The Year in Special Operations 2008 Editions

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EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: SOF Legend Maj. Gen. John K. Singlaub on His Jedburgh Days

US $5. 95

PLUS: • AFSOC Commander Lt. Gen. Donald C. Wurster • JSOU President Dr. Brian Maher • Night Stalker Michael J. Durant • SAS Originals in Their Own Words

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Editors’ Foreword

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Lt. Gen. Donnie Wurster (left), Air Force Special Operations Command commander, and Vice Adm. Charles Wurster (right), U.S. Coast Guard Pacific Area commander, are the most recent members of the Wurster family to embark in the family business. The family has a record of military service dating back to the Revolutionary War. As three-star flag officers, they also hold the highest rank of anyone in their family.

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Wurster (right) accepts command of Air Force Special Operations Command from Gen. Duncan McNabb (left), Air Force vice chief of staff, as Chief Master Sgt. Michael Gilbert (center), AFSOC command chief, looks on during the AFSOC change of command ceremony Nov. 27 at Hurlburt Field, Fla. Wurster, whose previous assignment was AFSOC vice commander, also made history that day, becoming the first Air Force helicopter pilot promoted to lieutenant general.

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>> THE YEAR IN U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND: 2007

Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates and U.S. Army Gen. Bryan “Doug” Brown, applaud for U.S. Navy Adm. Eric T. Olson, commander of U.S. Special Operations Command, during a change of command ceremony at the Tampa Convention Center in Tampa, Fla., July 9, 2007. Brown, who commanded USSOCOM from September 2003, was retiring from active duty after 40 years of service to the nation. Olson had been the deputy commander of USSOCOM since September 2003.

Special Operations 2008

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Dr. Brian Maher, President, Joint Special Operations University Special Operations 2008

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Special operations officers taking part in exercise Fuerzas Comando 07 listen to a brief given by U.S. Joint Special Operations University instructors from Hurlburt Field, Fla., in La Venta, Honduras, June 20, 2007. The exercise was designed to enhance multinational and regional cooperation, mutual trust and confidence.

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bV`Zi]ZbWZiiZge^adih!WZiiZgÉkZgjc^cidi]ViiVa`h VWdji]Vk^c\hZc^dgZca^hiZYVheVgid[ndjg hijYZciWVhZ# >[ ndj add` Vi ]dl HD; gjch! ndj lVa` ^cid Vcn deh XZciZg! ndjÉgZ \d^c\ id hZZ V adi d[ hZc^dgZca^hiZYeZdeaZYd^c\i]Vi`^cYd[ldg`# I]ZnÉgZ dc i]Z 6"iZVbh! Wji i]ZnÉgZ iVa`^c\ ^c i]Z ZbWVhh^Zh Vh lZaa Vh i]Z d[ÒXZgh VgZ dg l]ZgZkZgi]ZZc\V\ZbZci]VeeZchidWZ#LZ½ XVcÉi[dghV`ZZ^i]Zgi]ZZca^hiZYdgi]ZlVggVci d[ÒXZgh# L]Vi^hi]ZWVh^XXjgg^Xjajb!^[i]ZgZ^h hjX] V i]^c\ [dg i]Vi VkZgV\Z hijYZci lZ _jhiiVa`ZYVWdji4=dladc\VgZi]Zn\d^c\ idWZi]ZgZ4 GZbZbWZg!i]ZgZÉhcdiVXdjghZlZYd]ZgZ i]ViaVhihadc\Zgi]VcildlZZ`h#CdllZÉkZ_jhi ejiid\Zi]Zg!hZkZgVaXdjghZh^cidl]VilZXVaa i]Z ?d^ci DeZgVi^dch 8Zgi^ÒXViZ# >c i]Z ^c^i^Va e]VhZ!lZ]VkZi]ZHD;[jcYVbZciVah/6\V^c! Special Operations 2008

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We were there when you landed on the northern coast of France. We were there when you returned to the Philippine shore. We were there when you fought in Korea and Vietnam. We were there when you rolled across the deserts of Iraq. We were there then. We will always be there. Proudly serving those who serve.

1-800-MILITARY (1-800-645-4827) or your local GEICO office

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Rangers fly in aboard a 160th SOAR MH-6 Little Bird as part of opening ceremonies for a NASCAR event. Opposite: Rangers patrol a neighborhood in Iraq.

>> THE YEAR IN U.S. ARMY SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND: 2007 As the largest single component command within U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM), U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) is always an organization where something exciting is going on, and 2007 was no exception. Celebrating their 20th anniversary in 2007, USASOC is a growing and dynamic organization. Much of this is due to the variety of units and missions USASOC oversees, ranging from selection and training of new Army Special Operations Forces (SOF) professionals, to packaging of civil affairs (CA) and psychological warfare operations (PSYOP) units for overseas deployment. USASOC is a command where everything seems to be happening all at once, and in these wartime days, often is.

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:Vga^Zg ^c '%%,! dc ?jcZ ,! i]Z bZbWZghd[i]ZgZ\^bZci\Vi]ZgZY Vi =jciZg 6gbn 6^gÒZaY! !]VkZVaaWZZcVYYZYidV eaVfjZdci]ZlVaad[i]Z]Vc\Vg!l]^X]^hcdlgZ\^hiZgZYVhVc6gbn bZbdg^Va#>cgZbZbWZg^c\i]ZXgZld[IjgW^cZ((!(gY7ViiVa^dc!&+%i] HD6GXdbbVcYZgAi#8da#BVc[gZYA#A^iiaZhV^Y^c]^hgZbVg`h!ÆIdYVn h]djaYcdiWZVYVnd[hVYcZhh!WjigVi]ZgVYVnideVnig^WjiZVcY]dcdg idi]ZbZbdgnd[i]ZXgZld[IjgW^cZ((#:VX]d[i]ZhZbZcadkZYi]Z^g XdjcignVcYi]ZnlZgZl^aa^c\idejii]Z^ga^kZhdci]Za^cZcdidcan[dg ZVX]di]ZgWji[dgi]ZheZX^VadeZgVi^dch\gdjcY[dgXZhi]ZnhjeedgiZY# I]ZnjchZaÒh]anhVXg^ÒXZYi]Z^ga^kZh^ci]Z]deZi]Vidi]Zghb^\]ia^kZ# Above: Command Sgt. Maj. Timothy J. Strong, right, outgoing senior enlisted advisor, 95th Civil Affairs Brigade, passes the noncommissioned officer sword to Col. Ferdinand Irizarry, commander, 95th CAB(A). Command Sgt. Maj. Melvin L. Bynum waits in the background to be handed over responsibilities as the senior enlisted advisor for the 95th CAB(A). Opposite: The memorial to the Night Stalkers who lost their lives aboard Turbine 33 on June 28, 2005.

E]d i dWnE[X#6ci ]dcn=Vl`^ch!?g#!JH 6HD8E6D

38

JH6HD8

I]ZhZbZclZgZ]ZgdZh^ci]ZigjZhihZchZd[ i]ZldgY#Ç

CIVIL AFFAIRS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE OPERATIONS I]ZnZVg'%%,lVhVahddcZd[\gZViX]Vc\Z [dg JH6HD8Éh 8^k^a 6[[V^gh VcY EhnX]dad\^XVa LVg[VgZDeZgVi^dchjc^ih!VhWdi]Xdbbjc^i^Zh \gdlVcYbVijgZVheVgid[i]ZdkZgVaaHD8DB bVhiZg eaVc# @Zn id i]^h Z[[dgi ]Vh WZZc i]Z bdkZbZcid[bjX]d[i]Z6gbn86Xdbbjc^in ^cid i]Z GZhZgkZh! VcY i]Z hiVcY^c\ je VcY ZcaVg\ZbZci d[ i]Z cZlZhi bV_dg XdbedcZci ^c JH6HD8! i]Z .*i] 8^k^a 6[[V^gh 7g^\VYZ 6^gWdgcZ!dg.*i]8676#D[ÒX^VaanVXi^kViZY Yjg^c\ V gV^cn XZgZbdcn dc BVgX] &+ Vi ;dgi 7gV\\! i]Z .*i] 867 6 lVh ]VcYZY dkZg id ^ihÒghiXdbbVcYZg!8da#;ZgY^cVcY>g^oVggn>># 6i i]Z hVbZ XZgZbdcn! i]Z .+i] 867 6 lVh gZdg\Vc^oZY Vh V WViiVa^dc! l]^aZ i]Z cZl .,i] VcY.-i]8^k^a6[[V^gh7ViiVa^dchlZgZhiddYje# I]Z.*i]8676l^aaZkZcijVaan\gdlid[djg WViiVa^dch!i]ZaVg\ZhihjX]86[dgXZ^ci]Z6gbn! VcYi]ZdcanVXi^kZ"Yjin6gbnX^k^aV[[V^ghjc^i# ÆI]Z Wg^\VYZ VcY WViiVa^dc hiV[[h a^iZgVaan Wj^aii]Zjc^ihl]^aZh^bjaiVcZdjhanWVaVcX^c\ i]Z gZfj^gZbZcih d[ YZeadn^c\! YZeadnZY VcY gZ"YZeadn^c\ hdaY^Zgh!Ç >g^oVggn hV^Y d[ ]^h cZl XdbbVcY! ÆV igjZ ZmVbeaZ d[ ZcaVg\^c\ dcZ eaVcZ l]^aZ Wj^aY^c\ Vcdi]Zg l]^aZ ^c Ó^\]i# Djg X^k^a V[[V^gh heZX^Va^hih XVc fj^X`an VcY hnhiZb^XVaan ^YZci^[n i]Z cZZYh d[ adXVa X^i^oZch ^c lVg"idgc Xdjcig^Zh VcY VaadXViZ X^k^agZhdjgXZhidhjeedgii]Zb#½Djg_dW^c ldg`^c\ l^i] i]Z adXVa edejaVXZ VcY \V^c^c\

