•
Touching Feeling AjfrCI, Pl!liagogy, Pnjormalivily
""" av ti KOSOF .IKY SEDGWI C K
~~
..
U~IV"STTT
.....
for T W. M . with
• c _'-~"""
" ...... .....-"'-rt-nk.mp and Rkhanl Henke (N '1195). n.c diocuWon o f H enry ).omes·' ....1" rntid$m in Clu pter , both """t in .... and borrows from the d iJcu/llion ofT1ot Wi,,&, of,IIto- in T~ (Dumam. NC: Duu Uni""rsj.y Prta. ' 99'),
M uch of ,Ite writing in T...dIi,,& Ftdi"" orifIinallyo pp".red in odI .... conlem.
But ,h;' coUcoion of auyo 0110 "'f'I'tSCnU a diKinct project. on. tha, has occupied a decade. worIt. which has nonc::thelns. and with increasingsr"bbornn .... rc(UK Fewer.rc . ble to , ..",mi, how to go . bou, it, 'he tr ."'... 8u, of c.....1'$< f•• easi~r '" dtpl'eCl'. ,II< confounding. ,.ndontioou etfens of binary modes 0( ,lUnkng-.nd
I,',
'0 ~'P'*' thrir ol1m ..ultifymg !"""Y''t''IiQn - ,han i, is '0 al'ticuU,~ or rnodtlooh.. >lructurn of though •. ~n.o invoke.."..!...,iom... pt.=y 0( BuddhlSl .n.. r.u point ""', is '0 ,umbic right in,,, • dIU lis! k lnp_ 1'... aho'a)" ' J$lIrI1fry 0( ",ha, a an', figure uut how to ..y ",;>dil);_n!1 TomkiN" 1I.Jf«r [""'lPJ C"""""""lip-.tidy .~cu, br bener or worot. on m. .. rong consciousnc.. 0( \«>Cation .h..
u..
made: a book lik. F.,.u'""oJWv""'~ Clout oound Il.boration: • puett}" book; the
c .. ~ndcd. doubk·YOiccd ...(bot" of A o..? ... Loot: I 10< of allCcr jour. ""Ii,m: Ind. in< name uf. dlSllna .nd bounded CC'SS of , b .. ifying .. t",,,,,,e. as pcrfnm.liYcJ ""mo. ,oo,.. ath,. ..
Vel. as Shoshana ~Iman poinu OUt Ito Tv !.it.... ?, SpmA Nt, Awtin', "".., pcrlOnnan« in lhe ... lcnum if "nythmg but. simplt one. Qn
.mpks or the concqx n n be said 10 -suni\,," the ....Iytic optntion of thc Iccru..,. II aU (AUJlin ':!O): """""helt$J """ncd 10 .,.,.... and ....,. as if no "'l""""n. or .noly... no d«omtruttion oo-dismanlle"""", could "'oily vitiate or..,..., ch2lltnge the .. If,evldence ofthcirenmplary fOn:e-the .. ..,ntenen:an wh., Austin', won. lruulls m It.. mind as pcrfurmarivity toot coun, ..,..., ,,-hi\c ",odeting nominally un .... bk: the COrmalh-e bnguagc "1"""'"n<s I depo>nu fl' from . h. deconsnuoh-e/ q"" .. lin"gc towtrich I Tt· "rrt1-implify "",,, ;" f'O'iting that both drcOfUt"'Ction and gcndrr Ih.ory h~ invoked Austinian pcrl"ormativity in Ih . ..... ;.e of an .pI... moIogic.1 pro;e.:' thot ran roughly be id.ntifiood as .mie_nli.lism. AU$llni.n p"rfo,malivity !! . buut h£.wJanguoge COP $ITU«. ouff«<s ",ality "t heft ~ on "",,,,Iy describing ii, This dirrcdy.1_rod.,· oflIngu.gc if ",Ost .. lIh)g.Jor_llllie*n~l'rojem. when the: uUe ranres in qurSlkln art (1""''''0 claimin ~ a . imply.descriJuU:c:..rtl.tion ' 0 tom!i.." by »ying. -8uI lhe only molly inlercscing pan of it It how all langu;ogJ'''' "'quir.. a "ep.o.he $ido of .n'i .... nlialism. a n:1'1~ lighlening of me epistemlogiide of lhe dernrutruc-
""men. is e n~)'S!I."gj ng, pfy"'S tbe hngu"c kJnds "« in me defining i'!1l •.n« _,mu'rical, BUll .... c.rly .....,rk a~;cu: I.tel.n inyi,o,in \0. in her words. me. fon ta'M Brilish ,hucrr: ,~e second in,l\ .n.)ys,\> "O'Ol1rgcois rna ... sized
.1:to\J,
riogc ond . .... nel slawry 10$
rwo""_ of mobilt dle~'cr _ of,he ,......Iing
pt enforce du.listic 'Mnlting: noncontradiction or ,"" law 01 ,he ududed mi< ••• it '" ,he f""m "f, ho prine. who formu I.teo righu. of 'he he. who forb;dJ. uf ,he censor who e"fort .. ,ilene•. oro( ,h. m ..... .".ho SI"e' .he law. in my ax 01>< Khe .... tiuo powe. in. juridical fOrm. and ont deru... ill .ffecuao ~- (8. - .,). Foucaul •• on .he Othtt hand.. .hough he is far &om ewming -dla. sa Iw flO( bct:n prnhibit~ or lurred or mukcd or mis>Pf'",heNlcd ,~ 'he d . " ical .ge - (,,). is mon: "ruck by the: prolifera,ion of ntc1 of ... u.lily .h.n by th.i. suppttsslon . Or. mo", irl1e", .. ingly. he p"re~ .1\;1. ,he", may ",.Uy be no "rup'u"," b«wttn "rtptt>Sio • 1'""'" ..,nl). . ~f hi ... udr. And '0 • ionof prohibilion is IIIU.he ....... iInpiw hj'p"'hesis. ........ ..,.;on or pruhibilion
".nsmod.
open'"
Is "ill ,he ""'" import"" thing .o undt ..,...d. Bu. it I')' d;" gulsln~ iuelf .. "",." (i.... .......ncr:), N>tu", and .... n'!.I •..., ""'. .nd h."•• Iwo)', k.n. ,to< defining 'u"'" of "'p",ssion/pr(Jhibi'ion_
,.,......m..o "
t"'"'
It snms dear ,''', . ......-no n.arrow ,0 '«;.
,"()lul1t.ri'y. Ye' it i, only tM middle •• ngel of agency
tion . My disxk ioops~lf·n:inromng. in Sil .... n Tomkins. tc.ms. as "f'P"Kd ..... If·fulfillingin gn:ate. deuil. Bneny. in ,he rase of Foucault·. volume and iu clf«>. •. I would ""1 .h.. his .~ .Iy.;. of thc pscudodichotomy be",·.. n n:p .... ion and Iibe"'Iion h.. led. in m any cue,. 10 i.. C01"Irrf"'ual n:imposi.ion in t~ ... n more abstractly ",ilied form oI .bc begtmonic.nd.be sub'iC";'...
dli:.......l cre.tMty and ch"'S'"
AND
A,nCT
seemed. with tho .. megic ban.l izol'on of g.y .nd icsbi.n poli.i" al _U :as thei. """,,ute disn-ow.! of rela,ion to ,1M! historical and rontinuing ~[ o. " ... in • ''''Y p«>
To pcrr~l"" tell .. '" i. " ..... ,onl1'o . sk Or know What is i, Ii",,? no• • "" n JuS! ~Io... doc. iI impinge on ""I T• .,ur.l ptrttplly inte,....;,,, propenic< ,hal Jamn J.Gib<Jlh.esiu whe.her, .hmg "iU be e;uy or lurd. Ak ...- dangerous •., grasp. ,., !I;>(k. w (lid . •., .tuM. '0 dlmb.,... w ...... ch. '0 did • .• o ooaIt. E..." ~ itnmoNiia.tly than oll... ~rupt ...1UiYil)' ; '0 'ouch is ."'..,., .I ... ady '0 I'(;>(h OU', ' 0 fodIe. '0 heft. '0 "p. or II, .nfOld. and "","y' .100 10 undtt. mnd Olh mi n ch'ncteri""d """ "... y of"ploiting''''' ... , .. " ible prop_ • .,Ies of ,e.,ural objre" a nd .ubj...,.. when h. wrote, "E ... n if a bourgeoi, is un.t>I. to give his e• .,hly being f'r .hoir ou.lin... cc blur ... d in I ch" .ct.Tistk """y. It i.< no! "'''ngo ,~ ..... si"ancc torontrol .. oomc.hing 'hat berom.. second
"a,,,,,, '0 asucW pct"SOns. return. in ,he propertied bourgeoisie" (016-'7). GoIng from Viclooan plush '0 post'modcrn sIli"". Bora _.s -.mootho.... is t.xh • 'ype of ta,,,~ and '''''ucc·. Indttd. oil... ~ bqO true 'hac the dilf....", hislocits. of iliffo",n, porcoptu. 1 ' y•• enu .... li,ble '0 'orque..,d 'I'l1y.he hiltory of .... u... as ...... n. propt"rtitt. .nd .. ~ ,he ",l.,~", betwe.n .ouch and vision in
,,,," mcdrrn I"'riod ...ouh in "ndotm>nding> cl """UIT
,hot, mah ;, a< "I"
'0 ~..,...nt crix< and fuou .... cl muning '" rnhal'" or """""IT within your Yisuai 6cld. wh .... as tca'ure pc,uins 10 'he ~I of Iht ( ......g~ fibers of the wood in ITbtion '0 ,he slttk bite cl ,he He.
Funhe,.".,..,. whot~, ,he scal., on< bo.lmp Of> • ,urf,ce. or ~n th,.. •. wan', cons,i'",e tca,,, ... A "'pu,ed pallern Iik poIh dots migh'. but it dotptnd. on how big ,hey .... or- how d"se you • .." from KroM ,he room you migh' I t t them ... Aat lhect cl g.. y: aI a ~w ..... the lipping ....ay is Itlhil.....,· ing." "'" ,,·rit.... "but brings it> """"'SCI' (6.);"1 WJI only: he promises 11,.... "g~ you . .... n .round. or- .. ther . IIoundOW w. could, 0, why".., can', . mow ,I,.,m) by ",king new qu ••';onsabou, phe. ~nology and .ffect (",hat motiva'" pcrforma'jvity and ptrNrmonc •. lOr rumple. and wha< lndividu.1 and roIkcti ... diMS an' rnobiIiznI in ,be;,. e.ccution'). n.. tille r"" chosen for ,hese essay .. TD""'i"!: rrdi~ .. cords the in,uilion t hat a p;onlrular inlim.cy sec"", '" .ub.... betw... n ""urn .nd But ,he same d""bI. meaning. ,.coile plu. omot;"n.l. is .1· re.~y ,he", in ,be single word ",ouching; equally il'. int.rnaI '" 1M word """ling." I am.1oo tII(OU . . ged in ,his o«ociation by the dubious "piohtt "'oumy.fttly," wlth il$ implication thaI ~n '0 ,.Ik .bou, . ffect vinually
""""ion•.
. mounts 10 C,, '.rKOU$ <nse:,reci.>lIy. """'....., .ff""ts h.... gn:otcr freedom wl,h n:spert;vo"s1""itlvt .ffects '. .. \sA •• · .. (58: emph ..11 add.d). In Tomkin,', ... e nded thought ••.
peri"'ent
.boo, how
le • genuinely hum;on .... omoton,
(the mochincl...-oukl TT<Juu.. on aff. Th;, n",., IS ,,, .. th.", ...1" ....... re ;nl> 001 beca .. se ,hey sh.", • p, nk .. l.. dIogica. To dDcri~ ,Isem prim.rily in ........ uf...uc,u", it :oh...y. • qual;...tM rru....prc.. ...... ion. A, .. nding '0 ps)'Choiogy ODd nulCrioliry at .he Inotl of,fICo and .eno~ if .lIo.o n\I~. ' conceptual ... alm ,h.. is no< .... I"d bj' lock nor by rommons<nsical dua~.;" of 1Utr;
c, >" " 'CI'..-C' . "OT O"U"O"'. I .. "H ISC
,""U"""roCUlo. (>D6)
_, _.~ " ... ., ~ .. _ ~ ..... "hor"".., fecI; th. e>nlw tow",~ u.. "' ," 0 .ue ....... upn& ., 0 Iohcoinph .. leun A. ~in ofJudilh Scon (b. ' 91$ Ius bftf1 hidden under ma"Y .',nppt'd or domed bycn; of muhirolo.--.d pm. cord. ribbon , rapt, and OIhe, filK" producing. dur.blc thltt-rumensional &h.tpc. usuolly oriented .long a single nlJ of length. ".. hose cu"", • • nd pUnes .... ~1c.alIy """"..., and ,,'hou: tcaIe b.... Ulrrlplrison '0 S pholograph also induM. hc, rclarion 10 he, cornpkttd work. ond ~.ump!i""Iy"1so the "'.",cr's ",Lo,ion '0 t!'Highl of d)'~. For~. tOUpeI ic;"u a SlJbjNt.objecI dist>n« from thit inugc ;" no """"' pI'Ui;bl~ ltun 'u envision .ud. a ,..!'tion bc.wttn ScOl' .nd Mr W(rl;, She .nd her he.-., pr1!kn•• hemu:l..,. II> o n• • notM, "'ilh equ;ally n .
=
SIJ"''''.
,ha,
,,..,,ion
~ wc~. Through thtlr ,Jou:ne.s. the ....... u sigh' it ""''' ... dis. ""''''' in f".... ofthot oftuch. Nul only the .n... ·• handt.nd 1>;,,,, bu. he' f...,., .'" bu.)' with th o """.«ioo of textun.: . Po",,,,, and b.bi",. lwiru (ScOU is • •,..in). or migh, unn"" i' , roo. She "S<S il in of .mmb.;·, .......
'n
fo< TotrIlJnI.. ,
...... - _
_«I "".... of ...... - ....Iosoon '" "" O.... u but .100 like a """·ie, .t ,~ P"se.ntlik Ind In,lm .. ely ""ltd dtmOO'n'ic >pact of.ht t"""II com""""" at ,I>< I"'tience of' ,he highl)' doortos",pI>td police , at ... hat SC1:med III< 'hoilling S)'mbolO: l(:YI!roge, wi,hin • 'ightly mirub,.d ItgaI dii«>o~ .nd hiJ'O< focult y_ "",)·bt ~''"' 01 u. and AU<Jt,,,. g.thc:Kd on ttl< ""m SrNn, holding ,;goobtditnct of. doun union em .
«>net""""
-,,·i,......-
~ ..+.o "..,'" going 10 b&ock , ... ffic in front oI.ht Inn ;md get • ....,..td. n... poI;c., hod a )..,11ow td>oolbu. ,hr"'. ever)·, hin, ..~ ......Jr. and • b..u. .
