Careers in Recreation Leadership

CAREERS IN

RECREATION LEADERSHIP

Institute Research Number 50 ISBN 1-59511-050-7 DOT Codes 187.167-238, 195.227-014 O*NET SOC Code 39-9032.00

CAREERS IN

RECREATION LEADERSHIP ENHANCE AND ENRICH THE QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH ORGANIZED ACTIVITY “A HEALTHY MIND IN A HEALTHY BODY.” THIS SAYING COULD BE THE MOTTO OF

the diverse group of professionals working in the recreational leadership field. Careerists in this wide-ranging field include extreme sports instructors, national park rangers, summer camp counselors, community recreation center administrators, and outdoor recreation business owners. Whether they work outdoors or in, with adults or children, all recreational leaders work to enhance and enrich the quality of life through organized activity. Are you a sports enthusiast, a nature lover, or a die-hard hobbyist? Do you like working with people, helping them to learn and do new things? In your free time, can you be found working out, or planning

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your next camping adventure? If your answer to any of these questions is an enthusiastic YES, a recreational leadership career may be in your future! Some recreational leaders live fast paced, adrenalin pumping lives as outdoor instructors, teaching others to ski, mountain climb, parasail or participate in extreme sports. Some outdoor instructors are even lucky enough to teach at luxury vacation resorts, on exotic beaches, and on top of cloud covered mountain ranges. If you like working with children, imagine getting paid to play, as a resort or summer camp instructor! These recreational instructors get to use the great outdoors as their classroom. They lead children’s groups in arts and crafts, star gazing, outdoor skills, water sports, and more. These careerists also work hard to instill in children an appreciation and respect for nature. If you enjoy helping others in a more personalized, one-on-one setting, you might want to consider a career as a personal fitness trainer. Personal trainers typically work with just one client at a time. They can be found working at gyms and community centers, but they may also travel to clients’ homes or workplaces. These careerists design workout and exercise programs that are based on each client’s individual health needs and fitness goals. Park rangers work to ensure that each and every park visitor has a safe and enjoyable outdoor experience. Rangers help park guests to enjoy the natural environment by leading hikes, conducting lectures, and enforcing park rules. Rangers work nationwide, at parks both big and small, near thriving cities, and in isolated outposts. Not all recreational leadership jobs involve strenuous activity or outdoor work. Although being a wind surfing instructor on a sun-drenched beach may sound like heaven to some, many careerists prefer a more traditional work setting. There are many opportunities for recreational leaders who want to teach ceramics, watercolor, yoga, tai chi, or aerobics classes at local community centers, such as the YWCA. There are even recreational careerists who prefer to lead from behind the scenes. These administrative personnel perform much of their work from behind a desk or front counter, as camp directors, community center managers, or recreational business owners. They typically plan budgets, supervise employees, promote the use of their

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facility, interact with parents, plan new building and expansion projects, write reports, and raise operating funds. Many recreational leadership jobs, such as winter sports instructor and after-school children’s activity leader, are seasonal or part time. Long hours and low pay may be a part of some entry level recreational leadership jobs. But, instead of being discouraged by this, many choose to enter the field for the chance to work outdoors, the opportunity to travel, or because they want to work with kids. Recreational leaders direct others in organized activities that engage the senses and contribute to a sense of well-being. No matter where, or with whom they work, recreational leaders have the satisfaction of knowing that the work they do helps others enjoy life through productive, worthwhile activity.

WHAT YOU CAN DO NOW IF LEADING OTHERS IN RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY SOUNDS LIKE AN EXCITING,

intriguing job to you, there are many things that you can do now to find out more about this rewarding career! First, visit your local community recreation center and check out the programs offered. Sign up for one that interests you. Observe closely, and you’ll learn first hand what it’s like to lead others in recreational activity. If you tell your instructor about your interest in recreational leadership, your teacher will probably be glad to answer your questions. If you enjoy athletics, why not volunteer to be an equipment manager for your favorite high school sports team? In this position, you will quickly learn whether or not you have what it takes to plan and manage organizational details for a large group. If you like working with children, volunteer for a children’s after-school or summer camp program at your place of worship. You may assist the adult instructors, or you may get to teach an arts and crafts class or lead day trips. If you prefer working with adults, volunteer to be a recreation aide at a nursing home or senior center. Working as a life guard at your high school or city pool is a good way to work on your tan, and make valuable job contacts! If you live close to a state or national park, stop by and let the rangers know you’d like to help maintain the hiking trails – most parks welcome volunteer workers. 4

HISTORY OF RECREATIONAL LEADERSHIP JUST ABOUT EVERYONE ENGAGES IN SOME FORM OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY!

Think of the organized activities that you likely have participated in: Little League, Girl Scouts, church outings, dance class, summer camp, or local parks and recreation programs. Each year millions of individuals participate in favorite recreational pursuits, and try out new and exciting hobbies. Our modern, industrialized society affords us the leisure time and standard of living necessary to indulge in recreational pursuits like camping, arts and crafts, organized sports, and thrill-seeking adventure. Perhaps our need for recreation is written in our DNA. Our desire for involvement in meaningful activity is as old as the human race, and our early recreational pursuits are well documented. Drawings on the caves at Lascaux, France, reveal an early, intense desire to create. Global excavations have unearthed prehistoric pottery, jewelry, and rudimentary sporting “equipment,” further evidence of our need for purposeful activity. It is easy to imagine our ancestors, gathered beside a bright fire, in their precious, free moments, fashioning clay into pots and carving bits of wood into animal figures. The talent of the better craftspeople would have been easily recognized. At first the others would have merely watched these leaders as they worked, but eventually these skilled individuals would have been sought out for their abilities, and given leadership roles. The ancient Greeks long ago realized the link between well-being and leisure and recreation. They summed up their belief with the idea of a “sound mind in a sound body.” Through the years, the need for accomplished individuals to lead and teach recreational pursuits has resulted in a very profitable industry.Today’s recreational leaders can trace the roots of their livelihood back to the rise of organized sport in the mid-1800s. At that time the Industrial Revolution created a burgeoning middle class which began to invest its increasing amounts of free time and money on recreational pursuits. Freed from manual labor, middle class office workers and other sedentary workers turned to recreation as a way of maintaining physical health. Mass manufacturing provided the recreational equipment and goods the public needed to indulge their interests. 5

