Hegel: A Biography

HEGEL

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most 77; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. z, pp . 568-s69. 38. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 2, p . 742; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 2, p. 628. 39· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 2, p. 696; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. z, p . 588. 40. Ibid. 41.

Ibid.

42· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 2, p . 760; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 2, p. 642. 43 · Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p. 369; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, p . 286. 44· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3 , p . 3 3 I ; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophic der Religion, vol. 3, p . 254. 45· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, pp. 258-259; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, pp. 1 85-1 86. 46. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p . 3 1 7; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3 , p. 24I . 47· Hegel, Lectures o n the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p . 320; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3 , pp. 243-244. 48. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p. 322; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, p. 245 . 49· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p. 326; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, p. 250. so. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3 , p. 325; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, p. 249. 5 1 . Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p. 328; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol . 3 , p . 25 1 . 52. Hegel, Lectures o n the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3 , p . 369; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Religion, vol. 3, p . 285. 53· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, pp. 303-304; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophic der Religion, vol. 3, p. 228. 54· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p. 370; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophic der Religion, vol. 3, p . 286. 55· Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, vol. 3, p . 337; Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophic der Religion, vol. 3, p . 260. 56. Hegel, Hegel's Philosophy of Nature, §279; Werke, 9, p . I27. 57· Hegel, Hegel's Philosophy of Nature, §279 (Zusatz); Werke, 9, p . I29. 58. G. W. F. Hegel, Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art (trans. T. M. Knox) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975), vol. I, p. 3 I ; Werke, 1 3 , p. 52. 59· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p . 7; Werke, I3, p . 2 1 . 6o. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p . 3 8; Werke, 1 3 , p . 6o. 6 1 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p . n o; Werke, I 3 , p. I SO . 62. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p . 70; Werke, I 3 , p . 1 00.

Notes to Pages 595-6 1 0

739

63 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 54; Werke, I 3 , p. So. �4· A good and (controverersial) discussion of Hegel's aesthetics and the particular arts can be found in Stephen Bungay, Beauty and Truth: A Study of Hegel's Aesthetics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1 9S7 ) 65. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. 1 , p. 76; Werke, I3, p. I o6 ("ein blofles Suchen der Verbildlichung als ein Vermogen wahrhafter Darstellung"). 66. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 303; Werke, 13, p . 394· ("Transcendent" renders "Hinaussein. ) 67. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. 43 I ; Werke, I 4, p. r S . 6 S . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 432; Werke, 14, p. I 9 . 6 9 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. 1 , pp. 4 5 3 , 433; Werke, 1 4 , p p . 2 1 , 46. 70. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. 5 1 7; Werke, 14, p. 12S. 7 1 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. 53 1 ; Werke, I 4, p. I44. ("Deep feeling" renders "lnnigkeit. " ) 72. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. r , pp. S I 9, 525; Werke, I4, pp. 1 29, I3S. 73· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 527; Werke, I 4, p. 140. 74· Ibid. 75· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. 540; Werke, 1 4, p. I $6 . 76. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 553; Werke, I 4, p. I 7 I . 77· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p . 570; Werke, 14, p. 192. 7S. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, pp. sS3-sS4; Werke, 14, pp. 207-20S. 79· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 594; Werke, 14, p. 22 1 . So. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. r , p . 595; Werke, I 4, p . 222. S r . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 596; Werke, 14, pp. 223-224· S2. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. 59 8 ; Werke, I4, p. 226. 8 3 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. r, p. 6oo; Werke, I 4, p. 229. S4. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p . 6o7 ; Werke, I 4, p. 237-23S. 8 5 . Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I, p. n; Werke, I3, p. 25. The dating of the lecture as occurring in I 828 is taken from Dieter Henrich, "Art and Philosophy of Art Today: Reflections with Reference to Hegel," in R. E. Amacher and V. Lange (eds.), New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism (Princeton: Princeton Uni­ versity Press, I 979), pp. I 07-133; see p. I I 4, note 1 . 86. Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p . 48o; Werke, I 4> p . 79· 8 7 . Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #669, p . 430. "

Chapter Fifteen

1 . This debate is brilliantly fleshed out by Mack Walker in German Hometowns. 2. This characterization of hometowns is taken from Mack Walker, German Home­ towns, especially p. I O I . 3 · Clemens L . W . Metternich-Winnebourg, Memoirs (trans. Mrs. Alexander Na­ pier III) (London, r 88 I ), p. 467; cited by Mack Walker, p. 305n. 4· See Briefe, III, notes to #572, pp. 424-426.

740

Notes to Pages 6 1 1 -624

5· Briefe, III, #575; Letters, p. 666. 6. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #sBs, pp. 389-390; Sulpiz Boisseree made the "cuckoo" remark to Goethe, Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #552, p. 372. 7· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #6 I 4, pp. 404-406. 8. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #630, p. 4I2. 9· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #520, p. 349· xo. See Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #ss8, p. 376. (The room was described as "mauschen Stille," so quiet that one could hear a pin drop.) I I. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #558, p . 376. I2. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #558, p . 379· 13. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #558, p . 378. I4. See Briefe, III, notes to #579, p . 430. 1 5 . See Briefe, III, notes to #687, p. 472. 1 6. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #583, pp. 3 88-389. I7. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #558, pp. 379-380. I8. See Briefe, III, notes. to #5I3, pp. 388-389. I9. See Briefe, III, notes to #6 I 2, pp. 447-448. 20. Briefe, III, #6os, p. 266. 2 1 . Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #594, p. 394· 22. See his mother-in-law's letter to Marie noting this: Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #603, p. 400. 23. Briefe, III, #599; Letters, p. 397· 24. Briefe, III, #599; Letters, p. 398. 25. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #597, p. 396. 26. See the characterization of Zeiter in Heinrich Eduard Jacob, Felix Mendelsso hn and His Times (trans. Richard and Oara Winston) (Westport, Conn.: Green­ wood Press, 1 973), pp. 4 I -47 · 27. See the account of the influences of Zeiter and Klein, along with the account of the meeting with Goethe and the production of the Saint Matthew Pas­ sion, in Heinrich Eduard Jacob, Felix Mendelssohn and His Times, pp. 32-4 I , 48-89. 28. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #593, pp. 393-394. 29. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #6o x , p. 399· 30. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #603, pp. 399-400. 3 1 . Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #6oS, pp. 402-403 . 3 2 . Briefe, III, #6o7; Letters, p. 398. 33· Ibid. 34· Hegel, Aesthetics, vol. I , p. 569; Werke, I4, pp. I9Q-1 9 I . 3 5 · Briefe, III, #630; Letters, p . 668. 36. Briefe, III, notes to #607, p. 445 · 3 7 · See Immanuel's letters t o his mother from 1 834-35 i n Willi Ferdinand Becker, "Hegels Hinterlassene Schriften im Briefwechsel seines Sohnes Immanuel,"

Zeitschriftfor philosophische Forschung, pp. 6oo-6o x .