'1"''''
Bill of Rights, I, " ''S ,he sroow, profuso, g.. tu ........ ~Ullizing, thutric.olly ,r"",forrmti"" , .... ,I«mtd IfIO>t guoronttt ,t.. totality &nd oymbolic ...... nnC$S of ,his PU"', signifying ~ •• I, ..at abo. """..,...,r, ,t.. co.nin· gen. rc~med " ' _ be ... >01""" in .ny~ .• c
. • eying e. h, wlin g Iy to c"'''e a se. mlell turnln of fOI ge and demand: - We .'" he",. quee •. • nd We won·, ~d~ t hu )"~a.': 0< belle •. "Snap~ Sn.p! Snap! Who< is 'his ,acis! crap'" The", was abo a lot of AU u ... faroril. funny dwII , which nukn Tnrory of radkaI de· nial 0( ..empbry func60n to black gay bodio:oo at ,he inICt1eCIion of 'wo kinds "'community lhal ..,.,m .., ""en to CO"" each oc""roul of ptrttp. tu.1 exi"cnre: I I.citly rae;" ",-hite ga)" commu ni,y fo r whom a black quc.:r body. eroticil:ed. mighl sc.nd n I "'p ... ~n'.lion of bI~kMu but ion 00
co", ...
whkh local TV in 1 NOrl h Camlina wa, ron
-'1""'"
10 ...."'Yl>o .bSrbing . lId $(l ... dic.lly nctoroge".ou, .bou. ,hi, spac. o f proteSllh •• when. nell thing I kocw, Ihe urg.nt sound of my n. m. and. slowly d""·nlng.., .... of ofunricnt.'ion , uggnt.d Ih., I .. cmc:d ''''Y oddly ' 0 be "",,,iI(d ou' in ,~ din -coming to->I1rf.ong >iokntly rro", til( .fup pi, of lnohomel l think .his ....... in dl"CCI. l " 'orid or ~al!h ca'" undrt "menan OIpot.UlStt'L) It ...~ with joy, wnh d"'gnn, .."h im.".., lti$comfon ..... 1"~oom.ng'u kd _ h ~ pl.cemrn15 ""'"' • ttd """" In the condcn ..... g ~nd compluly repcaoen••• ;.... sl"'c~ of.~ cI . ssroom .... ~ll-a cl.ssroom .poce "'I>",I..ly ",c"",mu'ed hy .hre.. and tt.uurning .nd by ,he barencss o(,h. cogni.i .... and perro,,,,,.
.i,,, resi".", •• " .. ",ere . bl. to "'Ount '0 .hem. I'indi ng mystlf . s ' •• cher, as """"'pi ... ;oS p,,..uadcr. as re.d.l I "'ould f«0_ he IS >I. ... n~. oronc .xp«I"'! him.o be f.millu bul ~ sud· denly 'l'P"~rs un(a""II.r. .".Or>(: $t~nod.o .mile bu, round l>.kes idcnbly. In fact. • h31I1t .nd iden",), ",nuio in \'t'1)' dy ... mM: ",L.lion to one aoothtt. a. once dcconsUl"nng.nd foono:b" ..... I. btta......... mc IS both perub:uiy con"giou,.nd JlI.'gm" deb,llty. bad ""'C beh ...·lor. ..,.m,,,gly h.vmg IIOIhmg 10 do ...,th me. con ,nl< • or • - thl:i " ikood nllton " ., , _~ in .he mt»1 isolaung ...... y 'mlgin.bl~. ",,".~. . UCI"nng"" ..... mc. I u",d to ... k "'.e""l"$lo P" in. thoogb, apen· _n •• ,,,:~liztng an un ..... ,hed. half ltlWIe nun....-ho ...-ould ...-...dc, 1n'0 .he lectu ... hall n,umbbng loudly. hIS spttdl mcrcasinglj" .ccusa,ory and d>SJoint~ol .• nd publicly unn"~ in ,h. £ron. of the room. then "'Onder",,. . I ...... .g~m . ,.-_. "red .he ucruci~lion of",,,..,...... d ... lIl.he room: tach look·
SDm"".""
",""I_}'
..
_
""'y
Ing do",.". " 'lShi"g '0 be ~ny ...""rc else )'" ronodous of the """""",ble f.." of bc,ng c sh."",.hunulialion re3CIion in inf."'Y of hanging ,he: hear! and "'''MlnS .he ~yn docs not ...... n lhe child" consdous o f", . jcaion. boJ. IndICate. tha. tffc1O ...Y' ncc_ [$$;Orily diSlorlN) h)' .he hyperbole ofi ... origi"..1 c",I!;I. A~ i>n.1 des.:ribcJ by Tomlins, sh.me dfucs ('54'1(, sh."", pointS.nd f>tOjcrlJ; t.l,.,nc ,urns itSelf
r...
slin sidc Out: sl>:omc "nd~. sh.me .nd ilignily.lh ..... :anJ 54'lf-displ.y. ,II.>..... nduhibiliQnUm.1T iliff.....,nl in'cruningsoflM u .... gJo.". Sb~. il mighl finaUy be $;Ihi. ,ransfonn.,ionaI ~ ..... II rnJi."1r-tta_I mun'Matric.1 poerform.>n«. I'I:riOmun« in.rrli"",~ ....... """"' ,lI.>n ju« i"IT' suIt Or. "'.y of _ruing i, oW. 'hough import.ntly it is t"'- thlnS'_ $h . .... is the . lfeo .h.1 rn.nlkcs the 'hrtShold be,,,''''''' intl"O\'Cl">MIn.nd sion, belween .hsorp'ion I"d thc3Iric.lily. bcl",•• n pcrform ..,,'ity . rnl pcrformath·ity.
""'T()"I".'
.he
th.yful sp:oade of. produc· _~ a1rn'1 rromlSCllOtUl}" enlruSlN 0' "thrown- au,horUl narrlssi>rn.
",,,.II'" , .Iso u/fcr the spc:ing TCspn<s'l rel.ltion to hi> audience ol .....odcn. In using the I",m -a..wcncr" helT. I won' ,0 RUrl;. James', 0 ...... m>isten< them.1t-u'K>n of clements in thIS " -riting as sptofically ,~tnc.l_ ,,;,h aU.t.. irnrlicalions of acuemen, . .....,nm..,.,men,. dangCal s.:lf pn:ojcCltorl " ... ",fficic"drlM:alrd ,I>:ot he had acIuaUy begun ......". round of pb)"wrighl.ng ond of nq;olia,ions with produars_ ..."n.u •• ing, irtdc-td. in peMorm.ar>Cc . The MlCt ofj.~·••• rribI. depressions ..... triggrlTd. not by humtlinion on .he "a~. bul b)" Ih. b.lun:: of ' he New York .dnion nself, .1. ' o ul f.ilure.o..,lI.nd its 'pl"",n.ly 'ern,inal f.ilurc to c,,,ke rerogni.;on fron, any ",.det>h.p. When ".-e n::.d Ihe Ne'" Y""k ednion pre(=.. Ihtn ...·c n::ad • ..,nc.of ,ats ,h., .rc in .he I1"lO$l atncted wh•• lim" C.n there be to ,he .h.nlC (of hirn. o( on .... l!) "" II1currcd? "'1u.llo Ih., d.n.gc •. tto...·l"\"r. ts Ihe dangmt. oflhe pn:f.,es "",,1, m Ihe ... me St.rtlmg me .. phor ,h" . n; m., •• ,h< p,c..,m·d. y popul.. h'tratun: ofthe "inner ch.ld ", Ihc me"ph.." Ih>! pN:~nu one's rel.,ion to O.... ·S Own pOl$l as • reLa.jo.noJ"p. in\ersubjec '
1M: as 01
lJ
,mergenerationaL. And. " might bt adJrd.
d.~rution ~roti.c. Ofieo. the younger .utbor i5
(Of
most
people by
pro:n' In'hese prd".
""es as. figure '" hirnstlf. bu. I:\"n.non: fttqutntly ,heliaioos tht-rnsth-es. or(h,,~cw'$ ,n lhem. are g""n his fonn. 0 .... ro:cdn'l be '"'~'ed (u pop p'ychology i,) in • nom,.I"'ing. hygienic ,deology orhe.l;ng Ihis n:1"ion,hip. in , mawki,h ",..,,,·.lu.tic)n of 'he "child"'s .cee" 10 n. rn.;,.., ' U' thorily.1 lhe "'pense of .h>! ofihe "~duit: or in a lotahring ambition 10
gel the 1""0 sel\'CS pcnTUI1cnlly rneow:d in.o one. 10 lind lho, Ihis ligur;l' lion optns ou\ , nrh lomdsc.pe of n:blKJn;d position.llIlCS - pcr!taps ope' dally . round isJu"" of sh>.me. j;lmes cen.inly displ. ys no 00in: to heron •• "nce .g.lnlhe young and mysll~ed .Ulhorof his c.rI)· prodUctiOlU. To Ihc ctm l r~'y. tht "cry di" . "". of tht~ inner ",1f.fib'UUlioIlJ front Ihe 'peaking self of lhe p ....5Cnt i> m. n:cd. t .....S\ln:d. and in fm erotic;.,...,d. The" di\· lance (Iemponl. figured osin'crsut;«t"'•. figunod in 'urn asSf"'''I) >;«, h;>J cmerged _ .. ~II suffused wi,h a flu>h of rrtoe.lning: Ihmb '0 whkh Irrc$;Kible 'or. as 1 could bul plead in tM c,,,n,. 1 found myself ... beguiled and kd on." "The .hing h.d ',ome: " h. conclude$ ,,~,h an und" . gui~,1 O
i,.
Itt;n.l place.s lhe l> finlCtICtof tho fim-bom ofmy I""S"'Y ... .... deocent 0(OW b"Dll one..... &om tlot nu .... ry to the dr....ing-"""" u.",., tho hod .pp..10( cnqutnng. of pos.W>Iy in.. "",~. ,.."ton. I Iud Kronl· Ingly ",ken for g......,,~ ,IK ""mmon 11«....... of such • ".",- !he respon . •il>1e glatlCC of IOn,. 1'0".... ~ from """ nu!">lUlg '0 onother. the rapid n"hof.tt .ruim.. needl •. ,lit no< imp
ric'" York ~.ion.j>.""'. deornlln ,he bIond,o/unt ... ofhi< finLWd ",!he _ • nes ,hat . ..... rikingly like Ihe ones wtlh "ilich. in his kl1en. "",,\:.s ,n 0 '.n bt.n .ddresstng I !e,,kC" 10Sttrn ' 0 offer i~lf in. ligh,.IOJ«rn 10 knOll;. and ,,~th
,r:a"
,h.'"..,. lost Ir.n<no·led~"', wlut tI'>aboUI _ 1,.bI••• it )'t1 ts 0\ roo ..... nts to be caLlghl by u' " '"h tU longut m its che~k .nd .b&oIutdy no """mn, bu, ;u spltnJ;d impudom
50 ",.m",. who "''Ould g"" m. Il>ord»' ,h. mO", 10 bite InIO· ()IO). j.lmes
l'Cfel'S 10 Ihe prolagonisl of·n.., Ik:ut in the Jungl." a. """"'hn p«>r""" ,111\" go: [)cad]: • addIng. "My allo .. ed J""dllcnlOll for poor sen,;I;'", gmd"mm aI.
tYIO)l ~mb.>lT".ssei me a. , march' " ("-46). n.., """dike",,,, yot. ...goC ,be ", " With lhe Jul'llrcher. lhe romamir painng off of ~':umc< in lum ""h ,he equ.lIy """Mi",,,," ~helor ~ Slransom. If any. "Ullg an euas 0(g.y poUlt 101M" .Imoo! " rmb.>rruomcm WI IS. hoIo't\l:" ,mled, not as a preleJ:1 forau,horU!..,I(·"",,,,nu,,,. bul '" an apIri'
a condition of hos Ju,'"'y"'g ,lit Jp.!li. liud .\IIbjrct,vi,y Ih>! c~n be m.ue. lertl.cd by absorplio" F(J' th. 'po(lad. ofJ~m..·; perfo.m",i'''' ab""1'lion " P!"'a .. only In 1l:1~,ion (th(Jugh in a mool 00"'1'''''' and uombl. relalion) '" Ih" kning of hi, p',.f(J''''"''''' 11I •• nic.lily: the naml$ismf.h.me dr· cui, beIW""" ,h~ wn,ing ""If .nd it> "innorchild" Im",.",clS with Ih .. other hyperboh< .nd dangerous na",wi"ic €1I"(Uil. figurrd as th •• ,n"..) perf"... m.n,,(. Ih., ~Xlcnd, OUlW;lnl horlWCtn 'he p,.,.."lcd and tl~... (o"c and ill .ud;cnr~ I .m de>'Ck>plng he", lbe hrpo,h",is thai J'rJ'\C>', ""nenions on po" of nrgot;.'~'g ,he fo.mOl;.;ly " 'iII .ppca, moot in ..,rutingly i" his in'crs«l1on be, wo",lopmenl11 (•.g. Art >..11). An eUlllpic of Ihe man: or leiS ""pilei, ""If·d«oouuuction of,,,",,,,, dlifn.. enliob; ... h S«"" ofTht Awt"",J AV, pr«i>' •. n.q .'" Stp;1UI" bt:fore ,"" f... ,. bul ,he ........ men' of arcution indISSOlubly nil''';''' lhem. and lit.: m.>ni.ge. 11k(>Cern oct perform,"viIY. 21 its .ubstance i •• uppoocd 10 me.h ,,;,h it< f"n". gc " , ""cra",onl of t"",, 'I~~; bad enough ,hal. only ~ sc,,'" of words ~fl .. i, has betn pronounced indissoluble. maniaS" 'urn. OUI 10 be ellic.cion. nat '" p,l1ion, inRioion "'lk-n the bound>ry line btnr.un pinur~
u"tle t"'ochery CI'Ute. (JOO) Ch.r>Clcristicolly.j.m .....esthe.k UOl"'" ... ,ion of lJt" beauly of lhe "double I'",.. u"," b< c:quI';,e [n:>chery n"" .. tl>< stroight~st ese< . "'him is .lapk In authort.aJ t",hniq..., .• lapse. he ...p. from 'M "1CtTtic" into "d.. non-scn'lic 1Onn" o . s). at ~ p.l"irular f'ound"ional CTUJ' of the l'IOVI::I; II>< ""'rot in " 'bN:h Sln:ther. whom j>""'" (:lS "-..\,, alre..Jy noted) findllov.ble for h" m,'urity. suddenly become:!: mfatu.,ed wllh a young ""'n. Chod Newsome Chod. """·.'-..r. isdt:Sl1ntd 10 di""ppoint in luming OUI '0 be qU"".1I ordinary. ,,,,If.igr>T;l[1t young 1>lellC)' is the name. n"t for my hool.ogenrouo punly of ,Ilt >pc-«h ;oct ~1 • given 1~1. bul ... ther for ,he i,.,..ducib!e. allachlng heterogeneIty .nd indeed impunly with ",h im each lIl«ts the "tourh" of another.
