ..

189.9 ..

142.2 ..

176.6 ..

193.7 ..

210.8 ..

224.7 ..

146.4 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

NEW ZEALAND

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 227

NEW ZEALAND

Light fuel oil Excise tax From

To

NZD/ kl

01.01.78

30.09.86

see excise column.

01.10.86

01.07.89

50.00

02.07.89

30.09.89

..

01.10.89

now

0

GENERAL NOTES From 1Q90 onwards, prices refer to quarterly averages. From 1Q86 to 4Q89, prices refer to the second month of the quarter. Prior to 1Q86, prices refer to the end of the quarter. See individual products for details. General tax GST (Goods and services tax): Sales of all fuels and electricity (and other goods and services in the economy) are subject to the GST. Commercial and industrial consumers generally obtain refunds on any GST paid, so GST-exclusive prices are shown for industry, electricity generation and automotive diesel for commercial purposes. %

From 1Q90 onwards, prices are end-quarter averages. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Blended heating oil < 2.0% 0.824 t/kl 10 366 kcal/kg

Automotive diesel General tax (GST): See general notes for New Zealand. Special taxes

From

To

01.10.86

30.06.89

10.0

Crown revenue / petroleum excise tax

01.07.89

30.09.10

12.5

From

To

01.10.10

now

15.0

NZD/ litre

22.06.79

05.08.82

0.005

06.08.82

30.09.86

0.072

01.10.86

30.06.89

0.232

01.07.89

31.12.90

0.162

01.01.91

30.06.91

0.112

OIL PRODUCTS From 3Q87 onwards, oil product prices refer to market prices (no price control). Prior to 3Q87, prices refer to retail prices set by Government regulation. Source: Ministry of Economic Development (MED), Energy and Communications Branch.

High sulphur fuel oil Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. From 1Q90 onwards, industry prices are end-quarter averages. Fuel oil is used for peak load capacity. Since 1998, electricity generation from fuel oil has been negligible. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Heavy fuel oil < 3.5% 0.945 t/kl 10 129 kcal/kg

Local authority tax From

To

01.02.71

now

NZD/ litre 0.0033

Other special taxes and levies: See petroleum fuels monitoring levy and liquid fuels trust levy for gasoline. From 1Q90 onwards, prices are end-quarter averages. From 3Q87 onwards, prices are wholesale. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Automotive gas oil < 0.01% 0.822 t/kl 10 297 kcal/kg

Gasoline General tax (GST): See general notes for New Zealand. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

228 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NEW ZEALAND

Petroleum or engine fuels monitoring levy

Special taxes Crown revenue / petroleum excise tax

From

To

01.08.88 01.01.89 01.10.08

31.12.88 30.09.08 now

Premium unleaded/premium leaded From

To

NZD/ litre

23.05.75 02.06.78 01.04.79 01.04.80 06.08.82 01.10.86 01.07.89 01.01.91 01.07.91 08.08.91 03.07.92 15.05.98 20.03.01 01.07.01 01.10.04

01.06.78 31.03.79 31.03.80 05.08.82 30.09.86 30.06.89 31.12.90 31.06.91 07.08.91 02.07.92 14.05.98 19.03.01 30.06.01 30.09.04 30.09.08

0.047 0.077 0.085 0.067 0.098 0.258 0.218 0.198 0.193 0.231 0.208 0.187 0.178 0.185 0.187

Regular unleaded From

To

Prior to 06.08.82 01.10.86 01.07.89 01.01.91 01.07.91

05.08.82 30.09.86 30.06.89 31.12.90 31.06.91 30.09.08

NZD/ litre see unleaded/leaded 0.093 0.253 0.213 0.193 see unleaded/leaded

Special taxes and levies National roads fund From

To

NZD/ litre

01.01.70 01.04.77 01.04.79 01.04.80 01.10.82 09.11.84 01.04.88 08.08.91 03.07.92 15.05.98 01.07.00 01.03.02 01.10.04 01.04.05 01.04.06 01.04.07 01.10.08 01.10.09 01.10.10

31.03.77 31.03.79 31.03.80 30.09.82 08.11.84 31.03.88 07.08.91 02.07.92 14.05.98 30.06.00 28.02.02 30.09.04 31.03.05 31.03.06 31.03.07 30.09.08 30.09.09 30.09.10 now

0.040 0.050 0.043 0.060 0.064 0.089 0.109 0.071 0.094 0.136 0.135 0.177 0.175 0.225 0.232 0.238 0.425 0.455 0.485

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

NZD/ litre 0.00030 0.00025 0.00045

Local authority tax From

To

01.02.71

now

NZD/ litre 0.0066

Accident compensation corporation levy From

To

NZD/ litre

01.10.91 20.03. 01 01.07.01 01.07.03 01.07.05 01.07.07 01.07.08 01.07.09

19.03.01 30.06.01 30.06.03 30.06.05 30.06.07 30.06.08 30.06.09 now

0.020 0.030 0.023 0.051 0.058 0.073 0.093 0.099

Liquid fuels trust levy From

To

NZD/ litre

01.01.78

30.09.86

0.001

Refinery expansion levy From

To

NZD/ litre

01.01.83 01.01.84 01.01.85 01.01.86 01.04.86

31.12.83 31.12.84 31.12.85 31.03.86 01.10.86

0.024 0.067 0.128 0.100 0.160

From

To

NZD/ litre

01.01.91 01.10.91 01.07.93 01.01.95

30.09.91 30.06.93 31.12.94 31.12.95

Lead tax

0.0231 0.0280 0.0210 0.0190

Regional taxes: From 1 July 1992 to 31 January 1996, premium and regular gasoline were also subject to regional taxes. The petroleum fuel monitoring levy became the petroleum or engine fuel monitoring levy on 1 October 2008. This levy was extended to include biofuels (bio-ethanol and bio-diesel).

NEW ZEALAND

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 229

From 1Q90 onwards, prices refer to retail prices. From 3Q87 to 4Q89, premium leaded and regular unleaded prices refer to wholesale prices. The importation of leaded gasoline, or lead additive, was banned from 1 January 1996. All stocks of leaded gasoline were consumed by 2Q96. Specifications Unleaded premium Octane: Sulphur content: Density: NCV: Regular unleaded Octane: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Electricity generation

91 RON < 0.005% 0.739 t/kl 10 296 kcal/kg

Prices and taxes are confidential.

Households Prices are calculated by summing surveyed quarterly incomes from sales to the residential sector and dividing by the surveyed quarterly consumption.

General tax (GST): See general notes for New Zealand. Special taxes and levies Energy resource levy

01.01.77

now

Prices refer to an annual consumption of 60 GJ or less and exclude commercial users of natural gas.

COAL General tax (GST): See general notes for New Zealand.

NZD/ 107 kcal 19.5

NZD/ GJ 0.45

From 1 January 1986 onwards, new gas discoveries are exempt from the energy resource levy.

Special taxes and levies Energy resource levy From

To

01.01.77

now

Gas technology levy From

To

26.06.87 01.01.90 01.10.00

31.12.89 30.09.00 now

NZD/ 107 kcal 0.4 0.6 0.9

NZD/ GJ 0.00969 0.0131 0.02

Wholesale gas levy From

To

01.07.05 01.07.06 01.07.07 01.07.08 01.07.09 01.07.10

30.06.06 30.06.07 30.06.08 30.06.09 30.06.10 now

9 004 kcal/m3 8 104 kcal/m3

Prices are calculated by summing surveyed quarterly incomes from sales to the industrial sector and dividing by the surveyed quarterly consumption.

Source: MED, Energy and Communications Branch.

To

Specifications GCV: NCV:

Industry 95 RON < 0.005% 0.757 t/kl 10 466 kcal/kg

NATURAL GAS

From

Prior to 2000, household prices refer to weighted averages of end-quarter prices in seven cities, based on published tariff schedules. The Producer Price Index was used to estimate industry gas prices.

NZD/ 107 kcal 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.9

NZD/ GJ 0.015 0.0178 0.0193 0.0179 0.0167 0.0184

From 2000 onwards, quarterly gas consumption, gas sales revenue and gas customer numbers are taken from a survey run by the MED, Energy and Communications Branch.

NZD/ tonne 2.0 1.5

Notes Excl. South Island lignite South Island lignite only

Prices refer to weighted averages of prices surveyed in 18 different locations and consist of the ex-mine price and the rail freight to destination. Information on coal consumed in the industry sector and for electricity generation is confidential. Specifications Quality: NCV:

Bituminous coal 6 836 kcal/kg

ELECTRICITY Prices are derived from the average income per kWh received by utilities from all economic sectors and households. MED calculates estimated industrial (including agriculture, forestry and fishing), commercial (including transport) and residential (domestic) prices from this information, which is collected on 31 March each year. Source: MED, Energy and Communications Branch 2010. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

230 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NEW ZEALAND

Industry

Oil products

From 1Q1990 onwards, prices for industry include the industrial and commercial sectors. Prices before 1990 include sales of gas used to generate electricity. Average prices are derived from total income of utilities and consumption of all economic sectors and households, collected on a 31 March fiscal year basis.

Wholesale: Prices collected from the four major oil/petrol retailers in New Zealand. A range of products are priced, but prices for premium motor spirit and diesel (delivered to pump) make up 65% of the index. Other items include aviation fuel, light fuel oil, kerosene, engine and lubricating oils, and Amex explosive.

Calendar year averages are estimated by calculating a weighted average using data for two consecutive fiscal years, where the weights are equal to the proportion of months that fall into the desired calendar year.

Electricity

Residential MED undertake a Quarterly Survey of Domestic Electricity Prices (QSDEP) for a modelled 8000 kWh/annum consumer (close to the average annual household consumption), which, combined with March year end sales information from utilities, is used to estimate more representative quarterly prices. Calendar year prices are calculated by summing estimated quarterly incomes and dividing by the estimated annual consumption, which is obtained using a weighted average as for the industrial sector. Quarterly incomes are estimated by multiplying the quarterly price estimates obtained from the QSDEP by estimated consumption in the residential sector.

Wholesale: Ninety quotes provided from fifteen different electricity retailers, for a series of “model services” in which usage details of a firm (deemed to a representative customer) are provided to the retailer. The electricity retailer reports their estimate of the monthly charge for the middle month of the reference quarter. Three different sized models are provided to each retailer (for small, medium, and large electricity users) as well as separate quotes to take account of summer and winter pricing differences. Retail: Twenty-five centres combined.

Natural gas Wholesale: Same methodology as commercial electricity index, but with a smaller number of price quotations. Retail: Seven centres combined.

Coal products ENERGY PRICE INDICES Quarterly data refer to the last month of each quarter. Annual figures are averages of the quarterly data shown.

Wholesale: Twenty-seven different price quotes. All report a price per tonne for a specified grade of coal from a specified mine or location. Prices are an average wholesale price for the middle month of the reference quarter.

Source: Statistics New Zealand.

Retail: Coal, charcoal and firewood combined.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 231

NORWAY Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Norwegian Crowns

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2144 2455 2455 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

979 1190 1190 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

979 1190 1190 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3123 3645 3645 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3371 3250 2958 3518 3776 4776 4428 4427 5750 4294 5094

730 932 949 898 915 934 951 969 1395 1440 1466

-

730 932 949 898 915 934 951 969 1395 1440 1466

4101 4182 3907 4416 4691 5710 5379 5396 7145 5734 6560

3455 3389 3229 3518 3776 4776 4428 4427 5750 4294 5094

730 932 949 898 915 934 951 969 1395 1440 1466

963 1037 1003 1060 1126 1427 1345 1349 1786 1434 1640

1693 1969 1952 1958 2041 2361 2296 2318 3181 2874 3106

5148 5358 5181 5475 5817 7137 6724 6745 8931 7168 8200

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5166 5083 5297 4725 ..

1466 1466 1466 1573 ..

..

1466 1466 1466 1573 ..

6632 6549 6763 6298 ..

5166 5083 5297 4725 ..

1466 1466 1466 1573 ..

1658 1637 1691 1575 ..

3124 3103 3157 3148 ..

8290 8186 8454 7873 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.687 3.612 3.313 3.434 3.610 4.440 4.692 4.717 5.920 4.506 5.267

4.360 3.360 3.260 3.330 3.390 3.440 3.500 3.560 3.900 4.070 4.140

-

4.360 3.360 3.260 3.330 3.390 3.440 3.500 3.560 3.900 4.070 4.140

8.047 6.972 6.573 6.764 7.000 7.880 8.192 8.277 9.820 8.576 9.407

3.587 3.612 3.351 3.435 3.610 4.420 4.692 4.717 5.920 4.506 5.267

4.460 3.360 3.260 3.330 3.390 3.440 3.500 3.560 3.900 4.070 4.140

1.851 1.673 1.587 1.624 1.680 1.970 2.048 2.069 2.455 2.144 2.352

6.311 5.033 4.847 4.954 5.070 5.410 5.548 5.629 6.355 6.214 6.492

9.898 8.645 8.198 8.389 8.680 9.830 10.240 10.350 12.275 10.720 11.759

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.300 5.164 5.615 4.918 ..

4.140 4.140 4.140 4.210 ..

..

4.140 4.140 4.140 4.210 ..

9.440 9.304 9.755 9.128 ..

5.300 5.164 5.615 4.918 ..

4.140 4.140 4.140 4.210 ..

2.360 2.326 2.439 2.282 ..

6.500 6.466 6.579 6.492 ..

11.800 11.630 12.194 11.410 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

232 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NORWAY Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Norwegian Crowns Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.562 3.360 2.936 3.168 3.615 4.080 4.456 4.590 5.073 4.414 5.097

5.280 4.620 4.540 4.640 4.720 4.810 4.890 4.970 5.125 5.300 5.400

2.034 1.915 1.794 1.874 2.000 2.220 2.337 2.390 2.550 2.429 2.624

7.314 6.535 6.334 6.514 6.720 7.030 7.227 7.360 7.675 7.729 8.024

10.876 9.895 9.270 9.682 10.335 11.110 11.683 11.950 12.748 12.143 13.121

3.310 3.110 2.686 2.918 3.332 3.840 4.275 4.376 4.897 4.204 4.751

5.280 4.620 4.540 4.640 4.720 4.810 4.890 4.970 5.125 5.300 5.400

1.976 1.855 1.734 1.814 1.932 2.160 2.291 2.337 2.506 2.376 2.538

7.256 6.475 6.274 6.454 6.652 6.970 7.181 7.307 7.631 7.676 7.938

10.566 9.585 8.960 9.372 9.984 10.810 11.456 11.683 12.528 11.880 12.689

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.237 4.997 5.202 4.852 ..

5.400 5.400 5.400 5.500 ..

2.659 2.599 2.651 2.588 ..

8.059 7.999 8.051 8.088 ..

13.296 12.996 13.253 12.940 ..

4.904 4.638 4.880 4.481 ..

5.400 5.400 5.400 5.500 ..

2.576 2.509 2.570 2.495 ..

7.976 7.909 7.970 7.995 ..

12.880 12.547 12.850 12.476 ..

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.806 2.812 2.368 3.410 3.885 4.368 4.696 4.830 5.313 4.654 5.337

5.280 5.410 5.350 4.640 4.720 4.810 4.890 4.970 5.125 5.300 5.400

2.090 1.973 1.852 1.932 2.065 2.295 2.397 2.450 2.610 2.489 2.684

7.370 7.383 7.202 6.572 6.785 7.105 7.287 7.420 7.735 7.789 8.084

11.176 10.195 9.570 9.982 10.670 11.473 11.983 12.250 13.048 12.443 13.421

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.477 5.237 5.442 x x

5.400 5.400 5.400 x x

2.719 2.659 2.711 x x

8.119 8.059 8.111 x x

13.596 13.296 13.553 x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 233

NORWAY Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Norwegian Crowns

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.1390 0.1840 0.1980 0.2600 0.2353 0.2238 0.2840 0.2255 0.2870 0.2953 0.3565

-

0.0320 0.0442 0.0475 0.0624 0.0565 0.0560 0.0710 0.0564 0.0720 0.0739 0.0891

0.0320 0.0442 0.0475 0.0624 0.0565 0.0560 0.0710 0.0564 0.0720 0.0739 0.0891

0.1710 0.2282 0.2455 0.3224 0.2918 0.2798 0.3550 0.2819 0.3590 0.3691 0.4456

0.3279 0.4140 0.4260 0.6114 0.5383 0.5299 0.6991 0.5148 0.5784 0.5591 0.7402

0.0856 0.1130 0.0935 0.0950 0.0967 0.0988 0.1005 0.1023 0.1050 0.1082 0.1101

0.0951 0.1265 0.1247 0.1695 0.1524 0.1572 0.1999 0.1543 0.1709 0.1668 0.2125

0.1807 0.2395 0.2182 0.2645 0.2491 0.2560 0.3004 0.2566 0.2759 0.2750 0.3226

0.5086 0.6535 0.6442 0.8759 0.7874 0.7859 0.9995 0.7714 0.8543 0.8341 1.0628

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.3220 0.2910 0.3550 0.3770 ..

..

0.0805 0.0728 0.0888 0.0943 ..

0.0805 0.0728 0.0888 0.0943 ..

0.4025 0.3638 0.4438 0.4713 ..

0.6586 0.6529 0.8390 0.8188 ..

0.1101 0.1101 0.1101 0.1121 ..

0.1922 0.1907 0.2373 0.2327 ..

0.3023 0.3008 0.3474 0.3448 ..

0.9608 0.9537 1.1864 1.1636 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

234 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

NORWAY Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2000 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 1998 = 100

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 96.9 80.7 89.8 102.3 123.4 134.0 137.0 166.8 141.9 162.4

69.0 79.3 82.7 86.7 87.1 91.5 93.6 100.3 100.0 107.0 124.4 115.8 110.7 113.1 121.1 132.3 142.9 146.2 161.8 150.5 163.7

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

87.9 87.6 88.3

110.9 113.4 112.4

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

92.0 100.0 106.0 111.3

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

Electricity Wholesale 1995 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Coal

Retail

Wholesale 1995 = 100

Retail 1998 = 100

91.1 92.7 91.7 94.4 93.6 99.9 104.4 108.2 100.0 98.0 103.4 132.2 130.2 177.9 162.3 158.4 202.7 159.2 202.1 195.2 236.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

112.1 108.0 102.0 102.0 101.1 100.0 106.4 107.5 101.9 100.8 104.6 109.2 102.0 102.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

91.4 91.7 98.8 103.3 107.3 106.0 115.8 105.9 100.0 101.4 122.0 127.3 129.9 134.9 129.9 125.8 134.5 138.9 146.0 159.1 161.4

.. .. ..

157.1 153.8 170.0

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

102.0 102.0 102.0

133.9 136.8 135.7

115.8 122.1 123.7 122.7

.. .. .. ..

166.7 158.5 162.9 161.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

102.4 .. .. ..

133.7 132.6 129.9 123.3

108.8 120.9 131.8 132.3

123.7 132.0 138.3 135.3

.. .. .. ..

151.8 156.8 159.2 165.8

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

124.6 120.5 127.2 130.7

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

133.2 135.6 136.8 130.3

138.9 146.1 148.7 137.8

.. .. .. ..

179.9 197.2 209.5 224.1

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

133.5 134.4 135.0 135.2

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

128.0 135.3 138.8 146.1

138.3 147.9 148.4 150.2

.. .. .. ..

165.8 145.2 139.2 186.4

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

136.9 139.4 138.7 140.7

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

156.3 173.4 179.7 157.8

157.6 167.7 172.2 149.5

.. .. .. ..

204.8 167.2 201.7 234.7

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

142.4 145.8 146.8 149.1

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

138.1 140.2 144.5 144.7

141.3 150.9 156.0 153.8

.. .. .. ..

211.8 192.6 186.6 189.9

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

154.1 157.1 162.1 163.2

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

153.4 163.7 161.8 170.8

160.4 165.6 162.2 166.5

.. .. .. ..

249.8 240.1 216.0 241.3

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

164.4 159.6 161.2 160.3

1Q2011 2Q2011

192.7 ..

176.3 ..

.. ..

266.5 ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

165.5 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

103.6 106.7 106.5 101.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Retail 1998 = 100

NORWAY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 235

NORWAY

From

To

General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry and automotive diesel for commercial purposes because it is refunded.

01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

From

To

%

Basic tax

01.01.70 01.01.93 01.01.95 01.01.01 01.01.05

31.12.92 31.12.94 31.12.00 31.12.04 now

20 22 23 24 25

GENERAL NOTES From 1Q93 onwards, prices refer to the weekly averages of the quarter. From 1Q86 to 4Q92, prices refer to the second month of the quarter. From 1Q83 to 4Q86, prices refer to the first month of the quarter. Prior to 1Q83, prices are quarterly averages. See individual products for details. Annual averages for oil and electricity are final and represent the official Norwegian statistics. The most recent quarterly prices are provisional.

OIL PRODUCT PRICES Source: Unless specified otherwise, Ministry of Petroleum and Energy; based on questionnaires received from STATOIL.

Low sulphur fuel oil Excise tax From

To

01.01.95

now

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

0

0

Special taxes Sulphur tax From

To

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

0.05 - 0.25% of sulphur content 01.01.95 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

85

70 72 74 75 76

CO2 tax From

To

01.01.95 01.01.96

31.12.95 31.12.96

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

494 507

407 417

From

To

01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

Specifications Sulphur Content: Delivery Size: Density: NCV:

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

518 530 548 560 583 595 607 614 627 642 654

426 436 451 461 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 570 580 590

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

231 464 473 483 490 501 510 519

190 382 389 398 405 414 421 429 845 870 886 983

0.09% (2001 average) 0.2% (maximum) 2 400 - 3 999 litres 0.82 - 0.86 t/kl 9 974 kcal/kg

High sulphur fuel oil Excise tax From

To

01.01.78 01.01.80 01.01.83 01.01.84 01.01.85 01.01.86 05.05.86 01.07.86

31.12.79 31.12.82 31.12.83 31.12.84 31.12.85 04.05.86 30.06.86 31.12.86

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

10 20 22 24 27 29 48 82

10 20 22 24 26 28 47 80

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

236 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

From

To

01.01.87 01.01.88 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.07.92 01.01.93

31.12.87 31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 30.06.92 31.12.92 31.12.94

NORWAY

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

153 214 214 316 327 173 0

150 210 210 310 320 170 0

Specifications (industry) Quality: Fuel oil no. 2 Density: 0.85 t/kl Specifications (households) Quality: Fuel oil no. 1 Density: 0.83 t/kl

Automotive diesel oil Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Special taxes

Gasoline

Sulphur tax From

To

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

General tax (GST): See general notes for Norway. Excise tax Leaded Gasoline

0.5% of sulphur content (> 0.5%) 01.01.83 01.01.84

31.12.83 31.12.84

5 6

5 6

0,05 - 0.25% of sulphur content 01.01.88 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91

31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.94

15 26 51 71

15 25 50 70

NOK/ tonne

NOK/ kl

CO2 tax From

To

01.01.91

31.12.92

306

300

01.01.93

31.12.93

408

400

01.01.94

31.12.94

410

402

Price shown is the list price, net of the estimated rebate of 25 NOK/tonne. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density:

Fuel oil no. 6 1% (4Q94 onwards) 2.5% (1Q78 to 3Q94) 0.98 t/kl (assumed)

Light fuel oil General tax (GST): See general notes for Norway. Excise tax: See amounts under low sulphur fuel oil. Special taxes: See amounts under low sulphur fuel oil. An additional excise tax is levied on light fuel oil. This applies mostly to industry. The tax is refunded if the sulphur content is removed before it is consumed. The tax is levied on each 0.25% sulphur content. From 1 January 1992 onwards, light fuel oil with a sulphur content less than 0.05% is exempted. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

From

To

01.01.78 01.01.80 01.01.81 01.01.83 01.12.83 01.01.86 01.07.86 01.01.87 01.01.88 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.07.92 02.07.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.07.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.07.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.79 31.12.80 31.12.82 30.11.83 31.12.85 30.06.86 31.12.86 31.12.87 31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.91 30.06.92 01.07.94 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 30.06.01 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 30.06.08 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

NOK/ litre 1.10 1.30 1.45 1.60 1.75 1.92 2.27 2.42 2.70 2.81 3.06 3.21 3.42 3.72 4.03 4.24 4.31 4.76 4.87 4.25 4.34 4.31 4.53 4.62 4.72 4.80 4.07 4.10 4.17 4.28 4.33 4.46 4.54 4.62

From January 1999 onwards, the prices for premium leaded refer to leaded substitute. In 1Q2011, leaded substitute gasoline was phased out in Norway and prices are no longer reported.

NORWAY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 237

Unleaded gasoline From 01.01.86 01.07.86 01.01.87 01.01.88 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.07.92 01.01.94 01.07.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.07.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.07.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

To 30.06.86 31.12.86 31.12.87 31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.91 30.06.92 31.12.93 30.06.94 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 30.06.01 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 30.06.08 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

NOK/ litre 1.72 2.09 2.20 2.38 2.45 2.63 2.68 2.77 3.07 3.12 3.37 3.57 3.64 4.02 4.11 4.25 4.34 4.06 3.74 3.81 3.89 3.96 4.03 4.10 4.17 4.28 4.33 4.46 4.54 4.62

Special tax CO2 tax From

To

01.01.91 01.01.92 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09

31.12.91 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09

NOK/ litre 0.60 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.72 0.73 0.75 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.84

From

To

01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.10 now

NOK/ litre 0.86 0.88

From January 2011 onwards, premium leaded gasoline is no longer sold in significant quantities.

NATURAL GAS Very small amounts of natural gas are used for electricity generation. Prices are not available.

COAL Prices for industry and households refer to average import prices (CIF), and are estimated after consultations with major importers and consumers. Special tax CO2 tax From

To

NOK/ kg

01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03

31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 now

0.400 0.410 0.415 0.425 0.435 0.445 0.460 0.470 0.480 0.490 0.500

Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy Survey among major importers and consumers.

ELECTRICITY Special tax Consumption tax From

To

NOK/ kWh

01.05.74 01.07.78 01.01.81 01.01.83 01.01.84 01.01.85 01.01.86 01.07.86

30.06.78 31.12.80 31.12.82 31.12.83 31.12.84 31.12.85 30.06.86 31.12.86

0.010 0.020 0.022 0.025 0.027 0.029 0.031 0.032

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

238 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

From

To

01.01.87 01.01.88 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.87 31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.91 31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

NOK/ kWh 0.034 0.036 0.037 0.0385 0.040 0.0415 0.046 0.051 0.052 0.0530 0.0562 0.0575 0.0594 0.0856 0.1130 0.0930 0.0950 0.0967 0.0988 0.1005 0.1023 0.1050 0.1082 0.1101 0.1121

Taxes refer to average annual revenues per kWh that utilities receive from industry and households. They are converted to quarterly tax rates using the electricity subindices from the monthly Consumer Price Index (for households) and in the monthly Wholesale Price Index (for industry). Source: Ministry of Industry and Energy; questionnaire survey of all power plants including those owned by industry.

Industry Excise tax: Applies to power-intensive industry and paper and pulp industry. From

To

NOK/ kWh

01.01.87 01.01.88 01.01.89

31.12.87 31.12.88 31.12.89

0.031 0.034 0.037

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

NORWAY

From 1 January 1990 onwards, the power-intensive and paper and pulp industries are paying the same tax as the other sectors. Prices refer to the average of the prices for the energy-intensive sectors such as manufacturing, paper and products, mining, quarrying, other manufacturing, transport, construction site power, private and public services. Prices for industry do not include grid rent.

Households Note: the electricity price series for households were revised for the 3rd Quarter 2007 edition in order to include grid rent. From 1Q2008 onwards, prices represent average spot contract prices; before 1Q2008, average variable price contacts. General taxes (VAT): Rates vary between regions and over time. The national average rate is close to 20%. Prices shown also include agriculture.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual figures are 12-month averages. From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly indices refer to the three-month average of the quarter. Prior to 4Q92, indices refer to the second month of each quarter. Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistisk Manedshefte, monthly.

Oil products Wholesale: Producer price index, refined petroleum products, domestic market. Retail: Weighted average of consumer price index for fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment and liquid fuels.

Coal products Wholesale: Coal, coke and briquettes. Retail: Consumer price index, solid fuels.

Electricity Retail: Consumer price index, electricity.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 239

POLAND Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Polish Zlotys

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. 723 904 1086 1124 1468 1383 1695

.. .. .. .. 60 60 60 60 60 64

.. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. 60 60 60 60 60 64

.. .. .. .. 723 964 1146 1184 1528 1443 1759

490 432 535 622 634 763 897 919 1113 1051 1370

60 60 60 60 60 64

-

60 60 60 60 60 64

490 432 535 622 634 823 957 979 1173 1111 1434

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1677 1718 1750 1901 ..

64 64 64 64 ..

..

64 64 64 64 ..

1741 1782 1814 1965 ..

1369 1409 1394 1615 ..

64 64 64 64 ..

..

64 64 64 64 ..

1433 1473 1458 1679 ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1050 904 875 1001 1221 1572 1740 1696 2094 1649 2037

111 127 160 195 197 233 233 233 233 233 232

-

111 127 160 195 197 233 233 233 233 233 232

1161 1031 1035 1196 1418 1805 1973 1929 2327 1882 2269

1217 1098 1033 1131 1341 1689 1885 1822 2223 1816 2134

111 127 160 195 197 233 233 233 233 233 232

292 269 262 292 338 423 466 452 540 451 521

403 396 422 487 535 656 699 685 773 684 753

1620 1494 1455 1618 1877 2345 2584 2508 2996 2499 2887

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2087 2050 2172 2484 ..

232 232 232 232 ..

..

232 232 232 232 ..

2319 2282 2404 2716 ..

2140 2159 2268 2557 ..

232 232 232 232 ..

522 526 550 641 ..

754 758 782 873 ..

2893 2917 3050 3430 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1.202 1.159 1.135 1.321 1.494 1.830 1.939 1.896 2.313 1.842 2.207

0.893 0.933 0.980 1.003 1.103 1.188 1.190 1.191 1.145 1.144 1.282

-

0.893 0.933 0.980 1.003 1.103 1.188 1.190 1.191 1.145 1.144 1.282

2.095 2.092 2.115 2.324 2.597 3.018 3.129 3.087 3.458 2.986 3.489

1.201 1.159 1.135 1.321 1.494 1.830 1.939 1.896 2.313 1.842 2.207

0.893 0.933 0.980 1.003 1.103 1.188 1.190 1.191 1.145 1.144 1.282

0.461 0.460 0.465 0.511 0.571 0.664 0.688 0.679 0.761 0.657 0.768

1.354 1.393 1.445 1.514 1.674 1.852 1.878 1.870 1.906 1.801 2.050

2.555 2.552 2.580 2.835 3.168 3.682 3.818 3.766 4.219 3.642 4.257

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2.243 2.254 2.318 2.558 ..

1.282 1.282 1.282 1.288 ..

..

1.282 1.282 1.282 1.288 ..

3.525 3.536 3.600 3.846 ..

2.243 2.254 2.318 2.558 ..

1.282 1.282 1.282 1.288 ..

0.775 0.778 0.792 0.885 ..

2.057 2.060 2.074 2.173 ..

4.300 4.314 4.392 4.731 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

240 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

POLAND Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Polish Zlotys Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1.522 1.396 1.338 1.454 1.659 1.932 2.012 1.962 2.069 1.933 2.285

1.224 1.393 1.464 1.498 1.562 1.498 1.396 1.647 1.648 1.652 1.658

0.604 0.613 0.616 0.649 0.709 0.754 0.750 0.794 0.818 0.789 0.867

1.828 2.006 2.080 2.147 2.271 2.252 2.146 2.441 2.466 2.441 2.525

3.350 3.402 3.418 3.601 3.930 4.184 4.158 4.403 4.535 4.374 4.810

1.347 1.191 1.152 1.250 1.500 1.700 1.867 1.804 1.875 1.727 2.070

1.224 1.393 1.464 1.498 1.562 1.571 1.396 1.647 1.648 1.652 1.658

0.566 0.568 0.576 0.605 0.674 0.720 0.718 0.759 0.775 0.743 0.820

1.790 1.961 2.040 2.103 2.236 2.291 2.114 2.406 2.423 2.395 2.478

3.137 3.152 3.192 3.353 3.736 3.991 3.981 4.210 4.298 4.122 4.548

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2.332 2.331 2.340 2.484 ..

1.658 1.658 1.658 1.660 ..

0.878 0.877 0.879 0.953 ..

2.536 2.535 2.537 2.613 ..

4.868 4.866 4.877 5.097 ..

2.145 2.092 2.111 2.303 ..

1.658 1.658 1.658 1.660 ..

0.837 0.825 0.829 0.911 ..

2.495 2.483 2.487 2.571 ..

4.640 4.575 4.598 4.874 ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. 0.928 1.029 1.083 1.222 1.191 1.329 1.051 1.360

.. .. .. 0.253 0.381 0.449 0.450 0.451 0.452 0.455 0.457

.. .. .. 0.260 0.310 0.337 0.368 0.361 0.392 0.331 0.400

.. .. .. 0.513 0.691 0.786 0.818 0.812 0.844 0.786 0.857

.. .. .. 1.441 1.720 1.870 2.040 2.004 2.172 1.838 2.217

578.13 709.84 706.55 684.05 655.05 726.60 913.15 1037.05 1281.49 1349.63 1370.92

-

-

-

578.13 709.84 706.55 684.05 655.05 726.60 913.15 1037.05 1281.49 1349.63 1370.92

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.304 1.320 1.481 1.648 ..

0.457 0.457 0.457 0.459 ..

0.387 0.391 0.426 0.485 ..

0.844 0.848 0.883 0.944 ..

2.149 2.167 2.364 2.592 ..

1365.33 1400.87 1419.70 1367.12 ..

..

..

..

1365.33 1400.87 1419.70 1367.12 ..

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. 662.31 665.89 773.36 869.00 903.96 976.10 975.35

.. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. 662.31 665.89 773.36 869.00 903.96 976.10 975.35

881.64 1020.85 1127.13 1083.37 1105.79 1174.95 1410.26 1560.48 1843.65 2049.91 1909.86

-

193.96 224.59 247.97 238.34 243.27 258.49 310.26 343.31 405.60 450.98 420.17

193.96 224.59 247.97 238.34 243.27 258.49 310.26 343.31 405.60 450.98 420.17

1075.60 1245.44 1375.10 1321.72 1349.07 1433.44 1720.52 1903.78 2249.26 2500.89 2330.03

949.91 974.02 1022.12 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

949.91 974.02 1022.12 .. ..

2140.39 2444.67 1876.44 1802.18 ..

..

470.89 537.83 412.82 414.50 ..

470.89 537.83 412.82 414.50 ..

2611.27 2982.50 2289.26 2216.68 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 241

POLAND Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Polish Zlotys

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

167.38 176.70 162.93 175.22 190.02 198.17 201.59 216.06 253.68 294.56 290.45

-

-

-

167.38 176.70 162.93 175.22 190.02 198.17 201.59 216.06 253.68 294.56 290.45

122.66 128.59 131.52 140.74 145.87 153.77 159.57 159.66 190.95 250.88 236.67

-

-

-

122.66 128.59 131.52 140.74 145.87 153.77 159.57 159.66 190.95 250.88 236.67

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

283.85 274.46 306.94 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

283.85 274.46 306.94 .. ..

234.50 234.35 237.22 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

234.50 234.35 237.22 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

329.96 357.83 376.13 373.84 384.57 394.26 414.85 440.74 507.90 591.87 611.44

-

72.59 78.72 82.75 82.24 84.60 86.74 91.27 96.96 111.74 130.21 134.52

72.59 78.72 82.75 82.24 84.60 86.74 91.27 96.96 111.74 130.21 134.52

402.55 436.55 458.88 456.08 469.17 481.00 506.12 537.71 619.63 722.08 745.96

169.55 191.88 195.18 203.62 350.90 373.05 295.31 309.49 539.11 407.54 571.22

-

-

-

169.55 191.88 195.18 203.62 350.90 373.05 295.31 309.49 539.11 407.54 571.22

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

590.47 602.96 626.97 635.96 ..

..

129.90 132.65 137.93 146.27 ..

129.90 132.65 137.93 146.27 ..

720.38 735.62 764.90 782.24 ..

570.29 662.51 649.22 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

570.29 662.51 649.22 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.1603 0.1836 0.1840 0.1989 0.1993 0.2061 0.2078 0.2080 0.2674 0.3535 0.3429

0.0150 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

-

0.0150 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

0.1603 0.1836 0.1990 0.2189 0.2193 0.2261 0.2278 0.2280 0.2874 0.3735 0.3629

0.2332 0.2659 0.2654 0.2815 0.2887 0.3005 0.3161 0.3221 0.3612 0.4082 0.4226

0.0150 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200

0.0513 0.0585 0.0617 0.0663 0.0679 0.0705 0.0739 0.0753 0.0839 0.0942 0.0974

0.0513 0.0585 0.0767 0.0863 0.0879 0.0905 0.0939 0.0953 0.1039 0.1142 0.1174

0.2845 0.3244 0.3421 0.3678 0.3766 0.3910 0.4101 0.4173 0.4650 0.5224 0.5400

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.3374 0.3377 0.3446 0.3452 ..

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 ..

..

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 ..

0.3574 0.3577 0.3646 0.3652 ..

0.4385 0.4410 0.4346 0.4408 ..

0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 ..

0.1009 0.1014 0.1000 0.1060 ..

0.1209 0.1214 0.1200 0.1260 ..

0.5594 0.5624 0.5546 0.5668 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

242 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

POLAND Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.7 14.0 19.7 28.1 33.8 38.0 45.4 53.0 58.8 73.5 100.0 92.9 92.2 99.4 111.6 123.7 124.8 129.8 135.9 126.7 142.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.2 13.1 22.2 30.5 42.0 53.7 62.4 72.8 83.0 91.9 100.0 114.1 122.6 128.7 131.1 135.6 141.3 143.6 159.0 178.0 187.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.0 9.3 22.7 29.4 40.4 50.4 59.8 67.9 79.1 85.4 100.0 111.7 116.1 120.0 124.9 134.2 160.7 170.9 188.6 199.9 206.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.9 15.8 22.8 33.4 50.1 59.7 75.3 86.9 93.0 91.8 100.0 109.6 115.4 115.4 119.3 122.3 128.2 135.9 159.7 188.6 191.2

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

99.1 98.1 99.6

.. .. ..

126.3 131.1 131.1

.. .. ..

118.9 118.2 123.6

.. .. ..

113.3 114.6 117.9

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

104.0 111.2 113.3 117.8

.. .. .. ..

131.1 131.1 131.1 131.1

.. .. .. ..

124.0 124.0 124.1 127.7

.. .. .. ..

118.1 117.5 119.7 122.0

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

114.2 121.4 129.9 129.1

.. .. .. ..

135.6 135.6 135.6 135.6

.. .. .. ..

130.5 129.7 134.4 142.1

.. .. .. ..

121.8 120.0 122.0 125.4

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

119.2 127.2 132.0 120.8

.. .. .. ..

141.3 141.3 141.3 141.3

.. .. .. ..

149.2 164.2 164.1 165.2

.. .. .. ..

126.2 125.3 127.6 133.7

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

118.7 130.3 134.1 136.2

.. .. .. ..

143.6 143.6 143.6 143.6

.. .. .. ..

170.7 169.9 170.6 172.4

.. .. .. ..

134.5 133.1 134.1 142.0

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

134.7 138.9 142.8 127.3

.. .. .. ..

155.2 159.1 160.4 161.2

.. .. .. ..

174.1 187.5 193.5 199.3

.. .. .. ..

148.0 149.9 159.5 181.3

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

115.5 125.0 134.6 131.8

.. .. .. ..

175.9 178.7 178.7 178.7

.. .. .. ..

201.8 200.4 198.5 198.9

.. .. .. ..

189.1 186.9 188.4 189.9

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

136.0 143.2 143.1 145.5

.. .. .. ..

186.0 188.2 188.2 188.2

.. .. .. ..

199.9 202.0 205.4 211.7

.. .. .. ..

189.3 186.8 189.1 196.5

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

154.2 ..

.. ..

201.0 ..

.. ..

215.3 ..

.. ..

200.6 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

POLAND

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 243

expenditures per tonne of high sulphur fuel oil paid to distributors by industry. From 1Q2004 onwards, prices of heavy fuel oil for electricity generation are a weighted average of the prices paid by the electricity generation sector to distributors for high and low sulphur fuel oils.

POLAND GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices shown for industry, electricity generation and automotive diesel oil because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes.

Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

Ciezki olej opalowy 0.951 t/kl less than 3% 9 835 kcal/kg

Automotive fuels From

To

%

05.07.93

31.12.10

22

01.01.11

now

23

Other energy From

To

%

05.07.93 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.11

31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.10 now

7 12 17 22 23

Source: Energy Market Agency / Central Statistical Office, Warsaw.

OIL PRODUCTS High sulphur fuel oil

Low sulphur fuel oil Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Ciezki olej opalowy niskosiarkowy less than 1% 0,925 t/kl 9 772 kcal/kg

Light fuel oil for industry Excise tax From

To

PLN/ kl

PLN/ tonne

01.07.99

31.07.99

272.31

307.0

01.08.99

31.08.99

276.26

334.0

01.09.99

31.12.99

100.00

118.34

01.01.00

29.02.00

105.00

124.26

01.03.00

31.08.00

110.00

130.18

01.09.00

31.12.00

115.00

136.09

Prices shown are annual and quarterly average expenditures per tonne of high sulphur fuel oil paid to distributors by industry.

01.01.01

31.05.01

123.00

145.56

01.06.01

31.12.01

130.00

153.85

01.01.02

31.12.02

160.00

189.35

Excise tax

01.01.03

31.12.03

195.00

230.77

01.01.04

31.12.04

197.00

233.14

01.01.05

31.12.09

233.00

275.74

01.01.10

now

232.00

274.56

From

To

PLN/tonne

01.01.05

31.12.09

60

01.01.10

now

64

This excise tax also applies to heavy sulphur fuel oil for electricity generation and low sulphur oil for industry. Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur Content: NCV:

Ciezki Olej Opalowy (heavy heating oil) 0.965 t/kl 1 - 3% (average 2.5%) 9 723 kcal/kg

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation Prior to 2004, prices shown for electricity generation were the same as the annual and quarterly average

Prices refer to the standard price for major distributors. Specifications (1Q94 onwards) Quality: Ekoterm Plus Density: 0.845 t/kl Sulphur content: 0.24 - 0.3% NCV: 41 000 kJ/kg Specifications (prior to 1Q94) Quality: Pozostale oleje napedowe (other diesel oils) Density: 0.851 t/kl Sulphur content: 1.2% NCV: 40 200 kJ/kg INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

244 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

POLAND

Automotive diesel oil

Gasoline General tax (VAT): See general notes for Poland.

Excise tax From

To

PLN/ litre

PLN/ kg

05.07.93 07.11.93 01.01.94 05.06.94 01.01.95 14.08.95 01.01.96 14.04.96 28.05.97 16.01.98 03.07.98 27.10.98 01.12.98 01.01.99 01.03.99 01.06.99 01.08.99 01.01.00 01.03.00 01.09.00 01.01.01 01.06.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10

06.11.93 31.12.93 04.06.94 31.12.94 13.08.95 31.12.95 13.04.96 27.05.97 15.01.98 02.07.98 26.10.98 30.11.98 31.12.98 28.02.99 31.05.99 31.07.99 31.12.99 29.02.00 31.08.00 31.12.00 31.05.01 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 now

0.169 0.194 0.220 0.237 0.241 0.300 0.307 0.355 0.384 0.544 0.584 0.604 0.634 0.665 0.698 0.733 0.806 0.846 0.886 0.926 0.902 0.955 0.980 1.003 1.103 1.188 1.190 1.191 1.145 1.144 1.282

0.2 0.23 0.26 0.280 0.2849 0.355 0.3638 0.42 0.455 0.644 0.691 0.715 0.750 0.787 0.826 0.867 0.954 1.001 1.049 1.096 1.067 1.130 1.160 1.187 1.305 1.406 1.408 1.409 1.355 1.354 1.517

Prices refer to pump prices at major distributors’ service stations. From 1 January 2008 onwards, two different excise taxes are levied on automotive diesel oil, according to whether the sulphur content is greater than 0.001% or less than or equal to 0.001%. From 1 January 2010, the excise tax shown in the price tables is for diesel with a sulphur content 1kV)

RD-Law 6/1999

01.01.03

All customers eligible

RD-Law 6/2000

Standard Coal PA 6% 0.8% 14%

ELECTRICITY Households General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Spain. Special taxes Special tax From

To

01.01.98

..

% 4.864

Special tax Turnover tax From

To

01.01.78 01.01.84

31.12.83 31.12.85

% 1.5 6

Prices shown are the average of turnover tariffs. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

272 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SPAIN

Eléctrica. From 1978 to 1988, UNESA, Memoria Estadística Eléctrica, yearly reports.

Industry Special tax Turnover tax From

To

01.01.78 01.01.84

31.12.83 31.12.85

% 5 6

From 2000 onwards, customers were split into two categories: those eligible customers that pay a fixed rate for access to transport and distribution network and a market-dependent component; those non-eligible customers that pay a fixed end-use price. In this case, industry prices are calculated as the average of eligible and noneligible consumers. Prior to 1999, prices were calculated as the average of turnover tariffs. As of 1 July 2008, the fixed end-use price option for industrial consumers was eliminated. Sources: From 2004 onwards, Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade. From 1995 to 2003, Ministry of Economy. From 1989 to 1994, Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo, Subdirección General de Energía

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Source: Eurostat, Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

Oil products Retail: Weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (cp0453) and HICP, Fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Electricity Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 273

SWEDEN Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Swedish Crowns

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2010 2289 1916 1893 1962 2747 3218 3290 4207 3397 4191

2019 2464 2751 3165 3629 3644 3663 3717 3966 4133 4133

-

2019 2464 2751 3165 3629 3644 3663 3717 3966 4133 4133

4029 4753 4667 5058 5591 6391 6881 7007 8173 7530 8324

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

4320 4151 4212 4865 5314

4133 4133 4133 4133 4133

-

4133 4133 4133 4133 4133

8453 8284 8345 8998 9447

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2283 2284 2072 2197 2533 3557 3975 3962 5285 3672 4445

529 535 539 544 546 548 551 559 605 631 633

-

529 535 539 544 546 548 551 559 605 631 633

2812 2819 2611 2741 3079 4105 4526 4521 5890 4303 5077

2539 2589 2482 2612 2974 4046 4499 4619 5899 4545 5343

1801 2215 2559 2948 3330 3344 3362 3413 3647 3804 3804

1085 1201 1260 1390 1576 1848 1965 2008 2386 2087 2287

2886 3416 3819 4338 4906 5192 5327 5421 6033 5891 6091

5425 6005 6301 6950 7880 9238 9827 10040 11932 10437 11434

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

4627 4404 4621 5175 ..

633 633 633 1144 ..

..

633 633 633 1144 ..

5260 5037 5254 6320 ..

5597 5388 5535 6134 ..

3804 3804 3804 3814 ..

2350 2298 2335 2487 ..

6154 6102 6139 6301 ..

11751 11490 11674 12435 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.832 3.878 3.590 3.313 3.506 4.637 5.242 5.086 6.526 4.888 5.643

2.925 3.041 3.121 3.178 3.331 3.645 3.665 3.720 4.160 4.339 4.335

-

2.925 3.041 3.121 3.178 3.331 3.645 3.665 3.720 4.160 4.339 4.335

6.757 6.919 6.711 6.491 6.837 8.282 8.907 8.806 10.686 9.227 9.978

3.832 3.877 3.589 3.313 3.506 4.637 5.242 5.086 6.526 4.888 5.643

2.925 3.041 3.121 3.178 3.331 3.645 3.665 3.720 4.160 4.339 4.335

1.689 1.730 1.678 1.623 1.709 2.071 2.227 2.202 2.672 2.307 2.495

4.614 4.771 4.799 4.801 5.040 5.716 5.892 5.922 6.832 6.646 6.830

8.446 8.648 8.388 8.114 8.546 10.353 11.134 11.008 13.358 11.534 12.473

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.858 5.567 5.783 6.601 ..

4.335 4.335 4.335 4.314 ..

..

4.335 4.335 4.335 4.314 ..

10.193 9.902 10.118 10.915 ..

5.858 5.567 5.783 6.601 ..

4.335 4.335 4.335 4.314 ..

2.548 2.476 2.530 2.729 ..

6.883 6.811 6.865 7.043 ..

12.741 12.378 12.648 13.644 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

274 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWEDEN Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Swedish Crowns Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

3.464 3.289 3.126 3.113 3.452 4.113 4.526 4.470 5.130 4.526 5.191

4.473 4.500 4.620 4.710 4.790 4.960 4.990 5.060 5.290 5.520 5.500

1.984 1.947 1.937 1.956 2.061 2.268 2.379 2.383 2.605 2.512 2.673

6.457 6.447 6.557 6.666 6.851 7.228 7.369 7.443 7.895 8.032 8.173

9.921 9.736 9.683 9.779 10.303 11.341 11.895 11.913 13.025 12.558 13.364

3.140 3.060 2.826 2.813 3.181 3.804 4.207 4.258 4.791 4.237 4.925

4.470 4.500 4.620 4.710 4.790 4.960 4.990 5.060 5.290 5.520 5.500

1.902 1.890 1.861 1.881 1.993 2.191 2.299 2.330 2.520 2.439 2.606

6.372 6.390 6.481 6.591 6.783 7.151 7.289 7.390 7.810 7.959 8.106

9.512 9.450 9.307 9.404 9.964 10.955 11.496 11.648 12.601 12.196 13.031

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.437 5.046 5.165 5.709 ..

5.500 5.500 5.500 5.500 ..

2.734 2.637 2.666 2.802 ..

8.234 8.137 8.166 8.302 ..

13.671 13.183 13.331 14.011 ..

5.162 4.780 4.919 5.610 ..

5.500 5.500 5.500 5.225 ..

2.666 2.570 2.605 2.709 ..

8.166 8.070 8.105 7.934 ..

13.328 12.850 13.024 13.544 ..

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2.720 .. x x x x x x x x x

5.130 .. x x x x x x x x x

1.963 .. x x x x x x x x x

7.093 .. x x x x x x x x x

9.813 .. x x x x x x x x x

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3421 4375 3726 3977

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 697 747 754 795

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 697 747 754 795

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4118 5123 4480 4773

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

3936 4019 4019 .. ..

795 795 795 .. ..

.. ..

795 795 795 .. ..

4731 4815 4815 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5603 6379 6540 6791

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2357 2544 2638 2637

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1990 2231 2294 2357

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4347 4774 4932 4995

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9950 11153 11472 11786

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6774 6809 6809 .. ..

2638 2637 2637 .. ..

2353 2361 2361 .. ..

4991 4998 4998 .. ..

11765 11807 11807 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 275

SWEDEN Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Swedish Crowns

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.507 0.624 0.628 0.689

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.512 0.629 0.633 0.694

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.801 0.898 0.920 0.986

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.256 0.254 0.265 0.270

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.266 0.289 0.300 0.314

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.522 0.543 0.565 0.584

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.323 1.441 1.485 1.570

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.698 0.679 0.679 .. ..

0.005 0.005 0.005 .. ..

.. ..

0.005 0.005 0.005 .. ..

0.703 0.684 0.684 .. ..

0.980 0.994 0.994 .. ..

0.270 0.270 0.270 .. ..

0.310 0.316 0.316 .. ..

0.580 0.586 0.586 .. ..

1.560 1.580 1.580 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

276 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWEDEN Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2000 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 2000 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Coal

Retail 2005 =100

Wholesale 2000 = 100

Retail

.. .. .. .. .. 58.4 62.8 67.0 57.9 65.2 100.0 106.0 101.2 101.2 113.3 138.8 155.4 155.3 182.3 150.2 173.2

.. .. .. .. .. 69.2 76.4 79.0 73.7 76.5 100.0 113.0 111.7 122.4 134.4 163.9 171.1 176.3 216.5 182.4 207.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 89.6 97.5 103.3 106.5 101.7 100.0 114.3 121.6 151.1 150.8 148.6 169.1 167.4 186.9 189.7 199.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 83.8 82.2 82.5 75.4 75.4 78.4 85.7 92.5 97.3 100.0 102.8 107.2 111.2 141.2 148.6

.. .. .. .. .. 96.4 95.6 103.2 101.2 91.5 100.0 129.4 117.9 108.9 124.0 160.4 169.5 151.6 253.0 250.5 229.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

96.8 99.3 97.4

122.1 119.6 119.1

.. .. ..

151.5 149.0 151.1

.. .. ..

90.8 92.5 95.9

113.8 109.5 103.5

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

99.8 112.5 120.7 120.3

123.3 129.7 138.1 146.6

.. .. .. ..

154.8 150.3 149.5 148.7

.. .. .. ..

97.3 97.3 97.3 97.3

100.5 116.7 142.1 136.5

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

119.2 132.8 153.1 150.1

146.2 158.1 172.9 178.5

.. .. .. ..

148.9 146.2 147.7 151.4

.. .. .. ..

99.0 99.0 101.0 101.0

134.1 166.2 166.0 175.4

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

153.3 160.7 162.7 144.7

168.0 175.9 177.1 163.2

.. .. .. ..

159.8 164.6 171.4 180.5

.. .. .. ..

102.8 102.8 102.8 102.8

177.4 166.6 167.3 166.6

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

144.1 156.5 157.0 163.4

162.5 173.7 178.6 190.3

.. .. .. ..

175.6 164.4 161.7 167.9

.. .. .. ..

107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2

152.7 148.0 151.9 153.9

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

171.9 196.6 203.4 157.2

205.5 229.7 232.3 198.3

.. .. .. ..

176.7 178.1 193.4 199.5

.. .. .. ..

109.7 109.7 112.7 112.7

154.8 248.0 280.1 328.9

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

135.7 150.4 156.1 158.6

176.6 181.0 184.2 187.8

.. .. .. ..

196.8 189.5 186.9 185.4

.. .. .. ..

141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2

312.7 252.7 222.6 214.1

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

166.1 179.5 171.6 175.6

194.2 212.5 209.3 213.4

.. .. .. ..

205.1 191.6 194.4 205.5

.. .. .. ..

148.6 148.6 148.6 148.6

214.8 236.6 238.0 227.0

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

194.0 ..

227.1 ..

.. ..

212.1 ..

.. ..

156.1 ..

230.6 ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

SWEDEN

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 277

SWEDEN GENERAL NOTES From 1Q94 onwards, quarterly prices refer to quarterly averages. From 1Q84 to 4Q93 prices refer to the second month of each quarter. Prior to 1Q84, prices refer to the first month of each quarter. See individual products for details. General tax (VAT): From 1 March 1990 onwards, applies to all energy forms (except aviation fuels). VAT is not included in the prices and taxes shown for industry, electrical generation and automotive diesel for commercial purposes because it is refunded. From

To

01.03.90

30.06.90

23.46

%

01.07.90

now

25.00

Special tax NOx Levy: From 1 January 1992 onwards, a levy of 40 SEK/kg of nitrogen oxide emissions from certain combustion plants is applied. The tax is levied on plants liable to pay it according to the amount of energy produced. The levy is not included in estimated tax component shown in this context. Sources: From 1Q93 onwards, Statistics Sweden. Prior to 1Q93, National Price and Competition Board. See individual products for exceptions.

OIL PRODUCTS Excise tax: Prior to 1 January 1993, an excise tax was applied to oil products. See individual product notes. Special taxes Energy tax: From 1 January 1993 onwards, the excise tax became the energy tax and was differentiated into three categories based on the maximum sulphur content (% mass content). Category

%

Class 1 (EC1)

0.001

Class 2 (EC2)

0.005

Class 3 (EC3)

0.035

Special tax: A special levy/fairway is applicable on all oil products, but is not included in the taxes shown.

From

To

SEK/ tonne

01.04.78

30.09.80

2

01.10.80

31.03.82

3

01.04.82

31.12.85

4

01.01.86

31.12.86

5.11 - 7.80

01.01.87

31.12.87

5.93 - 8.84

01.01.88

31.12.88

6.17 - 9.19

01.01.89

31.12.91

6.57 - 9.79

01.01.92

31.12.93

8.20 - 11.50

01.01.94

now

8.20 - 10.30

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation Special tax Sulphur tax: For 1993, an estimate of the general sulphur tax is shown in the tax column. Charges on emissions of nitrogen oxides are not included. Ordinarily, the majority of all volumes delivered to utilities are used for district heat generation. For this use the ex-tax price shown for 1993 is increased by the global tax amounts as shown for automotive diesel fuel (Class 3). However, the ex-tax price is not increased by the energy tax component if heat is generated in combination with electricity generation. Steam and hot water are tax-free (with the exception of VAT). From 1 January 1991 onwards, the general sulphur tax is levied on HFO for electricity generation, which is reduced if emissions are reduced by purifying. From 1Q00 onwards, prices are no longer available. From 1Q98 to 1Q00, prices refer to heavy fuel oil delivered to utilities and used for electricity generation. From 1Q92 to 1Q98, few utilities (less than three) have monthly purchase prices for HFO. Prior to 1991, prices are exempt of all taxes as electricity is taxed separately. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content:

No. 5 heavy fuel oil

From

To

01.10.84

31.12.88

% < 1% ASTM 1500s (maximum)

01.01.89

01.01.00

0.8% by weight (maximum)

Low sulphur fuel oil Special taxes Special oil tax From

To

SEK/ kl

SEK/ tonne

01.01.78

31.12.83

see excise column

01.01.84

31.12.90

118

122

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

278 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWEDEN

Energy tax

Light fuel oil

From

To

01.11.83 01.01.87 01.07.87 01.07.88 01.07.89 01.01.91 01.01.93

31.12.86 30.06.87 30.06.88 30.06.89 31.12.90 31.12.92 now

SEK/ kl 411 610 660 860 960 540 suppressed

SEK/ tonne 437 649 702 891 995 560

CO2 Tax From

To

01.01.91 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

SEK/ kl

SEK/ tonne

720 230 239.25 245.50 263.50 262.50 529 525 529 535 539 544 545.58 547.9 550.8 559.2 605.4 631.5 632.7 905.1

746 238 247.90 254.40 273.06 272.03 548.19 544.04 548.19 554.40 558.50 563.73 565.37 567.63 570.63

To

01.01.91

now

SEK/ kl

SEK/ tonne

27

28

Sources: From 2000 onwards, prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission. For 1998 and 1999, prices are confidential. Prior to 2Q98, prices refer to the weighted average of HFO produced by major oil companies and includes the estimated tax component. Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content:

No. 5 heavy Fuel Oil 0.94 t/kl

From

To

%

01.10.84 01.01.89

31.12.88 31.12.99

01.01.00

now

< 1% ASTM 1500s (maximum) 0.8% by weight (0.5% in some cities). Usually between 0.3% 0.6% by weight. < 0.3% by weight

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Special taxes Energy tax: Applies to households. From

To

Prior to 01.01.95 01.01.96

31.12.94 31.12.95 now

SEK/ kl see diesel 577 590

CO2 tax: See automotive diesel. For industry taxes, see low sulphur fuel oil. Prices refer to the weighted average price of LFO produced by major oil companies and include the estimated tax component. Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content:

Eldningsolja 1 (Heating Gasoil 1) 0.845 t/kl 0.2% by weight (maximum)*

* From 2Q87 onwards, the sulphur content must not exceed 0.2% by weight (annual average). In most cases, it does not exceed 0.1% by weight, resulting in no sulphur tax being levied.

Automotive diesel oil Excise tax: Prior to 1 January 1993, amounts are the same as heavy fuel oil for industry.

Sulphur tax: Applied to each 10% by weight of sulphur content exceeding 0.1% by weight. From

General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Sweden.

Since 2Q2011, the excise tax shown in the prices tables is 95% of the actual rate shown below. This is to account for the tax-exempt E85 content (5%) of diesel. Special taxes Energy tax: From 1 January 1993 onwards, the energy tax was differentiated with regard to environmental effects. The rates and categories are as follows: From 01.01.93 01.10.93 01.01.94 01.07.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.09.96 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05

To 30.09.93 31.12.93 30.06.94 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.08.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05

Class 1 0.090 0.090 0.005 0.562 1.442 1.476 1.524 1.614 1.600 1.864 1.512 1.323 1.004 0.733 1.036

SEK/litre Class 2 0.290 0.290 0.302 0.562 1.644 1.682 1.736 1.840 1.824 2.090 1.739 1.557 1.243 0.975 1.279

Class 3 0.540 0.540 0.562 0.562 1.910 1.955 2.018 2.138 2.119 2.388 2.039 1.865 1.556 1.294 1.600

SWEDEN

From 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 279

To 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

Class 1 1.042 1.057 1.277 1.332 1.322 1.524

SEK/litre Class 2 1.286 1.306 1.530 1.596 1.584 1.786

Class 3 1.609 1.633 1.633 1.735 1.722 1.924

CO2 tax: From 1 January 1993 onwards, the CO2 tax is levied at a constant rate for all three classes. From 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.07.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10 01.01.11

To 31.12.93 30.06.94 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 31.12.10 now

SEK/ litre 0.920 0.95 0.957 0.982 1.054 1.050 1.058 1.049 1.058 1.527 1.798 2.174 2.598 2.609 2.623 2.663 2.883 3.007 3.013 3.017

SEK/ m3 920 957 957 982 1 054 1 050 1 058 1 049 1 058 1 527 1 798 2 174 2 598 2 609 2.623 2 663 2 883 3 007 3 013 3 017

Special tax: Refers to a diesel tax. From 1995 onwards, amounts are included in the energy tax. From

To

SEK/ litre

SEK/ m3

1.300 0.843

1 300 843

1.30 1.04

1 300 1 040

Class 1 01.01.93 01.07.94

30.06.94 31.12.94

01.01.93 01.07.94

30.06.94 31.12.94

Class 2

Sulphur tax: From 1 January 1991 onwards, a general sulphur tax is levied. For rates, see note under heavy fuel oil for industry. From 2Q87 onwards, the sulphur content of automotive diesel oil must not exceed 0.2% by weight (annual average). In most cases the sulphur content does not exceed 0.1% by weight, resulting in no sulphur tax being levied. From 1Q93 onwards, prices refer to the weighted average pump prices of major oil companies. Prior to 1Q93, prices refer to the major companies’ list price at selfservice pumps.

Gasoline General tax (VAT): See general notes for Sweden. Since 2Q2011, the excise tax shown in the prices tables is 95% of the actual rate shown below. This is to account for the tax-exempt E85 content (5%) of gasoline. Special taxes Oil fee/tax From

To

SEK/ litre

01.01.84

31.12.90

0.06

Gasoline and CO2 tax: From 1 December 1994 onwards, the gasoline tax was differentiated according to the environmental effects. Prior to 1 January 1991, taxes for leaded and unleaded gasoline were identical. Numbers in parentheses refer to the environmental category/class. Leaded (SEK/litre) From

To

01.01.86

06.30.87

Gasoline tax

CO2

2.29

0

tax

01.07.87

31.03.88

2.53

0

01.04.88

31.12.89

2.78

0

01.01.90

31.12.90

3.16

0

01.01.91

30.06.91

2.64

0.58

01.07.91

31.12.92

2.68

0.58

1 300

01.01.93

31.12.93

3.65

0.74

01.01.94

30.11.94

3.65

0.77

Mileage tax: From 1 April 1988 to 30 September 1993, prices and taxes do not include the mileage tax for diesel-engine vehicles. This tax was applied according to the motor type and vehicle weight.

01.12.94

31.12.94

3.71

0.77

Class 3 01.01.93

31.12.94

From

To

01.04.88 01.03.90 01.10.93 01.01.95

28.02.90 30.09.93 31.12.94 now

1.30

SEK/ 10 km

Category

1.40 ≤ 900 kg 1.65 < 900 kg replaced by Special Tax included in Energy Tax

01.01.95

31.12.95

3.81

0.79

01.01.96

31.08.96

3.90

0.86

01.09.96

30.06.97

4.03

0.86

01.07.97

31.12.98

4.27

0.86

01.01.99

31.12.99

4.23

0.85

01.01.00

31.12.00

4.27

0.86

01.01.01

31.12.01

3.92

1.24

01.01.02

now

no longer consumed

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

280 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWEDEN

Unleaded (SEK/litre) From

To

Gasoline tax

CO2 tax

01.01.86

06.30.87

2.13

0

01.07.87

31.03.88

2.33

0

01.04.88

31.12.89

2.58

0

01.01.90

31.12.90

2.92

0

01.01.91

30.06.91

2.40

0

01.07.91

31.12.92

2.37

0.58

01.01.93

31.12.93

3.14

0.74

01.01.94

30.11.94

3.14

0.77

01.12.94

31.12.94

3.14 (2)

0.77

3.20 (3)

0.77

3.22 (2)

0.79

01.01.95 01.01.96 01.09.96 01.07.97 01.01.99

31.12.95 31.08.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99

3.28 (3)

0.79

3.30 (2)

0.86

3.36 (3)

0.86

3.41 (2)

0.86

3.47 (3)

0.86

3.61 (2)

0.86

3.68 (3)

0.86

3.58 (2)

0.85

3.65 (3)

0.85 0.86

01.01.00

31.12.00

3.61 (2) 3.68 (3)

0.86

01.01.01

31.12.01

3.26 (1)

1.24

3.29 (2)

1.24

01.01.02

31.12.02

3.16 (1)

1.46

3.19 (2)

1.46

01.01.03

31.12.03

2.94 (1)

1.77

2.97 (2)

1.77

2.68 (1)

2.11

2.71 (2)

01.01.04

31.12.04

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to the Eurostat consumption band D2 for households and I4 for industry. Specifications Consumption band D2: annual consumption of 20 to 200 GJ. Consumption band I4: annual consumption of 100 000 to 1 000 000 GJ. Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

COAL The coal price series have been discontinued since 1990.

Steam coal for industry Special taxes Coal use tax From

To

01.01.84

01.01.91

SEK/ tonne 10

Energy tax From

To

SEK/ tonne

2.11

01.04.83

31.12.86

140

01.01.05

31.12.05

2.84 (1)

2.12

01.01.87

30.06.88

305

01.01.06

31.12.06

2.86 (1)

2.13

01.07.88

30.06.89

400

01.01.07

31.12.07

2.90 (1)

2.16

01.07.89

31.12.90

450

01.01.08

31.12.08

2.95 (1)

2.34

01.01.91

31.12.92

230

01.01.09

31.12.09

3.08 (1)

2.44

01.01.10

now

3.06 (1)

2.44

From 1Q93 onwards, prices refer to the weighted average pump price of major oil companies. Prior to 1Q93, the prices refer to the major companies' list price at selfservice pumps. Specifications Premium Quality:

Unleaded 98 RON gasoline Bensin 98 oktan, blyfri

Premium leaded 98 RON Lead content: 0.15 g/litre Premium leaded 98 RON has not been sold since 28 February 1995. Between 1995 and 2001, leaded replacement gasoline was sold.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CO2 tax From

To

SEK/ tonne

01.01.91

31.12.92

620

01.01.93

31.12.93

200

01.01.94

31.12.94

208

01.01.95

31.12.95

213.50

01.01.96

31.12.96

229

01.01.97

30.06.97

228.25

01.07.97

31.12.98

460

01.01.99

31.12.99

456

01.01.00

31.12.00

460

01.01.01

31.12.01

465

01.01.02

31.12.02

469

SWEDEN

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 281

Sulphur tax

ELECTRICITY

From

To

SEK/ tonne

01.01.91

..

30 for every 10% by weight of sulphur

Steam coal for electricity generation Special taxes Energy tax From

To

SEK/ tonne

Prior to 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02

01.01.93 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02

see industry 230 239 245 251 278 316 313 316 293 301

CO2 tax From

To

SEK/ tonne

01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.07.97 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02

31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 30.06.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02

800 832 845 916 913 920 912 920 1 329 1 564

Sulphur tax From

To

SEK/ tonne

01.01.93

..

30 for every 10% by weight of sulphur

Steam coal for households Specifications Delivery Size:

10/30 mm

Coking coal for industry Prior to 2Q90, prices refer to monthly average unit import price (CIF) for the second month of each quarter. NCV:

6 454 kcal/t (2003 average)

Source: Customs administration.

From 1Q07, prices refer to the Eurostat consumption band DD for households and ID for industry (see specifications). No information was available from 1998 to 2006. Prior to 1998, prices refer to annual average ex-tax revenues per kWh received by all public utilities from total deliveries to manufacturing industry, mining, and quarrying (industry), and from low-voltage deliveries to households and commerce (households). Latest data are derived from the most actual annual statistics on revenues by using producer price index on electricity (industry) and consumer price index on electricity (households). General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Sweden. Special taxes Energy tax (SEK/kWh): The lower value under category “Household and Commercial” is valid for some municipalities in the north of Sweden while the higher tax is valid for the rest of the country. Approximately 9 per cent of the households are subject to the lower tax while the rest, 91 per cent, are subject to the higher rate. From

To

20.03.77 21.12.79 01.07.81 01.01.84 01.12.84 01.01.87 01.07.89 01.03.90 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.09.96 01.07.97 01.01.98 01.01.99 01.01.00 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09 01.01.10

20.12.79 30.06.81 31.12.83 30.11.84 31.12.86 30.06.89 28.02.90 31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.08.96 30.06.97 31.12.97 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 31.12.09 now

Industry < 40 MWh/ Add. conyear sumption 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.052 0.03 0.072 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005

Household and commercial 0.03 0.04 0.03-0.04 0.042-0.052 0.062-0.072 0.062-0.072 0.082-0.092 0.022-0.072 0.035-0.085 0.036-0.088 0.037-0.090 0.043-0.097 0.058-0.113 0.082-0.138 0.096-0.152 0.095-0.151 0.106-0.162 0.125-0.181 0.140-0.198 0.168-0.227 0.181-0.241 0.194-0.254 0.201-0.261 0.204-0.265 0.178-0.270 0.186-0.282 0.185-0.280

Specifications Consumption band DD: annual consumption of 5 000 to 15 000 kWh.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

282 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWEDEN

Consumption band ID: annual consumption of 2 000 to 20 000 MWh.

Oil products

Source: From 1Q07, Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards. Prior to 1998, Statistics Sweden.

Retail: Weighted average of heating oil (LFO) and gasoline.

Wholesale: PPI for domestic supply.

Electricity ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Sources: Statistics Sweden. Except for natural gas which is from Eurostat, Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: Electricity.

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Coal Wholesale: coal import price index based on energy content.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 283

SWITZERLAND Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Swiss Francs

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

310.2 279.1 267.9 288.9 251.6 376.7 431.6 466.8 636.6 446.4 547.4

12.6 10.4 8.9 8.9 8.9 7.3 4.7 4.7 40.4 41.6 118.9

-

12.6 10.4 8.9 8.9 8.9 7.3 4.7 4.7 40.4 41.6 118.9

322.8 289.5 276.8 297.8 260.5 384.0 436.3 471.5 677.0 488.0 666.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

554.1 511.1 525.1 597.1 ..

118.9 118.9 118.9 118.9 ..

..

118.9 118.9 118.9 118.9 ..

673.0 630.0 644.0 716.0 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

420.5 377.7 322.5 352.4 419.7 596.0 688.1 699.6 923.1 535.8 634.4

13.6 11.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 7.2 7.2 4.1 32.9 34.4 99.6

-

13.6 11.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 7.2 7.2 4.1 32.9 34.4 99.6

434.1 388.8 331.6 361.5 428.9 603.2 695.3 703.7 956.0 570.2 734.0

458.8 419.8 370.7 399.1 459.7 644.6 727.6 745.3 985.7 605.9 694.2

13.6 11.1 9.1 9.1 9.2 7.2 7.2 4.1 32.9 34.4 99.6

35.4 32.8 28.9 31.0 35.6 49.5 55.8 57.0 77.4 48.7 60.3

49.0 43.9 38.0 40.1 44.8 56.7 63.0 61.1 110.3 83.1 159.9

507.8 463.7 408.7 439.2 504.5 701.4 790.6 806.4 1096.0 688.9 854.1

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

676.0 621.8 655.1 727.4 ..

99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6 ..

..

99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6 ..

775.6 721.4 754.7 827.0 ..

734.0 672.9 707.5 794.8 ..

99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6 ..

63.3 58.7 61.3 71.6 ..

162.9 158.3 160.9 171.2 ..

896.9 831.2 868.4 966.0 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.448 0.397 0.341 0.378 0.469 0.644 0.735 0.750 0.985 0.584 0.685

0.770 0.767 0.765 0.765 0.765 0.763 0.763 0.771 0.774 0.774 0.774

-

0.770 0.767 0.765 0.765 0.765 0.763 0.763 0.771 0.774 0.774 0.774

1.218 1.164 1.106 1.143 1.234 1.407 1.498 1.521 1.759 1.358 1.459

0.566 0.534 0.476 0.498 0.579 0.759 0.854 0.872 1.108 0.710 0.826

0.770 0.767 0.765 0.765 0.765 0.763 0.763 0.771 0.774 0.774 0.774

0.100 0.099 0.094 0.096 0.102 0.116 0.123 0.125 0.143 0.113 0.121

0.870 0.866 0.859 0.861 0.867 0.879 0.886 0.896 0.917 0.887 0.895

1.436 1.400 1.335 1.359 1.446 1.638 1.740 1.768 2.025 1.597 1.721

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.731 0.661 0.700 0.765 ..

