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INITIA An
AMHARICA
Introduction to spoken Amharic
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS CLAY, Manager
C. F.
LONDON
:
FETTER LANE,
E. C. 4
NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN :
BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS TORONTO TOKYO
:
CO.
1
MACMILLAN AND
I
CO., Ltd.
]
THE MACMILLAN
CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA :
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
INITIA An
AMHARICA
Introduction to spoken Amharic
BY
CHARLES HUBERT ARMBRUSTER, Sudan
Civil Service;
H.M. Consul
for
M.A.
North-west Ethiopia;
Major, General Staff (Intelligence), Egyptian Expeditionary Force.
Part
III
AMHARIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY WITH PHRASES
Volume
1 \
ii-rt
H-S
Cambridge at the
University Press
1920
^^--
g V
OO^
c]
9
.
S
•
3
'^
eMOl Ae
HApA HANTA TON AOfON YTTOKeeTAI
yn' CKACTaiN akoh
OTI
TA AefOMeNA
rp,
the older.
If they are connected with Jl4,
as I suggest, then Vi-^^ will be the older
The
And h becomes "S in numerous cases. inverse change of ^ to h, however, occurs also form.
e.g. I
;
have heard h^Z-A* for C^f^tt. Even if one had decided whether If-^^ or h°A^ were the older form, the question would still remain whether the older or newer form should be taken as a standard. In arranging his materials the writer of a dictionary often has to adopt or appear to adopt a current spelling or
etymology with which he, not to mention his critics, is by no means satisfied. The prefaces to the preceding volumes state that I have not followed or set up any artificial standards of speech, but have collected
my
materials over as
wide a field as possible and from every sort of person, provided always that the speaker was an Amhdra;
and
for reasons fully set forth there I have always
considered the unconscious contributor to ledge preferable
Amhdra
to
the
my
know-
conscious informant.
An
with any pretension to learning readily stig-
matizes as 'not Amharic', 'said by
slaves', 'said
by
Europeans', words or expressions with which he is unfamiliar or of which he disapproves. Experience
;;
X
Preface
in Abyssinia, however, has criticism
is
of
little
shown
value.
me
that this native Kffla davtara o o o o
Guidi's
•
Gydrgis, though apparently not so narrow-minded as
the average ddytara, would doubtless endorse,
if in-
deed he is not responsible for, many an unnecessary inc.' ( = incorrettamente) in Guidi's Vocaholario and such remarks as "Dai non Amdra vi si aggiunge spesso, non correttamente, T.H. " (my italics Id. ib. s.v. h-). T.H. is of course logically redundant in this case but I have observed that this use of it is wide-spread among Amhdras and have failed to discover any evidence that they have adopted it from non-Amhdras. Ludolf (Gram. ^Eth. p. vii) says of Ethiopic "Talis
'
;
est
hujus linguse conditio,
facilis
his,
qui reliquas
earumque Grammaticas norunt: difficilis vero iis, qui eas ignorant." The same is true of Amharic, and having quoted Ludolf s remark I shall, I think, have said enough on the matter of etymology, and need only add that in my notes Egyptian and
Orientales linguas
Assyrian words
(in italics)
have been taken from the
works of Budge, Erman, King and Muss-Arnolt, while modern Arabic (Egyptian, Sudanese and Syrian), Bedafiye, Galla, Nubian and Somali parallels (in Roman type) have been taken down from the mouth of natives of those races in their respective countries
the language of Amharic, Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac,
Samaritan, Coptic and Greek Avords
is
indicated by
have given the meaning of every word, and made clear to what language it bethe type.
I trust that I
longs.
employ a phonetic alphabet to designate the pronunciation of Amharic, so a few words here about I
Preface phonetics and transliteration
xi
not be out of place. In regard to the transliteration of Amharic, of which will
have more than once been accused, I should like to be allowed to state clearly that I do not do it. Yimatal O O I
tJ
(he strikes)
and yimmattal (he
is
struck) are not trans-
but are phonetic designations of two Amharic words, of each of which the Amharic literations of ^ao^'fii,
designation
is
Similarly qarm'^'o, kamfar,
Ji<w»;^A.
aidallam are not transliterations of '^J?:*^*, h'id.C, hf,F'ti9°,
but phonetic representations of words which in Amharic
So much for transliteration. As for phonetics, this young science stands before the three sleepers, Simple, Sloth and Presumption, and seeks to wake them. I must thank Canon W. H. T. Gairdner of Cairo for telling me of two valuable books G. Noel-Armfield's Ge7ieral Phonetics, Cambridge, 1915, and H. E. Palmer's English Phonetics, Though I am not prepared to Cambridge, 1917.
are written
etc.
*I*J^*'/**,
:
agree offhand with everything^ these writers say, yet I strongly
recommend
these books to students of any
who
language, and especially to those
talk or think of
on easy and simple
transliterating oriental alphabets lines.^
My cordial
thanks are due to General Sir Reginald
Wingate, H.M. High Commissioner for Egypt, who as
^
For
instance, I
do not find
it
convenient to mark the length
of a vowel by a sign resembling a colon, or to indicate the stress
accent before instead of
when
it
occurs (pa'mit = the \evh permit,
not the noun permit.
Why
dispense with
in describing
^ 1
J,
y, c, s, z
not pamit
?).
Nor am
arrive easily
enough at
inclined to
Amharic.
E.g. in Arabic, if t represents ,c>, s ,^,
we
I
J«*v-*^
=
h
teshil
d, sh J^,l {^ and = J*^.
Preface
xii
Governor-General of the Sudan gave linguistic studies every facility compatible with official conditions to the late Dr W. A. M. Wakeman, Medical Officer to the ;
British Legation at
Addis Abeba,
with identifications of native medical terms; R, E. Massey,
Economic Botanist
me and to Mr
for supplying
to the
Sudan Govern-
ment, for identifying botanical specimens collected in Abyssinia by ful
my
wife.
I
would also record
my
grate-
appreciation of the invariable benevolence dis-
played by
Mr
A. R. Waller and of the continuous
Mr John Clay and since Peace to the tiresome and his death unremunerative task of producing this series, which owes more than I can say to the skill, judgment and patience of the staff at the Cambridge University Press, where these qualities as demanded by work of this particular kind are specially concentrated in Mr W. J. Foreman. The list of abbreviations on p. xix shows the writers, besides those specified on p. x, to whom I am chiefly indebted. In conclusion let me express once more my gratitude to those mentioned in the prefaces to Parts I and II and in especial to such scholars as Marcel Cohen, Guidi, Reinisch and Sayce for their advice, assistance and encouragement. attention devoted by the late
by Mr
J.
B.
C.
H.
ARMBRUSTER.
General HEAn-QuABXEBS, 2nd Echelon, Egyptian ExPEniTioNARv Force, 9 April 1919.
A
Xlll
CONTENTS PAGE
Preface
vii
Abbreviations
xv
Use of Brackets and Hyphens
xviii
Abbreviations of Authorities cited
xix
Note on Phonology
xxiv
Note on Amharic Type
xxviii
Corrigenda
Amharic-English
Addenda V
—
Vocabulary U —
ii
....
xxix i
821
XV
ABBREVIATIONS abbr. abbreviated, (-tion)
dat. dative
ace. accusative
adj. adjective, (-val, -vally)
dem. demonstrative denom. denominative det. determined dim. diminutive
adv. adverb(ial, -ially)
dist. distributive
act. active
Ac. A^afar
Ag.
Agau
(Aiiiii,
Am.
Agauii-
exempli gratia
e.g.
eccl. ecclesiastic(al, -ally)
fia)
Eg. Egyptian
Am. Amharic an.
animate
empli. emphasis, (-atic, -ically)
ap.
apud
end. enclitic(ally)
App. Appendix
Eng. English
approx. approxiniate(ly)
esp. especial(ly)
Ar. Arabic
etc. et
Aram. Aramaic
Eth. Ethiopic
art. article
euphem. euphemism,
cetera
Ass. Assyrian
-istically)
aux. auxiliary
Eur. European
B.
B^egamdir
F. see
Bed. Bedauye (To-bdawiya)
f.
Nub.
feminine
card, cardinal
fem. „
caus. causative
fin. final
cfi'.
confer
Fr.
comp. compound compos, composition
French
fi-eq.
frequentative
G. C'ojjam
conj. conjunction, (-tive)
Ga. GAlla (Am.
conjug. conjugation
Gall. „
conn, connected
gen. general(ly)
constr. constructed, (-tion)
cont. contingent
(mood)
Cop. Coptic
compare(d,
D.
Dambya
-es)
D. see Nub.
Dan. DAnkali AM. GR.
Ger.
('afar)
(ill)
Galliiifia)
„
„
German
Gon. G"'6ndar (Gondar) Gr.
cp.
(-istic,
Greek
Hararinna) (Am. Har. HArari ^ o o o '^
Heb. Hebrew Hind. Hindustani Him. yimyaritic b
xvi
Abbreviations
)
Abbreviations sub voce
s.v.
t.
transitive
Sab. Sabsean
Tal.
sc. scilicet
Tar.
singular
sg.
xvii
Talmudic Targumic
Te. Tigre (xasa)
simp, simple
Te.
Som. Somali
Tna. Tigrififia
sp. species
M. Tigre of Massaua
us. usual(ly)
subj. subject
V.
verb
subst. substantive, (-val, -vally
vet. veterinary
Sud. Sudani, Soudanese Arabic
vocab. vocabulary, (-ries)
suff.
sufRx(ed)
W. Wciir^o Wwg. Wcogara
Syr. Syriac S.
Sdua (Shoa)
1st,
V —
2nd, 3rd
:
Y.YJijju the respective persons.
stem or root. (On the correct use of the term root see Gesenius, Heb. Gram. § 30^.) long.
^ very short. ->-' sometimes long, sometimes short. '
stress accent
the
first
;
words marked with two accents usually have final, the second before another word (§ 8).
when
f not in general use. * theoretical form.
= amounts § refers
Names
to, is
equal
to,
the same as.
to the paragraphs of the
Grammar
of plants also denote their flowers
balas,
s.
fig (tree
and
(Part
and
I).
fruits
:
e.g.
flAft
fruit).
In English
The masculine 'You'
is
is
intended unless the feminine
singular unless
marked
Verbs of ambiguous voice unless
marked
is specified.
pi.
(stop, turn,
change) are transitive
i.
62
:
:
XVlll
USE OF BRACKETS AND HYPHENS In English (a)
Inclusive
s. (-ty, adj.) = dirt, s. and Amharic uses the same word). He (it) is = he is also it is.
Dirt,
;
(b)
dirty, adj. (for
which
:
Explanatory
Disposition
(character)
=
disposition
in
the
sense
of
character.
In Amharic id(i)f=id)f Vo' no and
o
idf.
o
tiq(is)sa = tiqissa and tiqsa. [f]^j^[o]c^ = f^i^uc^,
H-rvc^,
also
f^rc^
and ^9^C^. sabdbbara
(-v4-, -ar-)
= sabdbbara
bdbbara and sav^bbara, (see
;
also savdbbara, sa-
^ 7d).
XIX
ABBREVIATIONS OF AUTHORITIES CITED Grammatica
Afevork, Gram.
Roma,
Afevork. Afevork, Men.
Blanford, Geol.
&
Zool.
•
l-fl^
Brockelmann, Vergl. Gram.
Kft^ll
•
I.
H-flrh.^
H. M. Broun
HI « ftl
London, 1870.
Von
Carl Brockel-
Berlin, 1908.
F. Broun, Director of
Government.
••
Grmidriss der vergleichenden
Catalogue of Sudan Flowering Plants.
Broun, Cat.
by A.
Band.
•
T. Blanford.
Grammatik der semitisehen Sprachen. I
G. J.
Observations on the Geology and
Zoology of Abyssinia, by W.
mann.
di
1905.
hd.(DC^
II.
della lingua amarica,
Woods and
Compiled
Forests,
Sudan
KJiartoum, 1906.
= Mrs
A. F. Broun.
Buxtorf, Lex. Chald.
Joannis Buxtorfii P. Lexicon Chaldaicum,
Talmudicum
Rabbinicum, edidit Bernardus Fischerus.
et
Lipsiae, 1875.
Chaine, Gram. Eth. S. J.
Grammaire Ethiopienne, par le
P.
M. Chaine
Beyrouth, 1907.
Cohen, Mission.
Rapport sur une Mission linguistique en Abys-
sinie (1910-1911)
par Marcel Cohen.
Archives des Missions
(Extrait des Nouvelles
scientijiques, nouv. s^rie, fasc.
6).
Paris, 1912.
Notes sur des verbes et des adjectifs amhariques, par M. Marcel Cohen. Extrait des Memoires de la SociS^
Cohen, Notes.
de Linguistique de Paris, tome xvii.
Cosmas
Paris, 1912.
The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicoedited with geographical notes by E. O. Winstedt.
Indie.
pleustes,
Cambridge, 1909. Cust, Lug. Afr.
A
by R. N. Cust.
Sketch of the Modern Languages of Africa,
London, 1883.
XX De
Ahhreviations of Authorities cited Vito, Voc. Tgna.
De
L.
Vito, Vocabolario della lingua
Roma, 1896. Dillmann, Gram. Ath. Grammatik der athiopischen Sprache Zweite verbesserte und vervon Dr. August Dillmami. tigrigna.
mehrte Auflage von Dr. Carl Bezold. Leipzig, 1899. Dillmann, Lex. .Eth. Chr. Fr. Augusti Dillmann Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae. Lipsiae, 1865. Faitlovitch,
Nouv. Prov.
Estratto dalla "Rivista
abyssins traduits et expliques. degli Studi
Nouveaux proverbes
J. Faitlovitch.
Orientali",
Volume
pp. 757-766.
II,
Roma,
1909.
Proverbes abyssins, traduits, expliques et
Faitlovitch, Prov.
annot^s par Jacques Faitlovitch, Docteur ^s Lettres, etc. Paris, 1907.
Gesenius, Hebr. Gram.
Hebrew Grammar,
Gesenius'
edited and
enlarged by E. Kautzsch, 2nd English edition revised in
accordance with the 28th German edition (1909) by A. E. Cowley. Oxford, 1910. Sulle coniugazioni
Coniug.
Guidi,
Ignazio Guidi.
Zeitschrift
fiir
del
Di
verbo amarico.
Assyriologie, viii, pp. 245-
262.
Guidi,
Due
Ignazio Guidi.
Fr.
storia di Abissinia.
Di due frammenti
relativi alia
Estratto dai Rendiconti della Reale
Accademia dei Lincei. Roma, Agosto 1893. Grammatica elementare Ignazio Guidi. Guidi, Gram. lingua amariiia, 2a Edizione. Roma, 1892.
Proverbi, strofe e racconti abissini, tradotti e pub-
Guidi, Prov. blicati
da Ignazio Guidi. Roma, 1894. "
Guidi, Qene. Guidi. Lincei,
I.
abissini.