'oudIing'"
u " \Vh" sho uld also he >-pcrified il 'he i",.gcd ... ual zoninga nd",,~u.1 act in "hkh lhe"" rda,;ollS ... pc-.tcdly d ... nmi." lhemsch... in Ihe In • fOOl""'" to . previou, .....y onJ.me,. "The Ikast in lh. I qUOled from J.mt$'. noofd«p .nd g,,«ful ""'s,ng .. hen. in !he fuJi ,umr=r d. yo ofLlombj l-f\""'1y od,.. ",ul'!' "''''. I $h." lor ahl/, to [plung<J my h. nd. n'r , nn, in. d and r... up 'O!M .hooldh_ lnto tbe, lorn} bog of I'!'membr.ora_
of .uSS""ioo-ofim'gon"ioo-o( ~n _ and ~!J1 "'" n,,'Y little 68"1'!' . nd
,h.,
f~I;c'tty. """ry Imk fXI .nd fancy can be to my pu.post. The.. tI".'Ill II'!' IU ~kN a..-.y. now. thicket th.an I can prno:""tc. dcq>
..""'v ....l; I.m """' II IS th:il . bu! 1M Cott['""[ oftht P"'f..:n bring> ou! I"", DIM' ..!t"ncr' of IhlS ~ of lUting equaUy J1r()J1gly - ..liwces "" blro!O neh DlMr.nd. ofC<MII'X • .also 10 tht wti. ingprO«:U.- n.c.. ",,,,01,,,. fir>!. ,,·c . hl>. and """ond, I"'ttunlion . Onr of tlx: rnQ
,,;,hou, I>clng.~ to .If(rou",,, g'''' """;rul,, pot ... (.11< point ofdistancc and ''''''gum''''' 'r-...."'umion... mudl .. til< poin' Q/".,,,,ibrily) 'o , passogc w... "'" ,~ oocdxlOk entry "i,t. ....hlch I ~gan dw se< '0 h.." apcricnccd ... inuhaUStib!.: li~nl '0 CM:nW. the importance- 01' "ngh'" and KKn< orb.,. ,,-ortb (do· "'roJi.""'1l for ........ 1>rr,,'Cm. .. io. ...... t'ttlo .nd ,"'..., of"'" p ....scn'cd anol c~", ~ phr.ue like ,htS one """ ",fer a, ,he QIt1CC . ilt1CC .o...., "$I",iglll-
.....1ofbcUlg ''''''Y' """" dun at risk of "pc"""",,,- .......g.ruzation around
(propcrOfco,wen. ion:>l ) '''''''''' of ~ from.he "$I""gII. - platt of con· and 10 ,he ",cui i ..... from ly" dBplac-.d and kJ.,',kn,-n zone But. ronfusingly.• hue spo. 0;11 melaphors ",fer to ,I>< in, u,,,I .. ion among ch.1r;oC\ers· poin .. of vic-....
onl)" in
(e.g ..•, "<em"l1 of (''''SCiou''''''''-) but .!.so (.nd qlll10 incommeru"nbly) to ,h" rel.t ion oct wce n t he fo rs, half and the 1.11 or (or• • n ,hropo:>nlOrpni("".I1)".
"'pt"'"
,he ,.,n"" ofplt.o"nl>l)" ughl. Wha,c\..r ,he "Wtu: - nothingis tigll'
U'·"""" (n.", Cll K:t.IIt:ly hottl1 .he ~.. n n,.,.... ilKornmc:~ur;abk in,,1\" gf tM !heater. -n.. lil"$l hill" of • Rnion ,n.iSlI e>.. ron figuring 10 mc: .. ,I>< .ng< Of fur
,he.,,,,
,he ""O!Kl h.lf: j.m~1 writt$. fOr irul3n' 'n Ih" highly ~.h~"d ""y - and m= g("" .... Uy• • l>u, Iht kUlds of~slSl'ncc Ih.llh" n:.ding I suggell he~ may offer '0 a psycho-
'n.lytic ""erp"";",, pro;ca. In her psychuarulyll< wort. on james. ""i' 511 '" rm. n ded. ~ htrsc If (lOr OOX' ""rticu I.. p.u..ge 111 one I"'rtirula. pn:f. ace) wilhng to ·n,k ... viol.ung a fund"nen,:I.ltmct orJamacriticwn_ 'ht '"net Ih" no m:mer """'lundly "'S&"f"'" lhe Moster's language. il c.nnOt h"... sau.1 import" ("Too E.rIy· '65). I'm un''''1r with 00 on lILa, one Un"plllLa, S~\ttr1Un·. ~aW11CS:l' ' 0 hur how vny oprnly sur James's ~focel a~" nude: pos!Jbk only by he. strange lmistrnc:e , .... , ... couldn', ...... knov." 'hey wc~. jamn's crolJc..ed m..lion .0 his .."ri!, ings and clu~c ... 111 her ,.."dlllg. Ii by "uncomc:iou$ dcso n: "',.... ,h.n an org.nlZlI1g C<MUCtOUoncss': •annon:d .g.1t1SI un,,"an ted ..If. knov.'k:~: ja,.,., is di.lg:nosN by Sd,,,ntWl as h,...ing Jus ·def....... • "... _
go'I"...w
grunc.. In ,ht ro",..",· "onal phallic tttOde.• tttOde , .... , "'as K~""1y Jamn ... but mst ..d bea ..... each undel'lll'cm lOr h,m "'hat nl)-.cir. , .... , ·e... m .... r change> - a junelu", betw. "n , ... erotic f.m..,·, ~.!"'~I;On 1"" $t, ."d ...""C OspcCl or upcru of its p",formal"" dimen· ,~
of Jamn'. most chcnshcd ,,-onIs. ~lIy w"',"", 'WIKd to the Y""'ng .uthor',"6n>; fOoIy p~J,t.tnoplUOU'" (JO). Bu, ,..., ... Ir"bsotte - UI ""n)(UI~r. as lo\'U1gly and ;nten:>t· cdly ",d;n,ng 'OVo'"nl 'ho other. usu. lly younger nulc figu .... tions in lhis in.. r /on, ~. person. Id .... ma ,1m ""g and ;nterested ":ill sublimely and r:rhap$ • II1lk f.,uously" (111). The f.t uous "fond· ....... tion of deligh' and >elf. 1'0' eumple, mN f) is one
"Iotn
oued ... If-deKrip,,,,,lY'
dtllgh, .!n:.dy nv,.blc '" t"" C:I.lifOl"ni. journ.1 p..s>ge Ii ""orp ~nd woof OhM f. bric of,..., pref.rco: " ' ncloned '0 retn>e loooe founda,1On . b ....", ,..., hean The ""'m............g on tl>e ....... ofh", ~ I.'e ..... wrily '0 ]"',L/. is con,""ucd to .ociutccollJ"C. '0 ro..."uction
'ha,
a' '"Y OOS!, to driving in dct:p hi. "tTlkal suppor's and 10)'1ng.CTOSO .nd ~rmly fi.ing hIS horizontal . his .... ting pk(e< - ot th~ ri.k of no matte, wh .. vibration from tilt. "1' of hi. m ....tcr·h.mmct. This make< 'he .cti,·~ ,·.Iuc of hi' hosi' immense. cn.hling him. ""h his n.nks protCClL-d. to ad· .:lIKC" (Ar! '09), !'{lnd, 'hen. i, • nod~ whe'" tho Of for ,lut nutt ... .al",.,.. .",•• ,.. ,II.yadd ,h.ollhc more: I scr.,chcd Ihuurf.oa ond pe"", ...od. lroo "",no poICTl' . '0 ,roo in,oIl«1u. 1"o>lnl. I>«.",e this .,rru~ At I•• , .•cro,diltgly. ,h....id uum . ;u r h"..- "lI.d il. re.cl>«.u,", neh is Ih. resull of ~ pTOCQ< of rrcirruJ. lion described ai if i, could go on endlessly. ""Iy adJing '0 Ihe ridUl~" of (wh .. Jam es usu. 1I c. he ......iduurn." ' he Ihl "pieked." "pi ueked" (II " I}j\. or." in ,lit Cahfurnla pa ....ge.nd m""y 0I11"',,- efforl'o gtl In'O II.. ,kin of'he en:'ru",- \0
be ".
b"Uliful inf' '''>lion.- mJud. -II.. acI of pr...,..all"*"$eok. and my gap ... - to pl.y ,he snullh:indfuJ of,-aI ..... reilly for.n 'hey " ..... woI (I'III'n n".
me""" connlIuggko., el(h .. q...and ,n delia""", of ooc', f"I..N ;oJmotutory finger, fully and compktely
'0 eol""'" iudf. (0\" 1]8)
,'CI , hott",,,. ridtIy.he 'otIl "'>pOnds '" iC. th,. cumuLa.".., and ><cumU l>u,,,.I.,.icon -drit,,n ",.ding "''''''.. " a porlleulu, hen« a p:tnl>i of ",. J,ng - not ..,much btx.w.r " .. organil:.d around "suuili.y· as because il I~ org;rnized .round the scn .. nlic unl. To 5:ly ,ha. "is te.hered.o.he os much a. f.cil'l>1cd by • ",.drug .hat indulge. or hO ."d pleasu",s dw;.mng h"",,~t ~Iy .round the fi>1ing pham>Sm •• ic: th.", a", Aickersof Ihe ph,lIu., Ihc WQ!l)b, ,he pr<m ••• , ... " 'eU .$ Ih. bo"'d and "WI: Akke,., belw""" >!c. dy .nd cl"" ••• ic rh)"h",s. be''''''''n In",rtI,,, • ",1 Il.'ecpli"",, between ac~umubllon and rdc.5
un0\" aU.he "'plkll""" ofJ.mc•• particular er
a ple's beh,..;or to\>·.rd oll~ .. lf Thus. ontralC' gie • • im£d directly ., gening tid of indIvidual Or group shamIn:IoS on , ruth.tcU,ng abou, sha"",; and. of coww.
:.ny m.nyOthc ...) The fOml$l. kn by sho"", arcnot distU1Cl "tOllie" f"~ of. group or individual ;de",;ty that "'It be clrtscd; they .'" ,n,..:ad tn
«gr.l lo .lId ....idu.1 in the proce""", by which ldenn,y. itself is f~ed. They .1trusglyneu.* Evcryone: l<no\I... Ih., , .......... son,.. lesbi.n< and g.y ,nen who rould ItC'o'Cr coun. :l< queer ' nd o'hor propl. who VIbrate ,he chord of quur W1lhoul h.ving much "nt< · ..,x ero"d'm . Or wilhout routing the", •• m e·sex eroticism Ihrough the id e"'i,y 1.b"I, lesbian or g.y I'e< m.ny of the penorm.,i", idenmy ,,,. n~cul..,.. th.t .. en, n'OSt rKogntubly "Hushed" (to u>C p.mc", wonll " 'I,h ""'me cono";ou.""", .nd sh.me '"' .tivity do du.. ertm lnutely around Ie.. bi' n a nd gay worldly s~.,. To namconly. f......, bulch aItjrction. femmi·
'0
'odhN -I
~rndy Iwd til< m.n"."o 'Iook ",,·I.r>
0I.:I...., ...k.
.....
,hor m""",,,my .... of ..... p>d !nu...,..rwl "'nn< ""'>< ~ "'" of "'" ......... : tint. tb.I! to. dod _ ...... ~'Iip ., til< C,.;t .n.. br dtote wr cannOt coo.«""'""- we C.llIlot hallow this I(rnund.
"Rut. in • IHgcr SCtlS •. v,,, cannot d"diC"~te - we CiUllOl conseCrJle - we Ca"nOl hall"w thi' ground: I begin with this :Ie",once'$ on. ofth. belt· known tx.n,plcs of 3 kind of uttennce. arly not p"rf,." rn •• i,,, un" ... ",..,. """" though (or. J am '''!;g0.,ing. cnClly bteall..,) th c.plici, ly ",fer '0 cxplid'pcrforn,.,,,,, ultcr,""e••. J am '"'"'' gOIng [0 mit the AU'linism of ;0.""""8 a "",,' no."., fOr criptrfo'm31i,,, UII.n""rs o..,n·, juslabou, P'" form. Ii"" ullcnnca in • rctf:ffn" ..I ... nstc: Ihq d''''er around tlltm.1hq aR' ""ar 'Mm or nt.I. 10 lhem or (..,..'ding ~oirut them, IMy .... in the neighborhood of 011< pcrformolh't. Ukme of .h. n\Ofl IIuhbo,n of lhe: issu ... he."lom artlcu",Icd O:ed and 10c>lperfor nlalj,;,), jj .1110 hkdy 10 off.r $(Ime neW COIICel'",al'ool. fr moving back .nd forth beN~n 'pe"ch act l!Ieo')' and lalking dr:Inuturgiocalperfornunc,,: idully. i. m.ghl ....,,, nukC ' .~.~ " •.~,'" as wdl .. the act of uncr.,lr) ncctssanly in'uk •• COnK"'m~1On OS nnbod~ in Iht LICk of a formub,., ""gall'" ""1"""".0 "''''g dom! or '0 bctng u".rpdb,cd 0$ "'It ... ", '0 ~ d ... · In d.", ;,.n ""plicit peno.n.al"": to not ]I< d>n:d, to un
d,,,, ncs''' ~ ...... the firs, n.,urU.ic device: of th.>., ph,losophy .he el .... of .hongs (ou,!be 'pp"rcJ111y ,,:.. unl w.y the tin'·pcnon >pe>king. K\U'g. and poonllng ...b ;m. g... comtitu,cd in rna..,.I," ,hrough. ronfiJ"nl 'W. lto .....'c au· .hom}'. ,hrough the calm .n,erpellation of ",hen ~n' •• . hr",'gh thelgic of the {hc.eroKXU.l )supplcmem whereby ind,,;dual
"w.,,"".....:
."d
. ubj«';"" agenc), is b'UJr.ntced by .he welding tnto' cross-gend •• dyad. The ... bjen of "t do " ' s an "1- only iI1$<Jf.r •• he or she . ....1111 in becoming 1"" I1f . . .nctioncd. cross·gende. - we" SO const;,u,cd '" , ..... f""C5Ce of a -'hey": anJ lhe I "Jocs. - or h .. 'S"1lCJ In the m." ... r. only by ",u. lly mysti(for ","Inch no pronoun ohultJS) fying.,-, ....",;de..llfic•• ion v,ith 'he: of >Ute "'SI"'gg!cd '0 anin.il ••~ IU frit:nds or f~mdy "'by he: or <M ""'"" them bul jusl J.,...,,) ''''~I 10 Irr~, I~n. ,.....u'''l kno-o.. from ,he !poti.lized d yn.tmicof compulsory wi'"eSSlha, 'he mor,,~~.. u,emon~
'lUi""
;nv
""'''''gr,&'",
.l w. )"' nell . bu,;, i, .rue 'h" I. ltJ """." lik~ " pl~y. "'"rri"g.gqoo.-cy or snrify>ng Kend rha. nltn" .. b' • • I'I',,,"SS , ..SCI 10 be a p:lC'UdoseCrcl or.n "pen ","efCI .nd beeom.. u,·"a _ ' . bond of m u,u, ln y witl. """,W'''' OUlJ.dr ,hc ",.rn.ge: ",hen ...-om.n ~, or in,illlates tor"1IClhmg obotI, "ner nurn.gprnd :an .fiern""" aJoo", ... Jlh hcr on ,he ~vc o fm. marri.ge 10 , nI",",r "''OmlJn. - I J",,', c. ",,, h., you m,ku,(it . • nd I dun't .,lony,hing "+o..",,.o[you .ny,hing bul 1M. 1 .... n. '0 N'''' oaid ;,-tho, '• • 11; 1 wonl no< 10 Iu...- foiled lO .. y iI . To _,.... once.nd bt ...nh you. '0 bt ...." an: ....... arod ......
