Attention Deficit Disorder

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FER...

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ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER A M EDICAL D ICTIONARY , B IBLIOGRAPHY , AND A NNOTATED R ESEARCH G UIDE TO I NTERNET R E FERENCES

J AMES N. P ARKER , M.D. AND P HILIP M. P ARKER , P H .D., E DITORS

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ICON Health Publications ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, 4th Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. Copyright ©2003 by ICON Group International, Inc. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 4 5 3 2 1

Publisher, Health Care: Philip Parker, Ph.D. Editor(s): James Parker, M.D., Philip Parker, Ph.D. Publisher's note: The ideas, procedures, and suggestions contained in this book are not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. As new medical or scientific information becomes available from academic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies may undergo changes. The authors, editors, and publisher have attempted to make the information in this book up to date and accurate in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of this book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised to always check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dosage and contraindications before prescribing any drug or pharmacological product. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs, herbal remedies, vitamins and supplements, alternative therapies, complementary therapies and medicines, and integrative medical treatments. Cataloging-in-Publication Data Parker, James N., 1961Parker, Philip M., 1960Attention Deficit Disorder: A Medical Dictionary, Bibliography, and Annotated Research Guide to Internet References / James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker, editors p. cm. Includes bibliographical references, glossary, and index. ISBN: 0-597-83575-6 1. Attention Deficit Disorder-Popular works. I. Title.

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Disclaimer This publication is not intended to be used for the diagnosis or treatment of a health problem. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher, editors, and authors are not engaging in the rendering of medical, psychological, financial, legal, or other professional services. References to any entity, product, service, or source of information that may be contained in this publication should not be considered an endorsement, either direct or implied, by the publisher, editors, or authors. ICON Group International, Inc., the editors, and the authors are not responsible for the content of any Web pages or publications referenced in this publication.

Copyright Notice If a physician wishes to copy limited passages from this book for patient use, this right is automatically granted without written permission from ICON Group International, Inc. (ICON Group). However, all of ICON Group publications have copyrights. With exception to the above, copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International Inc. The disclaimer above must accompany all reproductions, in whole or in part, of this book.

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Acknowledgements The collective knowledge generated from academic and applied research summarized in various references has been critical in the creation of this book which is best viewed as a comprehensive compilation and collection of information prepared by various official agencies which produce publications on attention deficit disorder. Books in this series draw from various agencies and institutions associated with the United States Department of Health and Human Services, and in particular, the Office of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (OS), the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), the Administration on Aging (AOA), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Healthcare Financing Administration (HCFA), the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Indian Health Service (IHS), the institutions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Program Support Center (PSC), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). In addition to these sources, information gathered from the National Library of Medicine, the United States Patent Office, the European Union, and their related organizations has been invaluable in the creation of this book. Some of the work represented was financially supported by the Research and Development Committee at INSEAD. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, special thanks are owed to Tiffany Freeman for her excellent editorial support.

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About the Editors James N. Parker, M.D. Dr. James N. Parker received his Bachelor of Science degree in Psychobiology from the University of California, Riverside and his M.D. from the University of California, San Diego. In addition to authoring numerous research publications, he has lectured at various academic institutions. Dr. Parker is the medical editor for health books by ICON Health Publications. Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. Philip M. Parker is the Eli Lilly Chair Professor of Innovation, Business and Society at INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France and Singapore). Dr. Parker has also been Professor at the University of California, San Diego and has taught courses at Harvard University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, and UCLA. Dr. Parker is the associate editor for ICON Health Publications.

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About ICON Health Publications To discover more about ICON Health Publications, simply check with your preferred online booksellers, including Barnes & Noble.com and Amazon.com which currently carry all of our titles. Or, feel free to contact us directly for bulk purchases or institutional discounts: ICON Group International, Inc. 4370 La Jolla Village Drive, Fourth Floor San Diego, CA 92122 USA Fax: 858-546-4341 Web site: www.icongrouponline.com/health

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Table of Contents FORWARD .......................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ............................................................... 3 Overview ....................................................................................................................................... 3 The Combined Health Information Database ................................................................................ 3 Federally Funded Research on Attention Deficit Disorder ........................................................... 5 The National Library of Medicine: PubMed.................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ..................................................... 71 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 71 Finding Nutrition Studies on Attention Deficit Disorder .......................................................... 71 Federal Resources on Nutrition................................................................................................... 72 Additional Web Resources........................................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER............................... 75 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 75 National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine ................................................. 75 Additional Web Resources........................................................................................................... 78 General References....................................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER................................................. 81 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 81 Dissertations on Attention Deficit Disorder ............................................................................... 81 Keeping Current .......................................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ........................................... 89 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 89 Recent Trials on Attention Deficit Disorder ............................................................................... 89 Keeping Current on Clinical Trials ............................................................................................. 97 CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ........................................................... 99 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 99 Patents on Attention Deficit Disorder ........................................................................................ 99 Keeping Current ........................................................................................................................ 103 CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ............................................................. 105 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 105 Book Summaries: Federal Agencies ........................................................................................... 105 Book Summaries: Online Booksellers ........................................................................................ 107 Chapters on Attention Deficit Disorder .................................................................................... 117 Directories ................................................................................................................................. 120 CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER .................................................. 123 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 123 Bibliography: Multimedia on Attention Deficit Disorder ......................................................... 123 CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER ............................... 125 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 125 News Services and Press Releases ............................................................................................. 125 Newsletter Articles .................................................................................................................... 127 Academic Periodicals covering Attention Deficit Disorder....................................................... 128 APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES .......................................................................................... 131 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 131 NIH Guidelines ......................................................................................................................... 131 NIH Databases .......................................................................................................................... 133 Other Commercial Databases .................................................................................................... 135 The Genome Project and Attention Deficit Disorder ................................................................ 135 APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES .............................................................................................. 139 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 139 Patient Guideline Sources ......................................................................................................... 139

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Associations and Attention deficit disorder ...............................................................................147 Finding Associations ..................................................................................................................153 APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS .................................................................................155 Overview ....................................................................................................................................155 U.S. Pharmacopeia .....................................................................................................................155 Commercial Databases ...............................................................................................................156 APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES ................................................................................157 Overview ....................................................................................................................................157 Preparation.................................................................................................................................157 Finding a Local Medical Library ................................................................................................157 Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada .................................................................................157 ONLINE GLOSSARIES ................................................................................................................163 Online Dictionary Directories ...................................................................................................164 ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER DICTIONARY ..............................................................165 INDEX...............................................................................................................................................197

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FORWARD In March 2001, the National Institutes of Health issued the following warning: "The number of Web sites offering health-related resources grows every day. Many sites provide valuable information, while others may have information that is unreliable or misleading."1 Furthermore, because of the rapid increase in Internet-based information, many hours can be wasted searching, selecting, and printing. Since only the smallest fraction of information dealing with attention deficit disorder is indexed in search engines, such as www.google.com or others, a non-systematic approach to Internet research can be not only time consuming, but also incomplete. This book was created for medical professionals, students, and members of the general public who want to know as much as possible about attention deficit disorder, using the most advanced research tools available and spending the least amount of time doing so. In addition to offering a structured and comprehensive bibliography, the pages that follow will tell you where and how to find reliable information covering virtually all topics related to attention deficit disorder, from the essentials to the most advanced areas of research. Public, academic, government, and peer-reviewed research studies are emphasized. Various abstracts are reproduced to give you some of the latest official information available to date on attention deficit disorder. Abundant guidance is given on how to obtain free-of-charge primary research results via the Internet. While this book focuses on the field of medicine, when some sources provide access to non-medical information relating to attention deficit disorder, these are noted in the text. E-book and electronic versions of this book are fully interactive with each of the Internet sites mentioned (clicking on a hyperlink automatically opens your browser to the site indicated). If you are using the hard copy version of this book, you can access a cited Web site by typing the provided Web address directly into your Internet browser. You may find it useful to refer to synonyms or related terms when accessing these Internet databases. NOTE: At the time of publication, the Web addresses were functional. However, some links may fail due to URL address changes, which is a common occurrence on the Internet. For readers unfamiliar with the Internet, detailed instructions are offered on how to access electronic resources. For readers unfamiliar with medical terminology, a comprehensive glossary is provided. For readers without access to Internet resources, a directory of medical libraries, that have or can locate references cited here, is given. We hope these resources will prove useful to the widest possible audience seeking information on attention deficit disorder. The Editors

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From the NIH, National Cancer Institute (NCI): http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/ten-things-to-know.

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CHAPTER 1. STUDIES ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to locate peer-reviewed references and studies on attention deficit disorder.

The Combined Health Information Database The Combined Health Information Database summarizes studies across numerous federal agencies. To limit your investigation to research studies and attention deficit disorder, you will need to use the advanced search options. First, go to http://chid.nih.gov/index.html. From there, select the “Detailed Search” option (or go directly to that page with the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html). The trick in extracting studies is found in the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Journal Article.” At the top of the search form, select the number of records you would like to see (we recommend 100) and check the box to display “whole records.” We recommend that you type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. Consider using the option “anywhere in record” to make your search as broad as possible. If you want to limit the search to only a particular field, such as the title of the journal, then select this option in the “Search in these fields” drop box. The following is what you can expect from this type of search: •

Evaluating and Managing Attention Deficit Disorder in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Source: American Annals of the Deaf. 138(4): 349-357. 1993. Summary: The effective management of children who are deaf or have hearing impairments and who have the added challenge of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) requires a comprehensive and coordinated spectrum of services. A complex array of underlying or associated factors can mimic, cause, or exaggerate the symptoms of ADD. Careful diagnosis is thus essential for developing effective intervention. In this article, the authors present a practical approach to the problem, based on experience with a model treatment program at a residential school for the deaf. Suggestions are provided regarding the diagnostic work-up of children presenting with attention problems.