39

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E]d i dWnE[X#6ci ]dcn=Vl`^ch?g#!JH 6HD8E6D

SUSTAINMENT BRIGADE (SPECIAL OPERATIONS) (AIRBORNE) Dc ?jan '%! i]Z ÆHZci^cZahÇ d[ i]Z 6GHD; HjhiV^cbZci 7g^\VYZ ]ZaY i]Z^g Òghi X]Vc\Z d[ XdbbVcY h^cXZ i]Z jc^iÉh igVch[dgbVi^dc [gdb HeZX^VaDeZgVi^dchHjeedgi8dbbVcY6^gWdgcZ#8da#:YlVgY;#9dgbVc >>>eVhhZYi]ZWg^\VYZXdadghid8da#9jVcZ6#iÉh ]VgY id X]Vc\Z VcY eZdeaZ gZh^hi X]Vc\Z# 7ji djg i^bZh ]VkZ X]Vc\ZY! VcY i]Z lVnh lZ deZgViZ ]VkZ X]Vc\ZY! VcY ^i idd` hdbZdcZ l^i]k^h^dc!XdjgV\ZVcYYZiZgb^cVi^dcid]ZaebV`Zi]ViX]Vc\Z]VeeZc!Ç LV\cZghV^Y#Æ>iidd`8da#:Y9dgbVcidWZ^cX]Vg\Zd[i]ViX]Vc\Z#8da# :Y 9dgbVc VcY ndj! i]Z eZdeaZ hiVcY^c\ dji ]ZgZ! Ò\jgZY dji ]dl id egdk^YZ i]Vi ad\^hi^XVa hjeedgi! i]Z Xdbbjc^XVi^dc hjeedgi! VcY bZY^XVa hjeedgi!Ç]ZhV^Y#Æ>[i]ZgZ^hVcnhigZc\i]^cl]VindjÉgZYd^c\!^i^hi]Z higZc\i]^cl]Vindjegdk^YZ#Ç

Sgt. Jonathan Highsmith, Charlie Co., 9th PSYOP Bn., and his daughter Jacy, 3, see each other for the first time in 15 months when his unit returned from deployment to Al Anbar province, Iraq, Oct. 18.

41

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SUMMARY

>i^hd[iZcY^[ÒXjaiidlg^iZgZhedch^Wan VWdji i]Z deZgVi^dch d[ i]Z jc^ih ^c V XdbbVcYa^`ZJH6HD8!VhhdbjX]d[l]Vii]ZnYd]VhVY^gZXiXdbWVi dg^ZciVi^dc#'%%,!a^`ZVaai]ZnZVghh^cXZHZeiZbWZg&&!]VhWZZcdcZ d[jg\ZcXn!VXi^dc!\gdli]!VcYhVXg^ÒXZ[dgi]ZlVgg^dghd[JH6HD8# :kZgnJH6HD8XdbedcZci]VhWZZc[jaanXdbb^iiZYidi]Z^gb^hh^dch! [gdb i]Z &+%i] HD6G VcY ,*i] GVc\Zg GZ\^bZci XdcYjXi^c\ gV^Yh! XVeijg^c\ ^chjg\Zcih VcY iZggdg^hih! VcY `^X`^c\ ^c Yddgh ^c i]Z LVg dc IZggdg^hb! id i]Z ZbZg\^c\ higZc\i] d[ i]Z .*i] 867! l]^X] ]Vh WZZcÓZm^c\^ihbjhXaZh^c>gVf!6[\]Vc^hiVc!VcYdi]ZgadXVi^dch#:kZc i]Z?;@HL8HVcYHjhiV^cbZci7g^\VYZ]VkZWZZcXdcYjXi^c\eg^bVgn XdbWVi hjeedgi b^hh^dch! Vh i]Zn `ZZe [gZh] lVgg^dgh! hjeea^Zh! Zfj^ebZci! VcY ^c[dgbVi^dc ejh]^c\ [dglVgY ^cid i]Z Ò\]i! l]ZgZkZg VcYl]ZcZkZg^ib^\]iWZiV`^c\eaVXZ#'%%-^hVagZVYnlZaajcYZglVn! VcYi]Zfj^Ziegd[Zhh^dcVahd[JH6HD8VgZdjii]ZgZYd^c\i]Z^gk^iVa _dWh!_jhiVhi]ZnValVnh]VkZ# Special Operations 2008

42

H;8

>> THE YEAR IN U.S. SPECIAL FORCES COMMAND: 2007 7n?d]c9#Éb cdi ]ZgZ hdaZan dc bn VXXdbea^h]bZcih VcY > jcYZghiVcY i]Vi!ÇK^g\^ahV^Y^c]^hdlcgZbVg`h# Æ>Éb ]ZgZ WZXVjhZ d[ i]Z ÒcZ hdaY^Zgh>]VkZhZgkZYl^i]dkZgi]Z aVhi '+ nZVgh# > iV`Z kZgn hZg^djhan bn gZhedch^W^a^in Vh V gZ\^bZciVa hZg\ZVcibV_dg#>`cdlbn_dW^hidZcVWaZ\gdjeh!djghdaY^Zgh!VcYdjg YZiVX]bZcihidWZhjXXZhh[jadci]ZWViiaZÒZaY#Ç AViZg^c'%%,!H;8VcYi]Z6gbnhV^Y\ddYWnZiddcZd[^ihadc\Zhi"hZgk^c\ VcYbdhiYZY^XViZYlVgg^dgh/Ai#gVf^CVi^dcVa<jVgYhbZc!Zc\V\ZY&*id'% BV]Y^B^a^i^VbZc^ch^YZVhX]dda#6aaZc!V\jccZg dcV\gdjcYbdW^a^inkZ]^XaZ!Zc\V\ZYi]ZZcZbn i]gdj\]dji i]Z Ò\]i! ]Zae^c\ id gZdg\Vc^oZ i]Z [dgXZ!egdk^YZXdkZg!VcYZkVXjViZi]ZldjcYZY# Æ6iaZVhi&%Y^[[ZgZcii^bZh!H\i#6aaZcbVYZ V XdchX^djh YZX^h^dc [dg kVadg!Ç hV^Y LV\cZg ^c hjbbVg^o^c\6aaZcÉhVXi^dch#Æ=ZX]dhZidZmedhZ ]^bhZa[ id g^h` ### ]Z ^h V ldcYZg[ja ZmVbeaZ d[ l]Vi^ibZVchidWZVc6bZg^XVceVig^di#Ç

7TH SFG (A) DcVXdaY9ZX#,Vi;dgi7gV\\!8da#HZVcE# Bja]daaVcYVXXZeiZYXdbbVcYd[i]Z,i]H;lZcidkZgl^i]V\gZViiZVb!VcYlZVaaY^Y l]VilZ]VYidYd!Ç=jWZghV^Y#Æ:VX]VcYZkZgn dcZd[i]ZbYZhZgkZhi]^hbdbZci#Ç  ÆLZ \VkZ hdbZ VlVgYh id hdbZ kZgn Y^hi^c\j^h]ZY ^cY^k^YjVah!Ç hV^Y JH6HD8 8dbbVcYZg Ai# REMEMBERING '%%,lVhVnZVgl]ZgZch]dgi!^ilVhVcdi]Zg hjXXZhh[janZVg[dgi]ZÒ\]i^c\bZcd[i]Z> THE YEAR IN U.S. AIR FORCE SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND: 2007 A Remarkable 12 Months 7n8da#B^X]VZa:#=66H!JH6;!GZi#

2007 witnessed a dramatic surge in the Air Force Special Operations Command’s ongoing transformation program. Despite an unrelenting operations tempo, the Air Commandos focused with remarkable success on three primary transformation targets: advanced technologies, new concepts of operation, and organizational change.

