The Hanoverian Army of the Napoleonic Wars

OSPREY· MEN-AT-ARMS SERIES

206

'The %noverian ~my ofthe ilpoleonic mrs ..

Text by PETER HOFSCHROER

Colour plates by BRY

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The Hanoverian Army ofthe llpoleonic //Mrs

1I1trotlttctioll LaLe ,Lhat

r

BriLi h rown f

arri d it m r qllipm I1l lar 1 imilar to tho u d in th BriG h I'm. Th King rman L gion, fI rm d in J 8 3, wa ba d m r on an amalgam f Han v rian and Brili h militar tradition. ot all red oats arm d with Lh Brown B s auld p ak th King' 'ngLi h'-Ih' king rum If wa p rhap n t a pr fi i I1l in lhe languag as he 'hould ha e be n. me Oflh m st reliabl troop \ ellington had at Wat rl 0 were r d-coaled G rmans eterans of th K L. Contemporary waterco)ou.r, from the eries by RODDeDberg, howing aD officer (left) and l'rivauo of the 8th Infantry Regiment in c.J79J; fbi unit had garrisons at Cell", Gifhom, Bnrgdorf and Hnde heim. The red c:oat' was faced white, and button and lace were i1Vf>r aDd white. For general characteristics. cr. Plates AI, B3.

Han

rian arm

w r

lIni~

rm

and

3

Tile ArJlll)' rfIII E~ ctorate oj·HallOv. J., 1792-/8°3

I 92. of Hat

tcrritori

be arne a pawn in the power n Britain Fran and Pru ia. t J w to m d rni. cn ar \1\ ar was Irill r gulaLi n . III infantry ot lh ir in '784, th a all' in 1787. Th a\'alr} ere particular! !Tood. he di tanc at whi h tta ks \ ere t be laun hed were re.lri led that th ommandin officer ould maintain lief ontrolofhi m n. r particular note is th fa l that h Ii hl dra n had the arne regulations a the re l f th avalry' th Han v rian h r wa lhu b r Ilk th 'all-purp , cavalry of the I th 'ntu lhan lh '. P iali t avaJr of the 18th. Omcerand ma.nofthe 14th lnfantry in c.1791, at about the Om.• of its return £rom the lndie but before it (and the 15th) WOft disbanded and used to form the new 14th Ligbt lDfantry. Th. red coat are faced reeD.; 'metal' and lace are i1ver and whit.. Uuusu:ally, the officer' lapel" bear lace loops' both meA seem to have lace-edged collars; and note the atypical lace trim around the top of the cu.£l'_the right-band man fDA repre ent an NCO? Plumes in tbi unit were yeUow/white for officers and red/white/greeD for rankers. (Ronnenberg)

h Ip w re arm m her

CZ3ataiHon lum &efecbt. K-O-O-O-UOU-O-K-O-K pp

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1111

1111

1111

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AAA i\u

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K

5c1)iil!cn

l\ Ko

her ware t emphasis on proper u'aining in lh Han v rian c airy, In f; ct th ann ommand nt a far a pp intin r '01 nr I lraill (Regimcnlsbel'cif r) OlraU 0 that a h

rf 'ment v a, :rain d t xa tl the am landaI'd. FurtbenTIor ,a tll orth errnan Plain is w('l1-

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Bt TI'TTT '1'1' TT TT 1'T '1''1" TT

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Hano erian infantry battalion in banJe formadon. up fO 180$ rhe key i as follows: Ko = conu:nander, M = major A = adjutant, K = captain, 0 = lieutenant or ensign, 040 = artillery officer, So = skirmishers' officer, F = colour, U = CO, All = artillery CO, H = bugler T = dl'11.lD.Dler or musician, Z = apper, A = gunner B' = battalion dl"lUllD1er, Ka = cannon, Pr = limber P = horse; long bars indieate rank of men.

rman

kn wn rcr the quality of it h r A h Lh Hallo\' rian ah'y w' parti ul rI w Um unt d, . pile a lack offunding Han cr', m unt d arm

n flh be t lrain d and m unt din urope. al' und t1J am tim !'liller nd Engin I' . ho rc und d and a hj h I v I pI' fl ionali m wa n ura d' artill I' 1 attended rc r on ear, om 1 for thr . charnI

pra tical ll'ainin in Hano

h t th [am u reformer of th Pru ian rmy tau hI attlUs ho I; he had join d -tor[f cavalry r' 'menr a orn t (Faelznriclz) in 17 7 aft r

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mu h th 'gran I omOlon in 18th

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.'chaumbur -Lipp. hims If n f lh r at mililar think rs of this era. harnhorst on I . am nr fa gJ' up f ffi er d v 1 d 1 the

ref< I'm nd m derni ali n rlh Han rian arm . ill ludin lh th n- aptain F ri dl'i h \' n del'

cnataiIfon K

o

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K

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n An infantry blUulion in parade formadon. as in the previous diagram.