Nota
del Socio Ignazio
Agosto 1900. Roma, 1901. Sulla reduplicazione delle consonanti amariche.
Guidi.
Itahano. Guidi,
Qene " o Inni
Estratto dai Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei
Guidi, Redupl.
Di
della
Vocab.
Supplementi periodici all'Archivio Glottologico
Seconda Dispensa. Roma, 1895. Vocabolario
Ignazio Guidi.
Roma,
Amarico-Italiano,
1901.
compilato
da
Abbreviations of Authorities cited
Hommel,
Siiug. siidsem.
Die
Namen
der Siiugethiere bei den
Hommel.
siidsemitischeu Volkern, von Fritz
Hommel,
Siid-arab. Chr.
Dr. Fritz
xxi
Leipzig, 1879.
Hommel. Mlinchen,
1893.
Dictionary of the Amharic Language.
Isenberg, Diet.
Rev. Charles William Isenberg.
Grammar
Isenberg, Gram.
Von
Siid-arabisclie Chrestomathie.
By
the
By
the
London, 1841.
of the Amharic Language.
Rev. Charles William Isenberg.
London, 1842.
Standard Alphabet for reducing unwritten
Lepsius, St. Alph.
languages and foreign graphic systems to a uniform ortho-
graphy
European
in
2nd Edition.
By
letters.
C. R. Lepsius, D.Ph. &c.
London, 1863.
Ludolf, Gram.^Eth.
lobi Ludolfi
Grammatica /Ethiopica. Editio
Secuuda. Francofurti ad Moenum, 1702. Ludolf, Hist. .Eth.
lobi Ludolfi Historia ^Ethiopica. Francofurti
ad Moenum, 1681. Ludolf, Lex.
Am.
Lexicon Amharico-Latinum, Autore lobo
Ludolfo. Francofurti ad
Massey^Mr
R. E. Massey,
Moenum,
1698.
Economic Botanist to the Sudan
Government. Mittwoch, Ab. Ksp. Texte.
Abessinische Kinderspiele.
Amharische
Ubersetzt und erklart von Eugen Mittwoch.
derabdruck aus den Mitteilungen des Seminars lische Sprachen.
Bd.
xiii. 1910.
fiir
Son-
Orienta-
Abteilungii. Berlin, 1910.
Proben aus
amharischem Volksmunde. Mitgeteilt von Eugen Mittwoch. Sonderabdruck aus den Mitteilungen des Seminars fiir Orientalische Sprachen zu
Mittwoch, Proben.
Jahrgang x. Abteilung ii. Berlin, 1907. Mondon-Vidailhet, Gram. Grammaire de la langue abyssine Berlin.
(amharique), par C. Mondon-Vidailhet.
Vocabulaire de Vocab. Werner Munzinger. Leipzig, 1865.
Munziuger, Noldeke,
Neue
Beit.
Paris, 1898.
langue
tigre,
par
Xeue Beitrage zur semitischen Sprach-
wissenschaft von Theodor Noldeke.
Oxford Heb. Lex.
la
A Hebrew and
Strassburg, 1910.
English Lexicon of the Old
Testament. .based on the Lexicon of William Gesenius as .
Abbreviations of Authorities cited
xxii
Edward Robinson.
translated by ...S.
.
R Driver... and Charles A.
.edited. .by Francis .
Briggs....
Texto Ethiopico.
Tomo
Esteves Pereira.
Lisboa, 1892, 1900.
Praetorius,
Am.
Praetorius.
Tomo
i.
For F. M.
Traduc9ao e Notas.
Von Franz
Halle, 1879.
Beitrage zur athiopischen Grammatik und
Von Franz
Etymologic. logie,
ii.
Die amharische Sprache.
Spr.
Praetorius, Beit.
Erster Band.
&c.
Praetorius,
Oxford, 1906.
Oironica de Susenyos, Rei de Ethiopia.
Pereira, Sus.
Brown
Gram. ^Eth.
Praetorius.
Heft
Beitrage zur Assyrio-
Leipzig, 1889.
i.
Grammatica Aethiopica.
Scripsit Dr.
Carolsruhae et Lipsiae, 1886.
F. Praetorius.
R. Smith, Rel. Sem.
Lectures on the Religion of the Semites
by W. Robertson Smith, M.A., LL.D.
New Edition.
London,
1907.
Die Chamirsprache
Reinisch, Chamir. Reinisch.
L
&
Die Kafa-Sprache
Reinisch, Kafa.
in Abessinien.
in Nordost-Afrika.
Leo Reinisch. L & IL Wien, 1888. Die Nuba-Sprache. Nuba.
Reinisch, .
2 Theile.
Von Leo
Das personliche Fiirwort und
Reinisch.
die Verbal-
Von Leo
flexion in den chamito-semitischen Sprachen. AYien, 1909.
Reinisch, Quara. Reinisch.
Von
Wien, 1879.
Reinisch, Person.
Reinisch.
Von Leo
H. Wien, 1884.
L
Die Quarasprache in Abessinien.
&
H. Wien, 1885.
Reinisch, Som. Wort.
HL
Von
IjCo
AVien, 1887.
Die Somali-Sprache.
Von Leo
Reinisch.
n. Worterbuch. Wien, 1902. Reinisch, Spr. St. Nuba.
Von Leo
Reinisch.
Reinisch, Wort. Bed.
Leo Reinisch. Rossini, S. D.
Die sprachliche Stellung des Nuba. Wien, 1911.
Worterbuch der Bedauye-Sprache.
Historia Regis Sarsa Dengel.
pretatus est K.
Conti Rossini.
L
Edidit et inter-
Textus.
H.
Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium. 1907.
Von
W^ien, 1895.
Versio. Parisiis,
Abbreviations of Authorities cited Ab.
Schweinfiirth, Prof.
Pfl.
Dr. G.
Abyssinische
schaften zu Berlin
konigl.
Von
Pflanzennamen.
Aus dem Anhang zu den Akademie der Wissen-
Schweinfurtli.
Abhandlungen der
xxiii
Preuss.
vom Jahre
1893.
Berlin, 1893.
The Modern Egyptian Dialect of Grammar. From the German of Dr K. Vollers, translated by F. C. Burkitt, M.A. Cambridge, 1895.
Vollers and Biirkitt, Gram. Arabic.
Wakeman =
A
Dr W.
the late
A.
M. Wakeman, for many years
Medical Officer at the British Legation, Addis Abeba. Wright, Ar. Gram.
A Grammar
W. Wright, LL.D. Third Smith and M.
J.
Edition.
de Goeje.
Wright, Comp. Gram.
of the Arabic Language, by
Revised by W. Robertson
Cambridge, 1896.
Lectures on the Comparative
Grammar
of the Semitic Languages, from the papers of the late
William Wright, LL.D.
Cambridge, 1890.
Edited by
W. Robertson
Smith.
XXIV
NOTE ON PHONOLOGY {The following paragraph
is
quoted
Amharica, Part
from Init la
I.)
Phonetic Alplmhet. §
In order to designate the pronunciation of Amharic
3
as far as possible without ambiguity I
The
following phonetic alphabet.
view
is
employ the
principle held in
that one letter should never represent
more
than one sound, and one sound should not be represented by more than one
consonants this
a feasible system
is
a strict adherence to
it,
but the fluctua-
which would involve the use
of an impracticably large of no
variations
;
some of the short vowels precludes
ting character of
sent
In regard to the
letter.^
number of
essential
letters to repre-
importance.
The
by means of examples taken from
indications, then,
European languages of the value of the sounds which occur are, especially in the case of the vowels, only
approximately exact.
With the exception of the represented
by
p,
q,
t,
(frequently pronounced k
c,
s,
'explosive'^ sounds
and the guttural x
by Abyssinians themselves)
the pronunciation of Amharic presents
little difficulty
to an Englishman.
W. Jones
1
Sir
^
See end of
(1788) quoted in Lepsius, St. Alph. pp. 31, 32.
this
^.
§
Note
3]
xxv
Phonology.
oil
VoweU. All vowels are pronounced short unless marked " = long, "^ = long or short, ^ = very short.
a
a in
a
the same lengthened.
It. fatto.
e in bet, but
a
more open.
j
the same lengthened.
a j
a
a in formula, e in Fr.
a
the
same
le.
leng-thened.
e
e in bet, but less open.
e
the same lengthened.
i
i
i
the same lengthened.
i
i
i
the same lengthened,
in
It.
minuto.
in quick,
but pronounced with the
lips
more
closed.
u w o o
u
in Fr. absolument.
a in wash \ o in pot.
j
i
i
o in
It.
caro,
but more open (not o aperto).
the same lengthened.
u
u in
full,
ti
u
It.
in
luna.
a a and w represent the same vowel in Amharic
The above examples show, approximately, commonest pronunciations of this variable vowel.
(gfiz § 4).
the
When
w are given as alternatives they represent a gradation of sounds from e in bet through approx. u in 'but', eu in Fr. neuf, e in Fr. le, o in Ger. Gutter a a
'
'
to a in 'wash'i ^
Part
I
(§
Id).
says 'w = a in was
'
:
a bad description, for was, though
pronounced wwz when accented, when unaccented waz, wz.
is
usually
Note on Phonology.
xxvi
[§
3
Diphthongs.
Diphthongs are merely their component vowels pronounced in rapid succession without any inter-
They are marked ^.
vening hiatus.
approximations are i
di
ai in Ger.
o
au
au
du o
o in no.
wi
following
fairly close:
in bite.
ai
o
The
Waise.
in Ger. aus.
oy in boy. Consonants,
X h
ch in Ger. noch.
h
in he.
an explosive guttural pronounced a little further back than k^ the centre of the tongue ;
is
raised towards the palate.
k
k in
g n
g in go. ng in singing.
t
tt in hottest,
s
sibilant
kin.
t,
but pronounced with an explosion.
similar to ts in pots, but
pronounced
with an explosion.
ch in church, but pronounced with an explosion.
ch in cheese. sh in she. j
in Fr. je.
^
b^lt
not as far back as Syrian ^.
§
Note on Phonology.
3]
but the tongue comes nearer the teeth.
in jam,
j
j
y n
y in you.
t
dental
t,
as in Fr. tu.
d
dental
d,
as in Fr. de.
s
8 in so.
z
z in size.
1
1
r
r in red.
n
n
in no.
p p b
p
in pot.
11
Spanish
in
in
xxvii
seiior.
let.
p pronounced with an explosion. b in be.
f
bilabial
f,
(the teeth not touching the
y
bilabial
v,
b
f
labiodental, f in fan.
V
labio-dental, v in van.
w
w
in wan,
in
lips).
Spanish arriba.
but the
lips are
more open
:
u in
It.
uomo.
^
y,
^,
are
h, y, w,
pronounced very
slightly, ^
almost merged into the adjacent vowel final
tending to disappear,
as the consonantal forms of
y and i
(§
Id),
and and
^ ^
w may be regarded
and u
respectively; after
a vowel they often pass into those vowels and form diphthongs (cp. y in layer, w in lower) a + ya = -Yi*fi
^
;
see
;
1.
;
23 for
read
p.
162
p.
198 delete 9°'}'^^.hf!^d'l; see Addenda.
p.
212 delete a^lnln hii
p.
220
1.
f.
s.
••
see Addenda.
;
1.
18 delete §22^,8
„
1.
23 for
„
1.
25 for App.
226,
§
read
e
B
§
§
226,
22a, a
Z
rear/
p.
228
1.
1
p. I
233
1.
22 for ainaread ainao o o o
p.
239
p.
260 tromm for
delete ao-Hii hl\ -.
see
;
§
22a, y
Addenda.
"^
r/f/e^e mxjf-jf
p. 267 tiDfnm
„
:hA, T^Kif -'^lA; see
(i)
rear?
(ii)
(ii)
„
(iii)
Addenda.
p.
271 delete tn'-'^Afts^A; see Addenda.
p.
274 delete ao-'^d h^^Hl
p.
281 delete C9°^ih^^, see Addenda.
p.
294
p.
314 delete h^-Hao; see Addenda.
p.
300
1.
11. 1,
3,
4
see Addenda.
little 7'ead
for
considerably
(i)rat(t)att
read
„
11.0,7,9
„
1.
10
30 for h^-dt^ read h^dt^ 8
p.
429
1.
p.
535
1.
p.
18 for a
;
744
1.
1
for
„
(i)nttitt
„
(i)rititt
„
(i)rittit
„
(i)ritit
ss'w
delete
(i)ratatt
'
read
ss'w
AMHAEIC-ENGLISH VOCABULARY paragraphs of the Grammar {Initia Amharica, Part I).
§ refers to the
-a?, interrogative particle, s.v. -h
-a\ termination of the Ethiopia status constructus
(App.
B
§
96?; Dillmann, Gram. Ath.
-a^ -at^ pers. pron. her, to her -iyfth -ac(c)ihu (-dc(c)yuh
your
;
it,
7d p. 27 )^
§
§
to
(§
12c).
-d^"} -dc(c)in^, pers. pron. our,
(§
12&).
126)
;
it
(§
;
-irfoh -dc(c)au^, pers. pron. their, them, to his,
him, to him
(§ 1
;
-aP -a^o*, pers. pron. S. also sg.
-i* -itu (-itu)^ -u
= -Oh
(q.v.)
3rd pol. f.
them
;
pol.
2b, c).
2nd
sg.
pol. your, you, to
him, to him;
his,
def. art. the, (§§ 11, 546,
(§ c,
126,
you;
c).
d, 59).
after a consonant.
-^o-f -^oc {-^occ
nouns
12c).
pers. pron. pi. 2nd,
you, to you,
(§
144).
§ 6)^,
(§§ 96, 10).
termination of the plural of [cp.
Eth.
Tfla. -cm- Te. -d^, -oH-
Ol—
.0
nV A — -ye,
pers. pron.
my, Am.
(§
1
Praetorius,
3
Id.ib. §§74, 76b.
5
Id. ib. §§ 128d, 160.
^
AM. GR.
-dti, -uti id.]
s.v. -P*
Spr. §§156-159.
§§ 136a, 149a, 154
Id. ib.
§§ 241, 242
126),
Ass.
^ "^
;
j^j
jj^
|
g^,
Id. ib. §79.
Brockelmann, Vergl. Gram.
f.
(ill)
1
i.
0— t^A
2
«
D. G. &
U- ha-,
S.,
= h-
-ih -hu,
y ha,
(see
Part
ha
dla,
v.i.
from,
2)
[cp.
we camped on
II.
B
Appendix
§
12b, c).
VflA,
(s.v.
Eth.
Tila.
-Yi
-vi
A-, J^^-
7d pp.
§
Eth. Aiao' (Praetorius,
^^- DD- Aram. Comp. Gram. Viy^'hti hahii dla, (s.v.
VflA,
'h'hs^A hahd
§
v.i.
;
.
Am.
Tj^r »^- Ass.
-A;a id.]
pron. sg. 2nd
B
App.
§
126,
c).