Notes to Pages 625-63 7

741

3 8. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #622, p. 409. (These come from Rosenkranz's memoirs, not his biography of Hegel.) 39: Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #489, pp. 332-333. 40. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #687, pp. 44 1 -442 . 41 . Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #489, p. 333· 42· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #6 1 6, p. 406. 43 · Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #6 1 5, p. 406 (on the matter of the en­ dorsement for snuff tobacco). 44· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #624, p. 4 1 0. 45· Cited in Otto Poggeler, "Einleitung," in Christoph Jamme and Otto Poggeler (eds.), Homburg vor der Hiihe in der deutschen Geistesgeschichte, p. 1 5 . 46. See Christoph Jamme, "Die erste Holderlin-Ausgabe," i n Otto Poggeler (ed.), Hegel in Berlin, p p . 64-7 1 . 47· Hegel, Berliner Schriften: I8r8-I8JI, "Rede bei der dritten Sakularfeier der Ubergabe der Augsburgischen Konfession," pp. 3 1 , 33 (taken from Hoffmeis­ ter's German translation of the original Latin). 48. Ibid., p. 3 3 · 49· Ibid. (For "servitude," the word is "Knechtschaft." This echoes, o f course, Hegel's famous struggle between "Herr' ' and "Knecht" in the Phenomenology of Spirit.) so. Ibid. (For "completes," the word is "vollendet," or "perfects.") s x . Ibid. 52. Ibid., p. 39· 53· Ibid., pp. 4 1 , 43 · 54· Ibid., p. 45· 55· Ibid. s6. Ibid., p. 47· 57· Ibid. 58. Ibid., p. 49 · 59· Ibid., p. 5 1 . 6o. Ibid., p . 53 · 6 x . Briefe, III, #644. 62. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #637, p. 4 1 5 . 63. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #638, p. 6. 64. Briefe, III, #659, #664; Letters, pp. 543, 422. 65 . Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #638, p. 4 1 5 . 66. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #652, p. 420. 67. Hegel, Berliner Schrifien: I8I8-r8JI, "Hegels Rede bei der Abgabe des Rektorats," p. 765. 68. Ibid., p. 767. 69 . Ibid., p. no. 70. Ibid., p. 774· 7 1 . Ibid., pp. 777-778. 72. Briefe, III, #655 .

742 73 - Brieft, III, #664; Letters, p. 422 .

74· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #659, p. 426 . am following the dating of the various manuscripts on the lectures on the philosophy of history as laid out by Hans-Christian Lucas ," "Die 'Tiefere Arbeit': Hegel zwischen Revolution und Reform," in Christoph Jamme and Elisabeth Weisser-Lohmann (eds.), Politik und Geschichte: Zu den lntentionen von G. W.F. Hegels Reformbill-Schrift, pp. 207-234. 76. Hegel, Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, I2, pp. 534-535; Philosophy of History (New York: Dover Publications, I956), p. 452. ("Arbitrary" translates " Willkiir. ") 77· Hegel, Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, I2, p. 534; Philosophy of History (New York: Dover Publications, 1 956), p. 45 r . 7S. Hegel, Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, 1 2 , p. 529; Philosophy ofHistory (New York: Dover Publications, I 956), p. 447· 79· Hegel, Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, I2, p. 53 I; Philosophy ofHistory (New York: Dover Publications, I 956), p. 449 · So. Hegel, Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, 1 2, p. 535; Philosophy of History (New York: Dover Publications, I 956), p. 452. S r . See Michael Brock, The Great Reform Act (London: Hutchinson University Library, 1 973), p. 2S. S2. See James Sheehan, German History: 177o-I866, pp. 496-500. S3. See Anthony Read and David Fisher, Berlin: The Biography of a City (London: Pimlico Press, I 994), pp. So-82 . 84. See Michael Brock, The Great Reform Act, p. 17. 85. See Michael John Petry, "The 'Prussian State Gazette' and the 'Morning Chronicle' on Reform and Revolution," in Christoph Jamme and Elisabeth Weisser-Lohmann (eds.), Politik und Geschichte, pp. 6 1 --94· 86. See Elisabeth Weisser-Lohmann, "Englische Reformbill und preuJ3ische Stiid­ teordnung: Repriisentative Staatsverfassung und vertikale Gewaltenteilung: V . Raumer, SteckfuB, Gans und Hegel," in Christoph Jamme and Elisabeth Weis­ ser-Lohmann (eds.), Politik und Geschichte, p. 287. 87. Hegel, " Ub er die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I, p. S5; "The English Re­ form Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 297. SS. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. S7; "The English Re­ form Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 29S. Sg. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 8S; "The English Re­ form Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 299. go. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 94; "The English Re­ form Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 304. g r . See G.W.F. Hegel, Lectures on Natural Right and Political Science: The First Philosophy of Right: Heidelberg I8J7-I8I8 with Additions from the Lectures of I818-I8Ig, pp. 276-276. 92. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 95; "The English Re' form Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 304. 75· I

Notes to Pages 646--6 55

743

93· Hegel, "Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 1 03; "The English

Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 3 I O .

·94· Ibid. ("Brains" is the translation of " Verstand" here.)

95· Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p p . 97-98; "The English

Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, pp. 306-307.

96 . Hegel, " Ub er die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p . I oo; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 308.

97· Hegel, " Ub er die englische Reformbill," Werke, 1 I , pp. 99-- 1 00; "The English

Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, pp. 307-308.

98. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 96; "The English

Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 306.

99· Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. 86; "The English

I OO .

IOI. 1 02. I 03 . 1 04.

Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 297. ("Ideas" in this context is the translation of " Vorstellungen. ") Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I, p. I 07; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 3 I 4. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , pp. r o8-r o9; "The En­ glish Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p . 3 I 5 . Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p . I I4; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings , p. 3 1 9 . Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. I I4; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 320. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , pp. I I 9-1 20; "The En­ glish Reform Bill," in Hegel s Political Writings, pp. 323-324. Hegel, "Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I, p. 1 20; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 325. Hegel, " Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p . I 22; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 326. Hegel, "Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p . 1 27; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 329. Ibid. Hegel, "Ub er die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. I26; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 329. Hegel, "Uber die englische Reformbill," Werke, I I , p. I28; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings, p. 330. Barbara Markiewicz, "Hegels Tod," in Christoph Jamme, (ed.), Die ''Jahr­ bucher for wissenschaftliche Kritik, " pp. 53 I-556. See especially p p . 542-543, from which these dates are taken. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #739, p. 499· Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #739, p . 497 · Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #678, p . 433 · Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #739, p. 498 . Karl Rosenkranz, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegels Leben, pp. 4 I 9-420. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #698, p. 446. '

I05. x o6. I 07 . Io8.

I 09. no. I I I.

I I 2. I IJ. I I4.

us.

I I6. I I 7.

Notes to Pages 65 5-665

744

I I 8. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #7 3 9, p. 499· I I9. For th e characterization o f Hegel's final illness, I acknowledge m y gratitude to Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, who discussed with me at length Hegel's medical symp­ toms and possible diagnoses of his final illness.

Epilogue 1.

In fact, the true cause of cholera was discovered in 1 8 3 3 , only a few years after Hegel's death - in Berlin by Robert Koch, a professor at the university there.

2. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #723, pp. 474-475 . (The translation is taken with slight alteration from that of John Edward Toews, Hegelianism, p .

8g.) 3 · Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #724, pp. 476-477. (The translation i s taken with slight alteration from that of John Edward Toews, Hegelianism, pp.

88-89.) 4· "Wenn aus der Ferne, d a wi r geschieden sind, I Ich dir noch kennbar bin, die Vergangenheit I 0 du Teilhaber meiner Leiden!" from HiHderlin (intro­ duced and edited by Michael Hamburger) (trans. Michael Hamburger) (Bal­ timore: Penguin Books, I96I), p. 249. 5· "Es waren schiine Tage. Aber I Traurige Diimm erung folgte nachher I Du seiest so allen in der schonen Welt I Behauptest du mir immer, Geliebter! das I Weillt aber du nicht . . . " (Hb"lderlin, p . 2 5 I ) . 6. Hegel in Berichten seiner Zeitgenossen, #3 9a, p . 3 5 ·

Chronolo gy of Hegel's Life

STUTTGART born in Stuttgart Parents: Rentkammersekretiir Georg Ludwig Hegel and Maria Magdalena Louisa Hegel (born Fromm)

1 770 August 27: Hegel is

1 773

April: his sister, Christiane, is born (dies 1 832) . Hegel goes to the deutsche Schute.

1776

Probable entrance into Untergymnasium May: birth of brother Georg Ludwig (dies x 8 x2)

1780

Hegel takes the Landexamen for the first time

1783

September 20: Hegel's mother dies of "Gallenfieber"; Hegel also is seriously ill with it

1784

Beginning in the autumn, Hegel is a student at the Obergymnasium

1786

Centennial celebration of the Stuttgarter Gymnasium

1 788

September: Hegel leaves the Gymnasium; he gives the Abiturrede

TUBING EN 1788 October: reception in the Stift at the same time as Holderlin Hegel begins his study with the philosophical faculty 1 790

September: Magister-Exam Registration in the theological faculty He shares a room in the Stift with Holderlin and Schelling

1 793

June: theological disputation Starting in July, Hegel is on leave from the Seminary and stays in Stuttgart September 1 9-20: Konsistorialexam

745

Chronology of Hegel's Life BERNE 1793 October: begins his activity as house tutor with

K. F. von Steiger

1 795

May: trip to Geneva

1 796

July: hike through the Bemese Alps End of the year: return from Berne to Stuttgart

FRANKFURT 1797 January: Hegel begins the Hofmeister position that Holderlin found for him with the wine merchant Gogel 1 798

First publication: Vertrauliche Briefe iiber das vorma/ige staatsrechtliche Verhiilt­ nis des Waatlandes zur Stadt Bern

1 799

January: death of Hegel's father in Stuttgart March: Hegel makes the trip back to Stuttgart

1 8oo

September: Hegel makes a trip to Mainz, which since 1 798 has belonged to the French Republic

JENA 1801

January: Hegel moves to Jena September: first philosophical book published, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy August 27: habilitation submitted in Latin on the orbits of the planets; Hegel becomes a Privatdozent without Beso/dung (remuneration)

x 8oz! I 8o3

Together with Schelling he edits the Critical Journal of Philosophy

1 805

Named to auflerordentliche Professor, without remuneration

x 8o6

October: completion of the Phenomenology of Spirit

1 807

February: birth of his illegitimate son, Ludwig Fischer (dies x 83 x in Jakarta)

BAMBERG 1 807 March: moves to Bamberg; editor and Redakteur of the Bamberger Zeitung April: publication of the Phenomenology of Spirit

Chronology of Hegel's Life

747

NUREMBERG r 8o8 November: rector of the Gymnasium in Nuremberg until 1 8 1 5 : he gives the official year-end speeches r8u

September: marries Marie von Tucher

1812

First volume of the Science of Logic published

1813

Named to Lokalschulrat Second volume of Science of Logic published Birth of son Karl (dies 1 90 1 )

1 8 14

Birth o f son Immanuel (dies 1 89 1 )

1816

Third volume o f Science of Logic published

HEIDELBERG x 8 x 6 University Professor in Heidelberg 1817

Publication of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences Coeditor of the Heidelberger Jahrbiicher Hegel publishes in the Heidelberger Jahrbiicher, "Proceedings of the Estates Assembly in the Kingdom of Wiirttemberg r 8 1 s-r 8 r 6"