USOOpthout tht leaM [.,JUrt of..".. or "qu 1"'''''
"'.... 1>","''''ion, bul ..nh", mus, m""'" cl.bor.,01)· .thwart il. in e,'N''''!: • ,"once , me , She parodies «n.;n f.aru"" of Ihe m .. n.ge \"Ow.
i" p. nieu!>r, 'he ,lippery int'phd,n"" wilh " 'hieh, '" ""h c' ''', .n'burg AdJress.nd Thr (;.,ldn; &nil will ,ulliof,nlly h.,,, ilIuSlra,e
docst,·,
.boo,
II>< pc:rfurm.",.." th.1 lhough II has a cen'e' and a pc:nphcry. 'M 'P"-,,..r logic of .he pcnpcrfor"""i'-': is nO! a logic nf ."nple ."enu>.ion. Tha' is. . Ithough the p"'>1iS" of ,I" neighborhood COllIeS from it> pnnirru'y to
'''y
." ~~rhd, pt-rfo,m •• i,,,,.th.l p"':IIige. or m.y Ihal rhclarial lOre•. d1 ",:Id.... "'",embering IMftirl DttmtJ~ .nd tryi" g 1(> gi"" ." acCoy", or~'I rs. Cl,.hcrs lello •. would w.nt to pa"phr.se il as ..,ying ""m"lhing Itkc "1 gIV" you ,h" diamonds . • nd r OJne you-; y.t the leuer ,,~"'I to ..,tne Iynt~"ir kn,,~h. to "'Oid "Ih... formulnion and to pre .. m i,,;,:lfinllo.d in tM frankly composilc. mock'conomh" form of' ,he I"'ril"'rform"uvc. 11'1 not euy to s.y ,,'Ily tM.c I"'ril"'"",molO'''' would potcntlh.n II>< I"'rfornlative f'TOP"" On. n:uon mighl ~ hen: ~ .hat ,hey dram:nitt (""11 .. Ne>l Htn . n:r;,,, 10 u J 1M pa.1>o$ of u"" ...... n ."",ney. ""hc. III ... occru,hng it as 1M ,""pI;"'1 pcrfurnu,,,," .1""", musrm.l;vc ...,Iulloo. on ,he ",her hand. requires .nd ~li~'u no tkmyottfytng ~ruc"on of,,,"'ncy by .nyone else_ "11",,", d,.nlt)tLd •. wh "h "'cre 0t>Ce gio..", wnh o""'nt love to Lydia Glasher. she pa tn: an o:oril!'1 tn! and unc:anny .gency: nott thr double displaottm0 ru....,-in lhe ""~ "illotury tffi.,. of my >J"'(IJ ""'y b0 much more
""Ii••
'I""UlSI. r .S " 1",'Ok•• the il""i.1 .nd thc analogic - .00 h .. mon: '1";,,,
"""""i%er'1ionS ur " ..." ring I,bar. an intem,in.ablc: cemponl"y unJe",,,ncd by hopt •• complex ip"t"'locy un.aniolLo,N by IO/'cory. nunu"". or the ground. of agtncy.
H,,,,,,,,
51.,..,: "
. ,he o"t hyperlrgiblc. hyper",I"io"a!. cmp",h.,icolly" wdl . o seru· ,n'o II. hYp, io""II.OOrof """n!"" in lh.--wy~..J SJ,,''t')'. com.d"n:d Amcrk.n .tr...ry ,he k,nd of iss .... th:It one m.... """. full)' "'rrcstn, both Iidt:o of Ounng ~k"".)"5 """"ricon rour of '!I>J. he nm only ",f"sed 10 .Ilend . ......" nurk., in Richmond bult""d to keep Iris ....reI"'1 from do"'g 00 U w~U : ooc fe"",,..,..,.uloion. bu, from Ih. Ie...of J."".&U'& tl>pen..cloe - Io ,. k• • judgmenr.I"'ll<e . gai"", sl.a''''ry (0_ Thom>! tJ3). Thacker.y nonethelus m.d" thc moS, of lhe forre of ,urn i""ge! •• rhey ",fle1 as • lode of rht,onnI .-ne-rgy • h''< "",d fk ,m
' , . , 1lQ{-'"
burnmg indlgn;t'..,., of. hun;!rW ...-omen. "rong in p'!$K>o.ho-o..., 0fId ()/fn.,d .n;! ... mlM",ded. motl>pe0,.., ,,'m. md ""h Ius ""'n ....,., of ....-onh. md II.. p""..... ofhiJ money; .nd I hopt i, nuy .....,,,tlwJllOint h,m. I h:n... not ,-."""..1and f"""'S,,,dl So for, .ltis is 'he .w,d.rJ-;s.uc €(llnp.rison of n,.m.g.kc'. Ilu, one of'lM: 'hlllg. ,h., eon,"bu,.. '0 ,he rorr. ofth" clemen, ,n {)')",hq ~",I s.", is ,h.... lthough I)"'UN 01..",.1 ,hi: Victorian tropum
''''''.nJ ,....
:Ia,. . .nd
act of.he AI. of li"""" he .1,,-, dtffettd from . .say, Tlu.c . __ . of A"...rice a" he .. scenes and using hIm a. a PU0 'n unuJU"" dtgr«. !I'. Ih .. 1"u "'ould O('• ..;"ly jurpri$c me if,h.>, "" ... )""roo,,~: "I IY,.. no nk:»:l)," 10 ''''1'. I...,,.. upon h"""",.: ooid Mr. c.rt..r. "lIu, I ,h.. I..>dl'. on my " •..-n ""....If.• '0 rdIea upon
whi"'. Inpp:d 01 "'''I)' turn. Is lI)'ing lOnt.how 10 get Inttage ag.o.",.
my ptrl'w
helpkJ>l~
her person Or dlgruly or ""T,lmg ber hdpb>nas 10 Caro:r; m.:Ilrying al lbe ""me ,ime 10 _1«.1 &om both of them her I..... moe"" of pro. ,ceting lhe ooc penon >lit 10\'1 Oombty·, ncgl«ted daugh ....
g ..ph
t ,h.>, l"'" do not: cried I>lr. Oombcy, ~"I'F"ns ,h.. noi .. kss gen,lem.n in hi< ""hdra" 'iI. · Mr. C."""r. m.dam .•• you know.~. my ronfuknc.:: He is as ,,-ell atqu.un.d a. my .. lf ""h ,he out.;ro on ...'hich I ~.k. _ "I "'k you: ,he "'pe'IU, bcnJing hc-r disWin{uI ... ~y S"" upon rum. "00 you know !ha, ,he ... 1$ ""'......., ~ .....r -I mo" .n' .....: po.! Mr C.rk h,,,,,,,,If,,, [utlh:
"\ h"" p .....
tn,,,,,,
1./." nigh, •• nd the ''''I"".oM"y of my ;r,oidio~ ,be ........ ,luI "'.. forctd upon me In a "'I)'p'mful occasion. ; SC\.. ,.J p>n. mfm,e~ in
Wh.>I' ,ub '0 berrroud hun. '0 >&1 there,
f~
10 f..: ....... h han. and
...... n hN Ioa'hing of. or ,urn '''.'y from! !iooo' .h.>me. "'.....".... and f"'"'OII .. gcd ...-"hin her....·h.n, upnght and 1tUJ&i< in hrt be.... ,y be/Orc him. she
kno ...· Soon
,lu, '" h.. >pin' "'" ...... do..." ., "" fen! (~99-"" )
.,,,n ,he p,,",cn.., of n..,;,.1 d&:f.ret>« is brexhed
,he h.,lng ,e"";"n of'hoor .truggl. do"" lIot ~ghtcn.
bcro.·~n lhem. ye1
-S,,: Ild"h .. gO0 '0 .lfron' me. wh"" yuu know _ l du know 1\ heuer. ,It, .. _ ,h" in pl . .. of . lfeetion be· 'W"e" u. ,hIi.., " f !!Uri,a) wi,,,,, .. with "'hteh w i$ con'inually uW by boIh hU>blnd and would·bt 10>=. Esp«i.lUy 00.", aU seem Ln:.t ....hen she actUally. htenlly elopa .CTOM !hr thn:shold .nd rulinn to rtnunt )'QU m. k•. - ,h. fin.lIy ."kulate'10 him,
"'Iu.
'M"
- I h,w my 'riumph. _. Uoa>!. and rc'~ng. me on hltnl ,"uti know how you r'm< he", to-nigh,: you know how you>l>nd"""[ it . "..,1"" r.I>ely-,ha, you ):."OW" 'oo_.nd!ha, he: doeo non ... gnilicantly from 11>< 5«"" of,hr m,"Olun=yuhibIl10n and salb..:"
l. Thor gnndmuenulo be .m"... n ..,,,· htn ,,·hen they go '0 1,,,,, In lhe Nonh. th """"",.1>0", b.""wn
"'''t"...,
Ih" of and sbvc:s.. 9 With the ~8" of ,1>0 Fug""'" SLn." Uw in ,
t'"
.so. p:obs.. ,housh
hv,"s: in Non". become. once ag.,n subJect 10 ,he Sotlthern ~.. n·g'rding'I ....,ry. 10. JacO)h", ""'ne.di,,.; his widow and child",n ",wk. ' 0 ",UP'U'" h,,· ,I Northe rn friend (Comelia WiU;..) offers to pu""",,", h .. j.cobs. "'pudialing 'he equ.,l"n .,f being fltt ""h bemg pun:hal.cd by - the right peTSQn.- ",(uses 10 be pu",h:Hed in th .. " .• y. bu, , ... fnc:nd pe" ..... ,n her nq;ori"ioru ~nd.
"''''''''''Jacobs·, cooucn,. ~ In
preh;,sing hn J.cobs w"'", of Ibis moment. -My t..art "'" acct:< · "e, of human ownership. a. contkllS"d 1n. roUlimud 1""'''''.''011 of1o)·-
Ii""
Ilty ."'y. -1bcglO ",n,ai" "",'''''''Went se"",n' - _ ,upp:lCd ,., iruulal" ........ amng from Iht pl.," f:act ,h;" .ome hUm:ln bemll$ ...., .... in fact. in tl.!S. '" ........ pit .... • nd "'" in oel'cr human bemgs.
"""'n. hoIh Iogally and riI"«Iu~Uy owned by
II p.rt o f my mO"'" in IhlS chapter h"" been ,., upkm: h""" one com· plex and !,rot r'~c\cJ h' >I,,,,,,.1 CnmC. the holding of African .nd AfTie.n· dcd , I, ves in Ihe WCSIC rTI Ilcm"pherc. gOTCd i,. m~rk (highly dlf· rc"""i.lly) 011 'he muo", of mc.ning th., " .... re posstble for .nyom i" '.. po:ril'"'form .. i,." amhl1. Whelhe. Europe.n or African·dcso:enJ.C
,,( p!; .. alikchhood such 'ca'ms m"tch", mUll ~ .llemptcd cwn 'hough 'hey mayamphfy the echo "f "'""ry ugly incongrui'y-Indeed. c.."n where thAt homil~,k poin' ma)' "0' ;,..,lfhc Ihdr ",.in olle.
""'".,,11< ..
,~"" .. iu< " _ , h J" 0< 110 '" 1lflb.. boUt.-
""" fuu1< '"1-'1 eI" FIolends into hi"ory and . nthl'1lJ"'k>gy: Iheory .ft.. Foucault .nd C",,," bbu . • ftc, F",ud and Lac,n. aflO' !.t"i·Str.u<s.• f,cr D.rrida. "ft.r r"mini.",) when i, off.D "ny account of hum.n beings or coltun:s: The disI.n« 0/' any web account from • bioloj;ical buis is ,"""med 10 m=I' I. nc .. p..,rudy \\;1111" I'
' J a "",dopm~nl>.l 'ekls or os ~ ""~rous illusion ",crtdit.Uon. y"" don'l ...," 10 bo, long "'" of theory kindtrg.f1t11 to m.k. mincemu, of. lel's ""'y. a psychology tha, ~nds on .he 'itp"r~,e e>:isl~n« ol.igI>' (only SQ4ne,in, ... il'. nine) distinct affeell hlrdwin:d intu Ihe human biological
g«"'
sys'~m .
reI we c~n'l convincr ourlCI,.., ..... ,. fur ,,,,,,an« . • he fOrmid.Wly rich phenomcnology of emo,ion, in TomklllS is in any acciden,al or 5ep"",bk n:1~lion ,0 his highly su>f'c'1 scicnl'.m. If .n)'thing. hi' .demi~m 5(:cm. '0 in .erp in· cl",.. blyd.",d and ,hot "'..... Marly fi"t"Sh a. print. mar t.... ,he
""".1
.bou.
On" conjoin l of affec, cH"« .. we upcricnccd on .he ....r 10 bo,rornir , dJic'.-J to n:.ding Tomkins: his wriling exci.ed .nd c~lmcd. hupin:d .n ",nlell,n!. Oncc. Or\< of u< fell asleep n:.ding and aftc ........ rds , j-
ttpI.,....
"I oflen 1,;rur >re. lions of .......mit. Structur:l1 rrpctirion is r.",1y eua... ' '''''Y- and -'an" .nd lhe phraKJ in ,,-flich ' hey 'ppc>r .hem.te wi,hout .pparent p;!lIern in • ~ragr:lph w~ rhy'h"", ",mind one ofCertl'\ldc Stein'$. .flOmCT wri~r whc ceminly knows the plcasumI of Ii...;
,ho,
Ii""
If you 111:0 to be loolttd", and 1 to look at }'nu . ...., may >Chi.,..•• n en_ jy.bl e i'""I"'""", . 1 relationship. If you Irk. .n ..Ik .nd I like 10 lim," '0 you •• Ik , Ihi' ,o.n be m"!WIlly .....·.roing. If you liltt 10 fed .ndooch "'...... If you ,,;oh.o be lik mt and I ..-ish [0 Ito,.. you imitate mo. " .. can enjoy ....h Othc,. (Affic of vary,"" in,,, .. ,,,.nt.< in u"" n, '''''t he. t)'p< "fin'.rpt.", inlo my q-u. bu, I .. hit"", in' imao:y only in the dart. in >cxu.l.m . braee_ You wi>h '0 be ftd and rarN lOr. • nd I ""oh .n uhibi, mpelf and be ~...w at. You ..ish to be hup and to h.a... your 'kin rubbed. and I "i.me. In • K>,1nns Sl~nlt ; for lMir shorpnology and poychology . hal " " fi f'M cnrotmtenod Tomkins; to the drg= IIw his work h•• been popuJorUcd. lt hu been as oft"enng a kllld of origin myth (in .hoe ..h. me of.he inf.n, ) fon ~ncrk ruma,i,,, oflhe indi,;du .. ion.nd 1iIi...1on of. ",If. Tomki",,', thwry of affect origiruled with his dose obstrv.1ion$ of an Inf.n, in '95S, and he _ allk .0 Ioca.e c.rly upr.,..;on. of Wmc at • period (. round iIr\",n mon,hs) befon: the: infant could h.,,, any cneqK of prol>ibition. A$ C~P"" clJ>bins. manyd"...,loprncn .. 1 ps)'ChoIogisa, "'spending to ,hi, finding. now consider sh.n .. the affm lha, moo, defines .h. "P'« wh"", in a "'n.., of ",If will tkvo::lop. In Ihe '''"tal of an ~a relations de"'~'I'nlCmal n.rrati,,,,. Ihis USC ofTomkiru is ,.I... bI. a, one of the ",pe"'~re of ways 'hat ,u,h • ~ychology hJ.s of di, lik. '0 rc:.d f.ceo .• . f, ,, wilh Prou.t. He more Ih.n C0.., pench"".. " ..".. embodied. .hrotIgh eX''"'.g.n .....goti .. ions among ,he: di>"' ...... «>mpeting ~incsCl0 Ikvclopm-cnd dilfe.-ena" (l";7). " It i> enjo).hle '0 enjoy. It is ud,;ng '0 "" noted. I. i< terrorizing.o ~
.n..