0.774 0.774 0.774 0.774 ..

..

0.774 0.774 0.774 0.774 ..

1.505 1.435 1.474 1.539 ..

0.850 0.822 0.846 0.927 ..

0.774 0.774 0.774 0.774 ..

0.123 0.121 0.123 0.136 ..

0.897 0.895 0.897 0.910 ..

1.747 1.717 1.743 1.837 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

284 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWITZERLAND Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Swiss Francs Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.601 0.570 0.518 0.527 0.603 0.725 0.831 0.872 0.967 0.700 0.828

0.746 0.744 0.741 0.737 0.737 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.742 0.749 0.742

0.101 0.100 0.096 0.096 0.102 0.111 0.119 0.122 0.130 0.110 0.119

0.847 0.844 0.837 0.833 0.839 0.846 0.854 0.857 0.872 0.859 0.861

1.448 1.414 1.355 1.360 1.442 1.571 1.685 1.729 1.839 1.559 1.689

0.556 0.512 0.462 0.482 0.566 0.684 0.792 0.828 0.917 0.651 0.779

0.746 0.744 0.741 0.737 0.737 0.735 0.735 0.735 0.742 0.749 0.742

0.098 0.095 0.091 0.093 0.099 0.108 0.116 0.119 0.126 0.107 0.116

0.844 0.839 0.832 0.830 0.836 0.843 0.851 0.854 0.868 0.856 0.858

1.400 1.351 1.294 1.312 1.402 1.527 1.643 1.684 1.785 1.507 1.637

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.865 0.820 0.824 0.897 ..

0.749 0.735 0.735 0.735 ..

0.123 0.118 0.118 0.131 ..

0.872 0.853 0.853 0.866 ..

1.737 1.673 1.677 1.763 ..

0.812 0.773 0.773 0.851 ..

0.749 0.735 0.735 0.735 ..

0.119 0.115 0.115 0.127 ..

0.868 0.850 0.850 0.862 ..

1.680 1.623 1.623 1.713 ..

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

373.0 495.4 430.3 427.0 434.1 497.9 607.0 686.5 776.6 734.5 609.0

3.3 4.7 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 5.4 31.1 30.5 80.8

-

3.3 4.7 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 5.4 31.1 30.5 80.8

376.3 500.1 434.7 430.8 437.9 501.6 611.1 691.9 807.7 765.0 689.8

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

597.9 597.9 643.2 659.9 ..

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 ..

..

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 ..

678.7 678.7 724.0 740.7 ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

642.6 764.3 711.4 699.4 704.2 773.0 887.3 976.1 1070.1 1005.7 903.5

3.3 4.7 4.4 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.1 5.4 31.1 30.5 80.8

48.4 58.4 54.4 53.4 53.8 59.0 67.7 74.6 83.7 78.8 74.8

51.7 63.1 58.8 57.2 57.6 62.7 71.8 80.0 114.8 109.3 155.6

694.3 827.4 770.2 756.6 761.8 835.7 959.1 1056.1 1184.9 1115.0 1059.1

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

891.3 892.2 939.6 934.5 ..

80.8 80.8 80.8 80.8 ..

73.9 74.0 77.6 81.2 ..

154.7 154.8 158.4 162.0 ..

1046.0 1047.0 1098.0 1096.5 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 285

SWITZERLAND Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Swiss Francs

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

87.0 99.3 82.3 86.8 117.3 117.5 119.5 150.0 234.5 149.8 162.0

-

-

-

87.0 99.3 82.3 86.8 117.3 117.5 119.5 150.0 234.5 149.8 162.0

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

168.0 170.0 158.0 183.0 ..

..

..

..

168.0 170.0 158.0 183.0 ..

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.1166 0.1139 0.1097 0.1059 0.1038 0.1004 0.1006 0.1004 0.1016 0.0971 0.1022

0.0045 0.0045

-

0.0045 0.0045

0.1166 0.1139 0.1097 0.1059 0.1038 0.1004 0.1006 0.1004 0.1016 0.1016 0.1067

0.1748 0.1708 0.1698 0.1666 0.1646 0.1610 0.1540 0.1520 0.1554 0.1610 0.1700

0.0045 0.0045

0.0131 0.0130 0.0129 0.0127 0.0125 0.0120 0.0120 0.0116 0.0118 0.0125 0.0132

0.0131 0.0130 0.0129 0.0127 0.0125 0.0120 0.0120 0.0116 0.0118 0.0170 0.0177

0.1879 0.1838 0.1827 0.1793 0.1771 0.1730 0.1660 0.1636 0.1672 0.1780 0.1877

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.1125 0.1125 0.1125 0.1125 ..

0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 ..

..

0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 ..

0.1170 0.1170 0.1170 0.1170 ..

0.1696 0.1696 0.1710 0.1787 ..

0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 ..

0.0132 0.0132 0.0133 0.0147 ..

0.0177 0.0177 0.0178 0.0192 ..

0.1873 0.1873 0.1888 0.1979 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

286 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SWITZERLAND Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 1995 = 100

Retail 1995 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 1995 = 100

Natural gas

Retail 1995 = 100

Wholesale 1995 = 100

Retail 1995 = 100

Coal Wholesale 1995 = 100

Retail

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. 106.5 100.0 114.7 123.9 104.0 114.2 172.4 159.0 142.5 151.4 173.0 222.6 251.9 258.0 323.3 213.9 251.0

.. .. .. 105.1 101.8 100.0 107.2 113.3 102.6 107.6 142.2 134.7 125.2 129.3 141.3 167.4 182.9 187.3 220.7 163.6 186.4

87.3 89.3 92.9 96.1 97.7 100.0 100.6 99.9 99.4 98.9 97.3 96.3 94.6 93.0 90.9 87.2 87.6 85.6 84.4 85.5 87.5

79.5 82.8 86.7 89.7 91.5 100.0 101.0 100.9 100.5 101.2 100.7 100.7 99.8 98.0 96.4 93.6 93.3 91.8 93.5 98.3 103.2

91.9 105.9 109.3 110.2 103.3 100.0 97.3 99.4 99.8 94.6 109.2 139.8 122.9 122.0 121.7 137.7 163.4 176.9 201.8 189.7 169.2

93.7 98.7 100.5 99.2 95.9 100.0 98.5 99.9 100.5 97.7 109.3 130.0 120.5 118.9 119.3 130.1 152.0 159.4 180.2 167.4 159.5

97.6 98.6 102.3 100.5 95.8 100.0 97.9 95.4 95.1 91.6 110.0 130.2 107.9 106.0 148.0 137.1 144.7 170.0 251.9 170.4 183.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

143.5 148.0 151.8

125.7 128.1 128.6

93.4 93.3 91.3

98.3 98.2 96.9

121.8 122.1 122.2

118.6 119.2 119.0

96.1 107.1 118.6

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

151.6 166.3 177.4 196.6

128.5 138.7 144.5 153.3

91.2 91.2 91.2 89.9

96.7 96.5 96.5 95.8

119.8 119.6 119.6 127.6

118.0 117.8 117.8 123.7

135.8 149.4 154.3 152.6

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

185.8 210.5 244.7 249.5

146.5 159.1 178.4 185.4

87.3 87.2 87.2 87.2

93.9 93.5 93.5 93.5

133.7 134.3 134.8 147.8

126.5 126.8 127.0 140.2

137.5 140.9 133.9 136.0

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

244.6 260.4 266.0 236.5

177.8 187.9 192.1 173.7

87.5 87.7 87.7 87.6

93.4 93.4 93.4 93.0

156.6 156.8 159.4 180.6

147.7 147.9 149.3 163.0

138.5 145.7 147.3 147.4

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

230.2 252.2 262.7 287.0

169.1 186.0 190.5 203.4

86.0 85.9 85.9 84.4

91.7 91.7 91.7 91.9

178.8 178.2 177.5 173.0

160.8 159.9 159.1 157.7

150.6 157.4 170.0 202.1

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

300.6 343.7 368.8 280.0

211.3 234.8 243.4 193.3

84.1 84.0 84.0 85.5

93.0 93.0 93.0 95.0

194.3 197.4 198.4 217.1

172.1 175.7 176.0 197.0

228.1 257.0 292.8 229.7

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

198.5 202.7 225.6 228.6

153.8 159.4 169.0 172.3

85.7 85.4 85.3 85.4

95.1 98.0 99.4 100.9

215.4 199.9 188.5 154.8

182.8 171.9 164.4 150.5

191.4 167.3 160.4 162.5

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

240.8 262.6 247.3 253.2

181.9 192.9 183.6 187.0

86.9 87.5 87.5 88.2

103.2 103.2 103.2 103.3

165.3 165.3 165.3 180.7

157.3 157.3 157.4 165.8

172.5 189.1 191.5 178.7

.. .. .. ..

201.1 ..

.. ..

107.3 ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. ..

167.5 ..

.. ..

.. ..

SWITZERLAND

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 287

SWITZERLAND GENERAL NOTES From 1Q93 onwards, prices refer to the monthly averages of the quarter. From 1Q86 up to 4Q92, prices refer to the second month of each quarter. From 1Q83 to 4Q85, prices refer to the first month of the quarter. Prior to 1Q83, prices refer to quarterly averages. See individual products for details. General tax (VAT): From 1 January 1995 onwards, VAT replaced the Turnover Tax, which was levied only on gasoline and diesel. VAT is not included in energy prices for industry and automotive diesel for commercial use because it is refunded. From

To

%

01.01.95

31.12.98

6.5

01.01.99

31.12.00

7.5

01.01.01

31.12.10

7.6

01.01.11

now

8.0

Special tax: Prices do not include duties for nongovernmental energy research funds. CO2 tax on fossil fuel for heating and process heat From 1 January 2008 onwards, a tax on CO2 emissions is levied on heating oil, natural gas and other fossil fuels used for heating purposes and process heat. Its initial level was 12 CHF per tonne of CO2 emissions. On 1 January 2010, the tax has been trebled to 36 CHF per tonne of CO2 emissions. Its new value is circa 0.096 CHF/litre for light fuel oil, 114.19 CHF/tonne for low sulphur fuel oil, 0.074 CHF/m3 (75.3 CHF/107 kcal) for natural gas and 95.10 CHF/tonne for steam coal. This tax was introduced purely as an incentive, but from 2010 onwards up to 200 of the circa 600 million CHF yield per year is earmarked to fund CO2-effective measures in buildings (renovations, heating with renewable energies). The rest is reimbursed to households (reduced health care premiums) and to companies (reduced oldage pension contributions). Large industrial customers have the possibility to be exempted from CO2 tax by the Federal Government, provided they commit themselves to limit their emissions of greenhouse gases.

are financed by final consumers. In past years, emergency fund contributions had been collected in excess and had to be reimbursed. For this reason, contribution fees on light and low sulphur fuel oils were negative in 2008 and the first half of 2009. Incentive tax on sulphur From 1 January 2004 onwards, an incentive tax of 0.03 CHF/litre was levied on motor fuels containing more than 0.001% sulphur. According to the Federal Finances Administration, this tax revenue is negligible. It is reimbursed to the consumer through the medium of health insurance. Since 1 January 2005, the sulphur limit for both gasoline and diesel is 0.005%. Promotion of environmentally friendly fuels The law on motor fuel taxation has been revised in order to promote environmentally friendly fuels. Since 1 July 2008 biofuels are completely or at least partly exonerated from excise tax according to minimal ecological and social requirements. Excise tax on natural gas and LPG used as motor fuels has been reduced by 40 centimes per litre of gasoline equivalent. To make up for its loss of income the Swiss Government has increased excise tax on gasoline by 1.35 centimes on 1 July 2008, with the intention to raise it up to 6 centimes in the long run. But sales of biofuels remained much lower than expected. For this reason this tax supplement has been cancelled on 1 October 2010. “Climate cent” on motor fuel oils From 1 October 2005 onwards, a surcharge of 0.015 CHF/litre is levied on gasoline and diesel by the “Climate Change” Foundation of the Swiss Oil Association. The surcharge is not included in fuel oil taxes below since it is levied by a private body on a non-governmental basis. The revenues from this surcharge serve for domestic and foreign emission-mitigating projects as well as to purchase international CO2 emissions certificates. The system proved its effectiveness by the end of 2007 and the Government decided to pursue it until 2012. But the objective of reducing the CO2 emissions from motor fuels (a 10% reduction between 1990 and 2010) still remains far out of reach. The introduction of a CO2 tax on motor fuels could help to mitigate consumption. Sources: Federal Office of Statistics. Data published: Federal Dept. of Economic Affairs, La Vie Economique, Monthly Bulletin. See individual products for exceptions.

Low sulphur fuel oil OIL PRODUCTS Oil emergency reserves Compulsory stocks of oil products are held by oil companies under governmental control, in order to face supply disruptions that the private economy cannot cope with. Corresponding costs (hereafter: Emergency fund)

Excise tax From

To

CHF/ tonne

01.01.78 27.02.86 11.06.86

26.02.86 10.06.86 30.06.95

3.80 47.60 3.80

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

288 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

From

To

01.07.95 01.01.97

31.12.96 now

SWITZERLAND

CHF/ tonne 3.70 3.60

Special tax Emergency fund From

To

Prior to 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.05 01.01.06 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.07.09

31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.04 31.12.05 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.06.09 now

CHF/ tonne see LFO 13.85 14.00 13.85 9.87 8.95 6.80 5.25 3.66 1.12 1.11 -1.27 1.12

From January 1993 onwards, prices refer to the Zurich area "at-the-door" price (all expenses included). Prior to December 1992, data shown are Swiss average prices. Specifications Sulphur content:

From

To

CHF/ kl

CHF/ tonne

01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.07.09

31.12.90 31.12.91 31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.06.09 now

26.23 24.80 23.98 19.78 16.69 16.80 17.10 13.10 10.60 8.05 6.05 6.20 4.20 1.05 -1.95 1.05

31.30 30.10 29.10 24.00 20.25 20.40 20.20 15.50 12.42 9.53 7.16 7.34 4.97 1.24 -2.31 1.24

From 1Q94 onwards, data shown are wholesale average prices, which are approximately 5% lower than in previous quarters. A continuous series could be estimated by multiplying prices prior to 1Q94 by 0.95. Prior to 1Q94, data refer to the national average prices for all lots larger than 20 kl/year. For households, reported data are average prices for representative lots of 3 - 6 kilolitres. Specifications Quality:

1%

Heizoel extra-leicht/ Huile extra-légère (mazout) 0.845 t/kl (1Q96 onwards) 0.824 t/kl (prior to 1Q96) < 0.2%

Source: From 1 January 1993 onwards, price transmitted by the oil industry and previously by the Federal Office of Statistics.

Density:

Light fuel oil

Automotive diesel

General tax (VAT): Applies to households only. See general notes for Switzerland.

General tax (VAT): Applies to non-commercial use. See rates for gasoline.

Excise tax

Excise tax

From

To

01.01.78 27.02.86 11.06.86 01.07.95 01.01.97

26.02.86 10.06.86 30.06.95 31.12.96 now

CHF/ kl

CHF/ tonne

3.18 3.89 3.13 3.05 3.00

3.80 4.76 3.80 3.70 3.55

Sulphur content:

From

To

CHF/ litre

CHF/ tonne

01.01.78 01.10.85 08.03.93 01.07.95 01.01.97

31.09.85 07.03.93 30.06.95 31.12.96 now

0.553 0.557 0.759 0.754 0.759

672.35 667.00 908.64 903.20 908.98

CHF/ litre

CHF/ tonne

0.0138 0.0121 0.0142 0.0130

16.75 14.75 17.29 15.79

Special tax Emergency fund

Special tax Emergency fund From

To

CHF/ kl

CHF/ tonne

From

To

01.01.78 01.01.86 01.07.86 01.10.86

31.12.85 30.06.86 30.09.86 31.12.89

21.16 17.81 16.97 18.06

25.25 21.25 20.25 21.55

01.01.83 01.01.84 01.01.85 01.01.86

31.12.83 31.12.84 31.12.85 30.06.86

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

SWITZERLAND

From

To

01.07.86 01.10.86 01.01.87 01.01.89 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.07 01.01.08

30.09.86 31.12.86 31.12.88 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.91 31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.06 31.12.07 now

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 289

CHF/ litre

CHF/ tonne

From

To

0.0124 0.0135 0.0120 0.0109 0.0153 0.0171 0.0162 0.0129 0.0115 0.0104 0.0129 0.0131 0.0106 0.0081 0.0061 0.0062 0.0042 0.01205 0.01505

14.75 16.09 14.34 13.09 18.34 20.54 19.50 15.50 13.80 12.45 15.45 15.69 12.69 9.64 7.31 7.43 5.03 14.43 18.02

01.01.86 01.07.86 01.10.86 01.01.88 01.01.90 01.01.91 01.01.92 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95 01.01.96 01.01.97 01.01.98 01.01.01 01.01.02 01.01.03 01.01.04 01.01.05 01.01.07

30.06.86 30.09.86 31.12.87 31.12.89 31.12.90 31.12.91 31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 31.12.95 31.12.96 31.12.97 31.12.00 31.12.01 31.12.02 31.12.03 31.12.04 31.12.06 now

From 1Q95 onwards, diesel prices for commercial use do not include VAT as it is refunded but up to 4Q94 they included the turnover tax which was not refunded.

From

To

0.0156 0.0149 0.0159 0.0127 0.0157 0.0229 0.0212 0.0185 0.0177 0.0212 0.0189 0.0171 0.0150 0.0130 0.0094 0.0058 0.0062 0.0042 0.00405

Excise tax Premium leaded From

To

CHF/ litre

01.01.78

31.09.85

0.529

01.10.85

31.12.88

0.549

01.01.89

31.12.91

0.569

01.01.92

07.03.93

0.586

08.03.93

31.12.93

0.788

%

01.01.94

30.06.95

0.800

31.12.96

0.795 0.799

For commercial use, data shown are average prices paid for bulk deliveries. Diesel used by non-commercial consumers exceeds 10% of all diesel sold. Specifications Density: Sulphur content:

CHF/ litre

0.835 t/kl

01.01.94

31.12.99

0.05

01.07.95

01.01.00

31.12.04

0.035

01.01.97

31.12.97

01.01.05

now

0.005

01.01.98

31.12.99

01.01.00

now

Gasoline

0.807 prohibited

Premium unleaded: 98 and 95 RON

General tax (turnover tax): This tax was in force until 1994.

From

To

CHF/ litre

From

01.10.85

31.12.88

0.468

01.01.89

31.12.91

0.489

01.01.92

07.03.93

0.505

08.03.93

31.12.93

0.707

General tax (VAT): Replaces the Turnover Tax since 1 January 1995. See general notes for Switzerland.

01.01.94

30.06.95

0.719

01.07.95

31.12.96

0.715

Special tax Emergency fund

01.01.97

31.12.97

0.719

01.01.98

31.12.99

0.727

01.01.00

30.06.08

0.731

01.07.08

30.09.10

0.745

01.10.10

now

0.731

01.01.78 01.10.82

From 01.01.83 01.01.84 01.01.85

To 30.09.82 31.12.94

To 31.12.83 31.12.84 31.12.85

% 5.6 6.2

CHF/ litre 0.0154 0.0132 0.0145

From 1 January 2000 onwards, the sale of leaded gasoline is prohibited.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

290 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Specifications Grade and octane:

Lead content: Benzene content: Density:

SWITZERLAND

Year

Premium leaded 98 RON Premium unleaded 98 RON Premium unleaded 95 RON 0.15 g/litre 1% (maximum) 0.744 t/kl

NATURAL GAS Data for the latest year are provisional. General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Switzerland. Excise tax From

To

CHF/ 10^7 kcal

CHF/ tonne

01.01.78

26.02.86

1.90

2.06

27.02.86

10.06.86

19.00

20.60

11.06.86

30.06.95

1.86

2.06

01.07.95

31.12.96

1.80

2.00

01.01.97

now

1.89

2.10

Special taxes Emergency fund: Since no gas can be stored in Switzerland, the Swiss gas industry has a legal obligation to bare a share of the costs of holding light fuel oil emergency stocks. The annual contribution is based on the total quantity of gas consumed and is included in both prices and taxes shown. Year

CHF/ 107 kcal

CHF/ kWh

1986

0.9

0.008

1987

2.4

0.021

1988

2.1

0.018

1989

2.4

0.021

1990

3.5

0.03

1991

2.9

0.025

1992

4.1

0.035

1993

3.4

0.029

1994

3.7

0.032

1995

2.8

0.024

1996

2.1

0.018

1997

2.4

0.021

1998

2.3

0.02

1999

1.6

0.014

2000

1.4

0.012

2001

2.85

0.0245

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CHF/ 107 kcal

CHF/ kWh

2002

2.5

0.0215

2003

1.88

0.0162

2004

1.85

0.0159

2005

1.7

0.0146

2006

2.20

0.0189

2007

3.45

0.0297

2008

4.06

0.0349

2009

3.51

0.03

Specifications GCV:

9 560 kcal/m3

Source: Swiss Federal Office of Statistics.

Industry Tariffs refer to annual consumption of 11.63 GWh, maximum load 6 000 kWh, (interruptible contract). Larger consumers (more than 50 GWh per year), negotiate tariffs which are approximately 25% lower.

Households Tariffs refer to annual consumption of 20 MWh and apply to space heating (gas boilers with a maximum load of 15 kW) together with water heating and cooking. The tariff for “cooking only” (annual consumption of approximately 1 000 kWh) is 3.5 times higher.

COAL General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Switzerland. Excise tax From

To

CHF/ tonne

01.01.78

30.06.95

1.03

01.07.95

31.12.96

1.00

01.01.97

31.12.98

0.90

01.01.99

now

0

Prices refer to the first month of each quarter. The share of coal use is very small. Most steam coal is used by the cement industry.

Steam coal for industry Special tax The price does not include the CO2 tax because it is used only by large customers who are exempted from this tax.

SWITZERLAND

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 291

Emergency fund

ELECTRICITY

From

To

CHF/ tonne

01.01.82

31.12.89

18.0

01.01.90

30.06.92

11.0

01.07.92

30.06.93

6.0

01.07.93

31.12.95

3.0

01.01.96

31.12.96

1.0

01.01.97

now

0

From 1998 onwards, the Federal government removed the obligation to maintain coal emergency stocks. Specifications Quality: Size: NCV:

Finekohle 0 - 50 mm 6 000 kcal/kg (cement industry)

Source: Transmitted by the coal industry.

Coal for households From 3Q93 onwards, this series has been discontinued. Special tax Emergency fund From

To

01.01.82

31.12.96

Specifications Quality:

CHF/ tonne 19.0

Lignite

Coking coal Special tax Emergency fund To

01.01.82

31.12.96

Source: Federal Office of Statistics, which publishes the tariffs shown.

Industry From 2000 onwards, prices refer to consumption of 10 - 20 000 MWh. Tariffs for larger consumers (more than 20 GWh per year), are at least 0.02 CHF/kWh less. Average annual prices for the previous year are collected each February. Therefore, prices for the most recent year are provisional. Prior to 1998, tariffs refer to annual consumption of 15 000 MWh, maximum load 5 000 kWh.

Households From June 2000 onwards, the definitions of the different categories of consumers have been changed, notably in order to take into account people’s growing preference for larger apartments. This leads to a typical electricity tariff for households, which is about 7% lower than the preceding one.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES CHF/ tonne 19.0

From 1Q90 onwards, this series is discontinued due to a lack of consumers (factories switching to natural gas). Prior to 1Q90, prices refer to coal used mainly used in the paper and machine industries. Specifications Quality: Size: NCV:

Promotion of green electricity production Electricity produced with small hydropower, photovoltaic, wind, geothermic, biomass and waste from biomass can be fed into the electricity network at a costcovering remuneration. To finance the difference between the latter and market price, a tax of 0.45 cents is levied since 1 January 2009 on each kilowatt hour consumed. The amount of this tax will be set each year by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy. It will not exceed 0.6 cents per kWh.

Tariffs refer to consumption of 4.5 MWh/year.

Sources: Telephone survey. Data published: Federal Department for Economic Affairs, La Vie Economique, Monthly Bulletin.

From

General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Switzerland.

From 1986 onwards, annual indices are quarterly averages. Previously they were 12-month averages. From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly indices refer to the threemonth average of the quarter. From 1Q86 to 4Q92, indices refer to the second month of the quarter. Prior to 1Q86, indices refer to the first month of each quarter. Source: Correspondence with the Federal Energy Office.

Oil products Nusskohle 10, 20, and 30 mm 7 200 kcal/kg

Indices are calculated from 1993 onwards, and are based on the weighted average of heating oil (LFO), gasoline and diesel for both wholesale and retail.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

292 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

TURKEY Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Turkish Lira

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

100.9 160.9 262.9 291.2 291.5 415.6 572.9 661.9 885.8 828.1 958.3

9.4 28.2 76.5 96.5 126.8 204.0 204.0 204.0 214.0 224.0 224.0

18.6 33.5 61.1 69.8 75.3 111.5 139.8 155.9 198.0 189.4 212.8

28.0 61.7 137.6 166.2 202.1 315.5 343.8 359.9 412.0 413.4 436.8

128.9 222.6 400.5 457.4 493.6 731.1 916.7 1021.8 1297.7 1241.5 1395.2

100.9 160.9 262.9 291.2 291.5 415.6 572.9 661.9 885.8 828.1 958.3

9.4 28.2 76.5 96.5 126.8 204.0 204.0 204.0 214.0 224.0 224.0

18.6 33.5 61.1 69.8 75.3 111.5 139.8 155.9 198.0 189.4 212.8

28.0 61.7 137.6 166.2 202.1 315.5 343.8 359.9 412.0 413.4 436.8

128.9 222.6 400.5 457.4 493.6 731.1 916.7 1021.8 1297.7 1241.5 1395.2

967.4 951.9 954.0 1180.4 ..

224.0 224.0 224.0 224.0 ..

214.4 211.7 212.0 252.8 ..

438.4 435.7 436.0 476.8 ..

1405.8 1387.6 1390.0 1657.2 ..

967.4 951.9 954.0 1180.4 ..

224.0 224.0 224.0 224.0 ..

214.4 211.7 212.0 252.8 ..

438.4 435.7 436.0 476.8 ..

1405.8 1387.6 1390.0 1657.2 ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

165.0 335.4 400.1 460.5 534.1 798.6 1043.2 1112.4 1498.6 1181.1 1324.1

207.4 323.4 518.5 647.8 651.8 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5

62.0 116.7 165.4 199.5 213.5 280.6 324.7 337.1 406.6 349.5 375.2

269.5 440.1 683.9 847.3 865.3 1041.1 1085.2 1097.6 1167.1 1110.0 1135.7

434.5 775.5 1084.0 1307.8 1399.5 1839.7 2128.4 2210.0 2665.8 2291.0 2459.8

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1326.3 1308.7 1388.2 1666.1 ..

760.5 760.5 760.5 760.5 ..

375.6 372.5 386.8 436.8 ..

1136.1 1133.0 1147.3 1197.3 ..

2462.4 2441.6 2535.5 2863.4 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.180 0.338 0.392 0.480 0.579 0.823 1.050 1.117 1.550 1.264 1.658

0.192 0.285 0.537 0.701 0.726 0.835 0.835 0.835 0.885 0.935 0.935

0.062 0.110 0.167 0.213 0.235 0.298 0.339 0.351 0.438 0.396 0.467

0.255 0.396 0.705 0.913 0.961 1.133 1.174 1.186 1.323 1.330 1.401

0.435 0.733 1.096 1.394 1.539 1.956 2.224 2.302 2.873 2.594 3.059

0.180 0.338 0.392 0.480 0.579 0.823 1.050 1.117 1.550 1.264 1.658

0.192 0.285 0.537 0.701 0.726 0.835 0.835 0.835 0.885 0.935 0.935

0.062 0.110 0.167 0.213 0.235 0.298 0.339 0.351 0.438 0.396 0.467

0.255 0.396 0.705 0.913 0.961 1.133 1.174 1.186 1.323 1.330 1.401

0.435 0.733 1.096 1.394 1.539 1.956 2.224 2.302 2.873 2.594 3.059

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.654 1.634 1.716 2.007 ..

0.935 0.935 0.935 0.935 ..

0.466 0.462 0.477 0.530 ..

1.400 1.397 1.412 1.464 ..

3.055 3.031 3.128 3.471 ..

1.654 1.634 1.716 2.007 ..

0.935 0.935 0.935 0.935 ..

0.466 0.462 0.477 0.530 ..

1.400 1.397 1.412 1.464 ..

3.055 3.031 3.128 3.471 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 293

TURKEY Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Turkish Lira Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.223 0.369 0.441 0.520 0.618 0.786 0.991 1.077 1.293 1.155 1.646

0.277 0.474 0.810 1.009 1.042 1.363 1.363 1.363 1.427 1.492 1.474

0.084 0.149 0.225 0.275 0.299 0.387 0.424 0.439 0.490 0.476 0.562

0.361 0.623 1.035 1.284 1.341 1.749 1.786 1.802 1.917 1.968 2.036

0.583 0.992 1.477 1.804 1.959 2.535 2.777 2.879 3.209 3.122 3.682

0.223 0.361 0.500 0.615 0.647 0.759 0.961 1.052 1.270 1.142 1.646

0.275 0.483 0.755 0.918 1.019 1.377 1.366 1.363 1.424 1.492 1.474

0.084 0.150 0.226 0.276 0.300 0.384 0.419 0.435 0.485 0.474 0.562

0.359 0.633 0.981 1.194 1.318 1.761 1.785 1.797 1.909 1.965 2.036

0.582 0.993 1.481 1.810 1.966 2.520 2.745 2.849 3.179 3.107 3.682

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.645 1.598 1.730 1.890 ..

1.492 1.492 1.423 1.492 ..

0.565 0.556 0.568 0.609 ..

2.056 2.048 1.991 2.100 ..

3.702 3.646 3.721 3.990 ..

1.645 1.598 1.730 1.890 ..

1.492 1.492 1.423 1.492 ..

0.565 0.556 0.568 0.609 ..

2.056 2.048 1.991 2.100 ..

3.702 3.646 3.721 3.990 ..

Ex-tax price

Automotive LPG for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. 0.370 0.426 0.501 .. .. 0.785 0.938 0.870 1.172

.. .. 0.267 0.411 0.362 .. .. 0.496 0.550 0.561 0.562

.. .. 0.180 0.151 0.155 .. .. 0.231 0.268 0.258 0.312

.. .. 0.447 0.562 0.517 .. .. 0.727 0.818 0.818 0.875

.. .. 0.816 0.988 1.018 .. .. 1.512 1.756 1.689 2.047

101.3 209.2 272.2 284.3 264.5 323.1 404.5 462.3 605.4 587.9 492.2

3.9 7.2 13.9 22.9 22.9 23.3 25.1 25.1 25.1

8.1 37.0 49.7 52.5 50.1 62.3 76.9 87.4 113.5 110.3 93.1

8.1 37.0 53.6 59.7 64.0 85.2 99.9 110.7 138.6 135.5 118.2

109.4 246.2 325.8 344.0 328.4 408.4 504.3 573.1 744.0 723.3 610.5

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.135 1.130 1.252 1.352 ..

0.561 0.567 0.561 0.561 ..

0.305 0.305 0.326 0.344 ..

0.866 0.873 0.887 0.905 ..

2.001 2.003 2.139 2.257 ..

491.4 491.4 493.4 510.0 ..

25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 ..

93.0 93.0 93.3 96.3 ..

118.1 118.1 118.5 121.5 ..

609.5 609.5 611.8 631.5 ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

97.6 205.7 270.7 276.7 261.6 319.4 400.4 460.2 604.4 586.1 479.0

3.9 7.2 13.9 22.9 22.9 23.3 25.1 25.1 25.1

7.8 36.4 49.4 51.1 49.6 61.6 76.2 87.0 113.3 110.0 90.7

7.8 36.4 53.4 58.4 63.4 84.6 99.1 110.3 138.4 135.1 115.9

105.4 242.1 324.1 335.0 325.1 404.0 499.6 570.5 742.9 721.3 594.9

150.1 253.2 323.4 338.0 314.4 411.5 503.4 572.4 725.6 745.9 668.8

2.9 -

12.0 44.8 58.7 60.8 56.6 74.1 90.6 103.0 130.6 134.3 120.4

12.0 44.8 61.6 60.8 56.6 74.1 90.6 103.0 130.6 134.3 120.4

162.1 297.9 385.1 398.8 371.1 485.5 594.1 675.4 856.2 880.1 789.1

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

479.2 478.5 479.0 505.0 ..

25.1 25.1 25.1 25.1 ..

90.8 90.7 90.7 95.4 ..

115.9 115.8 115.9 120.5 ..

595.1 594.3 594.9 625.5 ..

669.5 671.4 666.0 670.9 ..

..

120.5 120.9 119.9 120.8 ..

120.5 120.9 119.9 120.8 ..

790.1 792.3 785.9 791.6 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

294 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

TURKEY Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Turkish Lira

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

17.30 33.19 54.05 56.74 49.28 54.32 58.86 76.93 101.92 110.67 106.30

-

2.91 5.89 9.73 10.21 8.87 9.78 10.59 13.85 18.35 19.92 19.13

2.91 5.89 9.73 10.21 8.87 9.78 10.59 13.85 18.35 19.92 19.13

20.22 39.08 63.78 66.95 58.15 64.10 69.45 90.78 120.26 130.59 125.44

7.71 10.71 19.48 24.18 31.30 28.67 30.08 30.57 35.61 42.11 46.21

-

1.30 1.90 3.51 4.35 5.63 5.16 5.41 5.50 6.41 7.58 8.32

1.30 1.90 3.51 4.35 5.63 5.16 5.41 5.50 6.41 7.58 8.32

9.01 12.61 22.98 28.53 36.93 33.83 35.49 36.07 42.01 49.69 54.53

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

106.00 106.00 105.33 116.67 ..

..

19.08 19.08 18.96 21.00 ..

19.08 19.08 18.96 21.00 ..

125.08 125.08 124.29 137.67 ..

45.49 46.11 47.87 51.56 ..

..

8.19 8.30 8.62 9.28 ..

8.19 8.30 8.62 9.28 ..

53.68 54.41 56.49 60.84 ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

27.70 44.93 67.71 75.82 90.59 100.17 113.89 136.06 177.58 201.50 204.75

-

4.67 7.96 12.19 13.65 16.31 18.03 20.50 24.49 31.96 36.27 36.86

4.67 7.96 12.19 13.65 16.31 18.03 20.50 24.49 31.96 36.27 36.86

32.37 52.89 79.90 89.47 106.89 118.20 134.39 160.55 209.55 237.77 241.61

37.42 65.30 96.35 102.48 125.08 146.67 170.63 192.50 248.13 308.13 301.25

-

6.28 11.50 17.34 18.45 22.52 26.40 30.71 34.65 44.66 55.46 54.23

6.28 11.50 17.34 18.45 22.52 26.40 30.71 34.65 44.66 55.46 54.23

43.69 76.80 113.69 120.93 147.60 173.07 201.34 227.15 292.79 363.59 355.48

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

199.00 209.00 212.00 219.67 ..

..

35.82 37.62 38.16 39.54 ..

35.82 37.62 38.16 39.54 ..

234.82 246.62 250.16 259.21 ..

295.00 307.50 307.50 307.50 ..

..

53.10 55.35 55.35 55.35 ..

53.10 55.35 55.35 55.35 ..

348.10 362.85 362.85 362.85 ..

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.0424 0.0819 0.1195 0.1254 0.1198 0.1163 0.1163 0.1152 0.1469 0.1735 0.1843

0.0004 0.0008 0.0012 0.0013 0.0012 0.0047 0.0047 0.0046 0.0059 0.0069 0.0074

0.0072 0.0147 0.0217 0.0228 0.0218 0.0218 0.0218 0.0216 0.0275 0.0325 0.0345

0.0076 0.0155 0.0229 0.0240 0.0230 0.0264 0.0264 0.0262 0.0334 0.0394 0.0419

0.0500 0.0974 0.1424 0.1494 0.1428 0.1427 0.1427 0.1414 0.1803 0.2129 0.2262

0.0430 0.0831 0.1210 0.1281 0.1278 0.1242 0.1242 0.1242 0.1679 0.2004 0.2166

0.0022 0.0042 0.0061 0.0064 0.0064 0.0099 0.0099 0.0099 0.0135 0.0160 0.0173

0.0076 0.0155 0.0229 0.0242 0.0242 0.0241 0.0241 0.0241 0.0327 0.0390 0.0421

0.0098 0.0196 0.0289 0.0306 0.0305 0.0341 0.0341 0.0341 0.0461 0.0550 0.0594

0.0528 0.1027 0.1499 0.1587 0.1583 0.1583 0.1583 0.1583 0.2140 0.2554 0.2760

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.1843 0.1843 0.1843 0.1843 ..

0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 0.0074 ..

0.0345 0.0345 0.0345 0.0345 ..

0.0419 0.0419 0.0419 0.0419 ..

0.2262 0.2262 0.2262 0.2262 ..

0.2166 0.2166 0.2166 0.2166 ..

0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 0.0173 ..

0.0421 0.0421 0.0421 0.0421 ..

0.0594 0.0594 0.0594 0.0594 ..

0.2760 0.2760 0.2760 0.2760 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 295

TURKEY Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2003 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 2003 = 100

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale 2003 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.9 5.5 8.5 16.9 29.6 51.9 79.1 100.0 109.1 148.4 198.3 202.7 275.8 225.5 278.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 4.5 7.3 13.9 22.5 39.3 58.2 72.0 78.6 100.0 110.2 114.5 131.3 124.2 147.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.5 7.6 12.9 21.9 33.1 65.1 93.9 100.0 97.3 102.0 113.9 126.9 162.1 189.2 193.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.5 7.5 12.8 21.8 33.1 64.2 93.5 99.1 98.9 100.0 99.9 99.9 134.3 159.3 171.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.0 4.0 6.2 11.5 17.7 45.1 62.4 77.9 80.6 100.0 122.1 133.2 163.8 162.5 177.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 8.1 12.5 18.6 26.4 44.6 74.6 100.0 107.6 114.4 138.7 161.5 198.0 225.8 233.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.0 6.8 11.4 16.9 26.0 43.9 65.4 81.9 97.2 100.0 111.6 129.3 154.0 170.4 172.6

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

99.9 100.0 95.9

72.8 72.1 69.8

100.1 99.5 99.3

98.7 98.7 98.7

.. .. ..

79.0 77.0 76.3

98.2 101.1 104.0

78.8 81.2 89.9

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

97.3 101.7 113.0 124.5

70.6 73.2 80.7 90.0

98.7 96.6 96.7 97.1

98.8 98.8 98.8 99.1

.. .. .. ..

75.9 77.2 82.8 86.3

106.1 107.1 107.9 109.1

95.4 95.5 97.1 100.9

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

134.7 139.4 164.1 155.6

93.2 99.0 103.5 104.4

105.5 106.1 106.9 89.5

99.8 100.4 99.9 99.9

.. .. .. ..

91.7 96.9 101.1 110.3

110.8 113.5 116.4 116.8

100.2 98.7 98.8 102.3

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

162.2 210.5 234.5 185.9

104.1 111.4 116.4 108.9

108.8 109.1 110.9 126.9

99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9

.. .. .. ..

114.6 118.3 126.9 128.8

120.9 135.1 146.1 152.6

105.2 105.7 111.1 124.5

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

174.9 204.8 208.0 223.3

108.4 113.8 114.6 120.4

130.1 126.2 133.2 117.9

99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9

.. .. .. ..

129.5 129.7 132.1 140.4

156.0 154.3 161.6 173.9

130.0 128.9 125.4 133.3

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

242.8 318.2 309.2 233.1

126.7 138.5 137.1 123.1

136.5 151.2 164.8 196.0

119.1 119.1 143.4 155.9

.. .. .. ..

149.8 154.8 169.4 181.1

178.1 182.4 207.6 223.8

137.0 136.7 155.3 187.0

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

181.2 220.5 242.7 257.4

116.8 121.0 126.7 132.5

221.0 195.6 171.0 169.1

157.4 154.9 154.9 170.0

.. .. .. ..

173.8 157.2 156.7 162.3

221.2 228.2 227.0 226.9

179.4 167.4 166.4 168.3

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

272.2 279.9 273.5 289.2

146.9 146.9 145.3 146.9

181.7 190.7 199.1 202.2

171.9 171.9 171.9 171.9

.. .. .. ..

175.4 175.0 176.4 175.4

226.7 228.7 238.3 240.5

167.1 171.8 175.5 167.1

1Q2011 2Q2011

349.4 ..

162.0 ..

200.2 ..

171.5 ..

.. ..

189.3 ..

253.1 ..

178.6 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

296 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

TURKEY

approximately 1% of the end-user price. Amounts are included in the excise tax column.

TURKEY

From 1989 onwards, prices are determined by refineries, importing companies and distributing companies. Prices shown are for Ankara.

GENERAL NOTES Apart from oil products, all energy prices are determined by the Turkish government.

High sulphur fuel oil

From 1Q88 onwards, prices refer to the monthly averages of the quarter. Prior to 1Q88, prices refer to the second month of the quarter. See individual products for exceptions.

General tax (VAT): See Oil products.

General tax (VAT): A value-added tax was introduced in 1986. Unless specified otherwise, VAT applies to household (or non-commercial) and commercial use. See individual product descriptions.

Quality: Density: NCV:

Source: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Ankara.

Light fuel oil

No. 6 fuel oil 0.97 t/kl 9 600 kcal/kg

General tax (VAT): See Oil products. Excise tax: As shown in excise column.

OIL PRODUCTS

Specifications

General tax (VAT) From

To

%

01.01.86

31.12.87

10

01.01.88

30.11.88

12

01.12.88

14.10.90

10

15.10.90

30.11.90

11

01.12.90

31.12.91

12

01.01.92

28.02.92

13.5

29.02.92

31.10.93

13

01.11.93

31.01.00

15

01.02.00

31.01.01

17

01.02.01

now

18

Excise tax Fuel consumption tax (FCT): Amounts in the excise tax column include the FCT and special taxes. See individual products. Special tax Fuel price stabilisation fund (FPSF): This fund was established by Decree 98/10745 on 1 July 1998 and is financed through a compensatory FPSF tax. The rate fluctuates and is inversely proportional to developments in international oil prices (CIF Mediterranean price) and the exchange rate of the New Turkish lira against the USD. The FPSF does not apply to fuels used in generating electricity. In 1999 and early 2000, the FPSF was only applied to diesel, and the rate was INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Excise tax: As shown in excise column. Specifications

Quality: Density: NCV:

No. 1 light fuel, Gazyagi 0.80 t/kl 10 450 kcal/kg

Automotive diesel oil General tax (VAT): See oil products. Excise tax: As shown in excise column. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Motorin 0.85 t/kl 10 350 kcal/kg

Gasoline General tax (VAT): See Oil products. Excise tax: As shown in excise column. Specifications Premium leaded 95 RON Density: 0.76 t/kl (at 15 oC) Lead content: 0.84 g/litre Sulphur content: 0.15% NCV: 10 700 kcal/kg Premium unleaded 95 RON Density: 0.775 t/kl (at 15 oC) Lead content: 0.013 g/litre Sulphur content: 0.10% NCV: 10 700 kcal/kg

TURKEY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 297

Automotive LPG

ELECTRICITY

General tax (VAT): See Oil products. General tax (VAT)

Excise tax: As shown in excise column.

NATURAL GAS General tax (VAT) From 01.01.88 01.01.91 01.11.93 01.01.01 01.02.01

To 31.12.90 31.10.93 31.12.00 31.01.01 now

Specifications GCV: NCV:

% 5 6 8 17 18

9 155 kcal/m3 8 250 kcal/m3

%

01.01.85 01.12.86 01.01.88 15.10.90 01.12.90 01.11.93 01.02.00 01.02.01

30.11.86 31.12.87 14.10.90 30.11.90 31.10.93 31.01.00 31.01.01 now

10 12 10 11 12 15 17 18

From 1Q05 onwards, the electricity excise taxes include an energy fund of 1% and a Turkish Radio and Television Corporation fund of 2% for both industry and household sectors.

Excise tax: 1%. Prices shown for the industrial sector are single-rate tariffs. There is also a two-rate tariff for peak-period and non-peak-period consumption that is approximately 10% less expensive.

General tax (VAT) From

To

%

01.01.92 01.11.93 01.02.00 01.02.01

31.10.93 31.01.00 31.01.01 now

12 15 17 18

Coal prices are set annually by the TKI and TTK (government).

Steam coal Prices refer to lignite, which is the predominant type of coal produced and consumed. Prior to 1992, taxes are not included in the prices. Specifications Lignite 4 250 kcal/kg (industry) 4 250 kcal/kg (households) 2 000 kcal/kg (electricity)

Coking coal Prices refer to domestic hard coal with coke qualities. Specifications NCV:

To

Industry

COAL

Quality: NCV:

From

6 100 kcal/kg

Households Excise tax: 5%. Prior to 1Q94, prices shown for households were tariffs for the following monthly consumption rates: As of

Consumption rate

3Q84 1Q85 2Q85 1Q90 1Q94

≤ 60 kWh ≤ 90 kWh ≤ 150 kWh ≤ 120 kWh suppressed

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Prior to 1Q93, quarterly indices refer to the second month of each quarter. Sources: Prime Ministry State Institute of Statistics, Wholesale and Consumer Price Indices, monthly. Eurostat, Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP).

Oil products Wholesale: Published as chemicals, petroleum products. Retail: From 1Q06 onwards, HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722). Prior to INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

298 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

TURKEY

1Q06, weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (CP0453) and HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Natural gas

Electricity

Coal

Wholesale: Published as electricity.

Wholesale: Published as coal mining.

Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 299

UNITED KINGDOM Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Pounds Sterling

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. 120.20 111.99 156.58 173.10 208.86 c c c c c c c c

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. 35.57 39.78 49.90 62.67 78.99 c c c

.. .. .. c c c

.. .. .. 35.57 39.78 49.90 62.67 78.99 c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

c c c c c

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

.. .. .. 155.77 151.76 206.48 235.78 287.85 c c c

92.30 86.40 97.70 119.19 102.21 161.60 169.24 148.15 196.96 198.92 302.95

27.50 27.60 27.60 35.82 39.78 49.90 62.67 78.99 94.35 101.56 106.79

-

27.50 27.60 27.60 35.82 39.78 49.90 62.67 78.99 94.35 101.56 106.79

119.80 114.00 125.30 155.01 141.99 211.50 231.91 227.14 291.31 300.48 409.74

311.18 306.61 307.08 .. ..

106.77 106.77 108.69 .. ..

.. ..

106.77 106.77 108.69 .. ..

417.95 413.38 415.77 .. ..

c c c c c

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

141.96 143.72 136.91 152.41 171.88 225.19 271.53 262.89 416.71 316.92 403.38

31.05 31.30 31.30 39.48 44.55 53.23 65.44 81.90 97.23 104.58 109.90

-

31.05 31.30 31.30 39.48 44.55 53.23 65.44 81.90 97.23 104.58 109.90

173.01 175.02 168.21 191.89 216.43 278.42 336.98 344.79 513.94 421.51 513.62

173.83 150.75 120.42 137.46 166.11 238.53 283.72 299.30 459.47 314.41 405.75

31.05 31.30 31.30 39.48 43.03 53.22 65.44 81.90 97.20 104.59 109.90

10.24 9.10 7.59 8.85 10.46 14.54 17.46 19.06 27.83 20.95 25.78

41.29 40.40 38.89 48.33 53.49 67.76 82.90 100.96 125.03 125.54 135.68

215.12 191.15 159.31 185.79 219.60 306.29 366.61 400.26 584.50 439.96 541.43

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

404.06 387.50 442.75 .. ..

109.90 109.90 111.80 .. ..

.. ..

109.90 109.90 111.80 .. ..

513.96 497.40 554.55 .. ..

419.92 395.50 429.26 500.02 ..

109.90 109.90 111.80 113.14 ..

26.49 25.27 27.05 30.66 ..

136.39 135.17 138.85 143.79 ..

556.31 530.67 568.11 643.81 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise VAT Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.208 0.200 0.184 0.202 0.226 0.302 0.338 0.336 0.496 0.360 0.443

0.484 0.463 0.458 0.461 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.489 0.505 0.544 0.572

-

0.484 0.463 0.458 0.461 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.489 0.505 0.544 0.572

0.692 0.663 0.642 0.663 0.697 0.773 0.810 0.825 1.001 0.904 1.015

0.208 0.200 0.185 0.202 0.226 0.302 0.338 0.336 0.496 0.360 0.443

0.484 0.463 0.458 0.461 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.489 0.505 0.544 0.572

0.121 0.116 0.112 0.116 0.122 0.135 0.142 0.144 0.174 0.136 0.178

0.605 0.579 0.571 0.577 0.593 0.606 0.614 0.633 0.679 0.680 0.750

0.813 0.779 0.755 0.779 0.819 0.909 0.952 0.969 1.175 1.039 1.193

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.460 0.437 0.464 0.532 ..

0.572 0.572 0.582 0.590 ..

..

0.572 0.572 0.582 0.590 ..

1.032 1.009 1.046 1.121 ..

0.460 0.437 0.464 0.532 ..

0.572 0.572 0.582 0.590 ..

0.181 0.177 0.183 0.224 ..

0.753 0.748 0.765 0.814 ..

1.213 1.185 1.229 1.345 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

300 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED KINGDOM Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Pounds Sterling Premium unleaded (97 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total Ex-tax price tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.238 0.218 0.191 0.201 0.251 0.324 0.362 0.366 0.462 0.375 0.482

0.505 0.487 0.488 0.492 0.479 0.471 0.472 0.489 0.505 0.544 0.572

0.130 0.123 0.119 0.121 0.128 0.139 0.146 0.150 0.168 0.138 0.184

0.635 0.610 0.607 0.613 0.607 0.610 0.618 0.638 0.673 0.682 0.756

0.873 0.828 0.798 0.814 0.858 0.934 0.980 1.004 1.135 1.057 1.238

0.196 0.181 0.165 0.186 0.212 0.267 0.305 0.314 0.408 0.319 0.423

0.484 0.464 0.458 0.461 0.471 0.471 0.472 0.489 0.505 0.544 0.572

0.119 0.113 0.109 0.113 0.119 0.129 0.136 0.141 0.158 0.130 0.174

0.603 0.577 0.567 0.574 0.590 0.600 0.608 0.630 0.663 0.673 0.746

0.799 0.758 0.733 0.760 0.802 0.867 0.913 0.944 1.071 0.993 1.169

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.501 0.477 0.495 0.544 ..

0.572 0.572 0.582 0.590 ..

0.188 0.183 0.188 0.227 ..

0.760 0.755 0.770 0.816 ..

1.260 1.232 1.265 1.360 ..

0.446 0.415 0.432 0.488 ..

0.572 0.572 0.582 0.590 ..

0.178 0.173 0.177 0.215 ..

0.750 0.745 0.759 0.805 ..

1.196 1.160 1.192 1.293 ..

Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

0.249 0.198 0.168 0.189 0.240 .. x x x x x

0.474 0.480 0.488 0.492 0.479 .. x x x x x

0.126 0.119 0.115 0.119 0.126 .. x x x x x

0.600 0.599 0.603 0.611 0.605 .. x x x x x

0.849 0.797 0.770 0.800 0.845 .. x x x x x

69.17 92.74 90.58 94.07 104.61 158.56 202.65 161.73 238.07 201.84 191.32

4.69 7.06 6.70 6.01 5.79 5.75 4.68 5.48 5.73 5.07

-

4.69 7.06 6.70 6.01 5.79 5.75 4.68 5.48 5.73 5.07

69.17 97.43 97.64 100.77 110.61 164.35 208.40 166.41 243.55 207.57 196.39

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

170.91 189.00 212.67 .. ..

6.16 3.67 4.61 .. ..

.. ..

6.16 3.67 4.61 .. ..

177.06 192.67 217.28 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

68.73 77.11 70.83 79.32 88.50 118.04 149.33 143.75 191.16 163.18 169.93

-

-

-

68.73 77.11 70.83 79.32 88.50 118.04 149.33 143.75 191.16 163.18 169.93

184.33 189.36 201.36 205.06 220.03 252.44 332.93 358.68 429.50 488.44 459.56

-

9.22 9.47 10.07 10.25 10.99 12.62 16.65 17.93 21.48 24.53 22.96

9.22 9.47 10.07 10.25 10.99 12.62 16.65 17.93 21.48 24.53 22.96

193.55 198.83 211.43 215.31 231.01 265.06 349.59 376.61 450.98 512.98 482.53

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

154.15 163.23 197.67 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

154.15 163.23 197.67 .. ..

452.83 452.83 460.08 .. ..

.. ..

22.64 22.64 23.00 .. ..

22.64 22.64 23.00 .. ..

475.48 475.48 483.09 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 301

UNITED KINGDOM Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Pounds Sterling

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

35.13 34.84 34.56 34.01 37.88 44.57 43.63 46.49 59.64 59.53 70.68

4.80 4.33 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.68 4.32 4.27 4.26 5.06

-

4.80 4.33 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.68 4.32 4.27 4.26 5.06

35.13 39.64 38.89 38.58 42.45 49.14 48.31 50.81 63.91 63.80 75.74

29.35 32.24 29.66 28.11 32.61 36.07 38.06 41.16 65.57 54.42 62.30

-

-

-

29.35 32.24 29.66 28.11 32.61 36.07 38.06 41.16 65.57 54.42 62.30

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

69.07 70.31 75.95 .. ..

5.34 5.44 5.87 .. ..

.. ..

5.34 5.44 5.87 .. ..

74.41 75.75 81.82 .. ..

58.75 61.09 68.05 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

58.75 61.09 68.05 .. ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

131.21 137.79 145.44 148.65 157.99 173.16 186.50 201.22 242.36 287.23 286.28

-

6.56 6.89 7.27 7.43 7.90 8.66 9.32 10.06 12.12 14.36 14.31

6.56 6.89 7.27 7.43 7.90 8.66 9.32 10.06 12.12 14.36 14.31

137.77 144.68 152.71 156.08 165.89 181.82 195.82 211.28 254.48 301.59 300.60

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

285.53 278.65 289.16 294.58 ..

..

14.28 13.93 14.46 14.73 ..

14.28 13.93 14.46 14.73 ..

299.81 292.59 303.62 309.31 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.0366 0.0334 0.0322 0.0312 0.0340 0.0456 0.0612 0.0628 0.0773 0.0834 0.0758

0.0019 0.0024 0.0023 0.0024 0.0022 0.0023 0.0021 0.0024 0.0027 0.0027

-

0.0019 0.0024 0.0023 0.0024 0.0022 0.0023 0.0021 0.0024 0.0027 0.0027

0.0366 0.0353 0.0346 0.0335 0.0364 0.0477 0.0635 0.0649 0.0797 0.0861 0.0784

0.0671 0.0666 0.0669 0.0675 0.0716 0.0781 0.0964 0.1041 0.1203 0.1258 0.1227

-

0.0034 0.0033 0.0033 0.0034 0.0036 0.0039 0.0048 0.0052 0.0060 0.0063 0.0061

0.0034 0.0033 0.0033 0.0034 0.0036 0.0039 0.0048 0.0052 0.0060 0.0063 0.0061

0.0705 0.0699 0.0702 0.0709 0.0752 0.0820 0.1012 0.1093 0.1263 0.1321 0.1289

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.0736 0.0748 0.0758 .. ..

0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 .. ..

.. ..

0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 .. ..

0.0763 0.0774 0.0784 .. ..

0.1227 0.1227 0.1227 0.1227 ..

..

0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 ..

0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 0.0061 ..

0.1289 0.1289 0.1289 0.1288 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

302 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED KINGDOM Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 2005 = 100

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale 2005 = 100

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale 2005 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

.. .. .. .. .. 49.7 56.6 57.6 56.4 64.2 79.3 74.9 72.0 76.1 83.4 100.0 107.1 109.8 145.9 119.3 139.5

47.1 50.3 51.3 55.3 57.7 60.5 63.7 69.6 72.6 78.7 89.7 85.3 82.6 85.9 91.0 100.0 106.0 108.6 126.8 114.7 134.1

.. .. .. .. .. 95.3 92.1 86.8 86.0 86.5 80.2 73.4 70.7 68.5 74.7 100.0 134.3 137.9 169.8 183.0 166.3

80.2 88.3 92.9 92.6 95.6 96.9 96.5 91.9 87.7 86.6 84.8 84.1 84.5 85.3 90.4 100.0 121.7 131.5 151.9 158.8 154.9

.. .. .. .. .. 49.6 37.9 39.3 41.3 41.1 44.7 59.9 56.7 59.0 65.8 100.0 124.8 100.6 151.7 130.7 122.7

69.9 74.8 74.7 71.8 76.1 78.6 78.8 78.0 75.4 74.8 73.1 75.0 79.8 81.2 87.2 100.0 131.9 142.1 170.2 193.5 182.0

.. .. .. .. .. 82.7 84.1 78.3 70.4 65.9 67.9 79.2 70.5 68.6 87.9 100.0 101.6 108.0 193.4 174.1 188.9

59.9 63.7 66.1 66.5 70.7 71.9 72.7 73.3 74.0 75.4 76.7 80.4 84.5 86.3 90.8 100.0 107.5 115.2 137.2 161.2 161.3

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

74.8 74.2 75.9

85.7 85.0 85.7

65.9 66.2 71.7

85.0 85.6 86.1

54.1 50.7 69.2

80.7 81.8 82.3

65.1 66.4 77.5

85.4 85.4 87.9

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

76.1 80.1 85.4 92.1

86.6 90.9 91.9 94.9

73.5 69.2 70.3 84.0

87.4 89.8 90.7 93.7

67.3 55.9 60.4 80.1

84.0 86.3 86.9 91.4

77.9 86.1 90.8 96.9

88.6 88.0 90.0 96.6

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

89.0 97.4 106.5 107.1

92.3 97.9 105.2 104.6

87.1 92.2 97.8 123.9

97.5 98.8 99.5 104.3

94.3 80.1 83.3 143.2

96.7 97.7 98.8 106.8

94.4 96.0 106.8 105.2

98.5 98.1 98.6 104.8

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

105.6 110.0 111.6 101.4

103.6 109.6 110.2 100.4

133.5 128.1 129.1 146.4

108.5 119.8 125.8 132.7

162.6 110.2 103.7 125.1

112.0 128.3 136.8 150.6

105.9 102.2 98.3 100.4

105.4 105.8 105.6 113.2

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

99.5 105.9 110.2 123.6

100.6 108.3 109.7 115.9

148.3 133.2 130.6 139.2

135.5 132.9 128.9 128.5

112.7 81.2 86.4 122.7

154.5 144.7 135.5 133.7

99.7 103.2 109.2 121.1

114.0 113.5 113.4 119.9

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

133.5 158.8 161.5 129.8

122.0 133.1 136.8 115.2

143.9 156.0 169.0 212.7

138.1 145.7 155.1 168.9

134.6 145.1 149.5 177.5

145.8 154.8 177.1 203.0

146.2 171.9 230.1 220.4

124.3 127.7 136.8 160.0

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

110.9 115.5 121.6 129.2

105.0 114.0 119.6 123.7

199.0 178.5 177.5 177.1

168.2 156.8 155.6 155.1

175.9 123.3 102.4 121.4

199.9 192.0 191.2 190.8

208.6 166.2 147.1 151.7

162.9 160.6 158.4 163.0

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

132.8 141.7 137.9 145.7

129.0 137.2 133.2 136.8

173.0 161.6 164.2 166.3

155.0 154.7 154.7 155.0

123.3 109.0 120.8 137.5

187.1 179.4 179.4 182.2

162.9 200.9 197.2 198.7

163.5 160.4 157.3 163.9

1Q2011 2Q2011

161.9 ..

148.9 ..

159.4 ..

147.3 ..

189.6 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. ..

.. ..

167.1 ..

UNITED KINGDOM

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 303

UNITED KINGDOM GENERAL NOTES From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly prices refer to the average of the three mid-month prices. From 1Q85 to 4Q92, prices refer to the second month of each quarter. Prior to 1Q85, prices refer to the first month of the quarter. General tax (VAT): See individual products for details. VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry, electricity generation and automotive diesel (for commercial use) because it is refunded. Special tax Climate change levy: From April 2001 onwards, this levy is payable by industrial consumers of gas, electricity, coal, coke and LPG. Discounts and exemptions are available, depending on the source and use of the fuel. See individual products for details. Source: Unless specified otherwise, source is Department of Energy and Climate Change’s publication Quarterly Energy Prices. The tables are available online at the DECC website www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/ source/prices/prices.aspx. Please see individual product notes for references to specific tables or methodology.

OIL PRODUCTS High sulphur fuel oil Excise tax (hydrocarbon tax): As shown in excise tax column. From November 2002 onwards, high sulphur fuel oil prices are no longer available. For 4Q02, the retail price is a mixture of high and low sulphur prices. Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content: Delivery size: NCV:

Heavy fuel oil, class G 0.98 t/kl 2 - 3.0% < 24 000 t/year 9 870 kcal/kg

Source: Department of Energy and Climate Change, following specification of EC decision 26 January 1997. Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation Price shown is the annual average expenditure per tonne incurred by electric power stations for all grades and delivery sizes of heavy fuel oil. The price of fuel used to

initiate combustion of heavy fuel has not been incorporated in the series. Source: Quarterly survey carried out among electric power companies. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

Light fuel oil for industry Excise tax (hydrocarbon tax): As shown in excise tax column. Prices refer to the average quarterly expenditure per kilolitre by the manufacturing industry. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Heating gasoil, class D 0.847 t/kl 10 260 kcal/kg

Sources: Quarterly survey of manufacturing industry: from 2007 onwards, 600 sites including small and medium-sized purchasers; from 1989-2007, 1,200 sites including small and medium-sized purchasers; prior to 1989, 800 large purchasers. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

Light fuel oil for households General tax (VAT) From

To

%

prior to 01.04.94 01.09.97

01.04.94 31.08.97 now

exempt 8 5

Excise tax (hydrocarbon tax) From

To

01.01.78 30.11.93 29.11.94 28.11.95 26.11.96 02.07.97 17.03.98 09.03.99 21.03.00 09.04.03 03.12.04 06.12.05 07.12.06 01.10.07 01.12.08 01.04.09 01.09.09 01.04.10 01.10.10 01.01.11 23.03.11

29.11.93 28.11.94 27.11.95 25.11.96 01.07.97 16.03.98 08.03.99 20.03.00 08.04.03 02.12.04 05.12.05 06.12.06 30.09.07 30.11.08 31.03.09 31.08.09 31.03.10 30.09.10 31.12.10 22.03.11 now

GBP/ kl see tax column 16.40 21.40 23.30 25.00 25.80 28.20 30.30 31.30 42.20 52.20 64.40 76.90 96.90 100.70 104.20 108.00 109.90 111.80 113.30 111.40

Source: See general notes for the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

304 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED KINGDOM

Automotive diesel oil

From

To

General tax (VAT): Applies to households.

01.10.03 01.04.04

31.03.04 06.12.06

From

To

01.01.78 17.06.79 01.04.91 01.12.08 01.01.10 04.01.11

16.06.79 31.03.91 30.11.08 31.12.09 03.01.11 now

% 8 15 17.5 15 17.5 20

Excise tax (hydrocarbon tax): As shown in excise tax column. Prices refer to pump prices. Specifications Quality: Density:

Gasoil ultra low sulphur diesel, Class A 0.845 t/kl

Source: See general notes for the United Kingdom.

Gasoline To 16.06.79 31.03.91 30.11.08 31.12.09 03.01.11 now

From

To

17.03.87 14.03.89 20.03.90 19.03.91 10.03.92 22.03.93 30.11.93 29.11.94 01.01.95 28.11.95 26.11.96 02.07.97 17.03.98 09.03.99 21.03.00 07.03.01

13.03.89 19.03.90 18.03.91 09.03.92 21.03.93 29.11.93 28.11.94 31.12.94 27.11.95 25.11.96 01.07.97 16.03.98 08.03.99 20.03.00 06.03.01 14.06.01

Premium leaded/lead replacement To

17.03.87 15.03.88 14.03.89 20.03.90 19.03.91 10.03.92 22.03.93 30.11.93 29.11.94 01.01.95 28.11.95 26.11.96 02.07.97 17.03.98 09.03.99 01.10.99 21.03.00 07.03.01 15.06.01

14.03.88 13.03.89 19.03.90 18.03.91 09.03.92 21.03.93 29.11.93 28.11.94 31.12.94 27.11.95 25.11.96 01.07.97 16.03.98 08.03.99 30.09.99 20.03.00 06.03.01 14.06.01 30.09.03

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

GBP/ litre 0.1842 0.1772 0.1949 0.2241 0.2342 0.2576 0.2832 0.3044 0.3132 0.3430 0.3686 0.4028 0.4399 0.4721 0.4882 0.4682

Ultra Low-Sulphur Petrol % 8 15 17.5 15 17.5 20

Excise tax (hydrocarbon tax) From

0.5019 0.4710

Premium unleaded 95 RON

General tax (VAT) From 01.01.78 17.06.79 01.04.91 01.12.08 01.01.10 04.01.11

GBP/ litre

GBP/ litre 0.1938 0.2044 0.2044 0.2248 0.2585 0.2739 0.3058 0.3314 0.3526 0.3614 0.3912 0.4168 0.4510 0.4920 0.5288 0.4921 0.5089 0.4682 0.4882

From

To

07.03.01 01.10.03 07.12.06 01.10.07 01.12.08 01.04.09 01.09.09 01.04.10 01.10.10 01.01.11 23.03.11

30.09.03 06.12.06 30.09.07 30.11.08 31.03.09 31.08.09 31.03.10 30.09.10 31.12.10 22.03.11 now

GBP/ litre 0.4582 0.4710 0.4835 0.5035 0.5235 0.5419 0.5619 0.5719 0.5819 0.5895 0.5795

Super Unleaded 97 RON From

To

17.03.87 28.11.95 15.05.96 26.11.96 02.07.97 17.03.98 09.03.99 01.10.99 21.03.00 07.03.01 15.06.01 01.10.03 01.04.04 07.12.06 01.10.07

27.11.95 14.05.96 25.11.96 01.07.97 16.03.98 08.03.99 30.09.99 20.03.00 06.03.01 14.06.01 30.09.03 31.03.04 06.12.06 30.09.07 30.11.08

GBP/ litre see tax column 0.3430 0.3762 0.4018 0.4360 0.4876 0.5233 0.4921 0.5089 0.4682 0.4882 0.5019 0.4710 0.4835 0.5035

UNITED KINGDOM

From

To

01.12.08 01.04.09 01.09.09 01.04.10 01.10.10 01.01.11 23.03.11

31.03.09 31.08.09 31.03.10 30.09.10 31.12.10 22.03.11 now

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 305

GBP/ litre 0.5235 0.5419 0.5619 0.5719 0.5819 0.5895 0.5795

Prices refer to the average pump price. From 4Q99 onwards, prices for premium leaded refer to lead replacement petrol (LRP). From 2Q01 onwards, excise taxes for premium unleaded 95 RON gas refers to ultra low-sulphur petrol. Specifications Grade and octane:

Density:

Premium leaded 97 RON 4 Star (prior to 4Q99) Leaded replacement 97/98 RON (4Q99 onwards) Premium unleaded 95 RON (prior to 2Q01) Ultra low sulphur petrol 95 RON (2Q01 onwards) Super unleaded 97 RON 0.736 - 0.739 t/kl

Source: See general notes for the United Kingdom.

8 400 kcal/m

Special tax Climate change levy: To 31.03.07 31.03.08 31.03.09 31.03.11 now

Source: Quarterly survey among the major power plants. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

Households General tax (VAT) From

To

01.04.94 01.09.97

31.08.97 now

% 8 5

Base price levels are calculated as the average unit cost per 107 kcal of gas sold to the domestic sector by gas suppliers (including standing charges). These prices are collected from inquiries to the gas suppliers. Quarter-toquarter and annual movements are calculated using the retail prices index for gas.

COAL

Climate change levy: 3

Prices refer to average revenues per 107 kcal received by all public utilities from industry.

01.04.01 01.04.07 01.04.08 01.04.09 01.04.11

Prices refer to the average annual expenditure of electric power plants on gas purchased from public supply. Prices for 1990 to 1992 are confidential.

Special Tax

Industry

From

Electricity generation

Steam coal for industry

NATURAL GAS Specifications GCV:

including small and medium-sized purchasers; prior to 1989, 800 large purchasers. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

GBP/kWh 0.00150 0.00154 0.00159 0.00164 0.00169

The climate change levy came into force in April 2001. Discounts and exemptions are available depending on the source and use of the fuel. Source: Quarterly survey of manufacturing industry: from 2007 onwards, 600 sites including small and medium-sized purchasers; from 1989-2007, 1,200 sites

From

To

01.04.01 01.04.07 01.04.08 01.04.09 01.04.11

31.03.07 31.03.08 31.03.09 31.03.11 now

GBP/tonne 11.70 12.01 12.42 12.81 13.21

The climate change levy came into force in April 2001. Discounts and exemptions are available depending on the source and use of the fuel. Prices refer to the average quarterly expenditure per tonne for all grades of coal purchased by large fuel consumers in the manufacturing industry (except iron and steel). Specifications: Sulphur content: Ash content: Water content: GCV:

0.5 - 2.6% 3 - 19% (all industries) 18% (cement industry) 3 - 19% 5 280 - 7 930 kcal/kg

Source: See general notes for the United Kingdom. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

306 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED KINGDOM

Steam coal for electricity generation

Households

Prices refer to the average quarterly expenditure of electric power plants on all grades of steam coal.

General tax (VAT) From

To

Specifications

01.04.94 01.09.97

31.08.97 now

NCV:

5 653 kcal/kg

Source: Quarterly survey among the major power plants. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

Coal for households General tax (VAT) From

To

%

01.04.94

31.08.97

8

01.09.97

now

5

Price shown is a national base-weighted average price using average prices charged by merchants of each area for household coal deliveries. Source: Independent coal producers.

% 8 5

Base price levels are calculated as the average unit cost per kWh of electricity sold to the domestic sector by electricity suppliers (including standing charges). These data are collected from inquiries to the electricity suppliers. Quarter to quarter and annual movements are calculated using the retail prices index for electricity. Source: Quarterly survey. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. From 1Q93 onwards, quarterly indices refer to the 3-month average. Prior to 1Q93, indices refer to the second month of each quarter. Sources: Retail: Office for National Statistics, ONS Monthly Digest of Statistics. Wholesale: Fuel price indices for the industrial sector, Quarterly Energy Prices.

ELECTRICITY Industry

Oil products

Special tax

Wholesale: From 1Q98 onwards, indices refer to oil products. Prior to 1Q98, indices refer to the weighted average of medium fuel oil, gas oil, and derv fuel (diesel fuel).

Climate change levy: From

To

01.04.01

31.03.07

GBP/kWh 0.0043

01.04.07

31.03.08

0.00441

01.04.08

31.03.09

0.00456

01.04.09

31.03.11

0.00470

01.04.11

now

0.00485

The climate change levy came into force in April 2001. Discounts and exemptions are available depending on the source and use of the fuel. Prices refer to average revenues per kWh received by all public utilities from all industrial sectors (factories). Sources: Quarterly survey of manufacturing industry: from 2007 on of 600 sites including small and mediumsized purchasers; from 1989 -2007 of 1,200 sites including small and medium-sized purchasers; prior to 1989 of 800 large purchasers. See general notes for the United Kingdom.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: Weighted average of petrol and heating oil.

Electricity Wholesale: Index based on the average unit value (excluding VAT) of sales to industrial customers of electricity. Not a true wholesale price. Retail: Electricity.

Natural Gas Wholesale: Indices refer to the average unit value (excluding VAT) of sales to industrial customers of natural gas. Not a true wholesale price. Retail: Gas.

Coal Wholesale: Coal. Retail: Coal.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 307

UNITED STATES Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in US Dollars

Ex-tax price

Heavy fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-tax Excise Sales Total Total price tax tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

160.52 140.83 150.81 186.20 196.45 281.43 325.69 369.04 531.07 354.05 459.27

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.27 7.26 7.77 9.59 10.12 14.50 16.78 19.01 27.36 18.24 23.66

168.79 148.09 158.58 195.79 206.57 295.93 342.47 388.06 558.43 372.29 482.93

170.37 148.74 146.14 190.12 193.41 278.44 309.89 340.62 545.38 352.28 504.97

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.27 7.26 7.77 9.59 10.12 14.50 16.78 19.01 27.36 18.24 23.66

178.64 156.00 153.91 199.71 203.53 292.94 326.67 359.64 572.74 370.52 528.64

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

452.55 441.30 484.73 579.47 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

23.32 22.74 24.98 29.86 ..