The YWCA and the YMCA, two of the world’s best known recreational organizations, came into being at this time. The seeds of the modern YWCA were sown in the middle of the 19th century in England. The first YWCAs in America were opened in the late 1850s, in New York and Boston. The YMCA originated in England in 1844. The first YMCA in the US opened its doors in Boston in 1851. Around the turn of the 20th century, the US launched a centralized recreation effort which furthered the leisure and recreation boom. For the next two and a half decades, a construction blitz produced city parks and recreational facilities all across the American landscape. On the heels of this movement, during the Depression, an economic stimulus package again sent the recreation community into overdrive. At this time, the US government committed money to build over 800 parks, more than 100 golf courses, hundreds of swimming pools, and thousands of tennis courts, nationwide. The funds to create over 1000 athletic fields and more than 3,500 recreational facilities were included in this package. In the 1930s, individuals actually spent more money participating in, versus watching, sports. In the late 1930s the seeds of the American Association for Leisure and Recreation (AALR) were sown. Still in existence, this organization provides a stage for recreational leaders to come together, and share their ideas about the field of recreation. The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) is another organization which provides a forum for professionals and volunteers to address recreation and conservation issues. From its carefully laid foundation, organized recreation in the US has experienced a phenomenal rise within the last century. In particular, the field of recreational leadership saw a tremendous growth spurt in the latter half of the 20th century. In the early 60s there was one high adventure school in operation in the US. Currently there are over 10,000 sites nationwide which offer outdoor education. The National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS) is a premier training facility for outdoor recreation leaders. NOLS operates on four continents, including North America. NOLS opened in Wyoming in 1965, with the goal of teaching students to be effective outdoor recreation instructors and leaders. At the end of its first decade, the school had 250 students. Enrollment in NOLS jumped to over 1,500 students in the 70s. By the 80s, NOLS had 6

increased its educational focus to include public outreach, safety, and environmental concerns. At the close of the 20th century, NOLS had over 3,000 enrolled students. The steady incline of NOLS enrollment reflects the public’s seemingly insatiable interest in organized recreation. Toward the latter half of the 20th century, Americans were spending more than $200 billion yearly on recreational pursuits. Given the public’s voracious appetite for recreation, the need for recreational leaders is obvious! The recreation work field is expected to increase from between 10 to 20% within the next decade. Over 150 years ago, technology created the opening that allowed recreation to enter our lives in a way that had not been possible before. Today recreation has become a way of life, and people don’t lose their desire for recreational activity when they leave home. As we move into the 21st century, recreation is becoming an acceptable, and sought after, part of both work and vacation. Because employers recognize the link between a worker’s health and productivity, the workplace gym or health club is becoming as common a sight as the employee cafeteria and parking lot. Likewise, when recreation enthusiasts go on vacation, the last thing they want to do is sit on an idling tour bus or lounge chair at the pool for two weeks. Active individuals increasingly are choosing vacation packages that cater to their desire to remain active. Bike tour vacations, scuba dive boats, mountaineering expeditions, and rain forest adventure travel all offer recreational leadership opportunities that did not exist a generation ago. Today, recreational professionals have their hands full keeping up with the demand for newer, better, and more rewarding recreational activities. As our world becomes ever safer and more manageable, people turn to recreation for thrills, danger, and excitement. Need proof? Remember when paintball, laser tag, and bungee jumping were new and radical adventures? Today they’re mainstream recreational activities. It’s the same with iron man and iron woman competitions. Once the province of extreme athletes, increasingly these competitions are run by weekend warrior athletes. Over time many traditional recreational activities have mutated into more extreme versions, spurred by the consumer’s need for new challenges. Young people today prefer snow boarding to skiing, and 7

roller blading to roller skating. Mountain bikes have overtaken 10-speeds, and power yoga is muscling out traditional meditation. This creative cycle of change represents an occupational boon for recreational leaders. Each new recreational variation brings with it a fresh opportunity to teach and lead others in organized activity. Whether their work leads them to the ends of the earth, or to their neighborhood park field house, there will always be a need for recreational leaders to plan activities for people of all ages. The innovations in recreational activity that have occurred through the years reveal an ongoing, deeply rooted human desire to be involved in meaningful, productive activity. For most people today, the warmth of the campfire, the allure of art, the body’s need for healthy recreation, the desire to create, and the challenge of sport are irresistible!

THE WORK YOU WILL DO RECREATIONAL LEADERS ARE RESPONsible FOR DIRECTING, GUIDING, AND

assisting others in organized activities. Common recreational activities include arts and crafts, outdoor pursuits, and team and individual sports. Recreational participants look to recreational leaders for advice, encouragement, and knowledge. Individuals seek out, and become involved in, recreation for a variety of reasons. Some participants want to maintain or develop their physical fitness and abilities. Others are motivated by a desire for personal growth or mental stimulation. The tasks that recreational leaders perform depend on where, and with whom, they work.