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Topics covered include management approaches for the classroom, home, and residential arenas; specialized therapeutic intervention; and the use of medication. A model for implementing a treatment program in a school is also presented. 2 figures. 4 tables. 22 references. (AA-M). •

Challenge of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Source: American Annals of the Deaf. 138(4): 343-348. 1993. Summary: In this article, the varying manifestations and sub-groups of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and its impact on the behavior and performance of children who are deaf or hearing-impaired are discussed. The authors examine the prevalence of ADD in this population by a review of the literature and an analysis of studies at a state residential school for the deaf. The prevalence appears to be similar to that reported in hearing children; however, some subgroups of deaf children, such as those with acquired hearing loss, are at greater risk. Recent legislative initiatives concerning the condition are discussed, as are challenges for managing the problem and directions for future research. 2 tables. 30 references. (AA-M).

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Attention Deficit Disorder With Developmental Coordination Disorders Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 79(3):207-212, September 1998. Summary: Swedish researchers conducted a population-based case-control study with 113 children age 6 years, 62 diagnosed with deficits in attention, motor control, and perception (DAMP), and 51 controls without DAMP. The children were living in a small town with rural surroundings. The researchers analyzed the contribution of certain social, familial, prenatal, perinatal, and developmental background factors in the pathogenesis of DAMP. They (1) analyzed data from children's health and medical records; (2) collected information on background factors at interviews with the mothers using a standardized schedule; and (3) used the reduced optimality method to score familial factors, possible nonoptimal factors during pregnancy (including smoking), developmental factors (including early language development), and medical and psychosocial data. Results indicated that low socioeconomic class was common in the group with DAMP. Familial language disorder and familial motor clumsiness were found at higher rates in the DAMP group. Neuropathogenic risk factors in utero were also more common in the children with DAMP. Maternal smoking during pregnancy appeared to be an important risk factor. Language problems were present in two-thirds of the children with DAMP. Sleep problems and gastrointestinal disorders were significantly more common in the DAMP group; atopy and otitis media were not more common in the DAMP group. The authors conclude that prenatal familial and neuropathogenic risk factors contribute to the development of DAMP. The researchers conclude that primary prevention, such as improved maternal health care, and early detection and treatment of associated language problems may be essential. 8 tables, 50 references.

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You May Be Treating Children with Mental Retardation and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in Your Dental Practice Source: Journal of Dentistry for Children. 67(4): 241-245. July-August 2000. Contact: Available from American Society of Dentistry for Children. John Hancock Center, 875 Michigan Avenue, Suite 4040, Chicago, IL 60611-1901. (312) 943-1244.

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Summary: Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) focuses on three main components of the disorder: impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and inattention. In a dental setting, the behavior management of children with ADHD can be challenging. In this article, the authors consider the further complications of providing care to children with both ADHD and mental retardation. Deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming these youngsters with complicating developmental and psychological disorders will continue to increase the demand for dental and medical services by community practitioners. The authors discuss the prevalence of mental retardation, statistics regarding the dual diagnosis, complicating factors (including psychosocial and academic factors), and the practitioner's perspective on providing care to this population. The authors remind readers that more than 85 percent of individuals with mental retardation fall into the 'mild' range. Three appendices offer the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and attention deficit disorder (ADD), and a list of specific dental management considerations for the child with both ADHD and mental retardation. 27 references. •

Management of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Children Source: Access. 8(5): 61-65. May-June 1994. Contact: Available from American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA). 444 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611. (800) 243-2342 or (312) 440-8900; Fax (312) 4408929; E-mail: [email protected]; http://www.adha.org. Summary: This article acquaints dental hygienists with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and the management of children with this disorder. The authors review the literature and provide information on the behaviors exhibited by children with ADHD, methods of evaluation and diagnosis, and management techniques to make oral healthcare visits pleasant and productive. Specific topics covered include the importance of correct diagnosis and comprehensive treatment, drugs used to treat ADHD, timing dental care appointments, and the role of learning disabilities in ADHD. The authors stress that through awareness, dental professionals will be better equipped to provide optimal oral healthcare in an accepting and nurturing environment for these special need patients. One sidebar lists support groups from which patients and professionals can obtain more information. 13 references.

Federally Funded Research on Attention Deficit Disorder The U.S. Government supports a variety of research studies relating to attention deficit disorder. These studies are tracked by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health.2 CRISP (Computerized Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) is a searchable database of federally funded biomedical research projects conducted at universities, hospitals, and other institutions. Search the CRISP Web site at http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/crisp_query.generate_screen. You will have the option to perform targeted searches by various criteria, including geography, date, and topics related to attention deficit disorder.

2 Healthcare projects are funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and Office of Assistant Secretary of Health (OASH).

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For most of the studies, the agencies reporting into CRISP provide summaries or abstracts. As opposed to clinical trial research using patients, many federally funded studies use animals or simulated models to explore attention deficit disorder. The following is typical of the type of information found when searching the CRISP database for attention deficit disorder: •

Project Title: ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER AND EXPOSURE TO LEAD Principal Investigator & Institution: Needleman, Herbert L. Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics; Psychiatry; University of Pittsburgh at Pittsburgh 350 Thackeray Hall Pittsburgh, Pa 15260 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-APR-1990; Project End 1-MAY-2004 Summary: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the commonest psychiatric diagnosis in American children. Its etiology is unknown. We and others have shown that lead at low doses affects attention in children as measured by structured behavioral inventories e.g., reaction time under varying intervals of delay; and by teachers questionnaires. Behavioral and neurochemical studies in rodents and primates given lead support these findings. Whether lead is among the causes of clinical ADHD has not been investigated. This is a case control study of 250 ADHD subjects diagnosed at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic and 250 appropriate controls. Hypotheses to be tested are that lead increases the risk for ADHD, and that lead exposure is associated with increased alcohol and substance use. A comprehensive assessment battery on the ADHD on the ADHD subjects evaluating behavior, cognition, use of alcohol and substances, health and socioeconomic factors has been collected. The comparison sample will be matched in range to the ADHD sample for the following variables: age within one year, gender, ethnicity, single versus two parent household, and parent education. Past history of lead exposure will be measured by K-like x-ray fluorescence, a technique that we have been using for 5 years. ADHD subjects and controls will be evaluated first by Mantel-Haenzel procedures for stratified data, and then by logistical regression, controlling for appropriate co-variates: age. sex, race, family status (e.g., two parents living in home, divorced, never married), family history of ADHD and other psychiatric disorders (SCID), parent education, socioeconomic status, family size, family alcohol use, and family conflict (Conflict Tactic Scale and Dyadic Adjustment Scale). Use of alcohol and substances will be shown to increase the risk for clinical ADHD, an estimation between lead and treatment outcome will be evaluated. If lead is shown to increase the risk for clinical ADHD, an estimation of the proportion of this common problem attributable to a lead would be identified, and an opportunity for authentic prevention of this segment made available. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT OF CHILD ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Loney, Jan; Professor; Lodge Associates Box 9, 5002 Wilson Ave Mayslick, Ky 41055 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 0-SEP-2001; Project End 0-SEP-2002 Summary: (provided by applicant): The aims of this Phase I SBIR application are (1) to provide additional validation data on the Structured Observation of Academic and Play Settings (SOAPS), a research paradigm for assessing the symptom behaviors of Attention Deficit Disorder; and (2) to estimate the validity and feasibility of a new automated, evidence-based version, the Detailed Record of Executive Functions

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(DREFT). The DREFT is a convenient 15-minute analogue procedure that provides an objective assessment of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors. During Phase I, we will update the 1985 SOAPS manual (Roberts, Nilich, & Loney) with findings from our computer archives on 960 clinic-referred and normal boys and girls between 6 and 15 years of age. We will also analyze data on 95 children who have been administered the DREFT, providing validation findings for the new automated procedure and comparing it to the SOAPS in validity, reliability, and practicality. These findings will be assembled in a preliminary manual for potential users of the DREFT. If warranted, during Phase II, we would administer the DREFT to additional clinic-referred children, especially to increase numbers of preschool, female, and minority children; assemble representative standardization data on normal children; and produce a final manual for the DREFT procedure. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: The Detailed Record of Executive Functions (DREFT) is a brief, automated, evidence based behavior observation procedure that could be used routinely by pediatricians, family practitioners, psychiatrists, and psychologists as a cost effective and objective supplement in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and related child and adolescent behavior problems. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen •

Project Title: SEX AND AGE DIFFERENCES IN ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Willoughby, Michael T. Psychology; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Office of Sponsored Research Chapel Hill, Nc 27599 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 5-MAR-2001 Summary: The proposed studies will examine sex differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during the transition from late childhood to adolescence. This research will determine: (1) whether the factor- structure of DSM-IV ADHD symptoms differs for males or females during the transition from late childhood through adolescence, (2) whether DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD under-identify females who experience ADHD related impairment, and (3) whether males and females follow similar developmental trajectories of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from late childhood through adolescence. Collectively these studies will facilitate efforts to refine the diagnostic criteria for ADHD under-identify females who experience ADHD related impairment, and (3) whether males and females follow similar developmental trajectories of ADHD symptomatology during the transition from late childhood through adolescence. Collectively these studies will facilitate efforts to refine the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Important aspects of this proposal include: (1) Secondary data analysis of a high quality, longitudinal, epidemiological data set, (2) Assessing ADHD using DSM-IV criteria that distinguish between inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptom types, (3) Approaching the question of sex differences in ADHD from an explicitly developmental perspective, and (4) Utilizing advanced quantitative methods that address the proposed research questions that do traditional methods. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

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Project Title: TESTING THE VALIDITY OF ADULT ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Principal Investigator & Institution: Faraone, Stephen V. Associate Professor; Massachusetts General Hospital 55 Fruit St Boston, Ma 02114 Timing: Fiscal Year 2001; Project Start 1-JUL-1998; Project End 0-JUN-2003

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Summary: (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Despite increasing media attention, adult Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been systematically studied in large samples. As a result, there has been a debate in the field about the validity of ADHD in adults presenting at mental health clinics. To shed light on this debate, we propose to test hypothesis in one domain of adult ADHD that has received scant attention: its genetic epidemiology. As we review in the background section, there have been only two small pilot studies of the genetic epidemiology of ADHD. Such data are essential to validating the syndrome, creating developmentally appropriate diagnostic algorithms and laying the clinical foundation for genetic linkage studies. To fill this gap in the research literature, we will address the validity of adult ADHD from the genetic epidemiological perspective by testing the following hypothesis for the five main aims of our proposal: 1) Assessing the Familial Transmission of Adult ADHD; 2) Validating Adult ADHD with Molecular Genetic Data; 3) Assessing the Divergent Validity of Adult ADHD; 4) Using Family Study Data to Validate Diagnostic Models of Adult ADHD; AND 5) Creating a Resource for Future Follow-up and Molecular Genetic Studies of Adult ADHD. To acheive these aims, we will complete a double- blind family study of 140 ADHD families and 120 control families. We view our family study strategy as being a valuable investment for several reasons. A large double-blind study of adult ADHD has never been done before. Moreover, because consistent positive associations have been reported between childhood ADHD and two dopamine related genes, the collection of molecular genetic data will allow us to validate adult ADHD at the molecular level. Because we are collecting data about lifetime psychiatric diagnoses, we will be able to determine if other disorders can account for the familial transmission of ADHD or its molecular genetic associations. We will also be able to assess what age at onset criterion and what set of symptom thresholds should be used for the diagnosis of adult ADHD and will be able to define phenotypes and sample selection rules that will maximize the yield of future linkage studies. To maximize the scientific yield of this proposal, we will create a resource for future molecular genetic and follow-up studies of adult ADHD. We will set the stage for these studies by 1) providing a comprehensive baseline assessment for a follow-up study and 2) clarifying the nature of phenotypes and the sample sizes that will be needed for molecular genetic studies. Thus, if founded, we expect that the proposed work will lead to a program of research that can both clarify the nosological complexities of adult ADHD and clarify the nature of genes that are risk factors for the disorder. Website: http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/crisp/Crisp_Query.Generate_Screen

The National Library of Medicine: PubMed One of the quickest and most comprehensive ways to find academic studies in both English and other languages is to use PubMed, maintained by the National Library of Medicine.3 The advantage of PubMed over previously mentioned sources is that it covers a greater number of domestic and foreign references. It is also free to use. If the publisher has a Web site that offers full text of its journals, PubMed will provide links to that site, as well as to sites offering other related data. User registration, a subscription fee, or some other type of fee may be required to access the full text of articles in some journals. PubMed was developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The PubMed database was developed in conjunction with publishers of biomedical literature as a search tool for accessing literature citations and linking to full-text journal articles at Web sites of participating publishers. Publishers that participate in PubMed supply NLM with their citations electronically prior to or at the time of publication.

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To generate your own bibliography of studies dealing with attention deficit disorder, simply go to the PubMed Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” The following is the type of output you can expect from PubMed for attention deficit disorder (hyperlinks lead to article summaries): •

“Why Bao-yu can't concentrate”: attention deficit disorder in the story of the stone. Author(s): Levy DJ. Source: Literature and Medicine. 1994 Fall; 13(2): 255-73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7823631&dopt=Abstract

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A behavioral assessment scale for attention deficit disorder in Brazilian children based on DSM-IIIR criteria. Author(s): Brito GN, Pinto RC, Lins MF. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1995 August; 23(4): 509-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7560559&dopt=Abstract

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A case of Tourette's syndrome with symptoms of attention deficit disorder treated with desipramine. Author(s): Hoge SK, Biederman J. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1986 September; 47(9): 478-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3462186&dopt=Abstract

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A clinical nurse specialist's role in the comprehensive management of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: Children's Health Care : Journal of the Association for the Care of Children's Health. 1985 Winter; 13(3): 139-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10269626&dopt=Abstract

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A comparative study of the efficacy of ACTH4-9 analog, methylphenidate, and placebo on attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis. Author(s): Butter HJ, Lapierre Y, Firestone P, Blank A. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1983 August; 3(4): 226-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6309918&dopt=Abstract

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A comparison of objective classroom measures and teacher ratings of Attention Deficit Disorder. Author(s): Atkins MS, Pelham WE, Licht MH. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1985 March; 13(1): 155-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3973249&dopt=Abstract

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A controlled study of methylphenidate in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type, in adults. Author(s): Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood D, Ward M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1985 May; 142(5): 547-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3885760&dopt=Abstract

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A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Author(s): Linden M, Habib T, Radojevic V. Source: Biofeedback Self Regul. 1996 March; 21(1): 35-49. Erratum In: 1996 September; 21(3): 297. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8833315&dopt=Abstract

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A dose-response and time-action analysis of autonomic and behavioral effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Solanto MV, Conners CK. Source: Psychophysiology. 1982 November; 19(6): 658-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7178383&dopt=Abstract

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A double-blind trial of bupropion in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Casat CD, Pleasants DZ, Van Wyck Fleet J. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1987; 23(1): 120-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3110853&dopt=Abstract

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A family study of patients with attention deficit disorder and normal controls. Author(s): Biederman J, Munir K, Knee D, Habelow W, Armentano M, Autor S, Hoge SK, Waternaux C. Source: Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1986; 20(4): 263-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3806422&dopt=Abstract

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A family-genetic study of girls with DSM-III attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Keenan K, Tsuang MT. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1991 January; 148(1): 112-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1984694&dopt=Abstract

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A general population screen for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Satin MS, Winsberg BG, Monetti CH, Sverd J, Foss DA. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985 November; 24(6): 756-64. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4067144&dopt=Abstract

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A neuroanatomical and biochemical basis for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children: a defect in tonic adrenaline mediated inhibition of locus coeruleus stimulation. Author(s): Mefford IN, Potter WZ. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1989 May; 29(1): 33-42. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2546021&dopt=Abstract

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A note on the distinction between attention deficit disorder and reading disability: are there group-specific cognitive deficits? Author(s): Share DL, Schwartz S. Source: Brain and Language. 1988 July; 34(2): 350-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3401698&dopt=Abstract

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A preliminary study of the relationship between central auditory processing disorder and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cook JR, Mausbach T, Burd L, Gascon GG, Slotnick HB, Patterson B, Johnson RD, Hankey B, Reynolds BW. Source: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : Jpn. 1993 May; 18(3): 130-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8499429&dopt=Abstract

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A prospective study of delinquency in 110 adolescent boys with attention deficit disorder and 88 normal adolescent boys. Author(s): Satterfield JH, Hoppe CM, Schell AM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1982 June; 139(6): 795-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7081495&dopt=Abstract

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A review of studies of drug treatment efficacy for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in adolescents. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(2): 216-21. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2860692&dopt=Abstract

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Abnormal auditory P300 topography in attention deficit disorder predicts poor response to pemoline. Author(s): Sangal JM, Sangal RB, Persky B. Source: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1995 October; 26(4): 204-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8575100&dopt=Abstract


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Active drug placebo trial of methylphenidate--a clinical service for children with an attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Fine S, Jewesson B. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1989 June; 34(5): 447-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2670175&dopt=Abstract

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Adaptive will: the evolution of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lakoff A. Source: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 2000 Spring; 36(2): 149-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10797349&dopt=Abstract

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Adult attention deficit disorder and child abuse. Author(s): Harris MJ, Ginn D. Source: The Medical Journal of Australia. 1999 October 4; 171(7): 387. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10590730&dopt=Abstract

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Adult attention deficit disorder in the United Kingdom. Author(s): Riddall MW. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1996 April; 184(4): 257-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8604038&dopt=Abstract

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Adult attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Hart RH. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1988 August 19; 260(7): 924. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3398192&dopt=Abstract

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Adults and adolescents with attention deficit disorder: clinical and behavioral responses to psychostimulants. Author(s): Yellin AM, Hopwood JH, Greenberg LM. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1982 April; 2(2): 133-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7076878&dopt=Abstract