Spr. §§ 76b, 87e) Tna.
on- Ass. -kun{u)
[to recite
= "hs^A
id. pi.
;
In-f"
Wright,
all,
the syllabary 0, l^, ^,
every,
(§
16)
word
Eth. Tiia. W-A- Te. frA- J.£» id.
;
etc.]
to bray.
usually follows the
kalu
(§ 1 26, c).
pp. 96, 97]
44a).
dla, v.i.
[cp.
[onom.]
to learn the alphabet, begin study,
ihA- hull-, indef. pron. 26)
Q*)^-
Tj-,
26, 27), pers.
pol. your, you, to you, (Part 11. [cp.
44a).
§
2nd m. your, you, to you,
-hwii (-l^ -hu, -uh
(§ 1
at, on.
stream.
to bray,
-U -h, pers. pron. sg.
-Ir-
note
= 0^ twenty.
S.,
'hsfiA
(§ 46,
little (§ 54c)
= -'V-
(§46)
haiihaitu sdfFarna,
OahVj!>'P'-iiA.C'i'.i
the
-Iri
paragraphs of the Grammar {Initia Amharica, Part I).
refers to the
§
rh
Praetorius,
Am.
;
it
with pers.
suff.
refers to.
^2
^
Ass. Jcullatu,
Spr. § 42c]
These characters are grouped together in this book as 1), De Vito (Voc. Tgna. p. 7), Munzinger (Vocab. p. 1), etc. In Amharic they represent the same sound and are often interchanged. The h in them is sometimes dropped, and then, if initial, they are replaced by h- (s.v. ^/rhA<w>, 'h^ao). ^
in Guidi (Vocab. p.
l>A— AA
3
of
ihA-s hiillu, all
l^A^fl^
:
it.
hulldc(c)au, all of them.
dntau
ihA'lsTiJ^'nflM: hiillun
(§
Id),
bring
it all.
o^dnzavuH hiillu sdrraqa, he
•l^Hfl•'>.•l^/V•:rtJ'"s^i9"^lI^K
a pi. sense:
antau, bring
them
all.
hiillumm
ihA-S^ h/V* K ••
(§ 9c?),
(-laz-), S.,
V-MM, hullazgye
(-laz-)
0-A*7H. hullag(i)zyei
=
=
present.
& s.
s.
total,
(§
56c).
sum.
ihA*7H.
l^A*7H.
&
(§ 9^?),
i>A*7H. hullgiz^e, adv. always yA. hallJ'e, inter j.
all
adv. daily, every day,
ihA'Ji'T hullantana (-lantana\
ihAli hullazz>e
they are
indef pron. everything.
l^Al^/V• hullahiillu,
l^A4»^ hullaqan
allu,
(§
56c
;
s.v. 1.11).
Hallelujah.
[Eth. VA.»A-^«
= n^lSSn 'A\\7/\oma,
cp.
hAA^hA]
4»Ji!nyA.«
nagar yamissalJ'e, qfu^^e vahdll^^e, a subject (should
be illustrated) by examples, a hymn (should be embellished) by hallelujahs (§ 52«, S),prov.^, 'sua propria cuique'.
AA
hwdla,
fl:^A
&
bahwdla
(baiihd-
(a) adv. {a) (h)
§
afterwards, later.
^
Brockelmann, Vergl. Gram. Cp. Guidi, Prov.
13
;
p. 26),
behind, at the back.
'^
i.
Id
i.
§
42 1, Praetorius, Am.Spr.
Faitlovitch,
Nouv. Fro v.
§
156b.
1.
1—2
— 4
thiiao
:^A
prp. with pers.
(y8)
suff. (§ 126),
(a) behind. (b) after, later [cp. Eth.
to be postponed
than.
to form the rear,
Yi'P'\ id., yjflJA
Am.
Praetorius,
;
es^X^
%^
Spr. § 42c]
flAAOs bauhalah, behind you; after you. h-.
.
AAA
.!
ka- (U- ha-,
i*- ta-)
.
.
;^'}'h
''
yahwdla (yauhd-), prp.
.
behind; later than, after;
(§
47&).
n:XA tanta yauhdla, behind you after you. '•
;
tafaras
'h^i.rfift.-n.^sflAA:
behind the stable(s
f^^ AAA ••
tardt
••
§
70b)
(§
52a,
y^et yauhdla,
S).
7a) yauhdla, after dinner
(§
(s.v.
wwdahwdla (-dauha- § 7d p. 26), adv. backwards,
a)f!jX^
towards the back. A A? hwalanna (-Ian-), f ^5^ A.^
ffff
••
adj. last (of place
yahwdl it sassa
(sas-), v.i.
and
time).
to walk back-
wards, to back, back out. n(iJt"-h(i yahwdlit short,
(s.v.
n/AA,
Jdlliao
44a
§
[cp.
ala, ;
to
dream
A
35
§
§
to be incomplete,
6Sd,
e).
Eth. Tna. /hAow Te. /hA«n»
Sr> \ «> to
hiioD dllama (type
v.i.
;
dream, giniAv to sleep]
Part
II.
App. A),
(§
?»Atfi>-7is
allamus,
t.
l^^et
hilm allamo o
s.
a woman's name,
lit.
'they
thee'.
tSllama (Part
(of).
&
night I dreamed a dream.
Qle), last
dreamed ;^A<w»
v.i.
(of).
Ha.!A.^!/hA9".-^A5^Vb^« zdr^e kufi
Ju. D^n
II.
App. A),
v.p.
to be
dreamed
«
«
5
hi^r
hilm, G.,
hAJ'" ilm,
diiiao—V'till
= h^y"
dream.
s.
TiAl^sAiA fllimm dla,
V #hA4*
v.i.
[cp.
aoihti^ mahallaq,
to disappear,
VflA,
(s.v.
§
44«).
Eth. Ai-? %M), adv. = l^ A^ Xlt
ihA1*^![-'t^] hulattiyya (lat), U-Ai-'^H.
hulattdgz>e
hiilatti (§
'htiS hillina
Id pp.
(§
Id
-•
29, 30) giz^'e, twice.
p. 27),
hillena (-lyena),
'^A.'i"
(-lat-;
s.
[cp.
&
mind, thought, idea. Eth. 'YA.T Te. ^A,*? * e ^
'
id.,
Eth. -^Af Te. /hA>
^
'^)L^ vJ'^ to think]
U-AH.
huUazz^e
(-laz), S.,
ihAlil hulldzgye ^
Guidi, Prov.
'HpaKKrja.'
(-laz-)
i.
4,
=
& i>A*7H. always,
s.v.
appositely adds 'poiche
i>Airpocr
Svo ovBe
himhimm (hmhmm)
V9°l)9°ihfi
human
beings, doves,
ala,
baboons ^ ^
[onom., cp. Tna. Ji^'r'
'•
n(\
;
murmur
to
v.i.
s.v.
VflA,
(of
44a).
§
^
^t^^^ nj^ll
f-wgAi to roar]
id.,
T T
yjPyjp.^^^..
hinhmm yflal, he Ujpiy^^ h(i)mh(i)mta, s. murmur (§ rh9"A. (h)aml5^e,
52a,
month July 8^^— Aug.
s.
murmurs.
(it)
S).
6^^ [cp.
WaoC
h^'
omar
(-mar),
s.
(Broun, Cat. 171).
s.v.
^inil'
Eth. Tna.
id.]
tamarind, Tamarindus indica Eth. ^aoc Te. M. -^aoc]^ Som. ha-
[cp.
mar
id.,
Eth. /h^o«»^i_Li.
DriH T
7
^A>j ;^'^<w)
tdttama
(§
22a,
a
;
Part
id.,
I.
Eg.
^^efeire
App.),
ring]
v.p.
to
be
sealed, etc.
M-fao asattama
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to seal, etc., or be sealed, etc. (§ 68). a^^i-^ mahtam (m(a)hatam § 7d p. 31, -1"fl -tab, -tay),
aD'*i^'%^
s.
(§
41e Part ;
impression of a
mahattamya
II.
seal,
(-tam-),
s.
seal,
rh^ hacc, adv. emphatic form of (s.v. v^'hrhi'), •
over there, (far hltUsrh-f IfV
••
h^ona, to be,
d\l^ hand,
one,
stamp.
^^
down, below,
in the phrases
hfU^ rh^ kazzyd hacc, right !
stamp.
down
there, right
off).
kazzih hacc, right s.v.
JOmh
s.v.
M^
down
here.
U^J^— rhflH
11
Vi!^ hind,
s.
[-^
India.
VTf^ hfndi,
Indian,
s.
pi. -P-'^
>Jthl^
§
§ 6).
id.]
[J?:?^]
Eth. /h»t to build, ^*a». to wall in]
[cp.
Mm annata (type B
-d^ oc (-occ
Eth.
35 Part ;
I.
App.),
to fashion,
v.t.
work, carve, (in wood, stone or metal). (part.)
M(fU
an(n)dti
(§ 7b),
wood-carver, carpen-
s.
ter; mason.
;^^m tannata
be fashioned,
4l5; App. A), v.p. to
(§
etc.
M^m asannata
(§
41e;
to fashion, etc.
him
(f)nta
p. 29),
&
!h'im hfnta, o
rh^K hfnsa,
Id
(§
s.
(a) wall or floor built of stone.
wall of natural rock,
(b)
'^V*^ mannaca,
VK9° hakim
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow or be fashioned, etc. (§68).
(§
8
;
VUhf
s.
cliff.
instrument for fashioning
-kim),
[cp-
s.
Eth. «.
doctor.
tonp
Te.
V%
l^t^ TSa.
;
plane.
Eth. ^n.jr
1-/hYif to
grow
id.]
idle,
e £
^-y&l to abstain]
Oll,^ haks^et
(§
8 p. 49),
UVti*? hakyetanna preferring
s.
sloth, indolence.
(-tan-), adj. slothful,
amusement
to work.
VYhi'^'i^ hakJ'etanninnat (-tan-, -nat),
0-h^
hiikat, disturbance,
thohshti
hduw
dla,
v.i.
s.v.
indolent, idle,
s.
slothfulness.
VOoih
to bark,
(s.v.
VflA,
§
44a). [onom.]
thoh rt.A hauwi i
'•
(§
TfZpp. 29, 30) sil,
when it barks.
!
/hoi
12
OtP'i
(t\tD*''i\ti
!
hyuw
ala,
v.i.
terminable
(of a plain) to
(of a precipice) to
;
hyuw!
;hfl^:'fl{^A»
in-
be sheer.
§44a; ^6dd,e).
VflA,
(s.v.
be boundless,
7d pp.
(§
29, 30) yfl5al, it is
boundless, etc.
:^*P
h^aua
!
(haua), interj. expressing surprise or fear.
th'PC^ haudrya,
s.
apostle,
ih'PC'^ haiiar'' oc (-cc
pi.
th'PCp^ haudrydt
-C^-f"^ -rydt^^oc (-cc [cp.
JUtD^ IfV
(§
Eth.
id.
^^j\y».
id.,
8
(§
also
;
used as a
§ 6),
sg.),
§ 6).
Eth.
/»»j^'P
:
a>-
(qarm-
AOHA § 7c?
sat h^'ona, o
iflC
••
hihTr
I
/ilf
i
IfV «
or gerund
^
:
ifi
it
h'^^ona,
lie.
a revolt (has) occurred.
24&,
(§
§
33c)
may
dfngat yimmallasu
come
possibly
hjK,i-fl>-^sjK,If9A:: Sitaut yih^onal,
fllf ^
i"X^'t'
bih^on
(it),
(bih-),
perhaps,
nu, takwdkwanu,
§
to be or
7^? p.
31
;
yi-
back.
they would
they must have seen him
(it).
s.v. fl-
tahwdhwanu (tahwahwdnu, (a)
o
used impersonally with contingent
h^onal, they
him
qadm
:
^77^!^<w>Afr:|J.lf'7A::
see
::
wuHwwul nabbar dhun wtiwas doubtful before: now it
dmat
TA may be
Yiflj?:
now pronounced kodA Har. kut
d,'t:'''?^C-^ah.hTr'^lir^'''^^i'i(D''.i nji,
h^'ddu qai
black but his heart *
his belly
ir^
:
red
is
^(loh'i -04* ••
A
:
',
naii, is
beer,
If ^9"
h^'Sdam
'.'•
lit.
h^ od yabbaun bfqil
mind has hidden
bfqil
adj. (a) corpulent, stout.
h^^odamfnnat
greedy, gluttonous.
(-nat),
s.
(a) corpulence. (b)
AM. GR. (hi)
fitu tuqiir
his face indeed is
'.
(§ 8),
1
interior]
brings forth, prov.^, cp.
(b) If ^JP^^
Ass.
liver,
gudu
in the right place,
^tom^fii
s.v. fl*l*A)
vino Veritas
stomach,
s.v. *I»A
yauwtaual, what the (i.e.
Eth.
-]^3 "l",^ la^aia
kabittu liver, disposition, Soni.
nau
cp.
;
Guidi, Prov.
i.
greediness.
2.
2
'
in
!
J'l^C
[cp.
Eth. Tna.
remain,
^i^etaddarh?, pol. Itxl^^-.h^^^
nd^et addaru?, good morning!,
'how did
lit.
—
you pass the night?' reply the same, preceded by K*7»t^'flrh.C!^<w>ftTJ:: igziayh^^gr yimmasgan nH.U°:'}AV:?i'}^^;^.S.:f'^^J^C:fArK bazzih i-
1am indiifiqddu yammyddir yallam, there is nobody in this world who lives as he likes. h°llih^C\)"' lamdn addarh?, with whom have you served ? I^Hn-si-^sK^j^CA^J^K gdnzayu tajju (s.v. "k^) a^^adrillatim (§71), his money slips through his fingers, lit. doesn't last in his hand fl*}^ J&^e, Lent,-Vl-^^,
s.v.
AuH'i hiddn, covenant,
azziilac,
v/hPft
h»^^
/h*7 higg, s. (a) religious law.
religious marriage.
(b)
(c) virginity.
pi.
!ti1p^ higgfgdt [cp.
Eth.
(§ 8). id.
(Brockelmann, Vergl, Gram.
i.
§
88a)
S .
Tfia. VT.
(\ti''ih*^i
flrh^
VIC hagar ihl^tl
•
bdla
(§
pn
id- («)) Jia-
justice]
9d) higg, married
man or woman.
V^ K bahiggwd (§§ 8, 1 26) nat, she is a virgin.
(-gar),
hagwws,
s.
country,
= hlC
a man's name,
lit.
*joy'.
[Tna.]
V'IiTK
Eth. -^Th to miss (Praetorius, Beit. 16), Te.
[cp-
i
M.
/fiTO to
j.^;>o
^i^n
;
App.),
I.
v.t.
to miss, not to
to lack.