Children’s Camp Counselors and Instructors Children’s camp counselors and instructors lead groups of young people in organized outdoor activities. They may also teach regular classroom courses such as science and math. Children’s summer camps hire staff for the summer months only. Science camps usually operate year round, and hire staff on either a permanent or rotating basis. Children’s camp instructors and counselors use the outdoors as their classroom. These careerists teach young people arts and crafts, outdoors skills, environmental subjects, stargazing, camping techniques, and water safety. When they instruct, children’s camp leaders take the time to teach children how to care for the natural world. They also strive to imbue in children a sense of respect, and appreciation for nature, plants and animals. 8

In addition to their teaching duties, camp instructors are responsible for the safety and well-being of the children in their care. They must be alert for situations that may result in injury to a camper. If an injury occurs away from camp or the camp nurse, the counselor is responsible for treating the camper. The treatment may be routine, such as cleaning and bandaging a shallow cut, or a counselor may have to respond to more serious injury, such as drowning or heat stroke. Because of this, these careerists must be able and willing to perform life saving interventions. Camp personnel are usually required to have CPR and first aid training. Camp instructors and counselors are expected to maintain order among the campers. These careerists must know how to exert fair, but firm, authority. Camp staff are often called upon to mediate student squabbles and discipline campers, and they must remain alert for misbehavior. Young campers away from their families and homes are prone to feeling homesick. It is up to the camp counselor to listen, talk with, and counsel emotional students. A children’s camp leader is really one part teacher, one part parent, and two parts best friend!

Leisure Activity Leader Many recreational leaders teach mentally stimulating leisure time pursuits and hobbies such as ceramics, quilting, painting, drawing, needle arts, and wood carving. These careerists teach adults and children proper crafting technique, and advise students on material and tool selection.

Leisure activity instructors provide students with the know-how to begin, and complete, their projects. These careerists may also assist students in locating the materials they need, help them to adapt craft patterns, and explain or modify pattern instructions. Some leisure activity leaders take courses in education or learning theory, in order to better understand how individuals learn, and to learn motivational techniques. However, a strong and genuine desire to share their knowledge and expertise with others motivates the majority of these careerists.

Personal Fitness Trainer

Although personal fitness trainers may have a large, or even well known, customer base, they usually work with just one client at a time. Fitness trainers help their clients to set and meet personal fitness goals.

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These careerists perform an initial assessment of their clients’ physical abilities, and then help the clients to determine their fitness goals. Some clients want to tone and shape their bodies, others want to increase their physical stamina, and still others simply want to lose weight. It is the fitness trainer’s responsibility to see to it that clients pursue their goals in a safe, yet effective manner. Personal fitness trainers educate clients on proper physical fitness techniques, such as stretching, weight lifting, running, and the use of exercise machines. They advise clients on sound nutritional plans. Fitness trainers may work out alongside their clients, or watch and direct a client’s workout. All fitness trainers seek to encourage and inspire their clients, while at the same time helping their clients work toward realistic goals.

Physical Recreation Instructors Physical recreation instructors

offer beginning, intermediate, and advanced instruction in indoor and outdoor physical activities ranging from the traditional to the extreme. These careerists instruct both children and adults, in individual and group settings. At one end of the spectrum, there are careerists who lead low impact to moderate physical activity such as aerobics, dance, yoga, and tai chi. At the other end, there are instructors who lead students in more exotic or extreme physical activity such as snow boarding, mountain biking, rock climbing, and white water rafting and kayaking. Some careerists are former professional athletes who choose to teach after their careers have ended. Many tennis, golf, skiing, and ice skating instructors, particularly those who work at well-known resorts or schools, fall into this category. But, no matter where, or what, they teach, these careerists must be organized and enthusiastic if they expect to remain in business. Many of a recreational leader’s clientele arrive by word of mouth. Recreational leaders who plan solid lessons, and enjoy working with, and motivating students, get the highest marks! Some physical recreation leaders are expected to market their classes, and recruit students. Some instructors are required to prepare a course budget, and secure the class meeting place.

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All physical recreation instructors place the safety of their students above all else. They must not place their students in danger, and they cannot allow their students to endanger themselves. These careerists must continually monitor their students for signs of stress or exhaustion. If a crisis situation occurs, the instructor is often the first or only person available to administer emergency care. Therefore, most adult physical recreation instructors are required to be CPR and first aid certified.

Recreational Leadership Administrators Recreational program administrators, managers, directors and owners supervise and lead staff who provide direct recreational services. These careerists also supervise office and maintenance personnel.

Recreational program administrators work behind the scenes to insure that their recreational programs run smoothly. Administrators hire and dismiss staff, and they supervise and discipline employees. They choose, and sometimes develop, the recreational programs that are offered. Their duties may also include compiling and overseeing the program’s operating budget. They attend, and run meetings. Recreational program administrators are frequently involved in staff recruitment and retention strategies, and they perform employee evaluations. When internal conflicts or client complaints arise, the administrator must provide a solution. These careerists may also handle public relations duties, including writing press releases and representing the program at community functions.

Education College and university lecturers and professors teach the

courses that students need to graduate with a degree in recreational leadership, leisure studies, and other related fields. Recreational leadership professors provide their students with both knowledge and guidance. In the classroom these careerists lecture, answer questions, and assess their students’ learning. They create lesson plans and tests, and they grade papers and exams.

Outside of the classroom these careerists spend a certain number of hours each week in their on-campus offices. During office hours, students may stop by and talk with their instructors. Some students drop in to ask for clarification of the material they are studying, while some students seek their professors’ advice on career, job, or personal issues. Recreational leadership professors help their students to become effective leaders through a combination of formal instruction, feedback, and encouragement. 11

Professors attend faculty meetings and serve on faculty committees. Doctoral level professors at 4-year institutions are expected to conduct original research, and publish their findings.

Park Ranger Park rangers serve and protect their park, as well as the public citizens who visit the park. Rangers insure the safety of campers and tourists by enforcing the park’s rules. Because rangers are the legal authority in the park, they are licensed to carry a firearm. Park rangers may be called upon to participate in dangerous, yet critical activities such as fire suppression efforts or search and rescue operations. Rangers lead instructional hikes and they are knowledgeable about conservation and wildlife issues. They conduct lectures on local ecology, flora, and fauna. Rangers are often called upon by visitors to answer questions about local landmarks and areas of interest. A park ranger’s duties may include routine work such as collecting entrance fees and handing out site maps. Rangers must cite litterers and rule breakers, and sometimes they have to intervene in arguments or fights. There are times when rangers are responsible for directing traffic, picking up trash, and even cleaning up the park bathrooms!

