Grammar Two

Present forms

of verbs

Long forms

(forpasrformsseebackcover) Short forms

Questions

Presentsimple of be Iam you are he is she is it is we are you are they are

I am not you are not he is not she is not it is not \\re are not )/oll are not thev are not

I'm you're

I'm not vou aren't he isn't she isn't it isn't we arentt

ther-'re

the'r'arentt

am I? are vou? is he? is she? is it? are we? are you? are they'?

I've got lrou've got he's got she's got it's got

I haven't got rrou haventt got he hasn't got she hasn't got it hasn't got u,e haventt got vou haven't got thel haven't got

have I got? have you got? has he got? has she got? has it got? have we got? have you got? have thel'got?

I don't like vou don't like ire doesn't like she doesn't like it doesn't like n'e don't like vou don't like tirev don't like

do I like? do vou [ike? does he like? does she like? does it like? do u'e like? do vou iike? do thel,like?

I'm not working vou arentt working he isn't working she isn't working it isn't working we aren't working vou aren't working thev aren't working

am I working? are vou working? is he working? is she working? is it working? are we working? are vou working? are they working?

hets shets i t's wetre youtre

voll arentt

Presentsimple of have got I have got vou have got he has got she has got it has got we have got you have got the,vhave got

I have not got vou have not got he has not got she has not got it has not got u'e have no! got vou have not got tirev have not got

lt,etve got vou've got ther've got

Presentsimple I like vou like he likes she likes it likes rve like vou like they'like

I do not liiie vou do not like he does not iike she does not like it does not like we do not like vou do not like tirer-do not like

Presentcontinuous I am working vou are working he is working she is working it is working \\'e are working vou are working :ltev are working

I am not working you are not working he is not working she is not working ir is not working we are not working vou are not working thev are not working

I'm u'orking ),ou're working he's working she's working it's working we're working vou're working ther're working

ca.n and rnust c:ul

must

ctrnnot must not

cantt mustntt

Contents re I Do vou remember the Bells? ,

at

What's Trig doing? Columbus discoveredAmerica

Presentsimple

i

Presentcontinuous: Presentcontinuousor presentsimple?

i

Pastsimpl.

j:

4 Tom's flr'ing to Nerv\brk

Presentcontinousfor future plans; a,/an and the

i:

5 \&'e'regoing to seethe sights

the; to + baseform for purpose

1.

6 Jennv rtrites neatlv

Adverbsof manner

9i,

7 \{4eo'stlie fastesr?

Comparisonof adjecdves

2+

8 The most intelliq'ent

Comparisonof adjectives u-ithmore and most; Irregular comparisons

2S

I A lot of food

Exoressingquandn'

o-J-

J

t 0 Trig \^'as\\'atchingtelevisionrt'iren . .

Pastcontinuous: Pastcontinuousand pastsimple

1 1 \-ou should n'ork harder

should for obligadon and advice

3E

i9

Presentperfecrsimple just. already,yet

40

i3 Have vou been ro China?

Presentperfect simple; would like

++

14 \{ho took the bottom one?

one(s) for substirurion; who and what assubjects

4.4

:.5 I've had it for fir'emonths

Presentperfect with for and since; Presentperfector pasrsimple?

52

l6 \{-ill I be rich?

Future with will: mav for possibilin'

56

I'r'ejust finished it

Fage

)

t7 I'm reading about recycling

Gerunds

60

l8 The man who walked on the Moon

Relativepronouns

62

19 Shall I do the shopping?

shall for offers and suggestions

66

20 Could you swim?

could and be able to for abiliW

68

2 L Astronauts have to wear spacesuits

have to

70

,9

Prepositionsof placeand movement; too and enough

74

23 Nobody knows

something, nobodp ever)nuhere, arnyoneetc.

78

24 Don't hurt yourselves!

Reflexiveand emphatic pronouns

82

25 They used to have fun

usedto

84

26 How mlrch is recycled?

The passive

86

27 If the weather'snice we'11. . .

Conditional sentencestFpe1

90

28 Trig has been packing

Presentperfect continuous

94

) ----1

)

Trig is too fat

---l

)

I

)

--t I

)

2 Animals in danger

)

a Jenny is telling Nick about pandas.Crossout the wrongverb forms. I I

that everybodv 1 love/loves pandas.

JENNy NIvbook FF/rt;l

This panda 2 look/looks just like mv old teddybear. He 3 has got/have

)

Do you a knorv/knows

JENNY

Herei, lu *yZ*,utl thatthey trt"./till An adult panda

I

J

9 weigh,/wei I

J

)

I I

l

8 grow/grows

125kilos.

What do pandas 1o eat/eats ? Elephants?

JEN NY

Stupid! They

NIC K

I

I

i

I

NIC K

12 prefer/

Look! Here

in china.

1.7metreslong and

N ICK

JENNY

)

where pandas 5 live/lives

N IC K I

/

black and white fur.

ll

eat/eats bambooleavesand other plants.

rs Drzza. I

13 am/is/are

--: -

a panda on mv WWF badge.You 15 mean/means

d o n 't

Ia know,/knows

Yes,I

16 doldoes . The World Wide Fundfor Nature

17 protect,/protects -)

J E N N Y Soyo u

whatWWF

animals and plants all over the world.

18 am/is/are

not alwa,vs stupidNick!

Ncow read about wh ales. Put the verbsin brackets ( ) in the correct form. J

Th e blue *hu1. ) /5 J

Itl

(be) the largestanimalin the world.

(weigh) 150tonnesand ?

30 metreslong. Baby blue rvhales

(grow; (drink) 600litr es

of their mothers' milk evervday. Blue whales 1

(live) in the seabut

to the surfaceevery 15 minutes.\Ahen a whale I

it Z There

(come) (breathe)

(blow) water high into the air.

(be) 83 kinds of whale.Theyall

(have) a d.ifferent song. Whales l0 (provide) (want) to hunt them. meat and oil, so some people I I (be) now international lawsagainst this. There 12 9

Work with a partner. Tell vour partner five things about pandasor whales. ChapterI

3 My father Here is what Nick savsabout his father, Mr Bell. Choose the verbsfrom the list and write them with the correct endings. rvash rratch rvork /

get up leave read

bry eat carrv

|1v6 > HorkS

do walk

in London. His office is in a big nel'building I think.

earlr:He 3

Everv morning he and 3

in cold water

porridge for breakfast.Then he l

the railway station. He ahvays3

his umbrella.

a ne\{/spaperand

He6

In the evening,he

to

it on the train.

work at five o'clock.^Vterdinner he the rvashingup.Then he lo television.

sometimes ? \Ahat a boring lifel

+ Mr Bell Nick got some things \\:rongand left some things out. Saythe sentencesusing do, does,don't or doesn't. then rtrite in the ans\\'ers. work in a bie new

9 \\trat

building. He works in a smallold building. I

Mr Bell get up earlv?

train?He readsthe newspaper. l0

2 Yes,he o J

Nick andJenny get up early

washin cold water.

He has a hot bath.

Yes,but not evervnight. Nick and Tennvwatch

IJ

Mr Bell drink for

toast and marmalade.

televisionwith Mr Bell?

T4 \-es,they 15

vou think that Mr Bell has a boring iife?

Mr Bell leavehome?

H e leavesat seventhirn'. Chapter I

Mr Bell rvatchtelevision?

Ic'

breakfast?Orangejuice. - He eat porridge. He eats

the

rvashingup.