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5

Konnenberg' watercolour of aD officer and man of the Militia regiJnenlll, c.li91. The red coats are faced white; Dote absence of lace loop on the ranker's uniform. Despite the generally advanced attitude to nlllitary training, the Electorate suffered from dwindling manpower, and these ten [.alldreginumur were incorporated into the Line in 1794- most unpopula.r decree.

unifi d mmand 'tru tUl'e like thal f th (hen h clivi in:. Thi' horl omin Y b came apparel1l during lhe \\:al' f lh fren h R voJuLi nand hamhor. t a' Quart rma. ter- n ral of lh Han v rian army , mpl in'd I ill rly aboul it. , ob d w uld v r b Ij ',he remark d. '(bal W am paignecl r 18 month in the area around M uron i-nia Werwikand ourtraivithoul havin a map of th ar a. and r ught baltic \ ithou[ prcci knowledg il ven lhough [ 0 ngin r ffi r uld have mapp d il in a fI da :.' Fr m 178 , the I' gim l1laJ arLiller \ a. mann d y . 1 l d m n [I' m a h baltaiion of [he infantry r 'gim nt ho rc . ed addi Lional pay [or lheir dUlic·. Furthermore a batt ry fh artill r va'

or

6

skinnishers. Some Hanoverian olTieers played an important pari in this debate, including Wissel and Emmerich; howcver, a lack of financcs prevcnted thl'Ory being put into practice. In common with othcr German states, Hanovcr slarted 10 introducc a light infantry elcmcnt into the ~ne formations. Du Plat, the Inspcctor of Infantry, ~ued a Rcgulalion in 1800 instructing his regiments to train onc officer, four NCOs and 60 men per battalion as Sharpshooters (Schmjschllet.;:m), anned with the light Grenadier musket. ~lort'Over. the third rank of each company was to ~ used as a 'Reserve Platoon' for the skirmish fight in faCtlhe Hanoverian army was disbanded before this Regulation was put into practice).

Organisatiol1 Infantry In t789 the Infantry consisted ofone Guard and 15 Line regirnellLS, the last two ofwhich were serving in the East Indies. rcturning in 1791/92. Each regiment consisted of two battalions each having olle company of Grenadiers and live or Musketecrs. The regimcntal staff consisted of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, twO majors. one regimental surgeon, one regimcnwl drummcr, rour oboists and the regimental driver. The 12 companies containcd a total of eight captains, two acting captains, 12 lieutenants, tcn ensigns, 24- sergeants, 2+ junior scrgcallls, 36 corporals, 28 musicians, 152 grenadiers and 480 musketeers. Each infantry rcgimclll had rour 3 pdr. cannon served by six sergeants and 32 men. The regimental artillery was commanded by a trained artillery ofliccr. The regimental garrisons werc as follows: Guard Regimmt: Hanover. lsi "!fRegl.: Mllcnden, Dransfeld, I-Iedemllcndcn, Uslar, HardC!.rscn. 2nd InjRtgL Einbcck, Moringen, Osnabrucck. 3rd InfRegl.: Hamlin (I-Iameln). 4th "!fRegt.: Stade. jth bif,Rtgl.: Vcrdcn, Hoya, Walsrodc, Bucckcl1, Rethcm. 6th II/j.Regt.: Nicllbu"g, Neustadt, Stollcnau, WunstOI"r. 7th "!fRegl.: Hamlin. 81h b!fRegt.: Celie, Gilhorn, Burgdorr, Hildcshcilll. 91h bifRegt.: Nonheim, Ostcrode, Gocllingcll. IOlh b!f.Rl'gt.:

The aecond and fourth coloun of the lOth Infantry Re~meDt; though DOt very clea..l), iIIuaU·.ted in thue ....productions f..om Schi..m ...., the)' ~ve an impre>lllion of the elabo...te deliigns used it! th .. pre-ISo] un,)'. 80th were dark green, with a white ceot...1 dilC and blu.. scroUa, the motifs being painted in aah.ral colou....