'errori?e.! .,Kl' ''s~rins '0 be: an);"",d. "lfec, Is ",,1f-v,lid.';ng with or with· ,"" . ny furth", ..,(,'",nt- ( l:~). h is thes.c: .p«ific.rioru th.t m.ke . ffeq t~"ry .uch • us.c:fulsite (or ",.istan« '" .deologiCiiI pn:lUmptions of th.
m.ny M>t1. hiJlorically tmbcdd«l in .he diocipline. nf p'OIum .... T",nkinl', L..s. di<prn:blc Locution, least p;,"ly (rom II>e highly eonlpk., higloJy uplici. b)'tring of b;oIogic.1 and machine models in his undtrst.nding 0(.1It human bring. An carly 'Iuestion for him W;1S -Could one design •• ruIy hurn..anoid mao chine?- Ru. c,,*, ",ading of. pusogc discussood in I .... in'roduction >hov.., tlLa •• I>e COll"'pt "machinc:- W;1S • complu one for Tornl~ in pro:tect ..i\houo: \he ronl models. and "..;, .rgue for l ilt g",at ronco:p!U.I ,,,Iut of tlli' h.bit. If it scrnu 10 "rhy""": 51ructU"Uy, ","h ...-1La. ""~ h,n", already referred 10 iIS his h.bit of 1a)'Cring biological " 'ith rnxllint Of compu .. r ,nodtboftlle human beinS. "'" mUSt nontt .... lcudo:pr-ea .. ( iIS ,,-ould Tom· kll" ~nd indeed .ny SY5ltm. theorist) the fun ..... homoLogy tlLa. might .... nlify Ihe m.chtnt or compuler wilh digiraJ ~n .... ion. and tht: bio1og)C~1 organism ",ilh a .... logical tC"(""""m •• ion. The..rn homology mao
chi .... : Jjgit~1 :: animal : ..... Iogic:ol (and concomitan' pmikging of lhe
multipl< _ mhlil'! of Yo..ying oIoS"''''' '" ,ndcpcndcncc. depcndenct. in.erdIC 'n I'" diMinct <W!J;""'C .fftel, oh~"",. o",iolr, boredom. "'~'Cl_ Suu.lity is no Ion&"" an on /o ff ma"~r ",ho$t ''''0 poosibil;n.... r$tat or. neuron . 10 lrigg... n on/ olf . witch , wh.",., p", ..ni or
,""';'1 of
",u,,1forin~
Tom kin'. Il>rory of alfte" ~fkcting ~n in .. llectu.1 momtn, close to Wilden', in ,hi> """y, cltptnds on. numb.. of diFrc~m kind. of crossing bf'w«n .n.1og and digi,al forms of rq>re>en""ion, For elWllplt,
l>by " .. dd~r dixt.wion of ,h~ f~.r. dist ...... and ""ger , .... ,,-ill bf ughl~r wi,h "'hkh scicn· 'I~c rc.d.,.. tod.y "'oy rcgiitcr ,he ~duving nf '""Jog.:. propriocqKi''''. and in,(rpm.;.... - causes, dfffiS, fecdbach, moIi"" .. aa.,g·,um .... moods and,~ along with distinct ,ran.i'OI')' physinl ot ,...m..I .......... Ag.' .... ''''' bcIuv. iori>U, Tomk in. con.is'~nlly argue. ,ha, ",""·.n' ."mulu. for ,m, affffi »"S,rm indud... in'e,nal as "",11 a. e", .. nal e'..,m .. concluding firmly ,h., IMte I, no basis. and cert.lnly not 'he b.,i. imernal '"uus e.lern,]. for a defi. ni,ional distinc,ion between ",.poo' an C,I. pcrimcn,al seri
II)' "cyberne,ic fold" "'. me.n lhe momen' when scientiM,' understanding of til< brain.nd other li(. proce.... is marked by ,h. concepl, ,he posoi .
nol,,),. ,he i"'mi""' ..... o( pow.rful.-omput.". but ,he .c,u.1 computational muscle o( ,t.. MW crnnpu,e", ion', ..·.il.ble yet. The cyberMlir (old. llIen. .. ,he momen, of ,y"'(ml theory _ and .bo. in • dirtetly .. b,ed bul noo: ,.km k al ""'",Ipm,""I. 1M "ructunlist momcm. Indeed. pan of ou •• ;m
'n,-
"'.i....
,/ut, ""M'
lu mem mo,e dill~"'nt .nd m"", inlcre"ing 'hin~ ,han h"" sUf'o;,"Cd it> sled: lr.j'c,ory int pon'\ructu",li,m.' We .rgue ,hat ,~e early cybernctk ,..,~i(m of ,he br~in as • I"..nog"""o"•. diffcITn,;"lo/t bu, not origin;olly dif_ fignif,,~nt; thot $U~"ion or ~r. unlimited uten. m.rks Lh. impC'"ra.ion that could sugges•• machinelike inlerch.n~.bm.y of p..... in Affro I"'~P'? C~ if it didn', more "rungl)" c\"OI\e the: fM,ho< ofblo"hgt' and ic:s O'I~rcoming. the ps)'dtic crortocnits of{... T"mkins calk) ".fflumc:c rcripU. - ·pc.(q>tual grted.· and ocr.......... l wming I"""""yof ~rc •. ohal.he ,.,on. o~ SO ""'n)' "'-ow .ffordmtts for urnkm.nding. Th. cpithe. -fold- ..ems .pplic.ble tu ,he (ybernetic momC11. p"nly
.Ila,
·Ila.
bteause systems theory. pred,ely .hrough iu .ropism "'..... rd .he imagn:5C11latiom leapfrog or in.erl • .,,, ai,h one another...·h.t maw the: unrxpcoed faul, lines be,"'""n rtgions of.he cakullbk .nd II", !able (destined 1o ;nm ch ..... 'heory). and ... I"orth. When: cogni';"" P')l"'",nt through and through from .he point uf vie",' of cognition. when: bth. viorism has tried to do th. SOme fron'lhc point of "ic"" ofbthavio~~1 -Qu,_ome." whe,.., p>ychoanaly.is h.. prufi'cd from ,h. COnigntd in .his early monw::n, '0 teach it..lf ...... '" ir.t'N r,,-d.dythtOUgh' Pn:>CU$ of .ri.l . nd error. Its .hco"'lical principl~. ""nt ,upp.ed oI»oleKe",,< .... ilh the ''''''rgt:nce of "ully rnon: powerful ",,,,pule.-slo ",emerge only ",,,ently under the rubrics of conoccrinni.m .,Id p.",lIci disnibu,ed prore..ing. A, Tomkins wriles . • truly fOrmidable
i,,''''
hum.nlike m.chinc ,,"QulJ in .n proI:W>OIity mjuire • ",lativdy helpless inf~ fOIlo•.-ed by • growing competence tbrough its dilldhood .nd adoIeKence_ In d.on. io. ,,-ould "'qui", 'i.... In ....Inch to learn how to Ie.rn 'hrough ""king ermn ...d corSto .. ,on pie....! wi,h pn:cuci.y in hi> "",alions. ,... """n as he has be..,. .ble to ""..... , • • human ach ............. into SI""L •• p" and dectricity. he if dtligh<ed with the pe"o...nance ofhi> br.ain doiId.. Such pn:rocity CS$tntially SUO ...""'... "",. =Iin, to .he hnl;"I ability of hi> .utOrnOlon. (AJf«I t: ,,6)
r."•.
T"mkin.emphasi,..es .h .. .ho introduction of Of'.cily ~nd ~rror .' the ibilititS fOT being wTOng
about . n "bj~ct - and, implic.ti,,,I), .• bout oneself
.,,. Bu' to ",tUrn!O Figure ,. It is important Ihat the man~·-,·.luedll"" of lhis , n. logical system refen to mo>rr I!.an but alpecta
ton" tion, i, 1TUClOd rather ,h,n natur.l. I . Iso .«u me that t h. ,!'?' rtm n"' u" I""" of bodiI)'''' nWiun or. ffcct ;, i,,,, If • coo"ruoion. Like "". u.1 i'y and mher phy,ie>1 proce...", affect" nu' a p,-.,-discu"i,"t en'i')·. ' f." ,h.. is olien oh..-urtd hy the ",,,.,truc,ion of . ff"clS Or bodily """,",,,ion... NIUr,l .... rurthermore. if affcct;,"" r",pon"" .re not •• naw",1 a, .hey ...,m to ix' , ,I>< (On<truction of . ffeel" natu,,1 migh' ",'.\1 be p.a" "r,l>< di>lural" .hould d.im the ,IO'u, of' ,heory. Unle .., ,ha, i.. pre· ';",Iy IhM specification ;, tod.y understood to con.d,u," a'1)1hing" 'heor)". Ra,her , han broaching or,ummarit;ing an .ctual theory of . ffea. the" sen tene,", in>le . d ",heuriu: affee," in the stnse of rounding up affect .nd herd· III g it in 10 'he big t em of wh at is alre .dy unde"t ood '0 coos,i, '" e t he hod)" of Th"or)'_ T he !>rJnd on lhat body is relen'lessly legible : "'heory"" h., become .IIl'''>' 'i"'ply ;'. re.;d", in its abili,y t challenge ,«ulllp'ion, abou, 'n>tu",' " (~j" • • ). Its 'u!;gt>led in th~ in,roduction. 'hi' ",n...,·c . ntibiologi,m might be "'p'·rt~d to co'Komi, wi,h sc .u1(d principk; of C""ku.-i€h·.
work : ,. Fouo uJdj:m "'p",c,lio... of ",he" "'1'",$1;"" hypothnn" ",ill..., traJU. formed vinually iru'.n,:mrou. ly iro,o bin;lri«d. highly rnoraliK;.: .Ikgolirs of"'" sutJ"",..;,." ,,,rsus .he I>cg.:rnonic. rnisI.ntt '''"''" p""'er. - If .!feC( is hiIlr.II'ISfornution an. by no mc;\tU gu.;>rao.ecd" (I); ..",., Vi€.
1ting ligh'en¢lonl. Ch .... "~ri$tioll)". fOo- iJ\s" nce ..... IItscrics .flec mucb ckducIi", ,,'Ork th>.. F",dric Jam~·. dISCUssion of mH$ cuJ'Urt'" -sus·
$t"'''
piOI fin.lly be ' heory ifil made any zJ 'Ullin is 3\.. ~.bJe
.ha,
,oday o nly in 50fT\( ",I.>tion 1'0 biological modeU .• nd the cunccpc. of l~nISt emcnt"lism I..... adhe= '0 digi.. l models is "'uc.,, ....>d diffen:n.1y from .he .,.."",i.li. m of .h..... Iog. But... this monIC"'. i, is problbly.U.he mort d.>nl!"rou. for ,h01 _ p",c;",ly '''I«""",
wi'"
_on
part of the "rom""""",n"," cooucnsus of CUI"l"\"T1' 'heoIulat~ onlyo generals..", oh isCCl"aJ .10....1woo ttKeuary for the .lp''',.rICC' of emotion: I-C_ rhar dill"efCt\, emotional ape';el".' orise OUt of Ihe sa"'" ,-;,.ce ...1 bKkg ro.md. Ne.. ~ o.. utMd ,hat, gl,.. n a of viKcr.J aruu .. l. an indioidual will dcKribe hi;
,or""
,,> in oftl,. cogniliu ... (lhuul..... ,.. pa>'
.0
ou' .l"OUS>l is inlini,dy m.U .. ble by • fuUy "(\II,u ... ,ed oognili'" f:>eulty. :Kcoum "ill JOUnnd r",~lcirnnl bodily e'Knee. one: peculia.ly unartku!'ted by mUOuttS Of l"O("O$(s ;,wolvi"g inform~,ion. feedh:ock .•nd <ep.....-n ••• ion. T hose 'rc .ll.nribulcd. in"ud. 10 a diJrit>C1. disembodied .•nd .empon.Uy "'g' "'S.IIed "cognition: For all i,. . nribc:haviori .. in.. n.ion. ouch "" ""cowu rkpcnrls in.plkldy on the .. ria bc:h.viorist scgr.. conc'1"u.1 "g""V'''''''' hutr\.1niJr COmmon Jerue. 11 would be pl.>usihlc 10 s.... • , •• C'y of , ,,..,,,rieth-century rheort'ie.J
cons""''''
language. ,II ."..,mpli. " 'ilh rhis one, 10 deloxify ,he ucC»CS of hody, tnought , and fro1ms by ~docing ,"" m .. l"p'" .-n,i.1ist risbof ana·
ema,,,,,
log n:p"' ... ot.,in '0 ,he ,iogle. u"" ..O\'''~Y ....",'i.IUi of one or another = , ofh"·ilch. We don', ..,,'" 10 minimize ,he importan«. pruduc_
"'''0
" 'ha, nn be .he .mazing .ubdety of, hough' ,ha, ""k.:s 'hi. •""ness. or form, lIu. i,', "ill like a snMer oreopior ,h., C;rn reproduce any .....,rk of Oft in .¢.ooo ,hades of g"'Y' How",.". infini'esimally subtle ilS di$(riminatiotu may be. thert art crud.1 knov,'lcdgry u>umes. as w~'", pi(!. ,hrm' li'" force. or ,he possibili,y of ch ange . Indctd, we",.., been ' rguing tha, ,hey may be irrtplaccably cruci. 1 forKct .. '0 certain impornon' of diff't",tKC. Thert is not. choKe ..·.iling '0 be m.de, in tvalua'ing thc"",fical mOlkI$. be"""ttn H$Cn .... lisnt mil no . . .,uialism. If lhert:' a chuict: if is be''''"«T) dilfertntly Ion~d 10 do p - WillI
.Iu.
""'''tlhing " ., h. ""n'. hem able~" lU Mgin Itt",: to YJo,..""",. p<m:ctly Tomkins und<m iI~oob.MflIO"'_ '~. ," ,I>< .b ....... of Tomklno·, _'. < !>«1
1'""",,.,.....
""'t! ",., ".