12

Mr Bell What

fir'eo'clock.

. They get up at

eight o'clock.

8 \Ahen

Mr Bell leave

11 \Ir Bell alwavs

No, they

o

\\hat time

rrork? He leavesrvork at six o'clock. not at

tooi

D

ivlr Bell do on the

1I -1 5 The Bells and their friends I

1

Write questions with be, have got or can and the word in brackets ( ).

_)

-1

&n Nick plaLtJhe piano?

)

I

Nick can play the guitar. (Jenny)

2

Mr Bell can speakFrench. (lvlrsBell)

-1 J

I

1J 3 Amanda is narelve.(Jenny) -1 ) -1 J

I

4

Nick hasgot dark hair. (Jenny)

5

Nick's eyesare brown. (Jenny'seyes)

I

1J

6 The Bellshavegot a ne\,vcar. (their neighbours)

1 )

7 Jenny can play table tennis. (Nick)

:

8

1_)

1I

Nick andJennv havegot a dog. (Amanda)

9 Jenny is nvelve.(Nick) l0

Nick hasgot a skateboard.(Jenny)

1) 1I )

i 1 I

1 Chapter I

-1 )

--l )

-1

Sports What are thev doing? Sav the answerslike this:

)

1 I I 1 tt

Is Alan sn'imming? No,heisn't.He'ssurfing. 1 Are Bill and Cathy sailing? 2 Is Eric walking? o J Are Frank and George cvcling? 4 Is Helen playrngtennis? 5 Is Kate riding? 6 Are Louiseand Mike fishing?

2

6

They are busv )

t_-

Trig wants some help with his verbs. His friends can't help him. They are busv. Put in the correct forms of the present simple or present continuous.

J

L-

TR IG

I' L..-

tt_lL-

ILIt--

t_

I

(learn) nvo nervn'ordseverv dar'.

H el

(take) Chip for a rvalk.

He 3

(take) him for a rvalkeverv afternoon.

3

JENNY

Yes,I

(be) vou busr',Jennr'? (rvrite) a letter. I ahvavs (rvrite) to Aunt.{nn on Sundavs.

TR IG

\r\rhat

\IR S B E LL

It

(you.do),)Irs Bell? (bake) a cake.

(be) Tom herei

TR IG

(visit)airiend in Liverpoolthisweekend.

}IRS B E LL

No,he 9

TR IG

Can Mr Bell help me?

\,IR S B E LL

No, he lo

(rvash)the car.

ll

(rvash) it eyervlvcekend.

But it 12 I3

(rain). Oh look, he

He TRIG

\{R S B E LL

t-

I > learn

TRIG

tL-

t_

(learn)Englishverbs.

!\,'here'sNick: JEN NY

t--

I > am learning

Yes,n e ^ ^

(listen) to the radio in the living-room. (rest)norv.Don't disturb him.

Chapter2

3 Columbus discoveredAmerrca

Pastsimple

I FIow Coiumbus discovered Arnerica

roru

I'mjust reading about Christopher Columbus. He had an interesting life. He discovered America.

NrcK

Ikne wthatwhen Iwas eight.

Complete the storywith the verbs in the pastsimple.

roM

Well, did vou know that he was Italian? He sailed from Spain in 1.492,but he wasn't Spanish.

> believed Cotumbus

NrcK

So r,r'hat?I sailed from Spain in 1989, and I'm not Spanish either!

(believe)fta

the earth > wds

( be) r ound.I" .

1

(want) to sailwest from

Europeto India. Columbusfirst (ask)for moneyand shi:,

Grammar lesson

for hisjournerfrom the King of Portugal. The King 9

Pastsimple

Columbus 4

Look at the I'erb tables at the back of the book for the past simple of be and have.

Queen Isabella

(refuse).So (go) to Spair(give)

him three ships.

Form 1

Regular verbs add ed or d ro the base form in the affirmative. discover ---r discovered believe --+ believed

Columbus 6

(sail) from

Spainon August 3rd,7492.A1rhoughhe (know) about the t'inds and rveatherand 8

9

Irregular verbs have a special form. know --+ knew (There is a list of some irregular verbs at the back of the book.) Use did not or didn't + base form for the negative and did for the question form. Did yu knout that he wasltalian? The form is the same for all persons (he, she and it are not different).

(beta

good sailor,his men

( be

afraid. Things 10

(become

difficult and rhev I l

(r,r'ant

to sailback ro Spain. Columbus 12

(s a r' )' No ' .

Thejournev IJ

(take) ten

weeks.Then a saiior l4 a bird. This 15

(see

(prove;

that thev 16

(be) near land.

On October 12th,i492 Columbus

Use

1',7

We use the past simple for an action that started and finished in the past, often q,ith a time expression.

Chapter3

(carrv) the Spanishflag

onto an island.He 18 the island San Sali-ador.

(narne

Questions about Columbus Write questions about Columbus and hisvoyage toAmerica.

1

He wanted to sail west. (Where)

2 Columbuswentto Spain. (Where) 3 He sailedfrom Spainon August 3rd, 7492.(\Mhen) 4 The journey took ten weeks.(How long) 5

A sailor saw a bird. (What)

6

He named the island'San Salvador'. (What)

I

tc,

J

!.D

a

Famous explorers Look at the pictures, then add the correct names to the sentences.

)

travelled overland to China in1275. I

)

I

found a searoute to India in 1498.

2

sailed around the world in 1521.

o J

explored the coastofAustraliain 7770.

4

reached the South Pole in 1911.

J

climbed Nlount Everestin 1953.

6

landed on the Moon in 1969.

-+-

----"tL- l \/

)d" LIJ fi1

/T\

'T."

Marco Polo

Now correct these sentences.Saythe answers. He didn't climbMountEunest. Hefound a searoute to India.

I Neil Armstrong found a searoute to India. 2 Ferdinand Magellan landed on the Moon.

JamesCook

Vasco da Gama

Ferdinand Magellan

RoaldAmundsen

Edmund Hillary

NeilArmstrong

q

James Cook reached the South Pole. 4 Marco Polo explored Australia. 5 Edmund Hillary travelled to China inl275. 6 RoaldAmundsen sailed around the world in 1521. J

With a partner, ask or answer six questions about the famous explorers. Give short answers. PARTNER No, hedidn,t.

Chapter3

4Tom's flying to Nert'\brk TO\'I

I'm flying to New \brk at the weekend. I'm staying at a hotel with mv UncleJoe and AuntJane. He's an artist and she'sa photographer.

NIC K

What's the hotel called?

TON I

The NewYork Tower. It has a restaurant at the top. The restaurant turns round eighteen times a dayso you can seethe whole city.An orchestra plal's there in the evening.

Presentcontinuous for future plans;a/ an and the Grammar lesson Present continuous for future t

prans We use the present continuous to talk about future plans, often with time expressions. I m stayingat a hotel.

a/ an and the We use a/an 1 with singular countable nouns: 2

before ajob or occupation in the singular:

3

in expressionswith numbers when it m eans' e\r er y' :

\,Veuse the nhen we mean 'a particularone'which the listener alreadyknorvsabout: (The hotel Tom is stavingin.) The New YorkTbwer (There is only one'New York Tower'.) The restaurantturns . . . (The restaurantTom is talking about and hasalreadymentioned.) with some time expressions: (also: in the morning,in the afternoon, on thef.rst ofJanuary) A revolrring restaurant!

Chapter4

L L L L

L L L L L L L L I

--

What are they doing next week? Here is Nick's diary.