475.87 464.04 509.70 609.33 ..

494.30 494.79 569.04 601.49 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

23.32 22.74 24.98 29.86 ..

517.62 517.53 594.02 631.35 ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. 174.14 220.89 282.86 406.72 460.84 520.72 690.02 415.86 539.35

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 8.97 11.38 14.57 20.96 23.74 26.83 35.55 21.43 27.79

227.64 198.62 183.11 232.27 297.43 427.67 484.58 547.56 725.57 437.29 567.14

.. .. 294.17 349.44 395.64 525.22 605.92 684.01 850.35 630.37 741.29

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 20.32 20.32 20.04 27.22 31.00 33.52 41.67 30.89 36.32

357.09 344.16 314.49 369.75 415.68 552.45 636.91 717.52 892.01 661.26 777.61

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

532.56 512.97 589.16 694.50 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

27.44 26.43 30.36 35.78 ..

560.00 539.40 619.52 730.28 ..

721.20 690.48 788.88 900.77 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

35.34 33.83 38.65 44.14 ..

756.53 724.31 827.53 944.90 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Excise Sales Total Total Ex-tax price tax tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise Sales Total Total price tax tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.273 0.248 0.228 0.276 0.354 0.506 0.584 0.628 0.862 0.515 0.652

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.121 0.123 0.120 0.122 0.123 0.128 0.130 0.132 0.141 0.136 0.139

0.395 0.371 0.348 0.398 0.477 0.633 0.714 0.761 1.003 0.651 0.791

0.273 0.248 0.228 0.276 0.354 0.506 0.584 0.628 0.862 0.515 0.652

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.121 0.123 0.120 0.122 0.123 0.128 0.130 0.132 0.141 0.136 0.139

0.395 0.371 0.348 0.398 0.477 0.633 0.714 0.761 1.003 0.651 0.791

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.658 0.638 0.694 0.818 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.141 0.139 0.137 0.139 ..

0.799 0.777 0.832 0.958 ..

0.658 0.638 0.694 0.818 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.141 0.139 0.137 0.139 ..

0.799 0.777 0.832 0.958 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

308 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED STATES Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in US Dollars Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise Sales Total Ex-tax price tax tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise Sales Total price tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.338 0.322 0.303 0.360 0.436 0.548 0.607 0.665 0.788 0.555 0.668

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.101 0.101 0.102 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.127 0.131 0.134 0.127 0.130

0.439 0.423 0.404 0.462 0.539 0.652 0.733 0.795 0.923 0.682 0.798

0.316 0.299 0.279 0.336 0.412 0.522 0.580 0.637 0.757 0.524 0.636

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.101 0.101 0.102 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.127 0.131 0.134 0.127 0.130

0.417 0.400 0.380 0.438 0.515 0.626 0.706 0.768 0.891 0.651 0.766

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.674 0.651 0.695 0.802 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.130 0.130 0.131 0.131 ..

0.804 0.781 0.826 0.933 ..

0.642 0.621 0.663 0.770 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.130 0.130 0.131 0.131 ..

0.773 0.751 0.794 0.900 ..

Ex-tax price

Regular unleaded (91 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.291 0.274 0.254 0.311 0.386 0.496 0.552 0.609 0.725 0.492 0.605

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.101 0.101 0.102 0.102 0.103 0.104 0.127 0.131 0.134 0.127 0.130

0.392 0.375 0.355 0.412 0.489 0.600 0.679 0.739 0.859 0.619 0.735

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

170.99 198.64 154.43 223.77 252.05 325.17 302.04 293.77 371.33 202.80 207.37

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.611 0.589 0.631 0.738 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.130 0.130 0.131 0.131 ..

0.741 0.719 0.762 0.869 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

191.17 194.74 187.80 219.72 ..

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

172.86 176.31 140.48 213.12 235.72 325.89 274.59 281.51 362.42 185.93 201.43

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

321.47 369.10 303.84 365.46 412.78 492.14 528.16 500.66 533.46 459.55 429.48

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

194.00 193.66 186.25 208.39 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

481.49 594.08 405.52 389.51 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 309

UNITED STATES Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in US Dollars

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

34.97 36.12 37.00 37.70 43.32 52.12 56.99 60.04 69.99 71.54 70.54

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

27.46 28.18 28.68 29.05 30.92 35.30 38.76 40.48 47.35 50.53 51.79

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

72.01 70.12 69.15 72.44 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

51.82 52.10 51.38 53.82 ..

Ex-tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

49.04 51.32 56.45 55.86 67.85 92.44 102.79 104.77 130.28 158.20 160.84

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

159.70 163.99 161.72 169.42 ..

Ex-tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise Sales Total tax tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.0460 0.0500 0.0480 0.0513 0.0527 0.0573 0.0616 0.0639 0.0683 0.0684 0.0679

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.0820 0.0850 0.0845 0.0870 0.0897 0.0945 0.1040 0.1065 0.1126 0.1155 0.1158

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.0675 0.0717 0.0667 0.0660 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.1190 0.1202 0.1150 0.1114 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

310 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED STATES Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 1982 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 1982-84 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 1982 = 100

Retail 1982-84 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale 1982 = 100

Retail 1982-84 = 100

Coal Wholesale 1982 = 100

Retail

74.8 67.2 64.7 62.0 59.1 60.8 70.1 68.0 51.3 60.9 91.3 85.3 79.5 97.7 119.9 165.1 193.2 214.2 271.7 175.5 225.2

100.9 98.8 98.3 97.0 97.5 98.9 105.4 105.3 91.3 99.4 128.7 124.1 115.8 135.2 159.7 195.7 220.8 239.0 281.0 203.1 240.3

119.6 128.1 129.6 130.6 129.2 130.8 131.6 130.8 130.0 128.9 131.5 141.1 139.9 145.8 147.2 156.1 172.8 180.4 189.1 190.6 193.1

117.4 121.8 124.2 126.7 126.7 129.6 131.8 132.5 127.4 126.5 128.5 137.8 136.2 139.5 142.1 150.8 169.2 175.8 187.1 192.7 193.1

80.4 79.1 80.6 84.7 78.8 66.6 91.2 101.7 83.9 91.2 155.5 171.8 122.5 214.5 245.9 335.0 280.3 273.8 344.0 160.0 185.8

97.3 98.5 100.3 106.5 108.5 102.9 107.2 114.6 112.4 113.0 132.0 158.3 135.3 166.3 180.1 215.4 220.8 217.7 247.8 193.7 189.7

97.5 97.2 95.0 96.1 96.7 95.0 94.5 96.3 93.6 90.7 87.9 96.2 99.8 99.9 109.2 115.8 126.6 130.7 161.7 182.5 189.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

92.0 97.6 93.6

133.4 137.7 131.2

145.9 151.6 144.3

140.3 147.7 137.1

216.8 205.7 188.6

168.7 167.9 168.2

101.1 99.5 100.6

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

105.1 117.8 123.4 133.5

143.1 165.1 161.8 168.7

143.1 146.6 153.4 145.6

136.4 141.9 150.6 139.5

227.2 243.6 240.0 272.8

173.7 174.4 180.6 191.5

106.8 110.1 109.5 110.5

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

135.9 154.5 183.3 186.1

165.9 188.9 219.3 208.5

148.3 153.2 162.5 160.7

141.4 148.9 159.4 153.7

254.3 279.0 343.1 465.0

191.7 196.8 211.0 262.3

114.8 116.7 116.0 119.8

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

177.0 214.4 207.9 173.2

201.4 244.1 242.7 195.3

167.7 173.9 181.0 168.7

162.7 169.0 178.8 166.2

334.9 264.7 263.0 258.8

245.0 215.6 210.9 211.5

125.8 127.5 126.6 126.5

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

176.1 221.0 222.5 237.2

203.7 255.3 243.0 253.9

173.2 179.7 187.7 181.0

169.0 175.3 184.3 174.7

278.4 298.3 244.0 241.1

219.3 222.0 213.1 216.4

130.3 130.8 130.8 131.1

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

257.8 317.8 327.8 183.3

267.6 322.7 331.0 202.7

181.7 188.9 196.4 189.7

175.2 184.8 199.5 189.1

329.5 423.5 384.2 238.7

226.6 258.2 270.8 235.6

141.3 164.5 170.3 170.7

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

137.3 169.3 193.2 202.3

165.5 199.8 222.0 225.1

189.4 190.2 195.3 187.3

190.4 193.3 198.6 188.5

184.0 138.2 140.9 176.9

217.5 186.7 182.7 187.9

184.4 183.9 180.5 181.1

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

217.0 225.8 219.9 238.2

234.7 243.0 235.2 248.5

187.1 192.9 200.2 192.3

187.1 194.5 201.3 189.5

226.6 174.2 182.5 160.1

198.4 187.4 188.8 184.2

187.3 189.5 190.7 190.7

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

273.5 ..

282.4 ..

193.2 ..

189.9 ..

173.4 ..

186.6 ..

200.8 ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

UNITED STATES

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 311

UNITED STATES GENERAL NOTES From January 1993 onwards, the most recent quarterly average is based on historical prices for two months of the quarterly period and an estimate of the third month. These monthly data are then averaged for the publication quarter. Prices from 4Q84 to 4Q92 refer to the second month of the quarter. Prior to 4Q84, prices refer to the first month of the quarter. See individual products for details. General tax (sales tax): In nearly all states the sales tax is levied on all sales of goods and services to noncommercial users. The rates vary between the states. In some states, additional local sales taxes are also levied. The IEA has estimated national weighted averages of these rates as far as they apply to energy products and has used them in the computation of total tax amounts shown in the main tables. Source: Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System (STIFS), documented in the Short-Term Integrated Forecasting System: 1993 Model Documentation Report, DOE-EIA MO-41 (93), May 1993. See the documentation and model at the EIA internet address: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/aamd.html.

OIL PRODUCTS General and special taxes: The general state sales taxes mentioned above are always levied on sales of nonmotor fuels to non-commercial users. Sales of motor fuels to non-commercial users are generally exempt from the general sales tax because in all states and in some municipalities’ special motor fuel taxes exist. However, in about eight states both taxes are cumulated. The estimates of national weighted average rates and amounts below take account of this situation as far as possible. In addition to the above, a special federal motor fuel tax exists.

Heavy fuel oil for industry Prices refer to the average of high sulphur fuel oil and low sulphur fuel oil. Specifications Quality:

Density:

Residual fuel oil no. 5 and 6 (defined in ASTM D396). Also includes navy special fuel and bunker oil. 0.944 t/kl (280 gallons/t)

Sulphur content: Delivery size: Marketing stage:

≥ 1% Weighted avg. of all sizes Avg. refiner price to end-users

Sources: DOE-EIA, monthly survey using Form EIA782A, Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report among 95 sample refining units. Data published: DOE - EIA, Petroleum Marketing Monthly, table “U.S. Refiner Residual Fuel Oil Prices” and Monthly Energy Review, table “Refiner Prices of Residual Fuel Oil” column “Sulfur Greater than 1 Percent, Sales to End-Users”.

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation Prices refer to the average expenditure per tonne on heavy fuel oils no. 4, 5 and 6 and topped crude by electric utilities with more than 50 MW capacity. Prior to 1983, prices refer to utilities with capacity of 25 MW. Source: From 2008 onwards, DOE-EIA, monthly survey using Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report. Prior to 2008, monthly survey using Form FERC-423, Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants. Data published: DOE-EIA, Electric Power Monthly, table “Receipts, Average Cost, and Quality of Fossil Fuels: Electric Utilities” and Monthly Energy Review, table “Cost of Fossil Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants”. Specifications Sulphur content: Density: NCV: GCV

Not specified 0.944 t/kl (279.7 gallons/t) 9 988 kcal/kg* 4.618 MBtu/t GCV*

* This is higher than for ordinary heavy fuel oil because electric power plants also use small amounts of higher grade oil products.

Light fuel oil for industry Prices cover the whole distillate end-use market; 25% of it is handled by refiners and 75% by resellers and retailers. Specifications Quality: NCV:

No. 2 fuel oil (defined in ASTM D396) 10 760 kcal/kg

Sources: DOE-EIA, monthly surveys using Form EIA782A, Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report among 95 sample refining units and using Form EIA-782B, Resellers’/Retailers’Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report. Data published: DOE-EIA Petroleum Marketing Monthly, table “U.S. No. 2 Distillate Prices by Sales Type”, column “Industrial Consumers”. Prior to 1983: Monthly Petroleum Product Price Report, Table 8, “Sales to end users, industrial”. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

312 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED STATES

Light fuel oil for households Prices refer to technical specifications of light fuel oil as described under LFO for industry. They are regularly surveyed in a nation-wide sample of households and include all fees, taxes and rebates. Sources: Monthly survey carried out by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (Department of Labor) in 85 urban areas representing 80% of the total population. Data published: CPI Detailed Report, monthly.

Automotive diesel oil Average federal and state taxes: These taxes include, but are not limited to, excise taxes, environmental taxes, special taxes, and inspection fees, exclusive of county and local taxes. Rates are also exclusive of any State taxes based on gross or net receipts. Original figures in cents/gallon (published in Petroleum Marketing Monthly, Table EN1), have been converted to USD/litre using a standard conversion factor of 0.00264172. Amounts shown below are shown in USD/litre. From

To

Prior to Jan 00 Apr 00 Oct 00 Apr 01 Aug 01 Apr 03 Oct 03 Apr 04 Oct 04 Apr 05 Oct 05 Jan 06 Jul 06 Apr 07 Jul 07 Jan 08 Jul 08 Jan 09 Jul 09 Jan 10 Jul 10

Jan 00 Mar 00 Sep 00 Mar 00 Jul 01 Mar 03 Sep 03 Mar 04 Sep 04 Mar 05 Sep 05 Dec 05 Jun 06 Mar 07 Jun 07 Dec 07 Jun 08 Dec 08 Jun 09 Dec 09 Jun 10 now

Federal average

State average

Total average

.. 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645 0.0645

.. 0.0528 0.0530 0.0534 0.0531 0.0532 0.0548 0.0554 0.0555 0.0557 0.0564 0.0571 0.0575 0.0578 0.0580 0.0582 0.0581 0.0585 0.0598 0.0601 0.0607 0.0606

see tables 0.117 0.117 0.118 0.118 0.118 0.119 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.121 0.122 0.122 0.122 0.122 0.123 0.123 0.123 0.124 0.125 0.125 0.125

Additional local taxes: These include, but are not limited to, state-specific sales taxes, gross earnings taxes, environmental protection taxes, gross receipts on highway fuels, and LOTS (local option taxes). Prices refer to the sum of an official ex-tax price and an estimate of the total tax amount as derived from the elements above. The ex-tax price corresponds to the average INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

charged by refinery owned retail outlets. These outlets represent about 20-30% of the total market. Specifications Quality: Density:

No. 2 distillate (diesel fuel) 0.82 t/kl (308 gallons/t)

Sources: From 2Q94 onwards, DOE-EIA, weekly survey using Form EIA-888, On-Highway Diesel Fuel Price Survey. Data Published: from 2Q94 onwards, DOE-EIA, Weekly Petroleum Status Report; table “U.S. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices”. Prior to 2Q94, monthly survey using Form EIA-782A, Refiners’/Gas Plant Operators’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report among 95 sample refining units and 782B, Resellers’/Retailers’ Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report among 2000 respondents. Data published: between 1983 and 1Q94: Petroleum Marketing Monthly. Prior to 1983: Monthly Energy Review.

Gasoline Average federal and state taxes: See notes for diesel. Amounts shown below are in USD/litre. From

To

Federal average

State average

Total average

Prior to

Jan 00

..

..

see tables

Jan 00

Mar 00

0.0486

0.0526

0.101

Apr 00

Sep 00

0.0486

0.0529

0.101

Oct 00

Mar 01

0.0486

0.0526

0.101

Apr 01

Mar 03

0.0486

0.0528

0.101

Apr 03

Sep 03

0.0486

0.0536

0.102

Oct 03

Sep 04

0.0486

0.0542

0.103

Oct 04

Mar 05

0.0486

0.0545

0.103

Apr 05

Sep 05

0.0486

0.0549

0.104

Oct 05

Dec 05

0.0486

0.0556

0.104

Jan 06

Jun 06

0.0486

0.0559

0.105

Jul 06

Mar 07

0.0486

0.0563

0.105

Apr 07

Jun 07

0.0486

0.0566

0.105

Jul 07

Dec 07

0.0486

0.0568

0.105

Jan 08

Jun 08

0.0486

0.0566

0.105

Jul 08

Dec 08

0.0486

0.0570

0.106

Jan 09

Jun.09

0.0486

0.0574

0.106

Jul 09

Dec 09

0.0486

0.0575

0.106

Jan 10

Jun 10

0.0486

0.0581

0.107

Jul 10

now

0.0486

0.0606

0.108

Additional local taxes: See notes for diesel. Prices refer to the city retail price, average of full-, miniand self-service stations. Prior to January 1993, the total tax column in the price table is the difference between two published prices: a national average pump price (tax inclusive) compiled by

UNITED STATES

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 313

the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics and a national average ex-tax price compiled by the Department of Energy (published in Petroleum Marketing Monthly, table “Refiner Motor Gasoline Prices by Grade and Sales Type” column “Unleaded Regular Sales to End Users Through Company Outlets”). The average local sales tax can be approximated as the difference between the total tax amount mentioned above and the sum of independent data and estimates for the other tax components. Specifications Grade and octane:

Premium unleaded 93 RdON Midgrade unleaded 89 RdON Regular unleaded 87 RdON

Sources: From 1994 onwards, Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy DOE-EIA; Form EIA-878, Motor Gasoline Price Survey among 1200 sample units. Data Published: DOE-EIA, Monthly Energy Review, table “Motor Gasoline Retail Prices, U.S. City Average”, and Weekly Petroleum Status Report, table “U.S. Retail Motor Gasoline and On-Highway Diesel Fuel Prices”. Prior to 1994, U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, Monthly Retail Price Survey for the purpose of computing the national consumer price index. Service Stations in 85 urban areas are surveyed. These areas cover about 80% of the total U.S. population. Data published: DOE-EIA, Monthly Energy Review and Weekly Petroleum Status Report.

State”, and “Average Price of Natural Gas Sold to Industrial Consumers, by State”.

Electricity generation Price shown is a monthly average expenditure per 107 kcal incurred by electric power companies for all natural gas purchases. The price shown includes small quantities of coke oven gas, refinery gas and blast furnace gas. Sources: From 2008 onwards, DOE-EIA, monthly survey using Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, addressed to electric power companies. Prior to 2008, DOE-EIA, Form EIA-423, Monthly Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report and FERC, Form 423: Monthly Report of Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Plants Report. Data published: DOE-EIA, Electric Power Monthly, table “Receipts, Average Cost, and Quality of Fossil Fuels: Total (All Sectors)” and Monthly Energy Review, table “Cost of Fossil Fuel Receipts at Electric Generating Plants”.

COAL Taxes on coal in the United States consist of severance taxes (a percentage of the value of production, which vary from state to state), and federal taxes (in the form of a corporate income tax, levied in the range from 15% to 35%). The national average of these taxes is not available.

Steam coal for industry NATURAL GAS Specifications GCV:

Price shown is quarterly average expenditure per tonne paid by industrial plants, including taxes. 9 139 kcal/m3 (1 027 Btu/cf.)

Taxes are included in the prices for households, industry and electricity generation. They mostly refer to general sales taxes levied by the States. The rates range between 2-6% and their national average is unknown.

Households and industry Prices to residential and industrial customers are calculated on gas that is both delivered and sold to these customers. Sources: DOE-EIA, monthly survey using Form EIA-857, Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Customers, addressed to a sample of approximately 400 natural gas companies. The sample includes interstate pipeline companies, intrastate pipeline companies, and local distribution companies. Data published: DOE-EIA, Natural Gas Monthly, table “Average Price of Natural Gas Sold to Residential Consumers, by

Specifications Quality:

Bituminous coal

Sources: DOE-EIA, quarterly survey using Form EIA-3, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report, Manufacturing and Transformation/Processing Coal Plants and Commercial and Institutional Coal Users. Data published: Quarterly Coal Report, tables “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Coke Plants by Census Division”, “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State” and “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Commercial and Institutional Users by Census Division and State”.

Steam coal for electricity generation Price shown is quarterly average of expenditure per tonne incurred by Electric Power companies for all kinds of coal purchased, including taxes if applicable. Sources: DOE-EIA, monthly survey using Form EIA-923, Power Plant Operations Report, addressed to INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

314 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

UNITED STATES

utilities. Data published: Electric Power Monthly, table “Receipts, Average Cost, and Quality of Fossil Fuels: Total (All Sectors)”.

utilities in Class A whose electric operating revenue were 100 million USD or more during the previous year. Prices for 1979 cover privately owned electric utilities in Classes A and B.

Coking coal

Sources: From 2006 onwards, survey using Form EIA826, Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions. From 1984 to 2005, Form EIA861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report. In 1983: EIA Form EIA-826, Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement. From March 1980 to 1982, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form FERC-5, Electric Utility Company Monthly Statement. From October 1977 to February 1980, FERC Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income. From 1973 to September 1977, Federal Power Commission (FPC) Form FPC-5, Monthly Statement of Electric Operating Revenues and Income. Data published: DOE-EIA, Monthly Energy Review, table “Average Retail Prices of Electricity”.

From 1980 onwards, prices refer to the quarterly average expenditure per tonne for coking coal incurred by coke plants. Prior to 1980, prices refer to the average export price (FOB) for Customs Commodity Schedule E No. 3222020. Specifications Volatility: Ash content: Water content: NCV: GCV:

16 - 34% 4 - 8% 2 - 6% 7 090 kcal/kg 26.8 MBtu/short ton

Sources: DOE-EIA, quarterly survey using Form EIA-5, Quarterly Coal Consumption and Quality Report - Coke Plants. Data published: Quarterly Coal Report, tables “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Coke Plants by Census Division”, “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Other Industrial Plants by Census Division and State” and “Average Price of Coal Receipts at Commercial and Institutional Users by Census Division and State”.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Quarterly data refer to the three-month average of the quarter. Annual figures are twelve-month averages. Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics.

ELECTRICITY From 1Q84 onwards, prices refer to the second month of each quarter. Prior to 4Q83, prices refer to the first month of each quarter. Taxes are included. They are mostly general sales taxes levied by the states; their rates are between 2-6%, but their national weighted average is unknown. Prices shown for industry and households are the monthly average revenue per kWh received by privately owned electric power companies from the industrial and residential sector. They are subject to significant seasonal upswings in the summer months as a result of heavy demand for air conditioning. From January 1986 onwards, national average price estimates are based on data as reported by a statistically derived sample of both publicly and privately owned utilities, which respond on the Form EIA-861, Annual Electric Power Industry Report. Prices from 1980 through 1985 cover selected privately owned electric

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Oil products Wholesale: Petroleum products, refined (commodity code 057). Retail: Average of gasoline, all types (U.S. city average) and fuel oil (U.S. city average) weighted by quantities.

Electricity Wholesale: Industrial code 0543).

electric

power

(commodity

Retail: Electricity (U.S. city average).

Natural gas Wholesale: Natural gas (commodity code 0531). Retail: Natural gas service (U.S. city average).

Coal Wholesale: Coal (commodity code 051).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 315

C. TAXATION OF ENERGY PRICES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

316 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 Percentage of taxes in high sulphur fuel oil prices for industry 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

10.9

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

9.8

9.3

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

11.0

9.5

7.2

8.1

6.3

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

France

10.0

10.0

10.6

7.6

6.5

6.2

4.9

6.0

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

8.9

9.4

7.2

6.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary Ireland Israel Italy

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

5.2

5.1

5.1

4.0

3.4

4.2

4.5

5.6

13.1

17.0

9.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

27.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

10.7

11.6

12.2

12.6

12.9

13.1

11.8

12.5

12.0

11.9

11.6

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

New Zealand

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

-

-

-

7.3

6.3

6.1

5.1

5.4

4.5

4.4

3.8

..

11.6

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

7.4

7.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. x

Spain Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

34.4

36.3

41.0

43.2

37.5

35.2

31.7

33.3

31.3

31.4

28.8

..

United Kingdom

20.5

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

..

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 317

Table 2 Percentage of taxes in low sulphur fuel oil prices for industry 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

19.3

18.3

28.0

21.1

20.3

19.5

14.7

19.3

14.9

14.9

12.9

11.6

Belgium

3.8

6.7

8.7

6.1

5.4

5.1

3.5

5.0

3.7

3.7

3.2

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

9.6

8.0

6.3

6.9

5.4

7.0

5.9

6.2

5.5

..

20.8

19.1

22.9

16.7

15.0

14.6

12.4

15.1

16.9

16.8

16.2

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

24.5

24.7

25.2

18.8

16.9

16.5

14.5

18.1

14.2

14.0

..

..

France

9.3

9.2

9.9

7.1

6.2

6.0

4.6

5.8

4.5

4.5

3.8

3.5

Germany

9.8

13.4

14.3

10.3

8.4

8.7

6.2

7.9

6.4

6.3

5.4

..

Greece

8.6

8.1

8.5

6.6

5.9

5.5

4.3

5.4

4.3

4.2

3.6

..

10.5

Denmark

Hungary

-

-

..

8.5

8.6

6.4

7.8

6.7

6.5

5.8

5.0

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

14.8

13.5

13.5

10.2

9.2

9.1

7.1

9.2

7.1

7.0

6.1

..

Italy Japan

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

Korea

10.6

11.6

12.1

12.7

12.7

13.0

11.7

12.2

11.8

11.7

11.4

..

3.5

6.8

7.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

14.3

13.6

14.5

11.2

9.8

9.7

8.1

11.6

8.7

8.6

7.4

6.8

..

..

..

..

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

32.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

-

6.2

5.2

5.1

3.9

4.2

3.6

3.5

3.3

..

5.1

5.2

6.2

4.9

4.0

4.0

3.2

3.8

3.1

3.0

2.5

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal Slovak Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

17.3

14.3

14.5

10.9

14.4

13.5

13.6

14.1

..

6.1

6.0

6.5

4.8

4.2

4.4

3.4

4.6

3.6

3.6

3.3

2.9

58.9

62.6

64.9

57.0

53.2

53.0

48.5

54.9

49.6

49.5

45.9

43.7

3.2

3.0

3.4

1.9

1.1

1.0

6.0

8.5

17.8

18.5

16.6

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

..

22.8

26.2

24.2

26.6

27.4

c

c

c

c

c

c

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain Sweden Switzerland

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

318 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 Percentage of taxes in heavy fuel oil for electricity generation 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

6.1

5.9

6.2

5.3

4.3

4.8

3.3

5.1

3.9

3.9

3.4

..

Belgium

10.9

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

11.0

9.5

7.2

8.1

6.3

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

France

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

10.7

14.2

15.4

10.8

8.9

9.2

6.4

8.3

6.6

6.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany Greece Hungary

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

8.5

8.1

8.2

6.5

5.4

6.0

3.8

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.6

0.9

0.8

0.6

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c ..

Ireland

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

10.7

11.6

12.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

-

-

-

7.4

6.0

5.7

4.7

4.9

4.2

4.2

..

..

Portugal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

6.1

6.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

34.4

36.3

41.0

43.2

37.5

35.2

31.7

33.3

31.3

31.4

28.8

..

United Kingdom

22.0

23.1

28.0

23.6

27.0

34.8

32.4

33.8

26.1

26.1

..

..

5.0

4.8

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.3

4.8

4.9

4.5

4.2

4.7

..

Spain

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 319

Table 4 Percentage of taxes in light fuel oil prices for industry 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

25.2

30.8

25.3

22.2

21.2

23.1

25.5

18.9

18.2

16.0

..

Belgium

5.6

5.2

5.9

4.3

3.9

3.8

2.9

4.5

3.5

3.3

2.9

..

Canada

10.2

10.2

10.2

10.2

9.8

9.3

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

6.2

4.9

4.8

5.1

4.2

6.0

4.9

4.7

4.1

..

8.5

8.2

7.5

5.9

5.5

5.4

4.6

6.3

7.8

7.1

6.7

..

..

..

..

10.5

9.4

9.2

9.1

13.3

18.0

17.2

14.5

14.4

Denmark Estonia Finland

22.5

22.0

19.4

14.8

13.4

13.6

12.7

17.8

13.7

12.8

18.7

..

France

17.6

19.2

16.5

12.5

11.2

11.2

8.7

13.0

10.0

9.4

8.2

..

Germany

20.3

20.1

18.2

13.6

12.2

12.4

9.6

13.9

11.3

10.8

9.3

..

Greece

30.1

32.2

28.3

21.4

19.9

21.3

18.2

27.2

24.6

3.7

3.1

..

Hungary

45.5

40.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

14.3

13.9

12.7

9.8

8.6

8.6

6.8

9.4

7.1

6.7

6.0

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

58.1

57.0

53.3

46.2

43.3

43.4

37.2

46.5

41.1

40.2

36.9

..

Japan

11.5

11.0

10.4

9.0

8.3

8.2

7.2

9.1

8.3

8.4

7.8

..

Korea

32.9

34.1

33.7

32.0

28.1

28.0

16.6

19.3

18.8

18.5

17.5

..

6.7

6.5

5.6

4.7

4.3

4.3

3.3

4.9

3.9

3.7

3.3

..

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Luxembourg

Norway

24.3

20.3

19.5

16.4

17.7

18.0

19.5

25.1

22.3

21.7

25.0

..

Poland

15.5

16.3

13.9

12.9

11.8

12.1

10.0

12.4

10.2

9.7

8.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Portugal Slovak Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

13.7

10.4

10.4

8.4

20.1

19.0

19.2

17.1

..

Spain

26.6

25.4

22.7

17.7

16.0

15.9

12.1

18.0

14.6

14.0

12.2

11.7

Sweden

20.6

19.8

17.7

13.3

12.2

12.4

10.3

14.7

12.5

12.0

18.1

..

2.7

2.5

2.1

1.2

1.0

0.6

3.4

6.0

13.6

13.2

12.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

18.6

20.6

20.6

19.1

19.4

23.8

18.9

24.8

21.4

20.2

..

..

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

..

Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

320 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 Percentage of taxes in light fuel oil prices for households 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

36.6

36.2

38.9

34.2

32.4

33.0

29.2

34.3

31.2

30.5

28.9

28.3

Belgium

22.0

21.6

22.2

20.9

20.6

20.5

19.8

21.1

20.3

20.1

19.7

..

Canada

10.6

10.7

10.7

11.3

10.5

9.2

8.1

7.9

9.0

9.9

9.2

..

Chile

15.5

15.3

16.0

15.9

15.9

15.2

10.5

15.4

15.8

16.0

..

..

Czech Republic

31.6

30.9

31.4

28.0

27.8

28.5

26.4

30.5

29.6

29.1

27.8

..

Denmark

57.4

56.8

54.9

49.4

47.8

47.6

44.6

51.0

47.9

46.2

45.2

..

..

..

..

24.1

23.2

23.1

22.9

27.1

31.6

31.0

28.8

28.6

Estonia Finland

36.5

36.1

33.9

30.2

29.0

29.1

28.4

32.6

29.6

29.1

33.9

..

France

29.8

30.9

28.9

26.1

25.1

25.1

23.2

26.2

24.3

23.9

22.9

22.8

Germany

31.3

31.2

29.5

25.5

24.3

26.4

24.0

27.7

25.5

25.0

23.8

..

Greece

40.7

42.6

39.2

33.8

32.7

33.9

31.2

38.9

38.1

21.7

21.2

..

Hungary Ireland Israel Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

22.1

22.3

21.3

19.4

18.6

18.6

17.3

19.1

20.1

21.9

20.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

43.0

56.5

55.9

55.7

..

..

65.0

64.1

61.1

55.2

52.8

52.8

47.7

55.4

51.0

50.1

47.4

..

Japan

9.2

9.0

8.7

8.0

7.3

7.3

6.7

7.8

7.4

7.4

7.1

..

Korea

32.8

34.1

33.9

32.1

28.1

28.1

16.6

19.3

18.8

18.5

17.4

..

Luxembourg

12.4

12.3

13.5

12.8

12.6

12.6

12.1

12.9

12.4

12.3

12.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

50.5

49.7

47.4

42.3

40.4

40.4

38.6

54.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

37.7

35.8

35.1

33.1

34.1

34.4

35.6

40.1

37.9

37.3

40.0

..

Poland

29.0

30.1

28.5

28.0

27.0

27.3

25.8

27.4

26.1

25.6

25.5

..

..

..

28.6

25.5

24.3

29.6

29.5

36.6

34.0

35.6

34.0

..

11.4

16.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

28.1

25.3

25.4

23.7

33.4

32.5

32.6

30.9

..

Spain

36.7

35.7

33.4

29.1

27.5

27.5

24.2

29.3

27.3

27.1

25.6

25.2

Sweden

60.6

62.4

62.3

56.2

54.2

54.0

50.6

56.4

53.3

52.6

50.7

..

9.3

9.1

8.9

8.1

8.0

7.6

10.1

12.1

18.7

18.5

17.7

..

Turkey

63.1

64.8

61.8

56.6

51.0

49.7

43.8

48.4

46.2

45.2

41.8

..

United Kingdom

24.4

26.0

24.4

22.1

22.6

25.2

21.4

28.5

25.1

24.4

22.3

..

6.5

5.5

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

..

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia

Switzerland

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 321

Table 6 Percentage of taxes in automotive diesel prices for commercial use 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

48.3

50.4

51.6

51.2

47.2

50.3

50.3

60.1

52.5

50.7

50.6

..

Belgium

50.8

47.0

45.0

40.7

37.1

35.7

30.7

41.3

38.9

37.8

35.8

..

Canada

34.5

32.4

30.0

25.8

27.2

26.2

21.5

27.7

26.9

26.6

24.4

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

45.8

45.4

47.9

42.5

40.9

41.2

37.3

45.2

42.8

42.0

39.9

..

Denmark

50.6

50.7

50.4

44.5

41.7

41.3

36.0

45.6

40.3

39.0

36.0

..

..

..

..

36.1

33.3

33.4

34.0

45.9

42.7

41.3

37.4

38.2

Estonia Finland

47.3

48.2

45.9

40.2

38.1

38.3

35.2

44.9

39.6

37.6

33.6

..

France

59.4

59.1

56.4

48.8

46.2

46.7

40.3

51.1

44.7

43.3

39.7

39.1

Germany

60.8

61.5

58.2

51.1

48.8

47.9

42.0

51.3

45.6

43.8

40.1

..

Greece

46.5

45.4

39.1

33.1

31.5

32.0

28.9

37.4

38.5

38.6

35.5

..

Hungary

51.3

50.6

48.5

43.0

38.9

40.1

34.2

41.2

39.1

37.8

34.6

33.8

Ireland

47.5

49.8

50.5

43.0

40.7

41.3

35.0

47.3

43.8

43.4

40.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

56.5

55.1

51.5

44.6

42.6

43.3

37.7

47.0

41.8

40.6

37.2

..

Japan

56.6

54.8

51.3

44.5

39.9

38.7

30.9

45.0

40.8

40.6

37.2

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

46.1

45.6

42.2

36.2

34.8

35.7

31.3

41.1

35.8

34.4

32.5

..

Mexico

47.8

33.0

15.7

1.3

-

-

-

2.8

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

51.8

51.5

48.6

43.2

40.7

40.9

38.2

50.1

43.6

42.1

38.6

..

New Zealand

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

..

Israel

Norway

49.6

49.2

48.4

43.7

42.7

43.0

39.7

47.5

44.0

42.4

46.1

..

Poland

46.3

43.2

42.5

39.4

38.0

38.6

33.1

38.3

36.7

35.6

33.5

..

Portugal

53.4

53.1

51.1

45.4

44.9

46.4

40.8

48.7

43.9

43.1

40.1

..

Slovak Republic

49.0

52.7

51.0

45.8

43.3

45.7

41.4

51.8

39.7

36.7

33.9

..

..

..

..

41.3

38.8

39.2

32.4

51.2

45.1

44.2

37.5

..

Spain

49.5

49.2

45.2

38.2

36.0

36.6

31.0

41.5

37.1

36.1

32.7

32.1

Sweden

46.5

49.0

48.7

44.0

41.1

42.2

38.9

47.0

43.4

42.8

39.5

..

Switzerland

69.2

66.9

62.0

54.2

50.9

50.7

44.0

57.0

53.1

52.5

50.3

..

Turkey

64.3

65.5

62.4

57.9

52.8

51.5

46.0

51.3

45.8

45.1

42.2

..

United Kingdom

71.3

69.5

67.6

60.9

58.3

59.3

50.4

60.2

56.3

55.6

52.6

..

United States

34.6

30.6

25.8

20.2

18.2

17.4

14.0

20.9

17.6

16.5

14.6

..

Slovenia

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

322 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 Percentage of taxes in automotive diesel prices for non-commercial use 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Australia

53.2

50.9

47.2

40.9

37.4

38.2

33.0

37.4

38.9

38.8

35.9

..

Austria

56.9

56.5

55.0

50.1

49.9

51.5

47.8

56.3

51.6

50.4

50.4

49.0

Belgium

59.4

56.2

54.8

51.0

48.0

46.9

42.7

51.5

49.5

48.6

46.9

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

29.8

27.7

27.1

25.6

24.8

24.3

20.7

26.5

25.5

25.8

..

..

Czech Republic

55.5

55.3

56.5

51.7

50.3

50.6

47.3

53.9

52.3

51.7

49.9

..

Denmark

60.5

60.5

60.3

55.6

53.4

53.1

48.8

56.4

52.2

51.2

48.8

..

..

..

..

45.8

43.5

43.6

44.1

54.5

52.2

51.1

47.8

48.5

Estonia

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Finland

56.8

57.5

55.7

51.0

49.3

49.4

46.9

54.8

50.7

49.3

46.0

..

France

66.0

65.8

63.5

57.2

55.1

55.4

50.1

59.1

53.8

52.6

49.6

49.1

Germany

66.2

66.8

63.9

57.9

55.9

56.2

51.3

59.1

54.3

52.7

49.7

..

Greece

54.7

53.7

48.4

43.7

42.4

42.9

40.3

47.4

49.4

50.1

47.6

..

Hungary

61.0

60.5

58.9

54.1

49.1

50.1

45.2

52.1

51.3

50.3

47.7

47.0

Ireland

56.6

58.5

59.1

52.9

51.0

51.4

46.3

56.5

53.5

53.2

50.9

..

Israel

19.0

27.5

33.0

29.5

34.3

37.9

39.4

49.8

51.7

50.8

..

..

Italy

63.8

62.6

59.6

53.8

52.2

52.8

48.1

55.8

51.5

50.5

47.6

..

Japan

44.2

43.4

41.8

37.3

33.6

32.2

27.0

36.3

33.7

33.6

31.6

..

Korea

48.7

49.8

49.4

48.0

47.7

49.1

38.8

46.7

43.6

43.0

40.0

..

Luxembourg

53.2

52.7

49.7

44.5

43.4

44.1

40.3

48.8

44.1

43.0

41.3

..

Mexico

54.5

41.5

26.4

13.8

13.0

13.0

13.0

15.1

13.8

13.8

13.8

..

Netherlands

59.5

59.2

57.3

52.3

50.1

50.1

48.1

58.1

52.6

51.3

48.4

..

New Zealand

11.7

11.7

11.6

11.5

11.4

11.5

11.4

11.5

11.9

13.3

13.3

..

Norway

59.1

59.1

58.4

55.0

54.2

54.4

51.8

58.0

55.2

54.0

56.9

..

Poland

56.0

53.4

52.8

50.3

49.2

49.7

45.2

49.4

48.1

47.2

45.9

..

Portugal

56.9

56.8

55.0

50.0

49.7

51.0

45.8

53.0

48.6

48.0

45.7

..

Slovak Republic

58.5

60.6

58.8

54.5

52.4

54.3

50.8

59.5

49.3

46.8

44.9

..

..

..

..

51.1

49.0

49.3

43.6

59.4

54.3

53.5

48.0

..

Spain

56.5

56.2

52.7

46.7

44.9

45.3

40.5

49.6

46.3

45.9

43.0

42.5

Sweden

57.2

59.2

59.0

55.2

52.9

53.8

51.1

57.6

54.8

54.3

51.6

..

Switzerland

64.3

63.4

60.0

53.7

50.9

50.7

45.3

55.5

52.0

51.5

49.5

..

Turkey

64.3

65.5

62.4

57.9

52.8

51.5

46.0

51.3

45.8

45.1

42.2

..

United Kingdom

75.6

74.1

72.4

66.7

64.5

65.3

57.8

65.4

62.8

62.2

60.5

..

United States

34.6

30.6

25.8

20.2

18.2

17.4

14.0

20.9

17.6

16.5

14.6

..

Slovenia

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 323

Table 8 Percentage of taxes in premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline prices 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

54.7

52.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Belgium

67.2

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Australia Austria

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

74.0

74.7

72.2

66.8

63.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

58.3

58.0

54.0

51.1

48.7

48.2

45.7

53.0

59.2

60.7

58.5

..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

50.5

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Greece

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

67.3

67.1

66.0

62.5

60.4

58.8

56.9

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Norway

75.3

65.8

63.6

61.9

60.8

60.6

59.3

62.6

60.2

59.8

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

..

..

63.8

60.6

58.7

59.3

56.7

61.1

56.4

56.4

54.9

..

Netherlands New Zealand

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

62.8

62.0

59.3

54.9

52.2

..

x

x

x

x

x

x x

Spain Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

66.2

66.0

67.1

69.9

65.0

63.1

60.0

63.3

55.3

53.5

52.6

..

United Kingdom

78.3

76.4

71.6

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

324 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 9 Percentage of taxes in regular unleaded gasoline prices 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

53.6

51.7

48.2

43.1

39.8

40.4

36.2

38.7

39.4

39.2

36.6

..

Austria

64.9

64.8

62.3

58.5

56.4

57.3

56.9

63.1

57.5

56.8

56.7

54.4

Belgium

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

42.4

40.7

37.5

33.8

33.7

32.0

28.4

33.2

33.2

33.9

30.1

..

Chile

51.6

48.2

46.5

44.7

43.2

42.6

33.0

36.7

42.8

46.2

..

..

Czech Republic

62.7

62.3

61.3

58.1

56.6

56.6

55.7

60.0

57.4

57.2

55.3

..

Denmark

70.1

69.8

68.8

64.9

62.3

61.6

60.1

64.2

59.7

58.3

56.5

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

74.5

74.9

72.6

68.2

65.4

65.3

62.7

66.5

62.2

61.4

59.6

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Germany Greece Hungary

64.7

65.9

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Japan

56.4

55.4

52.7

48.0

45.4

44.7

39.0

51.2

46.8

46.9

44.3

..

Korea

67.7

66.5

63.6

61.2

59.1

57.9

49.4

56.2

52.7

52.2

48.9

..

Luxembourg

59.1

58.6

59.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

56.5

45.0

29.9

20.4

14.8

13.0

13.0

16.3

13.8

13.8

13.8

..

Netherlands New Zealand

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

49.2

49.8

47.2

46.0

42.2

43.2

39.6

44.5

43.8

45.0

42.2

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United Kingdom

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

28.6

24.7

21.1

17.3

18.6

17.7

15.6

20.5

17.7

17.1

15.0

..

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 325

Table 10 Percentage of taxes in premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline prices 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Austria

59.8

59.9

57.9

54.1

52.3

53.0

53.2

57.3

53.2

52.9

52.6

50.9

Belgium

65.5

65.1

64.9

62.6

60.4

60.2

58.0

62.8

58.8

58.2

56.1

..

Canada

39.6

38.0

35.3

32.1

32.1

30.5

27.1

31.0

31.2

32.1

30.1

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

57.1

56.2

55.4

53.1

52.5

53.1

52.4

56.5

54.7

54.5

52.9

..

Denmark

68.6

68.2

67.3

63.3

60.8

60.2

58.7

62.4

58.5

57.8

56.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia Finland

68.9

70.6

68.3

65.5

62.7

62.2

60.9

65.4

61.1

60.9

58.5

..

France

72.4

73.2

70.8

65.4

62.6

62.4

59.9

65.1

60.2

59.5

56.8

..

Germany

71.1

71.6

69.5

65.3

62.3

62.7

60.5

64.0

60.2

59.6

57.8

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

62.4

62.8

61.2

58.7

53.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece Hungary Ireland Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

56.1

56.5

58.2

54.9

53.1

53.5

51.7

56.8

51.8

51.2

49.2

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

68.2

68.6

67.3

64.1

61.9

61.1

60.0

66.7

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Norway

68.3

67.3

65.0

63.3

61.9

61.6

60.2

63.6

61.2

60.7

62.5

..

Poland

60.9

59.6

57.8

53.8

51.6

55.4

54.4

55.8

52.5

52.0

51.3

..

Portugal

66.3

65.2

63.5

60.2

58.5

58.7

56.3

60.9

57.6

57.4

55.7

..

Slovak Republic

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

54.9

57.6

57.0

54.9

52.8

54.1

..

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

49.8

60.8

56.7

56.4

52.7

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

67.7

68.2

66.5

63.7

62.0

62.5

60.6

64.0

61.2

61.3

59.3

..

Switzerland

61.8

61.3

58.2

53.9

50.7

49.6

47.4

55.1

51.0

50.9

49.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

76.1

75.3

70.7

65.3

63.1

63.5

59.3

64.5

61.1

60.9

60.0

..

United States

25.1

22.1

19.1

15.9

17.3

16.4

14.6

18.6

16.3

15.8

14.0

..

Turkey

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

326 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 11 Percentage of taxes in premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline prices 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

37.8

38.6

34.6

36.7

37.0

37.0

34.7

..

Austria

64.1

63.8

61.5

57.7

55.7

56.7

56.8

63.1

57.5

56.8

56.7

54.4

Belgium

69.2

67.2

66.0

63.3

61.1

60.7

58.6

63.5

59.5

58.9

56.7

..

Canada

41.4

38.9

35.4

32.1

33.0

31.2

27.6

31.7

31.6

32.6

30.3

28.1

Chile

51.3

47.8

46.1

44.4

42.9

41.8

32.9

39.3

43.3

45.6

..

..

Czech Republic

62.1

61.7

60.8

57.5

56.0

56.1

55.0

59.4

57.0

56.7

54.9

..

Denmark

69.7

69.5

68.5

64.6

62.1

61.4

59.8

63.9

59.5

58.2

56.4

..

..

..

..

51.4

48.5

48.0

49.7

57.0

54.7

54.2

51.4

51.0

Estonia Finland

70.0

71.7

69.6

66.5

63.7

63.3

62.1

66.9

62.2

62.0

59.8

..

France

73.7

74.3

71.9

67.1

64.0

63.7

61.1

66.6

61.5

60.8

57.8

56.4

Germany

73.4

73.7

71.5

67.4

64.6

64.8

62.6

66.6

62.2

61.4

59.4

..

Greece

55.5

55.3

51.7

49.4

47.4

48.6

47.5

55.5

61.5

63.1

60.0

..

Hungary

64.1

64.5

63.2

60.0

55.0

55.2

53.0

56.7

56.5

55.8

53.5

52.1

Ireland

64.2

63.8

63.8

59.6

57.0

57.1

54.8

63.6

59.0

58.6

56.1

..

Israel

64.0

63.6

58.6

54.8

52.1

51.3

50.5

58.4

56.5

56.5

..

..

Italy

68.4

67.8

66.3

62.9

60.5

60.1

57.5

62.5

58.0

57.6

54.7

..

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

52.9

50.1

49.6

47.1

..

Luxembourg

58.8

58.5

59.6

56.3

53.9

54.2

52.3

57.7

52.8

52.1

49.9

..

Mexico

55.9

46.0

33.2

23.8

16.4

13.0

13.0

17.2

13.8

13.8

13.8

..

..

..

Netherlands

70.9

71.0

69.2

66.0

63.8

63.1

61.3

68.8

64.1

63.4

61.0

..

New Zealand

47.4

47.9

45.5

44.5

40.9

42.1

38.6

43.0

42.3

43.6

40.9

..

Norway

70.0

68.9

66.6

64.5

62.7

62.5

60.9

64.6

62.6

62.0

64.1

..

Poland

63.9

62.7

59.9

57.4

53.1

57.2

56.4

58.1

54.5

54.1

52.7

..

Portugal

68.9

68.1

66.5

62.8

60.9

61.4

59.0

63.9

59.5

59.3

57.3

..

Slovak Republic

57.9

61.0

60.0

57.5

55.2

56.7

56.0

62.0

57.1

56.5

53.3

..

..

..

..

56.8

54.0

54.5

50.4

61.6

57.5

57.3

53.0

..

Spain

62.4

62.3

59.4

55.3

52.6

52.1

49.5

55.9

52.2

52.2

49.5

48.3

Sweden

69.6

70.1

68.1

65.3

63.4

63.4

62.0

65.3

62.2

62.2

58.6

..

Switzerland

64.3

63.3

59.6

55.2

51.8

50.7

48.6

56.8

52.4

52.4

50.3

..

Turkey

70.1

71.2

68.4

69.0

64.3

62.6

59.7

63.0

55.3

53.5

52.6

..

United Kingdom

77.4

75.5

73.6

69.2

66.6

66.7

61.9

67.8

63.8

63.7

62.3

..

United States

26.7

23.3

20.0

16.6

17.9

17.0

15.1

19.5

17.0

16.5

14.5

..

Slovenia

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 327

Table 12 Percentage of taxes in automotive LPG prices for commercial use 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

17.3

16.3

19.0

18.2

17.1

17.9

16.2

20.2

17.7

17.0

14.9

..

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

14.7

12.2

12.2

12.6

15.3

13.3

13.3

11.2

10.9

Czech Republic

Finland France

.. 14.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

13.3

12.7

11.2

10.1

10.1

9.4

10.6

9.8

9.3

8.6

8.3

Germany

..

..

..

20.0

18.9

18.8

17.1

18.7

17.5

16.9

14.9

14.7

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

36.2

34.8

34.9

33.0

27.6

23.9

21.9

26.7

22.8

21.9

19.2

..

Japan

21.1

20.7

20.8

20.1

18.4

17.8

15.5

18.3

17.2

17.4

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

16.6

15.4

14.7

13.2

12.2

11.6

10.8

13.0

10.4

9.6

9.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

18.0

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

15.0

14.1

12.8

11.5

11.1

11.0

14.6

16.0

14.9

14.3

..

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

21.4

27.0

29.3

26.9

27.5

25.4

30.2

25.2

23.6

21.8

..

Portugal

13.2

12.9

12.1

11.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

18.4

27.1

31.4

28.7

22.6

30.1

16.2

-

-

-

20.3

..

..

..

..

18.4

16.6

16.0

13.5

15.7

13.1

12.4

12.0

..

9.4

8.8

8.2

6.8

6.0

6.4

6.5

7.8

6.2

6.1

5.5

5.4

Slovenia Spain Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

50.8

Turkey

..

..

48.1

46.6

48.5

42.7

41.5

40.1

..

United Kingdom

54.7 ..

56.9 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

328 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 13 Percentage of taxes in automotive LPG prices for non-commercial use 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

9.1

9.1

9.1

9.1

9.1

9.0

9.0

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

17.4

17.3

17.4

17.1

17.4

17.3

17.4

17.4

17.4

17.4

17.4

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

15.7

14.9

15.6

15.9

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

..

..

Czech Republic

32.2

31.4

32.4

31.3

30.3

31.0

29.6

33.0

31.4

30.8

29.1

..

..

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

27.7

25.6

25.6

26.0

28.8

27.8

27.7

25.9

25.7

Finland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

France

28.5

27.5

27.1

25.7

24.8

24.8

24.2

25.3

24.5

24.2

23.6

23.3

Germany

..

..

..

31.0

30.1

31.8

30.3

31.6

30.7

30.1

28.5

28.4

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

37.3

32.1

32.1

31.1

34.9

34.1

Hungary

10.7

10.7

..

33.0

32.1

31.8

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

46.8

45.7

45.7

44.2

39.7

36.6

34.9

38.9

35.6

34.9

32.6

..

Japan

20.2

19.8

19.8

19.2

17.7

17.1

15.0

17.5

16.5

16.7

..

..

Korea

..

41.5

46.1

45.4

41.4

38.3

29.8

35.7

32.3

32.4

29.8

..

21.2

20.2

19.5

18.1

17.2

16.6

15.9

17.9

15.5

14.7

14.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

31.2

28.7

27.8

26.8

25.6

24.5

25.2

28.2

29.4

28.5

28.0

..

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

35.6

40.2

42.0

40.1

40.5

38.8

42.8

38.6

37.4

36.4

..

Portugal

26.5

26.8

26.1

26.4

26.3

26.5

25.2

26.3

25.3

25.4

26.9

..

Slovak Republic

28.4

36.0

42.4

40.1

34.9

36.0

27.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

30.4

..

..

..

..

32.0

30.6

30.0

27.9

29.8

27.6

27.0

26.7

..

21.9

21.3

20.9

19.7

19.0

19.3

19.4

20.5

19.8

20.4

19.9

19.9 ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

42.0

40.8

41.4

36.6

35.6

34.9

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 329

Table 14 Percentage of taxes in natural gas prices for industry 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

..

3.7

10.1

2.8

3.6

..

..

Canada

..

..

6.5

6.5

5.7

5.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.7

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

55.0

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

2.5

5.2

6.7

6.2

..

..

Finland

14.1

14.2

14.6

13.0

10.1

10.2

8.6

9.2

8.3

8.0

27.2

..

France

5.8

5.2

5.3

4.2

3.4

3.7

3.2

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.4

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

-

-

-

-

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Hungary

-

-

4.0

3.4

2.5

2.2

2.4

2.6

..

..

..

..

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

c

-

-

-

-

-

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

12.3

13.0

12.5

..

..

Japan

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

10.4

10.9

13.9

14.0

13.2

12.1

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

7.8

1.9

1.8

..

..

..

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

6.3

5.8

..

..

..

4.0

4.8

8.3

9.8

9.6

..

..

New Zealand

9.7

8.0

7.4

6.3

5.4

5.4

6.0

5.5

6.3

6.9

..

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Portugal

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Slovak Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

0.9

2.1

3.8

3.7

3.8

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

7.4

8.0

10.0

11.5

11.5

..

Spain

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

.. ..

Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

..

..

..

..

..

16.9

14.6

16.8

16.7

16.5

..

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.8

3.9

4.0

11.7

11.2

10.9

..

16.5

17.4

19.5

20.9

19.8

19.3

18.6

18.7

19.4

19.4

19.2

..

7.2

6.6

5.4

3.5

2.8

2.8

2.3

2.8

2.6

2.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

330 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 15 Percentage of taxes in natural gas prices for electricity generation 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

France

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Hungary

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

Ireland

-

-

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.9

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

9.9

11.6

13.1

14.6

9.4

12.0

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Portugal

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Slovak Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

16.5

17.4

19.5

20.9

19.8

19.3

18.6

18.7

19.5

19.5

19.3

..

United Kingdom

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 331

Table 16 Percentage of taxes in natural gas prices for households 2002 Australia Austria

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

27.2

25.4

29.2

28.5

27.7

26.8

26.6

25.9

26.4

26.4

26.4

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

19.5

19.8

20.6

21.1

..

..

Canada

..

..

6.5

6.5

5.7

5.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

Chile

15.3

15.5

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

..

..

Czech Republic

18.0

18.0

16.5

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.7

16.7

16.7

..

Denmark

59.5

58.0

55.5

49.9

..

..

..

51.1

50.6

50.2

49.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

18.9

19.0

22.5

22.1

..

..

Estonia Finland

26.9

27.0

27.2

26.3

25.1

25.2

24.2

24.5

24.2

24.3

38.3

..

France

14.8

14.8

14.7

14.8

15.0

15.1

15.0

14.8

16.2

16.7

16.7

..

Germany Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

7.4

7.8

7.3

8.0

..

8.3

8.3

8.3

9.4

9.9

11.5

..

Hungary

10.7

10.7

13.0

13.0

14.3

16.7

16.7

18.4

..

..

..

..

Ireland

11.1

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

17.4

17.4

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

33.6

37.6

36.0

..

..

Japan

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

16.9

17.2

19.8

19.9

19.5

19.1

..

..

..

..

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

..

7.8

8.1

8.1

..

..

..

..

..

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.8

13.8

13.8

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

37.2

36.4

36.5

34.7

32.9

32.4

37.8

38.4

41.6

40.8

41.2

..

New Zealand

14.6

14.1

13.2

12.9

12.9

12.6

12.4

12.5

13.1

14.4

..

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.7

..

Portugal

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.7

..

..

Slovak Republic

9.1

12.3

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

21.2

21.2

22.9

23.3

23.3

..

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

14.5

15.3

15.3

.. ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

..

..

..

..

..

43.7

42.8

43.0

42.4

42.3

..

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.6

9.7

9.8

14.7

14.4

14.8

..

16.0

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

..

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

332 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 17 Percentage of taxes in steam coal prices for industry 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

-

-

36.8

35.3

35.2

34.3

29.8

29.0

28.4

28.3

25.5

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Czech Republic

-

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

47.7

51.1

45.3

43.5

43.0

42.2

34.1

42.0

39.7

38.1

58.5

..

France

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Japan

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

10.5

11.7

9.8

10.9

11.7

12.2

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Portugal

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Turkey

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

15.3

..

United Kingdom

11.1

11.8

10.8

9.3

9.7

8.5

6.7

6.7

6.7

7.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 333

Table 18 Percentage of taxes in electricity prices for industry 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

25.9

24.3

23.0

18.4

17.2

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

10.7

8.4

11.1

11.0

..

..

Canada

10.4

10.4

10.7

10.6

10.8

10.0

8.8

9.4

8.9

..

..

..

Chile

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Czech Republic

-

-

-

-

-

-

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

..

13.8

11.8

8.7

13.8

13.4

14.0

11.5

13.0

8.9

8.3

7.8

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

9.1

10.2

16.8

16.2

..

..

Finland

9.5

7.8

8.6

8.0

..

3.9

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.7

9.0

..

France

-

8.3

11.2

11.2

11.1

10.5

10.3

10.3

10.5

10.4

13.0

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

-

-

-

-

..

..

-

4.9

13.6

16.3

..

..

Denmark

Hungary

-

-

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.9

0.8

..

..

..

..

Ireland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Israel

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

25.0

23.1

23.1

21.4

22.2

23.7

20.8

21.4

22.8

23.1

23.7

..

Japan

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.5

..

-

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

9.8

9.6

12.9

..

..

..

Mexico

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

Netherlands

c

c

c

c

c

10.7

10.5

13.6

14.7

14.7

..

..

New Zealand

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

19.4

19.4

19.4

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.1

20.0

20.0

20.0

20.0

..

Poland

7.5

9.1

9.1

8.8

8.8

8.8

7.0

5.4

5.5

5.5

5.5

..

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

Italy

Portugal Slovak Republic

0.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

3.4

4.7

9.4

10.5

10.4

..

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

..

..

Switzerland

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4.4

4.2

3.8

3.8

..

16.1

16.1

16.1

18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

18.5

..

6.9

6.9

6.6

4.6

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia Spain

Turkey United Kingdom United States

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

334 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 19 Percentage of taxes in electricity prices for households 2002 Australia Austria

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

9.1

9.1

9.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

31.2

31.5

31.0

31.7

32.4

32.1

28.2

28.0

27.5

27.6

27.6

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

24.8

26.4

27.2

27.1

..

..

Canada

9.9

10.0

10.0

9.9

9.9

9.0

8.1

8.5

7.9

..

..

..

Chile

15.3

15.5

15.9

15.9

16.1

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

16.0

..

..

Czech Republic

18.1

18.1

16.5

15.8

15.9

15.9

16.8

16.7

17.5

17.5

17.5

..

Denmark

60.2

61.1

59.3

57.7

54.8

55.7

53.4

55.0

56.0

55.8

56.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

21.7

23.9

29.3

29.4

..

..

Estonia Finland

25.8

25.6

25.3

25.7

25.3

25.0

25.5

25.1

25.0

25.1

30.0

..

France

21.1

23.7

25.0

25.0

24.9

24.8

24.9

25.0

25.8

24.9

28.4

..

Germany

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

13.8

16.0

38.7

39.2

42.3

43.2

..

..

7.4

7.4

7.0

8.1

..

..

8.5

8.5

19.1

20.8

..

..

Greece Hungary

10.7

10.7

20.0

19.2

16.7

16.7

16.7

18.4

..

..

..

..

Ireland

11.1

11.9

11.9

11.6

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

11.9

..

Israel

14.9

15.3

14.7

14.4

13.8

13.4

13.4

14.2

13.8

13.8

..

..

Italy

33.3

27.3

28.6

24.5

27.8

28.7

25.7

24.7

26.0

26.1

26.8

..

Japan

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.6

..

-

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

5.7

5.6

6.0

12.7

14.0

10.4

12.3

12.8

17.9

..

..

..

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.0

13.8

13.8

13.8

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

43.2

44.3

42.9

42.1

41.0

34.2

20.6

17.2

19.1

19.1

19.4

..

New Zealand

11.1

11.1

11.1

11.3

11.1

11.1

11.1

11.1

11.6

13.0

..

..

Norway

33.9

30.2

31.6

32.6

30.1

33.3

32.3

33.0

30.4

29.3

29.6

..

Poland

22.4

23.5

23.3

23.1

22.9

22.8

22.3

21.9

21.7

21.6

22.2

..

Portugal

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.7

..

..

Slovak Republic

9.6

12.3

16.0

16.0

15.8

16.0

16.0

15.9

15.9

15.9

16.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

20.5

21.5

24.7

25.4

25.1

..

18.0

17.9

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

..

..

..

.. ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States

..

..

..

..

..

39.5

37.7

38.0

37.2

37.1

..

7.1

7.1

7.1

6.9

7.2

7.1

7.1

9.6

9.4

9.4

9.7

..

19.3

19.3

19.3

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

21.5

..

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Percentages for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 335

Table 20 Indices of real tax component for automotive diesel for commercial use 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

91.8

90.7

95.0

100.0

99.0

104.2

108.2

107.6

105.7

105.0

117.2

..

Belgium

92.6

88.2

96.9

100.0

92.9

89.0

83.9

92.0

99.8

100.6

103.2

..

Canada

98.5

97.3

97.1

100.0

107.9

103.9

104.1

95.8

103.5

108.6

109.9

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

85.9

85.8

101.9

100.0

97.5

94.7

89.0

88.1

95.6

95.5

94.4

..

105.9

103.7

102.6

100.0

98.1

96.5

93.5

96.1

95.7

95.1

95.7

..

..

..

..

100.0

95.7

89.8

109.5

115.9

126.7

124.1

122.7

121.0

Finland

96.8

100.7

100.5

100.0

98.5

96.0

105.5

105.5

104.2

103.2

101.8

..

France

97.4

97.7

101.7

100.0

98.3

99.0

96.7

96.7

95.2

94.8

96.1

95.1

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

Germany

97.6

103.2

101.5

100.0

98.4

96.2

93.8

93.5

92.5

92.0

91.2

..

Greece

110.3

106.5

103.5

100.0

99.9

101.9

108.1

110.1

135.8

140.8

141.1

..

Hungary

108.6

106.7

100.0

100.0

96.2

89.1

84.0

83.0

87.9

87.1

85.6

84.3

89.0

93.6

101.9

100.0

95.7

91.2

87.7

99.5

109.8

112.4

111.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

104.7

102.0

99.8

100.0

98.5

98.1

95.3

94.9

93.4

92.9

92.0

..

Japan

97.0

97.5

98.2

100.0

101.2

101.6

99.5

99.6

101.5

101.3

103.0

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

102.1

100.0

97.8

100.0

102.2

104.2

104.9

104.5

104.9

103.8

106.0

..

3882.4 2656.7 1242.0

100.0

-

-

-

276.1

-

-

-

..

Ireland Israel Italy

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

97.4

95.3

100.5

100.0

98.8

98.8

105.5

106.0

106.8

106.4

105.6

..

New Zealand

107.3

105.4

103.0

100.0

96.7

94.5

90.9

98.9

96.7

94.5

87.9

..

Norway

99.0

98.7

100.0

100.0

99.4

100.4

106.0

108.3

107.6

107.0

108.2

..

Poland

87.7

89.2

94.9

100.0

98.9

96.6

89.2

85.8

93.8

92.8

91.5

..

Portugal

88.2

93.2

97.1

100.0

106.6

111.2

111.7

106.9

108.9

109.0

112.7

..

Slovak Republic

92.6

100.2

102.7

100.0

95.7

93.1

89.0

87.6

68.0

66.1

64.5

..

..

..

..

100.0

96.7

95.3

86.5

121.4

119.4

120.8

106.7

..

109.7

106.5

103.4

100.0

96.6

96.5

92.8

100.4

103.1

102.2

102.9

101.0 ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden

88.0

87.9

91.8

100.0

99.2

98.5

106.5

111.6

110.3

109.0

107.7

102.9

102.3

101.4

100.0

99.0

99.3

97.3

97.8

97.1

96.9

96.7

..

88.8

94.7

91.7

100.0

94.5

87.8

88.7

83.9

81.4

80.4

82.6

..

United Kingdom

106.0

103.6

102.8

100.0

97.1

96.5

95.8

103.8

104.3

104.5

104.0

..

United States

102.3

101.2

99.5

100.0

98.3

97.4

100.0

96.9

97.2

96.0

96.1

..

Switzerland Turkey

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

336 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 21 Indices of real tax component for automotive diesel for non-commercial use 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

101.2

99.5

98.9

100.0

99.1

96.2

97.0

91.2

87.6

87.0

87.9

..

Austria

91.1

90.3

95.8

100.0

104.4

108.2

116.6

107.4

109.7

110.1

123.0

123.0

Belgium

86.7

84.2

93.7

100.0

96.1

93.3

93.2

91.6

101.5

103.4

108.2

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

77.6

83.8

90.9

100.0

105.2

100.9

103.2

93.8

100.6

100.3

..

..

Czech Republic

87.9

88.0

99.4

100.0

98.7

95.6

92.9

86.5

96.9

97.4

97.9

..

101.3

99.2

98.3

100.0

100.5

99.2

101.5

95.4

99.3

99.9

103.8

..

..

..

..

100.0

98.4

92.2

111.7

109.3

124.1

122.8

125.6

123.0

Denmark Estonia Finland

91.6

94.9

96.1

100.0

100.4

97.8

110.8

101.6

105.7

107.5

110.9

..

France

92.3

92.7

97.7

100.0

99.9

100.2

102.4

95.3

97.6

98.2

102.4

101.8

Germany

94.0

99.0

98.6

100.0

99.5

102.5

103.8

97.5

99.7

100.5

102.4

..

Greece

97.7

94.9

96.6

100.0

102.2

103.6

114.4

106.0

135.4

143.5

148.4

..

Hungary

103.6

102.2

97.0

100.0

93.4

85.6

85.3

82.3

92.3

92.7

94.5

94.0

Ireland

86.3

89.4

97.0

100.0

97.6

92.6

94.3

96.6

109.2

112.1

113.8

..

Israel

39.4

64.8

91.9

100.0

126.8

150.9

191.4

207.0

225.5

226.3

..

..

Italy

98.0

95.9

95.6

100.0

99.8

99.0

100.7

93.4

95.4

95.7

97.7

..

Japan

97.3

97.7

98.2

100.0

101.4

102.1

99.8

100.1

102.0

101.7

103.3

..

Korea

70.3

79.8

89.0

100.0

110.2

115.2

110.4

110.8

109.0

108.1

108.3

..

Luxembourg

95.8

93.9

93.7

100.0

103.4

104.6

109.6

100.8

105.2

105.3

109.6

..

408.2

308.5

193.0

100.0

94.7

97.8

99.5

135.2

131.5

134.9

136.8

..

Mexico Netherlands

92.4

90.7

96.8

100.0

100.7

99.1

109.7

101.5

106.6

107.2

109.5

..

New Zealand

78.0

74.1

84.4

100.0

120.7

109.0

144.7

100.3

117.4

136.0

155.4

..

Norway

93.6

93.4

95.1

100.0

100.2

100.9

109.8

105.1

107.2

108.2

106.1

..

Poland

83.0

86.4

92.4

100.0

100.1

97.3

95.2

86.7

96.2

96.4

99.0

..

Portugal

84.8

90.1

94.6

100.0

107.6

111.5

114.1

105.6

109.8

110.7

118.0

..

Slovak Republic

96.2

97.7

99.6

100.0

97.3

93.2

91.8

84.7

71.0

71.0

72.6

..

..

..

..

100.0

98.6

97.0

94.2

113.7

116.2

118.2

110.2

..

102.4

99.6

98.7

100.0

98.5

97.8

99.2

98.2

106.1

107.9

112.3

111.2 ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden

86.3

84.7

88.6

100.0

101.7

100.0

111.5

109.0

110.8

110.1

112.1

100.3

99.9

99.8

100.0

99.7

100.1

100.1

97.2

97.5

97.5

98.7

..

88.8

94.7

91.7

100.0

94.5

87.8

88.7

83.9

81.4

80.4

82.6

..

United Kingdom

102.7

100.8

100.6

100.0

98.2

97.1

100.1

100.7

106.2

106.8

111.6

..

United States

102.3

101.2

99.5

100.0

98.3

97.4

100.0

96.9

97.2

96.0

96.1

..

Switzerland Turkey

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 337

Table 22 Indices of real tax component for premium leaded gasoline 2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Belgium

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

101.3

100.5

99.3

100.0

100.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

105.0

101.5

101.4

100.0

101.9

101.8

101.9

105.8

157.6

168.9

172.1

..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Greece

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

96.7

96.0

99.9

100.0

100.0

99.4

98.2

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Norway

105.9

94.4

97.0

100.0

100.2

101.3

101.8

100.3

101.7

101.5

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

..

..

97.6

100.0

105.1

107.0

105.4

102.3

105.1

105.0

108.6

..

Netherlands New Zealand

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

105.3

102.6

101.0

100.0

98.3

..

x

x

x

x

x

x x

Spain Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

79.6

79.7

81.0

100.0

92.5

85.6

82.4

79.8

76.1

72.9

76.3

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

338 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 23 Indices of real tax component for regular unleaded gasoline

Australia Austria

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

2002

2003

102.6

100.5

99.9

100.0

98.8

96.0

95.3

91.5

88.6

88.0

88.5

..

99.2

98.3

99.9

100.0

100.4

102.7

107.9

103.1

105.0

104.8

112.2

112.6

Belgium

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

102.2

100.1

99.9

100.0

103.4

100.2

98.3

94.5

100.9

106.3

107.6

..

Chile

91.5

93.8

96.6

100.0

102.5

97.4

71.7

65.2

91.4

98.8

..

..

Czech Republic

97.8

97.9

101.1

100.0

98.5

95.7

90.6

87.1

96.3

96.4

96.6

..

102.8

100.9

100.3

100.0

100.0

98.9

98.2

96.2

98.6

97.7

100.0

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

97.3

100.9

100.0

100.0

99.5

101.6

100.3

98.0

99.2

99.0

99.2

..

Greece

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Denmark

Germany

Japan

97.9

98.3

98.8

100.0

104.2

104.3

100.8

102.8

104.5

104.2

105.3

..

Korea

108.4

105.0

102.1

100.0

98.5

96.5

87.3

90.3

88.9

87.9

87.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

281.9

218.2

144.5

100.0

73.0

64.5

63.9

79.8

70.1

72.0

73.0

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

89.3

90.7

93.1

100.0

104.3

103.8

107.2

104.6

110.8

116.5

118.8

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United Kingdom

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

106.2

104.1

102.7

100.0

118.0

118.3

117.4

111.4

112.1

112.2

110.8

..

United States

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 339

Table 24 Indices of real tax component for premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline 2002 Australia Austria

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

98.9

97.8

99.5

100.0

100.5

102.8

107.6

103.6

105.1

104.6

112.3

112.4

Belgium

89.7

88.4

94.8

100.0

99.5

99.2

96.5

94.5

96.0

95.6

95.8

..

Canada

102.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

103.1

99.6

97.4

93.9

100.6

106.6

106.9

..

Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

98.2

98.8

101.5

100.0

98.0

94.6

89.6

85.9

94.8

94.8

95.0

..

102.5

100.6

100.1

100.0

100.0

98.8

98.2

96.3

99.0

98.9

101.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

95.1

98.1

99.1

100.0

100.1

98.0

101.4

98.5

100.8

100.8

101.4

..

France

101.4

100.3

99.3

100.0

99.8

100.6

100.0

97.0

98.2

98.3

100.2

..

97.2

100.8

99.9

100.0

99.7

101.9

100.5

98.2

99.2

99.0

99.2

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

105.9

106.1

100.7

100.0

93.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

84.8

82.9

95.8

100.0

98.4

100.3

98.1

94.8

95.4

94.7

95.2

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

96.3

95.0

98.6

100.0

100.0

100.4

100.1

97.0

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Norway

94.2

94.5

97.0

100.0

100.5

101.6

102.1

100.6

102.0

101.9

101.7

..