BERLIN x 8 x 8 October s : moves to Berlin October 22: inaugural lecture November 28: Hegel becomes a member of the Gesetzlose Gesellschafi r819

J une 1 7 : Hegel turns over guardianship of his sister, Christiane, to his cousin, Ludwig Friedrich Goriz July 27: Hegel writes to the authorities about Asversus

1 820

October: publication of Philosophy of Right Hegel travels in the fall to Dresden

1 82 1

Hegel travels again in the fall to Dresden Hegel becomes dean of the philosophical faculty for a one-year term

1 822

Hegel writes the preface to Hinrichs's book on the philosophy of religion Hallesche A. L. Zeitung publishes an attack on Hegel, and Hegel fails in his attempt to get the government to intercede for him

Chronology of Hegel's Life October: trip to the Netherlands Hegel writes a memorandum on the teaching of philosophy and other subjects in the Gymnasium 1 823

Hegel redeems the bond he put up for Asversus

1 824

September/October: trips to Prague and Vienna September 2 1-0ctober s: Hegel's stay in Vienna November 4, r 824: Hegel writes the Prussian police on behalf of Victor Cousin

1 825

(A quiet year for Hegel)

1 826

Hegel writes "On a Complaint on Account of a Public Slander of the Catholic Religion" Hegel writes "Uber die Bekehrten" ("On the Converted") for the Berliner Schnellpost July 23, r 826: Foundi n g of the Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschafiliche Kritik Ludwig Fisher Hegel leaves the family (probable date)

1 827

Publication begins of the Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschafiliche Kritik New edition of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences August-October: trip to Paris Returning through Brussells, Hegel visits van Ghert, discusses Ludwig Fisher

1 827

Hegel stops off in Weimar, visits with Goethe Hegel publishes "On the Episode of the Mahabharata Known as the Bhagavad-Gita by Wilhelm von Humboldt in the Jahrbiicherfiir wissenschafi­ liche Kritik "

1 828

"Hamann's Writings" in the Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschafiliche Kritik Review of Solger in the Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschafiliche Kritik

1 829

September: trip to Prague; visit to the spa in Karlsbad where he accidentally meets Schelling; on the return trip, he visits Goethe Hegel is elected rector of the university Hegel publishes his review of Goeschel's "Aphorisms on Ignorance and Absolute Knowing" in the Jahrbiicherfiir wissenschafiliche Kritik Hegel publishes his review of "On the Hegelian Doctrine or Absolute Know­ ing and Modem Pantheism - On Philosophy in General and Hegel's Encyclo­ pedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Particular" in the Jahrbiicherfiir wissen­ schafiliche Kritik

1 829/30

Chronology of Hegel's Life

749

1 830 Third edition of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences March 6: lunch with the royal family during which there is a remembrance of Holder lin June zs: Latin speech on the three hundredth anniversary of the Augsburg Confession 1 83 1 New reworking of Science ofLogic, Volume r (appears r 83z) Hegel publishes his review of "Ideal-realism" in the Jahrbiicher for wissen­ schaftliche Kritik "On the English Reform Bill" November 14: Hegel dies in Berlin

Hegel' s Works Cited

Collected Works and Collections of Articles Werke in zwanzig Banden (ed. Eva Moldenhauer and Karl Markus Michel) (Frank­ furt a.M.: Suhrkamp Verlag, 197 1 ) (abbreviated as Werke and volume number). Samtliche Werke (ed. He rmann Glockner) (Stuttgart: Frommans Verlag [H. Kurtz], 1 928), vols. 1--20. Gesammelte Werke (ed. Rheinisch-Westf:ilische Akademie der Wissenschaften) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1 968- ). Berliner Schriften: I8I8-I8JI (ed. Johannes Hoffmeister) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1956). Brieft von und an Hegel (ed. Johannes Hoffmeister) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1 969), vols. 1-4 (abbreviated as Brieft, volume number, and the letter number); Hegel: The Letters (trans. Clark Butler and Christiane Seiler) (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1984) (abbreviated as Letters and page number). Early Theological Writings (trans. T. M. Knox and Richard Kroner) (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1 975). Hegel's Political Writings (trans. T. M. Knox) (Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1 964).

Individual Works "(Beurteilung der] Verhandlungen in der Versammlung der Landstiinde des Ktinig­ reichs Wiirttemberg im Jahr 1 8 1 5 und 1 8 1 6," Werke, 4, pp. 462-597; "Pro­ ceedings of the Estates Assembly in the Kingdom of Wiirttemberg 1 8 1 51 8 1 6," in Hegel's Political Writings (trans. T. M. Knox) (Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1964), pp. 246-294. "[Ober] Friedrich Heinrich Jacobis Werke. Dritter Band," Werke, 4, pp. 429-46 1 . "Aphorismen aus Hegels Wastebook," Werke, 2 , pp. 54o-567; "Aphorisms from the Wastebook" (trans. Susanne Klein, David L. Roochnik, and George Eliot Tucker), Independent Journal of Philosophy, 3 (1 979), pp. 1-6. (The English translation is only a selection from the whole.) "Berichte Hegels iiber seine Unterrichtsgegenstiinde: Aus dem gedruckten Gymna­ sialprogram," Werke, 4, pp. 294-302. 751