Here is Tom's diary.

SundayOr',ve to Heothro,rl t^rlth tr/iek

sundaY (o fo HeqLhroow;throvn,

MondayV6it lJnele. Get st,.rcl.io /Vl.t't other ortists'

Mondav studg Maths.

TuesdayCLinnb the

Tuesdav CLea.amg room,

FtSb N.,:York.

--

Sto.tue of

Lib'rtJ '

Wednesday tr)atch o- bo.sobo.tl gonna

Wednesdav V[Sut Unc(e PauL

ThursdayTo,lce c bq-t to Con J lslqnd .

Thursdav se Reyr French grarnrrlqr,

FridayList.n to-rrntrs ic- t-h Centro.L Q*.k.

FridaY HeLpYlurnin thQ,gard.cn,

SaturdayFtJ back hor.ne.

Saturday Meet Tom,DodtteU him abnrt n49bort'ng week,

Ln faospLta L ,

-

I

tl^

tL-

l_ l_ l_

a Tom is telling Nick his plansfor next week.Put in the verbsin the correct form. ro NervYork romorrorvafternoon at 12.30. I > an ftgung

l_ l_ l_

I

You I c)

to HeathrowAirpornvith me. On Mondav l UncleJoe'sstudioand we 3

other artists.On TuesdavI I

the Statue of Liberw.

On Wednesdav afternoon I 5

a baseball game with

my cousinJim and on Thursday we b

a boat to

Coney Island with AuntJane. On Fridar-afternoon I to music in Central Park rvithJim. Then on SaturdavI back home. Now saywhat Nick is doing next week. to Heathrowwith Tom. On Monday On Sundayhe I Maths.On Tuesdayhe 3 he2 his room. On Wednesdavhe I

his Uncle Paul

t

in hospital.On Thursdayhe 5

French grammar.

l_

Tom at Heathrow. On Saturdaymorning h. 7 Tom about his boringweek. He 8

t_

On Friday afternoon he 6

his mother in the garden.

Chapter4

I

Plans for next week What about you? Are you flying to Neu'York next week? No? \A/ell,what are voll doing next week?

Here are some ideas: watch television go shopping meet a friend go to the cinema

Use the present continuous and tomorrow, at the weekend, on MondaY etc. SaYsix sentences.

't

reuseIor a test play football washyour hair visityour grandparents L

school. I

o J

Holiday plans

a

Amanda is going on holiday.Jenny asksher about it. \Ahat are her answers?Look at the box. \A'rite the questions and savthe ans\vers.

re train. :aches.

Yes,u'ith all the familv For trvoweeks. Twenw pounds. No, mv mother's taking the photos.

I I

5 visit,the sights?

Where are lou going ? Toltah.

6

How, travel?

1 \Ahen,go?

7

go, u'ith your parents?

2 \Ahere, sta,v?

8

How much money, take?

3 How long, stay?

I

take. a camera?

4

sta%at a hotel?

10 come back,by plane?

t

I I I

I Wbrk with a partner. lVrite, then act, a dialogue about holidal'plans. You can use the questions from a or vou can make new questions.

Chapter 4

lI tJ I

J

I

Jobs Match the names to the jobs. Saywhat they are.

I J

doctor J

policeman )

mechanic artist

Don

dentist )

typist

IVIike

actor hairdresser butcher J

teacher Ben

pilot

Diana

J

,J

With your teacher,write nventyjobson the blackboard. Chooseone of the jobs and mime it in front of the class. The classhasfive guesses.

Trig andJenny at the cr::ema Put in a. an or the.

)4 fih.Inuas I w e e ke n d ,T ri g a n d Je n nvsaw film wascalled 'An Uglr'Ilonster in Love'. horror film. 2 61 > t h e

cinema at six o'clockin a Thev arrived at 3 evening.Jenny snackto eat in the cinema.It was 6 bis bar of bought 5 little pieceto Trig. Bur Trig took 8 chocolate. She offered 7 bar of chocolateand gave I 10 loved 12 But 14 At l6 was l8

little piecetoJennr:

film wasvery frightening. It wasabout l1

ugly monsterwho

acress.He sent her flowersfir,etimes t' actressdidn't like !-

doy.

uglvmonster.He becamevery angr,v.

end of the film,Jennv heard

scream.She thought it

ugly monsterbut it rvasonlv Trig. Chapter4

5 We're going to seethe sights going to r\rRSBELL Trig, on Saturdavwe're London bv train to sho*' you the sights. JENNv

We're leavingafter breakfast to arrive before lunch.

NrcK

London is the capitalof England. It's on the RiverThames.

the; to + baseform for purpose

\ r(:K

And we can go to the Science Museumto look at someold planesand spaceships.

\IRSBell

Then we can seeBuckingham Palace,Big Ben, Hyde Park, St. Paul'sCathedral. . .

rRrc

Disneyland?

JE\*\*y

Trig, Disneylandis in the USA!

-

t

JENNv

We can go to the Tower of London to see the CrownJewels.

!

Grammar lesson

T

the 1 We use the rvhen there is onl,vone: with the namesof: rivers

the Riaer Thames, the i{ile the Atlantic, oceans,seas the Mediterrtnean the Sahara deserts mountain ranges the AIps museums,galleries the Sciencet\Iuseum the Tate Gallert the Hilton Hotel, hotels, cinemas the ABC Cinema

Sometimeswe usethe with the names of bridgesand other important buildingsand sometimeswe do not: theLeaning Bur Towu of Pisa thel4hiteHouse BUr the GoldenGate BUr Bndge theParth,enon BUT

-

Big Ben BuckinghantPalace Towa'Bidge StPaul'sCathedral

London,England (butihe USA) lakes,mountains Lake &neaa, MountEuerest streets,squares DowningStreet, Trafalgar Square H^tdePark parks

)

t

\Aredo not use the rvith the expressions: go

by

car bus train plane

before after for at

breakfastlunch dinner

We do not usuallyusethe with the names of, towns, countries

t

!

to from at

work school

to + baseform for purpose We use to + baseform to show a purpose or reason.It usuallyansrversthe questionWhy?

I

f

(Why?) . . . to showTrigthesights. t

Chapter 5

r

3 Mini questionnaire a

Read the sentencesand sayhow many times we need the altogether. Once, twice or not at all? I

When do you clean your teeth, before or after

2

What do you have for

3

Do you go to

4

When do you have your English lesson today, before or after

5

When do you do your homework, before or after

6

How do your parents go to -

breakfast? school by -

bus, or do you go on

foot? lunch?

dinner?

work? Do they go by

car, by bus or

train?

by b

breakfast?

Write your answersto the questions. Use full sentences,like this:

I 2 o J

4 5

6

why? Draw lines to find the end of the sentencesand then saywhy they did these things. Trig turned on the tel.suisionto watch cartoons. Trig turned on the television

1 Mr Bell turned on the radio 2 Nick went to the fridge o J

1 3

6 ,7 t

at

I I0

Jenny opened her pencil case Nick opened his wardrobe Jenny went to the wash basin Chip went into the garden Mr Bell got out the lawn mower Nick went to the garage Mrs Bell bought some flour Trig opened his grammar book

Chapter5

to learn some English. to watch cartoons. to get hisjacket. to listen to the news. to cut the grass. to get the milk. to look for her pen. to chase the birds. to repair his bike. to wash her hands. to make a cake.