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Age and education effects in the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder, residual type in an alcoholic population. Author(s): Horton AM Jr, Slone DG, Fiscella R. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1987 April; 33(3-4): 175-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3496315&dopt=Abstract

Studies 13

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Alcohol abuse and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Manshadi M, Lippmann S, O'Daniel RG, Blackman A. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1983 October; 44(10): 379-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6643399&dopt=Abstract

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Alcoholism and attention deficit disorder: MMPI correlates. Author(s): Vaeth JM, Horton AM Jr, Koretzky M, Shapiro S, Civiello C, Anilane J. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1989 March; 45(1-2): 75-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2714943&dopt=Abstract

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Allergic disorders and attention deficit disorder in children. Author(s): McGee R, Stanton WR, Sears MR. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1993 February; 21(1): 79-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8463506&dopt=Abstract

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Alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in heroin addicts with and without previous attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity and conduct disorder. Author(s): Gerra G, Caccavari R, Fontanesi B, Delsignore R, Fertonani-Affini G, Marcato A, Maestri D, Avanzini P, Perna G, Brambilla F. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1994; 30(1): 15-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7969853&dopt=Abstract

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Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(1): 146-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3885291&dopt=Abstract

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Amino acid supplementation as therapy for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Nemzer ED, Arnold LE, Votolato NA, McConnell H. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 July; 25(4): 509-13. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3528266&dopt=Abstract

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An attention deficit disorder primer. Author(s): Nighorn S. Source: Nurs Spectr (Wash D C). 1997 September 22; 7(19): 17. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9439306&dopt=Abstract

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An evaluation of the validity of the diagnostic category of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Rubinstein RA, Brown RT. Source: The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1984 July; 54(3): 398-414. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6465292&dopt=Abstract


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An indication for use of imipramine in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cox WH Jr. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1982 August; 139(8): 1059-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7091433&dopt=Abstract

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An individual double-blind crossover trial for assessing methylphenidate response in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): McBride MC. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1988 July; 113(1 Pt 1): 137-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3290413&dopt=Abstract

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An investigation of executive processes in the problem-solving of attention deficit disorder-hyperactive children. Author(s): Hamlett KW, Pellegrini DS, Conners CK. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1987 June; 12(2): 227-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2886575&dopt=Abstract

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An investigation of frontal executive dysfunction in attention deficit disorder subgroups. Author(s): Kemp SL, Kirk U. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1993 June 14; 682: 363-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8323137&dopt=Abstract

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An open trial of L-tyrosine in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Reimherr FW, Wender PH, Wood DR, Ward M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987 August; 144(8): 1071-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3300376&dopt=Abstract

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An open trial of pargyline in the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Wender PH, Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Ward M. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1983 August; 9(4): 329-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6359210&dopt=Abstract

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Antidepressants in childhood attention deficit disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Author(s): Rapoport JL. Source: Psychosomatics. 1986 November; 27(11 Suppl): 30-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3797619&dopt=Abstract

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Anxiety and depressive disorders in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: new findings. Author(s): Jensen PS, Shervette RE 3rd, Xenakis SN, Richters J. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1993 August; 150(8): 1203-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8328565&dopt=Abstract

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Are attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity similar or dissimilar disorders? Author(s): Lahey BB, Schaughency EA, Strauss CC, Frame CL. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 May; 23(3): 302-9. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6736495&dopt=Abstract

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Aspartame and attention deficit disorder (ADD) Author(s): Krohn JA. Source: Pediatrics. 1994 October; 94(4 Pt 1): 576. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7936879&dopt=Abstract

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Aspartame, behavior, and cognitive function in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz BA, Sullivan CM, Anderson GM, Gillespie SM, Sullivan B, Shaywitz SE. Source: Pediatrics. 1994 January; 93(1): 70-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7505423&dopt=Abstract

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Aspects of psychotherapy with adults with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Bemporad JR. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 June; 931: 302-9. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11462749&dopt=Abstract

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Assessing and treating attention deficit disorder in adolescents. The clinical application of a single-case research design. Author(s): Kutcher SP. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1986 December; 149: 710-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3539250&dopt=Abstract

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Assessing response to methylphenidate for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Wolraich M. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1989 May; 114(5): 902-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2715907&dopt=Abstract


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Assessment of attention deficit disorder using a thematic apperception technique. Author(s): Costantino G, Colon-Malgady G, Malgady RG, Perez A. Source: Journal of Personality Assessment. 1991 August; 57(1): 87-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1920038&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder ('minimal brain dysfunction') in adults. A replication study of diagnosis and drug treatment. Author(s): Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1981 April; 38(4): 449-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7011250&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder (the hyperactivity syndrome): a review of selected issues. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1984 October; 5(5): 254-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6149232&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and age of onset of problem behaviors. Author(s): McGee R, Williams S, Feehan M. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1992 October; 20(5): 487-502. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1487592&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and allergy: a neurochemical model of the relation between the illnesses. Author(s): Marshall P. Source: Psychological Bulletin. 1989 November; 106(3): 434-46. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2682719&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and childhood hyperactivity: changing scene. Author(s): Clemmens RL, Kaiser TH, Kenny TJ. Source: Md State Med J. 1983 June; 32(6): 445-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6876892&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: longitudinal evidence for a familial subtype. Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Jetton JG, Tsuang MT. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1997 March; 27(2): 291-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9089822&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and depression. Author(s): Pugh DD. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987 October; 144(10): 1366. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3661780&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and food intolerance. Author(s): Dolovich J. Source: Cmaj : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'association Medicale Canadienne. 1992 December 15; 147(12): 1755. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1458409&dopt=Abstract

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Attention Deficit Disorder and hospitalization due to injury among older adolescents in New South Wales, Australia. Author(s): Lam LT. Source: J Atten Disord. 2002 September; 6(2): 77-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12142864&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity--changes in hypothalamic function in hyperactive children: a new model. Author(s): Peled O, Carraso R, Globman H, Yehuda S. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1997 March; 48(3): 267-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9140892&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and hyperkinesis. Author(s): Taylor EA. Source: Indian J Pediatr. 1984 March-April; 51(409): 193-204. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6500650&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and methylphenidate: a multilevel analysis of doseresponse effects on children's impulsivity across settings. Author(s): Rapport MD, Stoner G, DuPaul GJ, Kelly KL, Tucker SB, Schoeler T. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 January; 27(1): 60-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3343208&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and methylphenidate: a multi-step analysis of doseresponse effects on children's cardiovascular functioning. Author(s): Kelly KL, Rapport MD, DuPaul GJ. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1988 April; 3(2): 167-81. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3294285&dopt=Abstract


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Attention deficit disorder and methylphenidate: normalization rates, clinical effectiveness, and response prediction in 76 children. Author(s): Rapport MD, Denney C, DuPaul GJ, Gardner MJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1994 July-August; 33(6): 882-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8083146&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and pathological gambling. Author(s): Carlton PL, Manowitz P, McBride H, Nora R, Swartzburg M, Goldstein L. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1987 December; 48(12): 487-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3693334&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and specific reading disability: separate but often overlapping disorders. Author(s): Dykman RA, Ackerman PT. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 February; 24(2): 96-103. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2010680&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and the effect of methylphenidate on attention, behavioral, and cardiovascular functioning. Author(s): Brown RT, Wynne ME, Slimmer LW. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1984 November; 45(11): 473-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6386794&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder and the mediating effect of age on academic and behavioral variables. Author(s): Nussbaum NL, Grant ML, Roman MJ, Poole JH, Bigler ED. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1990 February; 11(1): 22-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2303554&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder beyond childhood. Author(s): Lordi WM. Source: Va Med. 1984 September; 111(9): 574-5. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6495825&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder children with or without hyperactivity. Which behaviors are helped by stimulants? Author(s): Ullmann RK, Sleator EK. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1985 October; 24(10): 547-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4028613&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder diagnosis. Author(s): Xenakis SN. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 2003 April; 103(4): 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12705263&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder during adolescence: a review. Author(s): Faigel HC, Sznajderman S, Tishby O, Turel M, Pinus U. Source: The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 1995 March; 16(3): 174-84. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7779826&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in adolescents. Author(s): Silver LB, Brunstetter RW. Source: Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1986 June; 37(6): 608-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3721420&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in adults and nicotine dependence: psychobiological factors in resistance to recovery? Author(s): Coger RW, Moe KL, Serafetinides EA. Source: J Psychoactive Drugs. 1996 July-September; 28(3): 229-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8895108&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in adults. Author(s): Pary R, Lewis S, Matuschka PR, Rudzinskiy P, Safi M, Lippmann S. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 2002 June; 14(2): 105-11. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12238735&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in childhood. Author(s): Meller W, Lyle K. Source: Primary Care. 1987 December; 14(4): 745-59. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3324132&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in children at risk for anxiety and depression. Author(s): McClellan JM, Rubert MP, Reichler RJ, Sylvester CE. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1990 July; 29(4): 534-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2387787&dopt=Abstract