^C'-i-ld^ --h^ihl^jy' §
^
.-Ja^
sin,
to err, sin, Ass. x".^" to sin]
atta (§42a; Part find
be missing, XJOH to miss,
mar
tagayaia
(S.)
t4ttahu(n
any honey in the
Qle), I couldn't find
{§
59a)
market. 'ttli^'-h^V^'-aofn'^ii tasfa aticc^'e I
;^^
came away
tatta (Part
I.
mdttau^ iVd),
in despair.
App.), (a)
v.
be missed, lacked. to be missing, lack-
p. to
{b) v.i.
ing.
M^ asatta
(§
to miss, etc.
prive
h(n^
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow or be missed, etc. (§68), to de-
22a, y;
of.
ft^^ot (§ 8),
s.
lack, need.
TJli-nshrn-fesh^l^A-^K ganzav it^Gt^e
m 12b,
55b) ccaggarallau^, I shall be embarrassed
my
lack of money, (ellipse of f before
cp.
§
^auh^
-
by
iTfll'd,
70).
hdtydt
(dt-;
§ 8), s.
(a) sin, ofience, crime,
(b)
moral impurity. euphem. for semen.
[cp.
Eth. "ifiKh^ Tfia.
]A.»..^uK»
Ass. x*?e<w
:i/n,>.^
id. (a)]
:5»ni,hi'? hatyataniia (-tan-), {a) adj. sinful. (b)
vrnPl
[cp.
Eth. /he>
s.
^J•i\r^.
to protect, ^>ci».
sinner.
to embrace, Ass. )(asanu
|vn
P-»~»
bosom]
A
rh0V—
23 fh^l'i Iiitaii (§8),
s.
also Hxfn^^ hitdndt
ihn
hfsdn
(§ S),
G.,
= km'i
/lfi^'>V^
= ^hmi;
(§ 8),
to 7 years; pi.
(§ 8).
pi.
hitanfnnat (h'H-
also /hV*?^- hisdndt
pi.
;
[cp.
Eth. Tfia.
also
Km^^'
(§ 8).
hmir ftdn
up
infant; child
ita-
id.,
Te. ^f-h boy]
itdndt
(§ 8).
!h1- hisa-, G.; -nat),
;
s.
infancy.
&
'^/hm'J mdh(i)tan,
^m'i mdtan, o •
V^ hie,
s.
uterus.
'
larva of bee,
S.,
O^li^s^A hafhaff dla, (s.v.
(inf.)
§
= X^P* to tremble, shake.
v.i.
VflA,
§
44a).
U^O^-'lti^i hafhaffi
refers to the j^ciragraphs
7d) mdlat,
(§
of
the
Amha7-ica, Part A-
la-.
A-
l(i)-,
Grammar
trembling.
(Initia
I).
compos, with verb
[in
s.
-11a-, -ll(i)-],
(a)
for.
(b)
to the advantage of
(c)
to.
prp.
(§§47a,7l) [cp.
^r*'i K
lamin?
(§ 8),
Eth.
A-
Tna. A- -J -^ -li
for what?, with
why? ^0: ASi-'Vfl**:: yihe lan^e
(§
what
7a) nau, this
-z id.]
object?,
is
for me.
Am.T /&;^m'flfl;'•A « sau lat^ena yittattayibbatal, one bathes in it for one's health.
rtfli-
••
•
A
:
A—
24
•CO
P'^£nlTfl^• If VA^:: vatamafnijiu
was
his wish
happened
gratified,
(^ ^ •
62b, c) h'^dnallat, o '
'what he desired
lit.
for him'.
h^lM.h'dth.Ci^fl'V^^i'- igziayh^er yistillin,
may
me = thank you. (b) is common, but A-, A- may merely mark
God The sense
grant
(it
to you) for
the recipient
mirrdc faras o o o
9"^'^!-VlJ
••
s.
Eth. fUr'O k-J to gleam]
a man's name,
lit.
'may he
'.
A9":t A
filled out,
::
s|unnatu IdmtSal, he
developed.
(it)
has
hti"^
alamma
22a,
(§
/3
App. A),
;
v.t.
to render prosperous, to cause to
(a)
thrive.
to render populous.
{b)
hhh^ aslamma
(§
22a,
y
;
App. A),
v.t.
to cause or
allow to prosper, etc.
^A*^ talamma
(§
22b,
e
App. A),
;
v.i.
be or become rather prosperous, begin
(a) to
to thrive, (more than A*^*^). (6)
to
be or become populated here and there, in parts.
(c)
M*^
to be diffused, spread about.
all^mma (a) to
A*^*^
(§
if))
to render populated in parts.
(c)
to diffuse, spread about.
thrive a
(§
22b,
y]\
App.
talamSmma
A*^^ Ifmdt
(§ 8), s.
aofi^^ malldmya,
(§
22b, d
(§
42c;
v.i.
to prosper or
;
App. A), ;
v.i.
= 't'^^
inhabited, populous.
prosperity. s.
{a) splint (b)
idma
A),
little.
h9° lam (lam), adj. prosperous
A«w»
v.t.
cause to begin to thrive.
lamamma
i'A'^'^
App. A),
22b, i\
App. A),
(§
52a,
8).
a woman's name.
v.i.
be or become powdered, ground fine. of animals) to be OF be-
(«) to
(b,
come
poor, weak, not
spirited. [cp.
Eth. A^hoD
id. (6),
Tna. ^-hao
id. (a)]
^co
29
Mao
aldma
htlfiao
—
App. A), v.t. (a) to powder, grind fine. (b, animals) to render poor, weak, 22a,
(§
^
lierofi
;
etc.
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to be or become powdered, ground fine, asldma
22a, y;
(§
poor, etc.
A9"
lim, (a)
s.
(/S)
(a)
powder.
{b)
flour.
adj. (a) fine-ground, (b, of animals)
A9"!?iUAs lim o ^|S.V: Ai'"--
^0D^
aina
limat (-mat),
1^^^
ihil,
maldmya,
o
o
powdered.
poor, wcak, uot Spirited.
grain. ground o o
9d) lim, small-eyed.
(§§ 8,
fineness (of flour,
s.
etc.).
instrument for powdering stone
s.
;
for grinding small.
f n-l **^f{*^^ :
A9" lam,
s.
:
yayiinn malamya, coffee-mill.
(a) cow. (&, §
herd of cattle.
52a, 8)
^ ^
[cp.
Eth. fwr* Tna.
(bull), JgaLi
A-*^ r^omi,
s.
cp.
;
lime [fruit
(Broun, Cat.
(§
Id
p.
nh^flH:[n^:A9"ftArt talamassasa (-lam(a) v.p. to
;
22a, a
be bent down,
;
App. A),
etc.
bend oneself down.
(c) v.i.
to
go
talamsds
run away, (§ 8), s.
aslamassasa (-lam-;
to cause or allow to
bent down, iiotiTh'^
§
to
(part.) i'ti9^^'ti-hhiiaofifi
§
coward.
22a, y\
App. A),
bend down,
etc. (§68).
malamsasa
he
his hair.
(b) v.r.
off,
(S.),
(-lamsasa),
s.
comb.
etc.
v.t.
or be
;
:
f[9°(\—^0o'l
31 f'{9°(\
A9^(\fi
lamba,
s.
(a)
lamp.
(b)
lamp
lambadda,
adj.
oil.
[-e^j..,
A9"n*P'
lamb^oc
A.*^^ l^emdt
(§ 8), s.
(a) (b)
at the lioo'i
(-J^-V^ ^
Oo
-ddfnnat,
-nat), '"
s.
stutter.
(§ 8), s.
A"*^;^ I'^omfta,
id. («)]
stammering, stuttering.
Al^n^V^ lambaddannat O O stammer,
through Cc6n.^.* limutt fncat, a
smooth piece of
wood. «oA<w>«i
A^T
lamt,
malammdca s.
(-maca),
leprosy.
s.
strop.
[cp. Eth.
A9"», ajt* Tna. a?»k,
id.,
ix«J white spot (on horse's lower lip)]
nA: A9"T.' bala
^rinr lamtdm ^
(§
Qd) lamt, leper.
(§8), adj. leprous.
Cp. Faitlovitch, Prov. 29.
3—2
iiaDOX
—
36
iiODGBb
Jii0D(n0D(n
[Frequentative, enlarged from A^/oHl
Hebr. Gram.
two
last
55«
§
radicals,
quick succession
'
7tO
/Dp with
cp.
;
Gesenius,
repetition of the
used of movements repeated in
']
talmatdmmata (§ 22a, a; App. A), (a) Y.p. to be chewed continually, at
'tfiieromaotn
length. {b,
esp. pi.)
V.
recip. to agree together,
be reconciled. h^tromaDm almatammata (§ 22a, 13 App. A), (a) v.t. to chew continually, etc. {b) v.i. to work (one's mouth) as ;
if
chewing.
h^^!^Ain»mJ^'nA« dfun yalmatdmmital, he works his mouth as if he were chewing. ala, v.i. & t. = hA<w>met asldqqim, have
some
wood gathered. hf[*PaD
allaqqama
(§
22b,
I, ;
Part
I.
App.),
v.i.
&
t.
to
pick, gather or reap with others, to help to pick, etc. A.'f^^!?iUA-'>:^A4»'^A-::
qimallu, the
ii^^oD laqaqqama
women (§
225,
pick or gather a
77;
s>et'^occ
ihilun yallaq-
help to reap the corn.
Part
little,
I.
App.),
v.i.
&
t.
to
here and there; to
pick out, select. 'p^-.a^^f^^Ohii m^'ot laqaqqamaccau, death carried
them
off
one by one.
;
({''iili^^mm
bunn laqdqqama, he
selected the
coffee.
+A^+<w> talaqaqqama
(§
226, 6
Part
;
App.), v.p. to
I.
be picked or gathered here and there to be picked out, selected. fi'ti^^aoifl-'ii'. yatalaqaqqama (§62) yunn, se;
lected coffee.
hli^^ao
alaqaqqama
(i)
22&,
(§
t
Part
;
I.
App.),
to cause or allow to pick or gather a
v.t.
little
to send to pasture.
g^eta kaftun yalaqdq-
^;^.•h'n1^'J!^Aj^4»'^AK
qimal, the master sends his animals to graze.
hii^^oD
&
(ii) t.
allaqaqqama
22b, k
{§
;
Part
I.
App.),
v.i.
to pick or gather with others, help to pick.
(\C^ : 'hfli'Jj^T'^
••
pC
h'i^E^^
•'
tauojndimm'^ dccu gar
(§
mal, the slave gathers
A^*^ laqama,
s.
••
^A^**^ A K barya
476) fnc^et yallaqdqqi-
wood with
his fellows.
picking, gathering.
neat laqama (§8) hada, he
h'iea,^''^^'l•^^h,^-.'.
has gone to gather Avood. A+?" l^qam, s. pasture, grazing.
A*5^:^An^:ft^^: laqam yallabbat (§§32a, 62c) sifra, a place where there is some grazing. A;^*^ liqqami,
^^{P ifqq^m
s.
leavings, rubbish.
(^ 8^^
adj. (a)
meagre, poor of its kind.
(b)
stunted.
a4»9" liqim, adj. clean (of grain,
etc.),
free
from im-
purities.
00^^^%^ malqamya, s. place for picking or gathering. J&U f 'JfiH.^s ao^^'X^ "kd- yfhc yancat malqam••
ya
::
'
(§
8) nau, this is
a place for gathering wood.
aoti^'^'%^ malaqaqamya,
s.
= ao^^^^
:
ii^^ao—tk-^h
43 lL^aD\\ti liqamdkwds, equerry,
VA+rt
[cp.
s.v.
A+
Eth. M+ft to condole with, Te. A*rt
to mourn, Tfia. >iA*rt to deliver a funeral
a—iJ
oration,
to feel loathing,
C.>*>.a.J
J J a ^
la)
hii^ii alaqqasa
Part
41c?;
(§
I.
(a)
v.i.
to weep.
{b)
v.i.
&
M'P'i-'^ti^fi^i'-
App.),
mourn
to
t.
to be distressed]
abbatun
(for).
yalaqsal,
he
is
-mourn-
ing for his father, Slqas
(part.) AiAj**7i
s.
(§ 8),
mourner, professional
mourner. 1"A4»rt
talaqqasa '
(§
41a App. A),
be mourned
v.p. to
;
"
(for).
hfll2ej&A4»^AK abbdtu yilldqqasal, his father
being mourned
Also used impers.
tA+rtA^K
(§
for.
43a) with -A-
talaqqasallat, she
^AA+rt aslaqqasa allow to
(§
is
41e
;
47a)
was mourned
App. A),
weep or mourn
(§
(for)
for.
to cause or
v.t.
or be
mourned
(for), (§ 68).
+A+A
taldqqasa
(§
22&, e;
Part
I.
App.),
v.i.
to
mourn
publicly.
A4»^ Hqs'^o,
s.
weeping
A-^A luqds (-qwds
;
§ 8), s.
;
mourning.
Luke.
'^aD't'-for Hao'iil A-^fts liiqas,
dmata
(or
zamana;
the year before leap-year;
S
9^)
s.v. *J 332
]*^^ Ass. lihhu
id.]
A-n— A-fl
46 libbu yamdkkarau
A(^•'^aD]1^a^•'rh>^u
hada, he did as he pleased,
lit.
'
(§
62c)
he went on
(the path which) his heart advised
him
'.
^'J^AfhsflAK ndalibbu yalla, he ate to his heart's content.
Hbba
Afls^''*!
Afl
•
libba viru sau, an intellij^ent man.
'fl4-! rto)-!
fA-n
yalfbbi
••*-'>-- J&A'fl'flK
8).
[cp.
bdql^oun yiUbbiy,
v.t.
to
J4-J id]
him put
let
a halter on the mule. i'Aflfl
talabbaba (-aya
41&
§
;
Part
;
I.
App.),
have a halter, etc. put on. hhiidd aslabbaba (-ava ^ 41e App. A), ;
;
v.t.
v. p.
to
to cause
or allow to put a halter, etc. on or have a halter, etc. Afl-fl
libab (Hydy;
AOn lab^oba
put on § 8),
(lay^oya),
A'flV!^^*7A libna
s.
68).
feather
s.
(-iyn-)
(§
halter; head-stall.
dingil,
(§
s.
Abyssinia who reigned 1508
52a, y; cp.
name
Afl).
of a king of
— 1540.
[Eth. 'myrrh of the Virgin']
AH'i" libb'^ona, intelligence, s.v. A-fl
Aflm Idbbata (type B § 35 App. A), metal, wood, etc.), encase. ;
[cp.
Eth.
id.,
iLy ^'^
v.t.
to overlay (with
to plaster, ]^Y) covering]
Aflm— A»^
51
i'Aflm taldbbata
(§
41^
App. A),
;
v.p.
to
be
overlaid,
encased. A-flT libbit, adj. encasing, close-fitting.
VAflm AflT.-KA labatt (-dya-)
dla,
(not G.),
v.i.
(a)
to yield to pressure, give.