5

Where are they going, and why?

a

Use the words in the box to make sentences about the pictures. Saywhere they are going, and why.

2

buy a cassette buy some flowers play football look at bicycles y'

make a phone call buy a book catch a bus have a haircut

6

q

3

b

Now draw your own pictures and askyour partner to saywhere they are going, and why.

6 Why do people travel? Say five (or more) reasonswhy people travel to o[her countries.

Chapter5

6 Jenny writes ne atly

Ad'erbs ofmanner School report

School report Name

Jen ny B eIl

En gl i sh

w r i tes

French

Learns carefully

neatly.

Name

Nick Bell-

English

writesuntidily.

French

Learns slowly

Works hard.

Games

Jenny tries but

she isn't

hard

Maths

Works carelessly.

Games

Nick

can run fast.

He swims and plays

good at

football

Games.

very well.

Gene' alcomm ents

G en e r acl o m m en ts Jenny behaves well

and

pronounces badly.

and works quietly.

Math s

L

in cl-ass.

Nick often

behaves noisilY

in cfass.

Grammar lesson Adverbs of manner Adjectives (for example, neat, noisy) tell us what something or someoneis like. They describenouns and pronouns.

pnrJr-.""'""' Nichis noisy.Nickis anoisy Adverbs of manner (for example, neatly, -----r' norsuvr rell us now someonedoes something. They describe verbs.

To form an adverb of manner, we usually add ly to the adjective:

T:'^., carerul

:::XL,-. careruuy

rbut y changesto i before Iy:

Jt

Nich behaues noisily.

untidy

untidily

and Ie changes to ly: gentle simple

gently simply

Irregularforms good hard fast

well hard fast

L L L L L L L L L L

t

T l

t Chapter 6

I I

At school Cross out the wrong word and savthese sentences.

oo_\ f-" el2J

Nichs'suriting is bad. He doesn'twrite neath.

I 2 3 4 5 6 7

Jenny'swriting is (neat/neatly). Shewrites (careful/carefully). Sheworks (good/well) in class. Her work is usually(good/well). Nickworks (careless/carelessly). He learns (slow/slowly). He sometimesbehaves(bad/badly) in class.

8 Nick is often (noisy,/noisily)in class,too. 9 Nick's teachersare often (angry/anerily) with him. l0 Mr Blake sometimesshoutsquite (loud/loudly). l1 But Nick is (good/rvell) at Games. 12 His Gamesteacheris very (happy/happily).

Adjective or adverb? Put the words into the correct boxes. Sav what the words are.

IrEFq -@t*=-.-^ C

@

ZrF;sril q

@ vou shouldn't drink Coke and {izztl drinks .

tl

Amanda V ttt

> /ou shouldn't 6uu unnecessarqthinas.

; -,

I

.a

,

-r J

I

*l j a--

I )

)

Y,

r-

.

r

r

.

I've rust flnlshed. lt .J

Mrs Bell is out.JennY and Nick are cooking dinner to surPrise her. JENNv

I've washed the lettuce and I've chopped the tomatoes. I can make the salad norv.

Nr c K

No vou can't. lbu haven't peeled the potatoes yet.

JENNv

Oh ves,I have. Look! Here thev are. I've already cooked them. And what have vou done? Have you finished the washing up yet?

\rcK

Yes,I'vejust finished the washing up.

Presentperfect simple;j*t, already,yet TRIG And I'vejtrst finished the chocolate pudding.

=

=

Grammar lesson L-

Presentperfect simple Form. have or has + past participle

-

The pastparticiplefor regularverbsis rhe sameas the pastsimple. Baseform Pastsimple wash washed finish finished

Presetzt lterfect have oRhaswashed har,eoRhasfinished

do be

L

did &'ns

have oRhasdone haveoRhasbeen

We usethe presentperfect simplefor a completedactionwhich hasan effect or result in the present.

Chapter 12

L-

L_

Use

Short ansTuers No, I haven't. Yes, he has.

I

L_

The pastparticiplefor irregular verbsis often differenr.

Look at the back of the book for a list of some irregular verbsand their pastparticiples.

Questions Have you finished? Has he finished?

r

F

L_

r I

L

r L-

I

I I I I I

j*t,

Usejust for a verv recent action (a few seconds/minutesago). LIsealready in positivesentences Use yet in negative sentencesand in questions. Haaeyouf.nished th,ewashingult yet?

l1

trVhichis which? Here are ten simple pastforms and ten past participlesof irregular verbs.Which is which? Vlake nvo lists.

I I

atev

given written did done

l l

I I I I I

I

-

:

seen wrote went / eaten V driven

sa\v rook drove taken forgot

pastsimple

pastparticiple

> ate

> e a te n

drank forgotten ga\-e drunk gone

lVhat's happened? IVIatchand say the sentences.

1 2 3 4 D

1

already, yet

6

7 8 9 10

Trig has taken mv pencils. I've bought you a hat. He's been to Greece. I haven't eaten all dav'. Nick hasn't done his homework. Jenny has cut her finger. You haven't combed your hair. I've caught a cold. She'spassedher exam. The bank hasn't openedyet. I've lost mv kev.

He can't go olrt. He's got a sun-tan. I can't,open the door. She'svery happy. It looks untidy. I'm stayingin bed. I'm very hungry. It's bleeding. Try it on. I can't find them. I can't get any monev.

Chapterl2

--I

_lI

What have theyjust done? Wiite nine sentences.Use the present perfect of theseverbs: comb have

break wash finishv/ get up

cut make

-J

eat rwite

_:

nishel the

--7

chocolate Duddr'nq.

--f _l -

J

lHe

J W 2 She

7He

= :l -.

= -_l

l

8 She =-

=

4 She

9He _ '-

Chapter 12

'=

I I i,

jobs !!hat have thev alreadv done? !\hat haven't thev done vet?tr\'rite ten sentences. Jennr"sjobs I 2 3 4 5

I

I I I I I

wash the lettuce t/ chop the tomatoes.,/ boil the eggs make the salad cook the potatortJ

Nick' sjobs 6 7 8 I l0

write the shoppinglist setthe table waterthe plants."/ takeChip for a walk emprythe rvaste binJ t,t

atshes uet .

Dolaf o e s. 1

,I -a

l0 d -l I

Jb

-i d,

Today Have you done these things todar'? Answer rvith alreadv or yet. Yes,I'ue already had breakfast.

I

d"

I I I

a

No, I hauen'tltad lunch vt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I 10

Have vou made your bed? Have,u"ouhad a bath? Have vou done vour English homework? Have vou cleaned your teeth? Have lou had supper? Have vou seen vour best friend? Have vou cleaned your shoes? Have vou heard the nervs? Have vou had a hot drink.' Have vou combed your hair?

6 lVord square Find the pastparticiples. Be carefull Somen'ordsare pastsimpleforms of irregularverbs. DR

\K

XD

Y (g__g__r_E,

ZB

E\

LR

S

V

E\

LU

z \ v E r-T

D

SD

YN

D ON E O

R

ER

PK

)-E \\' LO

EE

XG

R

O\A ' N

\\' N \f

T.\

K

EN

N

DR

o\r

E

Z

R

IT

GI

Holv

l f-

T

Q.\

E

K AP

\^ 'A

S

NWERE

manv pastparticipleshaveyou found?