Special Operations 2008

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IN THE EYE OF THE STORM I]Z YgVbVi^X Vgg^kVa d[ i]Z 8K"'' DhegZnh XVc WZ hZZc ^c gZigdheZXi Vh cdi hd bjX] V ÆbZbdgVWaZ bdbZciÇ id WZ hVkdgZY! Wji gVi]Zg i]Z h]Vge XgVX` d[i]ZhiVgiZgÉh\jc[dgVgVXZi]Vi^hhi^aa\d^c\Vi[jaa heZZY# I]Z Zmdi^X"add`^c\ ÆW^gYhÇ VgZ Vhh^\cZY id i]Z-i]HDH!VhfjVYgdc^ihZa[igVch[dgb^c\[gdb i]ZB8"&(%8dbWViIVadc^iegZk^djhanÓZll^i] Xdch^YZgVWaZY^hi^cXi^dc# ;Zl b^a^iVgn V^gXgV[i ]VkZ gZedgiZY [dg Yjin l^i] hd bjX] [Vc[VgZ dg l^YZhegZVY Xg^i^XVaVcYejWa^XhXgji^cn!cdiidbZci^dc V aZkZa d[ ZmeZXiVi^dc hd ]^\] i]Vi -i] HDH XdbbVcYZg Ai# 8da# IZY 8dgVaadÉh idc\jZ"^c"X]ZZ` dWhZgkVi^dc d[ ]Vk^c\ V ÆXdbbVcY^ch^YZVÒh]WdlaÇ^ha^`Zani]Z6;HD8 jcYZghiViZbZcid[i]ZnZVg# 8jii^c\"ZY\ZiZX]cdad\n]VhV]^hidgnd[Yg^k^c\iVXi^XhVcYZkZchigViZ\n ^c i]Z edhi"LdgaY LVg >> ZgV! VcY i]Z [djg DhegZnh dcZ hi^aa ^c iZhi"WZY hiVijh eZgX]ZY Vi =jgaWjgi ^c aViZ '%%, hZZb lZaa"fjVa^ÒZY id _d^c i]^h hbVaa XViZ\dgn d[ igjan gZkdaji^dcVgn V^gXgV[i# I]Z BVg^cZh h^\cZY dc id Wjn(*%d[i]ZdYY"add`^c\]nWg^YVcYi]Z6^g;dgXZWjnd[VcVYY^i^dcVa *% lVh bVg`ZY Wn heZX^ÒXVi^dch jc^fjZ id i]Z 6^g 8dbbVcYd b^hh^dc# I]Z8K"''ÉhY^[[ZgZcXZhVgZhdjc^fjZ!^c[VXi!i]Vii]Z[djg"eajhbdci]h d[ ^c^i^Va BK"'' igV^c^c\ Ä jcYZgiV`Zc Vi BVg^cZ 8dgeh 6^g HiVi^dc CZl

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Above: The Air Force buy of 50 CV-22s is an add-on to the primary Marine Corps contract for 350 tilt-rotors. Nonetheless, space saved in hangaring the expensive aircraft, whether shipboard or land-based, provides obvious advantages. Below: The uncluttered, allglass cockpit of this 8th SOS tilt-rotor suggests only part of the cutting-edge avionics technologies that distinguish the CV-22 from the basic MV-22 Marine Corps version. So effectively has the integrated avionics suite reduced “cockpit load” that the aircrew duty day has been increased to 16 hours.

[VXjain hjeedgih i]Z ?d^ci HeZX^Va DeZgVi^dch Jc^kZgh^in VcY YZeadnh 6^g BdW^aZ :YjXVi^dc IZVbhid6;HD8ÉhdkZghZVhjc^ih#6aai]^hl^i] VcVccjVaWjY\Zid[aZhhi]Vc(b^aa^dc`ZZeh JH6;HDH V Xdhi"Z[[ZXi^kZ WZVXdc d[ heZX^Va deZgVi^dchZYjXVi^dci]Vi^ih[djcYZghldjaYWZ egdjYd[idYVn# Special Operations 2008

6; H D8

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Above: Airfields are preferred but options do exist when runways are not available. Two Special Tactics combat controllers coordinate a C-130 air-land resupply mission in decidedly “austere”conditions. Right: Be careful out there! While all USAFSOS classes are useful, classes such as this force protection demonstration may save lives as well.

WESTWARD EXPANSION >c ]^h '%%, [VgZlZaa VYYgZhh! gZi^g^c\ 6;HD8 8dbbVcYZg Ai# cYZZY! i]Z WVhZ VcY i]Z gVc\ZVgZhjX]^ckVajVWaZVYY^i^dchid6;HD8gZfj^gZbZcihi]Vii]Zild VYY^i^dchYZhZgkZhZeVgViZViiZci^dc# 7ZndcY i]Z egdWaZb d[ Xdc\ZhiZY gVbe heVXZ Vi =jgaWjgi ;^ZaY! i]Z XdbbVcYÉh igVch[dgbVi^dc egd\gVb ]Vh adc\ gZXd\c^oZY i]Z cZZY cdi h^bean[dgbdgZheVXZWji[dgVcdi]ZgWVhZl^i]hj[ÒX^Zci^c[gVhigjXijgZ ^ceaVXZidhjeedgiVcdi]ZgdeZgVi^dcVal^c\#>ilVhcdhbVaal^h]a^hi!Vh egdkZYWni]ZnZVghd[eaVcc^c\cZZYZYidVX]^ZkZi]^h\dVa!Wji6;HD8 ]VhXdch^YZgVWaZgZVhdcidWZlZaa"hVi^hÒZYl^i]i]ZdjiXdbZ# 6adc\l^i]i]ZVYY^i^dcd[i]ZV[dgZbZci^dcZYEgZYVidghfjVYgdc![dg ZmVbeaZ!XVbZi]Zh^bjaiVcZdjhcZZYidhiVcYjei]Z&&i]>ciZaa^\ZcXZ HfjVYgdcidegdXZhh!Zmead^i!VcYY^hhZb^cViZi]ZgVlk^YZdVcYhZchdg YViV\aZVcZY[gdbi]ZEgZYVidgÓ^\]ih#BdgZdkZg!l]Zci]Z',i]HeZX^Va DeZgVi^dch L^c\ XdbeaZiZh ^ih hX]ZYjaZY Wj^aYje ^c '%&%! ^i l^aa Xdjci hdbZ ,% V^gXgV[i ^c ^ih [dgXZ Vh lZaa Vh V b^a^iVgn"X^k^a^Vc ldg`[dgXZ ZmXZZY^c\ )!%%% eZdeaZ# I]ZgZÉh bdgZ hi^aa! hdbZi]^c\ i]Z gZi^g^c\ 6;HD8 XdbbVcYZg YZhXg^WZY Vh Æi]Z Xgdlc _ZlZaÇ d[ i]Z XdbbVcYÉh ZmeVch^dcegd\gVb# 6;HD8Éh adc\"hiVcY^c\ cZZY [dg V YZhZgi"bdjciV^c igV^c^c\ VgZV l^i] iZggV^ch^b^aVgidi]Vi[djcY^ci]ZB^YYaZ:VhiVcYHdji]lZhi6h^V]VhWZZc VX`cdlaZY\ZY [dg nZVgh# Jci^a i]Z 8Vccdc$BZagdhZ XdbW^cVi^dc XVbZ id Special Operations 2008

6;HD 8

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AIRPOWER IN A RUCKSACK I]dhZl]d]VkZhZZci]ZWViiaZÒZaYYZkVhiVi^dcWgdj\]iVWdjiWnVh^c\aZ HeZX^VaIVXi^XhHIXdbWViXdcigdaaZgl^aalZaajcYZghiVcYi]ZVYV\Z!ÆI]Z bdhiYVc\Zgdjh6bZg^XVcdcidYVnÉhWViiaZÒZaY^hVHeZX^VaIVXi^XhXdbWVi XdcigdaaZgl^i]VgVY^d^cdcZ]VcYVcYi]ZJ#H#6^g;dgXZdkZg]ZVY#Ç HdbZ bVn Vg\jZ i]Z egdjY XaV^b Wji ^i YdZh ]VkZ ^ih hjeedgiZgh0 ÆgZVaWZa^ZkZghÇdcZb^\]ihVn#;dgZmVbeaZ!i]ZIVa^WVcVcYVa"FVZYV hjgk^kdgh d[ i]Z ^c^i^Va 6bZg^XVc heZX^Va deZgVi^dch XVbeV^\c ^c 6[\]Vc^hiVc Ä IVh` ;dgXZ 9V\\Zg Ä ldjaY a^`Zan kdjX] [dg i]Z XaV^b [gdbeZghdcVaZmeZg^ZcXZ# >c?VcjVgn'%%,!Vcdi]Zg\gdjed[>haVb^X^chjg\Zcih!hdbZ+%%>gVf^ ?Vn^h] Va GVVW ÆHdaY^Zgh d[ =ZVkZcÇ ]VY i]Z b^h[dgijcZ id Y^hXdkZg l]Vi i]Z^g 6[\]Vc Xd]dgih VagZVYn `cZl# I]Z aZhhdc idd` eaVXZ ^c V [dgi^ÒZY k^aaV\Z XdbeaZm adXViZY cZVg CV_V[! V idlc adXViZY &%% b^aZh hdji]d[7V\]YVY#

Special Tactics pararescuemen stand before an MH-53 Pave Low special operations helicopter prior to a night mission. The highly trained trauma medics are also tactically qualified for air-land-sea insertions into hostile areas.