Poland

98.2

100.7

103.0

100.0

94.1

104.4

101.3

96.6

97.4

96.9

97.9

..

Portugal

90.2

95.3

97.5

100.0

104.9

107.0

105.4

102.1

103.8

103.9

107.6

..

Slovak Republic

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

98.2

99.3

101.2

100.0

97.3

93.7

..

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

93.2

93.0

95.2

100.0

100.6

99.4

101.9

104.2

104.8

103.5

104.5

..

101.5

100.4

100.3

100.0

99.9

99.5

98.9

97.8

97.4

96.3

97.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

108.4

106.4

102.3

100.0

98.2

97.2

98.5

100.4

106.5

106.8

111.2

..

United States

106.2

104.1

102.7

100.0

118.0

118.3

117.4

111.4

112.1

112.2

110.8

..

Switzerland Turkey

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

340 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 25 Indices of real tax component for premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline 2002 Australia Austria

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2005 = 100 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

99.3

98.3

99.9

100.0

100.4

102.6

107.5

102.7

104.5

104.3

111.7

112.1

Belgium

89.1

88.6

95.6

100.0

100.3

100.1

97.3

95.3

96.7

96.3

96.5

..

Canada

104.6

100.2

99.6

100.0

106.0

102.6

100.0

96.8

103.5

110.0

110.6

111.0

Chile

91.4

93.7

96.6

100.0

102.4

98.1

73.2

72.0

94.5

99.1

..

..

Czech Republic

97.7

97.8

100.9

100.0

98.6

95.6

90.6

87.1

96.2

96.3

96.5

..

102.9

100.8

100.3

100.0

100.0

98.9

98.2

96.2

98.5

97.5

99.9

..

..

..

..

100.0

98.2

92.6

103.1

104.5

117.6

115.8

117.3

115.9

Denmark Estonia Finland

95.0

98.3

99.1

100.0

100.1

97.9

101.2

98.3

100.7

100.5

100.9

..

France

101.7

100.8

99.7

100.0

100.0

100.8

100.2

97.2

98.4

98.4

100.4

100.3

Germany

97.3

100.9

100.0

100.0

99.5

101.5

100.0

97.8

98.8

98.6

99.0

..

Greece

103.4

100.0

99.9

100.0

102.2

106.6

109.5

114.4

171.0

183.2

187.5

..

Hungary

105.7

106.0

100.2

100.0

94.1

87.0

83.5

83.2

93.9

93.7

94.3

94.5

Ireland

95.9

93.9

100.4

100.0

98.8

94.2

95.5

104.1

115.4

115.1

116.5

..

Israel

92.8

99.2

98.7

100.0

100.9

99.9

100.6

105.1

110.2

109.8

..

..

100.1

97.7

99.4

100.0

99.4

97.8

96.3

92.7

93.9

93.6

94.7

..

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

84.5

83.0

96.1

100.0

98.8

100.7

98.6

95.2

95.8

95.3

95.6

..

230.3

187.0

139.0

100.0

70.2

58.0

58.3

76.6

61.5

61.5

61.6

..

Italy

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

95.5

95.0

98.8

100.0

99.9

100.3

100.3

97.1

100.0

99.9

100.7

..

New Zealand

89.7

91.1

93.6

100.0

104.6

104.1

107.6

105.1

111.5

117.2

119.6

..

Norway

94.1

94.4

96.9

100.0

100.7

101.7

102.4

100.8

101.8

101.7

101.4

..

Poland

94.7

97.0

99.7

100.0

91.1

101.2

97.8

93.2

94.0

93.4

94.7

..

Portugal

90.7

95.6

97.6

100.0

104.9

106.9

105.0

102.0

104.1

104.2

107.8

..

Slovak Republic

97.4

98.9

101.1

100.0

97.3

93.6

90.0

85.3

87.1

87.3

88.9

..

..

..

..

100.0

100.8

101.5

92.1

109.9

115.2

117.1

112.6

..

105.6

102.7

101.0

100.0

98.2

95.9

93.9

96.1

102.5

103.3

105.9

105.3 ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden

93.1

92.9

95.3

100.0

100.6

99.8

101.9

104.4

105.1

103.9

101.0

101.3

100.4

100.3

100.0

99.9

99.5

98.7

97.9

97.4

96.3

97.5

..

84.5

86.2

82.9

100.0

93.2

86.4

83.2

80.4

76.7

73.4

76.8

..

United Kingdom

103.0

101.3

101.1

100.0

98.2

97.5

98.7

100.8

106.8

107.0

111.5

..

United States

106.2

104.1

102.7

100.0

118.0

118.3

117.4

111.4

112.1

112.2

110.8

..

Switzerland Turkey

* Indices for 2Q2011 are based on preliminary values.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 341

D. ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN USD/unit (converted using exchange rates)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

342 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 USD exchange rates in national currencies 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

1.841

1.542

1.359

1.313

1.328

1.195

1.198

1.282

1.090

1.013

0.995

0.941

Austria

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Belgium

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Canada

1.570

1.400

1.301

1.212

1.134

1.074

1.068

1.141

1.030

1.013

0.986

0.966

Chile

688.94 691.40 609.53 559.81 530.28 522.47 523.54 558.94 509.98

480.24

481.45

469.10

Czech Republic

32.733 28.129 25.695 23.955 22.585 20.289 17.078 19.050 19.080

18.250

17.807

16.891

Denmark

7.884

6.577

5.988

5.996

5.943

5.443

5.099

5.359

5.622

5.492

5.451

5.177

Estonia

1.062

0.886

0.805

0.804

0.797

0.731

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.736

0.731

0.694

Finland

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

France

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Germany

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Greece

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Hungary

257.9

224.3

202.6

199.5

210.4

183.6

172.5

202.1

207.8

203.0

199.1

184.8

Ireland

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Israel

4.738

4.548

4.482

4.488

4.457

4.108

3.585

3.927

3.731

3.616

3.597

3.440

Italy

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

125.25 115.94 108.15 110.10 116.35 117.76 103.39

81.80

Japan

93.57

87.76

82.54

82.26

Korea

1251

1191

1145

1024

952

929

1101

1275

1155

1132

1118

1084

Luxembourg

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Mexico

9.661 10.790 11.281 10.890 10.903 10.929 11.153 13.504 12.632

12.389

12.062

11.704

Netherlands

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

New Zealand

2.163

1.724

1.509

1.421

1.542

1.361

1.426

1.600

1.388

1.319

1.323

1.254

Norway

7.986

7.078

6.739

6.441

6.415

5.858

5.648

6.290

6.045

5.926

5.723

5.432

Poland

4.082

3.888

3.651

3.234

3.104

2.765

2.410

3.119

3.015

2.921

2.881

2.745

Portugal

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Slovak Republic

1.504

1.220

1.070

1.030

0.984

0.819

0.709

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Slovenia

1.003

0.864

0.803

0.804

0.797

0.731

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Spain

1.061

0.885

0.805

0.805

0.797

0.730

0.684

0.720

0.755

0.737

0.731

0.694

Sweden

9.721

8.078

7.346

7.472

7.373

6.758

6.597

7.653

7.202

6.786

6.481

6.237

Switzerland

1.557

1.345

1.243

1.246

1.253

1.200

1.084

1.086

1.043

0.974

0.942

0.875

Turkey

1.512

1.503

1.426

1.341

1.430

1.300

1.299

1.547

1.499

1.455

1.570

1.559

United Kingdom

0.667

0.612

0.546

0.550

0.543

0.500

0.546

0.641

0.648

0.633

0.624

0.612

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

United States

* Exchange rates for 2Q2011 are preliminary. The Euro is the national currency for Economic and Monetary Union countries. For detailed notes on methodology, please refer to the detailed notes on sources and methods at the beginning of Part II.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 343

Table 2 High sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

160.4

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

199.3

234.9

249.5

333.7

367.8

440.8

571.5

432.1

551.7

572.7

687.4

.. ..

Chile Czech Republic

.. 139.4

.. 146.8

.. 166.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

207.2

289.2

285.5

438.4

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France

.. 175.6

Germany

..

Greece

..

Hungary

163.2

Ireland

247.8

Israel

.. 209.3 .. 242.2 .. 302.3

..

.. 216.5 .. 251.6 .. 329.4

.. 302.6 .. 329.3 .. 418.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 442.7

.. 447.4

..

..

..

..

..

363.1

464.7

491.5

885.2

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

456.0

484.1

776.5

542.7

551.6

692.0

480.3

625.3

645.8

736.9

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

181.0

255.5

259.3

429.8

302.9

411.6

412.9

459.8

..

201.6

237.8

267.7

350.3

Korea

274.9

301.6

339.3

434.6

x

x

x

119.9

140.0

145.0

New Zealand

.. 429.3

..

Japan

Netherlands

.. 498.3

.. 555.7

..

220.7

Mexico

.. 378.8

.. 407.9

..

Italy

Luxembourg

.. 358.8

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

187.6

238.3

274.7

420.0

388.6

427.4

570.0

427.6

578.9

546.9

626.8

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

131.1

159.9

173.5

254.4

308.4

354.1

486.8

356.2

475.9

499.2

582.9

..

Portugal

223.2

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

184.5

230.9

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

264.8

304.4

346.1

545.1

641.1

786.1

999.2

802.6

930.7

955.2

1055.2

..

United Kingdom

203.2

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

158.6

195.8

206.6

295.9

342.5

388.1

558.4

372.3

482.9

509.7

609.3

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

.. 207.9

.. 240.4

.. 259.1

.. 349.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

344 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 Low sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne 2002 Australia

2003

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

474.9

672.1

488.2

601.1

615.8

715.7

838.1

Belgium

152.8

217.7

214.6

307.2

350.5

403.6

619.2

419.2

535.7

552.1

650.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

149.8

168.5

192.1

246.4

331.9

338.2

513.9

355.3

421.6

419.9

482.0

..

Denmark

236.8

308.5

283.5

386.4

434.8

487.6

624.9

497.0

658.6

677.2

720.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic Estonia

..

..

..

2010

419.1

..

..

2009

353.9

..

..

2008

265.8

..

..

2007

224.5

..

..

2006

177.1

Chile

..

2005

Austria Canada

..

2004

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

220.6

272.7

293.6

393.3

441.9

494.0

675.0

515.0

623.8

648.7

France

188.8

228.1

232.5

323.9

372.5

421.8

587.4

440.0

544.4

558.3

.. 663.6

.. 763.0

Germany

172.6

210.5

217.1

302.9

371.3

393.9

591.8

437.0

521.2

542.3

633.0

..

Greece

209.3

266.6

277.9

359.0

405.4

474.9

645.0

487.8

591.9

608.8

714.6

..

Hungary

181.6

219.9

330.3

385.4

440.2

623.3

440.1

542.5

568.0

646.0

813.7

Ireland

..

..

.. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c ..

Italy

199.6

263.5

288.5

382.3

427.5

473.4

643.3

474.7

583.4

606.6

701.5

Japan

260.2

310.4

361.3

469.2

564.3

580.9

945.6

584.6

742.4

768.1

919.0

Korea

283.1

310.9

349.1

429.6

562.2

573.9

722.8

525.9

670.7

700.1

792.5

..

Luxembourg

168.5

215.2

210.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

356.1

412.6

451.7

580.2

390.3

478.4

522.0

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland

.. 207.5

.. 266.0

.. 456.4 ..

278.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1037.6

505.8

520.7

624.7

723.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

197.9

298.1

369.3

428.0

634.0

462.6

583.6

620.8

682.1

..

Portugal

232.9

287.5

296.4

387.6

484.6

526.1

705.6

559.9

651.6

684.2

832.2

..

Slovak Republic

130.2

174.4

204.2

225.3

301.5

338.8

507.5

326.0

444.8

459.4

555.7

..

380.8

462.5

494.5

705.1

512.2

637.4

660.1

727.1

373.8

433.6

463.6

640.0

456.3

559.8

585.6

642.5

776.4 1514.6

Slovenia Spain

.. 221.4

.. 270.7

.. 274.1

..

Sweden

480.1

626.1

761.1

855.4

933.2 1036.8 1238.9

983.9 1155.8

1229.7

1388.3

Switzerland

177.8

221.4

209.6

308.2

348.1

392.9

624.8

449.3

639.0

661.3

760.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

375.3

433.9

576.0

c

c

c

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

United Kingdom

..

United States

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

212.4

.. 254.4 .. 265.9

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 278.1 .. 284.5 ..

.. 375.2 ..

431.8 ..

476.8

649.9

481.8

585.9

609.7

703.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 345

Table 4 Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne 2002 Australia

..

Austria

96.4

Belgium

160.4

Canada

117.8

Chile Czech Republic

2003 .. 146.4 x 180.4

.. 139.4

.. 146.8

2004 .. 153.3 x 141.5 .. 166.7

2005 .. 182.2 x 198.4 .. 207.2

2006 .. 226.1 x 222.4 .. 289.2

2007 .. 220.3 x 261.3 .. 285.5

2008 .. 342.3

2009 .. 210.8

2010 .. 262.4

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* .. 270.5

.. 310.5

.. ..

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

438.4

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France Germany Greece

166.6

205.4

.. 157.0

.. 199.4

..

Hungary

159.7

Ireland

149.3

.. .. 187.6

219.6 .. 202.2 .. .. 203.8

319.3 .. 287.9 .. .. 284.6

367.2 .. 354.1 .. .. 343.2

412.4 .. 372.5 .. .. 339.2

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico

.. 274.9

.. 301.6

.. 118.3

.. 139.0

.. 339.3 .. 144.1

577.0 .. 572.1 .. .. 566.1 598.9 c

421.9 .. 420.2 ..

535.3 .. 503.2 ..

557.8 .. 516.7 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

408.1 c

496.3 c

635.5 c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

177.9

253.2

252.5

443.9

302.9

412.3

411.8

453.4

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

Poland

131.0

159.9

176.9

251.4

323.4

380.3

525.7

394.2

Portugal

143.2

181.4

184.5

217.8

311.0

352.2

478.4

336.4

505.0 ..

526.8 ..

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

221.4

270.4

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

264.8

304.4

346.1

545.1

641.1

786.1

999.2

802.6

930.7

955.2

United Kingdom

188.0

253.2

260.2

384.5

426.8

454.6

533.4

468.5

632.8

656.5

United States

153.9

199.7

203.5

292.9

326.7

359.6

572.7

370.5

528.6

594.0

1055.2 .. 631.3

.. .. ..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

346 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 Light fuel oil prices for industry in USD/1000 litres 2002 Australia

..

Austria

..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

345.4

431.6

523.9

609.7

699.9

689.4

593.6

763.0

815.8

932.9

..

Belgium

225.5

294.6

388.1

534.9

598.0

658.6

918.5

570.0

694.1

750.7

872.6

..

Canada

222.0

277.2

358.3

512.8

570.5

640.6

886.0

535.0

673.7

741.2

890.6

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

227.2

280.4

416.8

564.7

609.9

636.8

928.3

573.8

710.2

776.6

898.9

..

Denmark

362.9

453.1

538.2

683.8

744.7

819.8 1044.1

745.3

958.0

1085.3

1173.5

..

523.6

591.9

655.2

991.7

671.5

818.5

875.8

1042.8

Estonia

..

..

..

1113.6

Finland

283.0

362.5

451.8

592.9

661.4

713.7 1005.7

680.5

840.1

926.1

1172.7

..

France

261.0

332.4

426.2

563.3

632.6

691.7

951.7

606.9

748.9

818.0

947.6

..

Germany

285.0

344.3

418.9

559.7

632.7

677.4

934.3

611.7

717.3

774.1

904.1

..

Greece

353.0

466.5

584.5

718.4

806.5

886.3 1080.7

823.5

897.8

773.3

916.7

..

Hungary

704.6

938.4

Ireland

311.6

385.8

Israel

..

..

.. 461.8 ..

.. 599.8 ..

.. 688.9 ..

..

..

756.6 1022.2 ..

c

.. 700.8 c

.. 881.0 c

Italy

654.6

800.0

940.2 1084.4 1168.1 1273.8 1582.7 1204.0 1297.9

Japan

243.5

283.1

336.1

439.5

498.5

825.0

505.0

649.8

Korea

442.4

537.4

662.2

853.5

980.3 1009.4 1122.8

757.0

922.9

Luxembourg

260.0

324.5

412.7

549.2

614.3

675.3

938.8

591.3

Mexico

147.3

174.9

192.3

257.7

311.2

331.7

485.8

353.1

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

509.2

..

New Zealand

244.3

270.7

306.1

381.5

444.9

485.3

Norway

489.3

623.9

696.0

886.4

838.6

Poland

253.6

307.6

388.3

558.1

635.6

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

.. 229.7

.. 294.1

.. 300.3

.. 376.9

.. 338.8 .. 463.1

..

..

..

..

c

.. .. c

1495.3

..

682.5

810.4

..

972.0

1101.0

..

711.4

767.9

866.8

..

460.7

465.4

544.5

..

..

..

..

..

615.2

701.9

..

921.1 1265.0

911.6 1085.3

1141.2

1100.5

..

697.7

603.5

822.8

942.9

..

965.5 ..

436.3

c 1362.0

.. 1088.2

576.6

..

664.0

.. 964.5

..

752.7 ..

..

..

515.2

624.5

644.2 1026.1

535.3

723.3

827.6

1010.5

583.7

644.1

701.7

964.5

652.3

802.5

861.7

985.3

594.5

666.1

731.0 1023.8

662.9

781.7

833.9

961.9

.. .. .. 1054.3

Sweden

268.6

339.3

419.1

549.4

613.8

669.0

892.8

562.3

705.0

774.3

975.1

..

Switzerland

213.0

268.8

345.1

484.2

554.8

586.5

882.2

525.0

703.9

774.9

878.4

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

252.3

313.4

396.5

506.1

620.1

690.0

941.1

657.3

793.2

875.7

United States

183.1

232.3

297.4

427.7

484.6

547.6

725.6

437.3

567.1

619.5

OECD Europe

310.9

380.2

466.7

598.4

676.3

744.8 1013.7

692.6

825.8

889.7

Total OECD

245.6

304.4

367.9

495.6

559.4

612.2

536.4

670.5

722.8

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

841.0

..

..

..

..

730.3 .. 832.6

.. .. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 347

Table 6 Light fuel oil prices for households in USD/1000 litres 2002 Australia

2003

..

..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007

2008

..

..

2009 ..

2010 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

Austria

360.5

445.0

593.1

758.2

859.0

910.4 1270.5

861.0

995.6

1067.4

1217.0

Belgium

272.9

354.8

477.3

647.2

723.6

796.9 1111.4

689.7

839.9

908.4

1055.8

..

Canada

316.0

408.3

481.4

644.3

723.6

789.7 1038.7

678.6

855.5

905.0

1065.1

..

Chile

332.2

399.9

520.8

706.3

842.2

887.8 1137.2

825.9

949.8

1006.4

Czech Republic

332.0

405.8

570.5

745.6

803.9

844.8 1208.0

775.4

960.1

1044.7

1194.2

..

Denmark

703.3

868.2 1004.2 1191.5 1270.6 1395.5 1701.1 1308.2 1581.1

1724.3

1837.2

..

1051.0

1251.3

Estonia

..

..

..

617.8

698.5

773.1 1170.2

799.0

982.2

..

1351.5

..

1336.3

Finland

345.3

442.3

551.1

723.3

807.0

870.7 1227.0

830.2 1029.1

1139.2

1442.4

France

343.3

440.0

561.3

723.3

814.5

885.7 1223.0

798.4

944.2

1020.8

1186.1

Germany

330.6

399.3

486.0

649.2

734.0

806.1 1111.8

728.0

853.6

921.2

1075.9

..

Greece

416.6

550.5

689.7

853.1

959.8 1054.7 1286.1

980.0 1093.2

951.1

1127.6

..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

405.1

514.9

626.8

783.4

885.6

910.3 1099.4

1208.4

Israel

371.1

486.2

637.8

810.1

994.8 1169.4 1696.6 1316.6 1595.9

1672.5

Italy

785.5

960.0 1128.3 1301.3 1401.7 1528.5 1899.3 1444.8 1557.5

1634.4

1794.4

..

Japan

364.0

412.5

475.9

579.6

683.9

674.2 1026.3

712.7

869.0

936.2

1055.3

..

Korea

443.2

536.3

656.7

849.6

977.4 1002.1 1122.6

758.3

927.1

974.9

1110.1

..

Luxembourg

276.9

346.2

450.3

599.8

672.6

645.1

780.5

843.4

954.0

..

Netherlands New Zealand

.. 538.8

.. 677.8

..

..

..

..

..

739.4 1033.5 ..

..

820.0 1008.6 1105.7 1207.2 1421.3 ..

..

..

..

..

.. 926.4 ..

1348.1

x

Ireland

Mexico

971.9 1281.0

.. 1271.0

..

.. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

648.8

773.6

863.1 1108.0 1048.2 1151.3 1581.3 1139.5 1356.6

1426.5

1375.7

..

Poland

356.5

416.2

514.0

725.1

832.7

906.8 1243.0

801.2

957.6

1044.1

1190.6

..

621.7

760.6

846.0

995.9 1371.7

946.9 1094.0

1204.0

1352.2

..

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

.. 259.3

.. 354.2

.. 348.4

.. 437.2

.. .. 537.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

773.0

842.1 1157.5

782.7

963.0

1034.0

1182.4

689.6

772.7

847.9 1187.6

769.0

918.5

984.0

1135.1

Sweden

648.2

860.4 1072.8 1236.3 1332.8 1485.6 1808.7 1363.7 1587.6

Switzerland

262.5

326.6

406.0

..

700.5

562.9

630.9

672.0 1011.4

634.3

.. .. 1244.0

1720.3

1918.7

..

819.1

891.7

1026.0

..

Turkey

716.8

870.4

981.4 1371.6 1488.4 1700.1 2052.5 1481.1 1641.0

1742.4

1823.3

..

United Kingdom

239.0

303.4

402.3

556.8

674.7

801.0 1070.3

686.0

836.2

897.1

1031.3

..

United States

314.5

369.8

415.7

552.4

636.9

717.5

892.0

661.3

777.6

827.5

944.9

..

OECD Europe

383.0

467.9

581.4

744.3

823.6

908.3 1206.5

810.1

949.6

1008.0

1164.5

..

Total OECD

365.0

438.3

526.8

677.6

766.3

821.4 1103.5

758.2

896.1

953.2

1095.3

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

348 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 Automotive diesel oil prices for commercial use in USD/litre 2002 Australia

2003

..

..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

Austria

0.565

0.650

0.747

0.810

0.890

0.981

1.122

0.893

0.974

1.033

1.179

..

Belgium

0.565

0.706

0.911

1.068

1.119

1.238

1.513

1.172

1.315

1.411

1.562

..

Canada

0.406

0.492

0.581

0.765

0.852

0.921

1.156

0.775

0.972

1.058

1.209

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

0.544

0.638

0.809

0.978

1.077

1.189

1.562

1.157

1.341

1.427

1.543

..

Denmark

0.689

0.825

0.911

1.022

1.101

1.213

1.491

1.167

1.282

1.354

1.503

..

0.846

0.924

1.005

1.420

1.058

1.221

1.293

1.437

Estonia

..

..

..

1.481

Finland

0.606

0.748

0.863

0.987

1.051

1.143

1.515

1.129

1.222

1.317

1.486

France

0.608

0.749

0.919

1.062

1.132

1.250

1.553

1.164

1.268

1.342

1.504

Germany

0.682

0.863

1.004

1.143

1.208

1.345

1.637

1.273

1.365

1.459

1.604

..

Greece

0.496

0.610

0.779

0.919

1.006

1.133

1.481

1.122

1.343

1.450

1.587

..

Hungary

0.625

0.749

0.864

1.026

1.076

1.197

1.491

1.087

1.237

1.309

1.461

Ireland

0.603

0.750

0.904

1.068

1.136

1.222

1.537

1.171

1.318

1.403

1.512

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

.. 1.610

1.610 .. c

Italy

0.672

0.826

0.971

1.147

1.218

1.327

1.635

1.251

1.340

1.414

1.556

..

Japan

0.503

0.562

0.649

0.745

0.797

0.817

1.155

0.866

1.031

1.104

1.221

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

0.517

0.627

0.745

0.911

1.001

1.114

1.409

1.021

1.148

1.223

1.345

..

Mexico

0.429

0.398

0.392

0.419

0.434

0.466

0.490

0.501

0.589

0.625

0.660

..

Netherlands

0.626

0.755

0.938

1.068

1.146

1.263

1.581

1.163

1.303

1.382

1.518

..

New Zealand

0.266

0.321

0.430

0.564

0.653

0.683

0.907

0.566

0.746

0.822

0.945

..

Norway

0.823

0.956

1.039

1.223

1.277

1.413

1.739

1.363

1.556

1.646

1.595

..

Poland

0.518

0.598

0.711

0.933

1.008

1.116

1.435

0.957

1.158

1.232

1.335

..

Portugal

0.561

0.738

0.900

1.066

1.197

1.352

1.689

1.277

1.397

1.472

1.671

..

Slovak Republic

0.505

0.679

0.882

1.019

1.128

1.287

1.638

1.291

1.257

1.360

1.486

..

0.945

1.006

1.110

1.375

1.169

1.268

1.345

1.409

0.957

1.024

1.132

1.424

1.091

1.216

1.288

1.445

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.560

.. 0.676

.. 0.809

.. 1.553

Sweden

0.690

0.804

0.931

1.108

1.208

1.303

1.620

1.206

1.385

1.491

1.684

..

Switzerland

0.711

0.850

0.993

1.129

1.195

1.268

1.623

1.250

1.399

1.514

1.635

..

Turkey

0.725

0.927

1.080

1.459

1.555

1.771

2.212

1.677

2.041

2.150

2.210

..

United Kingdom

0.963

1.083

1.277

1.405

1.491

1.651

1.834

1.409

1.568

1.652

1.796

..

United States

0.348

0.398

0.477

0.633

0.714

0.761

1.003

0.651

0.791

0.832

0.958

..

OECD Europe

0.661

0.801

0.953

1.106

1.183

1.310

1.602

1.217

1.350

1.433

1.574

..

Total OECD

0.522

0.612

0.732

0.879

0.956

1.045

1.314

0.961

1.099

1.166

1.297

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 349

Table 8 Automotive diesel oil prices for non-commercial use in USD/litre 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

0.468

0.591

0.736

0.913

1.014

1.093

1.330

1.048

1.172

1.268

1.430

Austria

0.678

0.821

1.005

1.178

1.265

1.418

1.811

1.352

1.464

1.552

1.768

Belgium

0.684

0.854

1.094

1.292

1.354

1.498

1.831

1.418

1.592

1.707

1.890

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

Chile

0.362

0.431

0.547

0.715

0.847

0.880

1.145

0.764

0.947

1.001

Czech Republic

0.664

0.779

0.968

1.163

1.282

1.415

1.859

1.376

1.609

1.713

1.852

..

Denmark

0.862

1.032

1.139

1.278

1.376

1.517

1.864

1.459

1.603

1.693

1.879

..

0.998

1.090

1.186

1.676

1.259

1.465

1.551

1.724

Estonia

..

..

..

..

.. 1.942

..

1.777

Finland

0.738

0.913

1.053

1.204

1.283

1.395

1.848

1.378

1.497

1.621

1.828

France

0.727

0.896

1.099

1.271

1.354

1.495

1.857

1.391

1.516

1.606

1.799

Germany

0.792

1.001

1.164

1.323

1.400

1.601

1.948

1.514

1.624

1.736

1.909

..

Greece

0.586

0.719

0.919

1.092

1.197

1.348

1.763

1.335

1.633

1.783

1.952

..

Hungary

0.781

0.936

1.079

1.273

1.291

1.436

1.789

1.332

1.547

1.637

1.827

Ireland

0.730

0.908

1.096

1.292

1.374

1.479

1.859

1.416

1.596

1.699

1.829

Israel

0.573

0.684

0.816

1.005

1.126

1.323

1.933

1.560

1.770

1.896

Italy

0.807

0.991

1.165

1.377

1.462

1.593

1.962

1.501

1.608

1.697

1.867

..

Japan

0.661

0.729

0.814

0.911

0.971

1.010

1.359

1.106

1.285

1.368

1.476

..

Korea

0.542

0.653

0.792

1.052

1.282

1.367

1.467

1.085

1.300

1.351

1.499

..

Luxembourg

0.596

0.721

0.857

1.047

1.152

1.281

1.621

1.174

1.321

1.406

1.548

..

Mexico

0.491

0.456

0.450

0.480

0.498

0.533

0.559

0.571

0.676

0.717

0.758

..

Netherlands

0.745

0.898

1.104

1.271

1.364

1.489

1.881

1.384

1.550

1.645

1.807

..

New Zealand

0.299

0.361

0.484

0.635

0.735

0.769

1.021

0.637

0.845

0.945

1.086

..

Norway

1.027

1.185

1.288

1.526

1.596

1.767

2.173

1.704

1.945

2.058

1.994

..

Poland

0.632

0.729

0.868

1.139

1.230

1.362

1.751

1.168

1.412

1.503

1.642

..

Portugal

0.608

0.801

0.978

1.163

1.310

1.481

1.846

1.393

1.526

1.612

1.843

..

Slovak Republic

0.621

0.814

1.050

1.213

1.343

1.532

1.949

1.538

1.495

1.619

1.783

..

1.134

1.207

1.331

1.650

1.403

1.522

1.614

1.691

1.109

1.188

1.312

1.652

1.266

1.424

1.520

1.705

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.649

.. 0.784

.. 0.938

..

.. 1.926

2.013 .. ..

.. 1.832

Sweden

0.863

1.004

1.163

1.386

1.510

1.629

2.025

1.507

1.732

1.864

2.105

..

Switzerland

0.858

1.011

1.164

1.315

1.388

1.473

1.869

1.470

1.651

1.790

1.951

..

Turkey

0.725

0.927

1.080

1.459

1.555

1.771

2.212

1.677

2.041

2.150

2.210

..

United Kingdom

1.133

1.272

1.501

1.652

1.752

1.940

2.151

1.621

1.842

1.941

2.155

..

United States

0.348

0.398

0.477

0.633

0.714

0.761

1.003

0.651

0.791

0.832

0.958

..

OECD Europe

0.779

0.943

1.123

1.307

1.394

1.548

1.898

1.437

1.600

1.700

1.875

..

Total OECD

0.594

0.697

0.835

1.000

1.091

1.195

1.491

1.103

1.259

1.334

1.484

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

350 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 9 Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline prices in USD/litre

Australia Austria Belgium

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0.482

0.601

x 0.988

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

.. x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France Germany Greece

x 1.032

x 1.240

x 0.739

x 0.891

x 1.425 x 1.081

x 1.576 x 1.166

x 1.701 x 1.300

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x 1.473

x 1.730

x 1.489

x 1.984

x 2.165

x 2.300

x ..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

Israel Italy

0.895

1.011

x

x

1.107 x

1.217 x

1.328 x

1.446 x

1.774 x

x

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Netherlands New Zealand Norway

1.152

1.402

x 1.198

x 1.410

Poland

x

x

Portugal

..

..

1.653 x 1.583 x 1.357

1.777 x 1.781 x 1.496

1.877 x 1.868 x 1.690

2.127 x 2.091 x 1.905

2.378 x 2.310 x 2.146

1.978 x 1.824

2.220 x 1.962

2.287 x 2.029

2.200

..

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

Spain

0.821

1.001

1.168

1.289

1.395

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

0.979

1.204

1.379

United Kingdom

1.155

1.307

1.548

1.879

1.920

2.192

2.448

2.009

2.456

2.557

2.541

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 351

Table 10 Regular unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

0.465

0.580

0.717

0.853

0.935

1.018

1.176

1.002

1.155

1.248

1.393

Austria

0.809

0.974

1.157

1.262

1.346

1.512

1.763

1.449

1.573

1.639

1.792

Belgium Canada

x 0.448

x 0.526

x 0.625

x 0.763

x 0.861

x 0.949

x 1.079

x 0.831

x 1.001

x 1.061

x 1.250 ..

.. 2.005 x ..

Chile

0.583

0.657

0.802

0.970

1.123

1.149

1.183

0.909

1.215

1.305

Czech Republic

0.742

0.871

1.027

1.172

1.291

1.436

1.746

1.411

1.651

1.738

1.866

..

..

Denmark

1.030

1.242

1.392

1.496

1.603

1.779

2.001

1.767

1.902

1.984

2.139

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Germany Greece Hungary

0.969

1.211

x 0.852

x 1.006

1.385

1.494

1.592

1.818

2.046

1.799

1.876

1.953

2.049

x ..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Japan

0.832

0.917

1.039

1.131

1.182

1.187

1.517

1.285

1.515

1.604

1.715

..

Korea

1.014

1.087

1.192

1.394

1.564

1.640

1.540

1.241

1.479

1.527

1.673

..

Luxembourg

0.724

0.877

1.124

Mexico

0.591

0.538

0.537

Netherlands New Zealand

x 0.476

x 0.610

x 0.771

.. 0.585 x 0.929

.. 0.610 x 1.007

.. 0.635 x 1.135

.. 0.648 x 1.271

.. 0.565 x 1.002

.. 0.651 x 1.273

.. 0.692 x 1.403

.. 0.731 x 1.535

.. .. x ..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United Kingdom

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States OECD Europe Total OECD

0.355

0.412

.. 0.463

.. 0.531

0.489 .. 0.614

0.600 .. 0.719

0.679 .. 0.794

0.739 .. 0.856

0.859 .. 0.991

0.619 .. 0.761

0.735 .. 0.891

0.762 .. 0.932

0.869 .. 1.039

.. .. ..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

352 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 11 Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline prices in USD/litre 2002 Australia

2003

x

x

2004 x

2005 x

2006 x

2007 x

2008 x

2009 x

2010 x

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* x

x

x

Austria

0.905

1.085

1.281

1.410

1.502

1.693

1.944

1.659

1.760

1.817

2.000

2.213

Belgium

0.992

1.200

1.446

1.627

1.726

1.919

2.160

1.857

1.961

2.038

2.166

..

Canada

0.503

0.592

0.699

0.843

0.949

1.040

1.178

0.931

1.118

1.181

1.307

..

Chile

0.589

0.663

0.820

0.988

1.153

1.212

1.238

0.972

1.294

1.392

1.470

..

Czech Republic

0.848

1.011

1.185

1.331

1.437

1.569

1.902

1.533

1.772

1.857

1.992

..

Denmark

1.063

1.283

1.438

1.554

1.663

1.843

2.071

1.842

1.970

2.051

2.207

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

1.037

1.263

1.452

1.538

1.650

1.822

2.139

1.837

1.943

2.016

2.157

..

France

0.977

1.172

1.347

1.493

1.600

1.790

2.034

1.729

1.830

1.908

2.069

..

Germany

1.025

1.279

1.460

1.579

1.694

1.921

2.148

1.894

1.961

2.035

2.138

..

Greece Hungary

x 0.899

x 1.078

x 1.239

x 1.349

x 1.361

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

0.773

0.919

x 1.140

x 1.368

x

x

1.157 x 1.612 x

1.312 x 1.747 x

1.385 x 1.848 x

1.563 x 2.086 x

1.748 x 2.317 x

1.467 x 1.940 x

1.576

1.642

1.749

..

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

Norway

1.161

1.368

1.534

1.725

1.821

2.040

2.257

1.930

2.171

2.236

2.261

..

Poland

0.837

0.926

1.076

1.294

1.340

1.592

1.882

1.402

1.596

1.669

1.769

..

Portugal

0.867

1.155

1.364

1.510

1.699

1.930

2.169

1.830

1.902

1.976

2.153

..

Slovak Republic

0.719

0.928

1.172

1.282

1.418

1.649

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 1.592 ..

x 1.487 ..

x 1.625 ..

x 1.708 ..

x 1.761 ..

x .. ..

Sweden

0.996

1.211

1.403

1.518

1.613

1.763

1.974

1.641

1.856

1.964

2.162

..

Switzerland

0.870

1.011

1.160

1.261

1.345

1.441

1.697

1.435

1.620

1.722

1.873

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

1.197

1.329

1.572

1.698

1.803

2.009

2.078

1.648

1.912

1.997

2.179

..

United States

0.404

0.462

0.539

0.652

0.733

0.795

0.923

0.682

0.798

0.826

0.933

..

OECD Europe

1.033

1.228

1.424

1.555

1.658

1.866

2.067

1.735

Total OECD

0.529

0.610

0.706

0.818

0.900

0.980

1.119

0.864

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 0.981

.. 1.020

.. 1.133

.. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 353

Table 12 Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline prices in USD/litre 2002 Australia

2003

..

..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

1.000

1.080

1.249

1.075

1.253

1.346

1.496

Austria

0.824

0.995

1.178

1.284

1.368

1.535

1.768

1.451

1.574

1.641

1.794

Belgium

0.923

1.150

1.417

1.590

1.698

1.896

2.129

1.828

1.928

2.004

2.133

Canada

0.477

0.560

0.672

0.816

0.916

1.011

1.147

0.906

1.099

1.161

1.297

.. 1.451

Chile

0.589

0.664

0.812

0.981

1.133

1.182

1.217

0.941

1.247

1.331

Czech Republic

0.751

0.882

1.039

1.189

1.311

1.454

1.776

1.431

1.670

1.759

1.886

..

Denmark

1.039

1.249

1.402

1.506

1.613

1.790

2.013

1.778

1.910

1.990

2.144

..

0.990

1.087

1.202

1.524

1.279

1.472

1.532

1.664

Estonia

..

..

..

..

.. 2.007

..

1.773

Finland

1.013

1.238

1.417

1.505

1.616

1.778

2.080

1.784

1.893

1.963

2.086

France

0.956

1.149

1.318

1.442

1.552

1.743

1.983

1.677

1.780

1.853

2.019

Germany

0.988

1.235

1.411

1.519

1.617

1.837

2.051

1.799

1.877

1.953

2.063

..

Greece

0.693

0.836

1.009

1.096

1.214

1.387

1.623

1.395

1.880

2.050

2.219

..

Hungary

0.864

1.038

1.183

1.306

1.321

1.507

1.702

1.408

1.628

1.698

1.848

Ireland

0.806

0.984

1.184

1.292

1.402

1.529

1.791

1.528

1.723

1.785

1.917

Israel

0.895

1.010

1.103

1.209

1.319

1.444

1.771

1.511

1.770

1.846

Italy

0.988

1.198

1.399

1.515

1.612

1.778

2.017

1.711

1.805

1.870

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 2.026 ..

.. 2.199

2.081 .. .. .. ..

1.401

1.652

1.706

1.839

..

Luxembourg

0.729

0.879

1.124

1.270

1.358

1.537

1.722

1.438

1.540

1.608

1.716

..

Mexico

0.664

0.613

0.632

0.685

0.720

0.776

0.804

0.699

0.776

0.804

0.839

..

Netherlands

1.078

1.310

1.555

1.680

1.775

1.999

2.247

1.866

1.990

2.067

2.198

..

New Zealand

0.499

0.641

0.810

0.968

1.049

1.178

1.317

1.049

1.335

1.467

1.602

..

Norway

1.122

1.324

1.481

1.678

1.786

1.994

2.218

1.889

2.099

2.168

2.180

..

Poland

0.782

0.862

1.023

1.234

1.283

1.522

1.783

1.322

1.509

1.574

1.692

..

Portugal

0.827

1.090

1.283

1.424

1.605

1.812

2.029

1.716

1.817

1.889

2.066

..

Slovak Republic

0.664

0.855

1.092

1.201

1.333

1.541

1.814

1.554

1.657

1.724

1.925

..

1.142

1.249

1.410

1.561

1.459

1.592

1.671

1.746

1.186

1.280

1.417

1.619

1.392

1.542

1.621

1.766

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.767

.. 0.923

.. 1.080

.. 1.934

Sweden

0.957

1.164

1.356

1.466

1.559

1.724

1.910

1.594

1.809

1.919

2.090

..

Switzerland

0.831

0.976

1.128

1.226

1.311

1.403

1.647

1.388

1.570

1.666

1.819

..

Turkey

0.976

1.201

1.374

1.890

1.942

2.215

2.471

2.018

2.456

2.557

2.541

..

United Kingdom

1.100

1.241

1.469

1.576

1.680

1.888

1.960

1.548

1.805

1.882

2.070

..

United States

0.380

0.438

0.515

0.626

0.706

0.768

0.891

0.651

0.766

0.794

0.900

..

OECD Europe

0.957

1.147

1.335

1.457

1.554

1.741

1.946

1.633

1.801

1.881

2.024

..

Total OECD

0.530

0.611

0.706

0.814

0.894

0.977

1.110

0.873

1.006

1.048

1.155

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

354 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 13 Automotive LPG for commercial use in USD/litre 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic

0.271

0.330

..

..

.. 0.278

.. 0.342

0.395 .. .. 0.442

Denmark

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

Finland France

.. 0.390

.. 0.508

.. 0.586

0.422 .. .. 0.495 .. 0.473 ..

0.507 .. .. 0.559 .. 0.576 ..

0.582 .. .. 0.596 .. 0.628 ..

0.688 .. .. 0.781 .. 0.810 ..

0.531 .. .. 0.561 .. 0.634 ..

0.645 .. .. 0.638 .. 0.696 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

0.733 .. .. 0.698 .. 0.717 ..

0.767 .. .. 0.814 .. 0.857 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.925 ..

0.667

0.745

0.814

0.932

0.785

0.814

0.874

0.952

1.043

0.570

0.611

0.670

0.788

0.685

0.695

0.738

0.844

0.900

Germany

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

0.409

0.510

0.559

0.590

0.676

0.715

0.830

0.652

0.729

0.778

Japan

0.477

0.529

0.566

0.581

0.617

0.640

0.881

0.771

0.896

0.939

Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

.. 0.307

.. 0.397

.. 0.340

.. 0.414

.. 0.457 .. 0.484

.. 0.507 .. 0.532

.. 0.556 .. 0.599

.. 0.637 .. 0.682

.. 0.734 .. 0.830

.. 0.578 .. 0.674

.. 0.686 .. 0.717

.. 0.767 .. 0.789

0.893 .. .. 0.801 .. 0.824

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

0.304

0.386

0.474

0.539

Slovak Republic

0.219

0.333

0.420

0.479

0.636

0.574

0.614

0.315

0.428

0.502

0.666

0.529

0.588

0.668

0.821

0.629

0.758

0.822

0.900

0.583

0.666

0.680

0.720

0.572

0.681

0.711

0.792

0.330

0.425

0.498

..

0.731

0.568

Spain

..

0.663

0.523 ..

..

0.603

0.446 ..

..

0.483

0.365 ..

..

0.739

Portugal Slovenia

..

0.594

..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.847

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

..

United Kingdom

0.540 ..

0.657 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

0.714

1.164

1.352

1.092

1.366

1.470

1.437

..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 355

Table 14 Automotive LPG for non-commercial use in USD/litre 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

0.429

0.456

0.540

0.467

0.540

Austria

..

..

..

..

Belgium Canada

0.328

0.399

..

..

0.478 ..

0.509 ..

.. 0.614 ..

.. 0.704 ..

.. 0.832 ..

.. 0.643 ..

.. 0.781 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* 0.600 .. 0.887 ..

Chile

0.381

0.444

0.545

0.647

0.753

0.830

1.001

0.795

0.974

1.041

Czech Republic

0.339

0.418

0.530

0.589

0.666

0.709

0.929

0.667

0.766

0.837

Denmark

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

Finland France

.. 0.467

.. 0.608

.. 0.702

Germany

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

Hungary

0.483

0.594

..

.. 0.558 ..

.. 0.679 ..

.. 0.741 ..

.. 0.956 ..

.. 0.754 ..

.. 0.834 ..

.. 0.859 ..

0.735 .. 0.928 .. .. 0.977 .. 1.028 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.109 ..

0.798

0.891

0.973

1.114

0.939

0.973

1.045

1.138

1.247

0.665

0.709

0.797

0.937

0.815

0.826

0.878

1.004

1.072

.. 0.750

.. 0.797

.. 0.911

.. 1.042

.. 0.773

.. 0.886

.. 0.984

.. 1.078

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.188 .. ..

Italy

0.491

0.611

0.671

0.708

0.812

0.858

0.995

0.783

0.875

0.933

Japan

0.507

0.561

0.600

0.614

0.651

0.674

0.924

0.823

0.949

0.996

0.476

0.588

0.706

0.786

0.833

0.915

0.652

0.824

0.837

0.955

..

0.420

0.484

0.537

0.590

0.675

0.779

0.613

0.727

0.813

0.849

..

Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

.. 0.329 .. 0.405

.. 0.493

.. 0.576

.. 0.633

.. 0.713

.. 0.947

.. 0.988

.. 0.802

.. 0.853

.. 0.939

1.072

..

..

.. 0.981

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

.. ..

.. .. .. ..

0.371

0.471

0.578

0.657

0.725

0.901

0.589

0.735

0.809

0.900

..

Portugal

0.431

0.531

0.622

0.692

0.744

0.814

0.981

0.795

0.897

0.941

1.065

..

Slovak Republic

0.250

0.379

0.500

0.569

0.757

0.860

0.902

0.595

0.695

0.751

0.914

..

0.634

0.706

0.801

0.985

0.755

0.909

0.986

1.080

0.676

0.773

0.789

0.836

0.663

0.797

0.839

0.934

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.383

.. 0.493

.. 0.578

.. 1.000

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

1.315 ..

1.575 ..

1.298 ..

1.627 ..

1.731 ..

1.729 ..

.. ..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

356 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 15 Natural gas prices for industry in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

..

559.8

417.4

354.9

391.5

..

..

Canada

125.3

210.1

223.7

291.1

272.0

216.1

352.3

172.6

160.1

148.8

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

173.6

203.5

217.4

292.5

402.3

391.7

614.1

528.0

530.5

577.3

540.4

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

752.1

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

449.9

392.2

..

..

Czech Republic

..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

423.9

428.7

Finland

126.9

158.7

170.3

190.2

248.1

267.9

372.2

332.8

350.4

374.6

475.2

..

France

182.5

241.8

262.2

330.2

412.2

414.1

607.3

438.9

484.4

526.7

521.4

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

Greece

181.0

221.5

232.3

312.4

Hungary

143.7

235.7

287.7

345.6

Ireland

183.8

232.7

291.7

374.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

643.9

441.2

517.6

514.4

558.2

..

451.1

584.2

753.0

611.4

465.9

c

616.2

483.5

..

..

Italy

c

c

300.4

351.8

454.2

491.1

357.2

384.8

392.3

401.5

435.5

454.0

341.8

392.3

495.3

550.8

Korea

..

..

Luxembourg

..

.. 205.3

.. 300.7

..

.. 441.4

Israel

Japan

..

.. ..

.. 357.1

..

.. 343.2

..

.. 347.1

.. 431.2

.. 461.5

.. 487.2

.. ..

c

c

c

c

c

c

646.5

557.7

483.0

492.7

..

..

..

..

..

499.5

479.5

610.3

437.7

464.4

449.7

433.1

..

..

.. 622.9

.. 667.7

.. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

122.7

Netherlands

164.5

222.4

..

..

..

446.6

537.6

502.6

413.9

432.8

..

..

New Zealand

93.6

142.3

176.9

222.7

242.5

278.3

239.6

231.6

234.0

224.0

..

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

173.1

175.9

179.4

224.7

294.2

375.0

531.7

432.7

454.8

486.0

474.5

..

Portugal

238.1

287.6

285.8

340.3

399.0

428.8

547.9

484.1

555.5

705.5

Slovak Republic

132.8

220.6

243.0

287.5

379.0

420.3

622.4

516.7

534.7

558.4

554.5

..

..

..

655.5

570.9

600.2

612.0

616.5

..

380.3

486.6

433.8

390.4

401.9

409.6

..

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland

.. 165.5

.. 204.0

.. 279.2

.. 320.3

.. 215.6 .. 352.4

254.2 .. 402.6

354.9

609.3

776.5

585.4

662.7

709.5

..

..

576.6

745.4

704.3

661.6

743.4

786.7

..

402.1

..

215.4

229.0

230.3

304.5

352.7

440.8

572.9

467.6

407.3

420.5

146.5

164.6

202.7

298.8

383.5

333.0

446.0

323.7

303.3

343.1

United States

154.4

223.8

252.0

325.2

302.0

293.8

371.3

202.8

207.4

187.8

.. 157.7

.. 221.0

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 253.6

.. 320.1

..

..

United Kingdom

Total OECD

..

487.6

Turkey

OECD Europe

..

.. 334.6

.. 335.5

.. 219.7

.. ..

559.4

461.0

428.2

456.6

..

..

433.1

291.2

283.3

280.5

..

..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 357

Table 16 Natural gas prices for electricity generation in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Canada

144.7

174.8

171.9

225.3

218.7

265.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

168.7

197.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

Finland

..

109.0

..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

240.5

340.1

302.2

321.2

344.7

345.9

..

France

..

136.2 ..

145.6 ..

165.4 ..

223.0 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Hungary

188.9

216.8

251.3

285.9

391.9

494.1

623.7

513.8

..

..

..

..

Ireland

150.6

168.3

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

177.4

186.3

240.0

230.5

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan

..

..

Korea

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

Mexico

122.7

205.3

.. 292.8 .. 275.0

.. 366.9 .. 363.8

.. 477.1 .. 339.6

.. 489.7 .. 316.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

675.6

452.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

422.9

198.1

233.0

203.0

226.6

.. ..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

Portugal

..

Slovak Republic

131.8

181.4

205.9

249.2

314.2

375.1

312.9

323.6

349.9

..

..

194.1

242.0

291.8

355.1

371.4

519.3

379.4

389.5

439.4

..

..

220.6

243.0

287.5

379.0

420.3

719.0

660.9

398.7

408.9

511.1

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

398.3

..

Turkey

214.3

223.0

227.9

301.2

349.4

438.9

572.0

466.3

396.9

408.8

United Kingdom

106.3

129.5

162.1

214.6

274.8

287.7

350.1

254.5

262.4

312.1

United States

140.5

213.1

235.7

325.9

274.6

281.5

362.4

185.9

201.4

186.2

208.4

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

358 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 17 Natural gas prices for households in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) 2002 Australia Austria

2003

2004

2005

2006

..

..

..

..

..

379.3

590.6

686.2

729.6

785.0

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

936.5 1024.3 1042.1

946.6

971.8

976.9

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

1117.1

905.9

872.9

953.5

..

..

Canada

236.2

339.8

361.4

421.0

481.6

483.5

505.1

397.9

430.8

369.7

..

..

Chile

682.7

566.7

645.8

819.3

884.1

972.3 1372.3 1109.4 1359.0

1451.6

..

..

Czech Republic

274.7

322.4

352.6

429.1

543.5

577.6

Denmark

720.0

895.1 1052.9 1252.6

..

..

..

..

..

606.3

Estonia

..

..

..

..

848.9

815.0

797.3

857.0

894.6

..

1330.6 1449.4

1505.2

1603.9

..

653.3

..

..

612.7

598.4

Finland

201.6

251.0

269.8

298.1

352.3

383.6

520.6

474.4

496.5

529.6

659.9

..

France

425.6

521.6

544.3

590.5

706.9

785.7

920.4

847.9

864.0

926.2

933.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1000.2 1214.2 1041.7 1084.7

924.0

913.5

..

Germany Greece

..

..

..

..

..

303.3

392.1

423.6

600.8

..

Hungary

175.8

243.5

224.6

245.1

298.4

716.9

..

..

..

..

Ireland

376.2

503.5

570.0

657.7

917.0 1099.4 1033.9 1017.1

822.8

801.4

794.9

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

778.3

823.4

Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico

..

615.4 ..

748.8

..

..

..

..

936.6 1016.2 1152.7 1059.5 1093.6

1254.5

..

..

1086.8 1194.8 1270.9 1245.6 1238.9 1236.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

454.3

527.8

641.5

712.6

634.0

578.7

655.5

669.1

715.2

..

272.7

342.5

367.7

477.5

558.7

..

869.3

711.8

673.7

..

..

..

..

..

545.9

631.9

622.2

631.5

447.8

420.6

453.4

456.6

467.9

..

Netherlands

457.1

602.4

682.5

800.4

899.7 1031.3 1239.9 1162.6 1001.2

1057.7

1057.4

..

New Zealand

261.3

387.0

622.3

776.9

742.8

1124.5

..

..

981.2 1118.0

937.4 1009.5

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

336.9

339.9

369.5

443.2

554.4

688.5

933.3

801.8

772.9

783.6

769.4

..

Portugal

651.1

794.0

909.1

963.5 1018.3 1075.0 1066.4

959.7

942.2

993.9

..

..

Slovak Republic

125.7

228.9

351.5

419.2

553.7

657.0

780.3

703.7

721.1

766.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1060.3 1008.9

962.7

1063.7

1071.6

..

496.9

594.2

643.3

684.7

756.9

859.1

900.2

958.8

.. ..

Slovenia Spain Sweden

785.6

867.9 1026.8

925.9

..

..

..

..

..

1472.3 1690.6 1499.0 1636.5

1739.9

..

Switzerland

494.7

562.6

613.0

670.7

765.3

880.2 1093.5 1026.6 1015.7

1127.4

1164.6

..

Turkey

254.6

265.4

260.2

362.0

415.4

519.6

659.2

569.0

526.4

540.0

504.1

..

United Kingdom

317.2

351.6

423.3

481.8

643.3

753.7

825.8

799.9

745.2

762.8

..

..

United States

303.8

365.5

412.8

492.1

528.2

500.7

533.5

459.5

429.5

405.5

389.5

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

945.4

881.1

..

..

..

..

351.1

417.6

491.2

559.5

630.5

654.1

701.6

630.6

606.8

614.3

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 359

Table 18 Steam coal prices for industry in USD/tonne 2002 Australia Austria

.. 74.1

2003 .. 86.3

2004 .. 168.6

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

175.9

178.5

199.9

245.6

239.8

232.8

240.2

268.0

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

31.3

32.6

53.3

55.2

53.7

56.8

97.6

79.9

70.2

73.7

..

..

Czech Rep.**

18.1

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

84.1

98.8

122.5

France

97.0

115.8

127.6

130.4

145.0

216.7

167.2

168.6

180.0

299.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

41.4

42.3

63.5

73.3

69.2

85.8

143.7

114.0

112.0

115.3

..

..

Japan

38.4

36.0

53.5

64.7

69.3

78.0

133.4

120.9

114.6

114.1

..

..

Korea

49.9

55.1

54.6

63.0

57.6

71.0

117.7

88.7

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

39.9

45.1

52.0

61.3

65.0

78.1

105.3

94.4

96.4

105.1

..

..

Portugal

34.7

41.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

52.8

64.5

94.4

94.3

95.4

.. 125.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

216.4

137.9

155.4

162.2

194.4

..

87.7

Turkey**

42.2

44.6

40.8

47.8

48.6

69.8

92.6

84.4

83.7

85.4

United Kingdom

58.3

63.0

77.8

89.3

88.9

101.7

117.0

99.5

117.0

129.2

United States

37.0

37.7

43.3

52.1

57.0

60.0

70.0

71.5

70.5

69.1

OECD Europe Total OECD

.. 41.0

.. 42.9

.. 72.4

.. .. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

49.4

58.7

61.8

69.5

96.1

88.5

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Brown coal price for the Czech Republic and Turkey.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

360 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 19 Steam coal prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne 2002 Australia

..

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

Austria

52.7

64.5

81.3

87.5

92.7

96.2

122.1

133.5

Belgium

34.5

35.9

72.5

80.3

63.2

75.5

130.5

76.8

..

..

..

..

Canada

19.2

21.0

20.3

24.5

26.3

27.8

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

Chile

..

2003

..

..

..

..

117.7

117.4

156.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

8.5

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

44.0

48.3

67.0

72.1

74.3

83.7

142.9

97.1

101.7

111.4

124.2

..

France

42.9

42.4

63.6

74.9

72.9

83.9

136.1

113.9

108.3

111.9

Germany

45.7

50.0

70.0

79.7

78.0

90.3

152.6

110.1

117.8

132.5

142.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Rep.**

Greece** Hungary** Ireland

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

35.5

67.2

70.1

61.3

83.4

99.5

113.7

83.4

103.6

130.4

..

..

Italy

.. 39.6

.. 40.9 ..

Korea

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

Mexico***

..

..

37.5

Israel

Japan

..

..

.. 61.1 ..

..

..

..

126.1

122.7

96.9

104.0

..

..

72.7

67.9

85.0

140.1

102.9

107.7

114.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

55.1

51.6

60.3

91.0

82.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

47.6

33.7

32.1

37.1

41.0

42.3

45.9

52.4

51.1

54.6

56.3

56.6

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

32.2

36.2

40.0

47.5

51.4

57.7

79.2

80.4

78.5

81.2

..

..

Portugal

32.3

38.4

57.5

67.6

58.3

76.4

141.3

81.4

88.3

98.5

98.5

..

Slovak Republic**

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey**

15.2

19.0

25.9

25.2

24.8

27.7

32.3

32.1

36.4

38.8

38.7

..

United Kingdom

44.5

45.9

59.7

65.6

70.0

82.4

120.1

84.9

96.2

107.5

United States

28.7

29.1

30.9

35.3

38.8

40.5

47.3

50.5

51.8

51.4

OECD Europe

35.7

42.4

57.1

64.1

64.5

74.5

113.5

88.1

92.9

101.3

..

..

Total OECD

30.8

31.8

37.0

42.0

44.6

48.7

62.4

59.9

59.8

61.1

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Brown coal price for the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Slovak Republic (from 2002 onwards) and Turkey. *** Sub-bituminous coal for Mexico.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 53.8

.. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 361

Table 20 Coking coal prices for industry in USD/tonne 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

61.0

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

330.1

..

Czech Republic

Finland

109.8

126.0

158.6

196.6

203.2

225.8

382.5

287.4

288.7

327.7

France

60.4

62.1

74.9

110.5

133.2

124.4

216.4

205.7

217.8

259.6

..

Germany

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

57.9

60.3

76.9

103.5

112.1

118.0

189.9

144.4

176.4

192.5

..

..

Japan

45.8

160.5

152.2

..

45.7

65.0

97.5

105.0

101.3

206.8

194.5

..

..

Korea

..

..

68.5

109.9

113.4

103.8

232.9

159.7

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

47.8

52.4

96.1

115.4

95.2

111.9

223.7

130.7

189.5

222.2

..

..

Portugal

32.6

38.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

75.2

80.5

103.5

129.0

140.8

174.7

225.4

235.0

237.1

249.3

231.0

..

Turkey United Kingdom United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

56.5

55.9

67.8

92.4

102.8

104.8

130.3

158.2

160.8

161.7

169.4

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

362 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 21 Electricity prices for industry in USD/kWh

Australia Austria Belgium Canada

2002

2003

2004

0.049

0.054

0.061

.. .. 0.039

..

0.096

.. 0.047

.. 0.049

2005 .. 0.102 ..

2006 .. 0.109 ..

2007 .. 0.134 ..

2008 .. 0.154

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.139

0.139

0.125

0.055

0.059

0.063

0.070

0.059

0.070

0.127 ..

..

..

..

..

Chile

0.041

0.043

0.050

0.065

0.076

0.096

0.145

0.132

0.140

0.134

Czech Rep.

0.049

0.056

0.066

0.081

0.094

0.115

0.151

0.148

0.144

0.151

0.160

..

Denmark

0.070

0.092

0.096

0.093

0.097

0.101

0.130

0.111

0.114

0.126

0.117

..

0.080

0.084

0.093

0.099

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.043

0.065

0.072

0.070

0.081

0.097

0.097

0.095

0.097

0.107

..

France

0.037

0.045

0.050

0.050

0.051

0.092

0.105

0.107

0.106

0.103

0.121

..

Germany

0.049

0.065

0.077

0.084

0.094

0.109

Greece

0.046

0.056

0.063

0.067

Hungary

0.059

0.078

0.092

0.096

0.105

Ireland

0.075

0.094

0.096

0.099

0.122

Israel

0.062

0.066

0.071

0.080

Italy

0.113

0.147

0.161

0.174

Japan

0.115

0.122

0.127

Korea

0.047

0.051

0.053

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands

.. 0.056

0.062

.. 0.077

..

..

..

..

..

0.134

0.170

0.160

0.149

0.186

0.169

0.137

0.150

0.078

0.082

0.112

0.097

0.087

0.088

0.210

0.237

0.290

0.276

0.258

0.266

0.256

..

0.123

0.117

0.116

0.139

0.158

0.154

0.168

0.165

..

0.059

0.065

0.069

0.060

0.058

0.123

0.145

0.122

0.126

0.086

0.104

0.103

0.141

0.123

0.126

0.088

.. 0.108 ..

.. .. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.112

..

0.122

0.140

0.061

0.060

0.068

0.071

Norway

0.031

0.046

0.043

0.043

0.055

0.048

0.064

0.059

0.074

0.075

0.082

..

Poland

0.049

0.056

0.060

0.070

0.073

0.082

0.119

0.120

0.120

0.125

0.127

..

Portugal

0.068

0.083

0.093

0.098

0.110

0.129

0.131

0.127

0.120

0.125

Slovak Republic

0.047

0.070

0.083

0.086

0.098

0.137

0.174

0.195

0.169

0.171

0.177

0.130

0.134

0.121

0.128

0.129

0.125

0.103

Sweden Switzerland

0.048 .. 0.070

0.054

.. 0.060

.. 0.079

.. 0.084

.. 0.083 .. 0.081

c

0.102

..

..

0.051

..

c

0.099

..

..

0.121

0.046

Spain

c

.. 0.114

0.033

..

c

.. 0.114

..

..

.. 0.112

..

..

New Zealand

Slovenia

c

..

..

..

..

.. 0.091 .. 0.080

.. 0.090

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.076

0.095

0.083

0.096

0.101

0.094

0.094

0.102

0.120

0.124 0.144

0.094

0.099

0.100

0.106

0.100

0.109

0.139

0.138

0.151

0.155

United Kingdom

0.052

0.055

0.067

0.087

0.117

0.130

0.146

0.134

0.121

0.124

United States**

0.048

0.051

0.053

0.057

0.062

0.064

0.068

0.068

0.068

0.067

OECD Europe

0.059

0.073

0.082

0.091

0.106

0.119

0.146

0.139

Total OECD

0.059

0.067

0.073

0.079

0.086

0.094

0.107

0.104

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. ..

0.084

Turkey

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Price excluding tax for the United States.

.. ..

.. 0.107

..

.. 0.066

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 363

Table 22 Electricity prices for households in USD/kWh 2002

2003

2004

Australia

0.067

0.082

0.098

Austria

0.130

0.152

0.177

Belgium Canada

.. 0.054

.. 0.061

.. 0.068

2005 .. 0.174 ..

2006 .. 0.174 ..

2007 .. 0.214 ..

2008 .. 0.257

2009 .. 0.256

2010 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

0.258

0.262 0.240

0.266

0.233

0.232

0.076

0.082

0.089

0.090

0.085

0.095

..

.. 0.264

.. ..

..

..

..

..

Chile

0.080

0.084

0.097

0.120

0.136

0.166

0.231

0.214

0.229

0.222

Czech Rep.

0.076

0.085

0.097

0.106

0.122

0.146

0.191

0.192

0.186

0.194

0.209

..

Denmark

0.209

0.256

0.283

0.295

0.322

0.344

0.396

0.365

0.356

0.366

0.395

..

0.117

0.124

0.127

0.133

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.085

0.112

0.123

0.121

0.128

0.145

0.172

0.174

0.175

0.187

0.207

..

France

0.105

0.127

0.142

0.142

0.144

0.156

0.164

0.159

0.157

0.163

0.168

..

Germany

0.136

0.176

0.198

0.212

0.222

0.263

0.323

0.323

0.325

0.337

..

..

Greece

0.077

0.096

0.107

0.112

0.157

0.152

0.158

0.164

..

..

Hungary

0.080

0.102

0.134

0.146

0.144

0.188

0.224

0.206

Ireland

0.107

0.146

0.173

0.193

0.199

0.244

0.267

0.255

0.233

0.240

Israel

0.092

0.106

0.110

0.119

0.114

0.124

0.156

0.137

0.140

0.143

Italy

0.156

0.186

0.191

0.198

0.226

0.258

0.305

0.284

0.263

0.267

0.270

..

Japan

0.174

0.186

0.196

0.189

0.178

0.176

0.206

0.228

0.232

0.248

0.241

..

Korea

0.070

0.074

0.079

0.089

0.098

0.102

0.089

0.077

0.083

0.083

0.086

..

Luxembourg

0.112

0.143

0.147

0.187

0.183

0.231

0.215

0.236

0.215

Mexico

0.092

0.091

0.090

0.097

0.101

0.093

0.096

0.080

0.089

..

..

..

..

..

.. 0.236 ..

..

.. .. ..

..

0.092

0.105

..

0.233

..

Netherlands

0.155

0.194

0.221

0.236

0.258

0.285

0.243

0.258

0.221

0.226

New Zealand

0.071

0.095

0.120

0.136

0.133

0.161

0.164

0.151

0.182

0.198

Norway

0.081

0.124

0.117

0.122

0.156

0.132

0.151

0.133

0.176

0.200

0.203

..

Poland

0.084

0.095

0.103

0.121

0.132

0.151

0.193

0.167

0.179

0.190

0.197

..

Portugal

0.127

0.156

0.175

0.180

0.184

0.214

0.220

0.215

0.215

0.226

Slovak Republic

0.067

0.104

0.134

0.141

0.156

0.188

0.220

0.231

0.213

0.210

0.225

0.168

0.183

0.186

0.192

0.196

0.218

0.212

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland

.. 0.114 .. 0.117

.. 0.137

.. 0.152

.. 0.133

.. 0.143

.. 0.154 .. 0.139

.. 0.165 .. 0.132

.. 0.187

..

..

0.196

0.218

0.194

0.218

0.233

0.136

0.154

0.164

0.180

0.194

..

..

.. .. 0.210

..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

Turkey

0.099

0.106

0.111

0.118

0.111

0.122

0.165

0.165

0.184

0.190

0.176

..

United Kingdom

0.105

0.116

0.138

0.149

0.186

0.219

0.231

0.206

0.199

0.203

0.206

..

United States**

0.085

0.087

0.090

0.094

0.104

0.107

0.113

0.115

0.116

0.115

0.111

..

OECD Europe

0.116

0.141

0.157

0.164

0.179

0.202

0.229

0.219

0.220

0.228

Total OECD

0.100

0.111

0.119

0.124

0.132

0.141

0.157

0.156

0.156

0.164

.. 0.150

.. ..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Price excluding tax for the United States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 365

E. ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN USD/toe (converted using exchange rates)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

366 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 High sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/toe 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

164.5

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

207.6

244.6

259.9

347.6

383.1

459.1

595.3

450.1

574.6

596.5

716.1

.. ..

Chile

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

146.2

154.0

174.9

217.4

303.4

299.5

459.9

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

Finland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

France

180.1

214.6

222.0

310.4

368.0

418.3

569.9

440.3

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

252.3

262.0

343.0

394.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

171.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

261.4

318.9

347.5

441.5

525.6

467.0

471.9

383.0

490.2

518.5

933.8

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

229.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

210.0

247.7

278.9

364.9

475.0

504.3

808.9

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

298.7

327.7

368.7

472.2

589.7

599.4

751.9

521.9

679.5

701.7

800.7

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

118.3

138.1

143.0

178.5

252.0

255.8

423.9

298.7

406.0

407.2

453.5

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

185.2

235.2

271.2

414.6

383.6

421.9

562.8

422.1

571.5

539.9

618.8

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

133.8

163.3

177.2

259.8

314.9

361.6

497.1

366.3

489.4

513.4

599.5

..

Portugal

232.5

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

196.3

245.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

275.8

317.1

360.6

567.8

667.8

818.8 1040.8

836.1

969.5

995.0

1099.2

..

United Kingdom

205.9

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

158.8

196.0

206.8

296.3

342.9

388.5

559.1

372.7

483.5

510.3

610.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

216.0

249.7

268.0

360.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 367

Table 2 Low sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

..

..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

Austria

184.4

233.9

276.9

368.7

436.6

494.7

700.1

508.5

626.1

641.5

745.5

Belgium

156.7

223.3

220.1

315.1

359.5

414.0

635.1

430.0

549.5

566.2

667.1

Canada Chile

..

..

..

..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. 873.1 .. .. ..

Czech Republic

157.1

176.8

201.5

258.5

348.2

354.8

539.2

372.7

442.3

440.5

505.7

..

Denmark

245.4

319.7

293.7

400.4

450.6

505.3

647.5

515.1

682.4

701.8

746.5

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

229.7

284.1

305.8

409.7

460.4

514.6

703.1

536.5

649.8

675.7

France

193.6

234.0

238.5

332.2

382.1

432.6

602.5

451.3

558.3

572.6

680.7

Germany

176.1

214.8

221.6

309.1

378.9

402.0

603.9

445.9

531.8

553.4

646.0

..

Greece

218.0

277.7

289.5

373.9

422.3

494.7

671.8

508.1

616.5

634.1

744.4

..

Hungary

191.2

231.4

347.7

405.6

463.3

656.1

463.2

571.0

597.8

680.0

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

207.9

274.5

300.5

398.2

445.3

493.1

670.1

494.5

607.8

631.8

730.7

Japan

271.1

323.3

376.3

488.8

587.8

605.1

985.0

609.0

773.4

800.2

957.3

Korea

307.6

337.8

379.3

466.8

610.8

623.6

785.4

571.5

728.8

760.7

861.1

Luxembourg

174.6

223.0

217.8

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland

.. 212.6

.. 272.6

.. 457.6 ..

.. 285.0

.. c .. 1080.9 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

364.9

..

..

..

..

..

202.1

856.5

..

.. ..

.. 782.6

304.4

422.8

462.8

472.3

515.4

.. 377.1

.. 437.1

594.5

399.9

518.3

533.5

640.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

647.4

473.4

597.2

635.3

698.0

740.8 .. .. ..

Portugal

242.6

299.4

308.8

403.7

504.8

550.6

738.6

586.0

682.0

716.2

871.0

..

Slovak Republic

134.2

179.8

210.6

232.3

310.9

349.3

523.2

336.2

458.6

473.6

573.0

..

Slovenia Spain

.. 235.5

.. 288.0

.. 291.6

396.7

481.7

515.1

734.5

533.5

664.0

687.6

757.4

397.7

461.3

493.1

680.9

485.4

595.5

623.0

683.5

826.0

1281.0

1446.1

1577.8

688.8

792.2

Sweden

500.1

652.2

792.8

891.0

972.1 1080.0 1290.5 1024.9 1204.0

Switzerland

185.2

230.6

218.4

321.1

362.6

Turkey

..

United Kingdom

..

United States

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

219.8

.. 257.8 .. 275.2

..

..

.. 281.7 .. 294.0 ..

.. 380.3 .. 387.8 ..

.. 439.6 .. 446.6 ..

409.3 .. 583.6 .. 492.9 ..

650.8

468.0

665.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

..

672.7 ..

498.7 ..

606.4 ..

631.1 ..

728.3 ..

..

.. ..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

368 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in USD/toe 2002 Australia

..

Austria

100.4

Belgium

164.5

Canada

122.7

Chile Czech Republic

2003 .. 152.5 x 187.9

.. 146.2

.. 154.0

2004 .. 159.7 x 147.4 .. 174.9

2005 .. 189.8 x 206.7 .. 217.4

2006 .. 235.5 x 231.6 .. 303.4

2007 .. 229.5 x 272.2 .. 299.5

2008 .. 356.6

2009 .. 219.6

2010 .. 273.3

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* .. 281.8

.. 323.4

.. ..

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

459.9

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France Germany Greece

173.6

214.0

.. 160.2

.. 203.5

..

Hungary

164.7

Ireland

157.5

.. .. 197.9

228.7 .. 206.4 .. .. 215.0

332.6 .. 293.8 .. .. 300.2

382.5 .. 361.3 .. .. 362.0

429.5 .. 380.1 .. .. 357.8

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico

.. 298.7

.. 327.7

.. 116.7

.. 137.1

.. 368.7 .. 142.1

601.1 .. 583.8 .. .. 597.2 623.8 c

439.5 .. 428.8 ..

557.6 .. 513.4 ..

581.0 .. 527.2 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

425.1 c

517.0 c

661.9 c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 175.5

.. 249.7

.. 249.0

.. 437.9

.. 298.7

.. 406.7

.. 406.2

.. 447.2

.. ..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

Poland

133.8

163.3

180.6

256.7

330.3

388.3

536.8

400.8

Portugal

149.2

188.9

192.2

226.9

323.9

368.6

500.7

352.1

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

x

x

.. 235.5

.. 287.6

x

x

x

x

x

x

513.5

535.6

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

275.8

317.1

360.6

567.8

667.8

818.8 1040.8

836.1

969.5

995.0

United Kingdom

190.4

256.5

263.6

389.5

432.4

460.5

540.5

474.7

641.1

665.2

United States

154.1

200.0

203.8

293.3

327.1

360.1

573.4

371.0

529.3

594.7

1099.2 .. 632.1

.. .. ..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 369

Table 4 Light fuel oil prices for industry in USD/toe 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

397.2

496.4

602.6

701.2

805.0

792.9

682.7

877.6

938.3

1073.0

..