7 52

Hegel's Works Cited

"BewuBtseinslehre fUr die Mittelklasse ( I809)," Werke, 4, pp. I I I-I23. "Das alteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus," Werke, I , pp. 234-236. (Hegel's authorship is in question.) "DaB die Magistrate von den Biirgern gewahlt werden miissen," Werke, I, pp. 268273. "Der Geist des Christentums und sein Schicksal," Werke, I , pp. 274-4I8; "The Spirit of Christianity and Its Fate," in Hegel, Early Theological Writings, pp. 182-301 . "Die Positivitiit der christlichen Religion," Werke, I , pp. I 04-229; "The Positivity of the Christian Religion," Early Theological Writings, pp. 67-I 8 r . "Die Verfassung Deutschlands," Werke, I , pp. 45 I-6Io; "The German Constitu­ tion," in Hegel's Political Writings (trans. T. M. Knox) (Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, I964), pp. I43-242. "Glauben und Wissen oder Reflexionsphilosophie der Subjektivitat in der Vollstan­ digkeit ihrer Formen als Kantische, Jacobische und Fichtesche Philosophie," Werke, 2, pp. 287-433; "Faith and Knowledge or the Reflective Philosophy of Subjectivity in the Complete Range of Its Forms as Kantian, Jacobian, and Fichtean Philosophy" (trans. Walter Cerf and H. S. Harris) (Albany: State University of New York Press, I977). "Gutachten iiber die Stellung des Realinstituts zu den iibrigen Studienanstalten" (I8Io), Werke, 4, pp. 379-397· "Hegels Rede bei der Abgabe des Rektorats," in Berliner Schriften: I8I8-I8JI (ed. Johannes Hoffmeister), pp. 763-780. "Logik flir die Mittelklasse (I8Io/u)," Werke, 4, pp. I62-203. "Maximen des Journals der deutschen Literatur," Werke, 2, pp. 568-574; "Guide­ lines for the Journal of German Literature (I 807)" (trans. Christine Seiler and Clark Butler), Clio, I3, no. 4 (I 984), pp. 409-4I2. "Notizenblattt: Bayern: Ausbruch der Volksfreude iiber den endlichen Untergang der Philosophie," Werke, 2, pp. 273-279. "Rede auf den Amtsvorganger Rektor Schenk am Io. Juli I 809," Werke, 4, pp. 3053I I . "Rede bei der dritten Siikularfeier der Obergabe der Augsburgischen Konfession," in Berliner Schriften: I8I8-I8JI (ed. Johannes Hoffmeister), pp. 3D-55· "Rede zum Antritt des philosophischen Lehramtes an der Universitiit Heidelberg" in G. W. F. Hegel, Vorlesungsmanuskripte II (I8I6-I8JI) (ed. Walter Jaes­ chke), in Gesammelte Werke (ed. Rheinisch-Westfalische Akademie der Wissen­ schaften, I 995), pp. I I-3 1 . "Rede zum SchuljahrabschluB am I4. September, I 8 I o," Werke, 4, pp. 327-343. "Rede zum SchuljahrabschluB am 2. September I 8 u ," Werke, 4, pp. 344-359. "Rede zum SchuljahrabschluB am 29. September, I 809," Werke, 4, pp. 3 I 2-326. "Rede zum SchuljahrabschluB am 30. August I 8 I 5," Werke, 4, pp. 368-376. "Uber den Unterricht in der Philosophie auf Gymnasien," Werke, I I, pp. 3 I-41. "Uber den Vortrag der Philosophie auf Gymnasien: Privatgutachten fiir den Koniglichen Bayrischen Oberschulrat Immanuel Nietharnmer," Werke, 4, pp. 4I034I7; Letters, pp. 275-282.

Hegel's Works Cited

·

753

" Uber die Einrichtung einer kritischen Zeitschrift ftir Literatur," Werke, I I , pp. 9JO. "Uber die englische Refonnbill," Werke, vol. I I , pp. 83-128; "The English Reform Bill," in Hegel's Political Writings (trans. T . M. Knox), pp. 295-330. "Uber die wissenschaftlichen Behandlungsarten des Naturrechts, seine Stelle in der praktischen Philosophie und sein Verhaltnis zu den positiven Rechtswissen­ schaften," Werke, 2, pp. 434-530; "Natural Law: The Scientific Ways of Treating Natural Law, Its Place in Moral Philosophy, and Its Relation to the Positive Sciences of Law" (trans. T. M. Knox and Richard Kroner) (Philadel­ phia: University of Pennsylvania Press, I 97 s). " Ub er eine Anklage wegen offentlicher Verunglimpfung der katholischen Religion," Werke, I I , pp. 68-7 1 . "Vorrede z u Hinrichs Religionsphilosophie," Werke, I I , pp. 67. Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art (trans. T. M. Knox) (Oxford: Qarendon Press, 1 975), vols. 1-2. Differenz des Fichteschen und Schellingschen Systems der Philosophie, Werke, 2, pp. 7-138; The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling 's Systems ofPhilosophy (trans. H. S. Harris and Walter Cerf) (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1977). Dissertatio Philosophica de Orbitus Planetarum: Philosophische Erorterung iiber die Planetenbahnen (translation, introduction, and commentary by Wolfgang Neu­

ser) (Weinheim: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986).

Elements of the Philosophy of Right (ed. Allen W. Wood, trans. H. B. Nisbet) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Werke, 7· Enzyklopiidie der philosophischen Wissenschaften, Werke, vols. 8-1o; The Encyclopedia Logic: Part I of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (trans. T. F.

Geraets, W. A. Suchting, and H. S. Harris ) (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1991); Hegel's Philosophy of Nature (trans. A. V. Miller) (Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1 970); Hegel's Philosophy of Mind (Part Three of the Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences) (trans. William Wallace and A. V. Miller) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 197 1 ). Hegel's Introduction to the Lectures on the History of Philosophy (trans. T. M. Knox and A. V. Miller) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985). Jenaer Systementwiirfe /: Das System der spekulativen Philosophie, (ed. Klaus Dusing and Heinz Kimmerle) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1986). Jenaer Systement'RJiirfe II: Logik, Metaphysik, Naturphilosophie (ed. Rolf-Peter Horst­ mann) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1 982). Jenaer Systement'RJiirfe Ill: Naturphilosophie und Philosophie des Geistes (ed. Rolf­ Peter Horstmann) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1987); Hegel and the Hu­ man Spirit: A Translation of the Jena Lectures on the Philosophy ofSpirit (I8os6) with Commentary (trans. Leo Rauch) (Detroit: Wayne State University

Press, 1 983).

Lectures on Natural Right and Political Science: The First Philosophy of Right: Hei­ delberg I8IJ-I8I8 with Additions from the Lectures of I8I8-I8I9 (trans. J.

Michael Stewart and Peter C. Hodgson) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

Hegel's Works Cited

754

Phiinomenologie des Geistes (ed. Hans Friedrich Wessels and Heinrich Clairmont) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1988) (abbreviated as PhG.); Phiinomenologie des Geistes (ed. J. Hoffmeister) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1955) (abbre­ viated as PC.); Phenomenology of Spirit (trans. A. V. Miller) (Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1977).