7

m j r (cu\'alr) and infantry}. t\ bri adr adjutanls ( avaJr ' and infanu ), n quarlerm.lcr g ncral veil cngine roll cr s.i glide, on[' taff rIal' wlth on I rk on auditor g n ral with on I rk n lafT haplain with on n d t r n ur on n waggon g ner I, n staffqu rt I'm, t r. Finally, til I' fi Id po I and m di al p r ann I. It-!:lalLlry: Th I' gim nl U d ~ r lhi. orp w I' lh uard, 4-th 5Lh tb, I III nd 1 I Lh .. a Il regimen! on-i I d of lwo ballaJion and \ as organi ed . r II ws: nior lafJ. I n I, Ii ut nant- 01 on I. t a majors. Intermediale and JunioT 'Iaff n r 'gim 'ntal quarterm tel'. lW adjutant n fi Id eh, plain. one audit r. on r. im tHaI ur n r im Iltal drummer ci ht bit lw driv' , on urer.

ffi cr

The econd colo.... of the 12th Infantry Regiment; in this unit the colou.rli, following the facings, were yellow. The Royal cyphers in the comer of the e colours CO • ted of a crowned GR' over 'Ill'. (Sc:bir:mer)

1wa

er cant, four

of the 'LX re .menu rcnadier Battalion. r nadi r ompani

or

Hano r. lllh Inj:Regl.: uen burlY. 12th hifRegt.: lz n, Lu n bur Harl urg. '3th J,!/Regl.: Ratz bur. I f lin, Lau nbur BI k d , Hitz ker, Dannenb rg u h w, ul tro . 14th irifRegt.: Ea t rndi . (U1 til 17 J I ). 15th lrifReot.: Ea. I Indi . (Ulllil 171:)1/2). he Hano eriau arm omribut d a conlin em 10 Ih Ui d army oppo ing lh into Hiland. Thi uxiliar 12-13 000 men and \" rani mera! loJf. n general Ii u nanl-g n raj f avalry, on g n raj f infalllr ,tw major-g n ral f avalry f Ul' m jor- n ral r infan r, n maj r- n r I f artillery. h n ral omm ndin . p ronal slaff on.i I d f nc ni r cavalr adjutanl n ni r infantr adjul nl ne adjutant g n ral and on aide-d - amp. . a h of lh 1J Ulenam- cneral had tv.' 'eniar adjulant ach of th majorg n ral' had one. Th r w r al I .. 0 bri ad

tll"O adjutant, on hapJain. n udit I' n rl'llimental urg on, on r gim ntal drumm r, tw drin' . one armourcr and one waggon rna t r. Each compan had on aptain two fir t lieul nant t.. ani n , on nt-major four )l' ant .ix c rp ra1 11(' c mpan I ur eon I a firers,lhr e drummer, I junior rporals and / 8 pril-at '" Each of the Jaeger ompanie ansi ted of one aptain ne fu' I Ii ut'nant tl n igns, two or am on armour 1', on fani r (i ur orp ral', onl ompan urg on two bugl rs and 8 ja g r, I'h regil1lmlolortillelJ' n i'l d f ix un rv d b

B m II, F r lh i d n

Four or Lhe Hallow/ian 'r nadi r battalion i led £'four com panic , a h with one aptain, n Ii ut nant, IW n, ign, ne rgeant-maj I' Iw ergeam' one njor orporal ne farri r hV orporal on ompany urg on. Lhr drumm rs t\ fill r 14juni r orp ral. nd 1'24 gr nadi 1', The afl' on'i I d of n omrnand r, n adjutant on battalion ur n n staff farri r n ma'L I' n arm urer and on dri cr. Th b uaJi n artill ry c n i ted ron 'er ant. two c rp ra1 and I gunners, The artillcr w mmand d a orporal who had ev n driver lind I' him. h battalion lrain on'i led of n dri er ~ r the merucal \ aggon four dri er iLh lh bread wa 'n. and / I ilh th pa k hoI' e , he th renadier Bn. had th am 'laff aruIJery and train lh olh r ompanie bUI had ix ompani ea h on i, ling f n aplain, n lieul nant on n ign, one haplain on s I' anI, Il

r

Officer and Ulan of the CavaJry Life Guard Regirneut, c.1791: red coats faced with blue, lined white, with gold 'lDetal and lace and white sm.allclothes; cf.Plate BI. (Ronnenberg)