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Opposite, top: Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen (SWCC) recover parachutes after a successful launch of the Maritime Craft Aerial Deployment System (MCADS). Four parachutes are used to drop an 11-meter rigid hull inflatable boat (RHIB) 3,500 feet from the rear of a C-130 during an MCADS drop. SWCCs conduct a free-fall jump after the RHIB is deployed and prepare to get underway once they reach the water. Special Boat Team 20 is one of the few units in the world with this capability. Opposite, bottom: Secretary of the Navy The Honorable Dr. Donald C. Winter uses a remote device to bring the SEAL Insertion, Observation, and Neutralization (SEALION) craft into port at Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek. SEALION is a Technology Demonstrator craft for the U.S. Navy. Special Operations 2008

Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) students participate in Log PT (physical training) during “Hell Week.” Log PT is a demonstration not only of physical strength and endurance, but the importance of teamwork. The intense physical and mental conditioning it takes to become a SEAL begins at BUD/S training. During this six-month mind and body obstacle course, recruits are pushed to their physical and mental limits. Further development of the core values – honor, courage, commitment, and Integrity – is an essential component of SEAL training and one that is weaved throughout a SEAL’s career. First phase is the basic conditioning phase and is eight weeks in length. Physical training involves running, swimming, and calisthenics, all of which become increasingly difficult as the weeks progress. The fourth week of training, Hell Week, is five-and-a-half days of continuous training with very little sleep. This week is designed to push students to their maximum capability both physically and mentally. The remaining weeks are spent in hydrographic reconnaissance and basic maritime training.

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HSV-X1 BdgZZk^YZcXZi]ViheZX^VadeZgVi^dceaVccZgh VgZ hZZ`^c\ lVnh id Zmead^i cZl bVg^i^bZ Special Operations 2008

®

Essence of Stealth

Alpha Male

Unconventional

Aggressive

Quiet

Driven

Team-Oriented Rouge

Severely Trained

Over Achiever

Focused

Precise

Always Ready

Pure Warrior

Only accomplished by deploying Load-Bearing Equipment designed by an OPERATOR. www.ReconMountaineer.com eMail: [email protected] Phone: 760.207.0056 Recon Mountaineer® LLC is a registered Disabled Veteran Business Enterprise and a SDVOB. Cage Code 3CZ04 Accepting Credit Cards Copyright Recon Mountaineer® LLC 2002–2008 DAM

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SEAL Team members board ?d^ciKZcijgZ, (HSV X1), for a visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS) training evolution by fast roping from an HH-60H Sea Hawk helicopter assigned to the “Indians” of Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Six (HS-6).

Special Operations 2008

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Solo Assault Shelter

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A Special Boat Team member acts as a safety observer behind ?d^ci KZcijgZ (HSV X1) during a Vessel Boarding Search and Seizure (VBSS) training session. Naval Special Warfare personnel had high praise for the ?d^ciKZcijgZ.

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I]Z VYY^i^dcVa b^hh^dch eZg[dgbZY Wn ?d^ci KZcijgZ]^\]a^\]ii]ZgZVa^i^Zh[VXZYWnbVg^i^bZ eaVccZgh ldg`^c\ id ^ciZ\gViZ CHL deZgVi^dch ^cidWgdVYZgcVi^dcVahigViZ\^Zh# 6h]^\]a^\]iZYWni]Z_d^cian"gZaZVhZYDXidWZg '%%, J#H# CVkn$J#H# BVg^cZ 8dgeh$J#H# 8dVhi <jVgY 8ddeZgVi^kZ HigViZ\n [dg '&hi 8Zcijgn HZVedlZg/ ÆI]Z HZV HZgk^XZh l^aa ZhiVWa^h] V eZgh^hiZci\adWVaegZhZcXZjh^c\Y^hig^WjiZY[dgXZh i]Vi VgZ dg\Vc^oZY Wn b^hh^dc VcY Xdbeg^hZY d[ ^ciZ\gViZYCVkn!BVg^cZ8dgeh!VcY8dVhi<jVgY XVeVW^a^i^Zh#I]^h\adWVaY^hig^Wji^dcbjhiZmiZcY WZndcY igVY^i^dcVa YZeadnbZci VgZVh VcY gZÓZXi b^hh^dch gVc\^c\ [gdb ]jbVc^iVg^Vc deZgVi^dch id Vc ^cXgZVhZY Zbe]Vh^h dc XdjciZg iZggdg^hb VcY ^ggZ\jaVg lVg[VgZ# Djg bVg^i^bZ [dgXZh l^aa WZ iV^adgZY id bZZi i]Z jc^fjZ VcY Zkdak^c\ gZfj^gZbZciheVgi^XjaVgidZVX]\Zd\gVe]^XgZ\^dc! d[iZc^cXdc_jcXi^dcl^i]heZX^VadeZgVi^dch[dgXZh VcYdi]Zg^ciZgV\ZcXneVgicZgh½Ç I]ZbVg^i^bZeaVi[dgbZmVbeaZhX^iZYVWdkZ egdk^YZ _jhi V [Zl \a^behZh d[ ]dl i]Z CHL Xdbbjc^in ^h ldg`^c\ id egdk^YZ i]Z gZfj^h^iZ XVeVW^a^i^ZhidbZZii]dhZcZZYhÄVhi]Zn]VkZ ^c i]Z eVhi0 Vh i]Zn Yd idYVn0 VcY Vh i]Zn l^aa Xdci^cjZidbdggdl# Special Special Operations Operations2008 2008

Weight: 4lbs 2oz | Area: 22.5 sq ft + 13 sq ft (Awning)

Assault Sleeping Bag Weight: 2lbs 10oz | Temp Rating: 35ºF | Flex Technoology

Assault Bivy Weight: 1lb 12oz Compatible with all Sierra Designs sleeping bags

BATTLE TESTED TACTICALLY EFFICIENT SUPER LIGHTWEIGHT www.sierradesigns.com/ops i d i / 1-800-736-8592

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>> THE YEAR IN MARSOC: 2007 7n?#G#L>AHDC

The Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC), the latest service element to join SOCOM and the newest SOC in the military, has been a deployed component of U.S. special operations almost from the moment it was first activated on Feb. 24, 2006. So while most new commands have at least two or three years to get organized before being sent into combat, MARSOC literally has been forged in fire.

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“In this last year, as we have really started to deploy, our stock and credibility to get the job done has gone way up, so I would say we are a fully accepted member in the SOCOM community.” – Maj. Gen. D.J. Hejlik, commander, MARSOC Ä VXijVaan i]Z Òghi B6GHD8 XdbedcZci Ä l]^X] WZXVbZ i]Z BVg^cZ HeZX^VaDeZgVi^dch6Yk^hdg]VkZVhiVcY^c\\gdjed[*&+BVg^cZhVcYhV^adghPi]Z[jaa[dgXZl^aaWZ VWdji,%%R!dg\Vc^oZY^cidÒkZhjWdgY^cViZZaZbZcihÄVc^ciZaXdbeVcn!V hjeedgiXdbeVcnPXdbbjc^XVi^dch!Yd\h!ÒgZXdcigdaR!Vad\^hi^XhXdbeVcn PbdidgigVchedgi!Zc\^cZZgh!bV^ciZcVcXZR!9ZiVX]bZciLZhiPl^i]VhbVaa

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“Primarily, we are supporting the theater SOCs in the regional War on Terror plans to enable countries with insurgency problems or extremist elements to control their own backyards.”