(b)
to submit, acquiesce.
(c)
to prostrate oneself, lie down.
See VnA.
§
44a;
§
63^,
e.
(
= AT:^A)
AnT:'nOi,A:: lavatti (§7^ pp. 29, 30) vilSl,
it
yields to pressure, etc.
j&U.f'>6a^sihT.AnT-^^Arim'>h^sifl>-K yfhe yancat hiin'^o layatt ailim this is
made
of
:
tankarrd
wood and
(§ 8)
nau,
doesn't give:
it's
hard.
addrraga,
tid'? hf!^d.l labatt (-ava-) •'
v.t.
to subdue;
to control, govern.
&
A;^
Idta,
A^
lat (lat),
A^
lat, s. (a)
s.
day,
(
sheep's
= ^^^,
s.v. e Idkka, :
dndi gfz>e qfdad, measure ten times, tear (the cloth) once, proverb (cp. Guidi, Prov. n. 55).
+Ah
taldkka
22a, a; Part
(§
I.
App.),
be measured. to measure oneself.
(a) v.p. to (b)
v.r.
^AAh asldkka
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to measure or be measured (§ 68). (§22a, y;
App. A), v.p. to be com(§ 22b, 6 measurement or dimensions.
i'Ahh talakakka
pared
in
^Ahh allakakka
;
(§
v.t.
help to measure.
{a) to
compare
to
{b)
App. A),
226, k;
in
measurement or
di-
mensions.
Ah
likk,
(a)
s.
measure, measurement, dimension quantity; proportion.
exact
correct
moderate.
(b)
adj.
(c)
adv. abbr. for flAh (below).
iPT-AVt: minlikk>e,
;
;
&
9"Alrfc! millikkJ^e, (§ 126),
abbreviations of
^"^AhAflH ![?"'>• Ah s*iAfl>-:l minlikkdllau, L o o o -J
man's name,
He?
lit.
'what measure has
(§12c, sc. God),
surable
'
i.e.
(§
77)
He
(s.v.
is
s.
a
hii)
immea-
'.
OAVl! bdlikk
(§ 8),
adv. exactly; correctly
;
mode-
rately.
flAh-'^m^lAK baHkk rately.
yitdttal,
he drinks mode-
Ah— Ah
54
(!-...«
AVi ba-... likk, prp. according to the
sure
of,
in proportion to,
fltUUsAlri! bazzih
13a)
(§
mea-
(§ 4:7b).
commensurate
likk,
with this, in proportion to this. flC'H<w»'t its Alf]
••
Ah
barzfmatu
s
likk, in
proportion to
length.
malk,
s.
{a)
appearance, form.
(b)
colour.
(c)
sacred poetry.
tiD^Yi:tw^h9"'-
malka
(§
mdlkam,
9d)
fair in ap-
pearance, beautiful. -.'A*lft*lf|."n{^AB
the furniture
Iqau
likfskissi (§ 7d)yi\6i\,
in great disorder.
is
ti^ti ?if +Aaim Tf V'fl : AhftVl A : je,A ••
••
zinav taUuwata o O'O OO
ooo
yilal,
liki'skiss
•
A«
^ o
nifas iyya-
as the
wind
changes the rain keeps driving in different directions.
A-h^^ lukanda,
Ahh lakkaka
inn.
s.
(lak-
(a) to (b)
;
type
§
35
fl- (§
;
App. A),
v.t.
ijj^^]
.
47a) with.
to fasten, attach, attribute, (wrongly), to. [cp.
Eth. ATih to
all
i'Mlh talakkaka
v.r.
that
(-lak-;
(a) v.p. to
i'Aln'fl?
B
smear,
n
(b)
locanda, through
[it.
§
is
fix, etc. s.v. /^J|
ULj to give
due]
22a, a
;
be smeared,
App. A), etc.
to fasten or attach oneself
A K talakk'^obbifliial, it has been smeared
on me,
falsely attributed to
i"i ! i'AV^A K tan^e talakkoal,
me.
he
(it)
clings to me.
!
Ahh— AhV^^Aahifiis^i-^\\^li
han^e
(G.
man
this
Id
§§ 4:7a,
;
(§ 7c?
p. 33, 7a,
p. 28,
§
sau
8)
12a) taldkkSal,
has fastened on to me,
I can't
get
rid of him.
Ahh
lakdka, adj. pertinacious, persistently remaining,
importunate. ^Wtl'hts. Ifkikk dla,
stay one's
Ahh fcA A •
yahe
(§
!
^1
A lakakk
(s.v.
VnA,
welcome
-i-ild-'
remain (s.v.
^Oh ftU i
man
83c), this
persistently, out-
VflA,
§
44cf
;
§
6 p. 18).
nau he is
Ifkikk vilal, tasari
::
persists in staying,
a soldier quartered on one.
(like)
Ahh
to
v.i.
§
dla,
44a
v.i.
§
;
to
be or become long and
6 p. 18
;
§ 63c?,
Ahh :^A: rt(i>-.- Ukakk yala
(§§
thin,
e\ 14, 7a, 8) sau,
a
tall
thin person. Ah<S.
lakkafa (lak-
;
type
scent.
A
§
34
App. A),
v.t.
to
sniff,
[cp. Eth. id. to touch, Tfia, tChi. to taste,
Syrian i"l- :: b^ etuu cfqa (§56/) Idu wwsau
he plastered the house with mud. i'Aflirt
talauwasa (-wwsa
kneaded,
§
;
4l6
;
App. A),
v.p.
etc.
was (am
fl'T'^.-'hAaiAVbK baciqa talduwwsku, I §
6^d) covered with mud.
^AAcdA aslauwasa (-wwsa §41e; App. A), ;
v.t.
to cause
or allow to knead, etc. or be kneaded, etc. Afl)rt
to be
lauwasa (-wwsa
;
§
226, S
;
App. A),
v.i.
wriggle, struggle to free oneself
(§ 68).
to writhe,
61 i'Aoirt
— Aflim
App. A), to be overthrown, thrown to the
talduwasa (-wwsa (a)
Aflirt
v.p.
22b,
§
;
e
;
ground. v.p.
(b)
to be
changed
in place or position,
moved. (c)
v.i.
change one's place or position, move. to
rtfl^:AJi;^Ji!^i¥•j&A(DAAK sdu saittai zaf yilMu-
wwsal, the tree
(trees are
is
before anyone (that causes
Matii
alauwasa
(i)
=
v.t.
hfiatii (ii)
(-w&>sa
;
52a, 8)
it) is
App. B,
seen.
226, r
§
moved
;
App. A),
Aflirt (d).
allauwasa (-wwsa (a)
to help to
(b)
to
226, ^
§
;
daub or
App. A),
;
v.t.
plaster.
change the place or position of, move.
'V'^at't'-h^ahfir^ii
plaster the
mud
ciqavm allausan, help
me
to
v.t,
to
on.
A'PoiA lauauwasa (-wwsa; §226,7^;
knead,
§
App. A),
etc. thoroughly.-
A*PA lauwassa, adj. (a) maimed, crippled. (b) blind.
Aai.A liwwus (luwiis
§ 7c?
p. 27), (a)
s.
dough, paste.
(b) adj. (i) (ii)
AiDfli
Iduwata (-wwta (a)
v.t.
(b)
v.t.
(c)
v.t.
(d)
s.
;
type
B
§
35
to alter, change
;
;
Part
I.
kneaded.
= A'PA
App.),
to vary.
to exchange. to change the place or position
of, move.
a man's name.
[cp. Te.
Tna.
id.
Eth. mlim
id.
Dillmann, Lex. ^th. s.v. rem habuit cum mare]
Am. Spr. § 65a; jju id.), U»y i»*i (ille)
(Praetorius, cp.
lUDm
— tiwax
62 fdras baydql'^o
d,dhin(\^^^:ti^^(D'*?^^f,^^pfiiii lilduwiit
(§ 7c? p.
27) yifdlligal,
he wants to ex-
change a horse for a mule. +AflJfli talauwata (-wa>ta; S 41&: Part
be
(a) v.p. to
I.
App.),
altered, etc.
{h) v.r. to alter, etc. oneself.
htihaaax aslauwata (-wwta
or allow to alter,
+Aaim
§
;
41g App. A), ;
or be altered,
etc.
talauwata (-wwta
§
;
226,
e
v.t.
etc.
App. A),
;
to cause
(§68).
to
be
v.t.
to
v.p.
exchanged.
Maim
allauwata (-wwta; §226,^; App. A),
help to exchange or trade. fcU^!T}H'fl:n'nC.AiA(D-TA^:! yihan gdnzav vayfrr
(§
52a, S) allautillin
money changed v.t.
(h)
v.i.
me
this
into dollars.
A'Pflim lauduwata (-wwta (a)
47a), get
(§
;
§
22&,
17
;
App. A),
to alter, etc. slightly.
to be inconsistent, say first one thing
and then another. •fti^fDOi
talauauwata
(-wcota
§
;
225, ^
;
App. A),
(a)
v.p.
to be altered, etc. slightly.
{h)
v.p.
to
be
altered, etc. completely, al-
together.
to
be or become thin (Guidi
(c)
v.i.
(d)
v.recip. to
s.v.
cp.
exchange or trade with one
another. nA-flft i'A'P aim* K balfvs OO" •*
talauauwwtu, ex•' they ^ 00
changed clothes with each hti^Patai
(i)
alauauwata (-wwta
;
§
other. 226,
to cause to alter, etc. slightly.
t
;
App. A),
v.t.
Aflim— AH
63 JtA'PiDm
allauauwata (-wota
(ii)
V.t.
§
;
App. A),
22b, k ;
= hfUDOl
(part.) /iA.ln> Ass.
eli-
A6A
(lA^ balSi
\S
*
.
(a) adv. (6)
s.
!
fl-
A*A,
102d) ^U, ascend,
&
prp.
= A^
s.
above
us.
a man's name,
lit.
*
Thou
(so.
art (§136) above'.
ba- (ka-, ta-)... lai
[h-, i'-]...! Aj&
over; on, on top of; on to •
fl^ Aj&
s
n A;ifl>-
'•
put
ib. §
e^^Hi to
«-^e,
M.
a man's name.
balaiaccin,
flA^VU balainah,
God)
-^y, -*7y
to raise]
(§ 8),
flA^'f"'}:
plS^ ^^V
^^
above, over, Te.
higher, Eth. AOa' ('aus A- +h}^', Id.
^,Xe to be high,
Sy J^ height,
Spr. § 50g)
banfid Aje,
it
••
lai,
above
hf:CliD'
v.
;
(§ 8), (§
prp. above,
476).
us.
balgdu laidrgau (§ 7d p. 34),
on to the bed.
n-^f|:^nfl:A)i:
baddis ayayd
lai,
(a) at
Addis
Abeba. (b)
A^^ lafniia, adj. upper. A^^i^ lainninnat (-?V^
-nndnnat, -nat),
vi§-
s.
A.A.
upper
position. A/i-^ laida, S.,
A^^
IMat
A^^ laddn
s.
shovel (made of wood).
(-dat),
(§ 8), s.
s.
Christmas,
s.v.
fliA^
(a) large basket. (b, as
measure)
=
2 'k't (sometimes more).
5—2
Ag— A^gp AK*
lij, s.
68
son
child,
A3?a4*i^ lijaliqs''o,
54&),
(§
lip
(i)
^;}
(ii)
fliA^
a quick-growing barley, sown in
s.
times of scarcity, ^^IdJ!: lijagarad
s.y.
'child's lament'.
lit.
(-jdgar-),
s. girl, s.v.
wiifi
laga, adj. fresh, new, young.
Ugga
42a, end
(§
(a) to
App. A),
;
[cp. Te. id. calf]
v.t.
push or thrust
jostle,
over, over-
throw. to hit, drive (the ball in the
(b)
i'iip talagga
(§
22a, a;
App. A),
game
I't)
to be jostled,
v.p.
driven, etc. htlti;)
aslagga
(§
allow to jostle,
^AT- talaggu
(§
App. A), v.t. to cause or etc. or be jostled, etc. (§68). App. A), v.recip. to jostle, etc.
22a, y;
226,
e
;
one another. aotv%^ malaggya,
ao^%^ malgya t\rp l^oga, (a)
S., s.
(mal-), G.,
become are
§
persons)
fine, well
;
[Ga. loga id.]
formed,
App. A),
inactive, lazy, slow, to dawdle,
?i£--A*?'XAk
fjjJ^e
52a, y)
(either
lagmoal,
slow,
because of
game
= twiixy
A & B §§ 34, 35
laggama (types or
s.
long broad-headed spear.
s.
(h) adj. (of
tilao
club or bat, used in the
my hand
disabled,
I
v.i.
tall.
to
be
(§ 63fZ, e).
is
(hands
cannot work
illness or otherwise).
*l»^riA!A'7'2.AK qwiisil laggimoal, the
wound has
healed superficially (and not internally).
:
Mao — A7"
s.
44a
§
-mm
;
6 p. 18).
§
fjj>e
behaves as
Vfl A,
(s.v.
••
§
bil6al,
(s.v. J(\^,
6 p. 18
7d) vfl6al,
(§
= ?ȣ
44a;
§
13).
1.
=
A*7
:
A'?*!;^^
inactivity; laziness, idleness.
A*71^na,^ liofmbab^et
(-av^^-;
ness in the house
A*79"n7A ligimbagala, 'idleness
s.
S 8), s.
idler,
lit.
'idle-
'.
diaphanous white
cloth,
lit.
on the body'.
A*7<w»? ligmaiiiia (-man-), adj. (a) inactive, lazy, slow. (b)
li>aD laggwwma (type
B
§
35
;
superficially healed.
Part
App.),
I.
(a)
v.t.
to bridle, put a bridle on.
(b)
v.t.
to cover, bind, (esp. with leather).
(c)
v.t.
to load (a fire-arm).
{d)
v.i.
to cut grass for forage.
[denom. from Tna.
id. (c),
A^9",
Te. A-len.
^{.^MiAT'^As: farasun
Eth. Tna.
^p.
J^\
Syrian
(a),
id.
J^
id. (a)]
laggwumS^l, he
has
bridled the horse. fl^a>-^ A7"/w>a>- K •*
(part.)
bar^eun laggwcumau
muzzled the bull, A^'TL Iwggwdmi (lag-),
With h^,
s.
(§
Qld),
he
groom, syce.
to stop the mouth, mutfle, gag,
ai'}(i^--^p^(D''iih4-'iiii>aD(D'»
(§
56/)
wwmbad^e nag-
gad^eun dfun Idggwajmaii, the robber (s 8) gagged the merchant(s ib.).
§
52a,
A7°<w»— Alrt i'ii'h'aD
70
taldggwwma
41 &
(§
Part
;
I.