Recreational Business Store Owner/Manager Recreational

store personnel are the experts that customers turn to when they have questions about, or wish to purchase recreational equipment, clothing, and accessories. These careerists own or manage general or specialized recreational goods stores. Bait and tackle shop owners, scuba dive master centers, sporting goods store managers, and crafts and hobby model store owners, all fall into this category. Store owners and managers put their leadership skills to work each time they advise customers on a purchase. Some recreational activities require a great deal of preparation prior to participation. Before they hit the ice, hockey players must be outfitted with skates and blades, pads, and helmets. Recreational store personnel listen to customers’ needs, then help each customer choose the right equipment based on that individual’s budget, skill level, and personal preferences. Because they advise customers on equipment, tools, and clothing selections, these careerists must stay current with the latest trends in recreational activity. Some careerists enter this field in order to remain close or connected to a sport or activity that they themselves participate in. 12

These careerists work both behind, and in front of, the counter. Recreational store owners and managers must build up a loyal clientele in order to stay in business. They do this by offering competitive prices and friendly service. These careerists do the books and record keeping, interact with vendors, and order, stock, and track store inventory.

WHERE YOU WILL WORK RECREATIONAL LEADERS ARE NEEDED EVERYWHERE THERE ARE PEOPLE WHO

want to be involved in purposeful activity, or learn more about the world around them. Recreational leaders are employed by local, state, and national governments, community organizations, and private industry. As a recreational leader you can choose to work outdoors among the elements, inside the shelter of a climate controlled building, aboard a luxury cruise ship, or close to home at a local fitness center. Vacation and tourist destinations such as upscale resorts, cruise ships, and luxury hotels all employ recreational leaders to meet the fitness and leisure time needs of their guests. Some resorts and hotels hire recreational leaders as part-time auxiliary personnel to lead exercise classes once or twice a day or several times a week. Well-known spas are more likely to hire full-time careerists to teach ongoing, specialized programs such as yoga, meditation, and relaxation techniques. Many cruise ships employ recreational leaders to direct adult aerobics and aquacise groups. Family-themed cruise ships hire recreational leaders to direct children’s activities. Would you rather work closer to home? You’re in luck, because almost every town has a club devoted to health and fitness. Large cities typically have several brand-name gyms and fitness clubs. Smaller towns usually have at least one gym or family owned and operated health center. There are thousands of YWCAs and YMCAs across the United States. All of these facilities need careerists to direct physical activities and leisure pursuits. Personal trainers also find work at recreation centers, gyms, and fitness clubs. But, they also may work in their clients’ homes. If a fitness trainer’s clientele includes high-profile celebrities and athletes, the trainer may be flown out on location, or travel along with clients.

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Park rangers spend their work days outdoors in the fresh air! They work in national and state parks both big and small, near large cities, and in very remote areas. In many smaller parks, the ranger lives at the park, too. A cabin is provided for the ranger and, if necessary, the ranger’s family. Many rangers prefer to work at smaller parks because it saves them both commute time and gas money! Children’s science camp and summer camp counselors and instructors also work in outdoor settings. Kid’s camps are often located in the mountains or in rural areas, where children can interact with, and learn about, the natural environment. Recreational sports instructors can be found working at adult vacation resort chains, or they may be independently employed. These careerists teach vacationers and sports enthusiasts how to safely participate in exciting physical activities such as parasailing, scuba diving, white water kayaking, caving, or mountain climbing. Their places of employment include cloud-topped mountain ranges, sunny beaches, and every locale people visit in order to enjoy physically challenging activity.

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RECREATION LEADERS TELL ABOUT THEIR CAREERS Children’s Camp Instructor “In high school I

thought it would be cool to be an environmental lawyer or lobbyist, and work to protect endangered species. But, before my sophomore year in college, I spent two months working as a volunteer at a children’s summer camp. One sunny day, splashing around with a group of 5-year-olds at the tide pools, something just clicked for me, and I knew that I wanted to work outdoors with kids. I’ve always loved kids, I’m the oldest of five, and all through high school I babysat the neighborhood kids on weekends. When I was 12, I even organized a little theater troupe with the kids on my block. Of course, I was the director! Anyway, I changed my major from political science to liberal arts because I believed I could make a greater impact on the environment, and have more fun, by teaching children how to respect and enjoy nature. After I graduated I went to work at a really big wilderness club back East. It was a year round- operation that catered to families. I lived on-site in a small housing unit with five other instructors. I taught outdoor skills classes and led day hikes. I learned avalanche forecasting, plus I could ski every day if I wanted to. But, after 5 years of really severe winters, I was ready for a change, and I headed back West. Currently I work Monday through Friday as an outdoor science camp instructor. I lead small groups of 5th and 6th graders, who come up a week at a time. I get paid $450 a week, no benefits, and I sleep in a 20-bed, two bathroom cabin with a group of students and two other instructors. My room and board are free during the week, but I live down the mountain on weekends. I teach a mix of outdoor education, skills-based, and recreation programs. My goal is to teach the kids not just about

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photosynthesis or how old the stars are, but to also instill in them an appreciation, and sense of awe, for the natural world. On hikes I teach the kids to recognize poisonous and non-poisonous plants. We collect berries, then use them back at camp in simple recipes. Instead of just reading about science in a book, at camp the kids get to see, touch, even taste their lessons.

I Am a Camp Counselor “I wake the kids at 7, and

help them get dressed and make their bunks. After breakfast I lead 50 minute arts and craft groups in the art barn.