Belgium

261.9

342.2

450.8

621.2

694.6

764.9 1066.8

662.1

806.2

871.9

1013.5

..

Canada

258.4

322.7

417.0

596.9

664.1

745.7 1031.3

622.7

784.2

862.8

1036.8

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

263.4

325.1

483.1

654.6

707.0

738.2 1063.8

..

650.1

804.6

879.9

1018.4

..

Denmark

415.0

518.1

615.5

782.0

851.6

937.5 1194.1

852.3 1095.5

1241.1

1342.0

..

Estonia

..

..

..

609.4

689.0

762.7 1154.4

781.7

952.8

1019.4

1213.8

1296.2

Finland

325.5

417.0

519.6

682.0

760.8

820.9 1156.8

782.7

966.3

1065.3

1348.9

..

France

305.8

389.4

499.4

660.0

741.2

810.5 1115.1

711.2

877.5

958.5

1110.3

..

Germany

321.1

387.9

472.1

630.7

713.0

763.4 1052.9

689.3

808.3

872.3

1018.9

..

Greece

410.9

543.0

680.4

836.3

938.9 1031.8 1258.0

958.6 1045.1

900.2

1067.2

..

Hungary

820.2 1092.4

Ireland

365.6

Israel

..

..

..

452.7

541.9

703.8

808.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1131.8

1276.9

..

c

c

c

c

944.0 1109.5 1279.6 1378.4 1503.1 1867.7 1420.8 1531.6

1607.2

1764.5

..

Japan

294.0

342.0

405.9

784.8

824.3

978.8

..

Korea

626.5

761.0

937.7 1208.6 1388.2 1429.4 1589.9 1071.9 1306.8

1376.4

1559.1

..

Luxembourg

302.0

376.9

479.4

637.9

713.5

784.3 1090.4

686.8

826.3

891.9

1006.8

..

Mexico

159.3

189.2

208.0

278.8

336.7

358.9

382.0

498.4

503.5

589.0

..

602.0

614.9

c

..

772.4

530.8

..

..

822.3 1033.8

Italy

Netherlands

..

..

887.8 1199.4

996.3

525.5

c

609.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

286.0

317.0

358.3

446.6

520.9

568.2

777.4

510.7

675.1

720.2

821.7

..

Norway

556.1

709.2

791.2 1007.6

953.2 1047.0 1437.9 1036.2 1233.6

1297.2

1250.9

..

Poland

306.5

371.8

469.4

768.2

994.5

1139.7

..

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

674.6

843.3 1167.0 ..

729.4

909.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

249.9

320.0

368.6

560.4

679.5

700.8 1116.3

582.3

786.8

900.3

1099.4

..

..

..

..

679.5

749.8

816.8 1122.7

759.3

934.1

1003.0

1146.9

..

339.4

425.9

523.3

671.8

752.7

826.0 1156.9

749.1

883.3

942.3

1087.0

1191.4

Sweden

307.1

387.9

479.2

628.2

701.8

765.0 1020.9

643.0

806.1

885.3

1114.9

..

Switzerland

243.5

307.4

394.6

553.6

634.4

670.6 1008.8

600.3

804.9

886.1

1004.4

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

290.4

360.6

456.3

582.4

713.6

794.0 1083.0

..

756.3

912.8

1007.6

..

..

United States

205.0

260.1

333.0

478.9

542.6

613.1

812.4

489.6

635.0

693.7

817.7

..

OECD Europe

358.5

438.2

537.6

689.3

779.9

858.9 1169.1

798.7

952.4

1026.0

..

..

Total OECD

283.7

351.7

424.2

571.5

645.0

705.5

617.3

771.6

831.9

958.1

..

967.9

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

370 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 Light fuel oil prices for households in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

..

..

..

2009

2010

..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

414.7

511.9

682.2

872.1

988.1 1047.1 1461.4

990.3 1145.2

1227.7

1399.9

1554.5

Belgium

316.9

412.0

554.4

751.7

840.4

925.5 1290.8

801.1

975.5

1055.1

1226.2

..

Canada

367.8

475.3

560.4

750.1

842.3

919.3 1209.2

789.9

995.9

1053.5

1239.9

..

Chile

386.6

465.5

606.2

822.2

980.3 1033.4 1323.7

961.4 1105.6

1171.5

..

..

Czech Republic

384.8

470.4

661.3

864.4

931.9

878.6 1087.7

1183.6

1353.0

..

Denmark

804.3

992.8 1148.4 1362.5 1453.0 1595.9 1945.4 1496.0 1808.2

979.3 1384.4

1971.9

2101.0

..

Estonia

..

..

..

719.1

813.0

899.9 1362.1

930.0 1143.3

1223.3

1456.5

1555.4

Finland

397.1

508.7

633.9

832.0

928.2 1001.5 1411.3

954.9 1183.7

1310.3

1659.1

..

France

402.2

515.6

657.7

847.5

954.4 1037.7 1433.0

935.4 1106.4

1196.1

1389.8

1489.3

Germany

372.5

450.0

547.6

731.6

827.1

820.3

961.9

1038.1

1212.4

..

Greece

484.9

640.8

802.8

993.1 1117.2 1227.8 1497.1 1140.7 1272.5

1107.2

1312.6

..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

475.3

604.2

735.5

919.2 1039.1 1140.4 1503.0 1068.1 1290.0

1417.9

1581.8

..

Israel

432.0

565.9

742.4

943.1 1158.1 1361.3 1975.0 1532.6 1857.7

1946.9

..

..

Italy

926.9 1132.8 1331.4 1535.5 1654.0 1803.7 2241.2 1704.9 1837.9

1928.7

2117.4

..

Japan

439.6

498.2

574.7

860.7 1049.5

1130.6

1274.5

..

Korea

627.6

759.5

930.0 1203.1 1384.0 1419.1 1589.6 1073.8 1312.8

1380.6

1572.0

..

Luxembourg

321.7

402.1

523.0

696.7

781.1

..

..

..

..

..

635.1

799.0

..

..

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

x

700.0

x

908.4 1252.9

825.9

x

x

814.3 1239.5

749.3

906.5

979.5

1108.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

966.5 1188.8 1303.3 1422.9 1675.3 1092.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

858.8 1200.3

x

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

755.2

900.5 1004.7 1289.8 1220.2 1340.2 1840.7 1326.5 1579.2

1660.6

1601.4

..

Poland

430.9

503.0

621.3

876.4 1006.4 1096.0 1502.4

968.5 1157.4

1261.9

1439.1

..

..

..

723.8

885.3

984.8 1159.3 1596.8 1102.3 1273.5

282.1

385.3

..

..

..

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

..

..

..

1401.5

1574.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

815.4

899.8

980.2 1347.3

911.1 1121.0

1203.6

1376.3

..

393.7

494.1

607.0

779.3

873.2

958.2 1342.0

869.0 1037.9

1111.9

1282.7

1405.8 ..

Sweden

741.1

983.7 1226.6 1413.7 1523.9 1698.6 2068.1 1559.3 1815.3

1967.0

2193.8

Switzerland

300.2

373.4

936.6

1019.5

1173.2

..

Turkey

857.4 1041.2 1173.9 1640.7 1780.4 2033.6 2455.2 1771.6 1962.9

2084.2

2181.0

..

United Kingdom

275.0

349.2

463.0

640.7

776.3

921.7 1231.6

789.4

962.2

1032.3

1186.7

..

United States

352.1

414.0

465.4

618.6

713.2

803.4

740.4

870.7

926.6

1058.0

..

OECD Europe

439.4

536.9

667.6

854.6

944.7 1044.3 1383.8

929.2 1089.0

1156.1

1335.6

..

Total OECD

422.9

506.8

608.9

783.8

885.2

875.2 1034.4

1100.3

1264.3

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

464.2

643.7

721.4

768.4 1156.5

998.8

949.5 1273.8

725.3

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 371

Table 6 Automotive diesel oil prices for commercial use in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

650.2

747.7

859.0

931.7 1023.7 1129.2 1290.6 1027.7 1120.9

1188.7

1356.5

..

Belgium

634.3

793.4 1023.0 1200.2 1257.1 1391.4 1699.9 1317.0 1478.1

1585.5

1755.3

..

Canada

455.8

553.3

1189.0

1358.6

..

Chile

652.8

859.5

..

..

957.0 1034.7 1299.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

634.1

743.7

942.6 1139.5 1255.8 1386.1 1820.8 1348.2 1563.0

1663.3

1798.5

..

Denmark

801.1

959.2 1059.4 1189.1 1279.8 1410.7 1733.4 1356.8 1490.6

1573.9

1747.4

..

1452.6

1614.4

1663.4

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

Finland

680.9

840.4

970.0 1108.3 1181.4 1284.7 1702.2 1268.7 1373.1

1480.3

1669.4

..

France

694.8

856.7 1051.1 1214.4 1293.4 1429.0 1774.4 1329.7 1448.6

1534.0

1718.8

1840.3

Germany

791.6 1001.5 1164.4 1325.6 1401.5 1560.3 1898.4 1476.7 1583.4

1692.1

1861.3

..

Greece

557.8

685.0

875.1 1032.7 1130.2 1272.7 1664.5 1260.4 1509.0

1628.9

1783.4

..

Hungary

736.5

882.8 1019.1 1209.4 1268.7 1411.1 1758.0 1281.4 1459.1

1543.9

1723.4

1898.9

Ireland

677.7

842.9 1016.0 1200.2 1275.7 1372.4 1726.3 1315.8 1480.6

1576.8

1699.1

..

c

c

c

c

Israel

..

..

..

..

871.1 1091.7

..

950.1 1038.2 1129.6 1595.7 1188.7 1371.4

..

..

..

c

c

Italy

782.3

961.6 1130.9 1335.5 1418.3 1545.3 1903.1 1456.4 1559.6

1646.1

1811.0

..

Japan

564.8

631.3

728.6

836.5

895.0

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

581.3

Mexico

463.8

637.4

Netherlands

719.7

868.2 1078.8 1228.7 1318.8 1453.9 1818.9 1338.6 1499.0

New Zealand

314.1

379.1

882.1

Norway Poland

1240.4

1372.5

..

..

..

..

..

704.5

837.4 1023.0 1125.0 1251.3 1583.5 1147.3 1290.3

1374.0

1511.6

..

430.6

424.5

676.5

714.8

..

1590.3

1747.0

..

971.4

1116.8

..

924.7 1073.7 1166.9 1374.4 1434.9 1587.5 1953.6 1531.9 1748.6

1849.5

1792.1

..

600.9

1429.6

1548.8

..

693.2

508.1

453.0

666.5

470.2

772.1

918.1 1297.6 .. 504.5

.. 530.3

807.5 1072.3

973.4 1158.5 .. 542.7

669.5

825.1 1082.6 1169.7 1294.9 1664.6 1110.4 1342.8

Portugal

647.6

852.0 1039.0 1231.3 1381.7 1561.6 1950.0 1474.6 1612.7

1700.3

1929.2

..

Slovak Republic

577.1

775.9 1008.8 1165.4 1289.5 1470.8 1872.1 1475.5 1436.7

1554.8

1697.7

..

1067.7 1136.5 1253.4 1553.3 1320.8 1433.0

1519.8

1591.7

..

908.5 1074.6 1150.4 1271.4 1600.0 1225.4 1366.5

1447.2

1623.8

1744.5

Slovenia Spain

..

..

629.0

759.1

..

Sweden

775.5

902.8 1045.6 1245.3 1357.4 1464.1 1820.0 1354.7 1556.7

1675.3

1892.3

..

Switzerland

822.2

983.5 1149.0 1306.7 1383.5 1467.1 1878.8 1447.2 1619.5

1751.7

1891.9

..

Turkey United Kingdom

824.0 1054.2 1227.1 1657.9 1767.0 2012.5 2513.4 1905.7 2319.0

2442.7

2511.6

..

1101.6 1238.1 1460.2 1606.7 1703.6 1886.8 2095.8 1610.5 1791.5

1888.2

2052.6

..

United States

410.1

468.7

562.4

746.3

840.8

895.9 1181.4

766.4

931.4

979.7

1128.0

..

OECD Europe

757.8

917.5 1091.6 1267.1 1354.7 1500.1 1834.6 1393.6 1546.5

1640.7

1802.6

..

Total OECD

601.1

705.8

1342.3

1493.1

..

843.5 1013.0 1101.8 1204.3 1513.5 1107.1 1266.1

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

372 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 Automotive diesel oil prices for non-commercial use in USD/toe 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Australia

551.4

696.1

866.6 1074.9 1193.9 1287.1 1566.6 1234.6 1380.5

1493.3

1684.0

..

Austria

779.8

945.3 1156.5 1355.2 1456.2 1631.2 2083.5 1556.1 1685.0

1786.5

2034.6

2234.9

Belgium

768.7

959.7 1229.5 1451.4 1521.0 1683.5 2056.9 1593.5 1788.5

1918.4

2124.0

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

597.6

780.4

924.8

2007

..

2008

..

..

2010

..

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Chile

395.4

470.9

834.4 1034.0

1093.0

..

..

Czech Republic

773.7

907.4 1128.5 1356.0 1494.4 1649.5 2166.7 1604.3 1875.6

1996.0

2158.2

..

Denmark

961.0 1250.6

2009

1968.1

2185.4

..

1121.2 1225.0 1332.9 1882.9 1414.4 1645.6

1742.9

1937.0

1996.8

Finland

829.1 1025.7 1183.5 1352.2 1441.2 1567.2 2076.4 1547.7 1681.8

1820.8

2053.4

..

France

830.9 1024.7 1257.0 1453.1 1547.2 1708.8 2122.0 1590.1 1732.8

1835.0

2056.3

2200.8

Germany

918.5 1161.4 1350.3 1534.5 1624.1 1857.4 2259.6 1756.4 1883.8

2013.6

2215.0

..

Greece

658.7

808.3 1032.9 1226.6 1345.0 1514.5 1980.8 1499.9 1834.8

2003.5

2193.6

..

Hungary

920.7 1103.5 1272.1 1500.9 1522.5 1693.3 2109.6 1570.4 1823.9

1929.9

2154.3

2373.7

Ireland

819.6 1020.6 1230.9 1451.4 1543.5 1661.6 2088.8 1591.1 1793.1

1909.3

2055.5

..

Israel

644.2

916.6 1129.2 1265.1 1486.8 2171.8 1752.4 1988.1

2129.6

..

..

Italy

939.2 1153.6 1356.5 1602.6 1701.7 1854.7 2284.0 1747.7 1871.6

1975.4

2173.2

..

Japan

742.4

818.9

914.7 1023.1 1091.2 1134.6 1526.6 1243.1 1443.8

1536.7

1658.5

..

Korea

639.1

770.3

935.0 1241.2 1511.9 1611.7 1729.7 1279.7 1532.4

1593.2

1767.6

..

Luxembourg

669.2

809.9

963.0 1176.5 1294.2 1439.1 1820.9 1319.5 1483.7

1579.9

1739.0

..

Mexico

531.7

493.4

486.3

731.4

776.5

820.4

..

Netherlands

856.4 1033.2 1270.2 1462.1 1569.4 1713.4 2164.5 1593.0 1783.8

1892.4

2078.9

..

New Zealand

353.4

998.4

1117.5

1284.3

..

1153.4 1331.7 1447.0 1714.5 1793.6 1985.0 2442.0 1914.9 2185.8

2312.0

2240.1

..

1744.1

1905.0

..

Estonia

Norway Poland

1002.1 1199.8 1325.0 1486.4 1600.5 1763.8 2167.5 1697.0 1863.8 ..

733.2

..

768.4

426.4

..

571.5

518.8

749.8

538.6

868.6

577.0

604.5

908.5 1206.3

617.5

753.4

845.7 1006.5 1320.6 1427.0 1579.8 2030.8 1354.7 1638.3

Portugal

701.7

924.8 1128.5 1343.1 1513.0 1710.0 2131.3 1608.7 1762.5

1861.9

2128.2

..

Slovak Republic

709.8

931.1 1200.4 1387.0 1534.4 1750.3 2227.8 1757.3 1709.1

1850.3

2037.3

..

Slovenia Spain

.. 729.6

1281.3 1363.2 1503.9 1863.9 1585.0 1719.6

1823.8

1910.1

..

881.0 1053.7 1246.3 1335.1 1474.5 1856.2 1422.1 1599.4

..

..

1708.0

1915.7

2058.5

Sweden

969.4 1128.5 1307.0 1556.6 1696.7 1830.1 2275.0 1693.4 1945.9

2094.1

2365.4

..

Switzerland

992.3 1169.3 1346.4 1521.3 1607.0 1704.9 2162.9 1701.9 1910.3

2071.4

2258.3

..

Turkey United Kingdom

824.0 1054.2 1227.1 1657.9 1767.0 2012.5 2513.4 1905.6 2319.0

2442.7

2511.6

..

1295.0 1454.7 1715.7 1889.4 2002.2 2217.1 2458.6 1852.1 2105.0

2218.6

2463.1

..

United States

410.1

468.7

931.4

979.7

1128.0

..

OECD Europe

892.1 1080.5 1286.8 1497.1 1597.0 1772.3 2174.2 1645.9 1832.6

1946.8

2147.3

..

Total OECD

685.9

1538.6

1712.4

..

805.1

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

562.4

746.3

840.8

895.9 1181.4

766.4

963.3 1154.7 1259.0 1379.0 1720.0 1271.5 1451.5

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 373

Table 8 Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline prices in USD/toe 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

577.6 x

720.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Belgium

x

1247.2

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1277.3 1534.4 1763.4 1951.0 2105.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

884.9 1067.0 1294.3 1397.0 1557.2 1764.4 2071.8 1782.9 2376.5

2592.2

2754.3

.. x

Australia Austria

Finland France Germany Greece

x

x

x

x

x

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1072.3 1211.8 1326.0 1457.7 1591.7 1732.5 2125.7

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

Israel Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1445.1 1759.4 2073.8 2229.6 2354.7 2669.3 2983.1

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

1435.2 1689.1 1896.1 2133.1 2237.2 2504.2 2766.8 2369.0 2659.1

2738.9

x

x

x

x

x

x

1696.0 1870.0 2112.6 2381.8 2682.9 2279.7 2452.0

Netherlands New Zealand Norway

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

..

..

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

Poland

Slovenia

x

x

x

x x

x x

x

2536.3

2749.9

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

983.1 1199.0 1398.4 1544.2 1670.9

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

1181.1 1452.8 1663.0 2266.0 2315.9 2643.6 2953.0 2423.0 2962.8

United Kingdom

1462.2 1653.9 1959.7

3084.1

3064.8

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

374 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 9 Regular unleaded gasoline prices in USD/toe

Australia Austria

2002

2003

557.7

694.9

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

859.5 1022.2 1119.2 1218.8 1407.9 1200.2 1382.8

1494.6

1667.7

..

1007.7 1213.7 1441.1 1572.7 1675.9 1882.7 2195.5 1804.4 1958.6

2041.0

2232.2

2496.8

x

x

x

x

995.6 1198.7

1270.9

1497.5

..

Belgium

x

x

x

Canada

536.5

630.6

748.7

Chile

699.0

787.1

961.4 1162.2 1345.8 1376.2 1417.1 1088.8 1456.2

1563.1

..

..

Czech Republic

937.7 1101.1 1298.9 1481.9 1631.9 1814.8 2206.8 1783.7 2087.5

2196.8

2359.6

..

1234.5 1488.6 1667.9 1792.2 1919.2 2130.8 2396.9 2116.3 2277.5

Denmark

x

x

x

x

913.7 1031.0 1136.1 1291.8

x

2376.4

2561.2

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1160.9 1451.4 1659.6 1790.6 1907.8 2178.1 2452.1 2155.3 2247.5

2338.8

2453.7

..

Germany Greece Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1084.4 1280.3

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Japan

996.7 1098.7 1244.4 1354.9 1415.5 1422.1 1817.3 1538.4 1813.9

1920.6

2053.6

..

Korea

1416.0 1517.5 1663.9 1946.4 2185.0 2291.1 2150.3 1733.5 2066.3

2133.2

2337.0

..

Luxembourg

867.3 1050.6 1347.0

Mexico

758.0

Netherlands New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

689.6

688.7

750.6

781.9

814.4

830.9

723.9

835.0

887.7

937.4

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

801.3 1013.6 1220.8 1323.8 1491.0 1670.1 1316.5 1673.4

1843.1

2016.9

..

x 625.0

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United Kingdom

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

425.6

494.2

586.3

718.7

812.8

885.5 1028.9

741.5

879.7

912.6

1040.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

558.5

639.6

739.5

867.2

918.2 1074.7

1123.8

1253.6

..

United States OECD Europe Total OECD

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

..

957.1 1032.2 1195.3

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 375

Table 10 Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline prices in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

x

x

2006 x

2007 x

2008 x

2009 x

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

x

x

x

x

1127.5 1351.7 1595.9 1756.9 1870.9 2108.0 2420.7 2065.5 2191.2

2262.2

2491.3

2756.1

Belgium

1253.4 1515.5 1826.2 2055.2 2178.8 2423.6 2727.6 2344.5 2475.4

2572.9

2735.3

..

1414.5

1565.1

..

Chile

x

2005

Austria Canada

x

2004

602.9

709.3

837.1 1009.6 1136.1 1245.3 1411.1 1115.4 1338.8

706.1

794.1

983.1 1183.6 1381.5 1451.9 1483.5 1164.4 1549.9

1667.9

1761.3

..

Czech Republic

1072.5 1278.2 1498.2 1682.5 1816.3 1983.9 2405.0 1938.2 2239.8

2347.9

2518.0

..

Denmark

1273.8 1537.4 1723.1 1861.6 1991.2 2207.6 2480.5 2205.7 2359.6

2456.9

2642.9

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

1242.2 1513.6 1740.0 1843.0 1976.8 2183.0 2563.5 2201.2 2328.1

2414.8

2582.7

..

France

1209.9 1450.5 1666.9 1848.0 1979.9 2215.7 2517.2 2139.3 2265.3

2360.9

2560.9

..

Germany

1228.7 1532.6 1748.9 1891.8 2029.5 2301.2 2574.2 2269.7 2349.4

2437.5

2560.6

..

Greece Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

1143.7 1371.6 1576.5 1715.9 1731.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

926.0 1100.7 1385.7 1571.8 1658.9 1871.9 2093.0 1757.0 1887.6

Luxembourg

1966.8

2094.3

..

x

x

x

x

x

1430.6 1716.6 2022.7 2191.7 2318.8 2617.2 2906.8 2434.3

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

Norway

1390.9 1639.1 1837.5 2066.6 2181.1 2442.9 2703.1 2311.9 2599.7

2678.3

2707.8

..

Poland

1072.5 1186.0 1378.6 1656.9 1715.5 2038.9 2409.5 1795.4 2043.0

2137.5

2265.2

..

Portugal

1083.4 1442.9 1704.2 1886.6 2123.6 2412.7 2711.1 2286.9 2377.5

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

890.6 1148.2 1450.8 1586.5 1755.2 2040.5

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

2470.1

2691.8

..

x

x

x

x

2053.8 1918.6 2096.5

..

x

2203.6

2272.9

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

1193.5 1450.5 1680.5 1818.6 1932.1 2111.1 2364.5 1965.2 2222.3

2352.7

2589.1

..

Switzerland

1093.3 1270.4 1457.6 1583.9 1689.1 1810.2 2132.1 1803.3 2035.0

2163.2

2352.4

..

..

..

..

..

1516.0 1683.5 1990.7 2150.1 2282.9 2543.3 2630.9 2086.3 2420.9

2528.3

2758.3

..

Turkey United Kingdom United States OECD Europe Total OECD

.. 484.4

..

878.3

..

..

952.2 1104.8

..

989.3

1116.9

..

1274.2 1514.3 1756.7 1919.3 2046.3 2301.5 2550.5 2141.1

..

..

..

..

984.6 1083.1 1179.2 1346.4 1039.2 1180.1

1226.5

1362.2

..

849.7

781.4

..

955.6

734.2

646.3

..

..

816.7

636.7

553.3

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

376 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 11 Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline prices in USD/toe

Australia

2002

2003

2004

2005

..

..

..

..

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

1197.7 1293.1 1495.3 1287.6 1500.6

1611.7

1791.7

..

Austria

1025.8 1239.7 1466.6 1599.6 1704.2 1912.0 2201.9 1807.4 1960.4

2043.6

2233.9

2499.3

Belgium

1165.3 1452.7 1790.1 2008.2 2143.6 2393.8 2688.2 2307.9 2434.1

2530.2

2693.2

..

1390.0

1553.3

1737.6

Canada

571.6

670.8

804.9

Chile

720.6

812.0

993.7 1199.9 1385.8 1445.8 1487.9 1150.8 1524.8

1627.4

..

..

Czech Republic

949.7 1114.6 1313.2 1503.0 1656.9 1838.4 2245.3 1809.1 2111.1

2224.0

2384.7

..

Denmark Estonia

978.0 1097.5 1210.2 1373.6 1085.4 1315.7

1245.2 1496.6 1679.9 1804.2 1931.3 2144.0 2410.9 2129.7 2287.1 ..

..

..

1186.4 1301.9 1440.3 1826.5 1532.4 1764.1

2383.0

2567.8

..

1836.0

1993.7

2124.4

Finland

1214.0 1483.8 1698.3 1802.8 1936.0 2130.5 2492.6 2137.3 2268.1

2351.4

2498.1

..

France

1183.0 1422.7 1631.5 1785.3 1920.9 2157.8 2454.0 2074.9 2203.1

2292.8

2499.3

2722.0

Germany

1182.9 1479.1 1690.0 1819.5 1936.9 2200.0 2456.5 2154.6 2247.4

2339.5

2470.2

..

Greece

829.6 1000.9 1208.0 1312.4 1454.4 1661.6 1943.2 1670.2 2251.4

2454.7

2657.1

..

Hungary

1099.5 1320.4 1504.7 1661.1 1680.1 1916.9 2165.5 1791.3 2071.0

2160.6

2350.8

2647.1

965.5 1179.2 1418.5 1548.0 1679.3 1832.5 2146.3 1830.8 2064.7

2137.4

2295.7

..

Israel

1072.9 1210.0 1321.1 1448.4 1580.2 1730.3 2122.4 1810.7 2120.3

2211.5

..

..

Italy

1247.2 1512.3 1766.1 1913.2 2035.7 2245.1 2546.1 2160.2 2279.2

2361.0

2558.0

..

Ireland

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1956.5 2307.2

2383.0

2569.1

..

Luxembourg

872.9 1053.3 1347.0 1521.2 1625.9 1840.7 2061.8 1721.9 1844.8

1926.1

2055.0

..

Mexico

851.9

1030.9

1075.6

..

Netherlands

786.4

810.3

878.1

922.6

995.1 1031.1

..

895.5

995.5

2593.5

2757.9

..

809.5 1022.5 1222.4 1324.9 1487.4 1663.0 1325.0 1686.1

1852.3

2022.9

..

Norway

1344.4 1586.6 1775.1 2010.8 2138.8 2388.3 2656.4 2261.9 2514.1

2596.8

2610.7

..

Poland

1001.6 1104.4 1310.6 1580.5 1642.4 1949.3 2283.5 1692.2 1931.8

2015.4

2166.3

..

Portugal

1032.8 1362.4 1603.3 1779.0 2006.4 2265.4 2536.5 2145.5 2271.5

2361.6

2582.4

..

821.8 1058.9 1351.3 1487.2 1649.9 1907.7 2244.7 1922.8 2050.7

2134.1

2382.5

..

New Zealand

Slovak Republic Slovenia

1352.6 1642.9 1951.0 2107.1 2226.9 2507.6 2819.1 2340.8 2497.4 630.4

1473.1 1612.1 1819.3 2014.7 1883.1 2054.4

2155.9

2253.1

..

919.2 1106.1 1293.4 1421.4 1532.7 1697.2 1939.1 1667.5 1847.2

1940.7

2115.5

2316.6

Sweden

1147.2 1394.9 1625.2 1756.7 1867.3 2064.2 2287.6 1908.5 2166.9

2298.5

2502.8

..

Switzerland

1044.1 1225.5 1417.2 1539.6 1647.0 1763.1 2069.5 1743.1 1972.3

2093.6

2285.7

..

Turkey

1177.4 1447.8 1656.6 2279.0 2342.5 2671.7 2980.8 2434.8 2962.8

3084.1

3064.8

..

United Kingdom

1392.5 1571.8 1860.8 1995.9 2126.8 2390.0 2481.5 1959.8 2285.4

Spain

United States OECD Europe Total OECD

..

..

..

2381.9

2620.9

..

917.9

950.5

1078.4

..

1178.8 1413.7 1645.5 1795.4 1914.8 2145.5 2398.5 2012.0 2219.9

2318.7

2494.3

..

1269.1

1399.4

..

455.7

641.4

524.9

738.9

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

617.4

853.5

750.2

845.7

919.3 1067.2

779.7

983.9 1080.6 1180.6 1342.0 1058.0 1218.5

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 377

Table 12 Natural gas prices for industry in USD/toe (NCV basis) 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

..

622.0

463.7

394.3

435.0

..

..

Canada

139.3

233.4

248.5

323.4

302.3

240.1

391.4

191.8

177.9

165.4

..

..

Chile Czech Republic

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

192.8

226.1

241.6

325.0

447.0

435.2

682.4

586.7

589.4

641.5

600.5

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

835.7

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

499.9

435.7

471.0

476.4

..

..

Finland

141.0

176.4

189.2

211.3

275.6

297.6

413.6

369.7

389.3

416.2

528.0

..

France

202.7

268.6

291.3

366.9

458.0

460.1

674.8

487.6

538.3

585.3

579.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

201.1

246.1

258.1

347.1

..

490.4

715.4

490.2

575.1

571.5

620.2

..

Hungary

159.7

261.9

319.7

384.0

501.3

649.1

836.7

679.4

..

..

..

..

Ireland

204.2

258.5

324.1

415.6

517.7

c

684.7

537.2

479.1

512.8

541.4

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

Italy

c

c

333.8

390.9

504.6

545.7

718.3

619.6

536.7

547.4

..

..

Japan

396.9

427.5

435.9

446.1

483.8

504.5

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

379.8

435.9

550.3

612.0

555.0

532.8

678.1

692.1

741.9

..

Germany

Luxembourg Mexico

..

..

..

..

..

..

486.4

516.0

499.6

..

..

..

136.3

228.1

334.1

396.8

381.3

385.7

481.3

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

182.7

247.1

..

..

..

496.3

597.3

558.4

459.8

480.9

..

..

New Zealand

104.0

158.1

196.6

247.4

269.4

309.2

266.2

257.3

260.0

248.9

..

..

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

192.3

195.5

199.4

249.6

326.9

416.7

590.8

480.8

505.3

540.0

527.3

..

Portugal

264.6

319.6

317.6

378.2

443.3

476.4

608.8

537.9

617.2

783.9

..

..

Slovak Republic

147.5

245.1

270.0

319.4

421.1

467.0

691.6

574.1

594.1

620.5

616.1

..

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

728.3

634.3

666.9

680.0

685.0

..

183.9

226.7

239.6

282.4

394.3

422.5

540.7

482.0

433.8

446.6

455.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

677.0

862.8

650.4

736.4

788.4

..

..

310.3

355.9

391.5

447.4

541.8

640.7

828.2

782.6

735.1

826.0

874.1

..

Turkey

239.4

254.4

255.9

338.3

391.9

489.8

636.5

519.6

452.5

467.2

446.8

..

United Kingdom

162.7

182.9

225.2

332.0

426.1

370.0

495.5

359.6

337.0

381.2

..

..

United States

171.6

248.6

280.1

361.3

335.6

326.4

412.6

225.3

230.4

208.7

244.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

621.6

512.2

475.8

507.3

..

..

175.3

245.6

281.8

355.7

371.8

372.8

481.2

323.6

314.8

311.7

..

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

378 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 13 Natural gas prices for electricity generation in USD/toe (NCV basis) 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Canada

160.7

194.2

191.0

250.3

243.0

295.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile Czech Republic

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

187.4

219.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

121.1

151.3

161.7

183.8

247.8

267.3

377.9

335.8

356.9

383.0

384.4

..

France

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Hungary

209.9

240.9

279.3

317.6

435.4

549.0

693.0

570.9

..

..

..

..

Ireland

167.4

187.0

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

197.1

207.0

266.6

256.1

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

325.4

407.7

530.2

544.1

750.7

503.0

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

136.3

228.1

305.5

404.2

377.3

351.4

469.9

220.1

258.9

225.5

251.7

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

201.6

228.8

276.9

349.2

416.7

347.7

359.5

388.8

..

..

Mexico

Portugal

..

215.7

268.9

324.3

394.5

412.7

577.0

421.5

432.8

488.2

..

..

146.4

245.1

270.0

319.4

421.1

467.0

798.8

734.4

443.0

454.3

567.9

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

238.1

247.8

253.3

334.7

388.2

487.6

635.5

518.1

440.9

454.2

442.6

..

United Kingdom

118.1

143.9

180.2

238.4

305.3

319.6

388.9

282.7

291.6

346.8

..

..

United States

156.1

236.8

261.9

362.1

305.1

312.8

402.7

206.6

223.8

206.9

231.5

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 379

Table 14 Natural gas prices for households in USD/toe (NCV basis) 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

872.2 1040.6 1138.1 1157.9 1051.7

1079.8

1085.4

..

969.8

1059.5

..

..

478.6

410.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

421.4

656.2

762.5

810.6

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

262.4

377.6

401.6

467.7

535.1

537.2

Austria

1241.2 1006.6 561.2

442.1

Chile

758.5

629.7

717.5

910.3

982.3 1080.4 1524.8 1232.6 1510.0

Czech Republic

305.3

358.2

391.8

476.8

603.9

641.7

Denmark

800.0

994.6 1169.8 1391.8

943.2

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

1612.9

..

..

885.9

952.2

994.1

..

1478.4 1610.4

1672.5

1782.1

..

725.8

..

..

905.6

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

673.6

680.8

664.9

Finland

224.0

278.9

299.7

331.2

391.4

426.2

578.5

527.1

551.7

588.4

733.2

..

France

472.9

579.5

604.8

656.1

785.4

873.1 1022.7

942.1

960.0

1029.1

1036.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

337.0

435.7

470.7

667.6

..

1111.3 1349.1 1157.5 1205.2

1026.7

1015.0

..

Hungary

195.3

270.6

249.5

272.3

331.6

796.6

..

..

..

..

Ireland

418.1

559.4

633.3

730.8 1018.9 1221.6 1148.8 1130.1

914.2

890.4

883.2

..

Israel

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

864.7

Germany

Japan Korea

..

..

..

832.0

..

..

..

..

1393.9

..

..

1207.5 1327.6 1412.1 1384.0 1376.6 1374.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

791.8

704.4

643.0

728.3

743.4

794.7

..

620.8

..

965.9

790.9

748.6

..

..

..

691.3

701.7

497.6

467.3

503.8

507.3

519.9

..

889.3

999.6 1145.9 1377.7 1291.8 1112.5

1175.2

1174.9

..

863.2

825.4 1090.3 1242.3 1041.5 1121.7

1249.5

..

..

..

504.7

586.5

712.8

303.0

380.5

408.5

530.6

..

..

606.6

702.1

Netherlands

507.9

669.4

758.4

New Zealand

290.3

430.0

691.4

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

374.3

377.7

410.6

492.5

616.0

Mexico

683.8

..

914.9 1040.7 1129.1 1280.8 1177.2 1215.2

..

Luxembourg

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

764.9 1037.0

890.9

858.8

870.7

854.9

..

Portugal

723.5

882.2 1010.1 1070.6 1131.4 1194.4 1184.9 1066.3 1046.9

Slovak Republic

139.7

254.4

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland

390.6

465.7

615.2

..

..

..

..

..

552.1

660.2

714.7

760.7

841.0

730.0 ..

1104.3

..

..

781.9

801.2

852.1

..

1178.1 1121.0 1069.7

1181.9

1190.6

..

1000.3

1065.4

..

872.8

867.0

964.3 1140.9 1028.7

954.6

..

..

..

..

..

1635.9 1878.4 1665.5 1818.3

1933.2

..

..

549.7

625.1

681.1

745.3

850.4

978.0 1215.0 1140.6 1128.6

1252.7

1294.0

..

Turkey

282.9

294.9

289.1

402.2

461.6

577.3

732.5

632.2

584.9

600.1

560.1

..

United Kingdom

352.4

390.7

470.3

535.4

714.8

837.4

917.6

888.8

828.0

847.6

..

..

United States

337.6

406.1

458.6

546.8

586.8

556.3

592.7

510.6

477.2

450.6

432.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1050.4

979.0

..

..

..

..

390.1

464.0

545.8

621.7

700.6

726.8

779.6

700.6

674.2

682.6

..

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

380 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 15 Steam coal prices for industry in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

107.6

125.2

244.6

255.3

259.0

290.2

356.4

348.1

337.9

348.6

389.0

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

44.7

46.5

76.1

78.9

76.6

81.1

139.4

114.1

100.3

105.3

..

..

Czech Rep.**

48.4

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

138.1

162.2

201.2

209.5

214.0

238.0

355.8

274.6

276.8

295.5

491.4

..

France

156.2

186.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

67.2

68.7

103.0

118.9

112.3

139.3

233.2

185.0

181.7

187.2

..

..

Austria

Italy Japan

69.0

64.7

95.9

116.1

124.4

140.0

239.5

217.0

205.8

204.8

..

..

Korea

75.7

83.5

82.7

95.4

87.3

107.6

178.3

134.5

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

71.8

80.9

93.4

102.0

116.7

138.3

193.1

175.3

178.9

195.0

..

..

Portugal

56.8

67.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

88.1

107.5

157.3

157.2

158.9

208.4

360.7

229.8

258.9

270.4

324.0

..

Turkey**

99.2

104.8

95.9

112.4

114.3

164.3

217.9

198.6

196.9

201.0

206.3

..

United Kingdom

93.0

100.4

123.9

142.4

141.7

162.0

186.5

158.5

186.4

205.9

..

..

United States

57.1

58.2

66.8

80.4

88.0

92.6

108.0

110.4

108.9

106.7

111.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

67.3

70.1

80.9

95.1

100.6

113.5

157.2

144.9

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe Total OECD

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Brown coal price for the Czech Republic and Turkey.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 381

Table 16 Steam coal prices for electricity generation in USD/toe 2002 Australia

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

79.7

97.6

123.0

132.4

140.3

145.6

184.8

202.0

178.1

177.7

236.7

..

Belgium

64.6

67.3

135.7

150.5

118.5

141.5

244.6

144.0

..

..

..

..

Canada

31.5

34.5

33.3

40.2

43.1

45.7

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

33.4

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

72.3

79.3

110.0

118.3

121.9

137.4

234.6

159.4

167.0

182.9

203.9

..

France

69.1

68.4

102.3

120.6

117.4

135.0

219.2

183.5

174.4

180.3

..

..

Germany

66.1

72.3

101.2

115.3

112.7

130.5

220.7

159.2

170.4

191.6

206.5

..

Greece**

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Rep.**

Hungary** Ireland

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

60.5

57.4

108.6

113.2

98.9

134.7

160.6

183.6

134.6

167.2

210.6

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

242.5

236.0

186.4

199.9

..

..

Italy

..

62.0

100.2

119.2

113.2

144.0

241.5

174.4

182.6

193.7

..

..

Japan

71.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

72.2

83.5

78.2

91.4

137.8

125.1

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

73.7

70.2

81.2

89.6

92.6

100.4

114.6

111.7

119.3

123.1

123.7

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

63.0

70.5

78.4

93.1

99.6

113.2

157.4

156.9

153.2

158.4

..

..

Portugal

Mexico***

52.9

62.9

94.2

110.7

95.5

125.2

231.4

133.3

144.6

161.4

161.4

..

Slovak Republic**

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey**

76.0

94.9

129.5

126.1

124.1

138.7

161.7

160.6

181.9

194.1

193.7

..

United Kingdom

78.7

81.2

105.7

116.0

123.9

145.7

212.4

150.1

170.2

190.1

..

..

United States

47.0

47.6

50.7

57.9

63.5

66.4

77.6

82.8

84.9

84.2

88.2

..

OECD Europe

67.5

73.8

99.7

112.9

114.1

133.6

206.1

159.3

167.9

183.0

..

..

Total OECD

52.1

52.8

61.1

69.4

73.9

80.8

103.7

99.4

100.0

102.1

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Brown coal price for the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Slovak Republic (from 2002 onwards) and Turkey. *** Sub-bituminous coal for Mexico.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

382 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 17 Coking coal prices for industry in USD/toe 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011* ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

93.9

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

157.0

180.1

226.6

280.9

290.4

322.7

546.6

410.7

412.6

468.3

471.7

..

France

82.9

85.2

102.9

151.7

182.8

170.8

297.0

282.4

299.0

356.4

..

..

Germany

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

87.1

90.7

115.7

155.7

168.5

177.4

285.6

217.1

265.3

289.4

..

..

Japan

69.8

69.7

99.0

148.6

160.1

154.4

315.2

296.5

244.6

232.1

..

..

Korea

..

..

103.8

166.5

171.8

157.3

352.9

242.0

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

67.8

74.2

136.2

163.7

134.6

158.8

316.4

185.1

268.4

314.8

..

..

Portugal

46.6

55.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

123.2

131.9

169.7

211.5

230.8

286.5

369.6

385.3

388.8

408.8

378.8

..

Turkey United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

79.6

78.8

95.7

130.4

145.0

147.8

183.7

223.1

226.9

228.1

239.0

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Total OECD

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 383

Table 18 Electricity prices for industry in USD/toe

Australia

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1113.7 1183.0 1269.3 1561.0 1791.8

..

..

..

..

..

1611.6 1613.8 1447.7

1481.9

..

..

..

..

..

567.1

626.8

Austria

..

..

708.4

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

454.7

545.5

569.3

643.0

681.7

736.1

813.6

2009

684.6

2010

812.7

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Chile

479.3

501.2

583.8

758.1

879.3 1119.5 1685.7 1539.5 1630.2

1561.7

..

..

Czech Republic

571.9

653.1

769.3

936.8 1091.5 1341.1 1758.7 1717.0 1672.9

1750.9

1859.7

..

Denmark

809.4 1064.3 1114.7 1078.2 1125.0 1172.9 1509.6 1286.6 1330.0

1461.0

1363.0

..

981.6 1083.3

1152.5

..

..

946.6 1126.6 1133.0 1102.9

1132.3

1240.4

..

589.4 1072.0 1218.9 1240.7 1227.5

1196.2

1410.2

..

..

..

..

..

1305.6 1324.7 1324.5

1412.5

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

Finland

496.5

760.7

837.8

818.1

France

425.2

519.6

579.2

579.2

Germany

564.4

760.7

894.1

976.5 1095.7 1266.3

Greece

533.7

647.7

736.7

778.6

Hungary

683.0

911.4 1075.3 1111.1 1216.6 1561.7 1972.6 1857.4

..

..

..

..

Ireland

873.5 1093.2 1112.2 1155.6 1415.2 1733.6 2161.5 1964.8 1595.6

1748.6

1254.4

..

Israel

1028.2

..

..

2982.4

..

Japan

1335.9 1413.2 1478.8 1427.0 1361.0 1348.3 1619.6 1834.6 1795.3

1951.1

1915.4

..

..

..

..

Mexico Netherlands

..

..

652.4

726.3

905.6

..

3091.7

Luxembourg

925.9

..

..

948.4 1307.2 1122.3 1009.9

588.7

824.4

..

926.7

1315.1 1708.1 1877.8 2022.2 2436.5 2755.7 3369.9 3211.0 3001.1

548.6

771.0

..

..

Italy

Korea

719.7

..

611.6

684.0

756.4

807.7

..

..

..

..

699.7

672.1

..

1424.6 1681.7 1416.9

..

..

..

995.6 1211.7

1199.2

1297.7

..

1417.6 1623.5 1638.1 1430.8

..

900.6 1020.9 1150.7 1187.0 1465.1

c

c

c

c

c

1466.1

..

New Zealand

382.3

533.0

592.6

713.6

693.2

795.4

830.7

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

357.5

529.7

503.5

505.1

643.5

559.5

739.1

682.3

857.2

870.7

957.5

..

Poland

566.9

654.6

698.5

813.1

853.6

958.8 1386.8 1392.3 1399.8

1451.4

1473.9

..

Portugal

795.7

964.4 1079.0 1139.0 1283.9 1497.3 1526.6 1481.3 1398.4

1451.9

..

..

Slovak Republic

551.2

813.1

1991.6

2052.5

..

1489.7

1503.9

..

..

..

..

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

963.2 1004.3 1141.4 1593.0 2022.2 2264.8 1966.7

..

..

..

563.3

625.4

696.3

..

..

..

1506.2 1563.3 1408.4

968.9 1061.8 1041.7 1455.3 1199.5

..

..

..

..

..

819.4

915.7

971.3

937.0

933.4

881.0 1108.7

..

961.8 1120.5

1172.0

..

..

972.9 1090.3 1087.7 1189.9

1396.9

1445.0

..

1094.8 1156.4 1164.3 1237.3 1160.6 1264.5 1613.9 1600.5 1754.8

1807.6

1675.0

..

1439.3

..

..

789.4

775.3

767.4

..

..

..

..

..

998.4 1088.2 1244.4 1204.0 1242.7

..

..

..

United Kingdom

603.5

636.2

775.5 1008.3 1358.8 1510.2 1697.0 1561.5 1408.2

United States**

558.1

596.6

612.6

795.7

OECD Europe

686.6

853.7

951.6 1054.7 1232.2 1381.0 1696.2 1617.7

Total OECD

687.8

784.6

845.5

666.8

914.7

716.3

743.5

794.0

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Price excluding tax for the United States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

384 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 19 Electricity prices for households in USD/toe 2002 Australia Austria

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1511.3 1771.1 2054.7 2025.1 2028.0 2484.9 2988.6 2973.0 2995.7

3045.5

3068.0

..

2785.5

..

..

..

..

..

774.2

2003

2004

957.2 1144.7

Belgium

..

..

..

..

Canada

626.6

712.4

785.6

880.0

..

..

3088.9 2704.2 2693.7

958.5 1035.9 1046.7

983.1 1099.4

4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011*

Chile

924.9

977.1 1127.4 1395.8 1583.2 1931.8 2685.2 2483.9 2667.7

2578.6

..

..

Czech Republic

884.5

983.8 1126.8 1228.1 1421.0 1696.4 2226.4 2234.0 2157.4

2255.5

2429.1

..

2427.4 2981.3 3291.7 3424.9 3744.9 4001.7 4605.3 4249.4 4142.9

Denmark

4258.1

4588.3

..

1362.0 1439.1 1477.8

1549.3

..

..

Finland

984.2 1300.7 1430.0 1405.5 1487.4 1690.4 2004.7 2020.1 2039.6

2170.0

2402.2

..

France

1215.4 1472.2 1646.5 1646.5 1672.0 1819.1 1910.8 1851.3 1823.5

1895.4

1953.9

..

Germany

1576.4 2041.8 2296.7 2470.0 2578.0 3059.9 3753.6 3755.9 3776.4

3915.4

..

..

1911.2

..

..

Estonia

Greece Hungary

..

..

..

..

893.2 1115.5 1242.2 1304.3

..

..

..

..

1824.1 1765.7 1842.0 ..

..

..

..

Ireland

1242.8 1698.9 2007.9 2238.9 2319.7 2831.6 3106.4 2965.3 2704.5

2785.5

2740.8

..

Israel

1069.5 1231.1 1275.2 1380.4 1329.7 1436.5 1809.5 1590.3 1626.0

1663.1

..

..

Italy

1808.3 2167.9 2224.5 2296.7 2626.1 2994.6 3549.6 3304.9 3060.1

3108.9

3144.1

..

Japan

2026.6 2158.8 2281.6 2195.8 2071.3 2052.3 2395.5 2647.0 2699.5

2883.7

2805.9

..

970.7

1003.3

..

Korea

926.7 1186.3 1556.7 1698.8 1675.8 2189.7 2606.7 2398.0

808.7

859.2

923.4 1033.9 1144.7 1185.7 1030.7

894.4

970.1

Luxembourg

1298.7 1658.1 1705.9 2169.6 2131.5 2682.4 2505.8 2743.0 2505.8

Mexico

1072.7 1057.7 1047.2 1129.9 1171.1 1081.5 1116.9

..

..

..

1068.2

1222.5

..

Netherlands New Zealand

1800.6 2252.0 2569.7 2744.5 3000.1 3313.4 2821.4 3000.3 2571.6

2631.7

2706.9

..

822.4 1102.4 1397.8 1581.4 1546.3 1877.0 1911.3 1760.8 2110.7

2297.6

..

..

Norway

938.0 1439.0 1358.5 1418.6 1811.7 1531.1 1758.9 1541.9 2044.5

2327.9

2364.1

..

Poland

974.6 1099.9 1199.4 1405.8 1536.4 1754.9 2243.6 1947.5 2082.8

2207.4

2287.7

..

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

925.1 1032.8

1475.1 1815.8 2038.1 2087.2 2144.7 2484.9 2554.2 2502.3 2502.7

2629.2

..

..

775.1 1208.5 1558.4 1637.6 1808.2 2183.6 2556.8 2684.9 2476.5

2446.2

2613.7

..

2229.1

2274.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1948.5 2128.5 2165.0

1325.0 1596.4 1762.2 1785.5 1915.6 2174.1 2535.0 2469.0

2276.4 2539.9 2256.3 2534.8

2707.4

..

..

1364.6 1550.3 1657.1 1614.6 1540.2 1585.4 1794.2 1906.0 2093.2

2254.2

2444.1

..

Turkey

1152.9 1228.5 1291.2 1372.2 1287.1 1415.8 1916.3 1919.7 2141.2

2205.6

2043.7

..

United Kingdom

1224.5 1346.4 1602.1 1733.3 2165.5 2543.4 2689.3 2395.1 2314.3

2365.8

2399.7

..

United States**

983.0 1011.5 1043.0 1098.5 1209.6 1238.5 1309.7 1342.7 1346.1

1337.3

1295.8

..

OECD Europe

1343.7 1638.5 1820.7 1904.8 2079.2 2353.5 2658.4 2544.8 2556.5

2655.3

..

..

Total OECD

1167.4 1289.1 1383.5 1437.8 1539.1 1641.5 1822.4 1816.6 1817.7

1909.2

1744.3

..

Switzerland

..

..

* Prices for 2Q2011 are preliminary. ** Price excluding tax for the United States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

..

..

..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 385

F. ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN USD/unit (converted using purchasing power parities)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

386 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 Purchasing power parities 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

1.32

1.30

1.30

1.31

1.33

1.34

1.35

1.37

1.39

1.41

1.43

1.48

1.45

1.52

Austria

0.92

0.92

0.92

0.90

0.92

0.90

0.89

0.87

0.89

0.86

0.87

0.85

0.84

0.85

Belgium

0.91

0.92

0.92

0.89

0.89

0.87

0.88

0.90

0.90

0.88

0.89

0.87

0.87

0.87

Canada

1.21

1.19

1.19

1.23

1.22

1.23

1.23

1.23

1.21

1.21

1.21

1.23

1.20

1.22

Chile

273

275

278

284

289

296

307

321

334

363

372

365

377

409

Czech Republic

12.7

13.9

14.1

14.2

14.2

14.3

14.0

14.3

14.3

14.0

13.9

13.7

13.5

13.4

Denmark

8.43

8.39

8.47

8.41

8.47

8.30

8.54

8.40

8.59

8.33

8.23

8.03

7.96

8.10

Estonia

0.40

0.43

0.44

0.46

0.48

0.48

0.48

0.49

0.50

0.52

0.55

0.55

0.52

0.51

Finland

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.01

1.00

1.01

0.97

0.98

0.95

0.94

0.92

0.91

0.92

France

0.97

0.97

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.94

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.89

0.89

0.88

0.87

Germany

0.99

0.99

0.97

0.97

0.96

0.94

0.92

0.90

0.87

0.84

0.83

0.81

0.81

0.80

Greece

0.63

0.66

0.68

0.68

0.67

0.66

0.69

0.70

0.71

0.70

0.72

0.70

0.71

0.73

Hungary

85.0

94.2

101

108

111

115

121

126

129

129

131

129

128

129

Ireland

0.85

0.88

0.93

0.96

0.99

1.00

1.01

1.01

1.01

0.98

0.96

0.95

0.90

0.88

Israel

3.16

3.35

3.50

3.44

3.42

3.46

3.63

3.53

3.72

3.70

3.62

3.59

3.73

3.72

Italy

0.82

0.81

0.82

0.82

0.81

0.85

0.85

0.87

0.87

0.83

0.82

0.79

0.78

0.78

Japan

169

167

162

155

149

144

140

134

130

125

120

117

115

111

Korea

746

774

755

746

758

770

794

796

789

775

768

786

805

822

Luxembourg

0.96

0.95

0.94

0.94

0.95

0.93

0.94

0.92

0.95

0.91

0.92

0.91

0.90

0.91

Mexico

4.35

4.96

5.63

6.10

6.31

6.55

6.81

7.22

7.13

7.22

7.33

7.47

7.72

7.95

Netherlands

0.91

0.91

0.91

0.89

0.91

0.90

0.93

0.91

0.90

0.87

0.86

0.85

0.85

0.85

New Zealand

1.45

1.45

1.43

1.44

1.47

1.47

1.50

1.51

1.54

1.49

1.50

1.49

1.50

1.53

Norway

9.09

9.39

9.33

9.13

9.18

9.11

9.12

8.98

8.90

8.69

8.77

8.71

8.85

9.13

Poland

1.52

1.66

1.74

1.84

1.86

1.83

1.84

1.86

1.87

1.84

1.84

1.85

1.86

1.88

Portugal

0.67

0.69

0.70

0.70

0.71

0.71

0.71

0.72

0.68

0.66

0.66

0.65

0.63

0.63

Slovak Republic

0.45

0.47

0.50

0.53

0.52

0.53

0.56

0.57

0.57

0.56

0.55

0.53

0.51

0.50

Slovenia

0.46

0.48

0.51

0.53

0.57

0.59

0.62

0.61

0.61

0.61

0.63

0.63

0.63

0.63

Spain

0.72

0.72

0.73

0.73

0.74

0.73

0.75

0.76

0.76

0.74

0.73

0.72

0.71

0.71

Sweden

9.30

9.37

9.29

9.14

9.35

9.35

9.34

9.10

9.38

9.09

8.88

8.80

8.94

8.95

Switzerland

1.90

1.88

1.87

1.85

1.84

1.77

1.78

1.75

1.74

1.66

1.60

1.55

1.53

1.52

Turkey

0.08

0.13

0.20

0.28

0.43

0.61

0.77

0.81

0.83

0.85

0.86

0.89

0.93

0.99

United Kingdom

0.63

0.65

0.65

0.64

0.63

0.63

0.64

0.63

0.64

0.63

0.64

0.64

0.64

0.66

United States

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

The source of the purchasing power parity series (PPP) for 1970 to 2010 is National Accounts of OECD Countries (see the site www.oecd.org/std/ppp/ for more details on PPPs). The Euro is the national currency for Economic and Monetary Union countries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 387

Table 2 High sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

104.2

97.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

139.9

115.2

140.2

220.1

195.6

196.7

Canada

154.0

115.0

158.9

244.8

233.2

254.5

Chile Czech Republic

..

1998

.. 241.6

.. 185.3

.. 184.2

.. 303.0

.. 334.5

.. 318.7

x 268.2 .. 294.1

x 263.8 .. 299.9

x 333.1 .. 346.7

x 345.3 .. 465.1

x 391.0 .. 415.7

x 494.3 .. 547.1

x 412.0 ..

x 466.6 ..

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France

.. 119.5

.. 98.2

.. 121.2

.. 206.8

.. 187.7

.. 205.9

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

226.2

204.2

225.1

340.5

333.2

366.3

Ireland

188.0

159.2

170.2

257.0

225.8

261.9

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 197.4 .. 311.1 .. 263.7

.. 185.4 .. 291.2 .. 263.7

.. 263.8 .. 371.2 .. 333.5

.. 316.6 .. 431.5 .. 403.3

.. 333.7

.. 428.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 337.4

.. 322.1

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

207.0

293.2

273.3

277.0

Japan

130.0

121.0

119.5

156.2

176.6

175.6

197.4

215.5

297.7

425.7

474.4

687.1

Korea

278.4

309.5

325.7

417.7

432.5

446.7

452.2

488.3

564.2

666.7

667.3

969.6

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway

162.1 x 220.4 x

120.1 x 210.5 x

x 135.4 x 245.1 x

x 193.7 x 342.6 x

x 161.6 x 312.4 x

x 176.8 x 276.3 x

Poland

235.3

154.0

166.1

266.1

232.1

292.5

Portugal

218.5

186.4

208.5

343.1

338.2

334.4

Slovak Republic

197.4

177.1

203.8

Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland

.. 209.6 x x

.. 158.5 x x

.. 185.2 x x

.. 399.1

..

166.4

x

.. 289.4

..

183.1

x

.. ..

..

Italy

Luxembourg

.. 352.1

x 221.6 x 274.1 x 337.6 x

x 226.7 x 273.8 x 340.5 x

x 276.5 x 388.7 x 440.2 x

x 385.7 x 402.7 x 518.7 x

x 386.8 x 386.7 x 531.6 x

x 641.7 x 545.1 x 633.3 x

.. 761.0 x 530.0 x 455.8 x 597.1 x

.. 878.7 x 654.2 x 525.0 x 763.6 x

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

275.5 x x

243.0 x x

266.9 x x

Turkey

364.0

305.1

360.5

455.6

519.9

653.7

United Kingdom

147.4

124.2

142.5

199.1

196.4

215.8

United States

118.7

85.5

106.7

168.8

148.1

158.6

OECD Europe

218.7

182.3

221.0

OECD Total

196.2

175.6

205.6

.. 269.1

.. 262.7

.. 293.6

271.3 x x 591.2 x 195.8 .. 305.1

x 608.0 x 206.6 .. 310.9

880.2 1081.4 1183.2 1452.0 1332.7 1412.5 x 295.9 .. 402.6

x 342.5

x 388.1

x 558.4

x 372.3

x 482.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

388 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 Low sulphur fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997 ..

1998 ..

1999 ..

2000 ..

2001 ..

2002 ..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

Austria

148.5

139.8

158.6

211.8

198.5

209.7

224.5

244.8

321.4

389.9

399.9

539.5

415.9

534.5

Belgium

133.4

109.5

114.6

199.7

177.1

187.4

219.2

192.7

274.9

316.2

332.5

484.8

348.5

465.1

Canada

..

..

..

..

Chile

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

..

..

..

..

Denmark Estonia

146.8 ..

124.1 ..

142.2 ..

216.0 ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

344.3

342.3

337.7

345.5

412.3

533.8

492.4

641.3

500.7

600.8

206.3

224.9

237.6

202.0

269.7

310.2

322.5

397.0

334.7

456.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

169.8

148.1

176.4

257.4

225.5

233.2

238.8

242.4

324.0

370.6

383.7

502.1

407.4

513.8

France

135.3

112.6

134.3

225.8

206.8

221.3

215.2

199.2

282.4

328.7

345.1

452.8

360.9

471.2

Germany

119.3

101.9

119.6

194.3

175.9

194.4

202.9

195.0

281.3

353.2

346.5

498.0

390.4

489.5

Greece

246.7

211.0

233.8

367.9

351.2

336.4

342.4

321.8

404.7

462.0

482.8

629.3

494.1

614.8

Hungary

264.6

241.1

249.8

354.0

391.1

407.7

409.0

512.5

630.7

615.8

834.9

693.7

874.2

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

.. c

Italy

174.5

151.2

182.0

282.6

249.6

250.4

273.0

266.2

355.1

408.6

423.3

558.7

438.8

567.5

Japan

200.9

182.1

179.2

210.2

225.5

226.7

257.6

290.8

398.8

526.9

569.3

836.7

477.0

584.6

399.7

339.9

431.5

447.9

460.1

466.2

502.3

557.8

690.6

694.3 1012.7

833.3

942.5

109.1

127.7

207.8

183.2

191.3

202.1

183.4

Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal

.. 126.8 .. 178.9 .. 256.3 .. 232.8

.. 162.0 .. 242.4 .. 202.4

.. 182.2 .. 259.7 .. 225.7

.. 265.2 .. 342.1 .. 361.8

Slovak Republic

x

x

x

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

Spain

211.3

188.0

Sweden

167.6

c

Switzerland

112.9

92.6

215.0 c 110.2

336.0

.. 241.4 .. 397.0 ..

.. 244.1 .. 400.1 ..

253.9

.. 246.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

319.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

378.6

384.9

495.7

472.3

..

..

469.3

331.3

447.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

388.3

515.7

621.2

642.6

824.8

775.5

936.5

357.4

348.9

360.2

333.3

455.9

583.3

582.4

744.0

636.9

776.9

348.5

370.9

383.2

381.8

410.1

534.3

508.8

674.6

461.2

666.1

500.7

606.3

574.4

764.4

585.7

768.7

393.4

469.5

464.9

608.5

461.7

597.9

.. 300.1

.. 320.3

.. 318.1

.. 290.7

441.0

508.3

499.0

541.5

614.2

681.5

757.2

789.2

928.3

842.3

930.5

174.3

157.3

156.3

167.6

148.6

220.3

262.9

294.7

436.6

318.7

439.1

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

..

259.2 ..

267.2 ..

.. 243.0 .. 277.2 ..

.. 240.0 .. 272.5 ..

.. 324.6 .. 360.3 ..

.. 376.1 .. 422.6 ..

.. 446.3 .. 429.9 ..

..

..

..

c

c

c

..

..

..

564.6 ..

449.0 ..

566.4 ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 389

Table 4 Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

Australia

..

..

..

..

Austria

c

c

c

84.8

101.0

114.2

220.1

195.6

196.7

144.7

147.1

150.4

Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic

139.9 .. .. 241.6

115.2 .. .. 185.3

140.2 .. .. 184.2

2000

.. 303.0

2001 ..

.. 334.5

2002 ..

.. 318.7

2003 .. 146.4 x 206.0 .. 294.1

2004 .. 141.2 x 149.6 .. 299.9

2005 .. 165.5 x 198.1 .. 346.7

2006 .. 210.3 x 208.8 .. 465.1

2007 .. 185.5 x 231.8 .. 415.7

2008 .. 274.8

2009 .. 179.6

2010 .. 233.3

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

547.1

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France

129.3 ..

98.1 ..

119.3 ..

199.9 .. 187.7

168.9 ..

..

Germany

122.9

104.5

124.8

Greece

246.7

211.0

233.8

Hungary

205.0

182.1

168.1

382.3

347.7

358.5

Ireland

119.6

92.0

90.0

158.4

171.7

157.8

..

166.3

176.2

..

176.8 ..

179.8 .. 192.3 .. .. 163.6

181.3 .. 181.6 .. .. 163.1

263.0 .. 267.4 .. .. 226.8

307.9 .. 336.8 .. .. 277.8

320.3 .. 327.6 .. .. 258.6

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Japan

149.7

Korea

278.4

Luxembourg Mexico

.. 158.4

.. 309.5 .. 121.5

.. 325.7 .. 133.5

.. 417.7 .. 193.5

.. 432.5 .. 161.8

.. 446.7 .. 174.4

.. 452.2 .. 220.1

.. 488.3 .. 225.3

429.2 .. 481.4 .. .. 407.6 598.4 c

333.7 .. 375.4 ..

440.8 .. 472.6 ..

..

..

..

..

429.3 c

497.5 c

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

271.9

382.2

376.6

662.9

530.0

655.4

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

235.3

154.0

166.0

265.9

231.9

292.4

337.6

347.1

435.0

544.0

571.0

683.8

660.8

Portugal

125.5

89.4

104.4

230.5

186.7

214.6

227.2

207.5

256.2

374.3

389.9

504.4

382.7

Slovak Republic

197.4

177.1

203.8

Slovenia

..

..

..

x 810.4 ..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

209.6

187.7

215.0

Sweden

114.6

103.3

83.1

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

336.0

300.1

320.3

317.7

Turkey

364.0

305.1

360.5

455.6

519.9

653.7

591.2

608.0

880.2 1081.4 1183.2 1452.0 1332.7 1412.5

United Kingdom

136.2

107.4

127.2

188.3

181.9

199.6

241.8

224.6

332.5

369.9

352.2

455.5

468.0

624.0

United States

116.8

86.9

99.9

178.6

156.0

153.9

199.7

203.5

292.9

326.7

359.6

572.7

370.5

528.6

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe OECD Total

.. 166.3

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

390 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 Light fuel oil prices for industry in USD/1000 litres (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997 ..

1998 ..

1999

2000

2001

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

236.9

215.2

Belgium

204.6

159.4

181.4

325.3

307.1

Canada

209.4

164.1

201.8

326.2

293.5

Chile

..

..

2002

..

..

..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

345.4

397.5

475.8

567.1

589.4

553.3

505.7

678.5

276.6

296.6

348.6

478.6

539.5

542.5

719.1

474.0

602.7

283.5

316.6

378.8

512.0

535.7

568.2

766.3

510.0

569.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

540.3

500.4

565.5

812.3

640.8

519.5

561.8

749.6

944.9

980.9

927.3 1158.5

808.6 1012.1

Denmark

245.5

219.7

247.6

364.8

347.6

344.6

348.9

383.6

477.3

531.3

542.2

501.9

838.9

906.1

863.5 1230.3

928.9 1207.4

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

663.3

664.7

Finland

243.5

210.5

237.6

356.6

324.6

299.3

317.3

373.0

488.4

554.7

554.3

748.2

538.3

691.9

France

255.5

213.2

241.6

370.9

320.6

306.0

313.5

365.1

491.1

558.2

565.9

733.6

497.9

648.2

Germany

220.7

181.1

227.8

364.3

336.5

321.0

331.9

376.3

519.7

601.9

595.8

786.2

546.5

673.7

Greece

519.4

413.0

405.1

629.5

633.6

567.5

599.2

676.7

809.9

918.9

901.0 1054.5

834.1

932.6

Hungary Ireland Israel

1200.1 1178.9 1316.2 1594.6 1508.1 1581.7 1745.8 295.1 ..

235.4 ..

240.4 ..

358.7 ..

333.1 ..

329.3 ..

336.5 ..

.. 369.7 ..

.. 478.0 ..

.. 557.6 ..

.. 576.7 ..

.. 736.0 c

.. 558.7 c

.. 756.6 c

Italy

744.7

718.6

751.3

872.4

845.4

821.5

828.8

867.5 1007.2 1116.5 1139.0 1374.5 1112.9 1262.4

Japan

191.1

171.7

170.3

199.7

213.4

212.1

235.0

270.5

643.5

589.7

730.2

757.4

719.0

805.9

953.0 1108.0 1204.4 1221.2 1573.1 1199.3 1296.8

Korea

..

373.5

465.4

499.0

730.0

412.0

511.7

Luxembourg

230.4

193.0

216.6

345.0

312.6

295.3

304.8

360.2

464.0

535.2

533.6

709.5

471.8

592.4

Mexico

190.9

128.2

158.4

222.4

190.5

217.1

277.0

300.6

393.8

469.9

494.8

725.3

617.9

732.2

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

240.7

234.8

260.0

364.9

376.6

359.8

311.5

305.1

353.1

461.0

439.1

635.0

465.1

522.9

Norway

332.2

287.0

342.3

449.2

455.5

428.8

484.4

522.1

641.8

618.7

615.3

820.7

648.1

718.7

Poland

527.7

334.2

410.3

630.5

554.0

565.9

649.3

762.0

965.7 1069.2 1047.5 1256.1 1011.7 1207.8

Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

.. 336.7 .. 349.3

.. 315.4 .. 305.6

.. 329.4 .. 338.6

.. 451.4 .. 499.3

.. 613.3 .. 454.9

.. 654.6 .. 434.5

.. 646.4 .. 442.9

.. 633.4 .. 491.2

..

..

..

..

..

..

937.5 1106.6

967.5 1364.1

767.5

844.5

815.2 1045.6

745.9

967.8

625.7

721.3

733.0

670.7

834.9

973.3

757.2 1083.0

Sweden

201.4

181.3

196.9

307.8

301.5

279.2

293.5

338.2

437.7

498.0

509.2

669.0

481.4

567.5

Switzerland

149.3

113.2

131.3

234.4

211.3

187.2

203.4

244.6

346.1

419.0

439.9

616.6

372.4

483.7

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

211.6

167.3

179.6

272.0

279.2

268.0

299.3

342.3

437.7

537.5

534.6

803.7

656.5

782.2

United States

155.7

111.5

135.2

227.6

198.6

183.1

232.3

297.4

427.7

484.6

547.6

725.6

437.3

567.1

OECD Europe

321.0

271.6

288.2

428.4

388.9

382.8

390.2

436.1

557.2

635.2

643.6

856.6

641.4

782.1

OECD Total

226.3

196.2

210.8

306.7

282.1

274.5

308.2

353.6

476.4

547.4

583.4

787.8

522.8

644.5

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 391

Table 6 Light fuel oil prices for households in USD/1000 litres (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997 ..

1998 ..

1999 ..

2000 ..

2001 ..

2002 ..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

Austria

345.0

295.9

323.5

499.0

451.3

427.1

445.0

546.2

688.6

799.0

766.7 1019.8

733.5

885.4

Belgium

247.5

192.8

219.5

393.6

371.6

334.6

357.2

428.7

579.1

652.8

656.4

870.1

573.5

729.2

Canada

340.2

315.9

313.4

436.3

441.4

403.6

466.2

509.1

643.3

679.4

700.5

898.4

646.9

723.6

990.1 1185.0 1229.1 1246.2 1629.9 1224.1 1184.3

Chile

445.8

423.9

452.3

650.1

787.3

773.1

901.4

Czech Republic

790.6

735.9

813.3 1117.1

907.8

758.9

813.1 1026.1 1247.7 1292.9 1230.1 1507.5 1092.8 1368.3

Denmark

523.4

502.8

553.0

667.0

667.9

668.6

Estonia

..

..

..

664.3 ..

..

..

..

715.7 ..

831.7

906.5

923.0 1080.8

881.0 1097.0

989.9 1069.2 1018.9 1451.8 1105.2 1448.9

Finland

297.1

256.8

289.9

435.1

396.0

365.1

387.1

455.1

595.9

676.7

676.2

912.8

656.7

847.6

France

360.3

311.6

340.3

489.3

434.4

402.5

415.1

480.9

630.6

718.8

724.5

942.7

654.9

817.2

Germany

254.6

209.6

264.3

422.6

390.3

372.4

385.0

436.5

602.9

698.2

709.0

935.6

650.4

801.7

Greece

613.0

487.3

478.0

742.8

747.7

669.7

707.0

798.5

961.8 1093.5 1072.2 1254.9

Hungary

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

349.5

479.8

448.7

428.1

449.2

501.7

624.3

Israel

312.1

293.6

355.0

490.8

449.7

507.8

609.3

809.5

978.2 1198.3 1328.6 1695.1 1384.8 1599.6

Italy

888.1

862.3

901.6 1046.9 1014.5

985.8

994.6 1041.0 1208.7 1339.8 1366.8 1649.4 1335.4 1514.8

Japan

295.4

268.5

261.7

305.0

333.1

317.1

342.4

383.0

Korea

535.8

669.0

650.7

750.3

765.7

720.3

804.2

945.1 1103.0 1200.7 1212.4 1572.8 1201.4 1302.7

Luxembourg

242.4

200.4

226.7

370.5

334.3

314.5

325.2

393.0

Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

.. 395.4 ..

.. 374.2 ..

.. 433.9 ..

.. 627.5 ..

.. 671.9 ..

.. 633.9 ..

.. 646.9 ..

.. 726.4 ..

..

585.9 ..

584.3 ..

781.1 ..

906.0 1014.7 1028.5 1149.7 ..

..

786.4 ..

.. ..

563.9

583.6

568.6

600.6

Poland

616.7

550.2

575.8

879.8

802.7

795.5

878.6 1008.6 1254.6 1400.7 1361.4 1617.1 1343.3 1536.7

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

1005.0 .. 405.2

981.1 .. 354.4

..

..

974.9 1096.9 1279.6 .. 392.8

.. 579.2

.. 527.6

.. 738.9 .. 504.0

.. 778.3 .. 513.8

699.2 .. .. 569.7

810.1

..

437.5

..

769.1 1025.9

..

649.9

371.4

..

773.3

..

514.8

684.3

423.9

..

802.3

..

581.4

944.2

Norway

Portugal

647.4

506.7

908.1

725.6

x

352.2

660.8

922.3

x

387.9

638.5

740.8

x

Ireland

492.6

716.8

992.5 1135.6

898.4

894.7 1018.3 1102.6 1446.2 1077.2 1304.3 ..

