Electrical Engineering - Vol 1 هندسة كهربائية - الجزء الأول

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹] 1 W 2 P4 = 0.762 W > 1 W 2

 K‫א‬١w‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Voltage With Respect to Ground ‫א‬ ٩J ٤

E‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Reference Point. ‫א‬،١٠٠V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KCircuit Ground‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬Ground‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE١٩J ٤F

- ٥٢ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 +

R1

+ V2

a



V1



−

−

+ V2

R2



  

V



−

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٩J ٤F

 Note  a‫א‬‫א‬  E١٥J ٤F

  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٥ VVoltage Dropped ‫א‬‫א‬ +

−

+

+

−

c

a

b

+ 100V

−

− e

+

a

+

+ 100V

−

−

+

b

(a)

−

  c 

+

+

−

d (b)

 E١٥J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ b)،(aE٢٠J ٤F

- ٥٣ -

 

−



e

d



−

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 + a

+ 100V

−

C b

−

−

c

e

+ +

− d

(c)

 E١٥J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫(א‬c)E٢٠J ٤F  ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EaF‫א‬‫א‬  Va ‫א‬،a‫א‬‫א‬، Va ‫א‬

 K‫א‬a‫א‬‫א‬a‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EaF‫א‬‫א‬ Ve = 0 Vd = +25V

Vc = +50V Vb = +75V Va = +100V

 W‫א‬‫א‬d‫א‬Eb F‫א‬‫א‬  Ve = −25V  Vd = 0V  Vc = +25V  Vb = +50 - ٥٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 Va = +75V  W‫א‬‫א‬،c‫א‬،EcF‫א‬‫א‬  Ve = −50V  Vd = −25V  Vc = 0V  Vb = +25V Va = +50V

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،a‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 Ke ← ،d،c،b‫א‬  ‫א‬a‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KJ ،H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W VA EaF‫א‬‫א‬ Va = VS = 100V Vb = 100 − 25 = +75V Vc = 100 − 25 − 25 = +50V

Vd = 100 − 25 − 25 − 25 = +25V

 ‫א‬e‫א‬ Ve = Vs + Vb + Vc + Vd + Ve Ve = 100 − 25 − 25 − 25 − 25 = 0 ∴ Ve = 0

 Note   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫ א‬E١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬E٢  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W R1 ‫א‬ Vb = Vs − IR 1

 Kc،b،a‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Troubleshooting ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠J ٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KOpen Circuit

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١F

KShort Circuit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢F

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Open Circuit‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K١   V = IR = 0

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

Cheek For Burned Resistor‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٦ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



0V R1

+ 10V −

0V





 R2

R2





VS = 10V



Short Circuit‫א‬‫א‬E٢١J ٤F

‫א‬‫א‬KShort‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E١٦J ٤F K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬، VS = 100V   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ A, B ‫א‬Short‫א‬E 10Ω



18Ω

c

b

− VS = 100V

33Ω

+

39Ω a

     



 E١٦J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢J ٤F

- ٥٧ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 ‫א‬

 K R T ‫א‬W   R T = 10 + 18 + 33 + 39 = 100 Ω  I=

100 =1A 100

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K A, B ‫א‬ShortW    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A, B ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  R T = 18 + 10 = 28 Ω 10Ω



18Ω b

C

− VS = 100V



33Ω

I

+

 





  a







39Ω

 E١٦J ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣J ٤F  I=

VS 100 = = 3.57 A RT 28

 W‫א‬

K 3.57 A   1 A ‫א‬‫א‬ ، A, B ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  A, C ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬18 Ω ، 33 Ω ، 39 Ω ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٨ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 R T = 10 Ω  I=

VS 100 = = 10 A R T 10

 10 A ‫א‬‫א‬ Summary ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KKVL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Series-Opposition‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Voltage Drops‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ground‫א‬ ƒ K‫א‬Negative Ground‫א‬‫ƒ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Positive Ground‫א‬‫ƒ א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Open circuit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬  K‫א‬

- ٥٩ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K A, B ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١ R١

A

A

 