After lunch I teach water safety. I show the kids how to use a life preserver, and we spend two hour sessions in the water. I go over swimming strokes, and we hold mini-races. I also teach canoeing. I instruct the kids in basic paddling strokes, and I show them how to safely load the canoe. There is a nurse in the administration building, but I am responsible for emergencies that happen on the trail or during an activity away from camp. As a counselor I am required to have first aid and CPR certification. I’m also a certified lifeguard. My biggest challenge is keeping the recreation both fun and safe. Once I had a boy show off for his friends by tipping the canoe over. He wasn’t a strong swimmer, and even in shallow water he started to panic. I walk a fine line between disciplining the kids for safety’s sake, and encouraging their natural curiosity and desire to explore. Some of my friends say I get paid to play. But, the reality is that some nights I’m so exhausted I count the minutes till lights out! I’m like a substitute parent, so if one of the kids is homesick and crying, it’s my job to make him feel safe. This isn’t a job for someone who just wants to work outdoors or play volleyball all day. You also have to be really compassionate and care about kids.”

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Community Recreation and Fitness Center Administrator “I was a gym rat in high

school. I ran varsity track for four years, and I played basketball for three years. I applied to five colleges, but I ended up enrolling at the local university because it was the only school that offered me a full track scholarship. I had no idea what I wanted to major in, but I finally decided to go for a degree in physical education, so I could be a track coach. I’ve always liked math, so I took accounting and business courses, too. In college I worked part time at the Y, two afternoons a week, registering new members and answering the phone. The Y was like my second home. Whenever business slowed down, I grabbed a towel and headed straight for the weight machines! In my senior year I took a break from the front desk, and worked as an aide to the youth program instructor. I really liked playing games with the kids, but I also got to experience first-hand the headaches that go along with being responsible for kids. On field trips I had to literally hold their hands, and wipe their noses, and I started to think I liked working behind a desk a lot more. The paper work was logical, and it didn’t talk back! I still wanted to be involved in recreation, but I didn’t want to have to worry every minute about whether some kid was going to do something stupid like imitate The Rock, and break a leg. In the middle of all this, one afternoon the office manager just up and quit. I was shocked when the executive director asked if I wanted the job. I was in my last semester of college, and I could really use the extra money. I ended up working 30 hours a week, typing the director’s correspondence, assisting with grant requests, and writing press releases. I learned more about the business side of things, and actually introduced a cost-cutting measure by changing the way time cards were handled. The director was impressed, and offered me the job of program director one month after I graduated. It was a big step up, but with my business and accounting background, I was sure I 17

could handle it. Now, I supervise, and hire and fire, the recreation instructors, I write grant proposals, and I plan and manage the operating budget. Every week I run a staff training meeting, and I produce the club’s monthly events calendar. I write reports for our board, and I prepare cost estimates for new programs. This year I’m trying to get a day care program started, for low-income families. I’ve been in the job for three years now, and I love almost everything about it. I keep track of which members have not paid their dues, and I plan fundraisers, like our annual chili cook-off. I like crunching the numbers, but I don’t like having to discipline employees who show up late, or not at all. Then again, some days I actually fill in for the fitness instructors who don’t show up, and that’s a blast! The pay, $30,000 a year plus benefits, is average for a mid-level administration job. I could make more working for a large corporation or in private industry, especially if I get a master’s degree in parks and recreation administration, or in business. But, I know everyone here, and I feel like I’m part of an extended family. Having worked my way up, I have a good understanding of how all the parts fit together. I still lift weights here, and when I do, I ask the members what they think of the program. It feels good knowing that I make a difference in the quality of people’s lives. Even though I don’t work directly with the members, as a recreation club administrator I lead my team behind the scenes, and my team is the force that keeps this place running right.”

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National Park Ranger “I grew up in a family that went camping and fishing every weekend. On hikes, I was always the one who picked up the litter. I loved being a Boy Scout! As I got older I became interested in environmental issues. In high school I read lots of nature magazines, and I even convinced my dad to join the Sierra Club. In my junior year my guidance counselor gave me a brochure on forest service careers. I know it sounds funny, but I really liked the uniform and the badge of the national park ranger. I decided I wanted to be a ranger. I was the first in my family to go to college, and my parents were so proud when I told them I had decided to major in environmental science. The competition for ranger jobs is pretty tough, and I figured I needed a real edge if I was going to break into the field. So, in college I worked two summers as a seasonal park employee, doing maintenance and gardening. I also wrote articles on forest conservation for the school newspaper. After graduation I accepted a ranger job at a huge, popular national park. I hired on with a salary in the mid-20s, and I lived in a small studio apartment about 20 minutes from the park. The park was always overflowing, so all I had time for was crowd control. I spent my days patrolling, enforcing park rules and writing out littering citations. It was kind of depressing not being able to fully enjoy nature. Did I mention that I also had to clean out the bathrooms? Park rangers mainly advance through job transfers. During the next seven years I hopscotched around the country, applying for ranger jobs with increased responsibility, and paying my dues. I worked in three more humongous parks, performing routine kinds of tasks like collecting fees and handing out maps at the front entrance. But, every now and then I had the chance to educate the public about fire safety or proper camping techniques, which I really enjoyed.

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Currently I work in a small park off the beaten path, and I hope to retire here. I live on the grounds with my wife, who works in the gift shop. We’ve been here five years. Because the park is remote, there are fewer visitors, and the ones who do come really care about having a quality experience. I get to interact with the visitors in a more relaxed manner, and I have time to prepare and give talks on the local flora and fauna. I have also presented more in-depth lectures on my pet issues, water conservation and wetland preservation. Around here fall is my favorite time of year because the weather is perfect for conducting overnight hikes, where I point out local plants that can be used for food and medicine. I don’t want to make my job seem like paradise, because it isn’t, especially when I have to deal with drunk or rude visitors. I carry a gun because rangers are the legal authority in the parks, but I have never had to use my firearm. A handful of times I have had to separate angry visitors arguing over the same parking space or camping space. There have been times when I’ve wondered if I made the right decision by becoming a park ranger. Not all visitors feel the same way that I do about nature, and that’s frustrating. Some people treat the park like a garbage dump. And, it’s distressing to see some of the resource and management decisions that have been made in the last few years. More and more visitors want to come to the parks, and we need a sound plan that protects the natural environment. But, a lot of park decisions are based on politics, not on the needs of the environment.”