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– Lt. Col. Chris Nicewarner, commanding officer, A Company, MARSOC Advisor Group

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Sgt. Eric W. Kasmire of Marine Special Operations Battalion, Alpha Company, from Sacramento, Calif., instructs Staff Sgt. Elijah Fackman on properly lining up a sight on a Marine sniper rifle on the flight deck of the amphibious assault ship USS 7dc]dbbZG^X]VgY (LHD 6) at sea on the Pacific Ocean Feb. 15, 2007. Below: A Navy hospital corpsman assigned to the 1st Marine Special Operations Battalion treats a wounded civilian in a Helmand province, Afghanistan, village after an attack by Taliban fighters on Feb. 26, 2008.

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This page: Australian Special Operations Task Group soldiers on patrol in Afghanistan aboard a Bushmaster Infantry Mobility Vehicle (IMV). Opposite: U.S. and British Army special operations forces take a tactical pause during a combat patrol in the Sangin District area of Helmand Province, Afghanistan, April 10, 2007.

>> THE YEAR IN INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL OPERATIONS: 2007 7nC^\ZaL:HI

Special Operations 2008

>CI : GC 6I >D C 6AHD ;

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The milestones reached by Special Forces in Afghanistan and Iraq are daunting. More commitments, more operations, more personnel deployed, and more casualties.

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H E : 8 > 6 A  ; D G8 : H  6 H H D 8 > 6I > D C

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Below: Mel Smith, current SFA secretary. Right: SFA members at an annual barbecue.

Special Operations 2008

84

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Making M aking a d difference ifference iin n tthe he llives ives of of some some very very sspecial pecial cchildren. hildren. For more than 28 years, the Special Operations Warrior Foundation has remained true to our commitment: To provide full college educations to the surviving children of Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps special operations personnel who are killed in combat or training. Funding is provided for tuition, books, fees, room and board. The Special Operations Warrior Foundation also provides immediate financial assistance to special operations personnel severely wounded in combat.

You can make the difference! 877-337-7693 www.specialops.org

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Opposite: The SFA annual banquet. Above: Ron McCan, a retired command sergeant major with 30 years in SF, and the current SFA vice president.

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We

Know you’re out there somewhere.

And

We Just Know You Do It Well. THANK YOU TO THE QUIET PROFESSIONALS

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A band playing at a Chapter 100 fundraiser for the SFA national chapter.

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Mass Casualty Response Kit TSSI developed the Mass Casualty Response Kit to provide the TS fifirst fir s person on the scene of an IED explosion or other mass ccasualty ca sua situation with the right medical equipment to stabilize the injured until medical evacuation. Eight external loops allow for mounting. The MCK provides the necessary equipment to treat up to eight casualties with life threatening or traumatic injuries such as burns, severe bleeding, amputations, and broken bones. Ideal for buddy care. Pouches are removable and clearly labeled to o identify the type of injury that can be treated: Bleeding (4 pouches) Breathing (1 pouch) Burns (1 large pouch) Tourniquets (1 pouch) Splints (1 large pouch) Litters and Casualty Blankets (2 pouches) In addition to medical equipment, the MCK contains a specially designed Rescue/Access Tool in a sheath, two white chemical light sticks and two battery powered light sticks (each capable of green or IR light). Closed Dimensions: 18”H x 20”L x 14”D

w w w. TA C S U RV. c o m Cage Code #: 0UWS0 GSA Contract #: GS-07F-9123D

540.434.8974 1.877.535.TSSI

Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business

90

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Gunships and Other “Herks” Are Pivotal in Unconventional Warfare 7nGdWZgi;#9DGG

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At the heart of the gunship are the gun systems, which make it a uniquely deadly and accurate strike aircraft. The tale of the AC-130 gunship is not without its bleak chapters, but on balance it is an enormous American success story.

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AC-130U Spooky gunship of the 4th Special Opeartions Squadron at Hurlburt Field, Fla., flies over surrounding areas for local area training proficiency. Today, AFSOC’s few gunships are in high demand.

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AFSOC’s first MC-130W Combat Spear, based on a modified C-130H, was delivered in June 2006.

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Forty bundles of humanitarian supplies are dropped from a C-17 Globemaster III using the Joint Precision Airdrop Delivery System to a drop zone April 13 in Afghanistan. Even drops with standard parachutes are more accurate when the JPADS mission planner is used.

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Special Operations 2008

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Robotic SOF Logistics: Unmanned Mobility/Delivery Systems

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Maj. Russ Hedden (front) and Maj. Daniel A. DeVoe look over the Precision Air Drop System mission planner computer while on an airdrop mission over Afghanistan Aug. 25, 2006. Hedden is a navigator for the 774th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron, while DeVoe is the command tactician at the Air Mobility Warfare Center, N.J. The 774th performed the first operational drop of the GPS-guided Screamer 2K Joint Precision Air Drop System. The system is designed to provide precision airdrops from high altitudes.

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99

Special Operations 2008

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“A squad-size manned or unmanned support vehicle just makes sense in today’s asymmetrical and urban battlefields.” – Gene Holleque, director of Combat Maneuver Systems at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control

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Above: A160T A007 Hummingbird flight test 6.1 with a 1,000-pound payload module. Opposite: Lockheed Martin’s SMSS leverages robotic technologies to support squadsized early-entry, light infantry, and special operations forces. This demonstrator is loaded with a squad’s gear.

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WinTec Arrowmaker, Inc. 12821 Old Fort Road, Suite 302 Fort Washington, MD 20744 Phone: 301-203-0774 Fax: 301-203-8049 www.arrowmaker.com

Providing critical collaboration, solutions, and delivery of long-term services, in support of our Special Operations Forces customers to meet Net-centric and Irregular Warfare challenges. We partner to deliver innovative and adaptive technologies, concepts, program management, mission analysis, experimentation, training and logistics.

WinTec Arrowmaker, Inc. is a proud supporter of the

Special Operations Warrior Foundation

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CIAL OPERATIONS SPE WA RRIOR FOUNDATION

Support Our Fallen Heroes Special Operations 2008


       
 

 
  
  
         

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POC...DELIVERING NEW TECHNOLOGIES

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Physical Optics Corporation®

www.poc.com 20600 Gramercy Place, Torrance, CA 90501-1821 (USA) Ph: 310-320-3088 • Fax: 310-320-5961

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104 ; D G : > < C  I G 6 > C : G H

COMBAT AVIATION ADVISORS The 6th Special Operations Squadron

In the world of combat aviation advisors, the situation can change dramatically and often without notice, sometimes in dire circumstances. The 6th SOS airmen are selectively recruited and rigorously trained for situations in which tactical movement proficiency may suddenly trump classroom instructor skills.

Special Operations 2008

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“Our role is not to shoulder the burden ourselves but to assist others in defending themselves.” – Former Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, 1991 Zbeadn^c\cdc"J#H#V^gXgV[i[dgl]^X]bV^ciZcVcXZ gZXdgYhÄhjX]VhZm^hiÄbVnWZ[djcY^cVYZh` YgVlZg4 DWk^djhan hjX] cdc"hiVcYVgY egdWaZbh gZfj^gZcdc"hiVcYVgYhdaji^dch# :ciZg i]Z +i] HDH l^i] ^ih XdbWVi Vk^Vi^dc VYk^hdgh866YZY^XViZYidÆVhhZhh!igV^c!VYk^hZ! VcY Vhh^hi [dgZ^\c Vk^Vi^dc [dgXZh ^c V^gedlZg ZbeadnbZci!hjhiV^cbZci!VcY[dgXZ^ciZ\gVi^dc#Ç Id ZmZXjiZ i]^h b^hh^dc hiViZbZci! i]Z 866 ÆdeZgViZl^i]!WnVcYi]gdj\]^cY^\Zcdjh$[dgZ^\c [dgXZhidWg^c\[dgZ^\cV^gedlZg^cideaVn#ÇL]^aZ hjX]h]dgie]gVhZhbVnVeeZVghigV^\]i[dglVgY! i]Zn ^c [VXi bVh` i]Z ZmigZbZan XdbeaZm VcY eda^i^XVaan hZch^i^kZ VgZcV ZcXdbeVhh^c\ i]Z VYk^hdgh Vh i]Zn aVWdg id eZg[dgb Y^hXgZZian ^c i]gZZ `Zn [jcXi^dcVa VgZVh/ ZbeadnbZci! hjhiV^cbZci!VcY[dgXZ^ciZ\gVi^dc# :VX] d[ i]ZhZ VgZVh d[[Zgh i]Z 6bZg^XVc VYk^hdgVb^cZÒZaYg^X]l^i]XjaijgVa!eda^i^XVa! VcYaZ\VaX]VaaZc\ZhVaaiddgZVYnidZmeadYZ^c ]^h[VXZl^i]i]Zh^beaZhid[b^hhiZeh#6cYd[iZc i]Z bdhi Y^[ÒXjai hiZe ^h i]Z aVhi/ :kZc l]Zc hjXXZhh^hgZVa^oZYVii]Z]dhi"cVi^dcaZkZa!]dl XVci]^hhjXXZhhWZ^ciZ\gViZY^cidi]ZdkZgVaa J#H#higViZ\n[dgi]Z < C  I G 6 > C : G H 107

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Famed for its rugged simplicity and resultant ease of maintenance, the UH-1 helicopter series is an ideal rotary-wing platform for emerging countries with limited resources. The 6th SOS air crewmen qualified in the UH-1 are also trained to fly the Mi-17.