Chapterl2

13 Haveyou been to China?

Presentperfect simple;would Iike -

rr{RBL.{KE Today we're going to ralk about China. \Aho has been to China? Have you e\/er been there, Paul? PALL

No, I haven't. But I'd like ro eo there. A

\rR BL.\KE And what about you, Nick? Have vou been to China? Nr c K

"v

\Atell,no. Not quite. I've never been to China but I've walked though Chinatown. I've eaten C hinese food at the'China Palace'lots of timesl

Grammar lesson

F fa r r e vo u e ve r ...?

Presentperfect simple

\\-ith a partner, ask ar-rdans\verthese questions.Give short ans\\'ers.

\A/euse the present perfect simple for a finished action atan unknorvn or unstated time. I haue often eaten Chinesefood. (!\'e don't know rt'hen. The fact is important, not the time.) We often use ever and never u'ith the present perfect simple to ask or talk about past experience. Nick ltas nsaer beento China.

would like would like means 'want'. but it is more polite. We usuallyuse the short forms: I' d./ you' d,/he' d,/ she'd / we' d / they'd like; I wouldn't like etc. Wouldyou like milk in your tea? I utouldn'tkke rnilh hut I'd like lemon. When a verb follows would like. use the baseform with to. Wouldyou like to comewith nte?

Chapter13

P\RT\ER I 2 3 I 5 6 7 8 I 10 11 12 13 1.1 15

\bs,I ltauc.oR r\0. I lmuen't.

Have \/olr ever seelt a snakei Have vou ever eaten snails? Have vou ever drunk coconut rnilk? Have vou ever seelt a ghost? Have \/oll ever met a millionaire? Have \/ou ever forgotten a friend's birthdar.? Have voll ever s\{'umin a lake? Have \/ou ever had a nightmare? Have vou ever ridden a camel? Have vou e\/er gone to bed after midnight? Have vou e\rercaught a fish? Have vou e\/er made a model plane, car or ship? Have you ever seen a Tarzan film? Have vou e\/er spoken to a famous person? Have you ever read a comic in English?

J Cor-rntriesand places

l l

Anna and Nlaria Dimitris

Angela

I

Daveand Ron

Fatima and Lavla

^\hmed India

France

l

I I I I I

Nlont Blanc

The Colosseum

USA

The Tai Nlahal

China

England

The Greatl\ all of China

Stonehenge

/Y\ The Pvramids

The Statueof Libertv

Look at the pictures. \\tro has been rvhere? llake sentenceslike this:

!r

-i 1

\&ho has seen n'hat? V,iite sentenceslike this: L

> Anaela has seen the Puramid s .

*

t_'

t_

ri

r r

c

Work with a partner. Ask and answerfive questionslike this: Has Angela beentoEgTpt? PARTNER

Yes,she has.

PARTNER

|tio.he hasn't.

Chapterl3

3 Before and after

-

Nick has tidied his room. \Aihathas he done? F

F

T

F

l-

-

-

-

Nick's room yesterdav

\ick's roorrl todar' E

Use: close put

empqv hang up \\'ater tidv

make I

\Aiite about: -

t

his trousers

2 the waste-paperbasket 3 his bed 4 his cassettes

F

5 hisjacket 6 his schoolbag 7

-

the drargers

8 his desk t

his shoes

10 the plant I 1 h is c o m i c s 12 his guitar

F

a

I have ri.ever . . . Sav rvhich of these things vou have never done. and rvhich you have done once' rwice or several times.

been late for school I haaeneuerbeenlatefor school. seena spaceship saneraltimes. I lzaueseena spaceship

t 2 3 4

met a film star seen a snake eaten with chopsticks flown in a helicopter rvon monev 6 ridden a camel 7 plaved football 8 broken an arm or a leg

9 10 11 12 13 14 l5

walked ten kilometres used a computer climbed a mollntain seen a snbmarine fallen off a bicvcle used a calcr"rlator been fishing

5 lfhat r,v-ouldyou like to do? Read the list and lvrite down five things that you would like to do. Nolv trv to guessrvhat yolrr partner wrote. Score one point for a 'l'es'. Continue until the ansrveris 'No'. The first person wich fir'e points is the r'vinner.

6 lThat would you like? Savwhich of these things vou rvould or rvouldn't like. I wotLldlihe a pieceof chocolate cake. I it,otLldn'tlihe tnorehometuork.

I\bu.ldyu like to ride an elelthant?

P.\RTNER I'es,I would.(One point.) Wouldwuliketoseea ghost? You p^\RT.\-ER)io, I wottldn'r.(No point, so now it'syour partner'sturn.) PARr\ER \lbuld youliheto . . . ? Choosefi','ethings from the list. ride an elephant see a ghost fly to the moon meet a Pop star appear on television write a book travel round the world learnjudo or karate have an English pen-friend

learn Chinese keep a pet monkev exploreajungle becomea teacher go to DisnevWorld work in a circus become an astronaut take nnromonths off school

I 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 10 1l 12

a pet spider a motorcvcle a comouter a colcl a leatherjacket a ticket to Greenland an onion sandwich a dancing lesson a credit card a cup of tea a short haircut anap

Chapter13

L4 Who took the bottorn one? NrcK

DoesMum want a largecabbage or a small one?

JENNv AIarge one, I think. And here are the toffees. I want the soft ones in the blue wrappers. Which ones do vou want? NrcK

I like the ones in the red wrappers best.And how about some cansof Coke or lemonade?

one(s) for substitution; who and what as subjects Grammar lesson one(s) for substitution We can use one or ones instead of a countablenoun to avoidrepetition. one replacesa singular countablenoun. one? onesreplacesa plural countablenoun. I want theonesin theredwrappns.

who and what as subjects !\Itren who or what askabout the subject of the sentence,the verb is in the affirmative form. We do not use the auxiliaryverb do for rhe question. Suhject

Main uerb

Object

Somebody knocked over Who knocked over

the cans. the cans?

Somebodv did Who did

it it?

Something happened? What happened? Good idea! I want this one.

M.INAGERWhat haopened?What made rhat noise?Oh, no! Mv canslWho did it? Who saw it? Who knocked over my cans? Chapter 14

\4lhenwho is the object of the sentence,\ve usethe auxiliary verb do for the question.

u-J

I

I

I

I

fle

one with the blond hair

\\hich rvordscan we replacewith one or ones? t*nderline the words first. then write the sentences nith one or ones.

-l I -t

'

I

She'sthe eirl with the blond hair.

She'sthfine

-l I

8 lthich man is the manager?He's the man in the white coar.

wiih +he

blond hair. I

I

dI

1 lVhich toffees would you like? The toffees in the blue wrappers.

9 The chocolarebiscuitsrastebetter than the other biscuits.

2 DoesNIum want a large cabbageor a small cabbage?

10 Which dog is Chip?- He's the dogwtth the short earsand the long tail.

3 \'Vhich boy is Tom? He's the tall bov

11 lVhich houseis the Bells'?It's the houselvith the white door.

-| J

4 lVhich car is the Bells'?It's that car over there.

12 I've got somesrveets here. \\:hich srveets do vou want?

-t J

5 lVtrich girl is Amanda? She'sthe girl in the red T:shirt.

13 .\re you going to buv an expensive llhlkman or a cheap Walkman?

6 Do vou want a strawberryice-creamor a chocolateice-cream?

14 Our neighbourshavegot two dogs,a brown dog and a white dog.

7 The striped socksare nicer than the white socks.

15 The white ptrlloveris more expensive than the blue pullover.

l -l J

I

I

Chapter14

J c)

Which one?

-J

Which one would you like?Ask vour parmer. Use one or onesin vour answers.