Tl .. ", "" . Ju1u v.'hok Ill< ..,.. min, r..,. ,,(.n Ery
'oAfIrn
• .o.n ~"""'~ upllrit n.ompl< ,,,If.nJ or"'" i> tOt , ... momoI'.l, .. ,lory ...... mcOON 10 th. bdrprnJ<m ",1M >y>t<m. of """"'''5 In -",·",n" ""hut ~ on .... mpt ' ' ' _ funl'>< ...........oio«I1Iy ADorn " -""'PI< _ ~ from • ..1o - ' ." in ~k. E,.....-". .. >7 .. Wily. n '", born ..u.J. _ . fino bool .. "".................""",,,,,,,,,,, "I!o-
01_, "'" .............. to. Itt"'" """ fa. c ....... ~) ... "'hcrm.on.u"""" ••nlly ..«rN .. 1lItot """'''''''01......,...... _ "' . ... "",, , .... ocfu 1Iy ....... (ond,
~....,.. ........Iy
"""""""* b- .hnr~~ II~,....... .. ,""~
.no 1\:11 'WI)"'__ Fir>t . ..." ....-.-....11\:11 ..... """'.. . c;".w, "'-'o.r.ofifrool.. Ins"'odtto in • ....J.:I< fi", ~_~""'" """" tri, ...oJ pr...n.llI.. miP.;,,""" ...., ... cW,< "''''Y rnD<m:J ... ..... d ...... , .1'>< """"""1 ortr.MmiI1ibolioy (.....". ...... mic wd .. "'""'" diJcipIint» rJu< .. "" • ...t,
_.,.mbIt-J
.Irk .. -....... ro ...... if o&.;J.., .. ,o .. ood ""~opt,,, , Klepl in il< <pread could hal" !:>een cith.r . « idenl.l ordeliberate: 'he ... id. "flut Ijust hal" ,rouble gelling intere
""1"''''''
of P.u",,·.. Aside from a «n~m COflg~ni:al. stony plS ,he poosibili.)" of unl"'du,g. of diSt" ..,,!;l i" g from thcir impacted and (>\... rd~t~"nincd histori"'l ... ~. ,io" '0 urI> othtt some of the 5Cf"''''c ~lcnlCnt$ of the imollcnual bags-'~'" ,hat many of u. ",rry ........ nd under a ubd such as "tilt Mr!t1o.... an "'" mys,ified. ang ry vicwoflarg< and genuinely Iyltcmic opprc"iol,.d~, noc tmrin~aUy or ""oo""rily enjoin that peoon to .ny ~fir ••• in of epist •. moIogical or "".... i.... const<juen«s. To know ,Iu •• M origIn or opnad. of .. " ......lilfkdlly .. I'h. Iu,.. ~hed from a .u,e·aj'ioled conoplr~- _h knowledge is, i•• urn. OUt. sepanblefrom .he quc .. ion of whe,hcflh. ener. Sic. of. gil"n At oJ :K.i'·"t in.dlcc.u.1 o. group might !Its. br .... d in .... ,udng and e~JIO"u", of ourh. f""$ibI~ pIot. "l1w..")" migh •. but ,"'n again.
""y
, ....")" might no •.Though edlieaUy frau gh'. ,''' choice .. noo 51. con .lngent ",I.,i"n, be,ween .n)" si,..,n picce of kn""'ledgc ."d it< naml' ,i,,,/cpi>lcmologic. l cn.ailmrnt. for'M ""eker. knov.·~r. 0< tcUer. Rironlr in.rudu«d the cate),""Y of ,he her .... ncu'ioo of,.,~ .0 dcs-ibility .mong otMr pC>SSibili.in;.
The phrol.'" now Iu, somr,hing like ,he ..cmI SI~t'" of Frednc "'mrso.",
0"".
".~I,,·aY' hiSlorictu" - and.lil:.c ,h •• i, ~"oddly into its lit ... pooilion in ,he t,bk,s ofth~ L~w_ Alw4Jl hi s,ori,ize, Wha, could hal.., less lodo wi.h his,,,rici/:ing than , ... commanding. atcmpoul.d-...,rl> "alWay'", I. reminds me of .... bumfXr Slide ... th., inSIrtJCI people in ",her 011 ,0 "Question
,Iu,hority." Excelkm adrice. fXrh~ps w . .. cd 00 .nyone ",t.o docs " .... ,. they're ord.",d In do by a "rip of pape r glued.o an .u,omobile! The tn'per.!i"e framing ""ill do funny ,hings '0 • herrrw::neutics of SI.1Spici<M1. NOT surprisingl)·. the mClhodological cemr;t\i,y oJ 5UspK;on to "'•. n:nt criliGll prwicc: b;t.. im·oh... d a concomi,.n. pm.;lcgi"g of ,he ron· ~p' " (par.n oia, In 1m p.ragr.ph., of " ... e,,,,,)" er. ,hen: i. di><usslon of what " ... ud considcl1 • "striking .imi· I.my " between So:hn-bcr. sptema,;" pcrwnltOf)' dcLu.ion and fn:ud', ""'n 'hcory. Freud ","as indeed I~tcr.o g..:...,...liu. farnou..,.. •b;t., "'M ddu' .ions of p" .... noloc. h.,,, .n unp"l "~bIc ""ern. l simil.ri. y and .mer",,1 ki"lhip'" 'he ,y"e",s of our philosophe r." _ .nlong whom he included hl"'''''1f (lZ:79. '7 : ~7J ). For an his slyn~... i. m.y be true tl\;o. ,he. puta",,,, congruence be' '''ern parmoia and.heory WU unp:al.ouble to F.-cud: if .... 110",,,,.... it ;, nn longer v;.:..... d as u"P"b •• bic . n.c . rt;.;ul.. ton of SIKh a "'''gr uene. "")' ha", been Inc,·i,.blt .• t ' LI)' r.tc ; as Riroeur not ... "For M . ... N;",:zsch•.• nd Freud, ,h. fut>d.mcntala'rgory of CottKiou>ncss is ,be ... L\t;"', hidden·sho"," 0.-. ,f you p ... fer. JimuL\ted·man,fntcd.. .. Thw ' .... dh\inguishing charactens", of M~tI. Freud •• nd N;"tUChc is ,he gen. e",1 hypot ....;, ronceming bOlh .he procc .. off.l", con.oau'ncss and 'he n""hcxl of deciphering. The , "'0 gion th., would nOl repro. duce Ihi, damaging non "qui,u,_If paranoi a ..flec," the rrprwiM of SOme Sn de,i"" H' >cqu~ngbem .. asooed. 'hen paranoia is • uniquely priYi/egW ,i l~ r,,, illuminating not homosc'p. blc in,erp""ill' doubling or pr,,,,,,,,,. - ,"refully), to practk~ mho< t~ paranoid form, of knuwing do'fn the instahiliry.nd mutu.l in"'ription buil, into the Kleini.n ntion of positions. I am also. in 'he preSCupe uf thi' disc"",ion any ovcrl.p be'ween par.muia per '" on the one hand . and on the other h. nd the ""e. ". rioml)' called dementia praecox (by Kraepelin), schizophreni. ( by Bicuicr). m. mo", b",nerally. ,Iclusionalily or psych""i" As La· pl'n"he ~nd PonlO1i. nott. th~ hi'tory of p,),chi .. ry has attempted ""iow m'pping' of thi> o,·erl.p: "Kraepelin differentiates dearly between p . ... noia on (he one hand and the p.,. noid form of dementia praecox on 'he ,nher: Illculer Irt,." p... noi. 0. ' , ub ·catCh"'')· of d~mentia praecox. or the gruup of sch i,oph",nia" .. for Freud. he i. qui,e p"'p"red to se. ccr· "i" so - c~lIed paranoid forms of demen,ia praec", broughl under thc he.d of par.noi • .. . . [for example, Schreher',] co.. of ·p" .. noid demen';'" i5 ""' "nti.lly. p.r.noi. proper! and therefore nOI a form of schizophrenia] in F1"I;ud·. eyes" (>97)_In Klein', I; .. r writingtegic:< m.y be: "'Mr thln.he ro-ibility ,''', '~' off~r uniq~ ace':: •o.rur knowLedge, "'prtsm. d " "j', .mong Iher w.y .. of ""di
n.,
,,(>St.lgla fOf_SUm an impossible prior momrnl. No time could be: '00 nrly Ii>< "",,'s h,,,,ng .• I,,,.dy·knoo;...lI. for its having·.h:ady·bo;.,n ·i~",bIc .•hat w n1elhing Nd would happc:n . And no \o$lI could be: .00 f~. in the fUN", 10
"...,d \0 be !"""mpl;'''1y ofucountr:d .
finding, and oqrani.ing kno.... ledge, P.... noi. knov,'. some .hings "'-"U :~ othen poorly,
I'd like to undw.k. now ~m.,hing like. composi •• sk.,eh of "nat 1 "IC.n by p;l",noia in thil COO""ctiOO_IlO('$ • tool of difftf'en,;'l ol;.,g..o,u. but'$ a tool forbe:,tcrs«ing dltrtf'entiaJ. of poetic• . Mynuin IM:~ingsarr:
PoInnoia i< dnriril"'''?' P.... noi.a iJ 7rjIaiw .nd .. ,.....n.-. I>.... noi. iu """'.t .Itt,")'. PoIr.,,"'" " a theory of n'J"">~ afficu. P"o"oi. piocci in f.lth in
'"'1'"J."'.
.AUNO'A ..
A""(:"ATO~'
Th.. p"ranoi> is .n,icip;l10ty i< noid ."""gh" ( ,~),
Th. unidi"""ion.Uy futu"C·on.n'ed vig~an« of pan ...... gcn,,,.,o. p"raOl>ibili,yof a bad su~ would i,,,,lf roru,i,u'e • bad surprise. paranoia "'qui",.,h.t bad ne",S bc: .lw')"1 al",ad)' knov,·n. n. Miller',
"'1:"'"
of paranoia ."', a" ol)'" ••!so .ugge'l$. the '(",ponl progress .nd in principle, infini ,. . Hen.::c ""rh.ps. 1 suggc>I. 8u,l.r·, ,eptoled .nd KOU'-' Ing!)" lh"'"ugh d.moomr.,ion. in GttTtl$ nO wondc., 1Mn, 1h.:i,l"r:moia, once ,he topic .. broached in • nondiagnos'ir (""'U1. s«mslogrow like. cry....1ina h)-pt ..... 'u~.'.d$(l/". 1ion, blOIling OIl' .ny ",nse of the poo.s;bility of ,Item. In" ..:.y. of undo,.. ".nd;ng or things .0 ulldot$(.nd. r wiU s.>y '""'" bter.bout """'" impli.,.. lKltlS ofth" ,mus of par.noia .s, in rhis sense, in" ';"bly • ".. .-ong th.ory." W hat may bt "",n mm. Imporl.nt is how """,ely .h< ",;"""idsm of p.... ""'""n. in .br ..... y of bl.nd,.h..,.,n. or viokncc. '0 an ord .... of·' hings mo""" rIu. had unln .Mn bcktd only n .... tibility.• body. c~."ilion·
(Coh ........ rt"; ~ Al.he ,;"K ofb.::ing .wfully reduct;"". J ~u~"'~I.h ••• hi< .n.;op.,ory. mi. me,;c mcch . n;In' may .Iso shed lighl on ... riking f,,.,ure of recen' femi"", • nd qutc, Uk. of p")"Cho.n.lysi .. La"n •• id.. few ",.u.1 P")"Choan.>lySlS WOIJld dre.m ofh."'judidoWl gtnde. rei6c.!1ons It..! an: com· I1"\l)fl in l"Y"ho.onal)"~ as in 01 ..... proj«ts of rnored a priori immu"", 10 Ih. inAue""" of such gtn· o;I ... lyllC gcndt,calegorie> "",td b.< eilhe, uncm;"al of or idmlicallO . he onSi""b. BUller•• mong ",hen. has •• ughl un much leud..dening...., of"mim.'ic.-) BUI. fortnmplc. in .hi< po$I ·lacani.n lradillon. ps)"Choaru. 1,·lK lhough •• h .. is no! in Ih. plact nnl ... Uy organi,.d. .round pilaU;" difference - muM seemingly be , ... ",I"ed. wilh how",.. , dislOning "',u lti. Intn th .. Idngu.ge hefo'" j. can bf: pullO any mher .h~or".kal usc . TI>< con lingen. poosib;li'ie, of .hinking ",he<wise Ih ~n Ihmugh """xu.1 dif. rcrt:nc~- on: . ubordin"td 10 the para...,;d imp'" .,i" Ih.l. iftht violcn.'~~ ''''>peJN """...... ~>d '1101 , .• .u~ "'1'1>0." .""",,,,,. ·~)U.nu 1"..0»0 '1'I'~'" ~ ..., _.,jj.,u,,~ ,("",'-'
.,~"' ~OOG 1.'~II!\'Ii 4~!4'" JO - ~)I'J!I"d .... 'I"'~ """'.'11 "U spo'" ""l-" Ina .",,;Mj ....~'-' Sf ,.....lJ~ "4' ~J""""I' 're',lJU >O ,u,wniI . "l"U "'Il p.lOI.I '! 'O~ 0> p~dm' 00 , ""I Ploo_" _ Jo 4, n" ' '\1 >d '"1I1n,, "4' ~ '.!O<J - J,J,P""" .0(........ 00, '"4' ,..oddn. I 'p',"q!'",p ,'I'r!·" >JOUI 10 l'>llW :uow "" ....... up 1114' s:I!'" >dd'4 '! M04" "'LL
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...... ,,'"f'b"' UI wou><jd >4' JO UO!I ~o uOIj''''u.oq >fU'I·........' ~ ..." ... " '",,>wOu,qd .'""u. 'Oj.\too ,uno".. uO> .\.ro,'4"'l' 4"4_'''>1lu,,,, >4' o,L ·P'.."I .... >4 UOJ "'0>4' -'\Ill -u>p< ..... JO .u'tlJoldu '4' 4'!'f" .'q "',,-,OJ!', l'"d~". "I"\>IUW,,, ~ '" <JO •"><J"'' ' "'.... >4 ,,' Je>lI1 JO ;4.,uoApC ""I' 0, ~ ... "'....., "I IOU", ,.o"uro 'II' r"" ''''0'41 ~ . ..... 41!'" f! SI.l!~",o,L U! "'0'4' liuw" JO 1~"-"uu, '41 ',('1'-',)0l" ' 4' >1nl -1lSuoo 0, At~'I""O "419u"'l< puo spw~ ''''''' .II1P JO s:>!JO"41 "".11 0 1'''"1''' Suowe '''-'''1JOJ> Oil 110' 1''''' 'llJoolfl Plw~H.>OJ ....'4'.. """'1I13u< , ,.I.. Ul "II >f
. of only IooKIy ~Lu~d "~;ok Ihcoric,.rizcd not only by "'ingo Slrong .hc",),uoppphistico.ed .nd. in an import..", wiy. 1m tendentious tb.." Ih.e COf",sponding alSump' lion. in F..,,,d_ '1" bcgin with. Fn:ud ~ubC in F1"n of how '0 L:ep i" irrcpn:ssible n.uUi.i""5 u..do:r con'rol. I'\:rh.p' ..... n mon: probkm.tlc:oUy. ,his Fl'eud· i.n >chem ••iltntly if\S1~11s tM alII""'" poranood ;mporni,..,. the imposoi· bili,y bu, aloo ,he ,upp:lcd ""c<SSity of 1'ore!t~I~ng p.oin and ""'priIc. as ",..,.Ii'y " _ .. !h. only and i~i,.bIt fl'IIo: ~ ........ );h 10 ,uf'POO" th~, ,,.,,nh .ould be cwn .n occitknl:ol occasion of }is ,han , .... Ittm,ng f~tth in OPOW"" The arch · ""'picious au,hor of TIt. N ,h .. unJerlle . ",cu-