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108 ; D G : > < C  I G 6 > C : G H

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A CLOSER LOOK AT THE “ODD DUCK” I]ZhfjVYgdcdg\Vc^oVi^dcgZÓZXihVi]dj\]i[ja ]nWg^Y! XdbW^c^c\ Wdi] HeZX^Va ;dgXZh VcY 6^g 8dbbVcYd XdcXZeih# 7di] ]ZVYfjVgiZgh VcY V YZh^\cViZY hjeedgi ZaZbZci WdahiZg Ó^\]ih i]ViVgZgZ\^dcVaandg^ZciZYidhjeedgii]ZJ#H# 8dbWViVci8dbbVcYh#I]ZhfjVYgdcÉhÆ6ÇVcY Æ7Ç Ó^\]ih! [dg ZmVbeaZ! hjeedgi HDJI=8DB VcYE68DBgZheZXi^kZan!l]^aZ8:CI8DBVcY :J8DB VgZ hjeedgiZY l^i] ild Ó^\]ih ZVX]! gZÓZXi^c\i]ZaViiZgÉh]ZVk^ZgYZbVcYh[dg;>9" 6k^Vi^dcXVeVW^a^i^Zh# :VX]Ó^\]i^hXdbeg^hZYd[Wdi]DeZgVi^dcVa 6k^Vi^dc 9ZiVX]bZci"7 D69"7 VcY DeZgVi^dcVa 6k^Vi^dc 9ZiVX]bZci"6 D69"6 ZaZbZcih#I]ZD69"7]VhVcdi^dcVahigZc\i] d[ &% V^gbZc VcY egdk^YZh YZeadnVWaZ 8(! ad\^hi^Xh! VcY VYb^c^higVi^kZ hjeedgi id hjWdgY^cViZ! iVXi^XVa D69"6h# I]Z hfjVYgdc gZ[Zghidi]ZD69"6hVh^ihÆlZVedchnhiZbhÇ VcYi]ZYZiVX]bZcibV`Z"jel^aaadd`[Vb^a^Vg id i]dhZ `cdlaZY\VWaZ d[ J#H# 6gbn HeZX^Va ;dgXZh6"IZVbh# 8dbbVcYZY Wn Vc d[ÒXZg iZVb aZVYZg VcY gjc Wn V iZVb hZg\ZVci! i]Z D69"6 XdbW^cZh V Y^kZghZ h`^aa hZi Veea^XVWaZ id

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More critical still is the airmen’s ability to work in close quarters with indigenous cultures that will inevitably challenge the individual’s temperament and motivation. 7n '%%,! i]Z hfjVYgdcÉh V^gXgV[i ^ckZcidgn ^cXajYZY ild B^"&, ]Za^XdeiZgh! dcZ 86H6"'&' VcY dcZ 6c"'+ igVchedgi! Vh lZaa Vh [djg J=" &=$C]Za^XdeiZgkVg^Vcih#>cVYY^i^dc!ild8"&(% igVchedgihVgZ`ZeiVi=jgaWjgi[dgbV^ciV^c^c\ ^c"]djhZV^gXgZlegdÒX^ZcXn#

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The Mi-17 exemplifies the Russian emphasis on high combat reliability with minimal maintenance that is found throughout its weapons inventory. For such reasons, both the Mi-17 and its predecessor, the Mi-8, are employed by a considerable number of air forces outside the former Soviet bloc.

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“Family Photo.” Cultural adaptability is an indispensable requirement when operating a long way from “Big Blue’s” customary support.

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Above and Beyond the Call of Duty on Murphy’s Ridge:

Lt. Michael P. Murphy and Operation Redwing 7n9l^\]i?dcO>BB:GB6C

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he tactical situation for the SEAL team was desperate. For more than an hour, they had been in a running battle with an Afghan insurgent force estimated to number at least 80 and perhaps as many as 140 fighters. Danny – Gunner’s Mate 2nd Class Danny P. Dietz – was dead. Axe – Sonar Technician (Surface) 2nd Class Matthew G. Axelson – was seriously wounded, shot in the head, chest, and elsewhere. Their commanding officer, Murph – Lt. Michael P. Murphy – was wounded, too. He had taken a bullet in the gut and another in the chest. Marcus – Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Marcus Luttrell – was the only one not wounded. But his body had been badly battered and bruised by their staggered descents down the rugged mountain slope. At the

moment, the three surviving SEALs were in a good defensive position on one of the ridges of the 10,000foot Sawtalo Sar Mountain in the Hindu Kush of Kunar province in eastern Afghanistan. But they needed help fast before their ammunition ran out, before they bled to death, before the anti-coalition militia led by Ahmad Shah overwhelmed their location. Though their radio had been lost earlier in the battle, the team still had Murphy’s mobile satellite phone. But to use it, he had to leave his protected position and make his call in a nearby open area where he’d be a shooting gallery-type target for Shah’s fighters. Murphy reached into his pocket and pulled out his phone. As AK-47 fire ricocheted off the hard ground around him, Murphy headed out to roughly the middle of the open area. Then he sat down on a large rock and, ignoring the bullets whizzing around him, dialed headquarters. Special Operations 2008

114 DE:G6I>DCG:9L>C
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From left to right, Sonar Technician (Surface) 2nd Class Matthew G. Axelson, of Cupertino, Calif; Senior Chief Information Systems Technician Daniel R. Healy, of Exeter, N.H.; Quartermaster 2nd Class James Suh, of Deerfield Beach, Fla.; Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Marcus Luttrell; Machinist’s Mate 2nd Class Eric S. Patton, of Boulder City, Nev.; and Lt. Michael P. Murphy, of Patchogue, N.Y. With the exception of Luttrell, all were killed June 28, 2005, by enemy forces while supporting Operation Redwing.

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“And we arrived on the scene. To be honest with you, it seemed fairly benign. There didn’t seem to be much going on. I would say the potential for violence and combat losses viewed by most of us was low probability. But as you know if you’ve read the story, by Oct. 3, things had deteriorated significantly, and it got more and more violent and the enemy more and more aggressive.” jeVcYhe^cYdlcXdchiVcian!hdcdWdYn\diidd ldgg^ZYVWdji^ijci^alZVXijVaan\diYZeadnbZci dgYZgh# >c [VXi! dc i]Vi dcZ! i]Zn XVbZ WVX` ]dbZWZXVjhZlZlZgZcÉi\d^c\id\d#6cYi]Zc Vh i]^c\h Xdci^cjZY id YZkZade ^c HdbVa^V! lZ hejc je V aVg\Zg! bdgZ XVeVWaZ [dgXZ ^ckdak^c\ i]ZGVc\ZghVcYbdgZ]Za^XdeiZgh#½ 6cY di]Zg egd[Zhh^dcVah [gdb di]Zg dg\Vc^oVi^dch4 G^\]i#6cYlZlZciid7gV\\VcYlZhiVgiZY \d^c\ i]gdj\] i]Z eaVch V\V^c WZXVjhZ i]^h i]^c\ ^h V adi bdgZ Xdbea^XViZY cdl# LZ ]VY

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A “Huey” helicopter flying over Mogadishu gives some impression of the tight maze of streets and buildings. Special Operations 2008

124 >CI:GK>:L

The crew of Super Six Four in Somalia, 1993. Left to right: Winn Mahuron, Tommy Field, Bill Cleveland, Ray Frank, Mike Durant.

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“And I try to make people understand that if they’ve never been in the situation, the best thing I’ve come up with is this: Go to NYC and drive down Fifth Ave. about 75 miles per hour and look into the side streets and see if you can try to figure out what’s going on in those side streets. That’s what flying a helicopter fast and low over a city is like. You don’t have enough time to see what’s happening in these alleyways to make any sense of it. It’s just going by like flashes.”