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Attention deficit disorder in children: a neglect syndrome? Author(s): Voeller KK, Heilman KM. Source: Neurology. 1988 May; 38(5): 806-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3362382&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in children: three clinical variants. Author(s): de Quiros GB, Kinsbourne M, Palmer RL, Rufo DT. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1994 October; 15(5): 311-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7868698&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in college students: facts, fallacies, and treatment. Author(s): Faigel HC. Source: Journal of American College Health : J of Ach. 1995 January; 43(4): 147-55. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7860870&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in reading-disabled twins: evidence for a genetic etiology. Author(s): Gillis JJ, Gilger JW, Pennington BF, DeFries JC. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1992 June; 20(3): 303-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1377727&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder in three pairs of monozygotic twins: a case report. Author(s): Heffron WA, Martin CA, Welsh RJ. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 May; 23(3): 299-301. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6539792&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder is a chronic problem. Author(s): Hersher L. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1987 March; 141(3): 239-40. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2880500&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder psychosis as a diagnostic category. Author(s): Bellak L, Kay SR, Opler LA. Source: Psychiatr Dev. 1987 Autumn; 5(3): 239-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3454965&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder psychosis: psychometric distinction from schizophrenia. Author(s): Kay SR, Bellak L. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1986 April; 62(2): 510. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3503258&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder symptoms and urine catecholamines. Author(s): Rogeness GA, Maas JW, Javors MA, Macedo CA, Fischer C, Harris WR. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1989 March; 27(3): 241-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2469096&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: a review and comparison of matched groups. Author(s): Cantwell DP, Baker L. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 May; 31(3): 432-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1592774&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: clinical response to three dose levels of methylphenidate. Author(s): Barkley RA, DuPaul GJ, McMurray MB. Source: Pediatrics. 1991 April; 87(4): 519-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2011430&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: comparison of behavioral characteristics of clinic-referred children. Author(s): Lahey BB, Schaughency EA, Hynd GW, Carlson CL, Nieves N. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 September; 26(5): 718-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3667501&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: reaction time and speed of cognitive processing. Author(s): Hynd GW, Nieves N, Connor RT, Stone P, Town P, Becker MG, Lahey BB, Lorys AR. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1989 November; 22(9): 573-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2809410&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with developmental coordination disorders. Author(s): Landgren M, Kjellman B, Gillberg C. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1998 September; 79(3): 207-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9875014&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH): the contribution of catecholaminergic activity. Author(s): Oades RD. Source: Progress in Neurobiology. 1987; 29(4): 365-91. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3039581&dopt=Abstract


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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity among paediatric outpatients. Author(s): Bhatia MS, Nigam VR, Bohra N, Malik SC. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1991 January; 32(2): 297-306. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2033110&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and methylphenidate: the effects of dose and mastery level on children's learning performance. Author(s): Rapport MD, Quinn SO, DuPaul GJ, Quinn EP, Kelly KL. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1989 December; 17(6): 669-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2607058&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and the dopamine hypothesis: case presentations with theoretical background. Author(s): Sokol MS, Campbell M, Goldstein M, Kriechman AM. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 May; 26(3): 428-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3597301&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a critique. Author(s): Prior M, Sanson A. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1986 May; 27(3): 307-19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3733914&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a specific hypothesis of reward dysfunction. Author(s): Haenlein M, Caul WF. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 May; 26(3): 356-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3597291&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: differential effects of methylphenidate on impulsivity. Author(s): Rapport MD, DuPaul GJ, Stoner G, Birmingham BK, Masse G. Source: Pediatrics. 1985 December; 76(6): 938-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4069863&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: normative data for Conners behavior rating scale. Author(s): Adams RM, Macy DJ, Kocsis JJ, Sullivan AR. Source: Tex Med. 1984 September; 80(9): 58-61. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6484868&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: a distinct behavioral and neurocognitive syndrome. Author(s): Hynd GW, Lorys AR, Semrud-Clikeman M, Nieves N, Huettner MI, Lahey BB. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 1991; 6 Suppl: S37-43. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2002215&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder, alcoholism, and drug abuse: MMPI correlates. Author(s): Vaeth JM, Horton AM Jr, Ahadpour M. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1992 March; 63(1-2): 115-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1342023&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder, amphetamine, and pregnancy. Author(s): Shangraw RE, Seminer SJ, Zarr ML. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1985 August; 20(8): 926-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4027306&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): O'Rourke SB. Source: The American Journal of Nursing. 2003 August; 103(8): 14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12918527&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Kane M. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 November; 24(9): 517. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1765726&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Pediatrics. 1985 October; 76(4): 623-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4047808&dopt=Abstract


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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Wright GF. Source: The Journal of School Health. 1982 February; 52(2): 119-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6916045&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Auster S. Source: Pediatrics. 1999 December; 104(6): 1419. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10610502&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Weaver A. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1996 October; 169(4): 523. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8894209&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Levy F. Source: The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 December; 28(4): 693. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7794215&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Sato T. Source: J Indiana State Med Assoc. 1982 December; 75(12): 861-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7153529&dopt=Abstract

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Attention Deficit Disorder. A guide for the practitioner. Author(s): Karniski W. Source: J Fla Med Assoc. 1983 April; 70(4): 257-61. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6133906&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: a bibliography (contains references from 1976 to present; earlier citations appear in some sections.). Author(s): Reatig N. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1984 Fall; 20(4): 693-718. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6387761&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: a review of the past 10 years. Author(s): Cantwell DP. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 August; 35(8): 978-87. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8755794&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: an overview. Author(s): Rasbury WC. Source: Henry Ford Hosp Med J. 1988; 36(4): 212-6. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3074966&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: association with familial-genetic factors. Author(s): Gross-Tsur V, Shalev RS, Amir N. Source: Pediatric Neurology. 1991 July-August; 7(4): 258-61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1930416&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: current perspectives. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Pediatric Neurology. 1987 May-June; 3(3): 129-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3334012&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: diagnosis, prevalence, management and outcome. Author(s): Gillberg C. Source: Pediatrician. 1986; 13(2-3): 108-18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3822946&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: evaluation and treatment. Author(s): Dulcan MK. Source: Pediatric Annals. 1985 May; 14(5): 383-5, 388-90, 393-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2860631&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: is there a doctor in the house? Author(s): Rasch BW. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994 September; 151(9): 1397. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8067504&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorder: quantitative analysis of CT. Author(s): Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Byrne T, Cohen DJ, Rothman S. Source: Neurology. 1983 November; 33(11): 1500-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6685244&dopt=Abstract


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Attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity and academic failure: which comes first and what should be treated? Author(s): McGee R, Share DL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 May; 27(3): 318-25. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3288613&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders and depression. Author(s): Lord G, Barthel RP. Source: Pediatrics. 1989 October; 84(4): 748-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2780144&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders and sleep/arousal disturbance. Author(s): Brown TE, McMullen WJ Jr. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 June; 931: 271-86. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11462746&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders and the hyperactivities in multiply disabled children. Author(s): Fisher W, Burd L, Kuna DP, Berg D. Source: Rehabil Lit. 1985 September-October; 46(9-10): 250-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4070779&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders in adults. Author(s): Gualtieri CT, Ondrusek MG, Finley C. Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1985; 8(4): 343-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4075304&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders in children and adolescents. Author(s): Rostain AL. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1991 June; 38(3): 607-35. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2047142&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders persisting in adulthood: a review. Author(s): Amado H, Lustman PJ. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1982 July-August; 23(4): 300-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7116826&dopt=Abstract

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Attention deficit disorders: a bibliography (contains references from 1/1/84 to 9/30/85). Author(s): Reatig N. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(2): 532-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3534920&dopt=Abstract

Studies 27

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Attention deficit disorders: a study of peptide-containing urinary complexes. Author(s): Hole K, Lingjaerde O, Morkrid L, Boler JB, Saelid G, Diderichsen J, Ruud E, Reichelt KL. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1988 August; 9(4): 205-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3216000&dopt=Abstract

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Attentional and perceptual disturbances in children with Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, and epilepsy. Author(s): Harcherik DF, Carbonari CM, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ. Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1982; 8(2): 356-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6955943&dopt=Abstract

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BAEP studies in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lahat E, Avital E, Barr J, Berkovitch M, Arlazoroff A, Aladjem M. Source: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1995 February; 37(2): 119-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7851667&dopt=Abstract

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Behavioral effects of low-dose methylphenidate in childhood attention deficit disorder: implications for a mechanism of stimulant drug action. Author(s): Solanto MV. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 January; 25(1): 96-101. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3950273&dopt=Abstract

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Behavioral restraint and symptoms of attention deficit disorder in alcoholics and pathological gamblers. Author(s): Carlton PL, Manowitz P. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1992; 25(1): 44-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1603293&dopt=Abstract

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Bibliography on rating and assessment instruments for attention deficit disorder (ADD) (years covered: 1976-1984). Author(s): Reatig N. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(4): 929-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3911251&dopt=Abstract

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Biological studies in adult attention deficit disorder: case report. Author(s): Plotkin D, Halaris A, DeMet EM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1982 December; 43(12): 501-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7161251&dopt=Abstract


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Blunted catecholamine responses after glucose ingestion in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Girardi NL, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Marchione K, Fleischman SJ, Jones TW, Tamborlane WV. Source: Pediatric Research. 1995 October; 38(4): 539-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8559606&dopt=Abstract

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Brain morphology in developmental dyslexia and attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity. Author(s): Hynd GW, Semrud-Clikeman M, Lorys AR, Novey ES, Eliopulos D. Source: Archives of Neurology. 1990 August; 47(8): 919-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2375699&dopt=Abstract