App.),
v. p.
to be
bridled, etc.
n*cn^:JiA>'^A« baq^dryat bound with leather.
yilldggwwmal,
it is
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to bridle, etc. or be bridled, etc. (§ 68). M'h'aD allaggwajma (§ 22b, ^ App. A), v.t. to help to
hlllil^aD aslaggwcoma
41e
(§
;
;
bridle.
hli^l^aD allagwaggwcuma
^^9° Ifgwdm (lugdm [cp.
Eth.
h^'b^^ algum, hli^'h'9^
§
(§
7c? p.
22b, k
27
Tfia. id. Te. h'pr'
adj. (of
;
;
App. A),
§ 8), s.
^UJ
=
M
bridle, bit.
^\
]V)
v.t.
>1XJ
Pers.
id.]
persons) silent, mute.
allagwdgwwm,
s.
manner or method of
bridling. Alrt Idggasa (type
B
§
35
App. A),
;
(a)
v.t.
to bestow, give as a present.
(b)
v.t.
to yield in great(er
(c)
v.i.
to
§
be or become generous,
(§ 636?, e).
(d)
v.i.
to
s.
liberal,
[cp. Tfia. id.]
be or become abundant, nume-
rous, (e)
5Sb) quantity.
(§
6Sd,
e).
a man's name.
^Ui^sAlrt^K yihannan laggasan, he bestowed this on me, gave me this as a present. ft^:A{r*:aii':t'>:^A*7:i'A4-A-'^:^rh.-S.K
caumma them
you stay; as for them,
yihidu,
let
go.
aD^h9"
f,V*l diri • :
kdm
regards]
!
'lOh
::
yihamma yfh^on mal-
nau, why, that will be nice.
d!.T K
farasmnma yiqqamat
as for the horse, let
(-aiqq-),
it stay.
am^'oranna
h1^^^'-^fii--i'p(i"-htk':-'
tagdbbu
qil
dlu:
hH^^fi K zzadyassa ?
-h)
(s.v. -ft,
n^ YxTlnOhr add » zzadyamhn^^'l 4»A-9" ma qflum tasabbara am^'draum barrara, xo ooo X; An eagle and a gourd met each other, they say (lit. said Y Yes, and then ? X Well, then the gourd got broken and the eagle flew :
'
i-rt
-.
:
oooo
'
away.
(cp.
Distinguish -^
-mm -9"
(i)
-I-
Mittwoch, Proben,
-mma from
inter,
-m (-mm
suff".
-h -a
b).
p. 24).
-mma = neg.
-*^
(q.v.).
[cp.
Eth. -ao (Praetorius,
Ass. -ma particle of emphasis
d,dh''P'i'-(\^itr9°-a\i^i'. faras o
taff'a,
-9" follows
is
Spr.
§
225a)
m^otao vaql^om o •
-^
the horse died and the mule ran away.
and he told me; usually interposed between the verb and the naggaraiinim
auxiliary hti
(§
(§
12c),
32)
ncT^*^ A naorr'' oiiilimmal, and he has told me; commonly it follows it nagr^^oiinaUim, = ^1C^*n^ k i*7cr? A9" ••••
less
o
Am.
= Lat. -dem, -met]
other suffixes
'ild^9"'»
and
suff! -9"
conj. and, even, also, too, (§§
suff".
§ 6),
48&, 72a,
:
:
').
:••
y —
y—
81 ...-y:
...-m(m)...-m(m), both... and; whether
...y ... or.
K'^n A K zdfum f fryeum balas nau mmibbal (5 14), both the tree and
H^y
:
-y n Aft :
•
Vfl^
the fruit are called
OhV
:
n,TCy
:
!
flAft (fig).
n/Z.S"cy : -Mi,^ : ?i'>rt¥^AT^ « wtiha
yi-
nnsafrallan, whether drim tazzyd n^^drim bain" o o o o o *'
there
y
(ii)
is
-m (-mm
water or not we shall camp there.
§ G),
indef. particle,
pron.
(§ 16),
(q.v.)
giving
and sometimes attached it
Am.
ever, D- in
Aram.
rtoH.-fAy-" sau yallam,
rtfl>-y
!
f
Ay
K
yftVlC!^AO:•. ^^
saumm -y
:
353,
2), 1>0-
Qyi^ (=
&
in
^^ what-
V^D)
i^f2
Aah9^i^ti'.'.
anything]
saum
yalla
anybody here (there). sdiim yallam, there isn't anybody all.
— rtfl>-y.KA::
alia,
misikkir o o o
—
allah?
X: Have you any witnesses?
There are some, one or two.
-m (-mm
(iii)
§
-cunque -ever
cp. U--
37^), there isn't
here (there) at
Y
§96b;
Spr.
(Wright, Ar. Gram.
iii §
to iioh
the sense of 'any, some'.
[Praetorius,
(-9"
attached to indef.
§ 0),
negative particle, attached to
negative verb (§§37, 62d). [' ebenso identisch mit dem tive \a mit
dem
indefiniten
?jji' Praetorius,
Am.
-m(e)n, -m(i)n D.
-mun
is
not
;
indefiniten -JP* wie das negaLo, rie7i
Spr. fjitj
mit rem,
§210b;
cp.
U
^JS!^-
mit
Nub.K.
not, mti, M.viotx Ga. miti it
see Reinisch, Spr. St.
Nuba
§
39]
aof^ K matta, he came. hfiiODftiT*
h?l) AM. GR,
(ill)
'•'•
::
almattam, he did not come.
ayyah, you saw. 6
:
:
r—T
;;
;
;
82 AiAfUJ^K alayyahim, you did not see.
yan>e aidallam, he
fis^ij&^AJ'":!
(opposed to 'he -*y*
may be
').
transferred to an adjacent word, the
then
negation
word :
applying specially to that
376)
(§
f &9" hj&^
(but
U mine
not mine
(it) is
A K yan^emm
somebody
aidal he
is
not mine
else's)
know
rh.Ej^ s h'ttD-^* K hijj^emm alauq, I don't
because
haven't been,
I
been know though
(§
'
65a
may have no
this transference
effect :
yamattam
^tm^XT'^ti'A
there
is
appreciable
tioned in
§
&
ydlla,
not (anybody)
-9* is occasionally
with
having
on the sense:
f ini"] f Ai'" K yamatta yallam,
'
I don't
VhPft)
s.v.
;
'
lit.
nobody came,
who came
dropped (besides 37c, d,f), esp. in
in the cases
-H'T-flr^iA*:
men-
the compounds
hAA^*'A«A*')iD«» alsard (§8 p. 39) (it)
'.
VnA)
\\ti (s.v.
when he
lit.
refuses to
(App.
B
§
38)
sil
nau,
it is
work
KA'^hr^u^A"
zindy
al-
laqq dla cikk iyy^la, the rain would not stop
but was persistent
(s.v.
VflA)
similarly in Y\f\T'hMi aldmnih,
believe thee',
s.
a man's name,
lit.
'
I
do not
(s.v. h<w»V).
fi^UA-Tl! aiahlus,
s.
a woman's name,
are not worth thee',
(s.v.
hhA).
lit.
'they
83 Jaodxti
[cp.
^ti mdla
(§
Eth,
42c
on oath,
clare ?ia>-V'|J'>
!
— goihti
Tfia. fl»/hA Te. oo/lliA Tila. ^) the day they denied (their oath), proverb (cp. Faitlovitch, Nouv. Prov. 34). oDihfi^ mahallanfia
s.
mamaia, is
em*^*^^
s.
perjurer.
= aodi^
*^A? mallaima fio*^^
perjured.
(-Ian-), (a) adj.
(b)
'^A malla,
false
(-lafi-),
adj.
&
s.
=
eroghti^
object sworn by, on which an oath
s.
taken.
mammamaia,
object by or on which one
s.
takes an oath with or against another person object by which one
sworn
is
which the parties swear in a '^/hA,^ mahl>et
hymn,
8 p. 49),
(§
object by
in,
suit.
JdiM
s.v.
(in
Ad-
denda).
*^UA mdhal
(mah(a)l, mal), centre,
JaoVC
[cp.
Eth. Tfia.
otftDi
hhA
s.v.
to teach, Te.
M. Tna.
^ ^ ^
^
«n»0<J St
to
know,
^ ^
^
Tua. 1"«^U<J to learn, j^^ to be skilled, j-{f^ to acquire skill,
'f-'m. (i)
tamara
"T'nD "ll^CnSD clever] (§
22a, a
(a) v.p. to {b)
v.i.
&
t.
Part
;
I.
App.),
be taught. to study, learn.
^UV'>.•^lA'^'^^9".•^UV7:'^?"^A:: yihannan (§13a)
altamdram
(^
37a),
yihannan tamroal, he hasn't
learnt this, he has learnt that, (part.) i''^A (i)
mala (mala),
s.
Eth. '^^^S: tower]
prediction, expressed presenti-
ment, expectation, opinion or suspicion.
mala mdtta, o o
aot^if/D^i
aot{:tt\tii
gara, or
tntfi-.'t''^'}^:
mala
tdla, to
mala o
tanajy~ o
make a
pre-
diction, express a presentiment, expectation, etc.
<w>A? maldfina (malan-), (a)
that
adj.
makes
predictions, expresses
presentiments, etc. ih)
maker of
s.
predictions,
presentiments,
expresser of
etc.
aoiC%*i^ malafiiiinnat (malaii-, -nat),
s.
being a maker
of predictions, stater of presentiments, etc.
m>A
(ii)
malla,
'PA m^^olla,
(§
{a)
& 42a
to
v.i.
v.i.
I.
be or become
to be or
become
See (c)
v.t.
to
The forms with with
ao-,
TA-f,
App.), full (too full, fuller
586).
§
(h)
Part
;
9"-
fill, fill
*P-, oo--
(too,
more)
plentiful.
§ 63r/, e.
up.
are
commoner
in Shoa, those
elsewhere, except that the forms
*r*A;t A,
tfi>-A*
mjA-y-,
§
7a)
magnificent.
a)Tflt"'P^^-i'C4''^»
dl^'^'i
*the
lit.
in the jar'.
bagardccin
t4rf5al, the
m'^'dltoal, it is plen-
our country.
XU A
•'
en m^dlla, he gratified
my
wish. 'i-aDf\
tamalla
be
v.p. to
haofi
& l-TA tam^olla
(b)
v.t.
v.i.
22a, a
;
App. A),
filled.
amalla & h'TA am^olla (a)
(§
(§
22a,
/3
;
App. A),
more
§
586) thickly, sow
(too) close (closer
§
586).
to sow (too,
to grow,
grow up, become
adult.
hflaD/\
asmalla & htl^/i asm^^olla to cause or allow to
v.t.
<w»A (iii)
malla
(S. -A miilla),
or be
fill
pron. adj.
App. A),
filled (§ 68).
all,
the whole
— often (like l^A-) with the personal
every,
of,
22a, y;
(§
suffixes (§12&): erofi^Oh
•*
malldccau,
S. tfo-A^iD-
••
mullaccaii, all of
them. malla o-anzav wwssada, &
-i/2.T*AA«
and v.i.
Am.
straight.
to ooze, Spr. § 99b)]
tasillfccau (S.)
yi-
59a) honey oozes out of the
skin.
T^^
(ii)
m^ ollala
come
(type
B § 35
;
App. A), v.i. to be or be-
oblong, oval, spheroid, conical, [cp.
i'*y,^^ tamwSllala (a) (b)
=
r^^
(?
T*A
22b, e;
(cp.
Praetorius,
App. A),
(§ 636?, e).
Am.
Spr. § 99b)]
v.i.
(ii).
be or get askew, one side, (§ 63^/, e).
aslant, too
to
much on
JU to be inclined] = I'HaA inf 'PAA-'PAA.-^A m^^dlall (-lall) dla, v.i. '^A^ m^^lal (§ 6 p. 18) mdlat & m^olalli (§ 7d [cp. <J,l:c
;
pp. 29, 30) mdlat,
(s.v.
J(\^,
§
44a
;
§
QSd,
e).
'^V'f::*r*AA:'fl^A« cfnatu m^^dlalli vildal, the
load
is
too
much on one
side.
*r*AA m^'olala, adj. (a) oblong, oval, spheroid, conical. {b)
askew, aslant, too side.
much on one
— 93 #ii>AA«i mallaldca, aofiaoii
breast of fowl (as a dish
s.
malammala
(§
36
App. A),
;
aoiiao
#fDAA
;
§
52a,
y).
v.t.
pick out.
{a) to select,
some
{h)
to take
(c)
to prune, trim,
a portion
of,
a tithe) of
(e.g.
^^^^ ^o grow beautiful] ?p{^!h'fli3'>.A^ft.•JK,<w>A{^'AAK sum kaftun lards j-^p
r^-
of the yimalammilal, the chief takes a portion ^ o o o o •/
'
animals '['aotiaoti
for the Ras.
(§ 52rt, 8)
tamaldmmala
22a, a
(§
;
App. A),
be
v.p. to
selected, pruned, etc.
hhaotiaoti
asmalammala (§22a, y; App.
v.t.
to
or be
se-
App. A), v.t. here and there, not from
all.
cause or allow to select, prune, lected, pruned, etc. oDfioDii
malammala
(§
(b)
to take a few
than (c)
haofiaoti
etc.
(§ 68).
22b, 8
(a) to select, etc.
A),
of,
;
a small portion
of, (less
aotiaoti).
to prune, etc. a
ammalammala
(§
little,
22&, C
;
here and there.
App. A),
v.t.
to help
to select, prune, etc.
^A<w»A milmala
9"A9"A milmil
(-mala),
s.
(a) selection,
taking of a portion.
(c)
pruning, trimming.
(a) adj. selected, (b)
s.
picking out.
(b)
cattle, etc.
picked out.
taken as tax by a
ruler.
pruned, trimmed.
(c) adj.
(d)
s.
lover, favourite, man
maintained or married by a rich or powerful
aoao^ao^ mamalmaia,
s.
woman. pruning-knife.
hao^1t\r amalmdP'o (amal-, h?"A-
amil-),
cotton rolled ready for spinning,
v/^A^A
[cp.
Tua. T'A'PA Te. s>f'^*AtfI»-A•;^A« lij'^oc cfqaun yam^' olammtilutal
clay into
{%
326), children
make
the
little figures.
*79"nCU:hT*Atfi>-{^A::
gimbdrih am'' dlmul6al,
your forehead has a bruise on
it.
K'PA'PA amm''ol§;mm''ola (§226,^; App. A), v.t. to help to form into buns or rude figures. oo-Atfo-A miilmiil, (a) adj. bun-shaped, bulging up-
wards. (h)
T*A^A m^'olm walla, bruised.
s.
bun, small bun-shaped
adj. rising in
a
bump
loaf.
or bruise,
96
B
ootid mallasa (mal-; type
ootiA
35
§
Part
;
v.t.
to return, send or bring
(b)
v.i.
&
(c)
v.t.
to repeat, do again.
{d)
s.
a man's answered Am.
name,
'He
lit.
God)
(so.
'.
Te.
;
to be returned
id.