B



R٢ R١

R٢



R٣

R٣



B

  

A R٢ R١

B R٤

R٣

R٥

    

12V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢ 120Ω ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬، 5mA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A

+ VS −



R٣

5 mA



A

 

R1

  

A

R2 - ٦٠ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R T ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤



 1000 Ω ، 500 Ω EF

 56 Ω ، 47 Ω EF  10 kΩ ، 2.2 kΩ ،1.5 kΩ EF  2.2 MΩ ،1 kΩ ، 470 kΩ ،1 MΩ EF 

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥ R 2 = 10 Ω



R 2 = 10 Ω R1 = 4.7 Ω

R 3 = 12 Ω

R 1 = 25.6 kΩ

  

R4 =1Ω



R 3 = 2.2 kΩ



( b)

(a )



  

R 1 = 1 MΩ R 5 = 10 M Ω R1 = 1 MΩ

  

R 2 = 560 kΩ R 3 = 5.6 MΩ

   

(c)

 

- ٦١ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



‫א‬، 100 mA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

R 1 = 45 Ω

−

R 2 = 15 Ω

VS + A

R 3 = 90 Ω

، 25V   R 2 ‫א‬، 25mA  R1 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧  ‫؟‬ R 2 

A

−

R1

VS +

R2

V

R3

، R1 = 10Ω ‫א‬، VS = 48V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ ؛‬R 3 = R 4 = 47Ω ، R 2 = 96Ω ، VS = 24V ‫א‬ R 2 = 5.6 kΩ ، R 1 = 4.7 kΩ ‫א‬‫א‬ K٩ ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠  W‫؟‬ VS ، R 3 = 330Ω ، R 2 = 56Ω ، R 1 = 100Ω - ٦٢ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



V5 = 1.124V & R 5 = 47Ω ، R 4 = 220Ω

R1



R2

 

I

VS



R3 R5

  

R4



V

 

، V1 = 4.69 V   R1 ‫א‬‫א‬ VS = 15 V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١ ‫؟‬ R 1 = 1.5 kΩ  R 2   R 1 = 1.5 kΩ, V1 = 4.69 V V

+ VS = 15V

R1

 

R2

  

−

 

 I = 1.43mA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢ ، V1 = 2V2 ‫א‬‫א‬، VS = 15V  ‫؟‬ R 3 ، R 2 ، R1 ، V2 = 2V3

‫؟‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣ - ٦٣ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



، R 2 = 10KΩ ، R 1 = 15KΩ R 4 = 2.2KΩ ، R 3 = 6.8KΩ

 R1

a



R2



VS1 = 24V



R3

VS2 = 12V



R4

 

 VS1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K١٤  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،a  ‫א‬‫א‬



W 2.16V  R1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٥

 WK،E R 3 ‫א‬‫א‬F V3 ‫א‬،E V1 = 2.16V F

R 4 = 220KΩ & R 3 = 560Ω ، R 2 = 1KΩ ، R 1 = 390Ω



VS2 A



R 2 = 1 kΩ

R 1 = 390 Ω

 

I

R 3 = 560 Ω

VS1

R 4 = 220 Ω

    

- ٦٤ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-



‫א‬ VS2 ، VS1 = 15V ‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٦ KE V1 = 3.77V FW 3.77V  R1 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬ R1 ‫א‬‫א‬ VS 2 ‫א‬ K١٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ VS2 ‫א‬EE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬F R 2 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V4 ، V3 ، V2 ، V1 ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٦F

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٨  A, B, C, D ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F  W‫؟‬

 R 1 = 12 kΩ, R 2 = 22 kΩ, R 3 = 47 kΩ & R 4 = 15 kΩ   d c



R4



R3

 

b

+ VS = 48V



R2



a

−

R1

+ V1 −

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 560 Ω ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٩

    

‫؟‬ R = 27 Ω ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A, B ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢٠  - ٦٥ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ א‬١٤٠

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١-





A

+ 12V −



100 Ω



56 Ω

  

B

   

1kΩ A

+ 8V

2.2kΩ

− 3.3kΩ

B

b

- ٦٦ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ã¹]