-1

-I Which ice-creamrvould vou like? e-{RTNER I'd lihe the big one (on the one with thecherrl). op.I'd lihe the small one (op. the one without tlzechnry).

-I :l

-l -_l

I

-l j

I

\4hich slveetsrvould vou like?

5 \\hich trainerswould vou like?

F

t

? 2 \Ahich dog would you like?

6 \\hich book would vou like?

F

?

t

3 Which sockswould you like?

7 \\hich pullover would ),oulike?

,

?

,r-;@e:ffi 4 \,Vhichbic,vclewould vou like?

8 \\hich car would you like?

?

?

a

An accident a

A friend tellsyou about an accident.\bu want to know more. Ask questionslvith who or what.

L

saw the accident? caused the accident? The

bad rveatheror the dog? FRIEND

There hasbeen an accident.

reported the accidenrro rhe

Oh d.ear.What

a

happened?

t a

F RI E ND

-l I

rl-

d

It rvasverv fogry. I sarva dog in the road. Then there wasa loud noise.Avan stopped suddenl;tand a car crashed into it. Someonephoned the police. Someonephoned for the ambulance.

J

police? 4

made the loud noise?

5

phoned for the ambulance?

6

camefirst.The police car or the ambulance? happenedto the van driver?

8

rventto hospital?

9

happenedto the dog? anslveredthe policeman's

10 questlonsi

J

1Vl:o likes whor Here are some pupils from Nick's class. Sayiry1tolikes who.

5 lVho telephoned who? Jennv and her friends made a lor of telephonecallslastweekend.

Ann and Tomlilte Peter. Petn likesI'lick, Tomand An$.

J

_ it!

I 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9 l0

\4trholikes Nick? \Atrhodoes Nick like? Who likesAnn? Who doesAnn like? Who likes Tom? Who doesTom like? Who likes Andv? lVho doesAndy like? \ttro likes Sallv? ltrtro does Sallviike:

Ask the classfonrteen questions. nvo about each person.

Paul C LA S S

C I-A S S

1 Jenny 2 David 3 Nlark

\Vho'phoned Paul? JanephonedPaul. \Wo did Paulphone? Paul phonedPat and trlarh. 4 Ann 5 Jane 6 Pat

7 Amanda

Chapter14

'.5 I've had it for five months

presenr withfor and.,io.", J perfect Presentperfector pastsimple?

TOM

How long haveyou had vour ne\v skateboard,Nick?

NICK

I've had it since Christrnas.Now it's Ma1',so I've had it for five months. After Christmas I sold my old one to Pete for five pounds. And when did you getyour new bike?

rl :_-l

I

TOM

I

I got it in March, on my birthda,v. So I've had it for two months.

NICK

Did vou sell vour old bike?

TO!1

Sell it? With no brakesand with onlv one wheel?

I

I

Grammar lesson Present perfect with for and since 1 We usefor with the present perfect r,r'henwe are talking about a period of time. months. 2 We use since with the present perfect when we are talking about a point in time, such as a date or an event.

Time

F I

Make nvolists.Put the time expressions in the correctlist. vesterd.ar'y' / a long time y' Easter ffo vears a u'eek nvo months

June for

three vears \4Iednesdar. mv birthdav six hours lastmonth fir'e da)'s severalrveeks

> a /ong +; e

-

19 98 t7; Iu. tnc r c:r-trn h r me( :ks rhtre'eel w eree. \ 3n. Frrid da. ly' ee\ 3Ve :ninDCT ,'c l c eii igh h tI o) c' c o ock c lar N tTSU I u m:IM rt ter rer

L L L I

I

slnce

>ye will

JE\\Y

Dad,

\tR BELL

I think we

we use cars twenty years from norv? q

Thev 1 JE \ NY

cl

-

be electric.

A T

we still have pollution? c

but I think we

\IR B E LL

I hope we

JE NNY

And what

.\I R B E I - L

You

be older.

JE \ \ Y

But

I be different?

\IR B E LL

You 1o

be taller.

JE\ \ Y

But l1

\IR B E Lt -

usepetrol.

but thev :

I be like?

I turn green and drive a spaceship? look like Trig. Don't worryJenny.You 12

Wfrat will happen? Complete the sentenceswith will or won't. bl t l(

I hope it I

l0

it rain tomorrol,?

won't

1l

you be next

2

12 I don't think the iournev to London

be thirteen.

3 Our teacheris ill, so she

be

be very pleasant. 13 I expectthe train

at schoolnext week. + lVe haven't got any monev so we

tl!

a-

14 Take some sandwiches. There

I have eaten three pizzas.Ihope I

be a restaurant car.

15 \Arho

be ill! -

6

you be at home tomorrow?

7 No, we

. We are visiting

f:

r-

be

16

r7

there be many people at

John'sparty? YourEnglishisverygood.I'm sureyou passthe Englishtest.

in America! 9

meet you at the

station?

Grandmother.

8 Next yearat this time I

be very

crowded and hot.

go on holiday this year. 5

Take your umbrella, or you get wet.

birthdav?

L

catch vour

train. It's alread)i two o ' c lo c k .

raln.

How old

I'm afraidyou

It's raining. Put on your coat, or you

catch a cold.

18 Nick

passhis French test.

He doesn't work hard enough.

Chapter16

-l Tomorrow's weather

J

Write about the weather in Europe tomorrow. Use: hot sunny cool cold

=l

cloudy rainy snowy windy

v" .t

xx

>)(

-2"

Fl

;--_,

I

r

l_

Yf.'",rrgi:;

F

2

F

!

Whatwill the weather be like in . . . I

Norway? -

of Spainit will be cloudg. 1 the south of Spain?

10 the south of Italr'?

F

2 Scotland?

11 Ireland?

n I

3 the north of Germany?

72 Portugal?

F

4 Turkey?

13 the north of England?

F

5 the north of Italy?

14 the south of England?

F

6 Sweden?

15 the south of Germany?

Greece?

8 the north of France?

Chapter l6

16 the south of France?

I

I I I I I I I I I

Will it be hot? Look at the weather map again. Use words from the boxes to make questions and ask them round the class. PUPrL 2 PUPrL z PUPIL +

hot sunny cool cold

cloudy rainy snowy windy

sunshine snow rain

north of Spain south of England Portugal south of Germanv Greece Scotland south of Spain north of Germany

Life in the yeffi 2100 \Arhatmay happen in the future? What may life be like? Rewrite the sentenceswith may or may not. Perhapschildren will learn from

Peoplernau /ive on l*e

computersat home.

-

Moon.

l

l

France Norway north of Italy Italy Germany Sweden Turkey Ireland

Yes,it will. Will thne besnowinFrance? No. therewon't.

Earth.There mag_not be enough food on Earfh . I

Perhapsthere will be citieson the Nloon.

6

Perhaps there won't be anv schools.

7 Perhapsthere won't be enough room for everybodvon Earth.

2 Perhapspeople will live in spacestations. 8 Perhapsthere will be citiesunder the sea. 3 Perhapspeople won't go to work any more

Perhapsthere will be fast underground trains acrossthe world.

4 Perhapsrobotswill do all the work.

Chapterl6

17 I'm reading about recycling JEN\Y

I'm reading aboutrecycling. Recycling is important for our environment. Do you know what it is?

Gerunds

I Using gerunds a

a

NrcK

Of course I knowwhat it is.

I

y J EN ...*

It means collecting things and using them again. Things like glassor paper.