Philosophie der Geschichte, Werke, vol. 12; Philosophy of History (trans. J. Sibree)

(New York: Dover Publications, 1956).

System der Sittlichkeit (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1967); System ofEthical Life (1802/3) and First Philosophy of Spirit (Part III of the System of Speculative Philosophy J803!4) (trans. H. S. Harris and T. M. Knox) (Albany: State

University of New York Press, 1 979).

Three Essays, 1793-1795 (edited and translated by Peter Fuss and John Dobbins)

(Notre Dame: Notre Dame Press, 1984).

Vorlesungen fiber die Philosophie der Religion (ed. Walter Jaeschke) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1993), vols. 1-3; Lectures on the Philosophy ofReligion (ed. Peter Hodgson, trans. R. F. Brown, P. C. Hodgson, and ]. M. Stewan) (Berkeley:

University of California Press, 1984), vols. 1-3. Vorlesungen iiber die Philosophie der Weltgeschichte: Band I: Die Vernunfi in der Geschichte (ed. Johannes Hoffmeister) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1994); Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction: Reason in History

(trans. H. B. Nisbet) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).

Wissenschafi der Logik (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1971); Werke, 5-6; Science of Logic (trans. A. V. Miller) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969).

Works Cited

J. F. von Abel , Versuch iiber die Natur de r speculativen Vernunft zur Priifung des Kantischen Systems (Frankfurt and Leipzig: 1 787; reprinted Brussells: Culture et Civilisation, 1 968). Ernst Anrich (ed.), Die Idee der deutschen Universitiit (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1964). Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics (trans. David Ross, revised by J. L Ackrill and J. 0. Urmson) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1 992). Andreas Arndt and Wolfgang Virmond, "Hegel und die 'Gesetzlose Gesellschaft'," Hegel-Studien, 20 ( 1 985), pp. I I 3-u6. Hermann Aubin and Wolfgang Zorn (eds.), Handbuch der deutschen Wirtschafts-und Sozialgeschichte ( S tuttgart: Klett-Cotta Verlag, 1 976), vol. 2. W. H. Auden, "Forward," in J. W. Goethe, The So"o71ls of Young Werther and Novella (trans. Elizabeth Meyer and Louise Bogan) (New York: Random House, 1971). Manfred Baum and Kurt Rainer Meist, "Politik und Philosophie in der Bamberger Zeitung: Dokumente zu Hegels Redaktionstatigkeit ·x 8o7-x 8o8," Hegel­ Studien, xo ( 1 975), pp. 87-127. Willi Ferdinand Becker, "Hegels Hinterlassene Schriften im Briefwechsel seines Sohnes Immanuel," Zeitschrift for philosophische Forschung, 35, nos. 3 /4 Guly­ December 1 9 8 1 ), pp. 592-6 14. Frederick Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution, and Romanticism: The Genesis ofGerman Political Thought 1790-rBoo ( Camb ridge Mass.: Harvard University Press, ,

1 992). Frederick Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1 987). Robert Berdahl , The Politics of the Prussian Nobility: The Development of a Conser­ vative Ideology, I77o-1848 (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1988).

Isaiah Berlin, "Hume and the Sources of German Anti-Rationalism," in Isaiah Berlin, Against the Cumnt: Essays in the History of Ideas (ed. Henry Hardy) (New York: Viking Press, 1980), pp. 1 62-1 87. W. R. Beyer, K. Lanig, and K. Goldmann, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in Niirnberg: r8o8-r8r6 (Nuremberg: Selbstverlag der Stadt Bibliothek Niirn­ berg, 1966). 755

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Wilhelm R. Beyer, "Aus Hegels Familienleben: Die Briefe der Susanne von Tucher an ihre Tochter Marie Hegel," Hegel-Jahrbuch, 1 966 (Meisenheim am Glan), pp. 52-I I O. Wilhelm R. Beyer, Zwischen Phiinomenologie und Logik: Hegel als Redakteur der Bamberger Zeitung (Frankfurt a.M.: G. Schulte-Bulmke Verlag, 1955). Inge Blank, "Dokumente zur Hegels Reise nach Osterreich," Hegel-Studien, 16 (198 1 ), pp. 41-55· E.-W. Bockenforde, "Die Historische Rechtsschule und das Problem der Ge­ schichdichkeit des Rechtes," in his Staat, Gesellschaft, Freiheit: Studien zur Staatstheorie und zum Verfassungsrecht (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1976), pp. 9-41 . Martin Bondeli, Hegel in Bern (Bonn: Bouvier Verlag, 1990). Wolfgang Bonsiepen, Die Begriindung einer Naturphilosophie bei Kant, Schelling, Fries und Hegel: Mathematische versus spekulative Naturphilosophie (Frankfurt a.M.: Vittorio Klostermann, 1997). Wolfgang Bonsiepen, Hans-Friedrich Wessels, and Heinrich Clairmont, "Anmer­ kungen" to Hegel's Phiinomenologie des Geistes (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 1988). Andrew Bowie, Schelling and Modern European Philosophy: An Introduction (London: Roudedge, 1 993). Nicholas Boyle, Goethe: The Poet and the Age. Volume /: The Poetry of Desire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991). Michael Brock, The Great Reform Act (London: Hutchinson University Library, 1 973). Rudiger Bubner, "Hegel's Concept of Phenomenology," in G. K. Browning (ed.), Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: A Reappraisal (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997), pp. 3 1-5 1 . Stephen Bungay, Beauty and Truth: A Study of Hegel's Aesthetics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1 987). Kenneth L. Caneva, Robert Mayer and the Conservation of Energy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) Roger Chartier, "The World Turned Upside Down," in Roger Chartier, Cultural History (trans. Lydia G. Cochrane) (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988). David Constantine, Holder/in (Oxford: Oarendon Press, 1988). Jacques D'Hondt, "Hegel und das 'Journal des savants'," in Christoph Jamme (ed.), Die "Jahrbiicher for wissenschafiliche Kritik ": Hegels Berliner Gegenakademie,

pp. I 19-144. Jacques D'Hondt, Hegel in His Time: Berlin I8I8-I8JI (trans. John Burbridge with Nelson Roland and Judith Levasseur) (Lewiston, N.Y. : Broadview Press, 1988). Jacques D'Hondt, Hegel Secret: Recherches sur les sources cacMes de Ia pensee de Hegel (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1 968). Laurence Dickey, Hegel: Religion, Economics, and the Politics of Spirit, 177o-I8o7 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987). Klaus Dusing, "Asthetischer Platonismus bei Holderlin und Hegel," in Christoph