Spr. 8 101
f,
JS> to turn
cp.
him
he sent mallasau, o o o
4:7a). aoiidti^i'- mallasallat (§ ^'J o o o o
Praetorius,
(t.)]
back.
(it) ^
;
'
he answered him.
bfddirun mS,llasau (-rtA^K
'fle:4-'>••<w»Arta^:••
(a)
he returned the loan
(b)
he paid
(D^^iootiili^
back again.
to answer, reply.
t.
[cp. Tfia. id.
lat),
i
App.),
I.
(a)
#w»Artfl>«K
— gofif
off the score,
-sal-
(to him).
paid him out.
he returned a
wojrrata mallasa, o o o
favour, (imp.)
oD^h
i
them,
mallis,
616)
§
nominal
s.
back
(§
s.
29) of sense
wash
d.^ ^*7 ^ AC*7 :
darg
:
(§
64&)
•
>-t?
•
lit.
yihannan
(§
(§
12^):
'my Mallis'.
13a) mallisah
ao^{t : ^+fli
e nau, what
is
a man's or woman's
with (laoMl cp. fl+C
(itrotitis^is'iah'A
river
(sc.
the better
!
!••
said to one in trouble.
,
ka- (V- ha-,
h-...! 9"A7[
-t--
ta-)... millds, prp.
=
h-...:
aotitl (i) mamallasa (-mallasa), s. means of or instrument for returning, for sending or bring-
aoaoiifi
ing back. f h-fl^ 0o- yakaft ma-, stone thrown to send back '•
a straying animal. f*7C:<w>- yagir
(
= f--h^*7C
§
7a) ma-, gift given
in order to get rid of the recipient,
of sending back the foot
lit.
'means
'.
fAhi'? malaktdnna, ^wAhf"? maliktanna, messenO G O O O ger,
l^Ahl*
(i)
J^Ah^
(ii)
Ah
s.v.
millkt
(§ 8),
milikkit,
message,
mark,
(a)
s.
Ah
s.v.
sign, token,
means
of identification. {b, ['
Grundwurzel
Nomen
on
letter)
addrcss.
ist athiop. AYlh bezeichnen,
*»^ oder *in»A>i>»^
Spr. § 101 d
J
Id. ib. § 6 b
;
s.v.
'
davon ein
Praetorius,
Am.
Ah]
l^AVl^.-nHi^^7n^:: milfkkit yazdf adarragab-
he made a mark on the tree. f 1^^ jP* AVl* ^9" n«li: yagadai milikkitu dam bat,
•
:
::
!
batdtu, the sign of the slayer finger(s ?" Aln;^J^
§
52a, y), proverb
milikkitdm
(§ 8),
adj. full
(e.g.
ao Ahhl'"
person covered
-kat),
s.
manner of
etc.
malkakdm
etc.
of smallpox).
^<w>Ahh^ amalakdkat (amalak-, watching,
Prov. n. 139).
of marks,
J^A1n;^i'"!rta^s milikkitdm sau,
with marks
blood on his
(is)
(cp. Guidi,
(§ 8), pi.
excellent,
s.v.
Ah
'XHS'—aoti^ 'T.A^P"^
liif,
104
mflyOn
(i)
(§ 8),
m§;ilada
num.
card.
22&,S
(§
;
million.
App. A),
[Eur.]
v.t.
(a) to entreat, implore.
I-'^AA
(i)
(b)
to propitiate, conciliate.
(c)
to bribe.
tamallada
(§
22b,
e
;
App. A),
be entreated, propitiated, bribed. to be or become merciful, gracious,
(a) v.p. to (b)
v.i.
63^,
(§
e).
^'^AftA^K tamalladallat
(§47a),
he
is
merciful
to him.
h^fi^ ammallada
(§
226, ^
;
App. A),
v.t.
to intercede
with.
gy^taun lauwndim-
^;^a^^.•Afl)'>J?:AArp.AK tagwiiru maldltoal, the hair
has come out here and there, he
gun aofifil
to lose his
(it)
has be-
(its) hair.
maldta, adj. (esp. of
human
beings) devoid of
hair, bald.
y"AT
milt, adj. (of
inanimate objects) bare, devoid
of hair, skin, bark,
etc.
{r"AT:<wi<j,^: milt market,
devoid of vegetation.
bare srround, around
gotiai
— gotiai
^"ATshA
108
mlllitt ala,
(a)
v.i.
(b) (s.v.
= 't'ao^m = httotiox
§44a;
VflA,
§
(c),
(§
QSd,e).
6 p. 18).
J^ATs'IIOlA:: mfllit vflSal, (a)
bare; he
it is
is
bald.
he
(b)
has
(it)
es-
caped.
aoy^li^ mamlaca '^^"A'*^
mamldca
(-laca),
depilatory.
s.
(-laca),
means of or place
s.
for
slipping out or escaping.
*19°^^^•.hmO'^ti mamlaca attahmi couldn't get out of
^Am
mwSllata
(§
22b, S
be or become to be or become
(a) to
slippery.
(b)
careless, negligent.
^wi^tl:
:
i>A' s ^A/p,
the ground
AK
[cp-
mar^etu
haD^(n, J'F^iEL] hiillu
mwdltoal,
slippery.
is all
amw§;ilata (App.
B
§
22b, t
render slippery, careless,
^A'H mwaldta,
I
v.i.
(§ 63o?, e).
h^iim
61e),
it.
App. A),
;
(§
;
App. A),
v.t.
to
etc.
adj. (a) slippery. (b)
careless, negligent.
aoliaim malattata (malattata;
§
36
;
App. A),
v.t.
to cut
parallel (or nearly so) to the plane of the surface, (s.v.
*fe^m), to slice, shave.
^y'^^l'-emlimaiahi'' qwayya sdrun malattatau,
a bush-fire swept away the grass.
-taotimm tamaldttata (-malattata; S22a, a; App. A),
be sliced, etc. to run away fast, dart
(a) v.p. to (b)
v.i.
off,
bolt.
yAflj.— y*Aaj.
109 [cp
VTAfla.
hTiiea, am^dllaca (a)
v.t.
(b)
v.i.
(§
22a,
fi
App. A),
;
to cause to slip, afford no foot-hold
to,
elude the grip
of.
become
to be or
v.t.
(6), (c),
inf
amwSUaca (App. = h^AttL (a). mule, adj.
*^tfi>-AT'
B
§
226, r
;
App. A),
{h)
empty-handed.
(c)
hairless, bald.
mule hada, &
tfo- A6Efe7
K
rfi.ft
usually has (a).
v.i.
&
t.
(a) bare.
tfo-A'^srh.^K !
QM, e).
that with inf *^T*A'^ sense
h^Xi^GO,
tfo-A*!?' (i)
(§
to dismiss empty-handed.
The conjugation with senses
no
slippery, afford
foot-hold, elude the grip, (c)
^Am]
hoDtim,
miilcun
(§
5Qd) hada, he went
away empty-handed. tfo-A^P'
tfa-A*^
••
(ii)
miillic (-cc
hh
miillicc dla,
§ 6),
adj.
= *P^'^
and
flo-A^P'StfO'AT's^A miillic miillicc dla, O O O •
become rather p. 18; §63c?,
•
slippery,
v.i.
•
to
(s.v. VflA, §
be or
44a; §6
6).
*r*A«i m'^ol(l)aca, adj. slippery, affording
no
foot-
hold, eluding the grip.
'PA«^:A.n: m^olldca l^eya, a wily thief, a thief that cannot be caught.
N/'PAOkAOk
[frequentative, enlarged from n/T*A6Q,, cp.
}\(n>-tiea,tiGRB
imi^'p
s.v.
amulacalliica (App. A),
come very
Jtiaoaxaom] v.i.
slippery, to afford
to be or beno foot-hold
anywhere, to elude the grip continually.
;
110
y*Aflj.— ^a'a
T*A^A'*^ m" olJiclacca, adj. very slippery, affording no foot-hold anywhere, continually eluding the grip. *nii^y malafya, pleasant,
htid,
s.v.
App. A), v.t. to strip off the cortex or outer bark of. i'*P^^^ tam^oldffafa (§22a,a; App. A), v. p. to be
'Tiid.iL
m^^oldffafa (§36;
stripped of
its
ao'^i-dM muliffdfi, S.V.
l*^
(i)
cortex.
cortex, outer bark,
s.
(
= •7A4-A
AT, *C¥^)
mamma,
look-out, shelter erected
s.
on poles
or in a tree, for guarding crops or cattle.
mSmma, not S., v.i. = '^'^ h'l'n amamma, not S., v.t. = h*^*^ hd'^'^ asmamma, not S., v.t. = ^ft'X'X
'H'n
(ii)
*^T' mamm'^^o,
little
s.
boy.
*1'%^ mSmmit (-mit), s. little 1'%'b mammit^ e (-mit-), '•
*
*y,*^
my
(§126)
mwammwa
(§
girl. s.
a woman's name,
lit.
little girl'.
22&, 8
App. A),
;
v.i.
or into a liquid,
(«) to dissolve (itself) in
to melt. (b, of a
go dowu, subsidc, be ab-
tumour) to
sorbed, disappear. [reiterative of *'^fl> = Eth. 9"Ufl» to
Praetorius,
^'a'X
amwSmmwa
Am.
(App.
Spr.
B
§
§
167 b
;
226, r;
cp.
become
liquid,
^^ to be watery]
App. A),
v.t.
to
dissolve (an object) in or into a liquid, to
melt
;
to cause to
go down,
etc.
*T^—aoi^
Ill
hW^^X asmwSmmwa
(App.
B
226,
§
to cause or allow to dissolve,
Z
;
App. A),
go down,
^0707^ mammamaia, object by which one
is
v.t.
etc.
sworn
in,
S.V. v/<w»rhA
rwjJT'C
mammir,
aoao'f
mamwia
oD^f mamaia, ao^ marra
(§
professor, {f/D9°^
= 009^ VC,
Part
;
JaoUd
mamya), complement,
object sworn by,
42a
s.v.
s.v.
s.v. aofi (ii).
Jaoihii
App.),
I.
(a)
v.t.
to guide, conduct, lead
(b)
v.t.
to take (a soldier quartered
;
to steer.
on one)
to his quarters, to house, put up. (c)
a man's name,
s.
guided [cp.
(part.)
guided,
Mao^
Eth. Te. aoC/b Tna.
(§
'He
(so.
God)
'.
aod mari (mari),
-toD^ tamarra
lit.
Bed. melah
id. (a)]
guide.
s.
22a, a
««»Crh.
Part
;
I.
App.),
v. p.
to
be
etc.
App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to guide, etc. or be guided, etc. (§ 68). +"7^ tamarra (§ 22&, e App. A), (a) v.p. to be allotted as quarters, (of quarters) to be assigned to a soldier (quartered on inhabitants). {b, esp.pl.) v.recip. to guide, etc. one anasmarra
(§
22a,
y
;
;
other. M'fld'-'t^C:!:^:''
latiisdri
tamdrtSl, quarters
have been assigned to the soldier (troops §52a,8).
aD^^—*^C
112
'^<wI^^ tamararra (mar-; ^22b,0; recip.
App. A),
v. p.
&
= "t^^
9"^^ mfrrit,
quartering, being housed by inhabi-
s.
tants.
aD9°dS mdmrya, s. rudder. aoaod^ mammdrya (-mar-),
means of or place
s.
for
quartering (troops).
marr
aoC'-hti §
6
aoC^
v.i. to jump, leap, (s.v. VflA, § 44a; aoC ^^) odCH marsa, means of forgetting, '^dli marasa,
i»*kC^^
s.
plough,
s.v.
s.v. dfl
hdii
mdrasdt (maras-; §8),
cloth, (placed
(§ 54c),
s.
namda
under riding-saddle).
(IjlaJ), [cp.
horseTna.
id.]
o^t^
119
B
aoC^ mdrraqa (type
35
§
;
App. A),
— a^C'^
v.t.
(a)
to compliment, address with approbation.
(6)
to leave in possession [cp. Tiia. id. to bless
cp.
;
of,
not to deprive
Nbldeke, Neue Beit.
Eth. ^^) becoming radical see Praetorius, Spr. §101a]
TJHft-^siwj^+A^K ganzavun mdrraqallat (§47a),
he f'<w>-ni-A^
•'
of.
tasfgau
"•
tamdraqu dutuUin
(lit.
'
am
I
fasting
')
from the meat, but please (-A^) get me out some of the broth (fi'om the pot), proverb (cp. Guidi, Prov.
Tln^ mirdq
i.
97
di chi fa
'
:
mentre ne cerca
cosa,
(§
8 p. 46),
[cp.
Eth.
Gram. Ath.
•'
p-')'^
mostra di non volere alcuna '\
meglio
spittle, saliva.
s.
id. ('fiir
Aram, 9°li-^ : 'flfr
il
§
*meruaq, von
116y)
XiJ
*C'4' = fl>Cft"T
Am. Spr.
;
inf of ^fl to be useful.
§ 8),
§ 8), s.
light,
§
mdrbut (maryut),
s.
gun with «
marrata (type become free from (
(i)
A
§
s.v.
98e,
fl^ 1 c]
large bore.
J e ,
App. A), v.i. to be or etc., winnowed, (§ 63^ e),
34
chaff)
I. §
y^j-« bound, strengthened]
[1
aodi'
= ao'd^^,
65a, Brockelmann, Vergl. Gram.
;
= m^)
'taod't tamarrata
(§
22a, a
;
App. A),
v. p.
to be win-
nowed.
App. A), v.t. to winnow. htltwd't (i) asmarrata (§ 22a, y App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to winnow or be winnowed (§68). YxoDdA*
amdrrata
(§
22a,
ft
;
;
aod.i'—^^'t h'n/i'l-
122
ammSrrata
22b, C; App. A),
(§
v.t.
to help to
winnow.
9^C^ aodi-
mirt, adj.
winnowed, free from
marrata (type
(ii)
become htlaodi-
B
rusty, to rust,
asmarrata
(ii)
(§
or allow to be or
aod^^ market
(§ 8), s.
[cp.
§
35
v.i.
e).
be or
to [cp.
Tna.
id.]
y App. A), v.t. to cause ;
become
rusty.
(a) earth, soil. (b)
land, territory.
(c)
ground,
Eth. Te. Tna.
^aDd*^''hti^'-
App. A),
;
6Sd,
(§
22a,
chaflE!
id.,
floor. 1
^jj
level
and
soft
ground]
yamar^et dlaqa, representative of
joint land-owners
(
= Sud.
Ar. j^).
oD^^'.mQ^i marJ^et tabbaqi, a title, approx, = mayor, lit. guardian of the territory '
'.
erDd>^9^
mar^etdm (a) full
(§
8 pp. 48, 49), adj.
of earth, covered with earth, earthy.
owning much land. aD&^9°^^ maryetamfnnat (-nat),
'
(b)
(a)
being
(b)
possession of
full
s.
of or covered with earth,
earthiness.