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Bupropion hydrochloride in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Conners CK, Casat CD, Gualtieri CT, Weller E, Reader M, Reiss A, Weller RA, Khayrallah M, Ascher J. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 October; 35(10): 1314-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8885585&dopt=Abstract

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Bupropion in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Casat CD, Pleasants DZ, Schroeder DH, Parler DW. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1989; 25(2): 198-201. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2513592&dopt=Abstract

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Can we differentially diagnose an attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity from a central auditory processing problem? Author(s): Moss WL, Sheiffele WA. Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 1994 Winter; 25(2): 85-96. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7842833&dopt=Abstract

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Cardiovascular effects of desipramine in children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Biederman J, Gastfriend D, Jellinek MS, Goldblatt A. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1985 June; 106(6): 1017-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3998940&dopt=Abstract

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Case study: maternal residual attention deficit disorder associated with failure to thrive in a two-month-old infant. Author(s): Daly JM, Fritsch SL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 January; 34(1): 55-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7860457&dopt=Abstract

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Catecholamine metabolism in the attention deficit disorder: implications for the use of amino acid precursor therapy. Author(s): McConnell H. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1985 August; 17(4): 305-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4046902&dopt=Abstract

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Central auditory processing and attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Gascon GG, Johnson R, Burd L. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 1986 January; 1(1): 27-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3598105&dopt=Abstract

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Cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid in adults with attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Reimherr FW, Wender PH, Ebert MH, Wood DR. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1984 January; 11(1): 71-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6200893&dopt=Abstract

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Child psychopathology and parenting stress in girls and boys having attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Breen MJ, Barkley RA. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1988 June; 13(2): 265-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3171819&dopt=Abstract

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Chromosome 2 interstitial deletion (del(2)(q14.1q21)) associated with connective tissue laxity and an attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Baker KL, Rees MI, Thompson PW, Howell RT, Cole TR, Houghes HE, Upadhyaya M, Ravine D. Source: Journal of Medical Genetics. 2001 July; 38(7): 493-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11476069&dopt=Abstract

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Classroom social interactions of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity children as a function of stimulant medication. Author(s): Wallander JL, Schroeder SR, Michelli JA, Gualtieri CT. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1987 March; 12(1): 61-76. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3553519&dopt=Abstract


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Clinical and cognitive effects of methylphenidate on children with attention deficit disorder as a function of aggression/oppositionality and age. Author(s): Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Fitzpatrick PA, Borgstedt AD, Strauss J. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1994 May; 103(2): 206-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8040490&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical effects of a controlled trial of methylphenidate on adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Fitzpatrick PA, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1990 September; 29(5): 702-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2228922&dopt=Abstract

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Clinical utility of animal models of childhood hyperkinesis. Author(s): Camp JA, Winsberg BG. Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1984; 7(3): 185-221. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6149019&dopt=Abstract

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Clonidine benefits children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: report of a double-blind placebo-crossover therapeutic trial. Author(s): Hunt RD, Minderaa RB, Cohen DJ. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985 September; 24(5): 617-29. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3900182&dopt=Abstract

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Cocaine abuse and adult attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cocores JA, Davies RK, Mueller PS, Gold MS. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1987 September; 48(9): 376-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3624209&dopt=Abstract

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Cocaine abuse, attention deficit disorder, and bipolar disorder. Author(s): Cocores JA, Patel MD, Gold MS, Pottash AC. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1987 July; 175(7): 431-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3598571&dopt=Abstract

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Coexistence of childhood onset pervasive developmental disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Geller B, Guttmacher LB, Bleeg M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1981 March; 138(3): 388-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7468843&dopt=Abstract

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Cognitive deficits in reading disability and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Felton RH, Wood FB. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1989 January; 22(1): 3-13, 22. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2703785&dopt=Abstract

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Cognitive event-related potentials in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Klorman R. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 March; 24(3): 130-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2026954&dopt=Abstract

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Cognitive styles of school-age children showing attention deficit disorders with hyperactivity. Author(s): Stoner SB, Glynn MA. Source: Psychological Reports. 1987 August; 61(1): 119-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3671598&dopt=Abstract

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Coincidence of attention deficit disorder and atopic disorders in children: empirical findings and hypothetical background. Author(s): Roth N, Beyreiss J, Schlenzka K, Beyer H. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1991 February; 19(1): 1-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2030244&dopt=Abstract

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Combination of neuroleptic and stimulant treatment in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Weizman A, Weitz R, Szekely GA, Tyano S, Belmaker RH. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 May; 23(3): 295-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6145738&dopt=Abstract

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Comment on Tarnowski, Prinz, and Nay (1986): no evidence for differential diagnostic validity of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH). Author(s): Share DL. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1988 August; 97(3): 374-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3192834&dopt=Abstract

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Comorbidity: a critical issue in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 1991; 6 Suppl: S13-22. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2002212&dopt=Abstract


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Comparing classroom and clinic measures of attention deficit disorder: differential, idiosyncratic, and dose-response effects of methylphenidate. Author(s): Rapport MD, DuPaul GJ, Stoner G, Jones TJ. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986 June; 54(3): 334-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3522683&dopt=Abstract

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Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention deficit disorders in a German elementary school sample. Author(s): Baumgaertel A, Wolraich ML, Dietrich M. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1995 May; 34(5): 629-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7775358&dopt=Abstract

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Compliance with pharmacological and cognitive treatments for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Brown RT, Borden KA, Wynne ME, Spunt AL, Clingerman SR. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 July; 26(4): 521-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3654504&dopt=Abstract

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Components of attention, methylphenidate dosage, and blood levels in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Sebrechts MM, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Jatlow P, Anderson GM, Cohen DJ. Source: Pediatrics. 1986 February; 77(2): 222-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3945535&dopt=Abstract

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Comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity as defined by research criteria. Author(s): Barkley RA, DuPaul GJ, McMurray MB. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1990 December; 58(6): 775-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2292627&dopt=Abstract

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Conditional probabilities of child interview symptoms in the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Landau S, Milich R, Widiger TA. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1991 March; 32(3): 501-13. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2061369&dopt=Abstract

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Conduct and oppositional disorder in clinically referred children with attention deficit disorder: a controlled family study. Author(s): Biederman J, Munir K, Knee D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 September; 26(5): 724-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3667502&dopt=Abstract

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Controversial approaches to treating learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Silver LB. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1986 October; 140(10): 1045-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2875647&dopt=Abstract

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Controversies continue in the treatment of learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cohen MW. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1986 October; 140(10): 986-7. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3752032&dopt=Abstract

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Correlates of family functioning when a child has attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lewis-Abney K. Source: Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing. 1993 July-September; 16(3): 175-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8119837&dopt=Abstract

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Correlates, associated impairments and patterns of service utilization of children with attention deficit disorder: findings from the Ontario Child Health Study. Author(s): Szatmari P, Offord DR, Boyle MH. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1989 March; 30(2): 205-17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2468679&dopt=Abstract

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Correspondence between DSM-II hyperkinetic reaction and DSM-III attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lynn DJ, Mirkin IR, Lanese DM, Schmidt HS, Arnold LE. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1983 July; 22(4): 349-50. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6875129&dopt=Abstract

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Current practice in the management of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD). Author(s): Parr JR, Ward A, Inman S. Source: Child: Care, Health and Development. 2003 May; 29(3): 215-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12752612&dopt=Abstract


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Depression and symptoms of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Jensen JB, Burke N, Garfinkel BD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 November; 27(6): 742-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3198561&dopt=Abstract

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Desipramine in the treatment of adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Gastfriend DR, Biederman J, Jellinek MS. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 July; 141(7): 906-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6375400&dopt=Abstract

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Desipramine in the treatment of attention deficit disorder in adolescents. Author(s): Gastfriend DR, Biederman J, Jellinek MS. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(1): 144-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3983334&dopt=Abstract

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Desipramine in the treatment of children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Biederman J, Gastfriend DR, Jellinek MS. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1986 December; 6(6): 359-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3805329&dopt=Abstract

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Developmental and pharmacological aspects of attention deficit disorder (ADD). Author(s): Anderson GM, Shaywitz BA, Leckman JF, Hunt RD, Shaywitz SE, Cohen DJ. Source: Prog Clin Biol Res. 1983; 135: 207-23. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6364156&dopt=Abstract

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Developmental trends in memory and metamemory in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Voelker SL, Carter RA, Sprague DJ, Gdowski CL, Lachar D. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1989 March; 14(1): 75-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2723956&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnosing attention deficit disorders with the Behavioral Assessment System for Children and the Child Behavior Checklist: test and construct validity analyses using optimal discriminant classification trees. Author(s): Ostrander R, Weinfurt KP, Yarnold PR, August GJ. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1998 August; 66(4): 660-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9735584&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnosing children with attention deficit disorders through a health departmentpublic school partnership. Author(s): Shea KM, Rahmani CH, Morris PJ. Source: American Journal of Public Health. 1996 August; 86(8 Pt 1): 1168-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8712283&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnosis and management of attention deficit disorder: a pediatric perspective. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1984 April; 31(2): 429-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6728525&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit disorder in two general hospital clinics. Author(s): Jensen PS, Xenakis SN, Shervette RE 3rd, Bain MW, Davis H. Source: Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1989 July; 40(7): 708-12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2777226&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnosis of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in Chinese boys. Author(s): Li XR, Su LY, Townes BD, Varley CK. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1989 July; 28(4): 497-500. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2768142&dopt=Abstract