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Jamme and Otto Poggeler (eds.), Homburg vor der Hohe in der deutschen Geis­ tesgeschichte: Studien zum Freundeskreis um Hegel und Hiilderlin (Stuttgart: Klett-Cona, 1 986), pp. 1 0 1-1 17. Hans Eichner, Friedrich Schlegel (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1 970). James Engell, The Creative Imagination: Enlightenment to Romanticism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981). Oscar Fambach, Der Romantische Ruckfa/l in der Kritik der Zeit (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1963), pp. 403-427. Ludwig Fertig, Die Hofmeister: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Lehrerstandes und der burgerlichen Intelligenz (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1 979). ]. G. Fichte, "A Crystal Clear Report to the General Public Concerning the Actual Essence of the Newest Philosophy: An Attempt to Force the Reader to Under­ stand" (trans. John Botterman and William Rasch), in Ernst Behler (ed.), Philosophy of German Idealism (New York: Continuum, 1987). ]. G. Fichte, Science of Knowledge (ed. and trans. Peter Heath and John Lachs) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1 982). Charles James Fox, "The States of Wirtemberg," Edinburgh Review, 29 ( 1 8 1 8). Eckart Forster, " 'To Lend Wings to Physics Once Again': Holderlin and the Oldest System Program of German Idealism," European Journal of Philosophy 3(2) 174-1 90, August 1 995. Manfred Frank, Eine Einfiihrung in Schellings Philosophie (Frankfurt a.M. : Suhr­ kamp Verlag, 1985). Manfred Frank, Unendliche Anniiherung (Frankfurt a.M. : Suhrkamp Verlag, 1997). Michael Friedman, Kant and the Exact Sciences (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Uni­ versity Press, 1992). ]. F. Fries, Uber die Gefohrdung des Wohlstandes und Characters der Deutschen durch die Juden ( The Danger Posed by the Jews to German Well-Being and Character), partially translated by Allen Wood in his editorial notes to G. W. F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right (ed. Allen W. Wood, trans. H. B. Nisbet) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1 99 1 ). Fran�ois Furet, Revolutionary France: 177D-188o (trans. Antonia Nevill) (Oxford: Blackwell, 1992). Peter Gay, The Enlightenment: An Interpretation: The Science ofFreedom (New York: Norton, 1969). Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1 960). Hannah Ginsborg, "Purposiveness and Normativity," in Hoke Robinson (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Kant Congress (Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1995), pp. 453-460. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship (ed. and trans. Eric A. Blackall in cooperation with Victor Lange) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995). Karlheinz Goldmann, "Hegel als Referent flir das Niirnberger Lehrerseminar und Volksschulwesen 1 8 1 3- 1 8 1 6," in W. R. Beyer, K. Lanig, and K. Goldmann, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in Niirnberg: I8o8-1816.

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Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge: Harvard Uni­ versity Press, 1992). H. S. Harris, Hegel's Development: Towards the Sunlight IJJo-r8or (Oxford: Oxford at the Oarendon Press, 1972). · H. S. Harris, Hegel's Development: Night Thoughts (Jena r8or-r8o6) (Oxford: Ox­ ford University Press, 1 983). Ernst Ludwig Theodor Henke, Jakob Friedrich Fries: Aus seinem handschriftlichen Nachlasse dargestellt (Leipzig : F.U. Brockhaus, 1 867). Dieter Henrich, "Art and Philosophy of Art Today: Reflections with Reference to Hegel," in R. E. Amacher and V. Lange (eds.), New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1 979), pp. 1 07-1 3 3 ·

Dieter Henrich, "Hegel und Hiilderlin," in Dieter Henrich, Hegel im Kontext (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkarnp Verlag, 1 97 1 ), pp. 9-40. Dieter Henrich, Der Grund im Bewufltsein: Untersuchungen zu Holder/ins Denken (IJ 94-IJ 9S) (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1992). Dieter Henrich, Konstellationen: Probleme und Debatten am Ursprung der idealistischen Philosophie (rJ8C)-IJ9S) (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 199 1 ) . Dieter Henrich, The Course of Remembrance and Other Essays o n Holder/in (ed. Eckart Forster) (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1 997). Dieter Henrich and Christoph Jamme (eds.), Jakob Zwillings Nachlass, eine Rekon­ struktion: mit Beitriigen zur Geschichte des spekulativen Denkens (Bonn: Bouvier, 1 986).

G. Hirschmann, "Die •Ara Wurm' ( 1 8o6-1 818)," in Gerhard Pfeiffer (ed.), Niim­ berg - Geschichte einer europiiischen Stadt (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1982). Eric Hobsbawm, Echoes of the Marseillaise: Two Centuries Look Back on the French Revolution (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1 990). Eric Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1 990). Peter C. Hodgson, "The Metamorphosis of Judaism in Hegel's Philosophy of Religion," Owl ofMinerva, 1 9 (Fall 1 987), pp. 41-52. Michael H. Hoffheimer, Eduard Cans and the Hegelian Philosophy of Law (Dor­ drecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995). Johannes Hoffmeister, Dokumente zu Hegels Entwicklung (Stuttgart-Bad Canstatt: Friedrich Frommann Verlag, 1936). Friedrich Hogemann, "Die Entstehung der 'Sozietat' und der 'Jahrbiicher ftir wissenschaftliche Kritik'," in Christoph Jamme (ed.), Die "Jahrbiicher fiir wis­ senschaftliche Kritik ": Hegels Berliner Gegenakademie, pp. 57-92. Friedrich Hogemann, "Geselligkeit," in Otto Piiggeler (ed.), Hegel in Berlin: Preuflische Kulturpolitik und idealistische Asthetik: Zum rso. Todestags des Philo­ sophen, pp. 57-63 . Friedrich Hiilderlin, "Sein Urteil Miiglichkeit," in Friedrich Hiilderlin, Siimtliche Werke (Frankfurter Ausgabe), vol. 1 7 (ed. D. E. Sattler, Michael Franz, and Hans Gerhard Steimer) (Basel: Rater Stern, 1991), pp. 147-1 56. Friedrich Holderlin, "Wenn aus der Ferne," in Hii/derlin (introduced and edited by