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PERSONAL QUALIFICATIONS IT MAKES SENSE THAT RECREATIONAL LEADERS MUST BE GOOD COMMUNICATORS.

Each work day they encounter and interact with a multitude of individuals, under diverse, and sometimes stressful circumstances. Recreational leaders must feel comfortable using their voice and authority to tell others, with tact and diplomacy, how to get the job done.

Recreational leaders who teach activities such as aerobics, white water rafting, or karate must know how to teach, and correct, others in an encouraging manner. These careerists must also be physically fit themselves. Don’t worry, though, you don’t have to look like Arnold Schwartzenegger to be a personal fitness trainer! Likewise, you don’t need to have a shelf full of trophies in order to teach golf, tennis, or mountain biking. Although your followers will expect you to know more than they do about the activity you are leading, they won’t expect you to be Olympic caliber. What they will care about is that you are knowledgeable and friendly, and that you have what it takes to help them to acquire a new skill. Recreational leaders must also be patient, and willing to work within each participant’s comfort zone. Recreational leaders cannot expect to push or bully participants, and still keep their client base. Outdoor instructors are responsible for the physical well-being of the participants under their leadership. On hikes, in the water, or far away from healthcare facilities, these leaders must be vigilant in order to minimize unsafe situations. Snakebite, drowning, and over exposure to the sun are just a few of the dangerous conditions that recreational leaders must be prepared for. CPR and first aid training are usually required of careerists who lead others in physical activity. Besides being adept communicators, recreational leaders must be able to think logically, and act quickly, in emergency situations. As a designated leader, you can’t panic or fail your responsibilities during dangerous or life-threatening circumstances. In addition to having good verbal skills, recreational leaders who work behind the scenes, as administrators and directors, should enjoy managing and supervising people, and planning budgets. They should be capable of multi-tasking, and paying attention to detail. The best administrators have exceptional organizational skills, and they excel at 21

planning and leading both programs and people. These careerists may not like paperwork, but they accept it as a necessary part of their jobs. Recreational leaders who want to work with children should expect to go through a pre-employment background check, which may include a search of fingerprint and DMV records. Prior to employment, park rangers must pass a physical fitness test, eyesight and hearing tests, and a civil service exam.

ATTRACTIVE FEATURES RECREATIONAL LEADERS HAVE THE SATISFACTION OF KNOWING THAT THE WORK

they do contributes to the enjoyment, and well-being, of others. Depending on their work environment and area of specialization, recreational leaders enjoy many other job perks and benefits.

Recreational leaders who direct or teach physical activities are able to maintain their own physical well-being at the same time they are paid to help others stay fit. Plus, helping people to meet or exceed their goals is exciting for both the student and the teacher. Seeing the light bulb go on when you have helped someone to “get it” is a fantastic feeling! Outdoor recreational leaders have the added bonus of directing activity outside in the fresh air, under the sun, or beneath the stars. During the course of their work day, summer camp counselors, vacation resort instructors, and park rangers are able to enjoy a connection with nature that few people get to feel. Outdoor leaders have the chance to inspire others with their knowledge of, and enthusiasm for the natural world. Recreational leaders who work in a camp setting may be lucky enough to have their meals and housing provided free or at a reduced rate. A very select group of outdoor recreational instructors parlay their skills into a ticket to see the world. Some are lucky enough to earn their living teaching seasonal sports during the summer or winter months in the northern hemisphere, and, when the seasons change, follow the sun or cold down south and teach the same sports in the southern hemisphere.

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Many successful recreational enthusiasts have turned their hobby or passion into a source of income. If you love to fish, why not open a bait and tackle shop? If you like water sports, how about starting a canoe rental business? Have you always dreamed of running your own business? Self-employed means being your own boss. You have independence and enjoy the pride that comes with ownership. Business owners set their own work hours, and they can arrange or decorate their stores the way they see fit. Business owners have the option of hiring a spouse or other family members and friends, and they have a business that they can hand down to their children. At the end of the day, these careerists can take satisfaction in knowing that their success is the result of their own ingenuity and initiative.

UNATTRACTIVE FEATURES YOU MIGHT SAY THAT RECREATIONAL LEADERSHIP IS NOT ALL FUN AND GAMES!

But, the truth is that while every career has a drawback or two, most people in this field do not let the occasional dark cloud dampen their enthusiasm for their work. Many of the jobs in the recreational leadership field are part time or seasonal, and entry level jobs are not typically highly paid positions. If at first you find yourself in this situation, you might need to work another job in order to make ends meet. In today’s job market individuals without college degrees are hired as recreational leaders, and this heightens the competition for some jobs. In particular, the competition for the best park ranger jobs is fierce. Some rangers have reported that the government bureaucracy they encounter can be frustrating. In addition, as more and more people flock to national and state parks, rangers increasingly spend their hours performing crowd control duties, leaving less time for their environmental concerns and interests. Do rainy days and Mondays get you down? Not if you’re an outdoor recreational leader. You will routinely work in weather conditions that many would consider harsh and unpleasant. You can’t complain though, because the people you lead expect you to be on your toes, and in command, 24/7. Even the most ardent camper or nature lover can grow tired of living and working in sub-freezing temperatures, under a blazing sun, or on extreme terrain. If you 23