..

..

..

..

..

921.0 1013.4

978.2 1254.7

895.1 1161.4

725.8

850.3 1129.1

778.1

836.8

980.9

Sweden

471.2

430.4

454.3

593.8

642.2

673.8

744.1

865.8

985.0 1081.3 1130.7 1355.3 1167.5 1278.0

Switzerland

182.9

145.7

164.1

274.2

252.0

230.8

247.2

287.7

402.4

Turkey

1117.4

476.5

504.0

706.9

450.0

562.9

978.6 1239.0 1536.2 1811.0 1769.5 1690.4 1723.8 2214.8 2510.7 2559.1 2982.6 2459.2 2490.4

United Kingdom

243.3

193.3

212.9

338.2

305.0

253.8

289.8

347.3

481.5

584.7

620.6

914.0

685.2

824.5

United States

276.0

241.6

252.8

357.1

344.2

314.5

369.8

415.7

552.4

636.9

717.5

892.0

661.3

777.6

OECD Europe

355.9

311.5

357.9

515.7

482.7

459.0

470.1

535.4

691.4

782.3

799.5 1004.9

718.5

875.4

OECD Total

331.3

294.4

327.9

456.5

444.8

416.9

444.0

500.0

643.8

741.0

765.3

699.4

836.4

979.5

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

392 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 Automotive diesel oil prices for commercial use in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997 ..

1998 ..

1999 ..

2000 ..

2001 ..

2002 ..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008 ..

2009 ..

2010 ..

Austria

0.620

0.574

0.578

0.721

0.679

0.669

0.650

0.687

0.735

0.827

0.826

0.900

0.761

0.866

Belgium

0.598

0.539

0.568

0.733

0.710

0.692

0.711

0.818

0.956

1.009

1.020

1.184

0.975

1.142

Canada

0.462

0.455

0.455

0.553

0.566

0.518

0.562

0.614

0.764

0.800

0.817

1.000

0.739

0.822

Chile

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Czech Republic

1.210

1.064

1.101

1.425

1.389

1.244

1.278

1.455

1.636

1.733

1.732

1.950

1.630

1.911

Denmark

0.461

0.491

0.531

0.675

0.656

0.654

0.635

0.649

0.714

0.785

0.802

0.947

0.786

0.889

1.355

1.415

1.325

1.762

1.464

1.801

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.525

0.521

0.557

0.700

0.663

0.641

0.655

0.713

0.813

0.882

0.888

1.127

0.893

1.006

France

0.575

0.551

0.594

0.751

0.726

0.712

0.707

0.788

0.926

0.999

1.023

1.197

0.954

1.097

Germany

0.556

0.509

0.567

0.715

0.742

0.769

0.832

0.902

1.061

1.149

1.183

1.377

1.137

1.282

Greece

0.638

0.566

0.626

0.830

0.801

0.798

0.783

0.902

1.036

1.146

1.151

1.446

1.136

1.395

Hungary

1.201

1.179

1.316

1.595

1.508

1.402

1.393

1.387

1.591

1.761

1.674

1.997

1.713

1.994

Ireland

0.825

0.660

0.623

0.715

0.687

0.638

0.654

0.724

0.851

0.919

0.931

1.106

0.934

1.132

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

Italy

0.763

0.732

0.776

0.909

0.896

0.843

0.856

0.896

1.066

1.165

1.187

1.420

1.156

1.303

Japan

0.375

0.368

0.374

0.402

0.430

0.438

0.466

0.522

0.633

0.744

0.801

1.022

0.707

0.812

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

0.502

0.468

0.501

0.638

0.602

0.588

0.589

0.651

0.769

0.872

0.880

1.065

0.815

0.956

Mexico

0.482

0.499

0.580

0.596

0.623

0.632

0.630

0.613

0.640

0.656

0.695

0.732

0.877

0.936

Netherlands

0.638

0.613

0.654

0.805

0.760

0.736

0.720

0.831

0.960

1.052

1.076

1.278

0.987

1.153

New Zealand

0.337

0.296

0.309

0.449

0.435

0.392

0.369

0.429

0.522

0.677

0.618

0.867

0.604

0.677

Norway

0.680

0.677

0.724

0.881

0.759

0.721

0.742

0.779

0.886

0.942

0.944

1.128

0.969

1.031

Poland

0.755

0.723

0.864

1.137

1.124

1.156

1.262

1.396

1.615

1.696

1.676

1.867

1.605

1.858

Portugal

0.795

0.755

0.731

0.867

0.880

0.840

0.924

1.012

1.254

1.440

1.497

1.780

1.453

1.665

Slovak Republic

1.523

1.482

1.455

1.628

1.585

1.438

1.491

1.649

1.855

1.999

1.933

2.178

1.826

1.882

1.243

1.319

1.289

1.491

1.337

1.530

1.007

1.109

1.135

1.354

1.103

1.299

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.671

.. 0.636

.. 0.665

.. 0.817

.. 0.807

.. 0.810

.. 0.794

.. 0.858

Sweden

0.574

0.538

0.572

0.740

0.740

0.718

0.695

0.751

0.883

0.980

0.992

1.214

1.032

1.115

Switzerland

0.556

0.523

0.544

0.658

0.633

0.625

0.643

0.704

0.807

0.903

0.951

1.134

0.887

0.961

Turkey

1.043

0.909

1.171

1.537

1.712

1.790

1.801

1.896

2.355

2.623

2.666

3.214

2.785

3.097

United Kingdom

0.838

0.863

0.945

1.088

1.057

1.023

1.034

1.102

1.215

1.292

1.279

1.566

1.407

1.546

United States

0.315

0.276

0.297

0.395

0.371

0.348

0.398

0.477

0.633

0.714

0.761

1.003

0.651

0.791

OECD Europe

0.683

0.648

0.705

0.866

0.860

0.851

0.868

0.941

1.101

1.210

1.238

1.462

1.218

1.385

OECD Total

0.505

0.476

0.514

0.635

0.630

0.620

0.647

0.724

0.875

0.973

1.012

1.236

0.965

1.112

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 393

Table 8 Automotive diesel oil prices for non-commercial use in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

0.553

0.516

0.544

0.682

0.680

0.645

0.676

0.733

0.863

0.955

0.915

1.077

0.925

0.839

Austria

0.744

0.688

0.693

0.864

0.815

0.803

0.821

0.926

1.069

1.177

1.194

1.453

1.152

1.302

Belgium

0.732

0.672

0.695

0.910

0.882

0.839

0.860

0.983

1.156

1.221

1.234

1.433

1.179

1.382

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile

0.544

0.528

0.544

0.744

0.856

0.843

0.972

1.040

1.199

1.236

1.235

1.641

1.132

1.180

Czech Republic

1.476

1.298

1.342

1.738

1.695

1.518

1.560

1.742

1.947

2.062

2.061

2.320

1.940

2.294

Denmark

0.615

0.614

0.663

0.843

0.820

0.818

0.794

0.812

0.892

0.982

1.003

1.184

0.983

1.112

1.599

1.669

1.563

2.079

1.741

2.161

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.641

0.636

0.680

0.854

0.809

0.780

0.799

0.870

0.991

1.076

1.083

1.375

1.090

1.233

France

0.694

0.665

0.717

0.900

0.870

0.852

0.845

0.942

1.108

1.195

1.223

1.431

1.141

1.312

Germany

0.640

0.589

0.654

0.828

0.860

0.892

0.965

1.045

1.229

1.332

1.408

1.639

1.353

1.525

Greece

0.756

0.671

0.739

0.981

0.945

0.942

0.924

1.064

1.231

1.364

1.370

1.720

1.352

1.696

Hungary

1.502

1.474

1.645

1.993

1.885

1.753

1.741

1.731

1.975

2.113

2.009

2.396

2.099

2.493

Ireland

0.862

0.799

0.753

0.875

0.826

0.771

0.792

0.877

1.029

1.112

1.127

1.339

1.129

1.371

0.661

0.785

0.857

1.036

1.214

1.356

1.504

1.931

1.641

1.774

Israel

..

..

..

..

Italy

0.910

0.878

0.931

1.091

1.076

1.013

1.027

1.075

1.279

1.397

1.425

1.704

1.388

1.564

Japan

0.475

0.468

0.486

0.525

0.565

0.576

0.605

0.655

0.774

0.907

0.990

1.202

0.903

1.012

Korea

0.541

0.715

0.691

0.821

0.851

0.880

0.979

1.140

1.366

1.575

1.654

2.055

1.719

1.826

Luxembourg

0.577

0.539

0.577

0.733

0.692

0.676

0.677

0.748

0.885

1.003

1.012

1.225

0.937

1.100

Mexico

0.552

0.573

0.665

0.684

0.714

0.724

0.722

0.703

0.733

0.751

0.795

0.834

0.998

1.074

Netherlands

0.749

0.721

0.768

0.947

0.905

0.876

0.857

0.978

1.142

1.251

1.269

1.521

1.175

1.372

New Zealand

0.379

0.333

0.348

0.505

0.490

0.440

0.415

0.482

0.587

0.761

0.695

0.976

0.679

0.766

Norway

0.860

0.832

0.892

1.084

0.942

0.900

0.920

0.966

1.105

1.178

1.180

1.410

1.212

1.288

Poland

0.921

0.881

1.055

1.388

1.371

1.411

1.539

1.703

1.970

2.069

2.045

2.277

1.958

2.266

Portugal

0.854

0.814

0.788

0.935

0.948

0.911

1.004

1.099

1.369

1.577

1.639

1.946

1.585

1.820

Slovak Republic

1.873

1.823

1.790

2.002

1.949

1.769

1.789

1.963

2.208

2.379

2.300

2.591

2.175

2.239

1.491

1.582

1.546

1.789

1.605

1.836

1.167

1.287

1.316

1.571

1.281

1.520

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.778

.. 0.737

.. 0.771

.. 0.947

.. 0.937

.. 0.939

.. 0.921

.. 0.995

Sweden

0.717

0.673

0.716

0.924

0.925

0.897

0.869

0.939

1.104

1.225

1.240

1.517

1.290

1.394

Switzerland

0.680

0.645

0.660

0.776

0.761

0.754

0.765

0.825

0.940

1.049

1.105

1.306

1.043

1.134

Turkey

1.043

0.909

1.171

1.537

1.712

1.790

1.801

1.896

2.355

2.623

2.666

3.214

2.784

3.097

United Kingdom

0.984

1.015

1.111

1.278

1.243

1.203

1.215

1.295

1.429

1.518

1.503

1.837

1.619

1.816

United States

0.315

0.276

0.297

0.395

0.371

0.348

0.398

0.477

0.633

0.714

0.761

1.003

0.651

0.791

OECD Europe

0.802

0.765

0.829

1.018

1.009

0.996

1.017

1.104

1.295

1.417

1.453

1.721

1.428

1.631

OECD Total

0.576

0.552

0.594

0.731

0.729

0.719

0.750

0.839

1.008

1.120

1.166

1.422

1.125

1.287

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

394 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 9 Premium leaded/lead replacement gasoline prices in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Australia

0.572

0.543

0.567

0.697

0.678

0.664

0.688

Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic

x 1.090 x .. 1.776

x 1.021 x .. 1.639

x 1.051 x .. 1.696

x 1.237

x 1.214

x 1.211

2007

2008

2009

2010 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

2.084

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France Germany Greece Hungary

x 1.006 x 1.062 ..

x 0.991 x 0.980 ..

x 1.043 x 0.983 ..

x 1.243 x 1.196 ..

x 1.221 x 1.176

x 1.210 x 1.188

x 1.169 x 1.144

x 1.221 x 1.251

x 1.374 x 1.315

x 1.501 x 1.482

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

x 1.498

x 1.688

x 1.508

x 2.061

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

x

x

Ireland

0.994

0.994

0.958

1.078

Israel

1.038

0.986

1.047

1.209

1.171

Italy

1.214

1.189

1.226

1.379

1.350

1.224 x

1.267 x

1.405 x

1.469 x

1.600 x

1.643 x

1.773 x

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

Luxembourg

0.789

0.755

Mexico

x

x

x

Netherlands

x

x

x

New Zealand

x

x

x

1.385 x

Norway

1.027

1.032

1.038

1.224

Poland

1.116

1.118

1.341

1.710

Portugal

1.247

1.209

..

..

1.357 x 1.110

1.355 x 1.050

1.338 x 1.095

x

x

x

..

..

..

1.464 x 1.188 x 1.526

1.596 x 1.290 x 1.760

1.722 x 1.378 x 2.034

1.812 x 1.397 x 2.110

1.923 x 1.499 x 2.263

x 1.406 x 2.075

x 1.470 x 2.339

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

Spain

1.006

0.976

1.006

1.192 1.074

Sweden

0.922

0.899

0.937

Switzerland

0.698

0.671

0.691

x

1.168

1.188

1.176

1.239

1.357

1.511

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

1.543

1.483

1.805

2.058

2.320

2.417

2.339

2.421

United Kingdom

1.058

1.102

1.183

1.335

1.272

1.227

1.248

1.336

3.033

3.238

3.299

3.557

3.335

3.727

..

x

x

x

x

x

United States

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 395

Table 10 Regular unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

0.555

0.526

0.544

0.675

0.656

0.641

0.663

0.714

0.807

0.880

0.852

0.952

0.885

0.827

Austria

0.911

0.868

0.870

1.030

0.973

0.958

0.974

1.065

1.146

1.252

1.273

1.415

1.234

1.399

Belgium

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Canada

0.492

0.456

0.500

0.591

0.578

0.572

0.601

0.661

0.761

0.808

0.841

0.933

0.793

0.847

Chile

0.855

0.827

0.884

1.142

1.350

1.358

1.481

1.526

1.627

1.639

1.612

1.695

1.347

1.515

1.895

1.696

1.745

1.848

1.961

2.076

2.090

2.178

1.988

2.353

0.962

0.978

0.957

0.992

1.044

1.143

1.177

1.272

1.190

1.319

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

.. 0.781 ..

.. 0.758 ..

.. 0.844 ..

.. 0.987 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. x

Finland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

France

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Germany Greece Hungary

0.836 x 1.635

0.803 x 1.624

0.870 x 1.806

1.023 x 2.126

1.050 x 2.007

1.091 x 1.913

1.168 x 1.872

1.244

1.388

1.515

1.599

1.722

1.607

x 1.762

x

x

x

x

x

x

x x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Japan

0.619

0.586

0.607

0.671

0.702

0.725

0.761

0.836

0.961

1.104

1.164

1.343

1.048

1.193

Korea

1.124

1.450

1.579

1.673

1.689

1.649

1.630

1.715

1.810

1.922

1.985

2.157

1.967

2.079

Luxembourg

0.692

0.664

0.726

0.872

0.826

0.822

0.824

0.981

Mexico

0.707

0.727

0.802

0.824

0.861

0.872

0.852

0.840

Netherlands New Zealand

x 0.623

x 0.585

x 0.594

x 0.741

x 0.712

x 0.700

x 0.702

x 0.769

.. 0.895 x 0.860

.. 0.921 x 1.044

.. 0.947 x 1.027

.. 0.968 x 1.215

.. 0.988 x 1.068

.. 1.035 x 1.155

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Portugal

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Sweden

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United Kingdom

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

United States OECD Europe OECD Total

0.317 .. 0.432

0.272 .. 0.395

0.300 .. 0.429

0.392 .. 0.521

0.375 .. 0.518

0.355 .. 0.505

0.412 .. 0.552

0.489 .. 0.618

0.600 .. 0.724

0.679 .. 0.806

0.739 .. 0.860

0.859 .. 0.979

0.619 .. 0.769

0.735 .. 0.877

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

396 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 11 Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline prices in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997 x

1998 x

1999 x

2000 x

2001 x

2002 x

2003 x

2004 x

2005 x

2006 x

2007 x

2008 x

2009 x

2010 x

Austria

0.981

0.935

0.938

1.122

1.073

1.072

1.085

1.179

1.280

1.397

1.425

1.560

1.413

1.565

Belgium

1.033

0.976

0.994

1.243

1.220

1.217

1.208

1.299

1.456

1.557

1.581

1.691

1.544

1.702

Canada

0.568

0.536

0.578

0.666

0.654

0.643

0.676

0.739

0.841

0.891

0.922

1.019

0.888

0.946

Chile

0.887

0.852

0.912

1.157

1.373

1.372

1.494

1.560

1.657

1.683

1.701

1.775

1.440

1.613

2.128

1.939

2.026

2.132

2.227

2.311

2.285

2.374

2.161

2.525

0.986

1.010

0.988

1.025

1.085

1.186

1.219

1.316

1.240

1.367

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia

.. 0.806 ..

.. 0.783 ..

.. 0.868 ..

.. 1.011 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.943

0.946

1.013

1.164

1.118

1.096

1.106

1.199

1.267

1.384

1.415

1.592

1.453

1.600

France

0.976

0.960

1.003

1.184

1.152

1.146

1.105

1.154

1.302

1.412

1.465

1.568

1.418

1.584

Germany

0.879

0.839

0.913

1.076

1.115

1.155

1.233

1.311

1.466

1.611

1.689

1.808

1.692

1.842

Greece

x

x

x

x

Hungary

1.778

1.740

1.925

2.237

Ireland

1.015

1.014

0.986

1.092

x 2.116

x 2.018

x 2.006

x 1.988

x 2.093

x 2.227

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Japan

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand

0.714 x 1.086 x

0.684 x 1.086 x

0.751 x 1.136 x

0.921 x 1.353 x

0.886 x 1.326 x

0.878 x 1.342 x

0.863 x 1.306 x

1.009 x 1.428 x

1.108 x 1.569 x

1.207 x 1.696 x

1.235 x 1.777 x

1.321 x 1.874 x

1.171 x 1.647 x

1.312 x .. x

Norway

1.002

0.962

1.020

1.191

1.078

1.017

1.062

1.150

1.249

1.344

1.363

1.464

1.372

1.438

Poland

1.197

1.205

1.414

1.819

1.828

1.869

1.955

2.112

2.238

2.254

2.391

2.448

2.351

2.561

Portugal

1.254

1.217

1.203

1.289

1.349

1.299

1.447

1.534

1.776

2.045

2.137

2.287

2.081

2.268

Slovak Republic

1.681

1.595

1.775

2.211

2.138

2.050

2.038

2.191

2.332

2.513

2.476

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 1.726 ..

x 1.700 ..

x 1.959 ..

Sweden

0.922

0.902

0.940

1.086

1.041

1.035

1.047

1.132

1.209

1.309

1.342

1.479

1.405

1.494

Switzerland

0.660

0.635

0.656

0.782

0.769

0.765

0.765

0.822

0.901

1.015

1.081

1.186

1.018

1.113

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

1.123

1.206

1.270

1.372

1.321

1.271

1.270

1.357

1.468

1.563

1.557

1.775

1.646

1.886

United States

0.365

0.321

0.349

0.439

0.423

0.404

0.462

0.539

0.652

0.733

0.795

0.923

0.682

0.798

OECD Europe

0.998

0.995

1.066

1.230

1.236

1.230

1.256

1.340

1.471

1.590

1.626

1.759

1.627

OECD Total

0.513

0.475

0.512

0.612

0.598

0.577

0.623

0.697

0.806

0.887

0.938

1.063

0.846

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 0.961

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 397

Table 12 Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline prices in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0 Australia

1997

..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0.942

0.904

1.011

0.949

0.897

0.985

0.976

0.995

1.085

1.167

1.273

1.293

1.419

1.236

1.400

Belgium

1.008

0.939

0.980

1.173

1.138

1.132

1.158

1.273

1.423

1.532

1.562

1.667

1.520

1.674

0.609

0.639

0.710

0.815

0.860

0.896

0.992

0.864

0.929

..

..

2003

1.046 ..

..

2002

0.888 ..

..

2001

0.885 ..

..

2000

0.931 ..

..

1999

Austria Canada

..

1998

Chile

0.882

0.843

0.899

1.153

1.362

1.371

1.496

1.545

1.646

1.654

1.659

1.744

1.394

1.554

Czech Republic

1.731

1.577

1.635

2.020

1.921

1.717

1.766

1.868

1.989

2.108

2.117

2.216

2.017

2.380

Denmark

0.790

0.766

0.851

0.994

0.969

0.987

0.962

0.999

1.051

1.151

1.184

1.279

1.198

1.325

1.587

1.663

1.584

1.891

1.769

2.172

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.929

0.930

0.992

1.141

1.096

1.072

1.084

1.170

1.239

1.355

1.381

1.548

1.411

1.559

France

0.966

0.950

0.994

1.161

1.128

1.120

1.084

1.129

1.257

1.370

1.426

1.528

1.375

1.541

Germany

0.862

0.824

0.897

1.050

1.072

1.113

1.191

1.268

1.411

1.538

1.616

1.726

1.607

1.762

Greece

0.994

0.914

0.914

1.134

1.124

1.114

1.073

1.168

1.235

1.384

1.410

1.583

1.412

1.953

Hungary

1.672

1.644

1.836

2.154

2.035

1.940

1.931

1.898

2.026

2.161

2.108

2.280

2.219

2.623

Ireland

0.897

0.847

0.807

0.929

0.895

0.852

0.858

0.948

1.029

1.134

1.166

1.290

1.218

1.480

1.124

1.211

1.170

1.225

1.266

1.399

1.460

1.589

1.641

1.770

1.590

1.774

1.173

1.323

1.303

1.240

1.241

1.291

1.407

1.541

1.590

1.751

1.581

1.756

Israel Italy

.. 1.156

.. 1.126

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2.219

2.321

Luxembourg

0.702

0.669

0.735

0.881

0.838

0.827

0.826

0.981

1.073

1.183

1.214

1.301

1.147

1.283

Mexico

0.780

0.801

0.885

0.916

0.964

0.979

0.971

0.988

1.047

1.086

1.158

1.201

1.222

1.234

Netherlands

1.061

1.059

1.107

1.299

1.266

1.268

1.250

1.378

1.509

1.629

1.703

1.817

1.584

1.761

New Zealand

0.657

0.620

0.628

0.773

0.746

0.735

0.738

0.807

0.896

1.087

1.066

1.259

1.119

1.211

Norway

0.968

0.929

0.990

1.157

1.044

0.983

1.028

1.111

1.215

1.318

1.332

1.439

1.343

1.390

Poland

1.094

1.107

1.339

1.704

1.694

1.745

1.820

2.008

2.135

2.158

2.286

2.320

2.216

2.421

Portugal

1.210

1.166

1.153

1.239

1.294

1.239

1.366

1.443

1.675

1.932

2.006

2.139

1.953

2.167

Slovak Republic

1.617

1.542

1.794

2.114

2.019

1.892

1.880

2.041

2.187

2.362

2.315

2.411

2.198

2.481

1.501

1.638

1.638

1.693

1.669

1.920

1.249

1.386

1.421

1.539

1.409

1.647

Slovenia Spain

.. 0.971

.. 0.925

.. 0.955

.. 1.115

.. 1.091

.. 1.110

.. 1.085

.. 1.145

Sweden

0.883

0.859

0.897

1.041

1.011

0.995

1.007

1.095

1.168

1.265

1.312

1.431

1.364

1.457

Switzerland

0.645

0.617

0.639

0.756

0.734

0.731

0.738

0.800

0.876

0.990

1.053

1.151

0.984

1.079

Turkey

1.531

1.462

1.796

2.063

2.316

2.410

2.332

2.413

3.052

3.276

3.334

3.591

3.351

3.727

United Kingdom

0.973

1.004

1.074

1.256

1.209

1.168

1.185

1.268

1.363

1.456

1.463

1.674

1.546

1.780

United States

0.339

0.296

0.326

0.417

0.400

0.380

0.438

0.515

0.626

0.706

0.768

0.891

0.651

0.766

OECD Europe

1.005

0.980

1.051

1.223

1.205

1.197

1.211

1.287

1.419

1.542

1.586

1.728

1.588

1.795

OECD Total

0.541

0.502

0.545

0.648

0.630

0.610

0.650

0.719

0.828

0.910

0.961

1.082

0.906

1.024

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

398 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 13 Automotive LPG prices for commercial use in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010 ..

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

0.333 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

..

..

..

France

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

..

..

..

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

Mexico

..

..

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

..

..

..

..

Portugal

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

0.553

0.394 .. 0.432

0.484

.. 0.464

0.558

0.331 .. 0.404

0.489

.. 0.457

.. 0.480

.. 0.502

.. 0.757 ..

.. 0.881 ..

.. 0.828 ..

0.974 .. 1.005 ..

..

.. 0.560

..

0.867

..

0.442

..

0.900

..

0.539

..

0.828

..

0.480

..

0.796

..

0.458

..

0.686

..

0.378

Czech Republic

0.635

..

0.355

Chile

0.464

..

0.332

0.790 .. 0.877 ..

.. 0.910 .. 1.026 ..

0.582

0.658

0.666

0.719

0.644

0.704

0.529

0.581

0.589

0.663

0.612

0.652

..

0.513

0.528

0.516

0.548

0.646

0.639

0.721

0.603

0.709

0.415

0.439

0.456

0.493

0.576

0.627

0.780

0.629

0.706

.. 0.349 .. 0.400

.. 0.373 .. 0.395

.. 0.399 .. 0.429

.. 0.428 .. 0.478

.. 0.484 .. 0.550

0.503 .. 0.581

0.555 .. 0.671

0.461 .. 0.572

.. 0.635 .. ..

0.547

0.559

0.588

0.669

0.625

0.731

0.786

0.871

1.127

0.862

0.817

0.446

0.695

0.771

0.776

0.890

0.720

0.914

0.613

0.721

0.682

0.685

0.579

0.727

0.477

.. 0.499

.. 0.528

..

0.810

.. 0.571

0.820

..

0.961

..

0.758

..

0.892

..

0.641

..

0.906

..

..

0.967 .. 0.641

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1.332

1.277

1.254

1.751

1.965

1.812

2.073

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 399

Table 14 Automotive LPG prices for non-commercial use in USD/litre (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0.404

0.382

0.437

0.413

0.386

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

0.441 .. 0.808

0.404 ..

..

0.402 ..

0.430 ..

0.456 ..

0.554 ..

.. 0.580 ..

.. 0.652 ..

.. 0.534 ..

Chile

..

..

..

Czech Republic

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

..

..

..

France

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

..

..

..

..

Ireland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

..

..

..

Japan

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

Mexico

..

..

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

New Zealand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

..

..

..

..

Portugal

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

.. 0.557

0.663

0.414 .. 0.509

0.561

0.925

0.403

..

.. 0.554

1.171

0.670

0.375 .. 0.480

0.568

.. 0.678 ..

0.886

1.000

1.035

1.086

1.099

1.166

1.435

1.178

1.214

0.774

0.837

0.953

0.986

1.070

1.032

1.159

0.941

1.092

.. 0.547

1.084

.. 0.573

1.104

.. 0.601

..

.. 0.893 ..

.. 1.040 ..

.. 0.977 ..

.. 1.186 ..

.. 1.043 ..

.. 1.231 ..

0.695

0.786

0.796

0.859

0.770

0.842

0.617

0.674

0.701

0.789

0.728

0.776

.. 1.163

.. 1.305

.. 1.274

.. 1.396

.. 1.218

.. 1.427 .. ..

0.616

0.633

0.619

0.658

0.776

0.767

0.864

0.723

0.851

0.442

0.466

0.483

0.522

0.607

0.660

0.818

0.672

0.747

0.714

0.846

0.916

0.965

1.007

1.282

1.033

1.158

0.395

0.423

0.453

0.514

0.533

0.589

0.489

0.605

.. 0.374 .. 0.477

.. 0.470

.. 0.511

.. 0.569

.. 0.654

.. 0.807

.. 0.799

.. 0.681

.. 0.755 .. ..

0.782

0.924

1.000

1.106

1.088

1.172

0.988

1.180

0.645

0.665

0.700

0.814

0.896

0.902

1.034

0.905

1.069

0.712

0.833

0.935

1.036

1.341

1.291

1.199

0.842

1.040

0.834

0.926

0.931

1.068

0.863

1.097

0.711

0.837

0.791

0.794

0.671

0.851

.. 0.554

.. 0.579

.. 0.613

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

United Kingdom

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.980 ..

2.289 ..

2.154 ..

2.469 ..

United States

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Europe

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

400 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 15 Natural gas prices for industry in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) (using PPPs) 0

1997

Australia

139.1

Austria

157.6

Belgium

127.6

c

c

Canada

83.3

88.1

99.1

Chile Czech Republic

.. 379.5

1998 .. 151.6

.. 371.3

1999 .. 148.0

.. 349.5

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c 108.3 .. 401.3

c 138.3 .. 416.7

c 160.1 .. 396.7

c 239.9 .. 407.6

c 236.5 .. 391.1

c 290.6 .. 489.4

c 255.4 .. 646.9

.. 191.7 .. 570.3

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

438.3

347.0

308.1

304.7

164.6

135.4

.. 766.4 c

.. 744.2 506.6

.. 756.0 ..

558.2

542.5

625.3

Finland

125.7

124.1

119.8

142.6

139.2

134.2

139.0

140.6

156.7

208.0

208.0

276.9

263.2

288.6

France

151.3

146.6

143.9

205.7

239.7

213.9

228.1

224.6

287.9

363.7

338.8

468.1

360.0

419.3

Germany

170.0

161.9

155.5

210.8

Greece

234.5

176.7

199.8

311.2

307.0

290.9

284.5

269.0

352.2

Hungary

318.3

329.5

316.4

286.8

318.8

322.6

438.5

461.7

536.3

738.4

Ireland

295.5

173.6

166.3

163.5

161.4

194.2

202.9

233.5

298.0

377.1

Israel

..

..

Italy

206.6

190.1

Japan

332.7

279.7

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

271.2

315.3

330.4

311.2

319.4

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

180.9

150.0

149.7

232.5

242.0

180.9

325.0

Netherlands

138.8

132.1

120.8

202.4

216.4

193.5

212.2

New Zealand

130.4

131.2

132.5

130.2

132.0

137.9

163.7

Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

x 282.1 .. 290.3 .. 190.5 ..

Switzerland

181.7

Turkey

x 278.0 .. 309.9 .. 172.0 ..

x 277.5 .. 292.5 .. 168.4 ..

x 314.0 .. 296.1 .. 259.2 ..

.. 327.8 .. 265.6 ..

x

..

.. ..

..

.. 448.7

446.8

817.2 1008.6

963.8

c ..

326.8

434.1

439.1

315.8

341.2

406.6

444.9

491.9

509.4

608.5

666.4

470.1 .. 176.3 x

.. 545.7 .. 206.1 x

.. 518.0 .. 251.2 x

..

628.3

277.2

..

..

.. 517.7

443.7 c 561.4 ..

385.4 c 515.5 ..

.. 537.7 .. 370.3 c 469.8 ..

699.9

759.7

857.6

330.8

370.5

374.4

646.8

..

..

380.5

434.9

426.6

366.3

251.8

229.1

246.9

212.2

x

x

x

x

386.3

371.4

352.1

388.7

494.9

563.1

691.7

725.4

729.8

356.8

360.4

321.4

400.4

480.2

474.7

577.7

550.8

662.3

378.4

484.8

454.2

523.2

671.5

631.2

827.4

730.9

800.6

710.6

652.9

723.8

462.6

438.9

417.0

.. 239.4 ..

239.7 ..

228.7 ..

267.5 ..

384.3 ..

381.4 463.8

581.8

501.2

533.5

432.5

520.9

499.6

454.6

336.7

386.8

574.9

531.9

444.7

404.5

491.6

594.9

663.6

832.5

776.4

618.1

97.4

108.7

155.4

155.6

157.2

174.9

258.3

332.4

258.0

380.9

323.3

299.1

United States

136.2

119.0

118.7

171.0

198.6

154.4

223.8

252.0

325.2

302.0

293.8

371.3

202.8

207.4

OECD Europe

180.7

172.5

160.7

212.5

OECD Total

153.1

139.6

135.0

183.1

.. 238.7

.. 266.7

.. 333.5

368.2

..

342.2

..

287.8

..

101.8

181.1

249.8

..

98.0

..

242.4

..

398.1

210.4

245.4

..

172.6

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

271.8

x

..

..

184.3

United Kingdom

203.2

x 381.4

..

.. 350.9

.. 341.4

525.0

476.6

449.8

432.3

302.2

293.4

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 401

Table 16 Natural gas prices for electricity generation in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic

128.8 .. .. 379.5

.. 371.3

.. 349.5

162.5 .. 397.5

185.0 .. 405.4

184.8 .. 385.6

199.6 .. 396.3

181.7

224.9

205.4

235.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Denmark

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France Germany Greece

112.2 .. 141.5 c

107.5 .. 134.2 c

100.9 .. 134.3 c

123.4 .. 172.1 c

120.3

115.2

119.2

120.2

136.3

187.0

186.8

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

274.5

284.3

315.3

261.3

402.6

424.0

403.3

103.3

104.9

102.1

111.7

142.9

159.2

146.8

403.3

443.6

641.4

691.2

c

c

c

c

Israel

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Italy

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

..

..

..

..

..

..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

180.9

150.0

Netherlands

125.7

121.1

149.7

232.5

264.6

..

Ireland

152.0

239.0

..

Hungary

Japan

253.0

..

242.0

180.9

325.0

.. 421.4 .. 429.9

.. 476.4 .. 555.8

.. 586.2 .. 512.6

.. 592.5 .. 471.7

835.4 c 177.2 c .. 946.6 .. 631.4

810.0 c 196.0 c .. 717.2 .. 346.6

.. c 240.5 c .. .. .. 370.4

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Portugal

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain

290.3 .. 173.3

309.9 .. 160.2

292.5 .. 153.5

296.1 .. 243.8

327.0

375.5

..

356.0

356.3

419.2

471.8

487.9

524.6

519.2

243.2

272.2

343.3

427.4

411.2

547.5

431.6

464.4

484.8

454.2

523.2

671.5

631.2

955.8

934.9

597.0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Turkey

376.1

329.3

328.2

372.5

565.3

529.1

433.1

400.4

486.3

589.3

660.6

831.2

774.2

602.3

United Kingdom

118.5

118.3

108.7

108.1

123.0

112.9

123.7

140.0

185.5

238.2

222.9

298.9

254.1

258.8

United States

109.5

94.3

102.1

172.9

176.3

140.5

213.1

235.7

325.9

274.6

281.5

362.4

185.9

201.4

OECD Europe

156.9

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

130.3

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

402 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 17 Natural gas prices for households in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis) (using PPPs) 0

1997

Australia

340.6

Austria

413.2

406.9

402.4

419.8

Belgium

401.7

398.9

390.0

496.4

Canada

195.9

212.1

265.0

240.5

Chile

..

1998 ..

..

1999 ..

..

2000 ..

2001 .. 448.7 .. 373.8

2002 .. 449.3 .. 301.6

2003 .. 590.6 .. 388.1

2004 .. 632.0 .. 382.2

2005 .. 662.6 .. 420.3

320.9

412.0

452.9

582.0

622.7

628.1

645.9

634.2

718.1

Denmark

530.6

514.6

539.5

707.1

696.7

683.8

689.3

750.4

874.3

..

..

..

.. 730.1 .. 452.2

2007 .. 788.7 .. 428.9

2008 .. 822.2

2009 .. 887.8

2010 .. 841.8

874.6

753.2

757.8

436.8

379.4

364.3

1229.6 1504.2 1588.8 1277.4 1227.8 1374.5 1290.3 1364.9 1966.9 1644.2 1694.4

Czech Republic Estonia

2006

..

..

..

..

..

..

874.1

840.9 1059.3 1148.6 1136.3

..

..

..

..

..

896.1 1005.6

752.1

847.6

882.7

Finland

149.0

151.4

146.2

173.9

244.1

213.2

219.7

222.8

245.6

295.4

297.9

387.3

375.2

408.9

France

399.3

406.4

379.2

401.4

489.6

498.9

492.0

466.3

514.8

623.8

642.8

709.4

695.5

747.8

Germany

373.0

368.8

367.8

418.9

477.7

406.2

407.8

429.7

487.7

503.6

490.4

677.4

Greece

x

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

..

..

..

Hungary

363.3

460.9

434.0

409.1

388.3

394.6

453.0

360.3

380.3

488.4

860.9 1002.9 1130.1

Ireland

439.6

425.4

439.2

390.0

397.0

397.6

439.2

456.2

524.1

742.2

838.0

Israel

..

..

..

Italy

752.1

766.4

732.4

Japan

924.6

839.6

841.0

Korea Luxembourg Mexico

.. 274.5 ..

.. 260.5 ..

.. 243.7 ..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

901.4 .. 318.1 ..

949.6 .. 353.5 ..

946.8 .. 309.6 ..

.. 718.1

.. 764.8

.. 895.3

..

321.6 ..

744.5 ..

908.7 1001.1

991.7 1022.9 1058.5 1156.7 1212.1 ..

..

1016.7 1184.8 1055.1 1126.8

653.7

685.2

788.2

862.2

320.9

403.4

486.8

853.5

965.5

939.2

941.9

..

..

810.8 ..

.. 706.6 ..

979.3 1063.7 ..

..

888.2

916.9

921.1

657.0

568.0

561.0

668.7

735.9

720.7

Netherlands

382.4

391.2

381.9

436.8

494.7

537.7

574.9

604.6

719.0

825.6

878.6 1002.9

986.9

886.1

New Zealand

455.2

489.9

500.2

415.0

369.6

384.8

445.2

620.4

719.1

769.8

887.7 1069.1

999.3

915.4

Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden

x 491.9 .. 184.3 .. 670.2 ..

x 523.0 .. 182.1 .. 665.9 ..

x 556.6 .. 213.5 .. 615.9 ..

x 584.1 .. 316.1 .. 726.2 ..

x 669.2 .. 354.6 .. 766.8 ..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

717.6

975.6

994.8 1022.3 1133.4 1225.7 1190.1 1124.3 1091.8 1123.3

358.3

503.1

718.9 ..

.. 698.2 ..

657.2 .. 682.3 ..

766.9

x

751.8

..

725.1

x

762.9 .. 720.5 ..

932.5 1033.7 1214.1 1344.2 1240.4

981.0 .. 819.6 ..

986.7 1044.3 1103.8 1053.7 .. 870.3

1149.5 1153.8 1161.0 976.2

936.8

917.6

1120.6 1266.8 1283.3 1317.4

Switzerland

334.9

339.3

330.9

375.0

449.7

434.9

425.8

434.5

479.5

578.0

660.2

764.2

728.3

Turkey

476.6

432.8

468.3

573.1

695.8

628.5

515.4

457.0

584.5

700.7

782.1

958.0

944.8

798.9

United Kingdom

325.5

309.5

304.0

304.3

317.2

336.9

335.8

365.4

416.6

557.6

584.0

705.2

798.9

734.8

United States

266.8

262.2

257.2

321.5

369.1

303.8

365.5

412.8

492.1

528.2

500.7

533.5

459.5

429.5

OECD Europe

423.8

429.2

423.0

404.7

OECD Total

352.2

355.8

352.7

373.5

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 420.7

.. 385.2

.. 427.5

.. 484.6

.. 553.4

.. 632.5

.. 634.3

860.1

886.8

673.7

645.6

697.9

.. 614.4

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 403

Table 18 Steam coal prices for industry in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0 Australia Austria

1997 .. 61.24

1998 .. 62.41

1999 .. 57.38

2000 .. 64.92

2001 .. 67.61

2002 .. 87.83

2003

2004

2005

2006

..

..

..

..

2007 ..

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

86.26 155.24 159.73 166.01 168.37 197.10 204.30 207.00

Belgium

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Canada

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chile Czech Rep.*

.. 37.05

.. 36.64

.. 37.13

56.34

74.99

72.79

39.26

40.70

41.48

73.37 101.29

92.64

78.30

79.72 139.82 118.38

87.57

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland France

75.27

75.70

79.34

84.89

93.57

88.96

86.48 101.17 105.10 109.32 112.58 161.24 132.28 138.86 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Germany

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

101.45 104.42 105.69 108.10 115.95 113.71 109.19

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ireland

91.65 101.22 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

50.92

45.17

38.28

50.79

61.95

51.93

43.86

58.59

68.05

66.13

76.73 124.78 105.38 108.90

Japan

34.16

33.62

26.56

25.33

32.14

33.48

29.92

43.02

54.96

64.72

76.42 118.04

Korea

54.62

56.95

73.46

83.37

82.09

81.15

82.59

78.53

81.73

70.80

85.89 164.86 140.59

98.63

90.28 ..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

82.24

92.28

84.65

90.90

94.94

89.08

95.13 102.13 106.02 109.27 117.31 136.93 158.32 154.62

Portugal

53.79

40.38

37.78

51.36

64.09

51.93

51.36

Slovak Republic

76.97

76.79

76.26

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden Switzerland

.. 39.05

.. 38.86

.. 37.92

.. 46.98

.. 53.97

.. 46.44

.. 48.82

.. 66.87

.. 67.42

.. 72.02

93.76 151.24

97.81 106.76

Turkey*

76.66

74.54

72.95

71.47

91.28 104.11

86.54

71.62

77.17

81.92 105.12 134.56 140.17 126.99

United Kingdom

54.21

54.50

53.43

55.23

63.24

61.96

60.18

67.14

77.24

77.05

78.79

99.94

99.36 115.35

United States

35.73

35.57

34.81

34.97

36.12

37.00

37.70

43.32

52.12

56.99

60.04

69.99

71.54

OECD Europe

75.72

81.37

OECD Total

50.53

50.88

.. 47.34

.. 49.16

.. 52.03

.. 51.52

.. 50.17

.. 54.63

.. 62.20

.. 66.04

..

..

74.15 101.52

.. 96.75

70.54 .. ..

* Brown coal price for the Czech Republic and Turkey.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

404 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 19 Steam coal prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

Australia

..

..

..

Austria

c

c

c

Belgium Canada Chile Czech Rep.*

41.45 .. .. 22.18

33.27 .. .. 22.03

30.81 .. .. 23.55

2000 ..

2001 ..

2002 ..

2003 ..

2004 ..

2005 ..

2006 ..

2007 ..

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

64.79

55.64

62.38

64.47

74.86

79.48

86.27

81.04

39.88

47.56

42.28

36.19

65.09

71.90

57.05

62.23 102.20

21.56

23.54

24.48

24.01

21.49

24.47

24.67

24.69

.. 21.67

.. 21.51

.. 19.48

98.03 113.71 104.64 63.89

..

..

..

.. ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Denmark

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

45.60

38.57

36.92

42.13

51.51

46.55

42.27

55.32

59.36

62.28

65.02 106.32

76.79

83.77

France

43.62

38.50

37.42

43.03

55.05

50.29

40.04

54.45

65.29

64.32

68.61 104.92

93.46

93.71

Germany

43.89

42.44

40.38

47.59

60.62

51.48

48.23

62.87

74.05

74.16

79.38 128.39

98.37 110.64

Greece* Hungary* Ireland Israel

.. c 44.93 ..

.. c 36.79 ..

Italy

60.21

55.92

Japan

42.85

39.69

.. c 31.17

.. c 34.19

.. c 39.80

.. c 39.63

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

..

31.23

28.52

34.70

34.51

.. c 31.00 .. 42.38 ..

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Mexico**

48.95

47.78

48.78

49.32

50.25

49.67

50.84

.. c 53.83 .. 56.37 .. 68.54 .. 58.07

.. c 55.85 .. 67.55 .. 71.53 .. 62.61

.. c 49.58 .. 64.92 .. 63.40 .. 63.93

..

..

c

c

63.60 ..

71.61

.. c

.. c

90.66

71.59

125.98 129.06

97.14

75.99 121.64 ..

..

95.11 104.77 ..

72.96 127.46 130.77 .. 68.49

.. 78.26

.. 89.43

.. .. .. 86.73

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

.. c

Norway

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Poland

64.44

68.65

66.23

66.61

69.09

71.90

76.41

78.40

82.27

86.49

86.69 103.07 134.84 125.99

Portugal

54.67

46.67

42.43

46.89

61.05

48.43

48.08

64.65

79.52

70.17

84.59 148.97

Slovak Republic*

52.09

51.53

49.00

92.59 105.22

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey*

31.27

31.61

31.99

31.86

29.44

37.52

36.87

45.49

40.73

41.87

41.77

47.01

53.34

55.21

United Kingdom

53.14

46.77

44.51

46.14

51.44

47.26

43.84

51.58

56.70

60.70

63.82 102.53

84.75

94.88

United States

29.11

28.64

27.82

27.46

28.18

28.68

29.05

30.92

35.30

38.76

40.48

50.53

51.79

OECD Europe

48.07

45.76

44.05

46.53

52.23

49.71

51.02

61.03

67.44

68.42

72.06 105.40

96.50 101.65

OECD Total

33.48

32.61

30.94

30.77

32.79

33.10

33.69

39.04

43.64

46.15

48.96

64.51

* Brown coal price for the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Slovak Republic (from 2002 onwards) and Turkey. ** Sub-bituminous coal for Mexico.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

47.35

63.40

61.43

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 405

Table 20 Coking coal prices for industry in USD/tonne (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010 ..

Australia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Austria

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic

55.94

54.00

50.24

57.48

68.13

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

130.35 125.34 129.01 128.04 137.30 139.54

Denmark

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Estonia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

93.13

95.94

99.16 108.77 116.04 116.17 110.30 130.95 161.94 170.43 175.38 284.55 227.32 237.80

France

52.98

51.69

48.30

Germany

53.40

50.77

54.61

63.80

70.81

58.57

64.19

c

c

c

c

c

c

96.35 117.51 101.78 166.80 168.74 188.53 c

c

c

c

c

c

Greece

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Hungary

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Ireland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Israel

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Italy

62.52

62.47

57.44

67.18

76.47

72.72

62.48

71.00

96.15 107.11 105.49 164.93 133.47 171.60

Japan

42.15

43.15

32.69

29.57

35.74

39.90

37.96

52.29

82.83

98.06

99.24 182.95 158.64 126.35

Korea

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Luxembourg

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Mexico

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Netherlands

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

New Zealand

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Norway

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Poland Portugal

98.59 142.64 139.27 125.61 326.32 253.10

..

108.37

99.94

87.84

92.08 103.10 106.71 110.55 188.59 199.59 160.06 168.04 291.00 219.05 304.09

55.64

49.05

42.77

49.09

61.46

48.89

48.52

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovak Republic

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Slovenia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Spain

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

Sweden

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Switzerland

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Turkey United Kingdom

192.99 163.05 128.07 154.47 179.36 185.58 156.31 181.80 208.35 237.50 263.03 327.59 390.28 359.89 ..

.. 50.79

.. 50.55

.. 49.04

.. 51.32

.. 56.45

.. 55.86

.. 67.85

..

..

..

..

..

..

United States

52.24

92.44 102.79 104.77 130.28 158.20 160.84

OECD Europe

87.93

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

OECD Total

63.98

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

406 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 21 Electricity prices for industry in USD/kWh (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Australia

0.058

0.058

0.060

0.059

0.064

0.067

0.062

0.061

Austria

0.078

0.077

0.058

0.046

..

..

..

Belgium

0.061

0.060

0.057

0.058

..

..

..

Canada

0.045

0.047

0.047

0.046

Chile

0.052

0.055

.. 0.055

.. 0.113 .. 0.056

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

0.124

..

..

0.109

0.115

0.108

0.061

0.056

0.059

0.076

0.093

0.096

0.097

0.095

0.109

0.110

0.135

0.208

0.196

0.175

0.120

0.118

0.117

0.114

0.112

0.113

0.119

0.135

0.151

0.168

0.189

0.208

0.205

Denmark

0.050

0.054

0.054

0.055

0.059

0.066

0.070

0.068

0.065

0.069

0.067

0.082

0.075

0.079

0.099

0.117

0.137

..

..

0.054

..

.. 0.102

2007

0.129 ..

..

0.050

..

.. 0.092

2006

Czech Republic Estonia

..

0.053

0.088

2005

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

..

Finland

0.045

0.045

0.043

0.042

0.042

0.045

0.057

0.059

0.058

0.063

0.072

0.077

0.078

France

0.045

0.043

0.043

0.041

0.042

0.043

0.042

0.043

0.043

0.045

0.075

0.081

0.088

0.091

0.090

0.096

Germany

0.064

0.061

0.055

0.045

0.051

0.055

0.063

0.069

0.078

Greece

0.068

0.065

0.066

0.067

0.072

0.074

0.072

0.073

0.075

Hungary

0.119

0.127

0.129

0.127

0.131

0.132

0.146

0.148

0.148

0.171

Ireland

0.062

0.060

0.057

0.055

0.068

0.079

0.082

0.077

0.079

0.099

Israel

0.076

0.072

0.073

0.076

0.076

0.085

0.083

0.090

0.096

Italy

0.101

0.105

0.098

0.118

0.149

0.142

0.152

0.149

0.162

Japan

0.105

0.101

0.100

0.100

0.103

0.100

0.101

0.102

Korea

0.067

0.071

0.073

0.078

0.081

0.077

0.076

0.076

Luxembourg

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.115

0.188

0.227

0.252

0.114

0.134

0.135

0.118

0.094

0.093

0.112

0.102

0.087

0.200

0.212

0.252

0.255

0.251

0.104

0.109

0.114

0.123

0.129

0.122

0.076

0.080

0.084

0.084

0.092

0.093

0.115

0.101

0.188

0.150

0.166

0.120

0.109

..

0.078

Netherlands

0.061

0.062

0.063

0.069

0.072

0.104

0.113

New Zealand

0.047

0.048

0.043

0.043

0.044

0.048

0.053

0.051

0.057

0.062

0.062

0.068

0.019

0.025

0.027

0.035

0.032

0.031

0.041

0.032

0.041

0.042

0.049

..

..

..

c

0.152

..

0.079

c

0.149

..

..

0.071

c

0.134

..

0.118

0.070

c

0.121

.. 0.110

0.074

c

0.099

..

..

Mexico

Norway

0.083

..

..

..

..

Poland

0.078

0.078

0.084

0.087

0.099

0.109

0.119

0.118

0.121

0.123

0.124

0.155

0.201

0.193

Portugal

0.122

0.117

0.105

0.104

0.104

0.103

0.104

0.104

0.115

0.133

0.143

0.138

0.145

0.143

Slovak Republic

0.120

0.121

0.113

0.123

0.133

0.135

0.154

0.155

0.157

0.174

0.206

0.231

0.276

0.253

0.140

0.154

0.146

0.119

0.104

Slovenia

..

Spain

0.074

Sweden

0.028

Switzerland

0.078

.. 0.071 .. 0.078

.. 0.063 .. 0.073

.. 0.063 .. 0.063

.. 0.062 .. 0.062

.. 0.070 .. 0.062

.. 0.063 .. 0.060

.. 0.064 .. 0.059

.. 0.088 .. 0.058

.. 0.099 .. 0.061

.. 0.090

..

0.058

0.071

0.071

0.078

0.063

0.066

0.066

0.070

Turkey

0.154

0.150

0.165

0.177

0.228

0.232

0.193

0.176

0.172

0.168

0.164

0.202

0.229

0.229

United Kingdom

0.062

0.061

0.060

0.058

0.056

0.055

0.052

0.058

0.075

0.101

0.101

0.125

0.134

0.119

United States*

0.045

0.045

0.039

0.046

0.050

0.048

0.051

0.053

0.057

0.062

0.064

0.068

0.068

0.068

OECD Europe

0.072

0.073

0.070

0.069

0.078

0.081

0.083

0.084

0.092

0.110

0.111

0.134

0.142

OECD Total

0.064

0.063

0.060

0.063

0.069

0.069

0.073

0.074

0.080

0.089

0.093

0.106

0.107

* Price excluding tax for the United States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 0.107

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 407

Table 22 Electricity prices for households in USD/kWh (using PPPs) 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Australia

0.082

0.084

0.084

0.083

0.091

0.092

0.094

0.098

Austria

0.162

0.164

0.138

0.142

0.144

0.154

0.152

0.163

Belgium

0.160

0.159

0.155

0.161

Canada

0.066

0.068

0.068

0.064

.. 0.069

.. 0.070

.. 0.071

.. 0.158 .. 0.076

2006 .. 0.162 .. 0.077

2007 .. 0.180 .. 0.079

2008 .. 0.206

2009 .. 0.218

2010 .. 0.229

0.208

0.193

0.201

0.078

0.081

0.080

Chile

0.063

0.055

0.163

0.178

0.185

0.189

0.184

0.201

0.199

0.233

0.331

0.317

0.286

Czech Republic

0.092

0.115

0.125

0.148

0.160

0.174

0.170

0.174

0.177

0.197

0.212

0.239

0.271

0.264

Denmark

0.153

0.170

0.171

0.190

0.192

0.198

0.197

0.202

0.206

0.230

0.228

0.252

0.246

0.247

0.145

0.171

0.187

Estonia

..

..

..

.. 0.067

2005

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Finland

0.088

0.088

0.086

0.085

0.085

0.090

0.098

0.102

0.100

0.107

0.113

0.128

0.137

0.144

France

0.122

0.120

0.118

0.117

0.120

0.123

0.119

0.121

0.123

0.127

0.128

0.127

0.131

0.136

Germany

0.143

0.145

0.146

0.135

0.145

0.153

0.169

0.177

0.197

0.211

0.231

0.272

0.289

0.305

Greece

0.130

0.130

0.119

0.112

0.117

0.123

0.123

0.124

0.126

0.153

0.154

0.165

Hungary

0.148

0.159

0.170

0.171

0.177

0.179

0.190

0.215

0.227

0.236

0.263

0.300

0.325

Ireland

0.128

0.125

0.118

0.114

0.106

0.113

0.127

0.138

0.153

0.161

0.186

0.192

0.203

0.200

Israel

0.109

0.103

0.105

0.110

0.110

0.126

0.133

0.139

0.143

0.138

0.140

0.155

0.144

0.140

Italy

0.172

0.177

0.169

0.180

0.204

0.195

0.193

0.177

0.183

0.216

0.230

0.265

0.263

0.256

Japan

0.149

0.147

0.149

0.149

0.152

0.152

0.154

0.158

0.160

0.166

0.173

0.182

0.186

0.183

Korea

0.123

0.125

0.128

0.127

0.121

0.113

0.111

0.114

0.115

0.121

0.123

0.124

0.122

0.117

Luxembourg

0.115

0.116

0.118

0.115

0.115

0.127

0.134

0.128

0.158

0.160

0.182

0.163

0.188

0.179

Mexico

0.099

0.101

0.101

0.106

0.111

0.136

0.144

0.141

0.148

0.152

0.139

0.143

0.139

0.141

..

..

..

Netherlands

0.126

0.127

0.137

0.159

0.178

0.182

0.185

0.196

0.212

0.237

0.243

0.196

0.219

0.196

New Zealand

0.092

0.091

0.092

0.092

0.096

0.104

0.109

0.120

0.126

0.138

0.146

0.157

0.161

0.165

Norway

0.061

0.054

0.053

0.056

0.071

0.071

0.096

0.088

0.088

0.115

0.088

0.098

0.094

0.116

Poland

0.135

0.141

0.148

0.155

0.174

0.187

0.200

0.202

0.209

0.222

0.227

0.251

0.281

0.287

Portugal

0.203

0.200

0.189

0.185

0.186

0.190

0.196

0.197

0.211

0.222

0.237

0.232

0.245

0.257

Slovak Republic

0.072

0.070

0.095

0.146

0.193

0.190

0.228

0.251

0.256

0.276

0.282

0.292

0.327

0.319

0.182

0.209

0.225

0.207

0.215

Slovenia

..

Spain

0.200

Sweden

0.083

Switzerland

0.104

.. 0.193 .. 0.104

.. 0.180 .. 0.105

.. 0.173 .. 0.101

.. 0.164 .. 0.100

.. 0.165 .. 0.103

.. 0.161 .. 0.101

.. 0.161 .. 0.101

.. 0.162 .. 0.099

.. 0.178 .. 0.100

.. 0.187

..

0.149

0.164

0.166

0.175

0.102

0.108

0.116

0.124

Turkey

0.159

0.157

0.173

0.187

0.240

0.245

0.205

0.195

0.191

0.187

0.183

0.239

0.274

0.279

United Kingdom

0.120

0.113

0.110

0.111

0.112

0.112

0.111

0.119

0.129

0.161

0.169

0.198

0.206

0.196

United States*

0.084

0.083

0.082

0.082

0.085

0.085

0.087

0.090

0.094

0.104

0.107

0.113

0.115

0.116

OECD Europe

0.132

0.134

0.133

0.134

0.141

0.145

0.148

0.151

0.158

0.175

0.181

0.200

0.210

0.212

OECD Total

0.106

0.105

0.105

0.105

0.109

0.110

0.112

0.115

0.121

0.132

0.136

0.147

0.151

0.150

* Price excluding tax for the United States.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 409

PART III ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN NON-OECD COUNTRIES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 411

A. ENERGY END-USE PRICES, TAXES AND PRICE INDICES IN NATIONAL CURRENCIES

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

412 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

BULGARIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Bulgarian Leva

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 719 575 769

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 52 72

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 52 72

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 771 627 841

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

768 788 797 901 963

72 72 72 72 72

-

72 72 72 72 72

840 860 869 973 1035

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1131 725 991

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 600 600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 600 600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1731 1325 1591

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1131 725 991

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 600 600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 346 265 318

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 946 865 918

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2077 1589 1909

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1016 1014 1048 1239 1297

600 600 600 615 615

-

600 600 600 615 615

1616 1614 1648 1854 1912

1016 1014 1048 1239 1297

600 600 600 615 615

323 323 330 371 382

923 923 930 986 997

1940 1937 1978 2224 2294

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.166 0.760 0.996

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.600 0.600 0.600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.600 0.600 0.600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.766 1.360 1.596

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.166 0.760 0.996

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.600 0.600 0.600

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.353 0.272 0.319

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.953 0.872 0.919

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.119 1.632 1.916

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.025 1.005 1.058 1.272 1.305

0.600 0.600 0.600 0.615 0.615

-

0.600 0.600 0.600 0.615 0.615

1.625 1.605 1.658 1.887 1.920

1.025 1.005 1.058 1.272 1.305

0.600 0.600 0.600 0.615 0.615

0.325 0.321 0.332 0.377 0.384

0.925 0.921 0.932 0.992 0.999

1.950 1.926 1.990 2.264 2.304

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 413

BULGARIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Bulgarian Leva Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.966 0.749 0.977

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.685 0.685 0.685

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.331 0.287 0.332

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.016 0.972 1.017

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.982 1.720 1.994

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.678 0.486 0.683

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.184 0.184 0.184

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.172 0.134 0.174

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.356 0.318 0.358

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.034 0.804 1.041

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.007 0.992 1.011 1.163 1.212

0.685 0.685 0.685 0.710 0.710

0.338 0.335 0.339 0.375 0.384

1.023 1.020 1.024 1.085 1.094

2.030 2.012 2.035 2.248 2.306

0.594 0.690 0.800 0.772 0.744

0.184 0.184 0.184 0.184 0.184

0.156 0.175 0.197 0.191 0.186

0.340 0.359 0.381 0.375 0.370

0.934 1.049 1.181 1.147 1.114

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 509.7 559.3 568.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 509.7 559.3 568.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 707.5 778.4 755.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 141.5 155.7 151.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 141.5 155.7 151.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 849.0 934.1 907.0

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

501.3 636.1 636.1 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

501.3 636.1 636.1 .. ..

696.1 815.5 815.5 .. ..

.. ..

139.2 163.1 163.1 .. ..

139.2 163.1 163.1 .. ..

835.4 978.6 978.6 .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.105 0.115 0.115

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.001 0.001 0.004

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.001 0.001 0.004

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.106 0.116 0.120

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.126 0.134 0.134

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.025 0.027 0.027

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.025 0.027 0.027

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.151 0.161 0.161

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.114 0.117 0.117 .. ..

0.002 0.007 0.007 .. ..

.. ..

0.002 0.007 0.007 .. ..

0.116 0.124 0.124 .. ..

0.133 0.136 0.136 .. ..

.. ..

0.027 0.027 0.027 .. ..

0.027 0.027 0.027 .. ..

0.159 0.163 0.163 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

414 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

BULGARIA Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 52.7 55.6 57.4 77.4 81.1 80.2 79.6 85.1 100.0 105.9 112.0 128.0 108.6 127.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35.5 41.7 50.3 58.4 61.1 72.0 84.8 95.1 100.0 100.2 104.0 115.6 121.4 120.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.5 47.7 48.0 66.4 73.9 75.7 78.8 86.7 100.0 116.4 114.4 127.4 112.8 137.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35.5 50.5 65.2 75.4 80.8 93.3 98.0 98.2 100.0 110.0 118.9 145.5 156.2 151.0

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

76.5 75.8 78.3

.. .. ..

79.2 90.9 90.3

.. .. ..

75.3 76.4 79.8

.. .. ..

94.8 97.0 101.3

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

79.8 83.4 87.9 89.1

.. .. .. ..

89.9 90.6 100.3 99.6

.. .. .. ..

83.7 80.8 84.8 97.7

.. .. .. ..

98.6 96.2 98.0 99.9

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

87.2 97.9 109.4 105.4

.. .. .. ..

99.3 100.2 100.2 100.2

.. .. .. ..

95.4 87.3 97.1 120.3

.. .. .. ..

99.6 97.8 97.8 104.7

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

102.2 107.4 112.0 101.9

.. .. .. ..

100.2 100.2 100.2 100.1

.. .. .. ..

117.7 111.8 119.3 116.6

.. .. .. ..

108.5 108.3 109.2 113.9

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

103.0 112.9 114.4 117.8

.. .. .. ..

100.1 100.1 107.9 107.9

.. .. .. ..

116.1 109.7 112.9 118.9

.. .. .. ..

116.8 116.8 118.8 123.1

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

124.4 133.4 138.3 115.9

.. .. .. ..

107.9 107.9 123.3 123.3

.. .. .. ..

123.2 121.5 133.4 131.6

.. .. .. ..

133.8 137.9 149.9 160.6

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

100.7 106.3 113.7 113.7

.. .. .. ..

123.3 123.3 119.5 119.5

.. .. .. ..

111.1 106.0 115.2 118.8

.. .. .. ..

160.0 157.8 154.6 152.5

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

119.3 126.7 129.7 133.1

.. .. .. ..

119.5 119.5 121.4 121.4

.. .. .. ..

125.7 130.3 145.0 150.7

.. .. .. ..

152.5 150.8 149.4 151.3

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

142.3 ..

.. ..

121.4 ..

.. ..

148.5 ..

.. ..

152.0 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

BULGARIA

ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 415

Gasoline

BULGARIA

Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes. VAT was enacted into Bulgarian law in October 1993, to replace a communist tax on turnover, and was implemented in April 1994. From

To

%

01.04.94

31.12.95

18

01.01.96

31.12.98

22

01.01.99

now

20

OIL PRODUCTS Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average, reported to administration by Lukoil-Neftochim Burgas refinery. Source: Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Heavy fuel oil Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: High sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: > 1%

Specifications: Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro Super 95

Automotive LPG Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

ELECTRICITY Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average.

Light fuel Oil

Source: Eurostat, Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP).

Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration).

Oil products

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Heating gas oil

Retail: HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Electricity Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Automotive diesel oil Pump prices.

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Coal Automotive gas oil

Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

416 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Table 1 - Average total prices in Chinese Yuan Light fuel oil (per 1000 litres)

Heavy fuel oil (per tonne) HSFO

LSFO

Industry

Households

Automotive diesel (per litre) NonCommercial commercial

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.734 2.473 2.497 2.773 3.328 3.959 4.592 4.722 5.475 5.289 6.095

.. 2.631 2.624 2.898 3.219 3.661 4.436 4.873 5.783 5.820 6.571

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.791 5.802 6.583 6.676 ..

6.479 6.327 6.885 7.325 ..

Premium leaded 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2.621 2.616 2.593 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal industry 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

308.3 .. 317.7 341.7 432.1 505.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Gasoline (per litre) Premium unleaded 2.888 .. .. .. 3.615 4.006 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas Regular unleaded .. 2.669 2.653 2.908 3.227 3.686 4.447 4.604 5.707 5.905 6.672

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.780 6.652 6.773 7.275 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coal (per tonne) Steam coal Steam coal industry elec. gen. 225.8 224.7 251.6 266.0 357.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

(per 107 kilocalories GCV) Electricity Industry generation Households

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Electricity (per kilowatt hour) Steam coal households 308.4 299.1 317.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Industry

Households .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 417

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Table 2 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

9.4 11.2 12.9 22.0 32.8 39.7 41.5 44.6 41.5 45.5 65.6 65.0 61.9 71.5 81.7 100.0 120.3 124.4 147.4 .. ..

Electricity

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 2005 = 100 24.3 28.4 30.9 42.0 58.5 64.1 72.5 82.6 87.2 88.0 90.1 92.1 92.9 93.7 96.0 100.0 102.8 105.7 107.6 .. ..

Natural gas

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 95.1 100.0 106.8 111.9 118.5 .. ..

Coal

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 2005 = 100 20.9 23.6 27.4 38.3 46.7 52.0 59.2 63.9 61.7 58.5 57.4 61.1 68.2 73.0 84.6 100.0 105.8 111.5 146.5 .. ..

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. -

.. -

.. -

.. -

.. -

.. -

.. -

.. -

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

418 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use Specifications Quality:

Source: China Petroleum Data Monthly, China Economic Information Service, Xinhua News Agency.

GENERAL NOTES Prices refer to average market prices for 35 major cities except for automotive diesel for non-commercial use and regular unleaded gasoline, where prices are for Beijing. General tax (VAT) % Coal and natural gas

13

Oil products

17

Sources: Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre unless otherwise specified.

OIL PRODUCTS Heavy fuel oil for industry Specifications Quality:

Light diesel oil no. 0 (non-commercial)

No. 250 Heavy fuel oil, vacuum residuum

Sources: Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Published: China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Light fuel oil for households

Gasoline Specifications Unleaded premium Quality: Grade:

Unleaded premium gasoline 97 RON

Leaded premium Quality: Grade:

Leaded premium gasoline 90 RON

Unleaded regular Quality: Grade:

Unleaded regular gasoline 90 RON

Sources: For unleaded and leaded premium, Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Published: China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. For unleaded regular, China Petroleum Data Monthly, China Economic Information Service, Xinhua News Agency.

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to natural gas from gas fields (industrial use).

COAL

Specifications Quality:

Kerosene for lighting

Sources: Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Published: China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Automotive diesel for commercial use Specifications Quality:

Light diesel oil no. 0 for Public Transport Use (commercial)

Sources: From 2001 onwards, China Petroleum Data Monthly, China Economic Information Service, Xinhua News Agency. From 1995 until 2000, Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Prior to 1995, China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

From 1996 onwards, more than two-thirds of the coal prices have been opened to the market. However, prices for electricity generation are still supervised by the government. From January 1994 to December 1995, the coal prices were in the process of liberalisation. Prior to January 1994, China operated a dual pricing system for coal. Under this arrangement there were two types of coal: “allocated coal” (plan prices fixed or state mine production) produced from state, provincial and country mines; and “free market coal” (sold at negotiated prices) produced by small township mines. Prices varied according to regional supply/demand situations.

Steam coal for industry Specifications Quality:

Anthracite

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 419

Sources: From 1997 onwards, Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Prior to 1997, China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Sources: From 1996 onwards, Electric Power Industry in China. China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Steam coal for households

Households

Specifications Quality: NCV:

Source: Electric Power Industry in China. Ordinary bituminous coal 4 990 kcal/kg (assumed)

Sources: From 1995 onwards, Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Prior to 1995, China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Coking coal Specifications Quality: Diameter: NCV:

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Source: China Statistical Yearbook (various editions), compiled by National Bureau of Statistics of China.

Oil products Metallurgical coke > 40mm 6 800 kcal/kg (assumed)

Sources: Beijing Energy Efficiency Centre. Published: China Energy Databook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Wholesale: Producer Price Indices for Manufactured Goods by Sector - Petroleum Industry.

Electricity Wholesale: Producer Price Indices for Manufactured Goods by Sector - Power Industry.

Natural gas ELECTRICITY

Wholesale: Producer Price Indices for Manufactured Goods by Sector - Production & Supply of Gas.

Industry

Coal

Prices refer to electricity for ordinary industry and are a nationally regulated single price.

Wholesale: Producer Price Indices for Manufactured Goods by Sector - Coal Industry.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

420 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CHINESE TAIPEI Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Taipei Dollars

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. 6641 7497 7772 8368 10674 13123 16237 x x

.. .. 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 x x

.. .. 338 380 394 424 539 662 817 x x

.. .. 448 490 504 534 649 772 927 x x

.. .. 7089 7987 8276 8902 11323 13895 17164 x x

5915 6447 7083 7881 8132 8728 11034 13483 16408 12565 16772

105 106 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110

301 328 360 399 412 442 557 680 826 634 844

406 434 470 509 522 552 667 790 936 744 954

6321 6881 7553 8391 8654 9280 11701 14273 17344 13309 17726

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

17116 16604 17054 15722 19626

110 110 110 110 110

861 836 858 792 987

971 946 968 902 1097

18088 17550 18022 16623 20723

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

7701 7257 7100 7739 7902 8470 10667 13203 16483 13303 17184

100 103 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110

390 368 361 392 401 429 539 666 830 671 865

490 471 471 502 511 539 649 776 940 781 975

8191 7728 7571 8241 8412 9009 11316 13978 17422 14084 18159

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

17443 16954 17444 16018 20033

110 110 110 110 110

878 853 878 806 1007

988 963 988 916 1117

18430 17917 18432 16934 21150

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

9.42 9.36 9.13 10.54 12.03 14.52 17.81 19.85 21.66 18.66 20.78

3.80 3.85 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99

0.66 0.66 0.66 0.73 0.80 0.93 1.09 1.19 1.28 1.13 1.24

4.46 4.51 4.65 4.72 4.79 4.92 5.08 5.18 5.27 5.12 5.23

13.88 13.87 13.77 15.26 16.82 19.44 22.89 25.03 26.94 23.79 26.01

9.42 9.36 9.13 10.54 12.03 14.52 17.81 19.85 21.66 18.66 20.78

3.80 3.85 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99

0.66 0.66 0.66 0.73 0.80 0.93 1.09 1.19 1.28 1.13 1.24

4.46 4.51 4.65 4.72 4.79 4.92 5.08 5.18 5.27 5.12 5.23

13.88 13.87 13.77 15.26 16.82 19.44 22.89 25.03 26.94 23.79 26.01

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

21.54 18.05 22.29 23.74 24.79

3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99

1.28 1.10 1.31 1.39 1.44

5.27 5.09 5.30 5.38 5.43

26.81 23.14 27.60 29.12 30.22

21.54 18.05 22.29 23.74 24.79

3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99

1.28 1.10 1.31 1.39 1.44

5.27 5.09 5.30 5.38 5.43

26.81 23.14 27.60 29.12 30.22

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 421

CHINESE TAIPEI Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Taipei Dollars Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

12.249 12.779 12.153 13.927 15.890 17.634 20.260 21.696 23.302 20.499 23.626

6.500 6.583 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

0.937 0.968 0.949 1.038 1.136 1.223 1.354 1.426 1.507 1.366 1.523

7.437 7.551 7.779 7.868 7.966 8.053 8.184 8.256 8.337 8.196 8.353

19.686 20.330 19.923 21.794 23.856 25.687 28.444 29.952 31.639 28.696 31.979

11.535 11.565 10.954 12.552 14.463 16.205 18.831 20.128 21.874 19.071 22.170

6.500 6.583 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

0.902 0.907 0.889 0.969 1.065 1.152 1.283 1.348 1.435 1.295 1.450

7.402 7.490 7.719 7.799 7.895 7.982 8.113 8.178 8.265 8.125 8.280

18.937 19.055 18.674 20.351 22.357 24.187 26.944 28.306 30.139 27.196 30.450

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

25.363 22.631 23.702 25.061 27.989

6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

1.610 1.473 1.527 1.595 1.741

8.440 8.303 8.357 8.425 8.571

33.802 30.934 32.059 33.486 36.560

23.824 21.202 22.274 23.632 26.472

6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

1.533 1.402 1.455 1.523 1.665

8.363 8.232 8.285 8.353 8.495

32.187 29.434 30.559 31.986 34.967

Ex-Tax price

Regular unleaded gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

10.345 10.545 9.976 11.886 13.851 15.539 18.165 19.601 21.207 18.404 21.491

6.500 6.583 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

0.842 0.856 0.840 0.937 1.034 1.118 1.250 1.322 1.402 1.262 1.416

7.342 7.439 7.670 7.766 7.864 7.948 8.080 8.152 8.232 8.092 8.246

17.687 17.984 17.646 19.651 21.715 23.487 26.244 27.752 29.439 26.496 29.737

8691 9193 8944 9903 10723 11868 12820 14875 19466 16542 18126

124 93 -

441 464 447 495 536 593 641 744 973 827 906

565 557 447 495 536 593 641 744 973 827 906

9256 9750 9391 10398 11259 12461 13461 15619 20439 17369 19032

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

23.106 20.535 21.607 22.966 25.763

6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830 6.830

1.497 1.368 1.422 1.490 1.630

8.327 8.198 8.252 8.320 8.460

31.433 28.734 29.859 31.286 34.223

18349 18215 17602 17590 18396

-

917 911 880 879 920

917 911 880 879 920

19266 19126 18482 18469 19315

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

7176 7789 8301 8476 8946 9998 10798 12535 16493 14733 16299

111 83 -

364 394 415 424 447 500 540 627 825 737 815

475 477 415 424 447 500 540 627 825 737 815

7651 8266 8716 8900 9393 10498 11338 13162 17318 15470 17114

11647 11892 8336 9133 9878 11037 11951 13626 17990 16043 17632

124 93 -

589 599 417 457 494 552 598 681 900 802 882

713 692 417 457 494 552 598 681 900 802 882

12360 12584 8753 9590 10372 11589 12549 14308 18890 16845 18513

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

16557 16468 15759 15672 16582

-

828 823 788 784 829

828 823 788 784 829

17384 17291 16547 16456 17411

17857 17722 17103 17091 17894

-

893 886 855 855 895

893 886 855 855 895

18750 18608 17958 17946 18789

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

422 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CHINESE TAIPEI Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Taipei Dollars

Ex-Tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2195 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

110 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

110 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2305 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

922 1057 1087 1073 1596 1857 1779 2305 3736 2915 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3348 3493 .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1.7969 1.7967 1.7381 1.7416 1.7357 1.7338 1.7821 1.8362 2.0189 2.3453 2.3413

-

0.0898 0.0898 0.0869 0.0871 0.0868 0.0867 0.0891 0.0918 0.1009 0.1173 0.1171

0.0898 0.0898 0.0869 0.0871 0.0868 0.0867 0.0891 0.0918 0.1009 0.1173 0.1171

1.8867 1.8865 1.8250 1.8287 1.8225 1.8205 1.8712 1.9280 2.1198 2.4625 2.4583

2.4025 2.4122 2.3334 2.4231 2.4113 2.4079 2.4411 2.5034 2.5722 2.7714 2.8126

-

0.1201 0.1206 0.1167 0.1212 0.1206 0.1204 0.1221 0.1252 0.1286 0.1386 0.1406

0.1201 0.1206 0.1167 0.1212 0.1206 0.1204 0.1221 0.1252 0.1286 0.1386 0.1406

2.5226 2.5328 2.4500 2.5443 2.5319 2.5283 2.5631 2.6286 2.7008 2.9100 2.9532

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2.3161 2.5695 2.2412 2.1913 2.3184

-

0.1158 0.1285 0.1121 0.1096 0.1159

0.1158 0.1285 0.1121 0.1096 0.1159

2.4319 2.6980 2.3532 2.3009 2.4343

2.6487 3.1312 2.8330 2.5164 2.7078

-

0.1324 0.1566 0.1417 0.1258 0.1354

0.1324 0.1566 0.1417 0.1258 0.1354

2.7812 3.2878 2.9747 2.6422 2.8432

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 423

CHINESE TAIPEI Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Natural gas Wholesale

Retail 2000 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 65.4 72.1 69.9 76.0 100.0 103.5 106.5 114.3 123.6 135.4 159.0 177.1 200.3 141.6 163.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 147.1 259.7 250.8 177.8 100.0 100.0 97.7 96.7 96.3 96.2 99.1 101.9 112.1 130.2 129.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 85.7 96.7 97.0 87.0 100.0 105.3 94.7 106.3 114.5 126.2 136.4 157.8 188.1 166.9 184.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

113.5 113.7 111.5

.. .. ..