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Michael Hamburger) (trans. Michael Hamburger) (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1961), pp. 249-25 1 . Anne Hollander, Sex and Suits (New York: Alfred A . Knopf, 1996). Erwin Holzle, Wiirttemberg im Zeitalter Napoleons und der deutschen Erhebung: Eine deutsche Geschichte der Wendezeit im einzelstaatlichen Raum (Stuttgart: W. Kohl­ hammer Verlag, 1937). Rolf-Peter Horstmann, "Jenaer Systemkonzeptionen," in Otto Poggeler (ed.), Hegel (Freiburg: Karl Alber Verlag, 1977), pp. 43-58. Rolf-Peter Horstmann and Michael J. Petry (eds.), Begets Philosophie der Natur: Beziehungen zwischen empirischer und spekulativer Naturerkenntnis (Stuttgart: Ernst Klett Verlag, 1986). Rolf-Peter Horstmann, Die Grenzen der Vernunfi: Eine Untersuchung zu Zieten und Motiven des deutschen Idealismus (Frankfurt a.M.: Anton Hain, 1991). David Burne, Treatise on Human Nature (ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge) (Oxford: Oaren­ don Press, 1978). Heinrich Eduard Jacob, Felix Mendelssohn and His Times (trans. Richard and Clara Winston) (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1973). Christoph Jamm e (ed.), Die ''Jahrbiicherfor wissenschafiliche Kritik ": Hegels Berliner Gegenakademie (Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 1 994). Christoph Jamme, "Die erste Holderlin-Ausgabe," in Otto Poggeler (ed.), Hegel in Berlin: Preuftische Kulturpo/itik und idealistische Asthetik: Zum rso. Todestags des Philosophen, pp. 64-71 .

Christoph Jamme , "Liebe, Schicksal und Tragik: Hegels 'Geist des Christentums' und Holderlins 'Empedokles'," in Christoph Jamme and Otto Poggeler (eds.),

"Frankfurt aber ist der Narbel dieser Erde ": Das Schicksal einer Generation der Goethezeit, pp. 30o-324. Christoph Jamme and Elisabeth Weisser-Lohmann (eds.), Politik und Geschichte: Zu den Intentionen von G. W F. Hegels Reformbill-Schrifi (Bonn: Bouvier, 1995). Christoph Jamme and Helmut Schneider (eds.), Mythologie der Vernunfi: Hegels >>iiltestes Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus �'8, 6 r , 2 1 4, 5 53

Index Royal Board of Scientific Examiners for Brandenburg, 454. 495 , s o6, 5 1 3 Royer-Collard, Pierre Paul ( 1763-1 845), 535, 63 1 Rugen, 43S, 439, 442, 507, 5 1 3 Riihs, Christian Friedrich ( 1 781-1S2o), 5 3 1 Rwnford Coffee Maker, 24S Russell, Bertrand ( 1 S72-1 970), xiv, 642 Russell, Lord John ( 1 792-1 S7S), 642 Russia, I46, 22S, 239, 2 44. 245, 307, 30S, J I O, 3 I 2, 42I , 6oS, 633, 652 Rust, Issak ( I 796-1 S62), 559 Salat, Jakob ( I 766- I S S I ), 259, 260, 263, 264, 270, 27 I , 293 Sand, Karl Ludwig (I795-IS2o), 435, 437 Santa Rosa, Count, ( I7S3-I S24), 525 Saphir, Moritz Gottlieb ( I 79S- I 8 s S), S4I, 542. 543. 544. 6I6 Savigny, Friedrich Karl von (I779-I S6I), 392, 393. 394. 395. 447. 453. 454. 470, 47 I , 472, 4Ss, 495. 496, S J I , 532, 533. 534 , 535. 536, 537. 539. 54I, 549 Schad, Johann Baptist ( 1 75S-I 834), 1 09 Schall, Karl ( I 77o-1 S33), 543, 544 Schelling, Caroline (Michaelis Bohmer Schlegel) ( 1763-1 So9), 97, 9S, 1 1 2, 1 13, 1 92, 224. 247, 620 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph ( 1 775xSs4) attacked by Catholics in Wiirzburg, 22627 as competitor with Hegel, 464. 6 I o-l l defending Victor Cousin, 527 deparrure from Jena, I I 3 dispute with Kapp, 6 1 5-I 6 establishing the Critical Journal of Philos­ ophy, 1 1 0 as Hegel's examiner for the habilitation, 1 07 in Hegel's Logic, 350 Hegel's philosophy characterized as Schellingian, 259-65, 32S, 338, 3S I , 6xo Hegel's presentation of Schelling i n his Difference book, 1 53-60 Hegel's renewed contact with, 81-86 Hegel's strained relationship after Jena, 235. 236 as Hegel's successor in Berlin, 258, 662 influence on Hegel's thought in Jena, 1 68, I 70, 1 72, 1 76, I 8o, I 92, 203, 22I , 222, 223, 224 initial tensions with Hegel, I Io-I I

as member of the "invisible church," 6o61 not impressed with Teutonic nationalism, 397 parodied by Jean-Paul, 378 reconciliation through Immanuel Hegel, 624 relationships with Caroline Schlegel, n x1 13 return to teaching, 464 reunion with Hegel, 62o-24 rise to fame in Jena, 57, sS, 1 09 as the "Romantic philosopher," 9S scandal surrounding Auguste BOhmer, 1 12 Schelling's idealism, 1 29-33 Schelling's response to Hegel's Phenome­ nology, 256-58 translating Marseillaise, 24 at Tiibingen Seminary with Hegel and Holderlin, 21-25, 2S, 30, 3 1 , 32, 33, 34. 35. 36, 37. 39 Schelver, Franz Josef ( I 778-I 832), 226, 234. 235 Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von ( 1 75