>CI:GK>:L 125

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“They then hoisted me up in the air and at this point, the bone of my femur goes out the back side of my leg and they start carrying me around through the streets. I’ve got this rag wrapped around my head and they’ve thrown dirt in my face and in my mouth and they’re still out of control, but at least there’s a group trying to keep everyone else at bay. I’m still getting hit with bamboo sticks and that sort of attack as we’re making it through the crowd.” EgdWVWan &* b^cjiZh# I]Zc V\V^c! i]ViÉh Vc Zhi^bViZ#>ilVhadc\Zcdj\]l]ZgZi]ZgZlZgZ dcZ"dc"dcZ ZmX]Vc\Zh [dg V l]^aZ VcY > ÒgZY V [Zlh]dihVcYlZlZgZ]daY^c\djgdlc!ViaZVhi ^c^i^Vaan#6cYi]Zc!VXXdgY^c\idBVg`7dlYZcÉh gZhZVgX]! i]Z ldgY \di eVhhZY i]gdj\] i]Z HdbVa^X]VccZahi]Vii]ZgZlVhVa^\]ianYZ[ZcYZY XgVh]ZY ]Za^XdeiZg Ydlc Vi i]^h adXVi^dc VcY aVg\Z\gdjehd[eZdeaZVcYhjeedgiZghd[6^Y^Y bVYZi]Z^glVnYdlci]ZgZ#6cYndjXdjaYiZaa! dkZgi^bZ!i]Vii]ZÒgZ^cXgZVhZY!VcYZkZcijVaan Y^Y]ZVg]^b#

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“You never want to think, not even consider the thought of, ‘Can I make it six months?’ You will lose that psychological battle. You’ve got to think, ‘I’m going to make it through today. And when tomorrow comes, I’ll figure out what I’m going to do then.’” BVnWZ i]Vi lVh eVgi d[ ^i! > YdcÉi `cdl# 7ji ]ZY^YhdbZi]^c\h^ci]ZcZmiXdjeaZd[YVnh i]Vi!fj^iZ[gVc`an!>lVhVbVoZYVi#>ZcYZYje \Zii^c\ hdbZ `^cY d[ ^ciZhi^cVa egdWaZb [gdb Yg^c`^c\hdbZi]^c\#>cbne]nh^XVaXdcY^i^dc! > XdjaYcÉi Yd Vcni]^c\# > XdjaYcÉi \Zi d[[ i]^h i]^c\>lVhan^c\dc!VcY]ZXaZVcZYbZVaaje#> bZVc!^ilVhegZiinVbVo^c\# 6il]Vied^ciYdndjWZ\^cid`cdli]Vi/ dcZ! ndjÉgZ cdi \d^c\ id \Zi aZ[i WZ]^cY! VcY!ild!i]VindjÉgZ\d^c\id\Zidjid[i]^h hdbZ]dl4 > cZkZg i]dj\]i >ÉY WZ aZ[i WZ]^cY# Id bZ! i]ViÉh _jhi cdi YdcZ# Hd > cZkZg ZkZc gZVaan Xdch^YZgZYi]ViVedhh^W^a^in# I]Z hidgn d[ i]Z EHNDE h]^e \d^c\ dkZg VcY hVn^c\ ndj ldcÉi WZ aZ[i WZ]^cY ½ ^h igjZ4 I]Vi ^h igjZ# >i lVh V ]Za^XdeiZg VcY i]Z \jn i]Vi lVh i]Z kd^XZ! >Éb \d^c\ id hZZ ]^b idbdggdlc^\]i#L]ViVigZbZcYdjhZbdi^dcVa ^beVXi id ]ZVg i]Vi# > cZkZg YdjWiZY ^i! Wji id ]ZVg^i^hXZgiV^canVbZVchd[gZ^c[dgX^c\i]Vi#

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Night Stalkers Commander Col. Rick Bowman (left) presents The Honorable Order of St. Michael to Chief Warrant Officer (4) (CWO4) Michael J. Durant, Task Force 1-160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), at his retirement ceremony.

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The Humvee driven by Lang and crewed by Anderson and Dr. Habib shows the extent of damage caused by the ambush.

Special Operations 2008

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The ambush started from this overpass, the gunman firing from roughly where the sign is torn. The green fence along the road kept the team from escaping to the left.

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The market next to the ambush site blocked the team from moving to the right.

Special Operations 2008

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Frame continued to slip in and out of consciousness repeating, “Butch, I’m hurt real bad. I’m hurt real bad.” Still, Anderson saw, some of his color had returned. Anderson leaned toward Frame and whispered, “Bob, we got you now. We’re going to take care of you. Don’t worry about how this turns out.” ;gVbZ Xdci^cjZY id ha^e ^c VcY dji d[ XdchX^djhcZhh gZeZVi^c\! Æ7jiX]! >Éb ]jgi gZVa WVY# >Éb ]jgi gZVa WVY#Ç Hi^aa! 6cYZghdc hVl! hdbZd[]^hXdadg]VYgZijgcZY#6cYZghdcaZVcZY idlVgY;gVbZVcYl]^heZgZY!Æ7dW!lZ\dindj cdl#LZÉgZ\d^c\idiV`ZXVgZd[ndj#9dcÉildggn VWdji ]dl i]^h ijgch dji#Ç DcZ d[ i]Z bZY^Xh hiVgiZYVc>KVh6cYZghdcdgYZgZYi]Zdi]Zgid \Zi V HVb hea^ci# 6cYZghdc ]ZaeZY i]Z bZY^X Veean i]Z hea^ci VcY i]Zc ijgcZY id i]Z hZXdcY bZY^XVcY]ZaeZY]^bhZii]Z>KegdeZgan#6ii]^h ed^ciAVc\hV^Yi]Vi]^haZ\lVhWdi]Zg^c\]^b# I]Z bZY^Xh \VkZ ]^b V fj^X` add` VcY gZVa^oZY i]Vi]Z]VYV\jch]dildjcYid]^haZ[ii]^\]# 7di] 6cYZghdc VcY i]Z bZY^Xh gZVa^oZY i]Vi ;gVbZcZZYZYidWZ^cVcdeZgVi^c\gddb^[]ZlVh \d^c\idhjgk^kZ#6cYZghdcXVaaZY[dgV]Za^XdeiZg bZYZkVX Wji hddc [djcY dji i]Vi i]Z dcan lVn id \Zi ;gVbZ id V ]Za^eVY lVh je ilZakZ Ó^\]ih d[ hiV^gh Ä V Xa^bW ]Z ldjaY cdi ]VkZ hjgk^kZY# Ijgc^c\idi]Zdcandi]Zgdei^dc!6cYZghdcVcY i]Z bZY^Xh adVYZY ;gVbZ VcY AVc\ ^cid V ÒZaY VbWjaVcXZ l]ZgZ Vcdi]Zg Vgbn ZbZg\ZcXn e]nh^X^Vc idd` dkZg [dg 6cYZghdc# GZa^ZkZY d[ ]^h^bbZY^ViZXdcXZgch!6cYZghdca^beZYidi]Z hZXdcYVbWjaVcXZl]Zc]ZgZVa^oZYi]Vi]Z]VY cdi hZZc 9dcdkVc dg ]^h kZ]^XaZ# GZVX]^c\ ^cid ]^h WaddY"hiV^cZY YZhZgi jc^[dgb! ]Z [djcY ]^h cdiZWdd`i]Vi]VYi]ZWjbeZgcjbWZgh[dgi]Z^g i^cn Xdckdn VcY! WZ[dgZ ]Z ldjaY Vaadl ]^bhZa[ id WZ ZkVXjViZY! XdckZnZY i]Z ^c[dgbVi^dc hd V hZVgX]XdjaYWZ\^c[dgi]ZbV_dg# DcXZ Vi i]Z 8dbWVi Hjg\^XVa =dhe^iVa! 6cYZghdc XdjaY iV`Z i]Z i^bZ id XVaban VhhZhh

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American sailors and Marines make their first amphibious landing in “New Providence Raid,” 3 March 1776. Painting by V. Zveg, oil on canvas, 1973. Fort Montagu is in the left distance, the two captured sloops used by the landing force at far left, and the schooner LVhe and sloop Egdk^YZcXZ at center and far right.

The Nassau Raid: America’s First Joint/Special Operation

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Clockwise from bottom left: Esek Hopkins, Robert Morris, and Samuel Nicholas.

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144 >CI:GK>:L

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146 >CI:GK>:L

Singlaub, second from left, interrogates a captured German officer in France.