9

one cl1Jor r: rrier, t\ 0 orporal on mpan drummer t 0 lfcl' I lUI I I' orp rals and 7 gr nadi '1", 11 f1v batt lion hared t\ 0 arrilJ ry omc r , Ea h fu k t r ballalion had four ompanje, Th lo ff nit d f l v a staff offi er, on re imcmal quartermast r on adjulant, n regim ntal .urge n, n I' gimcntaJ drummer on armourer, one waggon ma t rand ne dri er. E ch ompan con i t d of on' ptain, ne Ii uten nl two n ign ne cr ant-maj r. two ergeant, onc ni r orporal, n [arri r fi 'orporal one mpan urg on thre drummers 14 juni I' orp ra\. and 124 privat ,Th ba talion artill r nit d of c:!ln rg ant two orporal and ] unn r, "h tr in n·i t d fan 'orp ral and ,e n dri rs, h re weI' al 20 driv I with th baggaO'c and br 'ad waggons, Thc Light I nfan tr R gim l1t \ a r th Officer and man of the 5th Cavalry (Dragoon) Regiment, c,I791, in blue uniforms faced white. Despite the dragoon designation, the uniform is hardly distinguishable from that of the heavy 'Reiter' regiment, as e,g. Plate A3. (Ronnenberg)

th: taJJ: four talf offi er two adjutant r 'm ntal quart I'ma t r on regimental ur n, n b ttali 11 ur n, on regim mal drumm I' n armour I' on wa on ma ler, on dri er. ach compau),= n captain n lieu nant, two n ign one erg ant-major t\ 0 crgeant onc -cnior corporal 01 e farrier our orporal one ompany urg on twodrumme ,I junior orporal 74 prival . a h Jaeger compan),: n ap in on Ii ut nam, twO n ign on cr ant-maj I' tw I' ants nior orpor I, on farri I' four orporal, n ompan urgeon, t\ 0 bugler one armourer and 84J a ger, Regimmtal artil/elJ': tw 3 pdr, two amu ette on n ign (from the ,rillcr R gL) two ergcant our orporal and 28 gunn r. Art£LieIJ' traill: tw orporal , 15 d ri er, Baggage train: two d ri ve wi th th pa k waggon ight drivers with th br ad a gon, 0 driv I' with lh pa k hoI' In 1798 a an nom}' m a 'ur lh th and 12Lh Infamr R gt, W I' di band d and their om ers and m n tran ferr d Lo th lh rr gim nl . Furth rmor, v ry b ttalion was reduced in lr n th b iu krt I' ompan and th I +th Light 10 Lboth it. Ja gel' compani , in 18 I. From 1799t 1801 the9thancll~rhR t .didnolcxil; the thcr regim nt weI' I t I' numb r d until 18 2. Th uard Regim nl wa I' or ani cd a follow: '/(iff. on olon I on Ii ut nant- 1 n I, l\ 0 major I lw adjutants on regim mal quart I'm ' leI' on artill I' ofTi r on regim nLal ur eon. f4 ur mpan ur on' n I' 'gimental drumm r. i ht oboi. t' driv r. Reg£menlal artillel]': one 'ergcant lhr rp ral 24 unn r, renaditr compa7lJ'= on captain on mr ti utenant on ond lieutenant, one en i n on er ant-m Jor one sergeant one senior c rporal one farrier four orporal two drummer two fUel'S ix junior orporal 86 gr nadier ,Thre Mu keieer cOlllpal/itJ W I' 0 the ame u'ength a he Grcnadi r C pI tha h· had no fif4 I' '. Th trength of an Infantr regim nt a the am xc pl lh l it nl had on adjutant. The me ppli d L lh Li hL I' m III x pI that each a th four 'ompani , had thr R ruit w I' n rmall v lunL I' occ ionall ,unil w r br u ht up 1 tr n th b) forms of conscription such as in 1793, ub tilUl were not allowed, HO\i v I' rai ing men in u h a f4 Ilowin

ay pro\t:d loa time- on liming and ..-alLlnLeel 'f lak'n rr m LIl jail -whi h, I' Ut' I d to a dl lin in di ciplinal-y standard. Th ommander. or Lh I nlallLry r LIn n . \ ere il.-ftll \II: ',lIord Re ;mell/: 178 Prin' Ad Iph fri drich Duk ( mbridg . I

nl R'gim III: 1781-V0I1 ,fh 'th r. :!lId

Rrg;ml'7l/:

LOckhau 'en, 17

1792-von 1 endorlr

-v n

18 2-V n

Oill'k1a , rd Regiment: [792-\ on

chei lh r, 1794- on • t('dJin , /f/l & illle1ll: 1788-von 1\11 ulio .1 7 3-\,on B thml'f.

jl" Regimen/:

Hohorst.