92.2 104.2 93.3

.. .. ..

110.0 113.3 108.1

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

117.7 121.9 125.5 129.0

.. .. .. ..

91.1 95.0 104.9 93.2

.. .. .. ..

102.5 117.2 119.8 113.0

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

128.7 133.0 139.0 140.8

.. .. .. ..

91.8 94.4 105.1 92.5

.. .. .. ..

115.2 128.5 133.6 127.5

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

143.3 156.3 170.0 166.1

.. .. .. ..

90.6 93.1 113.3 98.5

.. .. .. ..

121.6 132.0 144.7 147.1

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

162.1 173.5 183.5 189.7

.. .. .. ..

96.6 100.6 111.6 97.7

.. .. .. ..

144.0 158.0 169.2 159.9

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

193.9 206.5 232.2 132.0

.. .. .. ..

95.1 98.7 127.5 127.8

.. .. .. ..

152.4 183.1 216.4 200.0

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

116.7 134.4 153.6 161.2

.. .. .. ..

126.7 132.1 136.6 124.2

.. .. .. ..

157.4 158.4 172.3 179.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

161.5 170.3 155.5 167.5

.. .. .. ..

122.6 128.5 142.6 124.4

.. .. .. ..

185.8 186.9 185.8 178.3

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

170.7 189.4

.. ..

121.6 128.7

.. ..

177.6 187.2

.. ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

424 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CHINESE TAIPEI GENERAL NOTES

CHINESE TAIPEI

Specifications Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

0.93 t/kl 0.5% 9 500 - 12 000 kcal/l

Fuel oil for electricity generation From 1Q91 onwards, quarterly prices refer to the threemonth average. Prior to 1Q91, prices refer to end-year and end-quarter. General tax (VAT) From

To

01.04.86

now

Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

Fuel oil C 1% 0.953 t/kl 9 200 kcal/l

% 5

Sources: Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China unless otherwise specified. Data published: Energy Indicators Quarterly, Taiwan Area of the Republic of China.

Light fuel oil for industry Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content: Density: NCV:

OIL PRODUCTS

Low sulphur light fuel oil 1% (up to 1Q07) 0.5% (since 2Q07) 0.89 - 0.90 t/kl 9 800 - 12 000 kcal/l

Automotive diesel oil Excise tax: Applies to fuel oils. The excise amount is applied to the "appraisal value" price (approximately 88% of the ex-tax price). From

To

Amount

01.07.93

30.06.95

3% of appraisal value

01.07.95

12.10.01

105 TWD/klitre

13.10.01

now

110 TWD/klitre

High sulphur fuel oil for industry Due to the environmental regulation, the usage of fuel oil containing over 0.5% sulphur has been prohibited in Taiwan since July 2008. HSFO was not on market anymore thereafter. Specifications Density: NCV: Sulphur content:

0.942 t/kl 9 200 kcal/l

From

To

Amount

01.01.89 21.01.94 25.02.94 01.07.95 13.10.01

20.01.94 24.02.94 30.06.95 12.10.01 now

60% of appraisal value 65% of appraisal value 75% of appraisal value 3.8 TWD/kl 3.99 TWD/kl

Specifications NCV: Density: Cetane number:

8 800 kcal/l 0.81-0.82 t/kl 46

Premium Diesel Oil Sulphur Content: < 0.3% Prices represent diesel used for both commercial and non-commercial purposes.

Gasoline Excise tax

From

To

01.01.80

31.12.86

3.5

01.01.87

31.12.89

2.0

01.01.90

30.06.93

1.5

01.07.93

now

1.0

%

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry Produced and consumed since 1 July 1993. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Excise tax

From

To

Amount

14.02.92 21.01.94 25.02.94 01.07.95 13.10.01

20.01.94 24.02.94 30.06.95 12.10.01 now

75% of appraisal value 82% of appraisal value 90% of appraisal value 6.5 TWD/litre 6.83 TWD/litre

Specifications NCV: Density:

11 000 kcal/l 0.84 t/kl

CHINESE TAIPEI

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 425

Premium leaded and premium unleaded Octane: 95 RON and 98 RON Regular unleaded Octane:

Year 1990 1991 - 2000

92 RON (1988 onwards) 82 RON (1982 - 1987)

Steam coal for electricity generation Prices shown are annual average expenditure incurred by TPC and other governmental organisations.

Industry and households Industry prices refer to the regions of Hsinchu and Miao Li. Household prices refer to the region of Taipei.

From

To

1954 1991

1990 now

Special taxes kcal/ m3 9 000 8 900

Prices refer to imported liquefied natural gas (LNG). 9 900 kcal/m3

From

To

01.01.80

31.03.86

01.04.86

now

% 0.60 0.40 0.15 5.00

Type of tax Business tax Stamp tax Education Surtax VAT

Prices shown for industry and households are derived from calendar year average revenues per kWh for power (industry) and for light (households). Source: TPC, Taipei.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

COAL Specifications NCV:

Source: Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs; the data are supplied by the Taiwan Power Company, Taipei.

ELECTRICITY

Natural gas (fuel)

Electricity generation Specifications NCV:

2 200 - 2 500 2 000 - 2 610

From 2001 onwards, coal is no longer produced in mines in Chinese Taipei.

NATURAL GAS

Specifications Quality: NCV

TWD/ tonne

Source: Correspondence with the Bureau of Energy, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China.

7 000 kcal/kg

Steam coal for industry

Oil products

Prices refer to the median of the following market selling prices for each period:

Retail: Weighted average of premium gasoline and premium diesel oil.

Year

Electricity

1984 1985 1986 1987 - 1989

TWD/ tonne 2 400 - 2 600 2 300 - 2 600 2 500 - 2 650 2 450 - 2 650

Retail: Lighting.

Natural gas Retail: Natural gas (fuel).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

426 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CROATIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Croatian Kunas

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3583

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 554

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 952

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1506

2640 3140 2710 2770 3290 4170 4700 4660 5830 4086 5089

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3642 3683 3731 4052 ..

554 554 554 554 ..

965 975 986 1059 ..

1519 1529 1540 1613 ..

5161 5212 5271 5665 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.14 3.00 3.52

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.25

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.25

2.76 3.01 2.56 2.56 3.08 4.02 4.21 4.24 4.14 3.00 3.77

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.94

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.45

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.47

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.92

4.78 5.20 5.19 5.24 5.89 6.78 7.11 7.27 8.50 6.79 7.87

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

3.58 3.62 3.67 3.93 ..

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 ..

..

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 ..

3.83 3.87 3.92 4.18 ..

4.05 4.00 4.12 4.76 ..

2.45 2.45 2.45 2.45 ..

1.50 1.48 1.51 1.66 ..

3.95 3.94 3.97 4.11 ..

8.00 7.94 8.09 8.88 ..

Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.87

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.00

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.58

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.58

5.96 6.85 6.73 6.66 7.14 7.72 8.24 8.16 8.58 7.39 8.45

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.82

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.00

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.57

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.57

5.76 6.32 6.40 6.44 6.94 7.40 7.63 7.72 8.48 7.33 8.39

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

3.89 3.81 4.19 4.98 ..

3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 ..

1.59 1.57 1.66 1.84 ..

4.59 4.57 4.66 4.84 ..

8.48 8.38 8.85 9.81 ..

3.81 3.81 4.13 4.63 ..

3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 ..

1.57 1.57 1.64 1.76 ..

4.57 4.57 4.64 4.76 ..

8.38 8.38 8.77 9.39 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 427

CROATIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Croatian Kunas Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.24

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.51

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.86

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.37

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.81 4.61

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 457.0 393.0 463.0 636.0 548.0 ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

3.12 3.07 3.50 3.58 ..

0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 ..

0.83 0.82 0.92 0.94 ..

1.34 1.33 1.43 1.45 ..

4.46 4.40 4.92 5.02 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1918 2218 2875

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

1576 1964 2215 2215 2329 2329 2340 2340 1918 2218 2875

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1918 2202 2630

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 422 495 605

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 422 495 605

1655 1964 2215 2226 2329 2329 2340 2340 2340 2697 3235

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2875 2875 2875 3350 ..

..

..

..

2875 2875 2875 3350 ..

2630 2630 2630 2630 ..

..

605 605 605 605 ..

605 605 605 605 ..

3235 3235 3235 3235 ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.397 0.415 0.416 0.452 0.570 0.610

.. .. .. .. .. 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.005

.. .. .. .. .. 0.407 0.425 0.426 0.462 0.580 0.620

.. .. .. .. .. 0.550 0.570 0.570 0.630 0.690 0.697

.. .. .. .. .. 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.003

.. .. .. .. .. 0.123 0.128 0.128 0.141 0.158 0.161

.. .. .. .. .. 0.133 0.138 0.138 0.151 0.168 0.164

0.418 0.510 0.514 0.549 .. 0.683 0.708 0.708 0.781 0.858 0.861

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.615 0.615 0.615 0.615 ..

0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 ..

..

0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 ..

0.620 0.620 0.620 0.620 ..

0.697 0.697 0.697 0.697 ..

0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 ..

0.161 0.161 0.161 0.161 ..

0.164 0.164 0.164 0.164 ..

0.861 0.861 0.861 0.861 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

428 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CROATIA Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Electricity

Retail 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 105.1 107.3 119.3 100.8 115.6

Wholesale

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 103.2 103.7 113.0 121.4 121.6

Wholesale .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 100.1 100.0 99.4 117.3 137.7

Wholesale .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

92.6 97.2 104.8 105.4

.. .. .. ..

98.4 98.4 100.0 103.2

.. .. .. ..

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.. .. .. ..

97.8 98.1 99.4 104.7

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

105.9 106.9 106.3 101.4

.. .. .. ..

103.2 103.2 103.2 103.2

.. .. .. ..

100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1

.. .. .. ..

107.2 111.5 111.7 111.7

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

102.3 106.8 108.7 111.3

.. .. .. ..

103.2 103.2 103.7 104.6

.. .. .. ..

100.1 100.1 100.1 99.6

.. .. .. ..

112.5 112.9 111.8 112.8

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

116.1 126.8 128.1 105.5

.. .. .. ..

104.6 104.6 121.4 121.4

.. .. .. ..

99.3 99.3 99.4 99.5

.. .. .. ..

112.4 112.9 113.0 121.5

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

94.0 98.7 105.3 105.2

.. .. .. ..

121.4 121.4 121.4 121.4

.. .. .. ..

116.2 116.5 118.0 118.7

.. .. .. ..

122.1 121.2 122.8 124.3

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

110.6 116.4 115.3 120.1

.. .. .. ..

121.6 121.6 121.6 121.6

.. .. .. ..

137.4 137.4 137.4 138.6

.. .. .. ..

123.9 124.2 125.5 124.9

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

127.9 ..

.. ..

121.6 ..

.. ..

138.8 ..

.. ..

123.9 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100.0 110.5 112.5 115.0 122.6 124.6

CROATIA

ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 429

Gasoline

CROATIA

Pump prices. Specifications: Grade and Octane:

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes. Sources: Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, Energy in Croatia, Annual Report, 2009, and previous versions. Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average. VAT came into effect in Croatia on 1 January 1998; it replaced a single stage retail tax. Before VAT, a single stage retail tax applied in Croatia as a general consumption tax. From

To

%

01.01.98 01.08.09

31.07.09 now

22 23

OIL PRODUCTS Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted annual average. Total prices are inclusive of VAT.

Lead content:

Premium unleaded 98 RON Premium unleaded 95 RON 0.005 g/litre

NATURAL GAS Prices shown refer to average selling prices of natural gas for all distribution companies in the Republic of Croatia. Prices have been converted into 107 kcal GCV by the IEA secretariat, using standard conversion factors. The total prices are inclusive of VAT.

COAL Prices refer to the import price, as there is no domestic coal production in Croatia. The total prices are exclusive of VAT. Specifications: Steam coal for industry and electricity generation Quality:

Hard coal (Kameni uglijen)

Automotive diesel oil Pump prices. Automotive diesel for commercial users is the price for agriculture and fishing. Specifications: Density: 0.845 t/kl Sulphur content: ≤ 0.001%

ELECTRICITY Prices shown refer to the average selling price of electrical energy. The total prices for industry are exclusive of VAT.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

430 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CYPRUS Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. .. 310.33 373.64 406.43 551.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. 15.17 15.38 15.38 24.88 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 15.17 15.38 15.38 24.88 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. .. 325.50 389.02 421.81 575.94 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 560.15 395.98 502.81

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.88 24.88 20.87

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.88 24.88 20.87

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 585.03 420.86 523.68

506.03 520.30 527.91 588.33 675.71

20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50

-

20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50 20.50

526.53 540.80 548.41 608.83 696.21

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 434.3 500.8 508.7 660.8 441.0 554.8

.. .. .. .. .. 184.5 180.3 171.6 92.1 92.2 109.5

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 184.5 180.3 171.6 92.1 92.2 109.5

.. .. .. .. .. 618.8 681.1 680.3 752.9 533.2 664.3

.. .. .. .. .. 434.3 500.8 508.7 660.8 441.0 554.8

.. .. .. .. .. 184.5 180.3 171.6 92.1 92.2 109.5

.. .. .. .. .. 92.8 102.2 102.0 112.9 80.0 99.6

.. .. .. .. .. 277.4 282.4 273.6 205.0 172.2 209.1

.. .. .. .. .. 711.6 783.2 782.3 865.9 613.2 763.9

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

551.3 581.9 586.0 664.2 736.1

135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4

-

135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4

686.7 717.4 721.4 799.6 871.5

551.3 581.9 586.0 664.2 736.1

135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4 135.4

103.0 107.6 108.2 119.9 130.7

238.4 243.0 243.6 255.4 266.2

789.7 825.0 829.6 919.6 1002.2

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.472 0.525 0.539 0.688 0.469 0.573

.. .. .. .. .. 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.256 0.256 0.302

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.256 0.256 0.302

.. .. .. .. .. 0.716 0.769 0.783 0.944 0.725 0.875

.. .. .. .. .. 0.472 0.525 0.539 0.688 0.469 0.573

.. .. .. .. .. 0.244 0.244 0.244 0.256 0.256 0.302

.. .. .. .. .. 0.107 0.115 0.118 0.142 0.109 0.131

.. .. .. .. .. 0.351 0.359 0.362 0.398 0.365 0.433

.. .. .. .. .. 0.823 0.884 0.900 1.085 0.834 1.006

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.584 0.585 0.603 0.705 0.760

0.270 0.341 0.341 0.341 0.341

-

0.270 0.341 0.341 0.341 0.341

0.854 0.926 0.944 1.046 1.101

0.584 0.585 0.603 0.705 0.760

0.270 0.341 0.341 0.341 0.341

0.128 0.139 0.142 0.157 0.165

0.398 0.480 0.483 0.498 0.506

0.982 1.065 1.086 1.203 1.266

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 431

CYPRUS Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-Tax price

Premium leaded gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.667 0.686 0.715 0.656 0.668 .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 0.437 0.500 0.524 0.583 0.456 0.562

.. .. .. .. .. 0.299 0.299 0.299 0.309 0.309 0.342

.. .. .. .. .. 0.110 0.120 0.123 0.134 0.115 0.136

.. .. .. .. .. 0.409 0.419 0.422 0.443 0.424 0.478

0.634 0.654 0.683 0.606 0.668 0.846 0.919 0.946 1.026 0.880 1.040

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.582 0.565 0.576 0.661 0.697

0.319 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370

0.135 0.140 0.142 0.155 0.160

0.454 0.510 0.512 0.525 0.530

1.036 1.075 1.088 1.186 1.227

Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.650 0.687 0.715 0.621 0.696 0.763 0.819 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.187 0.187 0.187 0.245 0.307 0.381 0.446 .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.161 0.133 0.159

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.002 0.002 0.005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.002 0.002 0.005

0.092 0.087 0.085 0.092 0.085 0.099 0.114 .. 0.163 0.136 0.163

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1648 0.1362 0.1622

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0022 0.0022 0.0048

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0250 0.0208 0.0251

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0272 0.0230 0.0299

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1920 0.1592 0.1921

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.153 0.165 0.165 .. ..

0.002 0.007 0.007 .. ..

.. ..

0.002 0.007 0.007 .. ..

0.155 0.172 0.172 .. ..

0.1564 0.1682 0.1682 .. ..

0.0022 0.0073 0.0073 .. ..

0.0238 0.0263 0.0263 .. ..

0.0260 0.0336 0.0336 .. ..

0.1824 0.2018 0.2018 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

432 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

CYPRUS Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 50.4 52.7 51.4 52.0 59.8 62.0 69.0 76.6 88.3 100.0 107.5 110.1 122.4 101.6 121.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 60.2 67.3 58.1 59.8 88.1 85.2 83.6 91.9 89.4 100.0 113.2 112.9 138.9 118.5 144.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45.0 47.3 47.3 47.3 47.3 47.3 47.3 61.8 82.8 100.0 114.3 123.0 139.0 112.2 138.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 91.0 91.0 91.2 91.8 93.1 94.0 95.1 96.7 97.2 100.0 99.2 99.6 97.6 99.3 100.9

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

79.5 73.8 77.4

.. .. ..

93.5 91.5 92.4

.. .. ..

65.2 62.0 62.0

.. .. ..

96.7 96.7 96.7

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

82.2 86.6 91.7 92.7

.. .. .. ..

88.0 86.1 91.4 92.2

.. .. .. ..

70.5 75.2 84.1 101.3

.. .. .. ..

96.7 96.7 96.7 98.7

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

91.2 97.5 105.9 105.3

.. .. .. ..

88.3 93.6 104.8 113.2

.. .. .. ..

98.8 93.7 93.4 114.1

.. .. .. ..

100.3 100.2 99.5 100.0

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

103.1 111.0 112.9 102.7

.. .. .. ..

111.7 113.7 114.6 112.7

.. .. .. ..

120.8 114.5 109.8 112.2

.. .. .. ..

100.1 99.3 98.7 98.7

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

100.9 111.1 112.4 115.8

.. .. .. ..

107.8 105.7 115.3 122.7

.. .. .. ..

115.3 119.2 121.8 135.8

.. .. .. ..

99.3 100.0 99.3 99.9

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

118.6 130.4 132.9 107.6

.. .. .. ..

129.2 131.4 145.5 149.5

.. .. .. ..

139.3 140.5 147.1 129.4

.. .. .. ..

97.3 97.6 97.9 97.6

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

92.3 101.3 107.4 105.7

.. .. .. ..

118.6 107.9 118.8 128.5

.. .. .. ..

105.2 104.4 115.7 123.5

.. .. .. ..

98.1 98.2 99.8 101.0

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

110.2 120.2 126.5 128.5

.. .. .. ..

136.9 142.9 148.9 148.5

.. .. .. ..

136.8 133.6 132.3 151.5

.. .. .. ..

99.5 101.9 100.7 101.5

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

139.7 ..

.. ..

145.5 ..

.. ..

166.7 ..

.. ..

100.5 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

CYPRUS

ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 433

Specifications: High sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: > 1%

CYPRUS GENERAL NOTES Conversion to Euro: Prices and taxes prior to 1 January 2008, the date of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), have been converted from Cypriot Pounds using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate of 0.585274 CYP/Euro. This methodology facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution (i.e. growth rates) is preserved. However, pre-EMU Euro are a notional unit and are not normally suitable to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons.

Source: for HSFO used for industry, prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Light fuel oil Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration). Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Heating gas oil

General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes.

Source: prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

From

To

%

Automotive diesel oil

01.05.04

now

15

Pump prices.

Source: Unless otherwise specified, published in Industrial Statistics by Statistical Service Cyprus. Prices from this source refer to the retail prices at the filling stations, including excise taxes and excluding VAT.

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Note by Turkey: With respect to Cyprus, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May 2004. The information in this book under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC).

Source: prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this book relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

Specifications: Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro Super 95

OIL PRODUCTS Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average.

Heavy fuel oil for industry Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Specifications: Quality:

Automotive gas oil

Gasoline Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Regular leaded gasoline Quality: Leaded 92 RON Source: for unleaded (95 RON), prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

ELECTRICITY Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

434 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

CYPRUS

Electricity Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Source: Eurostat, Harmonised indices of consumer prices (HICP).

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Oil products Retail: Weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (cp0453) and HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Coal Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 435

GHANA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Ghanian Cedis

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

91.91 120.80 .. 126.68 .. 197.39 265.45 365.49 557.71 503.04 656.32

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

17.78 21.82 .. 78.36 .. 105.74 128.65 79.40 79.42 62.28 58.15

109.68 142.62 .. 205.05 .. 303.13 394.10 444.89 637.13 565.32 714.47

116.8 174.3 .. 306.9 .. 426.0 561.1 689.5 1009.6 826.8 946.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15.7 21.3 .. 82.0 .. 77.7 74.3 53.0 37.8 -29.8 -36.6

132.5 195.6 .. 388.9 .. 503.7 635.5 742.4 1047.4 797.0 910.0

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

656.32 656.32 656.32 810.18 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

58.15 58.15 58.15 62.87 ..

714.47 714.47 714.47 873.05 ..

946.6 946.6 946.6 946.6 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-36.6 -36.6 -36.6 -36.6 ..

910.0 910.0 910.0 910.0 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.097 0.150 .. 0.262 .. 0.441 0.576 0.665 0.967 0.943 1.103

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.036 0.046 .. 0.127 .. 0.173 0.183 0.176 0.153 0.086 0.078

0.133 0.196 .. 0.389 .. 0.613 0.760 0.840 1.120 1.029 1.181

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1.103 1.103 1.103 1.363 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.078 0.078 0.078 0.133 ..

1.181 1.181 1.181 1.495 ..

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.103 0.185 .. 0.310 .. 0.398 0.523 0.618 0.810 0.824 1.011

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.039 0.049 .. 0.134 .. 0.288 0.293 0.278 0.278 0.182 0.159

0.142 0.233 .. 0.445 .. 0.685 0.815 0.896 1.087 1.006 1.170

0.100 0.110 .. 0.166 .. 0.314 0.378 0.459 0.563 0.460 0.523

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.012 0.014 .. 0.040 .. -0.024 -0.003 -0.034 -0.034 -0.062 -0.069

0.112 0.124 .. 0.206 .. 0.290 0.376 0.426 0.530 0.398 0.454

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.011 1.011 1.011 1.262 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.159 0.159 0.159 0.219 ..

1.170 1.170 1.170 1.482 ..

0.523 0.523 0.523 0.624 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

-0.069 -0.069 -0.069 -0.069 ..

0.454 0.454 0.454 0.555 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

436 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

GHANA

GHANA

Light fuel oil Prices refer to ex-pump kerosene prices.

GENERAL NOTES In July 2007, Ghana redenominated its currency, the cedi, at a rate of 1 new Ghana cedi to 10,000 old cedis. Prices are expressed in the new currency, the Ghana Cedi, for all time periods both before and after July 2007. Sources: National Petroleum Authority.

OIL PRODUCTS

Automotive diesel oil Prices refer to ex-pump gas oil prices. Specifications: Density: 0.845 t/kl Sulphur content: ≤ 0.001%

Gasoline Pump prices.

Ex-tax prices refer to ex-refinery prices plus margins.

Specifications: Grade and Octane:

High sulphur fuel oil

Liquefied petroleum gas

Prices refer to ex-depot residual fuel oil prices.

Pump prices.

Specifications: Density: 0.94 t/kl (assumed)

Specifications: Density: 0.542 t/kl (assumed)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Premium gasoline

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 437

INDIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Indian Rupees

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Total price

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Total price

1110 1169 1357 1671 1592 1761 2803 2657 3242 2194 ..

1453 1297 1505 1915 1823 1983 2497 2347 3216 2176 ..

2563 2466 2861 3586 3415 3745 5300 5004 6458 4371 ..

12627 9773 11340 14032 13362 14537 22476 21124 28943 19588 26122

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Kerosene oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

10297 12311 11211 14731 14201 17251 20601 21211 25001 24801 ..

1675 1970 1794 3857 3772 5365 5912 6071 6180 6151 ..

1976 2185 1990 2937 2840 3573 3314 3410 3898 3869 ..

3651 4155 3784 6794 6612 8939 9226 9481 10078 10020 ..

13528 16466 14995 21525 20813 26190 29828 30692 35079 34822 34480

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10350 7570 9008 9260 9260 9271 9048 9048 9090 9100 9270

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax Tax tax

10065 7307 8478 10446 9947 10792 17176 16120 22485 15218 ..

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax Tax tax

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

12.11 12.92 12.23 16.37 16.08 18.99 22.28 22.66 23.54 23.72 ..

2.60 2.56 2.94 3.78 3.74 4.87 5.14 4.76 4.78 3.75 ..

3.09 5.18 5.92 7.72 7.61 8.97 10.15 7.53 7.76 6.98 ..

5.69 7.74 8.86 11.50 11.35 13.84 15.28 12.29 12.54 10.73 ..

17.80 20.67 21.09 27.88 27.42 32.83 37.57 34.95 36.08 34.45 39.88

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

438 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

INDIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Indian Rupees

Ex-Tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Regular leaded (87 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise Sales Total tax Tax tax

Total price

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Total price

17.96 21.64 14.51 17.96 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6.13 4.29 11.67 6.13 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.06 5.36 5.44 5.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

11.19 9.65 17.11 11.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

29.14 31.81 32.16 29.14 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 20.27 12.28 16.70 16.84 17.94 22.19 22.47 24.08 20.98 ..

.. 4.22 10.78 12.36 12.40 14.71 15.05 14.77 14.82 13.79 ..

.. 7.23 7.72 9.53 9.58 10.58 11.92 11.17 11.61 9.77 ..

.. 11.45 18.50 21.89 21.98 25.29 26.96 25.94 26.43 23.56 ..

.. 31.72 30.77 38.59 38.82 43.23 49.16 48.41 50.51 44.55 52.20

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial Use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Ex-Tax price

Regular unleaded gasoline (per litre) Excise Sales Total tax Tax tax

.. 7.45 7.65 7.80 7.65 10.11 10.94 10.94 10.94 11.92 ..

.. 0.55 1.06 1.06 1.11 ..

.. 0.60 0.65 0.71 0.83 1.26 0.44 0.44 0.44 ..

.. 1.15 1.71 1.77 1.94 1.26 0.44 0.44 0.44 ..

.. 8.60 9.35 9.57 9.58 11.38 11.38 11.38 11.38 11.92 11.97

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price 1660.47 1660.47 1660.47 1660.47 1660.47 1768.00 1875.35 1875.35 1875.35 1875.35 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 439

INDIA Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Indian Rupees

Ex-Tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

915 1007 1197 1197 1289 1380 1380 1380 1520 1521 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise Sales Total tax Tax tax 139 139 139 172 175 175 175 184 216 219 ..

42 46 53 55 59 62 62 63 69 70 ..

181 184 192 227 234 237 237 246 285 288 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price 1096 1191 1389 1424 1522 1617 1617 1626 1805 1809 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise Sales Total price tax Tax tax 639 703 703 703 757 810 810 810 890 890 ..

74 74 74 92 95 95 95 101 125 126 ..

29 31 31 32 34 36 36 36 41 41 ..

102 105 105 124 129 131 131 138 165 167 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2977 3045 3223 3402 .. 4006 .. .. .. .. ..

1453 1598 1598 1650 2065 2480 2480 2480 2730 2746 ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price 3.6020 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-Tax price

741 808 808 827 886 941 941 948 1055 1057 ..

199 199 199 257 260 260 260 274 327 332 ..

66 72 72 76 93 110 110 110 122 123 ..

265 271 271 333 353 370 370 384 449 455 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1718 1869 1869 1983 2418 2850 2850 2864 3179 3200 ..

1.4840 1.6280 1.7170 1.8700 .. 2.0550 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

440 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

INDIA Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 1993 =100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Electricity

Retail

75.5 84.3 92.6 100.0 106.6 106.7 118.8 135.9 139.0 157.9 226.3 246.8 267.8 284.8 326.0 369.7 396.2 386.6 441.5 401.1 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 1993 =100 63.1 70.0 78.2 100.0 113.6 127.8 133.5 151.8 157.2 168.9 200.0 224.8 238.0 248.8 253.0 263.4 271.7 273.0 275.9 275.7 ..

Natural gas

Retail

Wholesale

Coal

Retail

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 1993 =100 68.9 74.1 87.5 100.0 105.2 107.1 121.9 135.7 142.6 148.2 167.2 168.0 165.5 187.0 224.7 280.8 267.8 279.9 .. .. ..

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. 382.3 383.2 383.4

.. .. .. ..

.. 272.6 272.7 272.7

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

383.4 441.4 464.7 485.7

.. .. .. ..

274.1 276.5 276.5 276.5

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

486.3 388.3 398.3 406.6

.. .. .. ..

274.1 269.2 277.7 281.9

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

414.9 .. .. -

.. .. .. -

281.9 .. .. -

.. .. .. -

.. .. .. -

.. .. .. -

.. .. .. -

.. .. .. -

-

-

-

-

-

1Q2011 2Q2011

-

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

-

-

INDIA

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 441

INDIA GENERAL NOTES Unless specified otherwise, annual prices are based on the Indian fiscal year beginning 1 April. See individual products for more details.

From

To

01.11.99 01.01.00 01.04.00 02.06.00

31.12.99 31.03.00 01.06.00 31.12.00

Sales tax is levied as a percentage on the ex-tax price plus excise tax amount, but can also contain an additional surcharge (see individual fuels).

See table for High sulphur fuel oil.

Total price is made up of assessable value, excise duty (including an ad valorem “education cess”) and sales tax. From 1978 - 1981, prices refer to those of 1 January. General tax (Sales tax) From

To

Prior to 01.04.88 03.07.96 02.09.97 01.04.98 01.01.01

31.03.88 02.07.96 01.09.97 31.03.98 31.12.00 now

% 4 8 12 8 13 unknown

.. 1379.46 1511.90 ..

Furnace oil (FO) 0.97 t/kl (assumed) 9 600 kcal/kg (assumed)

Light fuel oil for industry

High sulphur fuel oil

.. 1422.1 1557.9 ..

Specifications

Oil product prices and sales tax refer to the Mumbai (Bombay) area, as countrywide average prices and sales tax among the 26 states are not feasible. However, excise tax and customs duties are uniform throughout India. The excise tax contains both an ad valorem component and a flat rate component. The percentage part of the excise tax is applied to the price excluding the dealer’s commission.

Sources: Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi and Central Statistical Organisation, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi.

INR/ kl

For excise tax rates after 2001, see the book tables. Quality: Density: NCV:

OIL PRODUCTS

INR/ tonne

Total price is made up of assessable value, excise duty (including an ad valorem “education cess” and an additional levy along with cess) and sales tax. From 1978 to 1981, prices refer to those of 1 January. Sales tax Excise/Customs duty From

To

01.03.79 17.08.79 01.03.88 28.02.93 01.03.94 03.07.96 02.09.97 01.01.99 01.04.99 01.11.99 01.01.00 01.04.00 02.06.00

16.08.79 28.02.88 27.02.93 28.02.94 02.07.96 01.09.97 31.12.98 31.03.99 31.10.99 31.12.99 31.03.00 01.06.00 31.12.00

INR/ kl 74.15 153.96 160.91 173.02 558.76 950.00 740.00 1008.00 1139.20 .. 1561.80 1669.40 ..

For excise tax rates after 2001, see the book tables. Specifications

Excise tax/Customs duty From

To

INR/ tonne

INR/ kl

01.03.79 01.03.88 28.02.93 01.03.94 03.07.96 02.09.97 01.01.98 01.04.98 01.01.99 01.04.99

28.02.88 27.02.93 28.02.94 02.07.96 01.09.97 31.12.97 31.03.98 31.12.98 31.03.99 31.10.99

129.8 155.4 196.0 464.0 794.0 546.0 794.0 773.0 705.9 725.8

125.92 150.71 190.00 450.00 770.00 530.00 750.50 749.80 684.70 704.00

Quality: Density: NCV:

Light diesel oil 0.83 t/kl (assumed) 10 350 kcal/kg (assumed)

Light fuel oil for households From 2001 onwards, total price is made up of assessable value, sales tax (including a surcharge on sales tax) and a number of other charges, commissions and costs. Prior to 2001, prices refer to basic ceiling price (ex-storage point). Sources: From 2001 onwards, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. Prior to 2001, Monthly Abstract of Statistics, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

442 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Specifications Quality: Density:

Superior kerosene oil (SKO) 0.828/kl (assumed)

INDIA

From

To

01.04.90 01.10.94 01.01.01

30.09.94 31.12.00 now

% 20 21 unknown

Automotive diesel oil Total price is made up of assessable value, dealer commission, excise tax and sales tax (including a sales tax surcharge). From 1978 to 1981, prices refer to those of 1 January. General tax (Sales tax) From

To

Prior to 01.04.88 01.04.89 01.04.91 01.10.94 01.01.01

31.03.88 30.03.89 30.03.91 30.09.94 31.12.00 now

% 10 12 14 20 21 unknown

Excise tax/Customs duty From

To

01.03.79 17.08.79 11.09.79 01.03.88 28.02.93 01.03.94 01.10.94 03.07.96 02.09.97 01.01.98 01.04.98 01.04.99 01.07.99 01.11.99 01.01.00

16.08.79 10.09.79 28.02.88 27.02.93 28.02.94 30.09.94 02.07.96 01.09.97 31.12.97 31.03.98 31.03.99 30.06.99 31.10.99 31.12.99 31.12.00

INR/ litre 0.494 0.399 0.330 0.347 0.348 0.570 0.590 0.860 1.240 1.210 1.170 1.100 1.140 1.600 2.600

For excise tax rates after 2001, see the book tables. Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

High speed diesel oil 0.82 t/kl 10 080 kcal/kg

Gasoline Total price is made up of assessable value, dealer commission, excise tax and sales tax (including a surcharge). From 1978 to 1981, prices refer to those of 1 January.

Excise tax/Customs duty From

To

INR/ litre

01.03.79 17.08.79 01.03.88 28.02.93 01.03.94 01.10.94 03.07.96 02.09.97 01.10.98 01.01.99 01.01.00

16.08.79 28.02.88 27.02.93 28.02.94 30.09.94 02.07.96 01.09.97 30.09.98 31.12.98 31.12.99 31.12.00

2.703 2.216 2.327 2.438 2.570 2.640 2.670 3.540 5.160 5.130 6.130

For excise tax rates after 2001, see the book tables. Specifications Grade and Octane:

Density: NCV:

Premium leaded 93 RON Leaded reg. 87 (1982 onwards) Leaded reg. 83 (prior to 1982) 0.75 t/kl (assumed) 10 700 kcal/kg (assumed)

Automotive LPG Original prices per 14.2 kg cylinders are converted to litres. Specifications Density:

0.54 kg/l

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to natural gas off-shore (landfall point), and exclude royalties, taxes and all statutory levels. Specifications NCV:

9 000 - 9 500 kcal/m3 (assumed)

Source: Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.

COAL PRICES

General tax (Sales tax) From

To

%

Prior to 01.04.88 01.04.89

31.03.88 30.03.89 30.03.90

12 15 17

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Sources: For industry and electricity generation: Coal Controllers’ Organisation, Kolkata. For households: Monthly Abstract of Statistics, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi.

INDIA

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 443

Steam Coal

From

To

Special Taxes Stowing Excise Duty (SED)

11.10.94 07.08.02 01.08.07

16.08.02 31.07.07 now

From

To

INR/ tonne

01.01.75 26.06.03

25.06.03 now

3.50 10.00

To

12.02.81 01.08.91 11.10.94 07.08.02 01.08.07

31.07.91 10.10.94 16.08.02 31.07.07 now

Specifications Industry Quality: NCV:

Quality:

Industry

Electricity

6.50 120.00 135.00 165.00 216.00

4.30 45.00 70.00 85.00 124.50

Non-coking coal, grade B (run of mine, non-long flame) from Mugma Area of ECL (CIL) 5 940 kcal/kg

Electricity generation Quality: Non-coking coal, grade E (run of mine, non-long flame) from Rajmahal Area of ECL (CIL) NCV: 4 560 kcal/kg Households Quality: NCV:

195.00 250.00 326.50

Specifications

Royalties (INR/tonne) From

INR/ tonne

Soft coke briquettes 8 900 kcal/kg (useful heating value)

NCV: Ash content:

Steel grade II (run of mine), from collieries of BCCL (CIL) linked to washeries 6 350 kcal/kg 15 - 18%

ELECTRICITY Sources: For industry: Planning Commission, Annual Report on the Working of State Electricity Boards and Electricity Departments, Central Statistical Organisation, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi. For households: Monthly Abstract of Statistics, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi.

Oil products

Coking coal Special taxes Stowing excise duty (SED) From

To

INR/ tonne

01.01.75 26.06.03

25.06.03 now

4.25 10.00

Wholesale: Indices are calculated from 1981 onwards, and are based on a weighted average of petrol, kerosene, aviation turbine fuel, high speed diesel oil, light diesel oil, lubricants and liquefied petroleum gas.

Electricity Wholesale: Electricity.

Royalties From

To

12.02.81 01.08.91

31.07.91 10.10.94

INR/ tonne 7.00 150.00

Coal Wholesale: Weighted average of coking coal, coke and lignite.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

444 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

INDONESIA Table 1 - Average total prices in Indonesian Rupiah Heavy fuel oil (per tonne) HSFO Industry Elec. gen 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

374483 1287879 1499656 1602961 1638258 2839704 3650323 4106491 5750537 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Reg. unleaded (88 RON) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1038 1292 1678 1810 1810 2828 4500 4500 5313 5000 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal industry 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

531983 830289 1357417 1735940 1797841 2659545 4998068 5042800 8167593 5358223 .. .. .. .. .. .. Gasoline (per litre) Prem. unleaded (95 RON)

Light fuel oil (per 1000 litres) Industry

Households

279979 1673125 1758333 1915833 2050000 3868194 5408262 5773353 8365910 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Prem. unleaded (92 RON) .. .. .. 2300 2480 4530 5483 5988 8363 6075 6528

7133 6742 7008 8375 ..

6708 6254 6625 8025 ..

Coal (per tonne) Steam coal Steam coal industry elec. gen.

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

513 1729 1797 1960 2100 3994 5815 6112 8696 6562 7377

563 763 900 1688 1650 2640 4300 4300 4971 4800 ..

7433 7250 7658 8142 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas

.. .. .. 2600 2776 4730 5692 6179 8608 6608 6979

135309 175614 193340 203081 203017 221319 295454 298047 430436 644312 ..

297500 377222 400000 1832083 1800000 2363333 2000000 2000000 2291667 2500000 ..

Automotive diesel (per litre) NonCommercial commercial

153790 199600 219750 230821 230750 251550 335810 338760 489230 732320 .. .. .. .. .. ..

(per 107 kilocalories GCV) Electricity Industry generation Households 378179 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

789154 944398 851064 780560 769971 917232 876008 850487 1055029 1376314 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

123017 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity (per kilowatt hour) Steam coal households .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Industry

Households

302.52 361.67 442.94 530.32 559.15 569.87 624.23 621.32 622.04 644.34 .. .. .. .. .. ..

207.34 253.65 392.79 522.48 557.76 563.05 571.12 571.76 588.01 589.33 .. .. .. .. .. ..

INDONESIA

ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 445

INDONESIA

30% of Indonesian oil product consumption and includes the capital Jakarta. Specifications Regular unleaded 88 RON gasoline Quality: Premium

OIL PRODUCTS Since 2005, the government of Indonesia has no longer subsidised oil products, with the exceptions of kerosene for household use, automotive diesel oil (ADO) and gasoline for transportation.

Premium unleaded 95 RON gasoline Quality: Pertamax Plus

From 2003 onwards, prices refer to the standard retail price and in 2002 to the market price. Prior to 2002, oil product prices refer to the subsidised price.

Sources: From 2003 onwards, Pertamina. From 1990 to 2000, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. From 1984 to 1989, Asian Development Bank Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries. From 1980 to 1983, OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin.

Sources: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. See individual products for exceptions.

High sulphur fuel oil Specifications Quality: Density: NCV:

Fuel oil 0.968 t/kl (assumed) 9 820 kcal/kg (assumed)

Heavy fuel oil for electricity generation Prices refer to average price of oil products used.

Premium unleaded 92 RON gasoline Quality: Pertamax

NATURAL GAS Industry Prices refer to city gas used by the fertiliser industry. Source: Ministry for Energy and Mineral Resources.

Electricity generation

Source: PT PLN (national electricity company).

Specifications GCV:

Light fuel oil

Source: PT PLN (national electricity company).

Specifications Industry: Quality:

Households Industrial diesel oil (IDO)

Household: Quality:

Kerosene (subsidised)

9750 kcal/m3 (assumed)

Prices refer to city gas delivered to households.

COAL

Diesel

Industry

Specifications Commercial: Quality:

Prices refer to manufacturing industry codes 31-39.

Non-commercial: Quality:

Automotive diesel oil (non-subsidised)

Electricity generation

Automotive diesel oil (subsidised)

Specifications NCV:

Prices refer to the annual consumption value per total annual volumes. 5 300 - 5 500 kcal/kg

Sources: From 2009 onwards, Pertamina. From 1990 to 2008, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. From 1984 to 1989, Asian Development Bank Key Indicators of Developing Asian and Pacific Countries. From 1980 to 1983, OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin.

Sources: From 2009 onwards, PT PLN. Until 2008, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.

Gasoline

Prices refer to average selling prices of Indonesia.

From 2006 onwards, prices refer to the UPMS III Region, an area of Indonesia which accounts for approximately

Sources: From 2009 onwards, PT PLN. Until 2008, Ministry for Energy and Mineral Resources.

ELECTRICITY

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

446 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KAZAKHSTAN Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Tenge

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10694 10836 9578 10181 13362 16786 21424 20994 36524 28369 38799

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

37834 39787 41384 41771 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

19771 26583 21588 21085 23542 29917 47692 52950 78867 60189 64584

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

28328 29355 22975 27149 35690 48271 53107 58896 83203 66167 70583

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

62849 64267 65145 72416 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

68333 69333 74000 80333 ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 447

KAZAKHSTAN Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Tenge Premium unleaded (95/96 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Regular unleaded (76 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 101.60 92.00 100.20

30.07 31.75 28.05 32.05 38.96 44.07 50.40 58.29 57.38 43.12 ..

2.94 2.94 3.12 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 3.30 ..

6.60 6.24 4.99 5.66 6.34 7.11 8.05 8.62 7.89 5.57 ..

9.54 9.18 8.10 8.96 9.64 10.40 11.35 11.92 11.19 8.87 ..

39.61 40.93 36.15 41.01 48.60 54.47 61.75 70.21 68.57 51.99 ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

99.30 100.50 101.20 102.40 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Regular unleaded (80 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76.30 57.50 65.80

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4351 5027 4729 5143 6159 6321 7871 8238 8957 11220 10956

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

64.00 67.40 70.10 73.20 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

10800 10845 11236 14941 ..

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

6384 6867 7446 7822 7586 7747 8412 9024 9946 10891 11416

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

11223 11556 11652 11674 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

448 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KAZAKHSTAN Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Tenge

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1097 1296 1222 1017 1150 1192 1343 1373 1654 1805 2251

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2266 2281 2295 3736 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2249 2420 2429 2614 3317 3415 3746 5125 6318 6668 7005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2017 2064 1201 1511 1874 2380 2720 2755 3429 5901 5000

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6876 6933 7263 7394 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5105 4616 5067 4024 ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1.841 2.065 2.066 2.204 2.366 2.631 2.953 3.992 4.651 5.658 6.846

0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 -

-

0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 -

1.871 2.095 2.096 2.234 2.396 2.661 2.983 3.992 4.651 5.658 6.846

3.147 3.182 3.296 3.375 3.483 3.596 3.892 4.667 5.496 6.214 7.411

0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 -

0.635 0.578 0.532 0.545 0.527 0.544 0.588 0.653 0.714 0.746 0.889

0.665 0.608 0.562 0.575 0.557 0.574 0.618 0.653 0.714 0.746 0.889

3.812 3.791 3.858 3.950 4.040 4.170 4.510 5.320 6.210 6.960 8.300

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

6.947 6.919 6.937 9.853 ..

..

..

..

6.947 6.919 6.937 9.853 ..

7.446 7.420 7.429 7.973 ..

..

0.894 0.890 0.891 0.957 ..

0.894 0.890 0.891 0.957 ..

8.340 8.310 8.320 8.930 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 449

KAZAKHSTAN Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005=100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. 27.1 30.9 23.9 64.7 101.4 71.9 87.3 88.3 90.8 100.0 118.0 134.6 157.5 165.5 192.8

Electricity

Retail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Wholesale 2005=100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 62.5 83.8 83.5 85.4 82.5 84.6 92.0 94.1 96.3 100.0 112.9 134.1 159.0 183.8 217.3

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.7 79.8 87.1 87.7 90.7 90.2 93.4 96.4 97.7 100.0 114.9 147.9 168.0 184.1 206.9

Wholesale 2005=100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 37.4 41.2 43.1 41.9 68.5 79.8 88.7 93.4 91.3 100.0 103.5 110.8 150.4 142.4 161.2

Coal

Retail 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 29.2 37.6 39.6 52.2 62.7 67.8 72.0 75.7 80.2 100.0 117.5 136.8 151.7 155.8 164.8

Wholesale 2005=100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 52.9 59.5 61.0 73.8 69.5 93.9 93.1 91.2 93.5 100.0 103.9 107.8 190.1 208.5 213.1

Retail 2005 = 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53.4 58.9 64.6 66.1 82.0 89.6 100.0 109.9 137.8 168.3 173.0 190.6

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

450 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

KAZAKHSTAN

General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry. Industrial enterprises only pay the difference between VAT calculated on their output, and VAT paid on their inputs, to the central budget. From

To

%

01.01.93 01.07.01 01.01.04 01.01.07 01.01.08 01.01.09

30.06.01 31.12.03 31.12.06 31.12.07 31.12.08 now

20 16 15 14 13 12

Source: Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

OIL PRODUCTS

Specifications GCV:

9 320 kcal/m3 (assumed)

COAL Steam coal for industry Prices shown are monthly averages. Prior to 1996, prices are end-of-year prices. Specifications GCV:

4 807 kcal/kg (assumed)

Steam coal for households Prices shown are monthly averages. Specifications GCV:

Heavy fuel oil

6 173 kcal/kg (assumed)

Coking coal

Prices shown are monthly averages. Prior to 1996, prices are end-of-year prices. Mazut 0.96 t/kl (assumed)

Prices shown are monthly averages. Prior to 1996, prices are end-of-year prices. Specifications GCV:

7 011 kcal/kg (assumed)

ELECTRICITY

Light fuel oil General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Kazakhstan. Specifications Density:

NATURAL GAS Prices shown are monthly averages.

GENERAL NOTES

Specifications Quality: Density:

KAZAKHSTAN

0.83 t/kl (assumed)

Gasoline Prices shown are monthly averages. Prior to 1996, prices are end-of-year prices. General tax (VAT): See general notes for Kazakhstan. Excise tax: See excise tax column. Specifications Grade and Octane: Premium unleaded 98 RON Premium unleaded 95/96 RON Regular unleaded 80 RON Density: 0.845 t/kl (assumed)

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

General tax (VAT): Applies to households. See general notes for Kazakhstan. Excise tax From

To

KZT/ kWh

01.01.98 01.01.07

31.12.06 now

0.03 0.00

From 1996 onwards, prices shown are monthly averages. Prior to 1996, prices are end-of-year prices.

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are calculated as a ratio of the price in December of each year to the price in December of the base year.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 451

LATVIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Latvian Lats

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. .. 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 102.87 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. 9.75 10.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 9.75 10.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price .. .. .. .. .. 112.62 112.87 113.87 113.87 113.87 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 314.6 350.2 355.3 472.9 301.1 391.6

.. .. .. .. .. 13.8 14.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 18.9

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 13.8 14.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 18.9

.. .. .. .. .. 328.3 364.2 370.3 487.9 316.1 410.5

.. .. .. .. .. 314.6 350.2 355.3 472.9 301.1 391.6

.. .. .. .. .. 13.8 14.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 18.9

.. .. .. .. .. 59.1 65.6 66.7 87.8 66.4 86.2

.. .. .. .. .. 72.9 79.6 81.7 102.8 81.4 105.1

.. .. .. .. .. 387.4 429.8 436.9 575.7 382.4 496.7

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

396.4 402.2 417.0 480.7 500.7

15.0 15.0 30.6 40.0 15.0

-

15.0 15.0 30.6 40.0 15.0

411.4 417.2 447.6 520.7 515.7

396.4 402.2 417.0 480.7 500.7

15.0 15.0 30.6 40.0 15.0

86.4 87.6 94.0 114.5 113.5

101.4 102.6 124.6 154.5 128.5

497.8 504.8 541.6 635.2 629.2

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.315 0.350 0.356 0.473 0.306 0.394

.. .. .. .. .. 0.160 0.164 0.178 0.178 0.229 0.230

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 0.160 0.164 0.178 0.178 0.229 0.230

.. .. .. .. .. 0.475 0.514 0.534 0.651 0.535 0.624

.. .. .. .. .. 0.315 0.350 0.356 0.473 0.306 0.394

.. .. .. .. .. 0.160 0.164 0.178 0.178 0.229 0.230

.. .. .. .. .. 0.086 0.093 0.096 0.117 0.113 0.131

.. .. .. .. .. 0.246 0.257 0.274 0.295 0.342 0.361

.. .. .. .. .. 0.561 0.607 0.630 0.768 0.648 0.755

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.397 0.402 0.417 0.481 0.501

0.234 0.223 0.230 0.234 0.234

-

0.234 0.223 0.230 0.234 0.234

0.631 0.625 0.647 0.715 0.735

0.397 0.402 0.417 0.481 0.501

0.234 0.223 0.230 0.234 0.234

0.133 0.131 0.136 0.157 0.162

0.367 0.354 0.366 0.391 0.396

0.764 0.756 0.783 0.872 0.897

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

452 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LATVIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Latvian Lats Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.292 0.325 0.332 0.400 0.294 0.374

.. .. .. .. .. 0.188 0.192 0.209 0.209 0.264 0.263

.. .. .. .. .. 0.086 0.093 0.098 0.110 0.117 0.134

.. .. .. .. .. 0.274 0.285 0.307 0.319 0.381 0.396

.. .. .. .. .. 0.566 0.610 0.638 0.719 0.675 0.771

.. .. .. .. .. 0.173 0.199 0.204 0.271 0.211 0.225

.. .. .. .. .. 0.081 0.083 0.087 0.087 0.090 0.090

.. .. .. .. .. 0.046 0.051 0.052 0.064 0.063 0.066

.. .. .. .. .. 0.127 0.134 0.139 0.151 0.153 0.156

.. .. .. .. .. 0.300 0.333 0.344 0.422 0.364 0.381

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.379 0.382 0.391 0.442 0.477

0.269 0.256 0.256 0.269 0.269

0.136 0.134 0.136 0.156 0.164

0.405 0.390 0.392 0.425 0.433

0.784 0.772 0.783 0.867 0.910

0.223 0.223 0.233 0.268 0.265

0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090 0.090

0.066 0.066 0.068 0.079 0.078

0.156 0.156 0.158 0.169 0.168

0.379 0.379 0.391 0.437 0.433

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0490 0.0603 0.0611

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0490 0.0603 0.0611

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0612 0.0675 0.0675

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0031 0.0068 0.0068

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0031 0.0068 0.0068

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0643 0.0743 0.0743

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.0603 0.0619 0.0619 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

0.0603 0.0619 0.0619 .. ..

0.0675 0.0675 0.0675 .. ..

.. ..

0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 .. ..

0.0068 0.0068 0.0068 .. ..

0.0743 0.0743 0.0743 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 453

LATVIA Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 39.7 50.6 52.5 58.3 66.6 66.2 65.6 70.6 80.3 100.0 108.0 112.9 130.3 119.3 136.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 68.8 79.7 86.7 86.7 86.7 86.7 86.7 86.7 100.0 100.0 105.6 113.3 146.7 165.1 165.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 57.5 66.2 65.0 65.0 72.4 73.9 70.5 73.7 79.7 100.0 129.2 132.1 176.3 203.3 192.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 64.3 66.9 67.7 72.3 67.8 68.8 70.5 78.1 85.6 100.0 117.0 145.4 170.0 160.6 156.0

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

70.1 71.1 70.5

.. .. ..

86.7 86.7 86.7

.. .. ..

72.1 76.1 76.5

.. .. ..

77.5 78.5 80.1

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

71.5 79.6 83.2 87.0

.. .. .. ..

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.. .. .. ..

76.8 76.9 80.4 84.9

.. .. .. ..

82.5 84.2 86.5 89.3

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

89.2 97.2 107.1 106.8

.. .. .. ..

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.. .. .. ..

93.7 94.2 97.4 114.7

.. .. .. ..

92.0 93.2 104.2 110.3

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

104.0 108.6 113.8 100.4

.. .. .. ..

102.2 106.7 106.7 106.7

.. .. .. ..

122.8 128.9 132.6 132.3

.. .. .. ..

111.7 113.1 117.3 126.0

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

104.0 113.3 114.7 119.5

.. .. .. ..

113.3 113.3 113.3 113.3

.. .. .. ..

124.3 129.1 132.6 142.3

.. .. .. ..

133.9 139.5 146.5 161.9

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

128.2 136.7 140.4 116.0

.. .. .. ..

113.3 157.8 157.8 157.8

.. .. .. ..

155.9 157.5 163.2 228.8

.. .. .. ..

164.9 168.6 174.0 172.6

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

107.7 119.7 125.0 124.9

.. .. .. ..

165.1 165.1 165.1 165.1

.. .. .. ..

222.6 218.7 185.2 186.9

.. .. .. ..

173.3 162.0 155.6 151.5

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

131.8 138.2 136.9 140.0

.. .. .. ..

165.1 165.1 165.1 165.1

.. .. .. ..

178.2 178.0 209.3 204.9

.. .. .. ..

152.8 152.9 154.9 163.4

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

154.6 ..

.. ..

183.3 ..

.. ..

198.7 ..

.. ..

169.3 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

454 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LATVIA

Gasoline

LATVIA

Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes. From

To

%

01.05.04 01.01.09 01.01.11

31.12.2008 31.12.2010 now

18 21 22

Specifications: Leaded substitute gasoline Quality: Lead substitute petrol Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro-super 95

Automotive LPG Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

OIL PRODUCTS Source: Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

ELECTRICITY

Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average.

Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008.

Heavy fuel oil

Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: High sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: > 1%

Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Source: Eurostat, Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

Light fuel oil Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration). Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

Oil products Retail: HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Electricity Heating gas oil

Automotive diesel oil Pump prices.

Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Coal Automotive gas oil

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 455

LITHUANIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Lithuanian Litai

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 608.1 776.0 872.0 1101.6 882.0 1197.4

.. .. .. .. .. 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0

.. .. .. .. .. 660.1 828.0 924.0 1153.6 934.0 1249.4

.. .. .. .. .. 819.1 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 52.0 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 52.0 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 871.1 .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1228.1 1194.6 1217.8 1445.2 1563.4

52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0

-

52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0

1280.1 1246.6 1269.8 1497.2 1615.4

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 1326 1508 1542 2054 1338 1734

.. .. .. .. .. 73 73 73 73 73 73

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 73 73 73 73 73 73

.. .. .. .. .. 1399 1581 1615 2127 1411 1807

.. .. .. .. .. 1326 1508 1542 2054 1338 1734

.. .. .. .. .. 73 73 73 73 73 73

.. .. .. .. .. 252 285 291 383 277 380

.. .. .. .. .. 325 358 364 456 350 453

.. .. .. .. .. 1651 1865 1905 2510 1688 2187

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1789 1701 1835 2204 2205

73 73 73 73 73

-

73 73 73 73 73

1862 1774 1908 2277 2278

1789 1701 1835 2204 2205

73 73 73 73 73

391 373 401 478 478

464 446 474 551 551

2253 2147 2309 2755 2756

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 1.561 1.748 1.719 2.248 1.506 1.956

.. .. .. .. .. 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.947 1.060 0.947

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.947 1.060 0.947

.. .. .. .. .. 2.410 2.597 2.568 3.195 2.565 2.903

.. .. .. .. .. 1.561 1.748 1.719 2.248 1.506 1.956

.. .. .. .. .. 0.849 0.849 0.849 0.947 1.060 0.947

.. .. .. .. .. 0.434 0.467 0.462 0.575 0.503 0.610

.. .. .. .. .. 1.283 1.316 1.311 1.522 1.563 1.557

.. .. .. .. .. 2.844 3.064 3.030 3.770 3.068 3.513

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.980 1.996 2.063 2.367 2.504

0.947 0.947 0.947 1.043 1.043

-

0.947 0.947 0.947 1.043 1.043

2.927 2.943 3.010 3.410 3.547

1.980 1.996 2.063 2.367 2.504

0.947 0.947 0.947 1.043 1.043

0.615 0.618 0.632 0.716 0.745

1.562 1.565 1.579 1.759 1.788

3.542 3.561 3.642 4.126 4.292

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

456 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LITHUANIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Lithuanian Litai Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 1.427 1.641 1.638 1.893 1.443 1.855

.. .. .. .. .. 0.995 0.995 0.995 1.116 1.500 1.500

.. .. .. .. .. 0.436 0.474 0.474 0.542 0.579 0.705

.. .. .. .. .. 1.431 1.469 1.469 1.658 2.079 2.205

.. .. .. .. .. 2.858 3.110 3.106 3.551 3.522 4.059

.. .. .. .. .. 1.008 1.192 1.212 1.376 0.874 1.090

.. .. .. .. .. 0.229 0.229 0.229 0.229 0.578 0.578

.. .. .. .. .. 0.223 0.256 0.259 0.289 0.285 0.350

.. .. .. .. .. 0.452 0.485 0.488 0.518 0.863 0.928

.. .. .. .. .. 1.460 1.677 1.700 1.893 1.737 2.018

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.914 1.889 1.881 2.158 2.322

1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500

0.717 0.712 0.710 0.768 0.803

2.217 2.212 2.210 2.268 2.303

4.131 4.101 4.091 4.426 4.625

1.055 1.071 1.173 1.339 1.262

0.578 0.578 0.578 0.578 0.578

0.343 0.346 0.368 0.403 0.386

0.921 0.924 0.946 0.981 0.964

1.976 1.995 2.119 2.320 2.226

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1354.2 973.2 1209.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1354.2 973.2 1209.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1330.1 1554.4 1540.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 239.4 310.9 323.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 239.4 310.9 323.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1569.5 1865.2 1864.3

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1138.0 1281.6 1281.6 .. ..

.. ..

.. ..

.. ..

1138.0 1281.6 1281.6 .. ..

1418.3 1663.2 1663.2 .. ..

.. ..

297.8 349.3 349.3 .. ..

297.8 349.3 349.3 .. ..

1716.1 2012.5 2012.5 .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2964 0.3056 0.3539

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0101

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0101

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2964 0.3056 0.3640

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2591 0.2762 0.3435

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0466 0.0552 0.0721

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0466 0.0552 0.0721

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.3057 0.3314 0.4156

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.3545 0.3532 0.3532 .. ..

0.0015 0.0186 0.0186 .. ..

.. ..

0.0015 0.0186 0.0186 .. ..

0.3560 0.3718 0.3718 .. ..

0.3351 0.3518 0.3518 .. ..

.. ..

0.0704 0.0739 0.0739 .. ..

0.0704 0.0739 0.0739 .. ..

0.4055 0.4257 0.4257 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 457

LITHUANIA Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 51.4 58.0 61.2 71.9 85.8 81.2 79.6 82.5 89.5 100.0 108.9 109.4 125.4 120.1 138.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 56.9 61.8 66.7 66.7 86.8 86.8 91.7 91.7 91.7 100.0 100.0 107.0 107.0 117.4 151.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 61.5 69.9 73.5 73.7 90.6 94.4 91.3 91.2 91.0 100.0 124.5 133.6 178.8 181.1 183.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 62.0 74.0 75.1 75.7 74.8 72.0 73.0 75.4 80.7 100.0 113.9 136.3 181.3 163.3 171.4

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

82.6 81.1 79.8

.. .. ..

91.7 91.7 91.7

.. .. ..

93.9 89.1 89.0

.. .. ..

75.2 74.5 76.8

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

83.1 89.3 91.7 93.8

.. .. .. ..

91.7 91.7 91.7 91.7

.. .. .. ..

88.5 87.8 88.7 99.1

.. .. .. ..

78.6 79.4 81.8 83.1

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

91.3 95.6 106.2 106.8

.. .. .. ..

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.. .. .. ..

99.4 99.1 95.2 106.3

.. .. .. ..

94.5 100.2 101.6 103.6

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

108.2 112.7 110.4 105.2

.. .. .. ..

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

.. .. .. ..

118.9 116.7 125.8 136.4

.. .. .. ..

108.6 113.1 114.5 118.9

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

102.1 109.6 111.4 114.5

.. .. .. ..

107.0 107.0 107.0 107.0

.. .. .. ..

133.5 129.8 131.8 139.3

.. .. .. ..

128.2 133.1 138.0 145.9

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

123.8 132.7 135.7 109.4

.. .. .. ..

107.0 107.0 107.0 107.0

.. .. .. ..

176.4 174.8 181.3 182.6

.. .. .. ..

170.1 179.0 184.0 192.3

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

112.9 118.8 123.5 124.9

.. .. .. ..

120.9 120.9 114.0 114.0

.. .. .. ..

197.9 188.2 168.4 169.7

.. .. .. ..

180.7 163.2 155.8 153.5

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

133.1 139.6 139.1 141.1

.. .. .. ..

151.9 151.9 150.6 150.6

.. .. .. ..

171.1 172.7 191.5 198.3

.. .. .. ..

154.1 157.7 183.7 190.1

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

153.4 ..

.. ..

150.6 ..

.. ..

198.5 ..

.. ..

222.7 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

458 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

LITHUANIA

Gasoline

LITHUANIA

Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes.

Specifications: Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro-super 95

Automotive LPG Pump prices.

From

To

%

01.05.04

31.12.08

18

01.01.09

31.08.09

19

01.09.09

now

21

OIL PRODUCTS Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average. Source: Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

NATURAL GAS Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

ELECTRICITY

Heavy fuel oil

Prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008.

Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year.

Source: Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards.

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: High sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: > 1% Low sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: ≤ 1%

ENERGY PRICE INDICES Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average. Source: Eurostat, Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

Light fuel oil

Oil products

Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration).

Retail: From 2006 onwards, weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (cp0453) and HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722). Prior to 2006, HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Heating gas oil

Electricity Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Automotive diesel oil Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Coal Automotive gas oil

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 459

MALTA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Euro

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. .. 210.40 333.16 320.20 351.82 378.41 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. 13.98 13.98 13.98 13.97 15.02 ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 13.98 13.98 13.98 13.97 15.02 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

.. .. .. .. .. 224.38 347.14 334.18 365.79 393.43 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 486.42

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.36

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.36

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 503.78

491.90 505.48 501.33 571.97 676.42

15.02 15.02 24.38 30.00 30.00

-

15.02 15.02 24.38 30.00 30.00

506.92 520.50 525.72 601.97 706.42

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 411.9 571.5 566.9 771.7 450.5 490.2

.. .. .. .. .. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 76.2 104.0

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 76.2 104.0

.. .. .. .. .. 425.8 585.5 580.9 785.6 526.7 594.2

.. .. .. .. .. 411.9 571.5 566.9 771.7 450.5 490.2

.. .. .. .. .. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 96.9 104.0

.. .. .. .. .. 98.5 107.0

.. .. .. .. .. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 195.4 211.0

.. .. .. .. .. 425.8 585.5 580.9 785.6 645.9 701.2

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

506.5 513.7 492.3 593.1 658.1

97.0 97.0 125.2 142.1 142.1

-

97.0 97.0 125.2 142.1 142.1

603.5 610.7 617.5 735.2 800.1

506.5 513.7 492.3 593.1 658.1

97.0 97.0 125.2 142.1 142.1

108.6 109.9 111.2 132.3 144.0

205.6 206.9 236.3 274.4 286.1

712.1 720.7 728.7 867.5 944.2

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.499 0.589 0.559 0.703 0.474 0.530

.. .. .. .. .. 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.246 0.341 0.357

.. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.246 0.341 0.357

.. .. .. .. .. 0.744 0.834 0.804 0.949 0.815 0.886

.. .. .. .. .. 0.499 0.589 0.559 0.703 0.474 0.530

.. .. .. .. .. 0.245 0.245 0.245 0.246 0.341 0.357

.. .. .. .. .. 0.134 0.150 0.145 0.171 0.147 0.160

.. .. .. .. .. 0.379 0.395 0.390 0.417 0.487 0.516

.. .. .. .. .. 0.878 0.984 0.948 1.119 0.961 1.046

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.525 0.545 0.573 0.668 0.734

0.352 0.352 0.371 0.382 0.382

-

0.352 0.352 0.371 0.382 0.382

0.877 0.897 0.944 1.050 1.116

0.525 0.545 0.573 0.668 0.734

0.352 0.352 0.371 0.382 0.382

0.158 0.161 0.170 0.189 0.201

0.510 0.513 0.541 0.571 0.583

1.035 1.058 1.114 1.239 1.317

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

460 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

MALTA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Euro Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. 0.491 0.627 0.572 0.650 0.532 0.571

.. .. .. .. .. 0.310 0.310 0.310 0.310 0.419 0.443

.. .. .. .. .. 0.144 0.169 0.159 0.173 0.171 0.183

.. .. .. .. .. 0.454 0.479 0.469 0.483 0.590 0.625

.. .. .. .. .. 0.945 1.106 1.040 1.132 1.122 1.196

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.588 0.592 0.582 0.651 0.709

0.438 0.438 0.457 0.469 0.469

0.185 0.185 0.187 0.202 0.212

0.623 0.623 0.644 0.671 0.681

1.211 1.215 1.226 1.322 1.390

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 461

MALTA Table 3 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale

Retail

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 55.8 61.8 61.9 69.4 77.6 77.9 80.2 82.6 89.0 100.0 113.3 108.2 121.4 109.5 123.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 74.2 73.2 67.9 67.9 75.1 75.1 81.4 81.4 81.4 100.0 130.3 120.5 145.4 161.1 202.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 62.6 63.9 70.4 70.4 70.4 70.4 70.4 70.4 77.4 100.0 105.4 104.0 115.5 134.4 186.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

.. .. ..

81.9 83.4 83.2

.. .. ..

81.4 81.4 81.4

.. .. ..

70.4 70.4 70.4

.. .. ..

.. .. ..

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

.. .. .. ..

84.3 86.0 91.7 93.8

.. .. .. ..

81.4 81.4 81.4 81.4

.. .. .. ..

72.0 72.8 74.8 90.0

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

.. .. .. ..

92.4 93.9 99.7 114.1

.. .. .. ..

94.9 94.9 94.9 115.4

.. .. .. ..

97.8 98.2 98.2 105.9

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

.. .. .. ..

111.8 116.5 118.5 106.2

.. .. .. ..

125.0 133.9 131.7 130.4

.. .. .. ..

104.2 106.9 107.3 103.2

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

.. .. .. ..

103.3 105.2 111.9 112.4

.. .. .. ..

122.4 117.6 120.3 121.6

.. .. .. ..

101.9 102.2 105.1 106.8

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

.. .. .. ..

113.7 118.4 126.8 126.5

.. .. .. ..

121.6 121.6 158.1 180.2

.. .. .. ..

107.3 114.7 120.7 119.1

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

.. .. .. ..

104.3 104.3 115.5 114.1

.. .. .. ..

184.0 153.5 153.5 153.5

.. .. .. ..

106.3 127.6 144.9 158.9

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

.. .. .. ..

115.9 123.7 124.7 128.3

.. .. .. ..

202.0 202.0 202.0 202.0

.. .. .. ..

159.2 159.2 204.2 222.3

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

1Q2011 2Q2011

.. ..

138.9 ..

.. ..

202.5 ..

.. ..

242.6 ..

.. ..

.. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

462 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

MALTA

Light fuel oil

MALTA

Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration).

GENERAL NOTES

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Conversion to Euro: Prices and taxes prior to 1 January 2008, the date of entry into the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), have been converted from Maltese Liri using the appropriate irrevocable conversion rate equal to 0.4293 Liri/Euro. This methodology facilitates comparisons within a country over time and ensures that the historical evolution (i.e. growth rates) is preserved. However, pre-EMU Euro are a notional unit and are not normally suitable to form area aggregates or to carry out cross-country comparisons. General tax (VAT): VAT is not included in prices and taxes shown for industry because it is refunded on purchases for commercial purposes. From

To

%

01.05.04

now

18

OIL PRODUCTS Source: Prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Specifications: Quality:

Heating gas oil

Automotive diesel oil Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Automotive gas oil

Gasoline Pump prices. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Leaded substitute gasoline Quality: Lead substitute petrol Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro-super 95

ENERGY PRICE INDICES

Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average.

Annual indices are 12-month averages. Quarterly indices refer to the three-month average.

Heavy fuel oil

Source: Eurostat, Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year.

Oil products

Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column.