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Diagnostic validity of the hyperactive child (attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity) syndrome. Author(s): Cantwell DP. Source: Psychiatr Dev. 1983 Autumn; 1(3): 277-300. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6369312&dopt=Abstract

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Diet and the behavior of children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 March; 23(2): 182-5. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6371108&dopt=Abstract

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Dimensional and categorical approaches to the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder in children. Author(s): Shekim WO, Cantwell DP, Kashani J, Beck N, Martin J, Rosenberg J. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 September; 25(5): 653-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3760414&dopt=Abstract


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Dimensions and types of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lahey BB, Pelham WE, Schaughency EA, Atkins MS, Murphy HA, Hynd G, Russo M, Hartdagen S, Lorys-Vernon A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 May; 27(3): 330-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3379015&dopt=Abstract

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Diminished effectiveness of methylphenidate on cognitive tasks in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Schmidt K, Kappraff MS. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1987 June; 7(3): 204-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3597815&dopt=Abstract

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Does methylphenidate normalize the classroom performance of children with attention deficit disorder? Author(s): DuPaul GJ, Rapport MD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993 January; 32(1): 190-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8428871&dopt=Abstract

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Dosage effects and individual responsivity to methylphenidate in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Douglas VI, Barr RG, Amin K, O'Neill ME, Britton BG. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1988 July; 29(4): 453-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3063718&dopt=Abstract

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Dose-response effects of chronic methylphenidate administration on late eventrelated potentials in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Syrigou-Papavasiliou A, Lycaki H, LeWitt PA, Verma NP, Spivak D, Chayasirisobhon S. Source: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1988 July; 19(3): 129-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3416497&dopt=Abstract

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Double-blind administration of methylphenidate to mentally retarded children with attention deficit disorder; a preliminary study. Author(s): Varley CK, Trupin EW. Source: Am J Ment Defic. 1982 May; 86(6): 560-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7102728&dopt=Abstract

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Double-blind assessment of stimulant medication for attention deficit disorder: a model for clinical application. Author(s): Varley CK, Trupin EW. Source: The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1983 July; 53(3): 542-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6349375&dopt=Abstract

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Dramatic favorable responses of children with learning disabilities or dyslexia and attention deficit disorder to antimotion sickness medications: four case reports. Author(s): Levinson HN. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1991 December; 73(3 Pt 1): 723-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1686492&dopt=Abstract

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Dysthymia and attention deficit disorder in adults. Author(s): Mattes JA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1986 January; 143(1): 114-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3942264&dopt=Abstract

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EEG and clinical findings during pemoline treatment in children and adults with attention deficit disorder. An 8-week open trial. Author(s): Caresia L, Pugnetti L, Besana R, Barteselli F, Guareschi Cazzullo A, Musetti L, Scarone S. Source: Neuropsychobiology. 1984; 11(3): 158-67. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6472603&dopt=Abstract

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Effect of tyrosine on attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Eisenberg J, Asnis GM, van Praag HM, Vela RM. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1988 May; 49(5): 193-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3284877&dopt=Abstract

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Effect on growth in pemoline-treated children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Friedmann N, Thomas J, Carr R, Elders J, Ringdahl I, Roche A. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1981 April; 135(4): 329-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7211792&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of a few food diet in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Carter CM, Urbanowicz M, Hemsley R, Mantilla L, Strobel S, Graham PJ, Taylor E. Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood. 1993 November; 69(5): 564-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8257176&dopt=Abstract


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Effects of acute and chronic methylphenidate administration on beta-endorphin, growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Author(s): Weizman R, Dick J, Gil-Ad I, Weitz R, Tyano S, Laron Z. Source: Life Sciences. 1987 June 8; 40(23): 2247-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3035307&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of continuous and partial reinforcement and methylphenidate on learning in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Pelham WE, Milich R, Walker JL. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1986 November; 95(4): 319-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3805493&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of levodopa on attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Wood D, Reimherr F, Wender PH. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1982 February; 6(1): 13-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6949167&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of megavitamin therapy on children with attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Haslam RH, Dalby JT, Rademaker AW. Source: Pediatrics. 1984 July; 74(1): 103-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6234505&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride on the subjective reporting of mood in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Walker MK, Sprague RL, Sleator EK, Ullmann RK. Source: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 1988; 9(4): 373-85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3229984&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of methylphenidate in adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1983 July; 22(4): 351-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6875130&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of methylphenidate on adolescents with a childhood history of attention deficit disorder: I. Clinical findings. Author(s): Klorman R, Coons HW, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 May; 26(3): 363-7. Erratum In: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987 September; 26(5): 820. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3298201&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of methylphenidate on adolescents with a childhood history of attention deficit disorder: II. Information processing. Author(s): Coons HW, Klorman R, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 May; 26(3): 368-74. Erratum In: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987 September; 26(5): 820. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3298202&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of methylphenidate on reading in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Ballinger CT, Varley CK, Nolen PA. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 December; 141(12): 1590-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6507665&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of reward and nonreward on frustration and attention in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Douglas VI, Parry PA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1994 June; 22(3): 281-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8064034&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of sugar on aggressive and inattentive behavior in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and normal children. Author(s): Wender EH, Solanto MV. Source: Pediatrics. 1991 November; 88(5): 960-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1945637&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of sustained-release and standard preparations of methylphenidate on attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Fitzpatrick PA, Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 March; 31(2): 226-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1564023&dopt=Abstract

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Efficacy of ACTH 4-9 analog, methylphenidate, and placebo on attention deficit disorder with hyperkinesis. Author(s): Butter HJ, Lapierre Y, Firestone P, Blank A. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 1984; 8(4-6): 661-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6099589&dopt=Abstract


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Efficiency of diagnostic criteria for attention deficit disorder: toward an empirical approach to designing and validating diagnostic algorithms. Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Sprich-Buckminster S, Chen W, Tsuang MT. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993 January; 32(1): 166-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7679093&dopt=Abstract

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Electroencephalographic biofeedback of SMR and beta for treatment of attention deficit disorders in a clinical setting. Author(s): Lubar JO, Lubar JF. Source: Biofeedback Self Regul. 1984 March; 9(1): 1-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6487671&dopt=Abstract

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Empirical corroboration of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Edelbrock C, Costello AJ, Kessler MD. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 May; 23(3): 285-90. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6736493&dopt=Abstract

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Epilepsy in children with attention deficit disorder: cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomic indices. Author(s): Kinney RO, Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Sarwar M, Holahan JM. Source: Pediatric Neurology. 1990 January-February; 6(1): 31-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2310434&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluating and managing attention deficit disorder in children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Author(s): Kelly D, Forney J, Parker-Fisher S, Jones M. Source: Am Ann Deaf. 1993 October; 138(4): 349-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8273706&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluating drug effectiveness in an office setting for children with attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Ottinger DR, Halpin B, Miller M, Demian L, Hannemann R. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1985 May; 24(5): 245-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3987164&dopt=Abstract

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Evaluation of school performance: dyslexia and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Fletcher J, Shupack H. Source: Pediatrician. 1986; 13(2-3): 96-107. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3822953&dopt=Abstract

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Evidence of familial association between attention deficit disorder and major affective disorders. Author(s): Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Tsuang MT. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1991 July; 48(7): 633-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2069494&dopt=Abstract

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External validation of oppositional disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Paternite CE, Loney J, Roberts MA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1995 August; 23(4): 453-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7560556&dopt=Abstract

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Eye movement task related to frontal lobe functioning in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Ross RG, Hommer D, Breiger D, Varley C, Radant A. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1994 July-August; 33(6): 869-74. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8083144&dopt=Abstract

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Factor analysis of the continuous performance test and parent-teacher reports of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Raggio DJ, Rhodes RL, Whitten JD. Source: Psychological Reports. 1999 December; 85(3 Pt 1): 935-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10672754&dopt=Abstract

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Familial association between attention deficit disorder and anxiety disorders. Author(s): Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Steingard R, Tsuang MT. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1991 February; 148(2): 251-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1987825&dopt=Abstract

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Familial relationship between Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, speech disorders, and stuttering. Author(s): Pauls DL, Leckman JF, Cohen DJ. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993 September; 32(5): 1044-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8407750&dopt=Abstract

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Family functioning as perceived by parents of boys with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lewis K. Source: Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 1992 October-December; 13(4): 369-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1478863&dopt=Abstract


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Family-genetic and psychosocial risk factors in DSM-III attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Biederman J, Faraone SV, Keenan K, Knee D, Tsuang MT. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1990 July; 29(4): 526-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2387786&dopt=Abstract

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Fenfluramine treatment of childhood attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a preliminary report. Author(s): Donnelly M, Rapoport JL, Ismond DR. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(1): 152-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3523573&dopt=Abstract

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Fifteen-year follow-up of a behavioral history of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Howell DC, Huessy HR, Hassuk B. Source: Pediatrics. 1985 August; 76(2): 185-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4022691&dopt=Abstract

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First impressions formed of boys with learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Bickett L, Milich R. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1990 April; 23(4): 253-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2324638&dopt=Abstract

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Fluoxetine in adults with residual attention deficit disorder and hypersomnolence. Author(s): Sabalesky DA. Source: The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1990 Fall; 2(4): 4634. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2136402&dopt=Abstract