I

178B-v n d

7 7-v n Hug,

l'

B ck I 800-v

17

n

n Ha II. fi"t Re imellt: 17 - v n B', I 17 2-\' n Hamm tein. 711/ RfuimNl/: 1781-von de1' Bu che, 179 u PiaL. 81lt R lmelll: [76'2-P1'in Ernst or}\lI ckJ n I llf , 18o:'!-P1'in or' hwa1'zbur,g- onder hallS 'n. ,/111 Regiment: 17 n u rnhcim 17 3 -v n Wan coh im 1794-v n Duering 17 von Hu 0 17 . band d. ro/It Regimenl: 17 2-V n Diep nbroi k, 17 lTe 180L-V n del' W n 'e, 1 -r~numb I' d 180:'!

h Lill uard rc imcnl had five capLain, hI' a ling a tain, (Jv fir. t Ii uL naill' ighl ond Ii ut n nL., i hL . I' ant. i ht quart rma t I , ei hl trainer'. J corp ral'. 8 trumpeLer and 304 tro p I' . ' a h H vy regim nL wa or imila1' constilution e~,,(' pt hal il had onl) two a tin captain . ix Jr lieut nan and eight con L. Th" Drago n I' gim nL \V l'(' al similar, but had fi captain' tw aptain, ix r1r t lieuLenam and ight en ign. Tit slan' or a Drago n rc:gim 'nL e n. i.-led I' thr (> stalf offi r, one regimenL< I trainer, on I' rim mal lIr,!?; on, on I' 'gim n I \' L'rinar ' u r 11 k tLledrumm r, II ur 10i . nd n r gim >nlal d1'i\' 1'. The Ligh l Dra T on 1" • m 'Ill' had the me. Lalf a L1 Drag nand 1\1(' pL in" two a lin cal lain'. ix fir. L Ii ut nant· and ighl send lieul nant . The headq uarter r the I' giments were a. follow: Lift Guard: Hano\' r IJI Call. Regl.: The officer and trooper of the 9th Cavalry (Queen's Light Dragoons) in c.1791 display considerable uniform differences from the beavy regiJnent . The act design of the jacked cap or hat is hard to m.ake out; cr. our attempted reconstruction in Plate 82. (Ronnenberg)

°

nb. /I/It Regimen I: 178 ount Taube, 17 5-v0I1 Di'pnbrik 18 -1'numb1'·dlolh. /2/1/ Regimellt: 1783- n Lin ingen, 17 5-v n \\'ahhau 11, 17 8-ill ·banded. /.1lh I?egimenl: I 792-\' n Be I 1795-vol1 h i Lher, 1802-1' numb l' d IILh. I If" Regiment: 1793-\1 n Wan nhim, 17(4-V 1'1 i P I1broick, 18o_-1'enuml e.1' d 12Lh.

rcgim nL t IllpanJ

h re im mal LafT on i ted I' on· Ion I n Iieut nam- olon I ne maj r, on r gim mal trainer on urgeon, on I' gim nLal \ l I~inary ur e n, one keuIc-clrumm r on laff Lrump 'L r (IlIeI n regimental dri,'{'r. II

d lieu-

h [th Light th n d b tw jUI1i r

olurionar lr Ilglh Unknown Arti t' inlpres ion of aD officer ofa light cOlDpany of a Line battaliOD of the King' GerlDll.D Legion, c.18,S' (BoJl1ll.J1D Mu ewn, Celle)

I'

m nl

the, , r gimenb quadr n r ur a r lb ~ [Jowing

n r gimenLal aI.