Retail: HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

Specifications:

Electricity

High sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: > 1%

Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Light sulphur fuel oil Sulphur content: < 1%

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Natural gas Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 463

ROMANIA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in New Romanian Lei

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1704.1 1438.2 1901.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45.0 55.0 65.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45.0 55.0 65.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1749.1 1493.2 1966.3

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1877.0 1985.5 1995.3 2215.6 2387.1

65.0 65.0 65.0 64.0 64.0

-

65.0 65.0 65.0 64.0 64.0

1942.0 2050.5 2060.3 2279.6 2451.1

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1870.7 1521.2 1812.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 921.8 1230.0 1251.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 921.8 1230.0 1251.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2792.5 2751.2 3063.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1870.7 1521.2 1812.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 921.8 1230.0 1251.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 530.6 522.7 658.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1452.4 1752.7 1910.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3323.1 3273.9 3722.4

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1743.5 1869.3 1981.2 2227.3 2363.7

1251.7 1251.7 1251.7 1290.4 1290.4

-

1251.7 1251.7 1251.7 1290.4 1290.4

2995.2 3121.0 3232.8 3517.7 3654.1

1743.5 1869.3 1981.2 2227.3 2363.7

1251.7 1251.7 1251.7 1290.4 1290.4

569.1 749.0 775.9 844.2 877.0

1820.8 2000.7 2027.6 2134.6 2167.3

3564.2 3870.0 4008.7 4361.9 4531.1

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.464 1.954 2.375

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.922 1.061 1.252

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.922 1.061 1.252

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.386 3.015 3.627

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.464 1.954 2.375

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.922 1.061 1.252

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.644 0.573 0.783

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.566 1.634 2.035

0.848 1.322 1.590 1.887 2.467 3.032 3.290 3.150 4.030 3.588 4.410

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

2.378 2.434 2.571 2.823 ..

1.252 1.252 1.252 1.290 ..

..

1.252 1.252 1.252 1.290 ..

3.630 3.686 3.823 4.113 ..

2.378 2.434 2.571 2.823 ..

1.252 1.252 1.252 1.290 ..

0.690 0.885 0.917 0.987 ..

1.942 2.137 2.169 2.277 ..

4.320 4.570 4.740 5.100 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

464 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ROMANIA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in New Romanian Lei Premium unleaded (98 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.029 1.817 2.227

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.099 1.254 1.486

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.594 0.584 0.800

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.693 1.838 2.286

1.121 1.517 2.022 2.429 2.720 3.236 3.350 3.290 3.723 3.655 4.510

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.279 2.216 2.361 2.579 ..

1.486 1.486 1.486 1.534 ..

0.715 0.888 0.923 0.987 ..

2.201 2.374 2.409 2.521 ..

4.480 4.590 4.770 5.100 ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.268 1.456

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.288 0.288

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.296 0.379

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.584 0.667

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.852 2.122

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 825.02 630.09 627.82

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 132.02 180.99 185.13

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 132.02 180.99 185.13

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 957.04 811.08 812.95

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.337 1.554 1.647 1.794 1.794

0.288 0.288 0.288 0.288 0.288

0.309 0.442 0.464 0.500 0.500

0.597 0.730 0.752 0.788 0.788

1.934 2.284 2.399 2.582 2.582

623.43 632.20 632.20 .. ..

186.99 183.27 183.27 .. ..

.. ..

186.99 183.27 183.27 .. ..

810.42 815.47 815.47 .. ..

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 932.74 789.65 746.62

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 269.29 372.01 392.00

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 228.38 220.72 216.34

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 497.67 592.73 608.34

130.42 223.56 351.30 423.90 587.16 .. .. .. 1430.41 1382.38 1354.96

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

726.43 766.82 766.82 .. ..

388.89 395.10 395.10 .. ..

211.91 220.77 220.77 .. ..

600.80 615.87 615.87 .. ..

1327.23 1382.69 1382.69 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 465

ROMANIA Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in New Romanian Lei

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

59.614 79.490 107.493 135.247 156.456 181.108 205.140 222.810 218.970 244.100 239.530

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

240.450 237.490 236.750 204.160 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

0.0794 0.1019 0.1477 0.1880 0.1938 0.2316 .. .. 0.3361 0.3549 0.3553

.. .. -

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.3568 0.3538 0.3538 .. ..

.. ..

0.0151 0.0194 0.0281 0.0357 0.0368 0.0440 .. .. .. ..

0.0151 0.0194 0.0281 0.0357 0.0368 0.0440 .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-Tax price

0.0944 0.1212 0.1758 0.2238 0.2307 0.2756 .. .. 0.3344 0.3549 0.3553

0.0944 0.1212 0.1710 0.2033 0.2507 0.2787 .. .. 0.3344 0.3455 0.3677

.. .. -

0.0179 0.0230 0.0325 0.0386 0.0476 0.0530 .. .. 0.0635 0.0656 0.0699

0.0179 0.0230 0.0325 0.0386 0.0476 0.0530 .. .. 0.0635 0.0656 0.0699

0.1124 0.1442 0.2035 0.2419 0.2984 0.3316 .. .. 0.3979 0.4111 0.4376

0.3568 0.3538 0.3538 .. ..

0.3590 0.3764 0.3764 .. ..

.. ..

0.0682 0.0715 0.0715 .. ..

0.0682 0.0715 0.0715 .. ..

0.4272 0.4479 0.4479 .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

466 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ROMANIA Table 4 - Indices of energy prices Oil products Wholesale 2005 = 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Retail 2005 = 100

Electricity Wholesale 2005 = 100

Natural gas

Retail 2005 = 100

Wholesale 2005 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

Coal Wholesale 2005 = 100

Retail 2005 = 100

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30.2 43.3 52.8 63.7 74.2 100.0 137.5 147.5 187.6 149.9 189.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 49.3 65.2 78.4 87.8 100.0 104.2 103.1 116.0 114.3 136.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32.2 44.4 63.7 70.9 89.8 100.0 105.1 112.9 117.0 119.8 122.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48.5 65.1 71.8 90.1 100.0 104.8 112.6 116.3 119.2 126.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27.8 44.9 53.6 63.7 72.7 100.0 128.1 149.9 169.1 146.2 146.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33.7 46.1 55.3 74.6 100.0 125.3 130.9 155.6 160.1 161.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47.5 60.6 80.4 87.9 95.7 100.0 106.0 117.4 123.6 128.8 130.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45.9 58.2 74.0 88.3 100.0 104.0 109.2 115.2 127.8 133.7

2Q2003 3Q2003 4Q2003

64.1 62.1 64.8

78.2 78.9 79.9

66.7 70.6 78.5

67.7 71.5 79.4

62.4 62.9 65.4

50.3 57.1 65.2

86.5 87.6 92.2

71.0 75.1 80.2

1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004

66.2 68.2 76.5 86.0

83.2 84.2 89.7 94.2

86.4 86.4 93.2 93.2

86.6 86.6 93.5 93.5

65.6 69.4 76.0 79.6

69.0 72.3 75.8 81.3

93.7 97.2 97.2 94.8

85.1 86.2 87.7 94.5

1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005

85.0 95.2 105.1 114.7

93.2 99.9 104.3 102.7

97.4 97.5 102.5 102.5

97.6 97.6 102.5 102.5

85.0 99.8 103.6 111.5

85.0 101.2 106.2 107.6

99.0 101.4 100.2 99.3

98.4 98.7 100.2 102.6

1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

114.0 140.4 147.6 147.9

102.3 105.2 107.8 101.4

104.6 104.7 104.7 106.3

104.4 104.4 104.4 106.0

124.7 127.5 130.4 129.8

120.9 123.2 125.2 132.0

102.9 104.9 107.2 108.9

102.9 102.9 103.7 106.6

1Q2007 2Q2007 3Q2007 4Q2007

141.5 142.4 144.7 161.2

98.1 103.4 104.1 106.7

109.8 113.9 114.0 114.0

109.2 113.8 113.8 113.8

133.1 150.4 155.1 161.0

130.3 129.4 129.6 134.2

114.5 117.7 118.3 118.9

108.2 108.4 109.1 110.9

1Q2008 2Q2008 3Q2008 4Q2008

181.1 198.1 207.1 164.2

112.5 121.0 122.8 107.9

114.0 114.0 120.1 120.1

113.8 113.8 118.9 118.9

167.5 175.7 174.1 159.2

141.5 148.0 165.6 167.3

122.6 122.9 124.0 124.8

112.3 112.9 114.0 121.5

1Q2009 2Q2009 3Q2009 4Q2009

139.8 145.6 153.9 160.4

105.1 113.3 119.2 119.7

120.4 119.8 119.4 119.6

119.2 119.2 119.2 119.2

148.9 142.7 145.3 147.9

167.6 160.8 154.1 157.9

127.9 127.8 129.6 130.0

126.1 127.1 127.6 130.3

1Q2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010

172.5 190.6 192.4 200.6

128.5 135.4 139.6 144.3

124.0 121.8 120.7 122.2

124.2 124.2 129.4 129.4

147.2 147.2 145.6 147.6

157.6 157.0 164.7 167.2

129.5 130.7 130.7 130.6

132.8 132.8 134.0 135.2

1Q2011 2Q2011

219.7 ..

153.5 ..

121.0 ..

129.4 ..

154.4 ..

172.0 ..

130.8 ..

136.5 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ROMANIA

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 467

ROMANIA

Gasoline Specifications

GENERAL NOTES Source: Unless specified otherwise, National Institute for Statistics, Romania.

Premium leaded 96/98 RON gasoline Quality: Super plus Premium unleaded 95 RON gasoline Quality: Euro premium type EN228

COAL

OIL PRODUCTS

Steam coal for households

Heavy fuel oil Delivered consumer prices for offtakes of less than 2 000 tonnes per month or less than 24 000 tonnes per year. Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average.

Prices include VAT and refer to the weighted average price from electricity sales to the urban (57%) and rural (43%) residential sectors. Specifications Quality: GCV:

Specifications

Sorted lignite 5 500 kcal/kg (assumed)

Low sulphur fuel oil Density: Sulphur content:

0.99 t/kl (assumed) ≤ 1%

Source: From 1Q08 onwards, prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Light fuel oil Delivered consumer prices for deliveries of 2 000 to 5 000 litres (for offtakes of less than 2 000 litres the industrial sector may be taken into consideration). Prices shown are the prices most frequently charged, based on a weighted average. Excise tax: As shown in excise tax column. Specifications: Quality:

Heating gas oil

Source: From 1Q08 onwards, prices published in the Weekly Oil Bulletin, DG Energy and Transport, European Commission.

Automotive diesel Prices shown refer to the average of all consumer categories. From 1Q04 onwards, prices refer to Euro Diesel. Specifications Quality: Sulphur content:

Euro Type EN 590 350 mg/kg (maximum)

NATURAL GAS Households and industry From 3Q07 onwards prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Prior to 3Q07, prices shown are average prices for all consumers. Specifications GCV:

9 320 kcal/m3 (assumed)

Sources: From 3Q07 onwards, Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards. Prior to 3Q07, National Institute for Statistics, Romania.

ELECTRICITY From 3Q07 onwards prices refer to the weighted averages of tariffs given by Eurostat consumption bands. Tariffs are weighted by the annual consumption volumes for each band in 2008. Sources: From 3Q07 onwards, Eurostat, Energy Statistics: gas and electricity prices - new methodology from 2007 onwards. Prior to 3Q07, Romanian Electricity and Heat Regulatory Authority (ANRE). INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

468 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ENERGY PRICE INDICES The industrial production price indices refer only to products delivered to domestic market. Wholesale indices exclude VAT. The base year for these indices is 2005. Retail indices include VAT; the base year for these is 2005. Sources: Wholesale: National Institute for Statistics, Romania. Retail: Eurostat Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices (HICP).

Oil products Wholesale: products of class 19.20 “Manufacture of refined petroleum products” (NACE Rev. 2). Retail: Weighted average of HICP, liquid fuels (cp0453) and HICP, fuels and lubricants for personal transport equipment (cp0722).

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ROMANIA

Electricity Wholesale: products of class 35.11 “Production of electric energy” (NACE Rev. 2). Retail: HICP, electricity (cp0451).

Natural gas Wholesale: products of class 06.20 “Extraction of natural gas” (NACE Rev. 2). Retail: HICP, gas (cp0452).

Coal Wholesale: products of class 05 “Mining of coal and lignite” (NACE Rev. 2). Retail: HICP, solid fuels (cp0454).

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 469

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Russian Roubles

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

1722 1622 1994 2246 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 3171 3975 6292 6059 8201 8801 11414

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

10785 11170 12058 12163 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

3.589 4.432 3.978 5.157 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.464 0.519 0.750 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.979 0.899 1.181 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.443 1.418 1.931 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 5.875 5.396 7.088 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.783 7.411 .. .. .. 14.016 16.783 17.254 22.660 18.770 19.480

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

19.020 19.190 21.060 24.240 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

470 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Russian Roubles Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. 4.411 4.893 6.023 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.373 1.538 2.227 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.157 1.286 1.650 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 2.530 2.824 3.877 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 6.941 7.717 9.900 .. 16.461 19.015 20.432 24.040 22.380 24.290

.. 3.835 4.300 5.082 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.373 1.538 2.227 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.042 1.168 1.462 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 2.415 2.706 3.689 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

7.393 6.250 7.006 8.771 .. 15.284 17.722 18.957 22.330 20.350 22.420

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

24.050 24.560 25.060 25.710 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22.150 22.660 23.190 23.770 ..

Regular unleaded (76 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Premium unleaded (92 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. 3.372 3.166 4.309 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.002 1.122 1.626 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.875 0.858 1.187 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 1.877 1.980 2.813 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 5.249 5.146 7.122 .. 13.119 15.119 15.996 19.120 17.600 19.430

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

473.18 605.42 798.82 1063.30 1259.66 1514.00 1690.00 1960.00 2468.00 2706.00 3296.00

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

19.350 19.530 19.870 21.620 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3230.00 3262.00 3306.00 3751.00 ..

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

.. 97.30 124.00 161.60 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price .. 583.90 744.10 969.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price 253.00 316.60 402.25 542.20 651.70 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 471

RUSSIAN FEDERATION Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Russian Roubles

Ex-Tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

206.5 293.3 307.0 307.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 724.3 790.0 866.0 940.0 1039.0 1170.0 1283.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1316.0 1351.0 1308.0 1457.0 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

239.5 349.5 337.0 373.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 2045.5 2629.0 2174.0 2596.0 4619.0 2809.0 5253.0

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5486.0 5473.0 5920.0 6661.0 ..

Ex-Tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

0.3838 0.5105 0.6270 0.7328 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.1021 0.1254 0.1466 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.1021 0.1254 0.1466 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. 0.6126 0.7524 0.8794 0.8700 0.9000 0.9900 0.9800 1.2500 1.5000 1.5100

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.5100 1.5600 1.5400 1.9600 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

472 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Prior to 1995, prices represent deliveries to power stations and exclude VAT.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

From 1990 to 1992, prices represent delivered prices, calculated as refinery price plus transportation costs. Transport costs are calculated according to freight tariff indices, which are published in Vestnik Statistiki.

GENERAL NOTES General tax (VAT): Prior to 1992, there was no VAT in Russia. The Soviet state budget was financed through a turnover tax and through confiscatory income tax on above-norm profits. From

To

%

01.01.92 01.01.93 01.01.94 01.01.95

31.12.92 31.12.93 31.12.94 ..

28 20 23 20

Specifications Density:

For some products and time periods prior to 2004, ex-tax prices refer to average producers’ prices as shipped to the domestic Russian market, excluding value added tax, excises and other taxes not included into the prime cost, as well as excluding costs of transportation to the consumer. See below for details. Sources: Unless otherwise specified, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), which until 2004 was known as the State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics (Goskomstat of Russia).

OIL PRODUCTS Special tax Road user’s Tax To

Prior to 01.01.99 01.01.01

31.12.93 31.12.00 31.12.02

0.84 t/kl (assumed)

Automotive diesel oil for households From 1Q05 onwards, quarterly and yearly data are arithmetic averages of weekly data. Prices prior to 3Q02 were based on the monthly average of “Consumer Prices” for the Moscow region. Sources: Prior to 3Q02, data published in Infotek, Statistics Documents, Fakty, Ministry of Energy.

Automotive diesel oil for industry Prior to 2001, prices refer to end-quarter producer prices. Prior to 1994, prices exclude VAT, but include the road tax. Sources: From 2Q04 onwards, Russian Information Agency of the Fuel and Energy Complex. From 2001 to 1Q04, Ministry of Energy. Prior to 2001, Goskomstat, Department of Foreign States Statistics on International Co-operation.

Gasoline % Refinery/ ex-tax price 25 2.5 1

Heavy fuel oil Specifications Quality:

Prices for industry are equal to the prices of automotive diesel fuel oil, less the amount of Road Tax. Prices for households are equal to the industry prices plus VAT.

Average prices on products, before 1997 inclusive, are presented in thousand roubles. On 1 January 1998, the nominal value of Russian banknotes and the measure of prices were redenominated at a rate of one new rouble being equal to 1000 old roubles.

From

Light fuel oil

From 1Q05 onwards, quarterly and yearly data are arithmetic averages of weekly data. From 1Q01 to 4Q04, quarterly and yearly data are weighted averages of monthly data. Before 1Q01, quarterly prices are for the end of the period and yearly prices are averages of the four quarters. Specifications: Density:

Mazut for fuel

From 2004 onwards, prices refer to the acquisition prices paid by industrial organisations. From 1995 to 2003, prices refer to producer prices for heating purposes for all the economy sectors. Quarterly prices are given to the end of the period. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

0.76 t/kl (assumed)

Unleaded premium 95 RON gasoline Quality: AN-95 Octane: 95 RON and higher Unleaded premium 92 RON gasoline Quality: AN-92 and AN-93 Octane: 92 RON and 93 RON

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 473

Unleaded regular 76 RON gasoline Quality: AN-76 Octane: 76 RON Leaded premium 92 RON gasoline Quality: A-92 and A-93 Octane: 92 RON and 93 RON Leaded regular 76 RON gasoline Quality: A-76 Octane: 76 RON Sources: For unleaded gasoline: from 1Q05 onwards and from 1997 to 2000, Federal State Statistic Service (Rosstat); from 2001 to 2004, Ministry of Energy. For leaded gasoline: prior to 1Q04, Infotek, Statistics Documents, Fakty, Ministry of Energy. From 1998 to 2000, leaded premium gasoline quarterly prices refer to averages of monthly “Consumer Prices” for the Moscow region. Leaded regular gasoline prices refer to end-quarter prices and annual figures are averages of the four quarters. Prior to 1995, leaded gasoline prices refer to road vehicle use only, and represent the average prices for 76 RON and 93 RON gasolines (70% and 30% respectively). The price of 93 RON is 1.3 times higher than 76 RON. From 1Q92 to 4Q94, leaded gasoline prices shown include the road tax, value added tax and gasoline station charges. Prior to 1Q92, the turnover tax is included in the total price shown.

Science. From October 1992 to December 1993, Goskomstat publications. From 1990 to September 1992, Government Decrees.

Electricity generation Prices for natural gas for electricity generation show the maximum regulated price set by the Federal Energy Commission. The Regional Energy Commission may set its own maximum regulated price based on the federal rate. Specification: GCV:

8 974 kcal/m3 (assumed)

Source: Ministry of Energy.

Households The total price paid by household consumers is established by administrators of the Russian regions and covers the regulated wholesale price for household consumers, a transportation tariff and a marketing and sales service fee. In some cases the total price may also cover a utilities or municipal maintenance fee. Source: Gazprom in Figures 2000-2004, Gazprom.

COAL Steam coal for industry

NATURAL GAS Prior to 1995, VAT is excluded from all prices shown except for households.

Industry Average prices are presented in roubles per thousand cubic metres. From 2000 onwards, prices refer to the average prices of gas acquired by industrial organisations. From 1995 to 1999, prices refer to producer prices, including natural gas and associated gas, for all the economy sectors. Quarterly prices are given to the end of the period. Specifications GCV:

9 320 kcal/m3, 0oC and 760 mm pressure (assumed)

Sources: From 1995 onwards, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). For 1993 only, power utilities’ Economic Forecasting Institute of the Russian Academy of

From 2004 onwards, prices refer to the acquisition prices for industrial organisations. From 1995 until 2003, prices are producer prices for both the industry and electricity generating sectors. From 1997 prices refer to hard coal, while prior to 1997 prices referred to both hard coal and brown coal. Quarterly prices refer to end-period prices.

Coking coal for industry From 2004 onwards, prices refer to the acquisition prices for industrial organisations. From 1995 onwards, quarterly prices refer to end-period producer prices. Sources: Data published: Statistical Yearbook of Russia. The following information pertains to data prior to 1994. Coking coal is used mostly in the metallurgy industry. Prices shown are for washed coking coal (coal concentrate). Washed coking coal is more expensive than unwashed coking coal if all costs are included. However, prices paid by steel mills for washed coal do not cover all washing costs. INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

474 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

ELECTRICITY Industry From 2004 onwards, prices refer to the acquisition prices paid by industrial organisations. From 1995 onwards, prices refer to sale prices for industrial organisations (excluding VAT). Sources: From 1995 onwards, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). From 1990 to 1992, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy data. Data published: Statistical Yearbook of Russia. The following information pertains to data prior to 1994.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Prices shown are delivered prices based on the average revenue per unit covering contracts with two-stage tariffs (customers with >750 kW, 1 000 kW prior to 1991), standing charge expressed in RUB/kWh and one-stage tariffs (all customers with less capacity). In the Mosenergo area, 66% of industrial consumption is based on the two-stage tariff; 34% is on the one-stage tariff.

Households Prices refer to the weighted average price from electricity sales to the residential sectors, with urban consumption 57% and rural 43%.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 475

SINGAPORE Table 1 - Average total prices in Singapore Dollars Automotive LPG (per litre) NonCommercial commercial

Heavy fuel oil (per tonne) HSFO

LSFO

Automotive diesel (per litre) NonCommercial commercial

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 0.981 0.956 1.038 1.108 1.141 1.253 1.323 1.540 1.418 1.560

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.573 0.557 0.548 0.604 0.736 0.943 1.088 1.124 1.539 1.150 1.220

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1.540 1.560 1.600 1.680 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

1.220 1.210 1.260 1.420 ..

Prem. unleaded (98 RON)

Gasoline (per litre) Prem. unleaded (95 RON)

Natural gas Reg. unleaded (92 RON)

(per 107 kilocalories GCV) Electricity Industry generation Households

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.980 1.720 1.840

1.400 1.346 1.228 1.260 1.409 1.508 1.601 1.667 1.946 1.657 1.750

1.305 1.274 1.153 1.158 1.311 1.420 1.502 1.562 1.852 1.563 1.690

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

1.850 1.820 1.860 2.000 ..

1.760 1.720 1.770 1.920 ..

1.690 1.660 1.710 1.860 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal industry

Coal (per tonne) Steam coal Steam coal industry elec. gen.

Electricity (per kilowatt hour) Steam coal households

Industry

Households

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

.. .. 0.1206 0.1221 0.1248 0.1331 0.1530 0.1694 0.1996 0.1761 0.2051

.. .. 0.1611 0.1665 0.1680 0.1842 0.2205 0.2160 0.2693 0.2235 0.2507

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

0.2034 0.2043 0.2120 0.2257 ..

0.2508 0.2571 0.2512 0.2565 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

476 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SINGAPORE

Excise tax

SINGAPORE

Petrol > 96 RON

GENERAL NOTES Energy products in Singapore are subject to excise duties and the Goods and Services Tax (GST).

From

To

SGD/litre

01.01.00

12.10.01

13/10/01

27.02.03

28.02.03

now

0.5 or 40% of ex-tax price, whichever was higher 0.44 or 35% of ex-tax price, whichever was higher 0.44

Petrol 90-96 RON

Good and services tax (GST)

From

To

SGD/litre

From

To

%

01.01.00

12.10.01

01.04.94

31.12.02

3

13.10.01

27.02.03

01.01.03

31.12.03

4

01.01.04

30.06.07

5

28.02.03

now

0.47 or 40% of ex-tax price, whichever was higher 0.41 or 35% of ex-tax price, whichever was higher 0.41

01.07.07

now

7

Sources: Unless Singapore.

otherwise

specified,

Statistics

Specifications Grade and octane:

Premium unleaded 98/95 RON Regular unleaded 92 RON

Automotive LPG OIL PRODUCTS The quarterly retail prices of gasoline and diesel are derived from monthly average prices net of regular discounts given to customers by all oil companies in Singapore at all service stations for the reference month. The yearly prices are computed based on monthly average prices.

Pump prices. Excise tax is not levied. Prices in litres have been converted from kilograms using an estimated conversion factor from the IEA secretariat.

NATURAL GAS Prices are under commercial contracts and thus confidential.

Automotive diesel oil COAL

Excise Tax From

To

SGD/litre

01.01.98

now

No longer levied

Specifications

Coal is not used in significant quantities in Singapore.

ELECTRICITY

Grade: Ultra low sulphur diesel.

Gasoline Prior to 3Q09, prices for premium unleaded 95 RON gasoline refer to a premium unleaded 98/95 RON gasoline mix.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

The prices shown refer to total price, including all taxes. These are therefore different to the Singapore electricity ex-tax prices published in other international publications. Source: Energy Market Authority, a statutory board under the Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 477

SOUTH AFRICA Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in South African Rand

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price 1414.6 1461.2 1941.6 1803.1 1688.8 2104.4 2662.5 3018.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

1.837 2.118 2.452 2.171 2.463 3.280 4.362 4.722 7.488 4.724 5.133

0.968 1.005 1.202 1.099 1.222 1.409 1.468 1.530 1.838 1.952 2.230

-

0.968 1.005 1.202 1.099 1.222 1.409 1.468 1.530 1.838 1.952 2.230

2.804 3.123 3.484 3.270 3.685 4.689 5.830 6.251 9.326 6.675 7.363

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.750 7.536 4.744 5.146

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.524 1.837 1.952 2.253

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. -

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.524 1.837 1.952 2.253

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.274 9.373 6.696 7.399

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

5.350 5.111 5.158 5.757 ..

2.287 2.287 2.287 2.317 ..

..

2.287 2.287 2.287 2.317 ..

7.636 7.398 7.444 8.074 ..

5.374 5.072 5.202 6.001 ..

2.317 2.317 2.317 2.317 ..

..

2.317 2.317 2.317 2.317 ..

7.690 7.389 7.519 8.318 ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

478 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SOUTH AFRICA Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in South African Rand

Ex-Tax price

Premium leaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Regular leaded (93 RON) gasoline (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2.247 2.489 2.758 2.600 2.960 3.552 4.158 4.980 6.928 5.194 5.760

1.217 1.209 1.202 1.264 1.384 1.569 1.728 1.690 1.995 2.109 2.380

-

1.217 1.209 1.202 1.264 1.384 1.569 1.728 1.690 1.995 2.109 2.380

3.464 3.698 3.960 3.870 4.340 5.120 5.885 6.670 8.923 7.303 8.140

2.115 2.512 2.828 .. .. .. .. 4.945 6.873 5.130 5.690

1.205 1.218 1.202 .. .. .. .. 1.690 1.991 2.104 2.380

.. .. .. .. -

1.205 1.218 1.202 .. .. .. .. 1.690 1.991 2.104 2.380

3.320 3.730 4.030 .. .. .. .. 6.636 8.864 7.234 8.070

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

6.017 5.604 5.730 6.480 ..

2.437 2.437 2.437 2.467 ..

..

2.437 2.437 2.437 2.467 ..

8.453 8.040 8.167 8.946 ..

5.937 5.554 5.670 6.430 ..

2.437 2.437 2.437 2.467 ..

..

2.437 2.437 2.437 2.467 ..

8.373 7.990 8.107 8.897 ..

Premium unleaded (95 RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2.055 2.402 2.718 2.559 3.021 3.555 4.386 4.980 6.928 5.194 5.760

1.205 1.218 1.202 1.264 1.384 1.569 1.728 1.790 2.095 2.209 2.480

-

1.205 1.218 1.202 1.264 1.384 1.569 1.728 1.790 2.095 2.209 2.480

3.260 3.620 3.920 3.823 4.405 5.120 6.114 6.770 9.023 7.403 8.240

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1645 1832 .. 1935 1686 2059 .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

6.017 5.604 5.730 6.480 ..

2.537 2.537 2.537 2.567 ..

..

2.537 2.537 2.537 2.567 ..

8.553 8.140 8.267 9.046 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

x x x x x x x x x x x

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

x x x x x

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 479

SOUTH AFRICA Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in South African Rand

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price 98.60 115.25 .. 149.09 124.00 134.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price 85.96 98.58 117.63 129.00 127.00 122.00 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Total price 0.1194 0.1156 0.1288 0.1416 0.1397 0.1397 0.1475 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

45.19 50.00 52.34 57.41 54.90 65.72 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

0.2770 0.3090 0.3343 0.3658 0.3870 0.3870 0.4008 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

480 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

SOUTH AFRICA GENERAL NOTES Equalisation fund The Equalisation fund levy is normally a fixed monetary levy, determined by the Minister of Minerals and Energy in concurrence with the Minister of Finance. The levy income is mainly utilised to equalise fuel prices. The levy is currently zero.

BFP (“Slate” mechanism) The BFP is a function of daily spot price and ZAR/USD exchange rate movements. The monthly average of the net effect of these changes determines the actual BFP for the applicable month. Other domestic price elements may also change from time to time. The sum total of these changes inevitably influences the pump price.

SOUTH AFRICA

From

To

ZAR/ litre

05.04.95

02.05.95

0.544

03.05.95

02.04.96

0.554

03.04.96

02.07.96

0.616

03.07.96

04.02.97

0.626

05.02.97

01.04.97

0.636

02.04.97

31.03.98

0.661

01.04.98

04.04.00

0.761

05.04.00

03.04.01

0.791

04.04.01

01.04.03

0.810

02.04.03

06.04.04

0.850

07.04.04

05.04.05

0.950

06.04.05

04.04.06

1.000

05.04.06

03.04.07

1.000

04.04.07

01.04.08

1.050

02.04.08

31.03.09

1.110

01.04.09

06.04.10

1.350

07.04.10

31.03.11

1.525

01.04.11

now

1.625

Gasoline prices are adjusted on the first Wednesday of every month. Prices rise and fall in line with movements in the exchange rate and international product prices. The basic price is calculated on the basis of 100% of spot quoted product prices at three refineries in the Arab Gulf, the Mediterranean area and Singapore.

Special taxes

Source: Unless specified otherwise, Department of Energy (formally Minerals and Energy).

Equalisation fund

Customs and excise tax From

To

01.01.87

now

ZAR/ litre 0.04

From

To

ZAR/ litre

01.07.87

31.03.88

0.057

01.04.88

31.10.88

0.067

01.11.88

16.02.94

0.070

17.02.94

02.04.96

0.080

03.04.96

02.07.96

0.050

03.07.96

04.02.97

0.040

05.02.97

01.04.97

0.030

02.04.97

06.10.98

0.005

Automotive diesel

07.10.98

31.01.00

0.080

02.02.00

31.12.02

0.000

General tax (Fuel tax)

01.01.03

28.02.03

0.100

ZAR/ litre

01.03.03

31.05.03

0.000

01.06.03

30.06.03

0.100

01.07.03

now

0.000

OIL PRODUCTS High sulphur fuel oil Specifications Density: NCV:

From

0.984 t/kl (average) 9 777 kcal/kg

To

01.01.87

31.03.88

0.247

01.04.88

31.08.88

0.180

01.09.88

15.01.89

0.199

Road accident fund (RAF)

16.01.89

30.06.90

0.289

From

To

01.07.90

24.03.91

0.314

ZAR/ litre

25.03.91

22.08.91

0.334

01.09.88

30.06.90

0.021

23.08.91

20.03.92

0.414

01.07.90

31.10.90

0.019

21.03.92

01.04.93

0.474

01.11.90

31.03.92

0.022

02.04.93

04.04.95

0.534

01.04.92

01.04.93

0.038

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

SOUTH AFRICA

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 481

From

To

ZAR/ litre

From

To

ZAR/ litre

02.04.93

06.08.96

0.058

07.08.96

04.11.97

0.068

05.11.97

03.02.98

0.088

01.04.09 07.04.10 01.04.11

06.04.10 31.03.11 now

1.500 1.675 1.775

04.02.98

03.07.01

0.103

04.07.01

02.04.02

0.165

03.04.02

01.04.03

0.185

02.04.03

06.04.04

0.215

07.04.04

05.04.05

0.265

06.04.05

04.04.06

0.315

05.04.06

03.04.07

0.365

04.04.07

01.04.08

0.415

02.04.08

31.03.09

0.465

01.04.09

06.04.10

0.640

07.04.10

31.03.11

0.720

01.04.11

now

0.800

Specifications Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

0.839 t/kl (average) 3% 10 302 kcal/kg

Special taxes Customs and excise tax All grades From

To

01.01.87

now

ZAR/ litre 0.04

Equalisation fund All grades From

To

ZAR/ litre

01.04.88

31.08.88

0.067

01.09.88

16.02.94

0.070

17.02.94

17.06.94

0.130

18.06.94

02.04.96

0.094

Gasoline

03.04.96

02.07.96

0.064

General tax (Fuel tax)

03.07.96

04.02.97

0.054

05.02.97

01.04.97

0.044

02.04.97

06.10.98

0.004

07.10.98

31.01.00

0.080

02.02.00

31.12.02

0.000

01.01.03

28.02.03

0.002

01.03.03

31.05.03

0.000

01.06.03

30.06.03

0.100

01.07.03

now

0.000

93 & 95 Unleaded and leaded From 01.01.87 01.04.88 01.09.88 16.01.89 25.03.91 23.08.91 21.03.92 02.04.93 05.04.95 03.05.95 03.04.96 03.07.96 07.08.97 05.02.97 02.04.97 01.04.98 07.04.99 05.04.00 04.04.01 01.04.03 01.04.04 01.04.05 01.04.07 02.04.08

To 31.03.88 31.08.88 15.01.89 24.03.91 22.08.91 20.03.92 01.04.93 04.04.95 02.05.95 02.04.96 02.07.96 06.08.96 04.02.97 01.04.97 31.03.98 06.04.99 04.04.00 03.04.01 31.03.03 31.03.04 31.03.05 31.03.07 01.04.08 31.03.09

ZAR/ litre 0.235 0.225 0.229 0.310 0.369 0.469 0.549 0.609 0.619 0.629 0.691 0.701 0.716 0.726 0.766 0.866 0.906 0.956 0.980 1.010 1.110 1.160 1.210 1.270

Road accident fund (RAF) All grades From

To

ZAR/ litre

01.07.90

11.11.90

0.034

12.11.90

31.03.92

0.040

01.04.92

01.04.93

0.060

02.04.93

06.08.96

0.090

07.08.96

04.11.97

0.105

05.11.97

03.02.98

0.125

04.02.98

03.04.01

0.145

04.04.01

02.04.02

0.165

03.04.02

01.04.03

0.185

02.04.03

06.04.04

0.215

07.04.04

05.04.05

0.265

06.04.05

04.04.06

0.315

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

482 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

From

To

ZAR/ litre

05.04.06

03.04.07

0.465

04.04.07

01.04.08

0.415

02.04.08

31.03.09

0.465

01.04.09

06.04.10

0.640

07.04.10

31.03.11

0.720

01.04.11

now

0.800

Specifications Grade/octane:

Density: NCV:

Prem. leaded 95 RON Regular leaded 93 RON Premium unleaded 95 RON 0.723 t/kl (average) 10 730 kcal/kg

NATURAL GAS

SOUTH AFRICA

Specifications Quality: NCV:

Bituminous coal 5 804 kcal/kg

Steam coal for electricity generation Price shown is weighted average cost of coal consumed by ESKOM for electricity generation. Specifications Quality: NCV:

Low-grade bituminous coal 4 801 kcal/kg

Steam coal for households Price shown is the local coal price of bituminous coal sold to merchant/domestic customers.

ELECTRICITY

Specifications Quality:

Sasol gas tariff A

COAL

Industry Prices shown are for direct sales by Eskom to industry.

Households Steam coal for industry Price shown is the local coal price sold to industries.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Prices do not include VAT and refer to direct sales by Eskom for domestic use and street lighting.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 483

THAILAND Table 1 - Average prices and taxes in Thai Baht

Ex-tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

8241 8350 8383 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Ex-tax price

High sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

329 372 380 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

600 611 613 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

929 983 993 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9170 9333 9376 10614 11136 15588 17864 19057 23652 20481 22764

8643 8828 8971 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

22740 22399 22943 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Light fuel oil for industry (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Low sulphur fuel oil for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax 353 396 398 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

630 646 653 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Total price

983 1042 1051 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

9626 9870 10022 11247 11952 16352 18710 19986 25104 21874 24369

.. .. .. .. ..

24341 23983 24579 .. ..

Light fuel oil for households (per 1000 litres) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

10904 11332 11171 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3361 3291 3361 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

999 1024 1017 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4360 4315 4378 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

15264 15647 15549 16688 18890 24510 28421 28938 38338 37208 37509

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

37507 37480 37670 .. ..

Automotive diesel for commercial use (per litre) Ex-tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

Automotive diesel for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

9.55 10.04 9.75 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.54 2.54 2.54 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.84 0.88 0.86 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3.38 3.42 3.40 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12.94 13.46 13.15 14.04 14.59 20.03 25.59 25.66 31.26 24.77 28.69

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

28.98 28.20 29.26 29.99 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

484 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

THAILAND Table 2 - Average prices and taxes in Thai Baht Premium unleaded (97/95RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

9.545 10.506 10.251 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Regular unleaded (91RON) gasoline (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

4.054 4.054 4.054 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1.020 1.019 0.987 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.074 5.073 5.041 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.619 15.579 15.292 16.617 18.720 23.900 27.580 29.180 35.330 37.470 41.260

9.646 9.562 9.316 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4.054 4.054 4.054 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.957 0.953 0.936 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.011 5.007 4.990 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

14.657 14.569 14.306 15.667 17.930 23.100 26.790 28.320 33.430 31.340 36.100

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

41.600 40.270 41.540 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

36.470 35.110 36.330 40.540 ..

Automotive LPG for non-commercial use (per litre) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total Total price tax tax price

Ex-Tax price

Natural gas for industry (per litre) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

5.710 6.480 7.460 8.050 8.910 9.090 9.090 9.140 9.790 9.790 9.790

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

4600 5290 5060 5660 5320 6910 8240 7940 10220 9930 9250

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

9.790 9.790 9.790 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Natural gas for households (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Natural gas for electricity generation (per 107 kilocalories GCV) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 485

THAILAND Table 3 - Average prices and taxes in Thai Baht

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Steam coal for electricity generation (per tonne) Ex-Tax Excise VAT Total price tax tax

Total price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

1210 1512 1348 1304 1619 1789 1676 1884 2293 2262 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Coking coal for industry (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Steam coal for households (per tonne) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Electricity for households (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

Electricity for industry (per kilowatt hour) Excise VAT Total tax tax

Total price

Ex-Tax price

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.28 2.48 2.47 2.50 2.55 2.64 2.95 2.53 2.52 2.62 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.40 2.65 2.73 2.67 2.81 2.91 3.21 3.14 3.13 3.38 ..

2Q2010 3Q2010 4Q2010 1Q2011 2Q2011

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

486 - ENERGY PRICES AND TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

THAILAND

Where available, prices shown are quarterly averages of weekly retail prices in Bangkok. When not available, prices are the quarterly average of monthly reference prices. Excise tax: See excise tax column for amount. The excise tax shown consists of the ex-refinery excise and municipal taxes. Special taxes

Sources: From 3Q98 onwards, Energy Information Division, Energy Policy and Planning Bureau, Ministry of Energy. Prior to 2Q98, annual prices from Oil and Thailand, annual report.

High sulphur fuel oil Fuel oil type 2 1 500 0.990 t/kl > 2.0% 9 405 kcal/l

Low sulphur fuel oil Fuel oil type 1 600 0.985 t/kl < 2% 9 405 kcal/l

Light fuel oil for households Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

High speed diesel, HSD 0.87 t/kl 0.05% 8 700 kcal/l

Gasoline Specifications (all grades) Lead content: 0.013 g/l Sulphur content: 0.1% Density: 0.72 t/kl NCV: 0.752 t/kl

NATURAL GAS

Municipal tax: The municipal tax is levied at approximately 10% of the excise revenue. Amounts are included with the excise tax.

Specifications Quality: Viscosity: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

Automotive diesel oil for commercial use Specifications Quality: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

OIL PRODUCTS

Specifications Quality: Viscosity: Density: Sulphur content: NCV:

THAILAND

Kerosene 0.84 t/kl 0.2% 8 250 kcal/l

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Prices refer to the average import price for natural gas. Specifications NCV:

8 617 kcal/m3

Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Department of Energy Promotion and Development, Thailand Energy Situation.

COAL Steam coal for industry Prices refer to the average import price for bituminous, anthracite, coke, briquettes, and other coal. Prior to 1993, prices shown are end-use prices. Sources: From 1994 onwards, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Department of Energy Promotion and Development, published in Thailand Energy Situation. Prior to 1993, Energy Indicators of Developing Member Countries, Asian Development Bank. Specifications NCV:

6 242 kcal/kg

ELECTRICITY Prices shown are the average unit price of electricity sold within and outside the MEA (Metropolitan Electricity Authority). Source: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Department of Energy Promotion and Development, Electric Power in Thailand 2009.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 487

B. ENERGY END-USE PRICES IN USD

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

488 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

GENERAL NOTES ON SOURCES AND METHODS

EXCHANGE RATES Cyprus, Malta: the Euro rate comes from the OECD Main Economic Indicators. People’s Republic of China, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Romania, South Africa: Yearly averages of the principal exchange rate published in International Financial Statistics, International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., May 2011 edition. Chinese Taipei: From 2002 onwards, inter-bank spot market closing rates, Central Bank of China. Prior to 2002, exchange rates published in the Economic Outlook, OECD, Paris. Argentina, Barbados, Colombia, Grenada, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Panama, Russian Federation, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela: Yearly averages of the official rate published in International Financial Statistics, International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., May 2011 edition. Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Peru, Singapore, Suriname, Uruguay: Yearly averages of the market exchange rate published in International Financial Statistics, International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., May 2011 edition.

OLADE The end-use prices for Latin American countries were extracted in June 2011 from the OLADE EnergyEconomic Information System of Latin America and the Caribbean (SIEE database), developed in co-operation with the European Commission. This database contains historical information on prices, reserves, energy supply/ demand, energy installations, general economic statistics, environmental statistics and indicators for Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad/Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. End-use prices in both USD and national currencies are given on a monthly basis since 1988 and on an annual basis since

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1970. In addition, some forecasted series are also available. For more information see www.olade.org.ec.

Oil products Heavy fuel oil Original prices are in USD/litre. They have been converted to USD/tonne using the following assumed densities: Argentina Colombia Nicaragua Venezuela All other countries

0.98 t/kl 0.986 t/kl 0.987 t/kl 1.034 t/kl 0.96 t/kl

Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for fuel oil. Light fuel oil Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for diesel oil. Diesel oil corresponds to the ASTM’s specification fuel oil #2 or gas oil. Households: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for kerosene. Automotive diesel oil Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for diesel oil. Premium unleaded gasoline Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for premium gasoline. Regular unleaded gasoline Regular unleaded is the most widely consumed gasoline in the region. For some countries, this includes alcohol. Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for regular gasoline.

Natural gas Prices were converted from 1000 m3 into 107 kcal using conversion factors provided by OLADE. Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for natural gas for industry. Households: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for natural gas for residential.

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 489

Coal

Electricity

Steam coal

Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for electricity for industry.

Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for thermal coal. Coking coal Industry: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for coking coal.

Households: Prices refer to the simple average of the domestic monthly reference prices with tax for electricity for residential.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

490 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 1 USD exchange rates in national currencies

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Bulgaria

2.123

2.185

2.077

1.733

1.580

1.574

1.563

1.430

1.337

1.410

1.490

P.R. of China

8.279

8.277

8.277

8.277

8.277

8.193

7.973

7.610

6.950

6.830

6.807

Chinese Taipei

31.23

33.80

34.58

34.42

33.42

32.17

32.53

32.84

31.52

33.05

31.67

Croatia

8.280

8.340

7.870

6.700

6.030

5.950

5.840

5.360

4.935

5.280

5.525

Cyprus

1.061

1.098

1.040

0.883

0.798

0.793

0.785

0.732

0.684

0.720

0.754

Ghana

0.545

0.716

0.792

0.867

0.900

0.906

0.916

0.935

1.058

1.409

1.431

India

44.94

47.19

48.61

46.58

45.32

44.10

45.31

41.35

43.51

48.41

46.01

Indonesia

8422

10261

9311

8577

8939

9705

9159

9141

9699

10390

9149

Kazakhstan

142.1

146.7

153.3

149.6

136.0

132.9

126.1

122.6

120.3

147.5

147.3

0

Latvia

0.607

0.628

0.618

0.571

0.540

0.566

0.561

0.510

0.481

0.510

0.535

Lithuania

4.000

4.000

3.677

3.061

2.780

2.774

2.753

2.520

2.357

2.480

2.628

Malta

1.019

1.048

1.008

0.878

0.800

0.805

0.795

0.736

0.684

0.720

0.754

Romania

2.171

2.906

3.306

3.320

3.264

2.914

2.810

2.440

2.519

3.050

3.186

Russian Federation

28.13

29.17

31.35

30.69

28.81

28.28

27.19

25.58

24.85

31.74

30.25

Singapore

1.720

1.790

1.790

1.740

1.690

1.664

1.590

1.510

1.415

1.450

1.384

South Africa

6.940

8.609

10.54

7.565

6.460

6.359

6.770

7.050

8.260

8.470

7.458

Thailand

40.11

44.43

42.96

41.48

40.22

40.22

37.88

34.52

33.31

34.29

32.26

Source: International Monetary Fund. For exceptions, see General note on sources and methods.

Table 1 (cont.) USD exchange rates in national currencies

2008

2009

2008

2009 204.0

Argentina

3.144

3.710

Guyana

203.6

Barbados

2.000

2.000

Haiti

39.11

41.20

Bolivia

7.238

7.020

Honduras

18.90

18.90

Brazil

1.834

1.999

Jamaica

72.76

87.89

Colombia

1968

2167

Nicaragua

19.37

20.34

Costa Rica

526.2

573.3

Panama

1.000

1.000

Cuba

1.000

1.000

Paraguay

4363

4965

Dominican Republic

34.62

36.03

Peru

2.924

3.012

Ecuador

25000

25000

Suriname

2.745

2.745

El Salvador

8.750

8.750

Trinidad and Tobago

6.289

6.325

Grenada

2.700

2.700

Uruguay

20.95

22.57

Guatemala

7.560

8.162

Venezuela

2.147

2.147

Source: International Monetary Fund. For exceptions, see General note on sources and methods.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 491

Table 2 Heavy fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne

Bulgaria P.R. of China Chinese Taipei

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 202.43

.. 203.58

.. 218.45

.. 243.78

.. 258.93

.. 288.50

.. 434.59

.. 550.31

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

410.46

495.56

576.24

842.02

..

334.48

430.03

475.69

602.28

401.28

499.27

404.64

567.69

India

236.57

..

.. 559.69

..

..

..

.. 402.70

..

199.10

..

2010 564.19

Cyprus

201.28

..

2009 445.01

Croatia Ghana

..

.. 359.68

2008 576.25

..

280.96

207.12

233.28

301.25

294.83

329.62

496.11

510.85

665.27

Indonesia

44.47

125.51

161.06

186.89

183.27

292.61

398.54

449.24

592.90

Kazakhstan

75.24

73.85

62.49

68.07

98.22

126.32

169.91

171.31

303.61

192.33

..

.. ..

.. 263.39

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

199.11

201.10

223.27

236.82

223.27

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

237.95

300.83

366.66

489.40

376.59

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

278.73

436.65

454.05

534.79

546.58

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

694.40

489.58

617.21

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

329.98

277.28

377.29

Singapore

..

..

..

..

110.07

.. 140.54

..

..

.. 231.41

.. 236.86

..

..

South Africa

203.84

169.73

184.20

238.36

261.42

330.94

393.28

428.13

Thailand

228.61

210.05

218.25

255.86

276.87

387.55

471.57

552.06

..

..

..

..

709.99

597.29

.. 475.33 ..

.. .. 705.73

Source: IEA. *High sulphur fuel oil for all the countries, except for Chinese Taipei and Romania which show low sulphur fuel oil.

Table 2 (cont.) Heavy fuel oil prices for industry in USD/tonne

Argentina

2008

2009

568.66

580.26

2008

2009

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

Colombia

592.93

Costa Rica

655.16

.. 429.90

Nicaragua Panama

849.51 .. 617.07 ..

650.66 .. .. ..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

..

..

Ecuador

..

Suriname

..

..

El Salvador

203.49 ..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

663.59 ..

517.84 ..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

492 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 3 Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne

0 Bulgaria

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Croatia Cyprus Ghana India Indonesia

.. 141.31

.. 124.71

..

..

.. 135.14 ..

.. 168.92 ..

..

..

166.79

230.15

..

..

.. 304.55 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

280.96

207.12

233.28

301.25

294.83

329.62

496.11

510.85

665.27

404.64

63.17

80.92

145.78

202.39

201.13

274.05

545.68

551.67

842.11

515.71

.. 567.69 ..

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Source: IEA.

Table 3 (cont.) Heavy fuel oil prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

Brazil

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

Colombia

..

..

Panama

..

..

Costa Rica

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Peru

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Suriname

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Venezuela

Guatemala

..

..

0

Guyana

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

..

0.00

0.00

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 493

Table 4 Light fuel oil prices for industry in USD/1000 litres

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China Chinese Taipei

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. 262.32

.. 228.64

.. 218.97

.. 239.45

.. 251.70

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana India Indonesia Kazakhstan

.. 301.01

.. 348.96

..

..

.. 280.07 .. 780.36

..

..

.. 347.85

.. 425.62

.. 867.61

..

2008 1294.54 .. 552.79 ..

929.36 1100.77

..

..

..

308.47

462.11

459.25

593.87

658.37

742.25

806.32

33.24

163.06

188.84

223.37

229.34

398.59

590.47

631.59

862.56

139.10

181.16

140.84

140.97

173.05

225.14

378.24

432.07

655.59

2009

2010

939.39 1067.80 .. 426.16 .. 740.80 .. 719.31 .. 408.06

.. 573.36 .. 880.68 .. 749.34 .. 438.43

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

580.48

648.91

726.06 1014.72

619.73

767.50

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

504.23

574.36

640.68

902.38

568.93

687.56

529.00

736.46

789.29 1148.59

731.69

787.79

902.02

961.69

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1108.63

Source: IEA.

Table 4 (cont.) Light fuel oil prices for industry in USD/1000 litres

2008

2009

Argentina

628.8

460.8

Barbados

1095.2

890.3

Bolivia

529.8

Brazil

1119.3

Colombia Costa Rica

.. 1035.2

2008

2009

Guyana

939.3

..

Haiti

777.6

Honduras

963.4

Jamaica

.. 1096.6

810.7

688.4

Nicaragua

773.1

Panama

607.6

533.6

1046.0

860.0

..

..

Paraguay

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

996.0

..

Suriname

939.6

El Salvador Grenada Guatemala

..

1140.3

Cuba Ecuador

.. 701.6

265.5 .. 1646.1 ..

.. 993.6 ..

Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela

240.3 1481.4 46.7

..

.. 899.3 .. 1167.5 ..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

494 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 5 Light fuel oil prices for households in USD/1000 litres

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Bulgaria

0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Croatia Cyprus

318.84

376.50

..

..

344.35 ..

..

2010

700.84

804.79

..

897.41

997.75 1068.76 1265.88

869.40 1181.35

773.86

851.92 1012.78

921.01

..

243.15

273.00

555.79

693.39

793.83

990.12

565.75

635.91

India

230.30

160.43

185.32

198.80

204.33

210.23

199.70

218.80

208.93

187.98

201.46

35.33

36.76

42.96

213.60

201.37

243.52

218.36

218.79

236.28

240.62

199.30

200.05

149.89

181.51

262.35

363.27

421.18

480.59

691.64

448.59

Kazakhstan

448.67

545.61

2009

Ghana Indonesia

..

413.43

2008

1553.45 1127.27 1281.36

.. 479.15

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

684.97

765.71

856.75 1197.37

749.87

928.67

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

594.99

677.75

756.01 1064.81

680.58

831.95

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

529.00

736.46

789.29 1148.59

897.34

929.59

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa Thailand

.. 380.54

.. 352.16

.. 361.94

.. 402.28

..

.. 469.67

.. 609.37

..

..

.. 750.23

1319.27 1073.40 1168.46

838.31 1150.84 1085.11 1162.86

Source: IEA.

Table 5 (cont.) Kerosene prices for households in USD/1000 litres

Argentina

2008

2009

647.4

722.0

2008

2009 ..

Guyana

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

Colombia

1059.7

454.6

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

1077.9

683.8

Panama

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

Ecuador

247.4

720.3 .. 1126.8 .. .. 1134.2

..

Suriname

..

El Salvador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

1100.0 ..

.. 529.9 .. .. .. .. 940.6 .. .. 873.7 ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 495

Table 6 Automotive diesel oil prices for commercial use in USD/litre

0 Bulgaria

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.321

0.964

1.071

P.R. of China

0.330

0.299

0.302

0.335

0.402

0.483

0.576

0.621

0.788

0.774

0.895

Chinese Taipei

0.445

0.410

0.398

0.443

0.503

0.604

0.704

0.762

0.855

0.720

0.821

Croatia

0.333

0.361

0.325

0.382

0.511

0.676

0.721

0.791

0.839

0.568

0.682

0.903

0.980

1.070

1.379

1.007

1.160

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

0.396

0.438

0.434

0.599

0.605

0.744

0.829

0.845

0.829

0.712

0.867

Indonesia

0.061

0.169

0.193

0.229

0.235

0.412

0.635

0.669

0.897

0.632

0.806

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

0.840

0.916

1.046

1.354

1.049

1.166

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

0.869

0.944

1.019

1.355

1.034

1.104

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

0.924

1.049

1.092

1.387

1.132

1.175

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.344

0.988

1.139

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.201 ..

0.172 ..

0.231 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa

0.404

0.363

0.331

0.432

0.570

0.737

0.861

0.887

1.129

0.788

0.987

Thailand

0.322

0.303

0.306

0.339

0.363

0.498

0.676

0.743

0.938

0.722

0.889

Source: IEA.

Table 6 (cont.) Automotive diesel oil prices for commercial use in USD/litre

2008

2009

2008

2009 ..

Argentina

0.629

0.461

Guyana

0.939

Barbados

1.095

0.890

Haiti

0.778

Bolivia

0.530

Honduras

0.963

Brazil

1.119

1.035

Jamaica

Colombia

0.811

0.688

Nicaragua

1.097

Costa Rica

1.140

0.773

Panama

0.608

0.534 0.860

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

1.046

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

0.996

..

Suriname

0.940

Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala

0.266 .. 1.646 ..

.. 0.994 ..

Trinidad and Tobago

0.240

Uruguay

1.481

Venezuela

0.047

.. 0.702 .. ..

.. 0.899 .. 1.167 ..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

496 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 7 Automotive diesel oil prices for non-commercial use in USD/litre

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.585

1.157

1.286

0.318

0.317

0.350

0.389

0.447

0.556

0.640

0.832

0.852

0.965

Chinese Taipei

0.445

0.410

0.398

0.443

0.503

0.604

0.704

0.762

0.855

0.720

0.821

Croatia

0.577

0.624

0.659

0.782

0.977

1.424

Cyprus Ghana India Indonesia

..

.. 0.243

.. 0.273

.. 0.067

.. 0.074

.. .. .. 0.097

.. 0.449 .. 0.197

1.139

1.217

1.356

1.722

1.286

..

1.038

1.126

1.230

1.586

1.158

1.334

..

0.677

0.829

0.898

1.058

0.730

0.825

.. 0.185

.. 0.272

.. 0.513

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.992

1.082

1.234

1.598

1.270

1.411

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

1.025

1.113

1.202

1.599

1.237

1.336

..

1.091

1.238

1.288

1.636

1.335

1.386

1.041

1.171

1.291

1.600

1.176

1.384

0.496

0.617

0.674

0.912

0.591

0.644

0.567

0.684

0.744

1.088

0.793

0.882

0.890

1.135

0.791

0.992

..

.. 0.455

Russian Federation

0.206

0.254

Singapore

0.333

0.311

.. 0.481 .. 0.306

.. 0.568 .. 0.347

0.756 .. 0.435

South Africa

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

..

0.390

..

.. 0.462

Latvia

Romania

..

.. 0.470

Kazakhstan

Malta

..

.. 0.469

..

..

..

Source: IEA.

Table 7 (cont.) Automotive diesel oil prices for non-commercial use in USD/litre

2008

2009

2008

2009 ..

Argentina

0.629

0.461

Guyana

0.939

Barbados

1.095

0.890

Haiti

0.778

Bolivia

0.530

Honduras

0.963

Brazil

1.119

1.035

Jamaica

Colombia

0.811

0.688

Nicaragua

1.097

Costa Rica

1.140

0.773

Panama

0.608

0.534 0.860

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

1.046

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

0.996

..

Suriname

0.940

Ecuador

0.266

El Salvador Grenada

.. 1.646

Guatemala Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

.. 0.994 ..

Trinidad and Tobago

0.240

Uruguay

1.481

Venezuela

0.047

.. 0.702 .. ..

.. 0.899 .. 1.167 ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 497

Table 8 Premium leaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

0 Bulgaria

2000 ..

P.R. of China

0.317

Chinese Taipei

x

2001 .. 0.316 x

2002 .. 0.313 x

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

Croatia

0.766

0.845

0.892

1.051

1.250

Cyprus

0.629

0.625

0.687

0.743

0.837

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

1.274

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Indonesia

0.123

0.126

0.180

0.211

0.202

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

Romania

0.526

Russian Federation

0.247

Singapore

..

South Africa

0.499

Thailand

..

.. 0.524

.. 0.626

2010

.. 0.757

.. 0.869

0.291 .. 1.027 ..

0.491 .. 1.137 ..

1.232

1.462

1.122

1.228

0.492

0.548

0.481

.. ..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

.. 1.520

.. 1.652

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.430 ..

0.376 ..

0.512 ..

0.672 ..

0.805 ..

0.869 ..

0.946

1.080

0.862

1.091

..

..

..

..

Source: IEA.

Table 9 Regular leaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Bulgaria

Cyprus Ghana India Indonesia Kazakhstan

0.598 .. 0.648 .. 0.279

0.602 .. 0.674 .. 0.279

0.663 .. 0.662 .. 0.236

0.626 .. 0.274

.. 0.357

.. 0.410

.. 0.490

.. 0.573

.. 0.570

.. 0.352

.. ..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

Romania

0.481

Russian Federation

0.126

Singapore

..

South Africa

0.478

Thailand

0.355

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.433 ..

0.382 ..

0.941 ..

1.073 ..

0.854 ..

1.082 ..

Source: IEA.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

498 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 10 Premium unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

0 Bulgaria

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.482

1.220

1.338

P.R. of China

0.349

0.437

0.489

Chinese Taipei

0.606

0.564

..

0.540

..

0.591

0.669

0.752

0.828

0.862

0.956

0.823

0.961

Croatia

0.696

0.758

0.813

0.961

1.151

1.244

1.307

1.440

1.718

1.388

1.518

Cyprus

0.598

0.596

0.657

0.686

0.837

1.067

1.171

1.292

1.500

1.222

1.378

Ghana

0.261

0.326

0.756

0.890

0.957

1.028

0.714

0.817

..

..

0.513

..

..

..

Indonesia

..

..

..

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

1.001

1.087

1.250

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

1.030

1.130

..

1.174 1.111 0.540

..

..

..

0.268

..

Romania

0.516

0.522

0.612

0.732

Russian Federation

0.263

0.214

0.223

0.286

.. 0.277

0.833 ..

..

..

India

Malta

..

..

..

0.467 ..

.. 0.599

.. 0.655

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.862

0.585

0.713

0.845

0.624

0.680

1.494

1.323

1.440

1.233

1.506

1.420

1.544

1.391

1.413

1.655

1.558

1.586

1.192

1.348

1.478

1.198

1.416

0.652

0.741

0.898

0.641

0.741

..

..

Singapore

0.814

0.752

0.686

0.724

0.834

0.906

1.007

1.104

1.375

1.143

1.265

South Africa

0.470

0.420

0.372

0.505

0.682

0.805

0.903

0.960

1.092

0.874

1.105

Thailand

0.364

0.351

0.356

0.401

0.465

0.594

0.728

0.845

1.061

1.093

1.279

Source: IEA.

Table 10 (cont.) Premium unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

Argentina

2008

2009

0.969

0.969

Barbados Bolivia

.. 0.682

Brazil

..

2008 Guyana

..

..

..

Haiti

..

..

..

Honduras

..

Jamaica

1.064 ..

Colombia

1.275

1.019

Nicaragua

1.152

Costa Rica

1.203

0.891

Panama

0.594

Cuba

1.341

Dominican Republic Ecuador

.. 0.445

.. .. 0.610

Paraguay

1.571

1.299

..

Peru

1.533

1.147 0.811

Suriname

1.330

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

0.479

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

1.507

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

0.847

..

El Salvador

Source: OLADE.

2009

0.512

..

.. 1.204 ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 499

Table 11 Regular unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Bulgaria

0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

Chinese Taipei

0.566

2010 ..

0.322

0.321

0.351

0.390

0.450

0.558

0.605

0.821

0.865

0.980

0.532

0.510

0.571

0.650

0.730

0.807

0.845

0.934

0.802

0.939

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

..

0.672

0.633

0.828

0.857

Indonesia

..

0.161

0.176

0.211

0.202

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

0.980

..

1.085

1.171

..

..

..

..

..

..

1.161 .. 0.634

0.920 .. 0.390

..

1.134 .. 0.447

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

Singapore

0.759

South Africa

0.460

Thailand

0.365

0.180

0.164

0.232

0.712

0.644

0.665

.. 0.328

.. 0.333

.. 0.378

.. 0.776

0.464

0.556

0.625

0.769

0.555

0.642

0.853

0.944

1.034

1.309

1.078

1.221

.. 0.446

.. 0.574

..

..

0.707

0.820

.. 1.004

.. 0.914

.. 1.119

Source: IEA.

Table 11 (cont.) Regular unleaded gasoline prices in USD/litre

2008

2009

2008

2009 ..

Argentina

0.675

0.863

Guyana

0.925

Barbados

1.106

0.940

Haiti

1.306

Bolivia

0.533

Honduras

0.959

Brazil

1.391

1.276

Jamaica

..

..

Colombia

0.962

0.823

Nicaragua

1.119

Costa Rica

1.177

0.865

Panama

0.542

Cuba

1.080

Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala

.. 0.347 .. 1.566 ..

.. 0.795 .. .. 0.565

..

Paraguay

1.194

0.945

..

Peru

1.077

0.851

0.383 .. 0.931 ..

Suriname

..

Trinidad and Tobago

0.387

Uruguay

1.486

Venezuela

0.026

0.793 .. 1.199 ..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

500 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 12 Natural gas prices for industry in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2008

2009

2010

381.21

396.63

381.68

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

296.43

288.46

271.60

302.11

336.86

387.39

413.79

475.57

648.52

525.55

600.92

Croatia

190.28

235.45

281.43

330.58

386.24

391.43

400.76

436.65

388.73

419.99

520.39

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

..

Indonesia

44.90

Kazakhstan

30.61

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

34.26

30.85

34.38

45.27

47.57

62.42

67.22

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation Singapore

16.82

20.76

..

..

South Africa

237.06

212.85

Thailand

114.68

119.06

25.48 .. .. 117.78

34.64 ..

43.72

53.53

..

..

255.79

260.99

323.81

136.44

132.27

171.80

62.16

76.62

74.46 .. 574.52 ..

76.07 .. 392.42 ..

74.37 .. 460.26 ..

379.95

265.93

255.18

99.30

85.26

108.95

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

217.51

230.01

306.78

289.59

286.77

Source: IEA.

Table 12 (cont.) Natural gas prices for industry in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

..

Nicaragua

..

.. ..

Colombia

466.56

Costa Rica

..

..

Panama

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Suriname

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 501

Table 13 Natural gas prices for electricity generation in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Bulgaria

0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

245.03

244.55

252.10

258.58

281.05

326.35

348.54

400.77

549.49

468.09

.. 540.36

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

..

Indonesia

93.70

.. 92.04

.. 91.40

.. 91.00

.. 86.14

.. 94.51

.. 95.64

.. 93.04

.. 108.78

.. 132.47

..

.. ..

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

Singapore

..

20.02 ..

23.74 ..

31.59 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Source: IEA.

Table 13 (cont.) Natural gas prices for electricity generation in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

2008 ..

2009 ..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

Chile

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

Colombia

..

..

Panama

..

..

Costa Rica

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Peru

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Suriname

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

502 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 14 Natural gas prices for households in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

2008

2009

2010

634.94

662.45

608.74

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

395.83

372.30

253.15

278.63

310.33

360.27

385.75

435.65

599.35

509.71

584.54

Croatia

199.93

235.45

281.43

332.28

386.24

391.43

400.76

436.65

474.25

510.79

585.45

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

..

Indonesia

14.61

Kazakhstan

44.92

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

46.80

48.58

52.29

55.76

58.30

66.71

73.64

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta Romania Russian Federation Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

60.08

76.93

106.28

127.68

179.91

8.99

10.85

12.83

17.67

22.62

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

82.68 .. 665.85 .. 567.88

73.84 .. 752.11 .. 453.24

77.50 .. 709.27 .. 425.32

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Source: IEA.

Table 14 (cont.) Natural gas prices for households in USD/107 kcal (GCV basis)

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

..

Panama

..

..

Colombia

437.81

Costa Rica

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Suriname

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 503

Table 15 Steam coal prices for industry in USD/tonne

0 Bulgaria

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

27.28

Chinese Taipei

73.82

27.15

30.40

32.14

43.17

..

..

..

..

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

76.81 ..

67.29 ..

86.38 ..

128.87 ..

103.79 ..

.. ..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

24.38

25.25

28.57

30.56

33.58

36.67

35.70

39.32

41.50

37.38

..

Indonesia

16.07

17.12

20.76

23.68

22.71

22.81

32.26

32.61

44.38

62.01

..

10.65

11.20

13.75

12.24

Kazakhstan

7.72

8.83

7.97

6.80

8.45

8.97

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

15.28 ..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

Singapore

x

x

x

x

South Africa

14.21

13.39

Thailand

30.16

34.03

.. 31.38

25.14

27.93

x

x

19.71

19.20

21.07

31.44

40.26

44.48

31.85

36.75

41.81

36.86

42.41

x

x

x

x

x

..

..

..

..

..

44.24

54.57

68.84

65.96

..

Source: IEA.

Table 15 (cont.) Steam coal prices for industry in USD/tonne

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Brazil

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

Costa Rica

Colombia

49.67 ..

33.57 ..

Panama

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Suriname

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

504 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 16 Steam coal prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Bulgaria

0

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

P.R. of China

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

29.53

31.27

31.43

31.18

47.75

57.72

54.68

70.17

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

118.55

88.22

136.98

89.39

.. ..

.. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

India

16.49

17.11

16.61

17.74

19.54

21.34

20.77

22.92

24.25

21.83

..

Indonesia

18.26

19.45

23.60

26.91

25.81

25.92

36.66

37.06

50.44

70.48

..

Kazakhstan

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

.. ..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Singapore

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

6.51

5.81

4.97

7.59

8.50

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

South Africa Thailand

10.34 ..

Source: IEA.

Table 16 (cont.) Steam coal prices for electricity generation in USD/tonne

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Honduras

..

Bolivia

..

..

..

Jamaica

..

Brazil

..

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

Colombia

..

..

Panama

..

..

Costa Rica

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Peru

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Suriname

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

0.0

0.00

0.00

Guyana

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 505

Table 17 Coking coal prices for industry in USD/tonne

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

37.24

..

38.38

41.28

52.20

61.72

2010

Chinese Taipei

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Croatia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India Indonesia Kazakhstan

38.23 .. 14.19

39.61 .. 14.07

38.45 .. 7.84

42.58 .. 10.10

53.35

64.62

.. 13.78

.. 17.91

62.90

69.25

..

..

21.57

22.48

73.07 .. 28.50

66.11 .. 40.01

.. .. .. 33.94

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Malta

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Romania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Russian Federation

..

..

..

..

Singapore

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

South Africa

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Thailand

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

71.00

92.95

79.96

101.49

185.85

88.50

173.64

Source: IEA.

Table 17 (cont.) Coking coal prices for industry in USD/tonne

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Bolivia

..

..

Brazil Colombia

150.05

148.55

58.77

42.12

2008

2009

Guyana

..

..

Haiti

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

Nicaragua

..

..

Costa Rica

..

..

Panama

..

..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

..

..

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

..

..

Ecuador

..

..

Suriname

..

..

El Salvador

..

..

Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

..

..

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

..

..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

506 - ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011

Table 18 Electricity prices for industry in USD/kWh

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China Chinese Taipei Croatia Cyprus Ghana

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.079

0.083

0.080

.. 0.060

.. 0.056

.. 0.087

.. 0.079

..

.. 0.053 .. 0.082

.. 0.053 .. 0.104

.. 0.055 .. 0.107

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.057

0.058

0.059

0.067

0.075

0.078

0.068

0.073

0.079

0.094

0.110

0.112

0.125

0.145

0.238

0.188

0.217

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

0.080

Indonesia

0.036

0.035

0.048

0.062

0.063

0.059

0.068

0.068

0.064

0.062

Kazakhstan

0.013

0.014

0.014

0.015

0.018

0.020

0.024

0.033

.. .. ..

0.039

0.038

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.102

0.118

0.114

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.126

0.123

0.138

Malta Romania

.. 0.044

Russian Federation

..

Singapore

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.042

0.053

0.067

0.071

0.095

0.021

0.024

0.029

0.030

0.032

0.036

0.067

0.070

0.074

0.080

0.096

..

South Africa

0.017

0.013

0.012

0.019

0.022

0.022

0.022

Thailand

0.057

0.056

0.057

0.060

0.063

0.066

0.078

..

..

0.046

..

0.133

0.116

0.112

0.038

0.050

0.047

0.050

0.112

0.141

0.121

0.148

.. 0.073

.. 0.075

.. 0.076

.. ..

Source: IEA.

Table 18 (cont.) Electricity prices for industry in USD/kWh

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

..

..

Bolivia

Honduras

..

Brazil

0.150

..

0.159

Jamaica

..

Colombia

0.125

0.104

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

0.093

0.114

Cuba

..

Dominican Republic

..

.. ..

Ecuador

0.070

0.064

El Salvador

0.124

0.161

Panama

0.053

Peru

0.079

Suriname Trinidad and Tobago

..

..

Uruguay

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

..

Paraguay

Grenada

Source: OLADE.

0.214

.. .. 0.091 ..

.. .. .. 0.046 .. .. .. 0.098 ..

ENERGY PRICES & TAXES, 2nd Quarter 2011 - 507

Table 19 Electricity prices for households in USD/kWh

0 Bulgaria P.R. of China

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.113

0.114

0.108

..

..

..

..

Chinese Taipei

0.081

0.075

0.071

0.074

Croatia

0.051

0.061

0.065

0.082

.. 0.076 ..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.079

0.079

0.080

0.086

0.088

0.093

0.115

0.121

0.132

0.158

0.163

0.156

0.281

0.221

0.255

Cyprus

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Ghana

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

India

0.033

0.035

0.035

0.040

..

0.047

Indonesia

0.025

0.025

0.042

0.061

0.062

0.058

0.062

0.063

0.061

0.057

Kazakhstan

0.027

0.026

0.025

0.026

0.030

0.031

0.036

0.043

0.052

0.047

.. 0.056

Latvia

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.134

0.146

0.139

Lithuania

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.130

0.134

0.158

Malta Romania

.. 0.052

.. 0.050

Russian Federation

..

..

Singapore

..

..

.. 0.062 .. 0.090

.. 0.073 ..

.. 0.091

.. 0.114

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

0.096

0.099

0.111

0.139

South Africa

0.040

0.036

0.032

0.048

0.060

0.061

0.059

Thailand

0.060

0.060

0.063

0.064

0.070

0.072

0.085

.. 0.143 .. 0.091

.. 0.158 .. 0.190 .. 0.094

.. 0.135 .. 0.154 .. 0.098

.. 0.137 .. 0.181 .. ..

Source: IEA.

Table 19 (cont.) Electricity prices for households in USD/kWh

2008

2009

2008

2009

Argentina

..

..

Guyana

..

..

Barbados

..

..

Haiti

..

..

..

Honduras

..

..

Jamaica

..

..

Bolivia Brazil

.. 0.217

0.206

Colombia

0.135

0.121

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

0.097

0.113

Panama

0.172 ..

Cuba

..

..

Paraguay

0.079

Dominican Republic

..

..

Peru

0.134

Ecuador

0.094

0.090

El Salvador

0.158

0.204

Suriname Trinidad and Tobago

Grenada

..

..

Uruguay

Guatemala

..

..

Venezuela

.. .. 0.210 ..

.. .. 0.069 .. .. .. 0.223 ..

Source: OLADE.

INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Energy Data Manager / Statistician Possible Staff Vacancies International Energy Agency, Paris, France The IEA

Principal Qualifications

The International Energy Agency, based in Paris, acts as energy policy advisor to 28 member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major consumers and producers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries.

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n n n n n n

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Notes

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