choose a career as an outdoor recreational leader, know what you’re getting into – there’s no calling in sick from the summit of a 20,000 foot mountain range. Some careerists are always at risk of losing their livelihoods to Mother Nature. Ski resort owners and instructors rely on frigid and frosty weather to make a living. On the other hand, a canoe rental shop owner may go out of business if the skies above his store stay gray and gloomy! Recreational business owners face work challenges of a different nature. Because they are responsible for the bottom line, owners often work much more than 40 hours a week, just to keep the business afloat. Self-employed individuals often take their work home with them, too. Administrators who head programs that are lacking in funds, instructors, or space, must find constructive ways of handling these problems, and the frustration they feel. At some point in their careers, most of these careerists must discipline wayward or hostile employees. Careerists who work with kids are exposed to colds, flu bugs, and childhood diseases like measles and mumps. If kids are in your job description, expect to get your share of their sniffles, or worse. Recreational leaders who direct physical activity, either indoors, or outdoors, must continually monitor their students and themselves for signs of exhaustion or injury. If a participant overdoes it, the recreational leader is responsible for finding or providing the proper help. Both outdoor recreational leaders and participants are at risk for life-threatening injuries such as hyperthermia, hypothermia, poisonous snake bites, and high elevation falls.

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EDUCATION AND TRAINING OVER 300 FOUR-YEAR COLLEGES AND ABOUT 200 TWO-YEAR COLLEGES IN THE US,

offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in parks and recreation programs.

For some recreational leaders, all it will take to land that first job is a high school diploma and some real-world experience. But, motivated students can go on to earn associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees in leisure studies, parks and recreation, physical education, and environmental studies. Careerists interested in teaching and researching at the university level must earn a PhD. Although a college degree does not guarantee that you will land a higher paying job, or secure a job over someone without a degree, many employers value the skills that employees with a college education bring to the workplace. Completing a degree program requires dedication and persistence, and these traits are highly valued in the workplace. The educational and training requirements for recreational leadership jobs vary according to the type of work you perform, and the type of people you choose to work with. Entry level recreation workers often do not need a college degree, or they may have a degree in a non-recreation field such as liberal arts or psychology. Seasonal jobs, such as winter or summer sports instructors, typically have the least formal requirements. For these jobs, employers are looking for individuals with the physical ability and personal qualities necessary to teach others. Within certain job categories, position requirements can vary widely. For some children’s camp counselor positions, a high school diploma will suffice if you have the right type of experience. Other camp programs require that their instructors and counselors have a bachelor’s degree. For very competitive jobs, such as park ranger, a college degree is an important asset. Many outdoor leadership positions require specialized education and training. Wilderness first responder, CPR, first aid, swift water rescue, and lifesaving are just some of the skills for which recreational leaders can gain certification.

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College Programs Colorado Mountain College offers a two year

program leading to an associate’s degree in Outdoor Recreational Leadership. Students in this program have the opportunity to develop both their recreational skills and their leadership ability. Before enrolling, applicants must submit transcripts or ACT scores as evidence of their educational readiness, and they must also pass a physical ability examination. In the first year of study, students participate in outdoor recreation classes, but the academic emphasis is placed on classroom learning. Students take courses on conflict mediation, communication, and safe outdoor travel. They strengthen their communication skills through writing and computer assignments. In the second year students take business oriented classes that are designed to enable them to manage and market outdoor programs. Students also learn how to minimize environmental impact and how to measure participants’ recreational ability. Finally, through experiential course work students gain kayaking, canoeing, skiing, and ice climbing skills. Before they graduate, students at this college are taught water safety, mountain rescue, and emergency response skills. As a part of their degree program, students earn CPR, wilderness first responder, life guarding, and avalanche forecasting certificates. A 135 hour internship is required of all students in this program. At the University of Minnesota, students can earn a bachelor’s in science, a master’s in science, or a master’s in education, all in the field of recreation, park and leisure studies. This school also offers a doctoral degree in education, with an emphasis in recreation, park, and leisure studies. Students enroll in the undergraduate program in order to prepare for entry level management and recreational jobs, and as preparation for advanced study. Students enrolled in the bachelor’s degree program declare an area of emphasis in either therapeutic recreation or leisure services management. The bachelor’s degree program is accredited by both AALR and NRPA. Master’s level students complete 30 semester units including classroom work, internships, and independent study. These students also declare an area of emphasis, including park and recreation services or outdoor recreation/education. The doctoral program is designed for students who wish to pursue teaching and research careers at the university level. Doctoral students are required to write a dissertation. 26

The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) has accredited many parks and recreation bachelor’s degree programs. Bachelor’s degree programs accredited by NRPA offer students the chance to learn more about parks and recreation management, and about the parks and recreation movement’s mission and history. Students in these programs choose an area of specialization, such as outdoor recreation, park management, or camp management.

Professional Certification Individuals who have earned a college degree in a recreational field can apply to NRPA for a Certified Leisure Professional certificate. NRPA also offers a Certified Leisure Technician designation for recreational leaders who have not completed a college degree. Although most recreational field employers do not require that employees have either of these certificates, adding one of these to your resume will help you to stand out from the crowd.

EARNINGS MOST RECREATIONAL LEADERS DO NOT ENTER THE PROFESSION WITH THE GOAL OF

becoming wealthy. But, careerists employed full time definitely earn a living wage, along with the satisfaction of knowing that they have a positive impact on the lives of the people they work with.

On average, recreational careerists employed full time earn about $20,000 annually, with careerists in private industry earning the highest wage. Most full-time careerists earn close to $10 an hour. Full-time recreational leaders usually receive a benefits package. Entry level careerists working in private industry can expect to earn up to $25,000 annually. Salaries for careerists in managerial or administrative capacities are usually significantly higher. Federal park employees can expect to earn approximately $15,000 in their first year of employment. Typically, program directors at a community recreation center, such as the YWCA, earn $25,000 to $45,000 a year, depending on their work experience, and on the size and location of the center. Executive directors at community centers can earn anywhere from $35,000, to over $75,000, a year, depending on the location and size of the company, and the careerist’s job experience.