Re I.:

·av. Regt.: a . Reol.: 'a . Re L.:

Artillery & Train In '78 th rtill ry R gim nl on i ted of hvo battalion a h r fiv mpani. Th taIl niL d fane alone! n'lieul nanl- I n I. 1\110 majo : one regim mal urgeoll one cretai', OIlC regim mal drumm rand e\' 11 b i '. In ill I 12

or

six caplain d rce a a lOlal cn lieuL n m.s, 1 n n ign , 32 ('I' ('"'dnl - _ c rp ra.I'. (a drumm . 4 b mbarclie and 480 gunn r . I e r im IlL w il . on d ,in Hanov r Hamlin Ralzebur .. lade Jnd H rbur . Th u -ili'Jry rp' of 1793 wa join d b thr divi.ion r anill ry G L t I 2 'annan and ( howiLz'rs. 1 wo clivi 'ions ea h ansi, I d of I'n 6 pc! ., r. ur 7 pdr . and two 3 pdr. h iLZ r . Ea h

dhi i n wa. eli id d inl Lw ballcrie each or Lh same constitution. he Lbjrd ill ision can isted of all d' L' I' Horse ,tiller quipped 'Yvilh [our 3 pell'S. and lw 7 pdr. h wilZ r. Th manpo'Y er 'Y a. allocated a roll ow: fIor e ,lrldltT)l: our am r, two rgean' 12 corp rat·, on ran'ier two a' i lant rani r two drumm I' ,48 bombardi r and gunner., one arm urer, one "j Lant on 'ompan 'ur ·on. 1.\/ OJld 2/ld Diuision: E.a h 12 (2nd 1 ) orn rs e n . r cam, 24 corporal. thr fan'i I' 'ix a' i tant farri 'x drumm r. I 2 b mbarcli rand

une

apprenLi one drivcl'. i . ion or HOT e ampalgn.

n

rLill'r .....

rai d fi r

Survivin coatee of an officer of th 5th Line Battalion, KGL, c.18IS' Of scarlet faced with dark blue, it i laced goLd; the gilt buttons bear a croWD over 'KGL' over '5'. On the white tail turnback are dark blue dia.mond bearing a crOWD above 'KGL above crossed branches. (Stadtmus um Hannover)

one armourcr, one a j tam one uracon , nd clivi j n n1 ) LW mpan urg n. For ach h \ 'IZ I' the Hal'. Anilh-rr arri d: hi'll a round rani L r 17 in ndjari . and ~ I' a hannon, 13 I' und and rapshol. In 1". I' e for ea h h wilzer w rc 4 h,lIs 5 rounds canisler and Ihr inc ndjari f I' a b gU.ll11CI

or

cann n

re

I

8

I'

und b t

round

r

grap hot. Ea b Di\ . ion , pdr. ho itzer, L 11 in ndiari ,. Ci I' 'a h 7 pdr. h \> ilzer-18o h II 5 round, or 'ani t 1', 0 in ndiarie" and rc J' ra h ann n-'210 round and grap shot. Th R gim ntaJ rtiJl ry had 136 round h l and 84 rap Ii I' a h "un' tb r nadi r Battali n how I' carri d 192 round and 128 ammunili n w

arried in

'9 2 mal

'3

King's Colour, 4th Line BD., KG!., awarded by George ill in 1806 aDd carried at Waterloo. Made of painted silk, the UniOD Bag bears a croWD aDd a wreath of mixed ro es and thistles in Datural colours, around a dark blue cartouche edged with gold stylised foliate bordering aDd bearing 'KING'S/GERMAN LEGJO /IV BATIAUON' in gold. (Stadtmusewn Hannover)

Th

: rp

had

n

en Ign on ~ ag n ma tcr raul' ergeam and qu rt rma tel' even corporal, one harnes mak r. n c mpan surgeon one v t rinar surg on two apprentice mith, t a appr nti wh 1\ right two apprentice saddl 1" and '24 train Idier. Ea h Hay Batter had a Train ornpany a Lh following tr nth: n aptain ne lieutenant, one en ign one master fi ergeant and quart rma t rp ral one harnessmak I" n mpan UI" can one veterinary urgeon on ma t I' smith and 111ree apprentices one rna tel' whe Iwright and two apprenti on ma t r addl r and two apprenli ,129 train ldi I' . h taff on i ted or I major on adjutant, one regim ntal qu rt rma t I' on ecretary one r gim ntal urg n. thr compan surg on' one bier arm urer one a' i tant, four junior armour -I' , raul' a sistant. anel111e regimental drummer. I n 17 thc H r ' rtil! ry wa equipped with 6 pelr . drawn by eight hal' After the RevoJutionar War w r er the artiller wa rear ani eel roHows: t\ a batt ri of Hor e rliU r alta h d to the avall"Y Di i ion.' lhre batteri or Lin reill I' atta h d to lhe thre' Infantry Divisions; one battery of Hea rtiH I' in lbe R erv; and two baLleri in the fortr s s. H r Batt ry r twO 7 pdr. h witzel' ix pdr. and ~ ur 3 pdr. ann n; a Line Battery ansi ted of two 7 pdr. howitzer and ix 6 pdr. annon·th R . I' Batt r can i ted or ix 12 pounders.