2 fly

Yes,that's right. It means not polluting our world.

NrcK

.'

Write the gerundsof theseverbs.

o J

use

rI

sa\re

t

4 watch 5

listen

r

6 spend 7

swlm

B plal' I

clean

l0 read Nou'put the gerundsin the sentences-

hobby'. waste glass and papef, again is called'recvcling'.

Grammar lesson

is a healthv sporr-

Gerunds

on Concorde is e\penffi r

We can use the ing form as a noun. We call it a gerund. We can use a gerund as a subject or an object. A noun can follow it. Subject Object

Reqcling is importantfor our enuironment. I'm reading about reqckng. It means collec.ting things and using them again.

to loud music is bad for

t t t t t t

vour father's ears. too much telerision eir€1o Mrs Bell a headache.

6

your room is borine.

7

monev is sensible.

8

money is fun!

9

books is one ofJennv's favourite hobbies.

10

t

r

football is Tom's favourite hobbl'.

Chapter17

I

3 The man who rvalkedon the \{oon The Bells are visiting the ScienceMuseum in London. The children are in the SpaceGallerr'. Look, Trig! Here's a model of an astronaut.An astronautis a person who travelsin space.Neil Armstrong wasthe astronaut that walkedon the Moon in 1969.

Nr c K

JENNy An d t h e r e 'sa mo d e l o f th e A p o l l o Lunar Module which landed on rhe Moon. And there'sthe Apollo Command Module. It's the onlv part that returned to Earth.

Nr c K

J ENNy

No, Trig! Get out! It doesn'tgo to Triglon!

Relativepronouns

Grammar lesson Relativepronouns We use who for people andwhich for things. space. There'sthemoduleuthich landedon the Moon. We can usethat for people and things. theMoon in 1969. It's theon\ part that returnedtoEarth.

_l _l _l

-J -J jl -J -:

We use which or that for animals. but we often usewho or that for pets. people

who that

things

which that

animals

which (on who for pets) that

----t

-

---

l -l

--r=s---z^'-

-tQ--

.tl

t

t

s" o 0

o

,4\ \, @

Chapter l8

1--..-/l \

t *-ork Fecpie r,v-no

li

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I --

I I I

Trig can't remember.Can vou explain rvho chepeople are?Bal<er?Tvpist?Clorvn?Piloc? \tatch the people and thejobs. Then rvritervhar*rev cio. Use simple ,.rrt.rr..s widr"who,like this:

A ? p -# {

/

y

)3' )

breed.

isa*,airer.A wai fer is Slmecne who Servestn a resfdurdnt.

Arnold

John-

#' './-) { .t,t,

Ken

Pamela

Charles

xJ

Ron

-

\-n)\=F1-- -\5-l=ifi71rA-

Diane

Fred

i

is an astronalrt.

g

is a piloc.

o

J

is a mechanic.

,4 T

is ajournalist.

5

is a postman.

6

is a butcher.

-\s-\ Nancv

Louise

rs a mllslcran.

8

is an artist.

I

is a chef.

10

is a bricklaver.

1t

is a clolvn.

12

ls a taxl-onver.

13

is a photographer.

I+

ls a FPrst.

Chapter18

J J

Animd facts What do you know about these animals and birds? Put the words in order and add which to make true sentences. in.{ustralia

J

@trtr|r.,"s".;lF"^"t-"'l

I I

A kangaroo is an animal which lives th Australia.

1E

at the North Pole

a polar bear

eucallptus leaves

a koala bear

3 tr-'t'""| F*'".1 I tr

t""-'t'""l-l tr

E

in the desert

f;t'

I -l

-t t

4@t " p -. ; - l t r t "b t ' d l learn to talk -

5 t rF " d . f f F b t . d l o

a wing spanof up to three metres

sledgesin Alaskaand Canada

Fh"'kvl@

tr @

I

I

I

7 [q

Ep-;;s"t"l tr

a tall animal

@l

e @ F'*-tl

at the South Pole E

@ tr f"Ar''*l

I

'a

sing beautifully I

10

run at a speedof 65 kilometres an hour

f

@l

Fbt,d'l tr

I

I

Chapter 18

i

I

lg

Links

lVho or which?

How are they the same? Write sentences rrith that.

Complete the sentenceswith who or which.

Use:

I I I I I I I I I I I I

1 -

I I I

to the postman?

lt'e drinky'we eat rve flv we sail rve read we listen to rr-edrive we wear

we watch

grow burn explode

cut( melt explains the meanings of words.

1 The people

are standingin

the queuewant ticketsfor tomorrow's

Theq dre fhinas lhat cut . fruit juice

milk

football match. Theseare the shoes

water

cost

Theu are thinas Jhat we drink.

over a hundred pounds.

plane helicopter kite

That's the man

livesnext

door.

2 apple bread cheese

4 Look! This is the tooth

hurts.

5 What's the name of the man o J

book

invented dvnamite?

comic newspaper

6 A thermometer is an instrllment 4 jacket

trousers

measurestemperature.

coat \

I

5

wood

oil

That's the shop assistant served me yesterdav.

coal

This is the bov 6 television film

r,'ideo

knorvsNick

Bell. Zoe is the girl Greece.

ship vacht

7 boat

comesfrom

10 Henry the Eighth is the English king 8 radio

Walkman

cassette

had six wives. 11 Pandas are animals

I

ice

butter

chocolate

eat

bamboo leaves.

1 2 Penguins are birds 10 bomb l1

flower

cannot fly.

fireworks gas tree grass

12 car lorry

tractor

-.ar'-

- '.

Chapterl8

19 Shall I do the shopping? ShdI I do the shopping toda1,, Mum?

N ICK

MRS B E LL

Well, all right. Thank you, Nick.

N ICK

And shall I post these letters for you?

MRS B E LL

You really are helpful toda1,,Nick. Thank vou.

NrcK

My room's a mess.Shall I tidy it

shallforoffersandsuggesrions I Offering help The people in the picturesneed help. Offer to do thines with Shall I and a word from the box. open carry wash

post repair phone

lifty' close get

-l -l _l -l

_l -l

-l -1

after school? NTRSB E I , L

Nick? M'hat do you want?

NICK

Oh, nothing, nothing at all. \Alhat shall we do on Saturday? I knorv! I've had a sudden idea. Shall we go to tou'n and buy me a new football and some new football boots?

Grammar lesson shall for offers and suggestions 1 We use Shall. . . ? to offer to do somethingfor someone. Shall I post theselcttersfor you? 2 We use shall for suggestions: Shall we buy mea newfootball? After shall we use the baseform without to,

Chapter 19

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Asking for suggestions Complete the sentences with a question word from the box and shallwe. lvhere

when

how

what

What shall we Whue shall we

how much

rvho

do tomorrow? go tomorrorv evening?

I

buy Mum for her birthday?

2 3

spend? go on holiday?To Scotland?

4

go?InJuly orAugust?

5

travel?By car or by train?

6

do at the weekend?

7

go on Sundav?To a museum?

8

invite to supper on Saturday?The Todds?

3 foIaking suggestions You are with a friend. You seetheseplaces.\A'rite suggestionswith Shall we and the words from the box. have lookatt/ visit

borrow

feed watch buv

Play see

Shall we lookat the bicucles? I

ryul SCIENCEIYUSEUM

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2 ct J

4 5 6 F7 I

8

Chapterl9

0 Could you swim?

could and be able to for abilitv

ToM

Could you swim when you were five?I could.