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An after-school child care instructor typically can earn from $10,000 to $15,000 a year, depending on prior experience. As with most jobs, the work location, as well as the type of duties performed, can influence recreational leaders’ salaries. Fitness trainers employed by nonprofit community centers usually earn an hourly wage from $15 to $25, but self-employed fitness trainers with strong reputations can charge substantially more. Personal trainers who work with professional athletes or well-known celebrities can charge $100 and up, per session. Seasonal employees, such as national or state park laborers and non-contract summer camp staff, may work week to week, or month to month, and live from paycheck to paycheck. Most part-time and seasonal recreational leaders do not receive benefits. Children’s camp counselors can earn anywhere from $500 to $1,500 a month, depending on location, job requirements, and the type of work performed. Some camps offer free, or reduced rate room and board to their employees. Recreational leadership university professors typically start their careers earning a salary in the low to mid $30,000s. Professors’ salaries rise as they earn rank and tenure. Many professors publish books in their area of expertise, but these publications typically do not bring in significant sums of money for their authors.

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OPPORTUNITIES SWIMMING, NATURE WALKS, GAME AND SPORTS PARTICIPATION, FISHING,

jogging, and walking, are among Americans’ top 10 recreational pursuits. Recreational leaders have a role to play in each of these activities. Everyone wants to be young at heart! While recreational activity may not be the fountain of youth, it does keep the mind and body alert and fine-tuned. It seems that every day new research findings reinforce the positive relationship between activity and well-being. This is good news for recreational leaders. Over 200,000 individuals work as recreational employees, excluding seasonal employees. Of these, roughly half work in a government setting. Just over 15% are employed by a membership group such as the YMCA. The remainder work in private, social service, and commercial settings. The recreation work field is projected to grow as much as 20% during the coming decade. Due to budget tightening, the local government job sector may not grow as quickly. The reality is that when jobs in one sector are frozen or reduced, competition becomes tighter for available jobs. Remember, too, that many recreational careerists are temporary or seasonal workers. Job competition in the recreation field can be tight because applicants without degrees, or with a degree in a field other than recreation, are not excluded from employment. Still, in many cases, applicants with experience, a college degree, and/or certified training will be the strongest candidates for employment. It’s true that people may think twice about taking expensive trips to exotic places during an economic downturn, which in turn can erode the need for recreational staff at hotels, resorts and vacation clubs. But, even in tight economic times, people still have a need for recreational activity. Local fitness centers and community centers will remain affordable places of recreation, regardless of the economic climate. There are many things that recreational leaders can do to bolster their economic and job security. Self-employed careerists always have the option of increasing their marketing efforts, expanding their business, or charging more for their goods and services. If recreational instructors are able and willing to relocate, they will find more job openings in larger cities. And, qualified recreational instructors and counselors can advance professionally by stepping up into administrative positions. 29

GETTING STARTED STILL INTERESTED IN A CAREER AS A RECREATIONAL LEADER? THE FIELD WILL

always need qualified, enthusiastic people, like you, who really know their stuff! First, scan the classified ads in your local newspaper. Then, once you’ve gotten a better idea of the local job market, why not check out a few Internet job sites? Doing so will enable you to compare local job requirements, and salaries, with recreational jobs across the country. Even if you have no plans to relocate, viewing a variety of actual job descriptions will help you better evaluate the merits of jobs you are interested in. Next, be sure to make an appointment with your college placement officer. The placement officer is there to guide you as you make the transition from college to the work world. Placement advisors actively search for potential employers for the college’s graduates, and maintain records of these contacts. The placement officer will be able to suggest appropriate businesses and employers for you to send your résumé to. In addition, you will also want to touch base with your past and present instructors and employers. These individuals will be able to offer you up to date professional advice and guidance. Let your contacts know that you are actively pursuing full-time employment. They will no doubt be happy to offer their suggestions and insights on what you may expect in your job search. Of course, before you apply for a job, you must have a knock-out résumé! Buy a résumé guide book or check one out from the library. A good résumé book will have many samples for you to look at. Find one that you like, and tailor your own résumé to this sample. Experiment with fonts and formats on your computer, but remember, nothing too radical or unusual looking. A résumé is a formal presentation of your education and accomplishments, and it is the first impression potential employers have of you. Be sure to print your résumé on good quality bond paper, not plain copy paper. Many employers will also request that you send one, two, or more letters of recommendation with your résumé when you apply for a job. These letters are written, at your request, by your former teachers and employers, as well as people in the community who can attest to your character, ability and qualifications. 30

COLLEGES n

University of Minnesota http://www1.umn.edu

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Colorado Mountain College http://www.coloradomtn.edu

ORGANIZATIONS n

Volunteers in Parks http www.nps.gov/volunteeer/

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Inside the Outdoors www.insidetheoutdoors.com

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Boys and Girls Clubs of America http://bgca.org

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National Recreation and Park Association http://www.nrpa.org

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American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance http://www.aahperd.org

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American Association for Leisure and Recreation http://www.aalr.org

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American Association for Active Lifestyles and Fitness http://www.aahperd.org/aaalf/aaalf_main.html

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National Association for Physical Education in Higher Education http://www.napehe.org

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YWCA http://www.ywca.org

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National Outdoor Leadership School http://www.nols.edu/NOLSHome.html

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Student Conservation Association www.sca-inc.org

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National Parks Conservation Association http://www.npca.org/flash.html

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Association for Experiential Education http://www.aee.org

PERIODICALS n

National Geographic http://www.nationalgeo.com

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Fitness Management http://fitnessworld.com

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Retail Focus http://nsga.orgNSGA

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Paddle Dealer http://www.acanet.org

COPYRIGHT 2006 Institute For Career Research CHICAGO CAREERS INTERNET DATABSE www.careers-internet.org

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