Engineers Fr m 1789 th Min rand app r mpany had it d P t in Hamlin th P nt on and Pion cr mpan in Han v r. 1 he L1xiliar Corps of 1793 had a d ta hm nt pion ers can isting or one corporal one drummer and IS pi ne r . Th had two mobile bridg . Th uxiJiary orps or 1794 had a Pontoon l"ainor24P ntoon withthene e arym-n lhati ix enginecr offi r in Iudin th two with the Pontoon ompany on rna tel' p l1loon r on~ ergcant two orporal' Il' ur Il, Il drummer. 50 pont n 'r and a Pontoon rain ompan)' r n ffi cr ma~ter harne maker on train urg- n, n veterinary uraeon , one a i tant l\ 0 train er eant .ix train orporals, 80 train soldier;

r

Th rtill ry had a Train rnpany whi h on ist d of on aptain, onc Ii utcnant one

and

2+2

h i '.

.\fler th R v lution ry War', th Enginr .orp consi led of one colonel, one licutenantwi nel, n m~ I' three captain even JieuIrnan ',fiv n i nand IWO ondu lor ; a 1in I' c.ompan· f lw I' ant Iv 0 rp rat two musi ians and 30 min I' . and a P nt n amp n of Ihe am tT nth. l

~ziflrJ!n

to 180 bl

k fill tri am hat

Bugler of the Sharp hooter section ofa KGL Line battalion, in field ervice marching order, c.a8as. The sbak.o tuft and cords are green, as are the bugle cords; the lace trianming on the coatee is blue on white apparenrJy musician' partern. Note Sharpshooter's white wai t belt with maU 'espeDs • pouch. (Unknown arti tI BoIllll.Dll MuseUn>, Celle)

Infantry Th bla khat W re trimm d with ilv I' la for Lineoffi er nd withwhjt fI r th rrank' L. el nd cord I' whjt for th ranker ih r for olIi er . Th uard R gim 'nt had old and )'cLlow Irim in tad, ffi r pan d a black co kade th m n a whil 10 p and bUll n. Th colour of th plume di tingui. h'd th I' gim nt chart b 10'1 ). Th I lh and 15th R g . had tall feather plum ,in r d/whjt / r n fl r rank rand '{'Uow/whit fI I' ffi .r. I' nadi . w r b I kin

I' I adicr wer' arm d wilh mu k t· bayon and infantr abre.· Line infantr (Fu ilier) ilb mu kcLS anel ba on IS; lighL ompanic \ ith rift and ba on' ; Lh .ling w r hile. The rank rs abr had bra hilt and a br -fiJrni'11 d bro\\n . abl ard. m ,. p' e v I' ilvcr-hilL d. with II w/ 'Iver knot and brown I ather 'aubard I' nadier am er v or abr (th w'r also

ail r·.

Unifonns of the Hanoverian Infantry 1791 (After Ronnenberg)

Reg/.

Lapel

uffi

uijrd dk. blue I t 2nd 3 rd th 5 th -L1

7th th th I Lh I I th I~lh 13 th

14 h 1-

h

NB:

dk. blu gr en dk. blue bla k sk blu eUow gren elk. n dk. r n white white whit wrut dk. r n elk. r n bl k bla k yell \ ell " ·k blue 'ky blue green gr en r n r en

II I'

'/tou/del slrap

Tail strap

r d r n I' d " hiL ky blue red gr n \ hit trim II . whit u'im r d whit r I r I y 11 w red r d whit trim r eI, wlliL trim

m nt· had ei htbars

la

Hal plume/pompoll y 110 & blu whiL & gr n

Bul/ollJ

old il r whit & blu ilv r whit & bla k iJ r whit, r eI, ,k. blu il cr while & ello siJ er white ' gre n ilv r whil & elk. green il er whit ' r d sil r ilv \ hit r d hit & dk. r n ilver whit bla k . r d ilv r ellm white, r d y II w . ilver hi , 'ilv k blue . ky bill gre n whit Irlm r d whit ' gr n il er il r n whil trim rei whit &gr n ellow gr n biu hiL . ky blue ell w gre I re n whit \ hit r n bla k

n their lap 1 ; and Lh

J+th aod 15lh had gr n

L1an

Unifonns of the Hanoverian Cavalry (Schinner, p. 183)

'I n

II

C

Reg/. Lt

Collar eI.