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Wh.l 10 ;nesc~l"bIy ...m,;"",. ukt .he ddmtilulionaJiud pe,*", on 1M $I"'''' ...-hlt bc:'n)"Cd and plot,ed .g~ulSl by ~..,..,...,.., cis< in ,he eily. stm IIfg<S on you 'M lingtr·,..orn doss;er brislling ",ith his pre' cious correspon ........., .pa.. noi.l lOraU vaunted $uspicion ..ru as though
i.,
its wort. would be accomplished if only il could firuliy. Ihis lime. ~. lu itO1 )ib..~l humanism. Yct Ihest ,.uaem' ...,n.:nl )'urs, un.Iii." ,he r....m.titt )"n. 0/' ' hd, t .... Mrs. Iw." !lttn 5pWI """",I)' in • phobic Rcag.n·Bush.ointOl1·Bu,h Amaica "'Mn: "Iibenl" it. if.~
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bother.~po$ing
hidden in the fi .... pi...:•. Why 1M rusesof f'O""rin.::: try "....".. ••1 .ny gh"tn tnOI'IlCnl . .., per«nt' of young bbck InCn arc .... meshed in perul SYSleml ln lhe Unt.. d 5mn.nd Immuliona)ly, "'t.ilt the,,", i. ple",y of hi
rt'i lir\g'. Whal is the b.sis for . .. uming ,hal il wiU .."p"sc or di"u",. n"'-cr roil.J mOl;,·. te . • nyonc to I.arn ,h. , . given wei.1 m.nif.$Iation is ."ili· 0'1. ..,If-con' .-..dictory. Imimh... ph.nt.. m"ic . or ..... n "iDlen,! As Peter $loIerd~k po;n" OUI. '1'niciJm or "enlightened f.1se cor>!Ciowness· - fme ('OIUriou,.-.e••, lha, knows iuclf lo be false. °i" filicncsl .1Kody Kf\eD>"1y t..tlfcrcd" _ alrtady "'p",scnts "tbe uni>"CrSilly wKksprtad " .. ). in ...-hich ,."Iighlened penple Ie ' ;ncou •. compe' ing 'Mono:. 1m' constitute the men,.I.:co1ogy of mo,O< P.W•. So.... upoXs. some dcmp.ific;olions, some bearings of wju>e."do ha\" SKat cffi:Clual I'otu (th.....gh often of an u"" ... icipatcd kind), M.ny Ih.I • .., j"" >-< """ ond (anvincing IKIne al an. ho.-.. ..-.:r. • nd as long .. 'hat iss", we must admil \h .. tM rffirgc •. wit h "" OIhe r instit,,,i ,,,,, p'Of">Sing to HlI the g.p. TI,;, d",..,lopnlCnt. how'"".r. is 'ht I• ., ,hing '''yune could h.,...'pee",J r""" ",.ding New H\$loriris. pm...-. which curuli,u'e< • full ",n,,.log)· of lhe ..... ul., wdf.... slalC Ih .. peaked in ,he '96O:J.1ld (9)'OS. along ",;,h a ""'I=igh' proof 0/' "'11)' 'hong> mu", beconx: n~ and """" ~"" lha, rm-
ever. No onC ,." hlan .... a ""rile, in lhe ,~fur nO' h.ving fO"""en u.., dfw' ofthc Republic.n,' 'W4 Com.aci " 'i lh America. BUI if. as Mille,uy" -Su.p~ ... is ~Isdy ,,·h.llk par.noid IttU ,oclimirule.- it be adminfil IhOl, ., a fOfm ofpa!";lnoi.>. 'he N~ H"ton.;;sm f. i1s spec. '3cuLtny. While lIS ~net;llicnor of - ,hings ' ''' ~.nd gnting is immune 10 refulalion. any mO1;,.· ..IS.nd popul;'••• nd .hose who beHet.. in c'm'Pirac~. ofb.lnkers '" munitions mak.n: in .nyone who doubu th .. l¥K w... l; iIled by • lone !,'unm.n. "'in Ihe popul" lotl.wing prns. in ,he wmempor.ry Americ.n righl wing. and On IXllh .id". of the !";Ice (onlfo, v.~y ,,>d~y" (9). Althougl1lh~ .. c"eS0ries .. em 1o c",,,ra lot of pcople, lhe", ren,ai,,! nonNhtiess ~ presumptive "we - _ 'pp .."n,ly Still pnctkaUy
.""'1""1( - ..... ho ran "g"'c 10 virw ouch .~I"'meS from • ClIlm. undcrst.nding, .nd cnmml'"s>ing middle ground , whon' "we " can allasftt that. fot ••• mple, though "innumerable Ikdsion.of ... the cold "'uc~n be f.ulIcd: 'hey rep,.,...,nl "simply lhe mUlakes of wtil·meaning mcn- (6). Hofs..dl
is. olllgt'me.n .... j'h ~ujlC ,-"d. olt.n 'PI"''''nlly tr...nly pl.a"' ... ·orient.d .• =lIt'-JC:~Ic: "'ri,.,h- .nd intd· Iy also be: bcnefi' in .. ploring tM .w-.mely v~n.d. dyn.mic. and hisloricolly con'i"sem ""p Ih., I.mng ,heo""icol ~ill mme .. of art .nd lopecul,ti"" thougl>l. P.",,,,,, •. as I h.", poin.ed OU'. "'prtOl:nlS no' only a s.rong affect theory bul • «Tong ntgdli\'t afli;a theory. Thr q~;on of tl>< $lrtnglh of a gh"H "'cory (or t~1 ofth. ",blions bc:l .....,.n .. rung and ...'.ak 'heorr) may be onhogon.llO.he question of ilS affen;,.., and Nch moy be: capable of .
",,,. ,,'ooldn'[ offer the sa".. .... nsh.uuriral. 01""", .u.armtir ~pt ....1 r,,,.,lcging of g'J /k.bi.n i.>OCJ ,h .. ;, offered by a F",udi.n v;Cw. On the other hond, I think i, willi,"". ulln I va.< good ntlxr ,h.n bad $Or!'';...?
To rttagnize in p.>r:tnQi •• d"'ino:ti>"ly rigid ",Iation !O temporality. at once " ntidp.>'ol)' .nd ,-etro;octi,r.>noid determination ,hat no honor. ho\o'C'o' w,"uld bo- «>n';ng~nt tk:wlop · me"" rat hen han clcfinition;tl Ort ranshistorior.1 ones: ,hey a"",' t ,hings ,hot
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,,-ornan.Joo,;ng "'"OffWI ....oold in.... it.hly Inhe", in ,he ~c of "'.n. k"';n~ man. 5a)'. For if.•• r,,, .hown. ~ p.>ranuid ",adin!: pracricc is do. d), ' ied 10. notion ofth. inc,lIable. ,h.",.", Olher f•• tu",. of ~u""r "'ading tha, can .ttune i, rxqui.ildy to a heartbe •• of contint;cncy.
P"'Rn'. ;t is 0100 possible for her 10 ......... ~in IU(h profoundly p.>inful. pr0foundly relieving. c. hkally cruci.1 poosibilit its as I~t Iht past. in t urn. could h."" h.ppe ned differently from 'he way it .Clu.lIy did .' Whc", docs ,hi, argument Ie."" f""l:i. homophobi.·ccntcrt:d unde ..... nding of paranol. to OIh.r understandings ofit. Ioke Klein', or Tomkins',. ,h.t .'" not p;ortirol.rly Ocdip.land.", less d""".u';"'nted '~n .IfCCl-oritn'td. l.m.1oo $Oggaring ",,,0>.1 lrucriptlon of'lu«r thought " 'ilh tM topic of p.>r.""'" may be Ins nte
Th. Ikg,>td. dcf"".;,......... Itiffnts.s of. paranoid tcmporalioy.• fier .n. '" whkll )"It< ..... ien!. ,hen ",ali,,,,, ,kn 'hey Uf\' old . • nd..., il he-.nd ;s tht" a.""Hed. in half • .Iou" du.lrn:1 m""monic shock>. by • dim. ctk "'ric:" 0( jy ..'hen " 'e bd,old an 11,,1,,'0·..." oilhouene , .. "ttidJ t.acho:s us that
"''C a", living in ........· world: u"r~ ,It< d.Jy ,,-hen. grandson oIa "''''''''' ... once ~. a youn~ man "itom ~Iy "'" a con<emptlo:s. .nd for n,a"y Olhers: ,n.,- do 50 for my friends.nd me. Spectfi •• lly. ''''lng " 'ilh ;ad,... nn-d bn:.osI ('1>«1'. I h.a,.., ~tlle e~ of
t:d '"' • ",asoil't environmen'al I... uma (basi, ~." ". V} 0 111 . he g"'w up on lop of. ,wic w»l e si,e); the o.her is living wi,h H1\'. 11 much the bkelicst of u. to be lim,s fitiren ye.rs from nOw. I,', hml,o .. y. hard ..""n to knov,'. """. tIteK relationship' are dlff"",,,, 11"'" ,hose .tu",d by people of d,ff~"",' ago on' land>CJpe"tto.e per· ¥",i,•• lli~ con""'l'= on • common disapp"aring-poinl. I.m sun: ~rs, I t t mOl't in,e",dy ~ i~aled: wh"..,,'Crelsc we Juto,.' ...-e 1utolOric, "f gay, lesbian .• ltd queer in'crtenuali'y. The qyeer--idcmificd p"d",e "I' c.mp. for ".ampl~, moy 'Do seriou.ly mi,""'''!,'1li"d wh.n i, is .iowcd, "' BUlltr . tld others view II .• hrough par.noid lcnsts_A. """"1: ... n. camp , ~f ro , • .le""un li~"i"". demYSl iflCalion, ond mocking eo:pos"'" of ,he demen .. . nd , _ m('lions of . domin.n1 rol."",. Aoo,he degn:. to which camprng I> nlOli"".d by 1 add,,;"... nd "'cn.~I'-'I:, It. fear. a ...liIlie OM. is tIt" lhe cultun: .urrounding i, is in:odt:. qll',e or illimlcal,,,;u nunll"': it w:anu 10 :wormbic.oo ~onrer pleni< ott·
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...lIm Fr...k ,od I _ Toonl.," ..""" '"' .!I«t in ........ , .... "Y to mpon.J 10 ,lit> ,,· ..-olf"""ltil ,ho probI< ...
•. ,-".. b:"I~' ''''pliOl ....... nh .. rn Ik""'; ....Id< ,h..."" "",dt","" 'h~"gro", H, CWI" "'.fItrJ,",I" ""' migh' b< on< good r .. ",pIt of,ho \.0" ... ~;,,~.,r
""".:0
,r't, in ,ho "",1 _ " (,'" I""'" no. "S'). Gould ..."""" '''''' tIr ,,(11,,,.«;"11 hop< .'" ,boo< of 1'0'"''0''''''' ""'" do~..,J.'. " ';,I, rho tIif,.....",,,",, ,...1'I""ntlp"'"''' t< .... .,r p""UoN'''''' I"" in ,he fo,",. , •• ,I>
. . . ""._. .
......·
...... t>nlonMlly "''''' ,,01« .n.J"... """
., •.un«l..r.Jrt ....... ~..,.;",poturn "..~ tht .....,'" ~1uf.lwIg· .."..."'~ c.. bt """
~ M",tu.1 Moun·, A ~ ..,. .... or............ ".",.. ..... """,,," ohoo - . ...". of q"«.gy. Th,mu,', suptXK;,ion he", ntay be ""sU. .....ip might ""II be rhlSlcned 10 learn in ......' many. crucial. our i""",iblc ...~'S her .ccc.. '0 the AsIan tat .. pnctitts. .0.1 underM;1ndings has been rompro. ",,>led b~ t he history of .heir .ransmission .0 1M WM!. Donald Lopez. for ,'umple, ... mm.nus his • • empl.ry Inthology of critical essay> by dettribu. e W."'ern .0015 \() Asian ~uddhist "p"""'nraTion; histories of ,crmplici.y wi. h nativist .nd coloni.1is! projt'ctS In J'l"n OJ ""U OS fosrisl ..... in II'ly: .rrog;ont .nd ignoran. d.;ms. such as Jung·.. 10 speak fOT an e.wtic Orien.ol p.oyd>e: .nd. double-binding enlist".,.,n. of A,;~n Huddhisu In the inoomp;tlihk roles ofinfonn>nl lOll guru tOKhob", the w .... Wha. is .h~ fu",e of ""d> '''ry critk~l1indlngs! Ho.., .. and 10 ...-hom do lhey ","ucr? Comn""" >Ie_ "'gj,""'1S that tlltir impact " 'ill f,,11 un non· Kw.mk srudent. of 8uddhi"'" """" lightly Ih. n on KhoIa'" in the field . NOI only a .. the: .. ~xactinl! (most of rllt'" pul>liohcd by "";,,,,,,ity prom.) I.", 'Cding? "'"y gi,.., "" ay fur the....ade",.o lhe: qucl"'dl,,,, r''''' for
l'0p"l.ri~rd iluddhi.t '~",hings alm~d. t non·A.I,n (oll.um~rs. It Is fro", ,hal nlcllt Ih., the pn:sent (h~pt"r eme,};e •. .-efI~o:ting. nottsis of me,.sutk CaOC~r. AI this chapter sho...s, how.".". ;n'~"'" In Ute Buddhis. l;t~n'uJl: of death and ptatlon is hailefing ada", ed for the ._n' ''lly d1/k",nt habi ... ..,mibilirirs, Welunsdtauung of the W.... 8y IM .. tm lokn. a COmmon drfcn ... 0{ ~tb pt:trional pr"xticn Is .h.t lIuddhisln hasof.en. hisloricatly. bttn changtd by. as much as it h•• clt:,tngt'd. ,he varied cuJtu"" tllCOolnte",d in il5 perip.lIetic histoty. This chapeer. by fuc:u!: of this l"po.1s u,mlll.blt . Funhtrmotr. th"n: is plenty ofBuddhis.
scriplu ral ""rr'nl for il: Iht P.li non. 'Utros. and J"uka ''''''u all con. tlin e .. mples _ , .. ry privileged oncl - ofle"chi"gs th" h"" bern .. dlcaUy . d'pled 10 ,heir audi,ol'J' '·"ril::d e'p.dlie •• nd f.. tnes of ",fe",nee. In 'his eh'p,.r. howe,.. r. I "'an! 10 Iry OUt rno",. diffen:n. ",soutU$ from Ihe g"''' ''''asur), of Buddhis, phrnomenlogies of le.mlng and !Cuhlng. What if. for .... mpl~. ~n equally canonical topos ,u.;h as 7t«Ig"i· r;"";"'dli{d'W~ do""ribes """"" dytumics of Wes'ern Buddhin popuLlIizo' lion beno r t h.o ....... (he one ·d,n:aionallopn< of ad.tp... ion~ Cn,.lnly. if " bener .... ileun,el'J ....."r n,any "''''urico. Th .... by !MM' a lIuddlw.l
,,-n..,
cncoun''''
,,',', ,', -W~stcm cultun:- mu>! .1.., be ",\dc"wod OS an oncounter ",i,h a p,l,n'p ...... or /\sl.n ot rrob'hly. in some uncnmined .... )... ,1111 ~n.>Clu~ my 1",·"It"",":", "i,h 8uJJhism asa 'opic. wuSogpl Rmpoc:hot I bcs'· ... Umgpoput..n>.atK>ll. TItt TiN-td" 8Dok tf LM,,& ..J Dyi",. ConsIruacd as:an alomdcd gklss on the stH.lkd Tiltnu IIooJo ofrltc Dtoul, il off.rs moo-
t"",
Ions.