9°^^ mfrat
(§ 8), s.
much
land.
f (a) daughter-in-law. (b) sister-in-law. (c)
Ac. (woman's) mother-in-law. [cp.
J^di'
[Praetorius,
Am.
Eth. Te. Tfia. aoch^ bride]
visions),
a, 198d cp. Eth. t'^il' '^Cf^ diviners or T'Chfk'
Spr. §§101
to predict (denom. from
Chf ^^\J Hi^l ^A'i
;
to see]
^lA'—aod,'!
123 -t^^l" tamwarrata
(§ 22ft, e
;
App.
be pro-
A), v.p. to
phesied, foretold, predicted.
VIC niP^h s JK.^^;^ A I ^(^'ii^^9ii'^ « ndgar yauof the matter tic^ohillaccauallac, yimmwdrratal o o o o o :
:
>J
is
•
foretold
by means of a
little (§ 54c)
bird
:
it
cries to them.
h^d'i' amwarrata (App.
B
§ 22ft,
r
;
App. A),
v.t.
to
prophesy, foretell, predict. 'll^'isV'ik''}--h^/ii'ahii
ratau, (part.)
ndffarun hullun amwdr-
he foretold the whole thing,
h^^-f: amwdrac
s.
(§ 8),
one that
foretells,
prophet.
^C^ mwart,
s.
(a)
prophecy, prediction.
(ft)
presentiment, esp.
of
evil,
mis-
fortune, etc. [Praetorius,
^C^sKA^K mwart
dllan, I
Am.
Spr. § 119 b]
have a presentiment
(of evil).
^Cf"? mwartanna (-tan-),
(a) adj. that prophesies, etc. (ft) s.
^Ci'^'i^ mwartannfnnat
foreteller, prophet.
(-tail-, -nat), s.
being a pro-
phet. aod'i
marrana (types
A& B
§§
34,
35
;
App. A),
v.t.
yoke to the plough. (ft) to tie up tightly, bind rigorously. 'Pd.i-'i i"P9^a«T marwiit (mar-),
s.
gun with large
bore,
= <w>cn-T
!
oD^n—aDCit:
126
aoCW marraza (type {a)
v.t.
B
§
35
;
App. A),
to hate intensely, detest. to pei'sist, refuse to
(J, of a stain) v.i.
come
out.
[cp. Tiia. id. to poison]
4»A?"
!
h^ti^T
rizal,
^''i
lau,
CH9"
•'
odCH hflAOH » w^ndimmun marz '
aval-
he poisoned his brother.
marzdm
(mar-
aoCn^ marzanfia
;
§ 8),
adj. poisonous.
(mar-, -zan-),
'nc^9^ [^^^9°] mSryam, s. Mary. ••
s.
bitter enemy.
[Maptdfi Tar.
onD ^i^] T ~ ;
bamdryam!, plore you
ri'^C^J^ss
for Mary's sake!, I im-
f^C^J'^.-mA^! yamdryam talat
(§8), villain,
'enemy of Mary'.
tmC^ mdrid,
title
and man's name,
s.v.
^ft
lit.
ODCf—aolr''^
127 4wCP- mard'^0,
/^C>5 m§;rda,
s.
mourning, news of a death,
[cp. Tfla. id.]
B
m^^ orrada (type
35
§
Part
;
I.
to punish, correct.
(b)
T*C^s m^orrid^e,
punished,
(§
asm'^orrada
punished,
file,
22«,
{§
cp. ^*7j^ (i)
App.
p. 49),
§
22a,
/3
;
App.
accompaniment s.
(eccl.)
chant
accompanied by drum and sistrum. AM.GR. (hi)
q.v.
9
aom—aod.a\ in»C*^fi: (ii)
130
maragd (marEth.
[cp.
8 p. 49),
§
;
emerald.
s.
WaoCIK l^j npna, np"l3 Aram. 1^")DT
id.,
(,^^1
(p^t^l,
aodll mardggaga (mar-; §36; App. A),
become unpleasant,
^^^Trf
(TfxdpaySoa; fxapayBoa
be or
to
v.i.
distasteful, offensive,
(§
id.]
6Sd,
e).
asmaraggaga (-mar-; §22«, y; App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to be or become unpleasant, etc.
htlaod,!!
tamaraggaga (-mar-; esp. pi. App. B § 226,e; App. A), v.recip. to be or become unpleasant, etc. to one another. 9^C*Q*l'-hti mirgigg ala, v.i. to be or become very 't'oD^ll
unpleasant, §
(s.v. VflA, §
etc.
44a;
9^C1*1''*1^^ mfrgiggi
63c?, e), inf.
6 p. 19;
§
(§ 7c?
pp.
29, 30) malat.
aoCpp margagga
(mar-), adj. unpleasant, distasteful,
offensive.
e,
s.
was eaten'.
22a,
App. A),
/3;
[cp.
mfsa
{a)
A), v.p. 'lunch
App.
valla,
moner than aofi commoner than iiD-A.
T^^D Aram.
to feast,
22a, a;
lunch.
J^i^sflAK
^.....o
S.V.),
*^ to anoint]
•^'^
to give lunch to.
v.t.
Eth. Tna. r*^^ Te. aoft^
he (has) had lunch, (com-
similarly ^"^.•i'flA, i^^ hflA, ••
;
'timfi
Moses.
(App.
[Eth.
id.
B
president (*^'lflC)
at
§
63), haofl).
^^ r\m,
MOT- water, (b)
id.]
?
from mc^ot,
OTT-xd.! to
a religious
be saved]
meeting
who apportions the shares
of food and drink. .fl, "^dfi id.,
§
34
;
Part
{a)
v.i.
to seem, appear.
{h)
v.i.
to
I.
App.),
assume an appearance, pretend,
dissemble. (c)
v.t.
to
seem See
[cp.
Eth. Tila.
like,
resemble.
§63r/,e. id. (a), (c),
JLL«
Ass. masdlu
\>t^
to compare]
hfli2'}:ji<w>ftAAss
(i)
id.
Eth. Te. onftA (c),
^'^f2
id. (a), (c),
Aram.
abbatun yimaslal, he
~>T\f2
re-
sembles mf}:eft
we aodti
(ii)
AV
'
f ?• *?^fl>- K yimaslannal yanfia ndccau,
believe they are ours.
massala (type
B
§
35
;
Part
J.
App.),
(a)
v.t.
to fashion, model.
{h)
v.t.
to portray, sketch.
(c)
v.t.
to describe.
{d)
v.i.
to speak figuratively, in allegories.
hfli^^s^iwiAAAK
abbatun
(ii)
yimdssilal,
he
is
describing (drawing a picture of) his father. 'hrtA
tamassala (§41&; App. A),
v.p.
to
be fashioned,
portrayed, etc. i'twirtAA^K tamdssalallat
{%
47a),
he has eruessed
it.
haodti amassala
(§
(a)
v.i.
(h)
v.t.
22a,
/3
;
App. A),
to be plausible. to resemble.
jRU:^i'>:^/w>ftAA::
yihe yannan yamdslal, this
one resembles that other one
(§
13a).
— onrtA
136
gpiHi
hiltwiiti
asmdssala
22a, y; Part
(§
I.
App.),v.t. to
cause
or allow to seem, appear, resemble, think, fashion, etc. or (§
68)
be thought, fashioned,
etc.
to pretend.
;
fl^?f^:V^C!^^?"T'f^:^la^V^!>fft<w»ftAA:: wilsat n|-
gar dmtit^^ o linat yasmassilal, he brings something false forward and
makes
look like
it
the truth.
he had a
asmassil^'o wallada,
htlaDtl/\pi(Dl\^ii
child which resembled him.
^M
••
'•
^ft/n»ftA
tamSssala (App. (a,
e.g. of
(c, esp. pi.)
§
22&,
yasmdssi-
V.recip. to
ammassala
22b, C
(§
mix,
;
e
;
App. A),
to be stirrcd, mixed.
v.recip. to
(a) to stir,
.
B
a liquid) v.p.
{b, esp. pi.)
h^ftli
A K rdsun (§ 1 7) daha
he pretends to be poor.
lal,
l-'^rtA
fL^
resemble one another.
hold similar views, agree.
Part
I.
App.),
v.t.
a liquid).
(e.g.
(b)
to cause to resemble one another.
(c)
to cause to agree.
App. A), v.i. (a) rather to assume an appearance, to pretend, etc. somewhat. (b) to speak more or less figuratively, etc. +<w)^rtA tamasSssala (§ 22b, 6 App. A), v.i. = 't'*lii^
aofiflli
masassala
(§
22^,
rj
;
;
hllaofiiili
asmasassala (App.
B
§
22b,
to represent favourably (what hao/ifili
ammasassala
9"0A. missal J^e,
s.
{a)
=
(§
22b, k
;
is
A),
App. A),
v.t.
=
^i*^rtA
parable.
example, specimen.
(d) similar
v.t.
bad), palliate.
9^tlfii
(b) allegory, (c)
;
K App.
specimen, duplicate.
;
<w»rtA— yftA
137 9^tl^ mjssil,
s.
(a) likeness,
resemblance.
(b) likeness,
picture, representation.
(c)
description.
{(J)
model
9°tl^'-hti mfssill ala, (a)
mould, matrix.
;
rather to seem or appear.
v.i.
seem rather like, somewhat to resemble.
(b) v.t. to
S.V. n/AA, §
*^A^
44a
§
;
6 p. 18
e
inf.
;
9"AA:
mfssil mdlat. O O O
5r»AA:J^ftA!^A missil mfssill (a)
§ 636?,
;
seem
to
v.i.
another
ala, o'
be first one thing, then keep changing in appearto
;
to
ance. {b)
v.t.
to be sometimes like, occasionally to
resemble. S.v. VflA, § 44«%;
*^A^
6 p. 18
;
inf.
J^AAsJ^ft^:
mfssil missil mdlat. O O O O O
*^'^A^ mammassaia, 9°ll{ifi\.
§
s.
instrument for
misfssil, adj. (a)
stirring, ladle.
confused, mixed.
{b) similar, like. h9^flfi\.
dmsal
(§ 8),
hl^rt^ amsayya,
&
h9^fi^ amsayya,
s.
oortAA masaldl
9"^A.
ladder,
(S 8),
l^AAi misldnye
=
(-Ian-)
sentative
'
VAAA
s.v.
district chief, prop, 'repre-
s.
(of governor). ['
= (Eth.)
Am.
9"iil\>
Spr.
§
(Am.)
2236
;
cp. Tfia. 9"fiA.i id.,
"hi. '
wie ich' Praetorius,
alter ego
',
Eth. r'^\^
Guidi,
Jlo
s.v.
as, like]
y°ftA— y°ftc
138
9"ftAiV^ mislan^ ennat
r^tl'lC
mfsmdr
*r*rt*r»rt
(i)
(§
(-Ian-, -nat),
8 p. 46),
become
soft,
(§
36
JCtao^,
s.v.
App. A),
;
or rank of
oflSce
nail (clavus),
s.
m^ osamm^^ osa
s.
v.i.
(ii).
be or
to
pliant, to yield to pressure,
give,
(§63r7,6).
h'PAl^fl
am^osdmm^osa
(§
22«,/3;
App. A),
to
v.t.
render soft or pliant, soften. *P{l'%fi
m^'^osmwassa, adj. yielding to pressure, soft, pliant.
*r*rtTrt (ii)
m^'osamm^osa
(§
36
App. A),
;
v.t.
to devour
greedily, swallow avidly, bolt. i'T*rt'r*rt
tam'^osamm^osa
(§
22a, a;
be devoured greedily,
liiC masar^o
(-sar-), s.
9^fiC .mfssdr
8 p. 46),
(§
rtiC
(i)
mfssir,
s.
Eth.
niK^/ilD
fl»i*'
<w»?f f]
App. A),
(App.
B
§
63)
'
a fence was
'.
be fenced,
etc.
be taken to rest. (d) v.i. (of cattle) to go to rest, to rest. hi^aD{^'l asmassaga (§ 22a, y; App. A), v.t. to cause or allow to fence, take to rest, etc. or be fenced, taken to rest, etc. (§68). (c)
trofi*!
v.p. (of cattle) to
masdg (§ 8), s. stake(s § 52a, 8) for making a fence.
1^^*7 mfssdg
(§ 8), s.
ir*m mfssig,
(a) adj. closely constructed,
AM. GR.
(ill)
resting-place for cattle.
(b)
s.
fence, stockade.
(c)
s.
enclosure.
compact.
10
146
gprt7— <w»rt7 ^^:jpft«7:V(D-:s
duFU missfg
nau, the
8)
(§
wood
(forest) is dense.
aooDiiXf
mamassagya
(i)
(-sag-),
(a) adj. suitable for
fence.
wood for fencing. mammasagya (-sdg-),
{h)
aoaoiiX^
making a
(ii)
s.
(a) adj. suitable for cattle to rest in. (6)
Jaodlh
s.
\_ao- or.
resting-place for cattle.
nominal (^
with -IV
30, .50), -rt- or. causative (§ 22a, y),
IVV
cp.
to be splendid, Praetorius,
Spr. §101d; cp. Eth.
>,'H7>
Am.
to reward, Tfia. >,oi>m>
to praise, thank]
'^#H»rt^V
tamasdggana
(§
22a, a
Part
;
I.
App.), v.p.
be praised. to be thanked.
{a) to (6)
yimmasgan, God
?i*7H,?i'flrh.C ! ^aohll ss igziavh^^er
be praised!, thank God! haoiiTi amasaggana (§ 22a, /3 Part ;
I.
App.),
v.t.
{a) to praise. (6)
to thank.
MH,?i'flrh.Cs^f|'7^UK igziayh^^er yamdsginih!,
may God reward htiaodlh asmasaggana
you!
(§
or allow to praise, •1rao{{p*Vi
tamasagaggana
(a) v.p. to (6, esp.
pi.
(i)
(§
;
;
226, 6
be praised,
App.
another haoiipTi
y App. A), v.t. to cause etc. or be praised, etc. (§ 68).
22a,
etc.
App. A),
;
a
little.
B § 226, c) v.rccip. to praisc, etc. one to be reconciled to one another.
amasagaggana
praise, etc. a
little.
(§
226,
t;
App. A),
v.t.
to
—
147 h.ao(ip*Vi
(ii)
ammasagaggana
to cause to praise,
trDJim
?f'?A::
midir (liidir)
it is
(§
last night,
musu
night,
supper]
mastM, evening has
evening, (cp.
massannal
Spr. §§ 55b, 200a)
tl~-« evening, yj.^\
iff^
151
gimbaru m^dsmusSal, (the gone
*7jpn-7
:
/i'^*7itfI>•?S;^A K
:
ao'Tiao^'H
§
52a, 8) before
up the
(they) ripened.
miismus, adj.
prematurely dried up, shrunken.
(a)
rcduccd, absorbed.
{b, of a swelling)
s
?i
vcry thin, emaciated.
animate objects)
(c, of tfi>-Tf