I.t 2nd I'd th 5Lh Dr. th r. 7th Dr. 8th Dr. th Lt.Dr. I tn LI.Dr.

elk. blu reel white ell rut

uffs elk. blue reel whit ell , ruLe whiL

ails wrut whil hit \ hite whit hit v hit hit hiLe whiL white

ail strap blu Ilu Ilu' blue bIu blu IJlu blu blu r d red

Uow II w & & ell w & whit & whil ' whit ' whil & white Uow 1I0w • "rut'

III aislcolll

BUUOIIJ

h

wbit' whit white while whit whil whil hit ,",'hiL whit ",luLe

g lei old gold il r ilv r ilver .il l' il er

a

t1 , I

II T at

sa

C .. c I"

1\\

arried fr m

a

with gre I' gim ntal

" ith

o

g ld

Coatee of a ergeant, grenadier company Line battalion. The huttons are mis ing from the lace loop on the false pocket flaps; otherwise this important survivaJ how clearly the details ofKGL coatees. The turnback ornament i intere ting: a hlue grenade with a red flame. (Bomann Mu etun, Celle)

.

kn wn th Leibia/me and as the same in n ad ever I' gim nt. Th I' I' f th Leibia/ml! di pIa ed ith I' th' I' ypher or the I aping hr. During th Fr n \ luti n:illog contemporary plate of aD officer of the 1st Ligbt Bn., KGL .812., by aD unknown artist. It ~m to incorporate kn.own feanu-e of the uniform of both Lig.bt batuwo . The beadgear could be either the bako of the J t or the mirleton of the =d, but bas the gold cords recorded for the 2nd. The jacket has the three row of buttons recorded for the 2nd, but the pointed cuffs of the I st, and white or silver piping rather than the black recorded for both. 00 balance, thiIi looks clo ~er to the 2nd Bn. than the 1St. (Romano Museurn, Celle) '21

180

the L gion

on i ted of the

apt. J uliu Hartmann

n B k tl \'on ~1aj.-

Drag on Regt.:

..

j

1aj.-

I.

Officer of the I t Light Bn., KGL, by Schwertfeger. This foUow the conventional version oIthe uniConn: greeD hako plwne and cords' gn:eujacket with two row of silver buttons and ilver houlder- cales; bllLel< facing and braid trim.

fr m Han v I' t 1\' th Briti h rown. fter initial he ilalion, I' eruit fI ad d to En land. rom I t b 1', thi earp wa d i nat d lh 'King' rman R giment" n 19 D mb 1', lh desrman Legi n' a ignation be ame the 'King ~ r e onsi Ling of e1emcnt ' or all arms, Th Lion onlinu d to grow, T~ a battali ns f light inrantry wcr form d the fav ur d I' rui min fr m the Hanov rian Li hl R 'm nl. Hanov Tian liard w re takcn into the I t Bn: and by F bruary 180 Lh L gion had a total f eight Lin Baltali n ,Initially n H a\' and on Light Dra 0 n Regiment \ re form d. 2nd and th n a I'd Light Regt. were ~ I'm d ub qu nL! alan with _nd H av' Regim nl. h artill I' . w in a imilar fa ·hion. Jnitiall " one Ho e and one t Ball ry rai ed ~ 110\ d b m I' a th manp \I I' I am available. 2

n. Karl y n . n.

i tor \'on

org v n R den

th K L amc under fork. The Duk hief [th L gion,and

1: Private, 1 t Infantry Regt., c.1790 2: Gunner, Artillery, c.1790 3: 'Ii"ooper, 2nd Cavalry Regt., c.J790

2

I

1: Trooper, U,fe Guards 1792 2: 1i'ooper, 9th Dragoons, 1792 3: Officer, 12th loiantry Regt. 1792

1

2

B

3

1: Private, 14th Light Inf. Regt., 1794 2: Officer, 14th Light In!. Regt., 1794 3: 'frooper, 10th Light Dragoons, 1800

2

1

3

c

1: Grenadier, Line Bn. KGL, c.1812 2: Officer, 1st Bussars KGL, c.1813 3: Officer, 2nd Light Dragoons KGL,