Thi. f.i,)".le ·li1«' optni"s pl"n~. a ",.dc, diwricn'ingly inlO on unf.. miliar .y... m of .n.logut••nd inom.tiQru.. s.ralcginlly• ...,......",. tild
1I00hing ••• 11 ~bou, iii .ent'l. Rother .hon in.o "8uddhism ." •
...,.Ik, who
begin' .his book is. by me.", ofhcr di.sorienmion. in'c'pe", of my ma>lu wi,h 0Ihen. thqQn .., ..... ,IIt .. me profour.d f«ling i•• """"", in me. \Vh;o •• hen did"m~ Khymu. inspire in m~l An unslukable mn~de......, in.he .cachings. and. conviction in .he ~nt ... land duma.ic impo"""'" of.he fNs.u" (:liii).
.,,. Admitt edly. it', e:t.'Y ." m.ke .he c= .h.. ptd'Sugk.1 ",I.rion iJ suI>>I.nliv~ly ')' ....... k. "ned olle.).• re studen" or au,odid.c,. unly. wh" achie\'t n!...·.n. for . heir own •• k ~ olone,
'0
'ifr Tilt bodhis;o •• v.·s posi.ional :ucs a. ped'gogic.l """ \h.:in >pecify his ,,.. her pI:ocem..." on .hHe :un, F"rthermore.• ny 1"'"",,·.con.mi!mCTI"o ~l.ho,.. ... Buddhism i"'-01 ...... loc•• ion in ,be bodhisa" .... dimident, i. m.y .110 be: "'o'n"n" wishes for anything mo", precious .h.n to ",co;".., Dh.,m •••• ching>In Mahayan . tcrip'II"'S. SCcnes or.tachlng.O< is din:oing. larger scale than his 0""": thn il5 ..,n,ibi]i,it... m.y be decl"'r. wider: th .. ill im'gln.,ion may be infinitely more .."pid: ,ha. ii, inteUcct ...1powerof propordoning .00 ru-.ing may be more p""-nful .mI he should ~r h3V~ the hum,lity to fttl himself 'I,ima in , .... pbcc of ,he child. and tho magnanimity to I.xh him how to dcknd hi"""lf .g:oirm
""Y bo: on.
,"de""'.
hi" ""'.... (i.e. 'hc ••xhe .... ) influence" ( '9"UI~ 8""""" Akott.bo IOI""''N ,hc principle. "To Icach. endeavouring to ""'......" ,he undc~.oo;ng ftom imr!kiI belitf" (J 'S). Another of his solf·injuncliono: , 0 I~ach. I",aling pupils wi,h uniform f.mni..rity.'OO fNtientt . • nd wilh lhe gn: .. w kind·
n... ,cndcrmss. and re>pKI " (J'9~ In the Transandcn,.I"-,,· ("" ..... I and infor .....1 edui:OIion.1 manifi;soO$ ,ho", is no ",f"","ceo to oc, ... l Mian prxticr. of tCl(hing: "''''' thcir basis i" a famili.rilY whh AJi~n acnptun::s II very an~nual~d. In lhe rSjS the H,ndu ."d Buddh~1 ;n'cn$u of.1te Tnnocrndcntolm. "'"ere ",.."whelm· ongl)· medi.ted by thllK of Europc:.n Rom.ntkism. Ye'lIK (orm$ .almp:.lr"ive mel hods in ,," .. h philology ."d religion h.d ",.ulled in a YK:W of Indio. in f"rtkular. o 01.., an: '0 be vie ..."d; .nd withou, affirming any 'hing. he btgan to inquin: h'miIClf, .nd to Ie.d others to inqu;"'. into ,he d&inction lit_ ""c'n ,h •• cciden,,1 and the ",al- (t89). Tht v;.,w of Chrmian BiIJ.-.rg Meon and Peabody . • nd ~t.r Fuller. pracrice .. tI>t Temple School ""'-es to [he Eo>tw .. d·!ooking I'lat" moll' ,han i,s Socr:ltinlly dialogic form. roncciving. in ~abody"1 words. -,h...UOIM..oul, arc potentially .....11:"J.....
,ho,
was :lctua"y: ,h.. t'''ry $(I ul i•• n inc;lrnotion of ,h. infini,e: that i, negcs frocn 'M lOtu, Sutra. - . lmoQv.·ledg¢ in this N....· England n"IOm1ition - .' be$!.. of surpril ion. It w"uld be pl.usible to diSCll'di' such - Ieaming- a. comple,dy .. utnl"gical. the projection of Wcstern (om monplace •. our . Ir•• d r -known. ontO tho gl.moriting SCreen of. f.n,asi.d Oricn[ . Or thi , encounter could be dcscri!>td as. SC( they Ie..", untouched the .pp."'mly l. ulolugkaJ n.IU" of the peJ'W>gic.1 scene itself. By the criterion of "sounds true.- one can 'l'I'a",n1ly learn only wh .. one .Iready knOYo',- whcther one know. it throughonc" "own" na,ive OII,u"". Ihroogh Iong ... rm OIlturol introjectin of hiRorinlly forcign ide ... or through di""'t intuition_ lIuddhist I"'dagog~ is hardly the only kind that enters on .his familiar hWTlcneulic ci",k , The Heidcggth . - I A\O' it: shr Man .., f. mous for rcplying, "bul I did not "'41i{' il" (Rond.l16.). If ,he >,-ory points '0 a «ruIn Tramcc:ndc:nt.l fur.zineu. i, also indicates her i[11cre)l in a distinai",ly BudOm''''''logy of kno", ing, In mod ...... Wes'em romn"", >mK. after:tll. .0 kam lIOTl'IC.hing is 10 cross. simple ,h~ld: """' you"'" "".....J i. you ~_ it. and then you ... ,11 a""'Ys know il UIltil you for1P it (or ma)iIt fr r.... it). In this ....:.del. leaming ,ht sa"", Ihing >gain make",. much "'..... .. getting the same: piua deli",,,,d rwit:e. Colloquially. lhough only colloquially. ""'" Engl .... differeruim:s .n""'g. "y, being aposed .u. g""" ide. or proposition. ody"1 formul .. ion, is .. en al. drru«nded tl>Y.1I. Th~ Wa.."... ",ader~'n to BuddhiK ptd.:agogkal think.
.""n._
ing may be: moot at rUk of decontatualizing ~n.d mi,rcrog"'~mg it. riding .-ough~ overi" rultunl di/f""'ncht
8uddhiS\ ptdagogr .. for tc.. san),"\Iinc about bo 1Mlher H,it-h fUmm;lnus. " Employing"P"cch:os. ,killful me.ns. the Buddlu >pOke m;lny su.~ ...iUCh should only "" ""~ a. 'the 6ngo:rthat poin«.o.he: moon: not .he moon i...,lf. The: Buddh.
mu••
Pernaps the mOSt ching> ...·hieh gui Or - thus· cOme - one. or when> Iwtlf,h.«ntury J.p.ne.., .t~. ,.tv;..,. thai even momentary con •• mpi.tion of 'he ··.uchnt$>" of ordinary .hings is • guarantcc of .petdy enligl".,nmen, (S,one IW). ,II1urc of indic:uion ;, being used in ., IuS! • doubk .....y. I, .1Iudc1.0 the suppStd ,d(.tvidcnct"
'0
• r> point whe ... you redias 'hough )'0'1 had . ..... 1I_~ • nod·hoI iron baU dI.t you e;;onnoJ disgo:>'l;C despite your ...~rycffon " ( 76). Through much of theit lropism ._·.nI . he ncg~rn~ non a (debra. ion of "ll>tt, will pow..... (95); to rh.ot .xten •. Zen popul>nun o/f",..,d • \'frJion of Klfhood ..."hose "'l>1ion 10 .mptin'$$ and nonbcing ..... h.onlly cle....... th.n the Traruc.ndtnt.lim· had been . IIoth . he .fIlo",,,,,,,na of.he .$I6OS roontcrcuhure and the ......., of poIitic.1 discouragem.n. a. iu collapse .....,'" among ..... conditions for d.-.-d . upmcn. o (.hc conscious d)·ing ",o>~mcnt in Engbnd . nd Americ • • f,c,. '980. Closer influcnces h,,~ bttn 'he widening Tibo .. n di •• p""". the high · yisibility '" oS emergency . • nd 'he .l",ady ongoing """,,",en! for hospice .nd pallia tive c.re . On. elfect of .h•• udden .ppe.rance of A. PS among young. edue;;o.ed. articul.." rrlCn (among lilt many .... hom it .ffecu) -espe· e•• lly be,"" uK ' he diseosc .. bo
Sogpl. as "" h.,." setn, keep> his reader grounded In an almo.t child. ish ,hetori.,.1 ,impliei,),; ,h., ...ems a mode in ..... hkh .he reader"an """" freely through ,he se:~re cultural .t>d orllological dislocations of the jour. ney. To go from Sogyal" ~ 10 olmos. any Otho:. T ibe,." .u. in English, mon,,>".:r - to the many boob ,h.a. are not :shaped by 'his P-lnieut... AngloAmc:ricm·T ibe",n (OnVUAtion dying- is:srill to be brought up >hart by .he denseness of an alLeri.), a....1tkh ""'" he h.d Inrel), hint~. In .... Iling the .estheti< of the ... wri,ing; Zcn],J'e I do I'lOl ",fu to the" ~ffccti,1: .onality. All of them, including Sogy.r.. 'f(' brimming w;th emo-
.bou,
Iionol e'prc" i,,,n(ss. The Zen a,l"'« - mayb< betic' ailed T,,,,·lih _'1" pt... i",,~.d in the utremdy high ,·.Iue p!=d on economy of means."Tho: Buddh... """n "'kill in mea",," which a",'ays rcw ...0 I"'d:igogitalc and examine their opinio"". If I ,ould nut do.~ much nOW 1 should
by "'ing (mher) skillful me,,,,! To practke living •• mi"dfuUy as if in the const.n' p
b.,i,.
(Thurm." . H~1y ' ,). The bmiu 'caching; ''''.. d.alh i''''''f . s "Ihe key 0' 1001 ,h~1 . ~.blcs ~s In dlscm-er . nd ~COb~lizc [opponuni liel for liberation). • "d m'll Ih. full." pssible use " f th.m - (Sog)"'J .o~). It i. a commonpl~re in Ih. conseklu, d~in~ """"nlCnl - bu, also ""'''' 'h~n a rommonpl...,eIh'l. in Cicdy S. u"ders·, words. "5oo""ror I".r.ll who " 'or\: with dying !'«'PIe know . hey.re rece,ving [from ,I>< dying J mo~ ,han lI>«'!'l< can
k am {rom olher ptQfIle '. dying. Th.", is n..,n , )..,..·Iong .df.help program ,hat invol "'" p"'lending •0 oo..,...J{ 1"'1 one .... a f,tal disc...., (In..... }"'r). ThUJ. " 'hik IhI' sid..bnl or dnthbnl is «lnllnualJ)' pmdocN at a pm" lege
I"" ...
,h;a.
Rinpoche ......... a nond~omin .. ional commilmen' dc Ie"ning project . h>llt.d of cun>tiluling' .in!:l". mo",e,,1,,' m. ".r·d .... g rad~d on • ~&S/f.il b .. i•. lik~ Chri"i.nily - or n,," ungraded . lik the ,,"cui.. version - 'he individuaI1if.,imSl:Sconl.~mp< lOr"'y -faU· ure '0 summon forth the courage '0 ri$k • nondogm>lic and ~ "'a ....e - on -Ct"Ul:ia1 nisl.o,;'1 nuncrs - ()8.). "Agnooticism is no uro... for in ·
"""""'t
( .~). Yel he depends on .n oflen unqu""ionC
is" ... nly reminded "Ifanything. it io an.atyfi forxtio', decision'(j.8). ToconstruCI and m~;maio 'his """,Ur ml1$CUl.arfigu'" isan cIpt"';,,, undcn. kin/:. Among ,lit thlogs sacrificed is Ih~. comciousntso oi imper· m.nence. or even emptiMSS-. by ,,·hieh ,he figure m'gh, recogniu itself as not perm.""mly ",her llun the "",hel$" who h ..",. r>«
cYCn )'cb·, agnosti·
era,c.l by both f'O'Iibilily and impoosibilily.• nd C'J"'a.lIy by .ht ",utn'" unlel ....... d...,.. .0 ..,If. Suppose: I.m 'hinkingaooul SO""" good 'htngsl h ......, ......"'rdone bea .... of shyness. fOl" ."".na. 'K" bcr::.UIIC of being so ""'tlC .0 physical di.rom. fOr, . I ~nd nOW .h.ot.he '1uesrirm WIlaI ,,"OUid "",,, rmdt ,......, qual;,,,,,
The coru,ricri"g. obS/:ssion.l ""U"" of IIv... question. is probaI>ly eviden, enough frum '~i. srup.' ,he ~m·ptrson $ingular. as though ","I "'''',..,. specimen '0 be immobilized ",dotr lhan. vagra", piar. ·hoIder. A WOrK mark nf their unskiUful",," is llul ....hik ohsc"",d " ilh them. I r.)und them numbingly boring.
",-en
The que'tion Do I ..~/!y lotIi..... in ,..,birth? mig'" not work .., dille"'nlly from tho$l.: 0 •. indeed, be murh mo,.., Inte"'l!ing. RI0 ............. ",oJ ,,,. """'.1'I>t'ftin,I; ''''I:< of~" ,rthnKJ....., "Th, do '" by ...... N of,, ,Jo..,by
""'.n,
,lu,
."o,n",,,n,,""" '""
'W''' ;" ,h. ' k(
(,n TIl urn"n. U..,. 1Id~ And in rh< rut" "" SI; iJI(~1 M..... it >«m>" ,hw", • !It"",i"",,,. 'hro..g, ..........1>ms Iikr rh< P"r .....I!<Xto.und m
,I>tion 0I _ _~
_tOft Aic.,.,.,
q"""_
of ",b;nh .'" I>< in the "''no Th< ,"""",m of porbti< oo«pOOo.
,hot
,t"hrt"" ... """