NrcK

No, I couldn't but I can swim now. I could ride a bike when I wassix.

roM

I'd like to be able to drive a car.

NrcK

You won't be able to do that until you're seventeen.

I could fly a spaceshipwhen I was six and I'll be able to speakEnglish asrvellasNick andJennvsoon.

Grammar lesson

could lity)

I I

\,t/hat could you do? \{'ork with a partner. Ask rvhat vour partner could do when he or shewassix yearsold.

Qu.estions Could you swim? Could he ride a bike?

Shortansuers Nor I couldn't. Yes,he could.

After could we use the baseform without to. I couldn't sutim. Couldyou sutim whenyou werefiue?

be able to for ability I

We use be able to with will for ability in the future.

2 We use be able to for the baseform of can after verbs like may, should and would like to.

Chapter 20

p.\RT\ER Yes.I could. on -Vo.I couldn't. read use a calculator drarvpictures take photographs srvim dive plav the piano go shopping ride a horse sewon a button light a fire u'rite in English count to a hundred cook a meal ride a bic,vcle paint pictures u'rite climb trees run fast tell the time usea computer use the telephone plav football use a typewriter

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I could fly a spaceship!

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2 I'd like to be able to . . . \\hat rvould you like to be able to do? Choose six things. Write six sentences.

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I

a

I a

drive a car speak French paint pictures build houses ride a horse mend cars n-indsurf sail a yacht plav the guitar do karate dance

write books designclothes play chess sing in a group fly a helicopter go to the Nloon make films climb mountains make pottery rvritecomputer programs

Growing up Nick's friend Paul has a younger brother whc is only one year old. Make six sentences savingwhat he could do when he was a baby what he can do now, and what he will be able to do when he is five.

Baby

Now

Ag" 5

crv y'

walk/ smile plav with tovs

swimy' draw

eat

sleep

talk

, I'd like to be able fo d riv e a c ar .

>Whenhe was a bab! he C,ouldcrg . >Now he can walk . > When he is frve he will be able lo swim.

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Chapter20

27 Astronauts have to \vear spacesuits JENNY

Mum, why do astronautshave to wear spacesuits?

MRSBELL

Well, they don't have to u'ear them in the spaceship,but thev have to wear them when thel'go outside.

NrcK

The first Skylab crew had to repair the outside of Skvlab.

JENNY

What did they have to repair?

NrcK

A damaged heat shield. I n'ant to be an astronaut one da1'.

MRSBELL

Well, then you'll have to *'ork a lot harder at Maths.

NrcK

have to

v .J ^l

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lf\

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But at least I won't have to speak French in space.

Grammar lesson have to We use must for necessity in the present. We can also use have to + base form. I have to vou have to he has to she has to it has to rve have to r.ou have to they have to

Questions Do they have to wear spacesuits? Do they have to wear them in the spaceship?

Short ansuers Yes, they do. No, they donot.

MIe use had to for the past andwill have to for the future. Past

The astronautshad to repair Skylab. Thq didnThaue to return to Earth.

Future

To become an astronaut,Nickuill haae to work harder at Maths, But hewon'thaae to speakFrenchin space.

r

1 Life in space Use have to or don't have to and a word from the box to make correct sentences.

hold,y' drink wash wear

work sleep

repair store

photograph exercise

do

haveto hold specialhandles to stayupright. I I

They They -

in sleepingbagson the walls. things in specialcupboards.

3 They 4 They

their drinks throueh tubes.

5 They

insidea big plasticbag

to keep fit and heaithr:

to keep clean. When astronalrtsare inside the ship, thev their spacesuits. 7 Sometimes there are problems and thev damage outside the spaceship. Astronauts

screntlhcexpenments

while in space.

9 They also

the starsand planets

with specialcameras.

1 0 But thev

all the time. Sometimes

they rela-xand have fun.

2 Englistr lessons What do you have to do in your English lessons?Savtwelve sentenceswith have to or don't have to. lVehaaeto learn uocabulary. Wedon't haaeto read,longboohs. I have to do too much.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

learn poems write exercises learn songs read aloud write compositions read newspapers learn bv heart translate I learn grammar rules 1 0 use a dictionarv t1 do projects 12 answerquestionsin English

Chapter21

D"iI,"*routine \r-hat do thev have to do every da1'?\Alriteeight sentences.

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get up lear-ehome catch the train do homervork go to bed go to sleep

Mr Bell

Nick andJenny

t.L5

7..30 8.30

8.00 8.20

11.00

5.00 9.00 9.30

> Mr Bell has to .qet uD at seven fifteen .

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Last week \,\-hatdid they have to do lastrveek?Say nr'elvesentencesrt'ith had to. Amanda I 2 3 4

studv for a Maths test tidv her room write to her aunt clean her bicycle

Nick

Jenoy 5 6 7 8

changeher libran'books go to the doctor r'isit her uncle buy a birthdal'present for a friend

I 10 1l t2

studyfor a Histor\/ test write a French essav bath Chip repair his skateboard

\4brk with a partner. Ask five questionswith Did . . . have to . . . ? Give short answers:Yes,he did, No, she didn't, etc.

Chapter2l

P .{R TN E R

Did Amandahauetogo to tlu doctorlastweek? No,shedidn't.

P A R TN E R

Did Nickhaueto repair his skateboard lastweeh? Yes,hedid.

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Good news Put in the negative forms doesn't have to, don't have to, didn't have to or won't have to.

so rhe' didnl

have to

ouu.

1 Children in England

go to school on Saturdays.

get up earl,v.

2 Trig doesn't go to school,so he o

c

take it

Amanda has passedher piano examination, so she again next year.

4 Mr Bell

work on Saturdavs.

5 YesterdavMrs Bell took the children to schoolby car,so they walk in the rain. do it tomorro\v.

6 Nick has already cleaned his bio'cle, so he I

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answer all the questions.

In the History test yesterday,we Onlv three of them.

Jenny and Nick

go to bed earlv at the rveekends. r,vaitlong at the bus stop.

The bus came on time, so we

go to school until thev

In some countries children are six or seven.

I I I I I I I I

1l

Nick hasjust cut his finger, but it isn't seriotts.so he go to hospital.

It was200 lines long. 12 We read a verv long poem in Englishyesterdav. ['m glad we

learn it bv heart.

22 Trig

is too fat

Prepositions of placeandmo'emenutoo andenougt-

Trig wants to go to the sweet shop. He wants to take a short cur - through the garden fence.

Grammar lesson

Nr c K '

Prepositionsof place and movement

TOM

\ I CK

TO\1

Trig, vou can't get through the fence. \bu're too fat. Don't be lazy! \A'alk round the garden and go through the gate. And you mustn't climb over the fence. You're not big enough.

fTo-rs--]

I @g

(-

,-

t

opposite thetoyshop \-

And no ladders! Ir's too dangerous. Last time you slipped down the ladder. Remember?

in front of the sweet shos,

Go across the road and round the corner, and the sweetshop is opposite the toy shop.

through the gate

Oh , nol Look! He didn't understand. He's got stuck in the fence. \\-e'll have to Ret the sara'.

over the fence

round the corner

across the road

up the ladder

dovr'n the ladder

too and enough We put too before an adjective or adverb. We put enough after an adjective or an adverb. He isn't bigmouglt

Chapter 22

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A ctrase Chip is chasing Fluff again. Where are rhev going? Put in the correct preposition.

t

the flower-bed --

_' \

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