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dcXZ"haZcYZghjWbVg^cZcdll^i]VY^hiZcYZYV[iZgYZX`XVjhZYi]ZWdViid WZXdbZVaVj\]^c\hidX`d[i]ZÓZZiVcYWZaVWZaZYÆI]ZEgZ\cVciEZgX]!Ç Vbdc\hidi]Zg!jceg^ciVWaZ!cVbZh# >ci]^hcZlXdcÒ\jgVi^dc!i]ZEZgX]]VYVXXdbbdYVi^dch[dg&&*igddeh! VcYi]Z]Vc\VgXdjaYVXXdbbdYViZVaVcY^c\kZ]^XaZigVX`ZYAKIXVeVWaZ d[XVggn^c\V_ZZeVcYidlZY,*bbXVccdcdgZ^\]i&%"bVcgjWWZgWdVih# >c i]Z bdci]h aZVY^c\ je id i]Z @dgZVc LVg! i]Z EZgX] eVgi^X^eViZY ^c cjbZgdjhigddeVcYXVg\d"XVggn^c\ZmZgX^hZh# Dc i]Z bdgc^c\ d[ ?jcZ '*! &.*%! h^m Y^k^h^dch d[ i]Z Cdgi] @dgZVc 6gbnXgdhhZYi]Z(-i]eVgVaaZai]ViY^k^YZYi]ZeZc^chjaV^cidCdgi]VcY Hdji]@dgZV#I]Z@dgZVcLVg]VYWZ\jc# I]ZEZgX]Vgg^kZY^c?VeVc^c6j\jhiVcYlVhhddc_d^cZYWnGdnVaBVg^cZh [gdbcYZeZcYZci8dbbVcYdjcYZgi]ZXdbbVcYd[ LdgaYLVg>>kZiZgVcAi#8da#9dj\aVh7#9gnhYVaZ#)&8dbbVcYd]VYWZZc [dgbZYdc6j\#&+idVhh^hi^cd[[Zch^kZdeZgVi^dchV\V^chiXdbbjc^hiigddeh# I]ZÆ>cYZeZcYZciÇYZh^\cVi^dc\VkZ9gnhYVaZWgdVYZgVji]dg^ini]VccdgbVa! WZXVjhZ^ibZVcii]Vi]Z!VcYcdi]^hhjeZg^dgh^c7g^i^h]]ZVYfjVgiZgh!lVh gZhedch^WaZ [dg Vaa deZgVi^dcVa VcY ad\^hi^XVa bViiZgh# I]Z jc^i ldjaY aViZg VX]^ZkZ cdidg^Zin ^c i]Z 7ViiaZ d[ 8]dh^c GZhZgkd^g l]Zc! Vh eVgi d[ IVh` ;dgXZ 9gnhYVaZ! ^i [dj\]i ^ih lVn i]gdj\] =Zaa ;^gZ KVaaZn# )& 8dbbVcYd aViZggZXZ^kZYi]ZEgZh^YZci^VaJc^i8^iVi^dc# I]Zjc^iVgg^kZYVi8VbeBXciZch^kZigV^c^c\ZchjZY# DcZ^cY^k^YjVal]dlVhh`Zei^XVad[i]Z7g^i^h]8dbbVcYdhegdedhZY Xdcig^Wji^dclVhi]ZhjegZbZXdbbVcYZgd[J#C#[dgXZh!c V gZWjiiVa! ?dn lgdiZ! ÆI]Z )& GdnVa BVg^cZ 8dbbVcYd lVh [dgbZY VcY igV^cZY ZheZX^Vaan id XdcYjXi XdbbVcYd gV^Yh# EaVch VgZ gZVYn [dgYZhigjXi^dcd[hZkZgVa`Zned^cihWZilZZcaVi^ijYZh)%VcY)& dcPi]ZRZVhiXdVhi#7Za^ZkZi]ZnXVcWZZmZXjiZYl^i]djihZg^djh g^h`#HjWbVg^cZXgZlVcYXdbbVcYdhVgZ`ZZcidÒ\]iVcY\V^c ZmeZg^ZcXZ [dg ZkVajVi^dc d[ i]^h ineZ d[ dg\Vc^oVi^dc#Ç ?dn lVh VWaZ id XVggn i]Z YVn V\V^chi i]Z \ZcZgVa! l]^X] lVh cd hbVaa VX]^ZkZbZci# L^i]^c V bdci] d[ ^ih Vgg^kVa! V YZiVX]bZci d[ )& 8dbbVcYd Vhh^hiZY^ci]Z>cX]dcaVcY^c\#I]Zjc^iÉhÒghiaVg\Z"hXVaZb^hh^dc

dXXjggZYdcCdgi]@dgZVÉhZVhiXdVhiVWdjiildlZZ`haViZg0VhVWdiV\Z b^hh^dc ^c hjeedgi d[ i]Z edhi">cX]dc d[[Zch^kZ XVbeV^\c id YZhigdn gV^a ijccZah dc Cdgi] @dgZVÉh ZVhi XdVhi! cdgi] d[ =jc\cVb# EgZk^djhan i]Z ijccZahVcYgV^aa^cZh]VYWZZc]^iWnV^ghig^`Zh!WjiYVbV\ZlVhb^c^bVa# DWZn^c\ BVX6gi]jgÉh hig^Xi dgYZgh i]Vi XVeeZY i]Z h^oZ d[ V heZX^Va deZgVi^dch b^hh^dc [dgXZ Vi ,% bZc! 9gnhYVaZ dg\Vc^oZY [dg i]Z gV^Y V Xdci^c\ZciXdbedhZYd[]^bhZa[!i]gZZd[ÒXZgh!VcY+(cdc"Xdbb^hh^dcZY d[ÒXZghVcYbZc# I]ZeaVcXVaaZY[dgVgV^YdcildgV^agdVYWZYVcYgV^alVnijccZaiVg\Zih# I]Z EZgX]! hjeedgiZY Wn i]Z YZhigdnZgh JHH BVYYdm 99 ,(& VcY JHH =ZgWZgi?#I]dbVh99--(!ldjaYXVggni]Z8dbbVcYdhidVegZYZiZgb^cZY adXVi^dcd[[i]ZCdgi]@dgZVcXdVhi#IgVchedgiidVcY[gdbi]ZWZVX]ldjaY

One entry in the EZgX]’s log noted, “The Royal Marines were experienced raiders with a ‘can do’ attitude comparable to that of the EZgX]’s. They seemed to enjoy having more thrown at them than they could possibly assimilate in the short time available, and rose to the occasion by becoming a well-trained and coordinated submarine raiding team in a remarkably short time.” WZ Wn ^cÓViVWaZ aVjcX] gV[ih idlZY Wn V bdidg^oZY h`^bbZg i]VilZgZ Vaa XdciV^cZY^ci]ZEZgX]ÉhV[iZgYZX`]Vc\Vg#>ciZaa^\ZcXZ[dgi]Zb^hh^dclVhV b^mijgZd[\ddYVcYWVY#GZXdccV^hhVcXZe]didhlZgZXaZVgVcY\VkZbjX] kVajVWaZ^c[dgbVi^dc!WjibVehVcYX]VgihlZgZeddg#A^iiaZlVh`cdlcVWdji i]ZhZVYZei]hVcYWZVX]XdcY^i^dchVgdjcYi]ZaVcY^c\h^iZ#JcYZglViZg b^cZh!ZcZbneVigdaWdVih!VcYaVcYeVigdahlZgZVcdi]ZgXdcXZgc#Hi^aa!i]Z g^h`hlZgZ_jY\ZYVXXZeiVWaZ!VcY!dcHZei#'*!i]ZEZgX]ZciZgZYi]ZHZVd[ ?VeVcVcYhZiXdjghZ[dgCdgi]@dgZV# 778 _djgcVa^hi VcY BZbWZg d[ EVga^VbZci I]dbVh :# 9g^WZg\ ]VY V gVgZ deedgijc^in id VXXdbeVcn )& 8dbbVcYd dc hdbZ d[ ^ih b^hh^dch#>cVgZedgiWgdVYXVhidc9ZX#'%!&.*%!]ZhV^Y!ÆI]ZhZaVYh \gZl gZbVg`VWan fj^X`an ^cid i]Z bddY VcY djiadd` i]Vi hZZb id WZ X]VgVXiZg^hi^X d[ i]^h heZX^Va `^cY d[ djiÒi/ DcZ b^\]i YZÒcZ ^i Vh V cdcX]VaVcihZa["hj[ÒX^ZcXn!VYZWdcV^gVhhjgVcXZi]Vi^hcZkZgVggd\Vci! VhZa["bdX`^c\idj\]cZhh#I]ZXdbbdc^YZVd[8dbbVcYdÈidj\]cZhhÉ USS EZgX] (SSP-313) after being recently converted to a troop transport at Mare Island Navy yard, Calif. The large cylindrical chamber on the afterdeck is a watertight storage space for the stowage of amphibious landing equipment. While the new configuration attracted derisive nicknames, it was a pioneering step for special operations.

152 JH H E : G8 =

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Royal Marines of 41 Commando plant demolition charges along railroad tracks of an enemy supply line, which they demolished during a commando raid 8 miles south of Songjin, Korea.EZgX]’s work with the Royal Marines was the high point of its Korean deployment. Note the U.S.-issued equipment such as the M-1 Garand rifles.

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158 I= :DG> C 6 A H

A few of The Originals, clockwise from left: Pat Riley; Paddy Mayne; Bob Bennett; “Gentleman” Jim Almonds.

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