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Focal cerebral hypoperfusion in children with dysphasia and/or attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P. Source: Archives of Neurology. 1984 August; 41(8): 825-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6331818&dopt=Abstract

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Food sensitivity in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD/HA): a procedure for differential diagnosis. Author(s): Hughes EC, Weinstein RC, Gott PS, Binggeli R, Whitaker KL. Source: Ann Allergy. 1982 November; 49(5): 276-80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7149341&dopt=Abstract

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Frontal lobe disinhibition in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Chelune GJ, Ferguson W, Koon R, Dickey TO. Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 1986 Summer; 16(4): 221-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3743175&dopt=Abstract

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Frontal lobe functions in attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity: a review and research report. Author(s): Barkley RA, Grodzinsky G, DuPaul GJ. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1992 April; 20(2): 163-88. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1593025&dopt=Abstract

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Genetic latent structure analysis of dysmorphology in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Deutsch CK, Matthysse S, Swanson JM, Farkas LG. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1990 March; 29(2): 189-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2324060&dopt=Abstract

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Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Evidence against a genetic relationship. Author(s): Pauls DL, Hurst CR, Kruger SD, Leckman JF, Kidd KK, Cohen DJ. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1986 December; 43(12): 1177-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3465279&dopt=Abstract

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Girls with attention deficit disorder: a silent minority? A report on behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Author(s): Berry CA, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Pediatrics. 1985 November; 76(5): 801-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4058990&dopt=Abstract

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Growth hormone and prolactin response to methylphenidate in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Sebrechts MM, Anderson GM, Cohen DJ, Jatlow P, Young JG. Source: Life Sciences. 1990; 46(9): 625-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2308471&dopt=Abstract

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Heart rate reactivity in attention deficit disorder subgroups. Author(s): Dykman RA, Ackerman PT, Oglesby DM. Source: Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society. 1992 July-September; 27(3): 228-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1419869&dopt=Abstract


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High rate of affective disorders in probands with attention deficit disorder and in their relatives: a controlled family study. Author(s): Biederman J, Munir K, Knee D, Armentano M, Autor S, Waternaux C, Tsuang M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987 March; 144(3): 330-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3826433&dopt=Abstract

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History and significance of childhood attention deficit disorder in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. Author(s): Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ. Source: Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1993 March-April; 34(2): 75-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8485984&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder syndromes in China. Author(s): Tao KT. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 November; 31(6): 1165-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1429422&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperactivity and the attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Hughes MC, Goldman BL, Snyder NF. Source: American Family Physician. 1983 June; 27(6): 119-26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6858813&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperactivity and the attention deficit disorders: expanding frontiers. Author(s): Whalen CK, Henker B. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1984 April; 31(2): 397-427. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6728524&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperactivity as dysfunction of activity, arousal, or attention: a study of research relating to DSM III's Attention Deficit Disorder. Author(s): McMahon RC. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1984 November; 40(6): 1300-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6511939&dopt=Abstract

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Hyperkinetic behaviour, attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder and instabilite psychomotrice: identity, analogies, and misunderstandings. Commentary to Gordon's paper (Brain Dev 1994; 15: 169-72). Author(s): De Negri M. Source: Brain & Development. 1995 March-April; 17(2): 146-7; Discussion 148. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7625551&dopt=Abstract

Studies 45

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Hyperkinetic or attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Sandberg S. Source: The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science. 1996 July; 169(1): 10-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8818362&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnopolygraphic alterations in Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) children. Author(s): Ramos Platon MJ, Vela Bueno A, Espinar Sierra J, Kales S. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1990 August; 53(2-4): 87-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2265952&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotherapy: a possible alternative for treating pupils affected with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Calhoun G Jr, Bolton JA. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1986 December; 63(3): 1191-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3808893&dopt=Abstract

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If it isn't ADD then it must be Asperger's. Attention Deficit Disorder. Author(s): Heaton P. Source: N Z Med J. 1999 February 26; 112(1082): 60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10091904&dopt=Abstract

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Imipramine binding to platelets of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Weizman A, Bernhout E, Weitz R, Tyano S, Rehavi M. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1988 March 1; 23(5): 491-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2830919&dopt=Abstract

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Imipramine for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Huessy HR. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 February; 140(2): 272. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6849467&dopt=Abstract

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Impulse control disorders and attention deficit disorder in pathological gamblers. Author(s): Specker SM, Carlson GA, Christenson GA, Marcotte M. Source: Annals of Clinical Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists. 1995 December; 7(4): 175-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8721891&dopt=Abstract


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Increased methylphenidate usage for attention deficit disorder in the 1990s. Author(s): Safer DJ, Zito JM, Fine EM. Source: Pediatrics. 1996 December; 98(6 Pt 1): 1084-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8951257&dopt=Abstract

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Intellectual, academic, and adaptive functioning of Tourette syndrome children with and without attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Dykens E, Leckman J, Riddle M, Hardin M, Schwartz S, Cohen D. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1990 December; 18(6): 607-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2074343&dopt=Abstract

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Introduction to the special series on attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 February; 24(2): 68-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2010676&dopt=Abstract

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Issues in the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder: a cautionary note on the Gordon Diagnostic System. Author(s): Milich R, Pelham WE, Hinshaw SP. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(4): 1101-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3809377&dopt=Abstract

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Juvenile delinquency and attention deficit disorder: boys' developmental trajectories from age 3 to age 15. Author(s): Moffitt TE. Source: Child Development. 1990 June; 61(3): 893-910. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2364762&dopt=Abstract

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Language disorders and attention deficit disorders in young children referred for psychiatric services: analysis of prevalence and a conceptual synthesis. Author(s): Love AJ, Thompson MG. Source: The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1988 January; 58(1): 52-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3257845&dopt=Abstract

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Management of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Delcau CM. Source: Southern Medical Journal. 1984 October; 77(10): 1273-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6484648&dopt=Abstract

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Management of attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Adams MS. Source: Journal of the National Medical Association. 1983 February; 75(2): 187-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6827611&dopt=Abstract

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Medicating children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Wiener JM. Source: Pediatrics. 1988 November; 82(5): 812. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3186370&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate and children with attention deficit disorder. Dose effects on classroom academic and social behavior. Author(s): Pelham WE, Bender ME, Caddell J, Booth S, Moorer SH. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1985 October; 42(10): 948-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3899046&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate and cognitive therapy in children with attention deficit disorder: a double-blind trial. Author(s): Brown RT, Wynne ME, Borden KA, Clingerman SR, Geniesse R, Spunt AL. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1986 June; 7(3): 16374. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3522630&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate compared with behavioral self-control in attention deficit disorder: preliminary report. Author(s): Anderson EE, Clement PW, Oettinger L Jr. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1981 December; 2(4): 137-41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7320203&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate effects on symptoms of attention deficit disorder in adults. Author(s): Mattes JA, Boswell L, Oliver H. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1984 November; 41(11): 1059-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6388523&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate reduces abnormalities of stimulus classification in adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Fitzpatrick PA, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1992 February; 101(1): 130-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1537959&dopt=Abstract


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Methylphenidate slows reactions of children with attention deficit disorder during and after an error. Author(s): Krusch DA, Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Fitzpatrick PA, Borgstedt AD, Strauss J. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1996 October; 24(5): 633-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8956088&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate speeds evaluation processes of attention deficit disorder adolescents during a continuous performance test. Author(s): Klorman R, Brumaghim JT, Fitzpatrick PA, Borgstedt AD. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1991 June; 19(3): 263-83. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1865045&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate treatment of cocaine abusers without attention deficit disorder: a negative report. Author(s): Gawin F, Riordan C, Kleber H. Source: The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1985; 11(3-4): 193-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4091158&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate v. placebo--a randomised double-blind crossover study in children with the attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cotton MF, Rothberg AD. Source: South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde. 1988 September 17; 74(6): 268-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3047886&dopt=Abstract

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Methylphenidate-induced delusional disorder in a child with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Bloom AS, Russell LJ, Weisskopf B, Blackerby JL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 January; 27(1): 88-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3343212&dopt=Abstract

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Microprocessor-based assessment of attention deficit disorders (ADD). Author(s): Gordon M. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(1): 288-90. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3523580&dopt=Abstract

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Minimal brain dysfunction, hyperkinesis, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Deuel RK. Source: The Journal of Pediatrics. 1981 June; 98(6): 912-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7229792&dopt=Abstract

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MMPI-2 characteristics of adults diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Coleman AR, Norstrand JA, Moberg PJ, Kohler CG, Gur RC, Gur RE. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1998 December; 96(3-4): 161-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10069617&dopt=Abstract

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Multimodality approaches in the treatment of attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Hansen CR Jr, Cohen DJ. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1984 April; 31(2): 499-513. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6728527&dopt=Abstract

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Myths & facts... about attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Quillen T. Source: Nursing. 1995 July; 25(7): 27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7630547&dopt=Abstract

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NEO PI-R profiles of adults with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Ranseen JD, Campbell DA, Baer RA. Source: Assessment. 1998 March; 5(1): 19-24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9458338&dopt=Abstract

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Neural models of normal and abnormal behavior: what do schizophrenia, parkinsonism, attention deficit disorder, and depression have in common? Author(s): Grossberg S. Source: Prog Brain Res. 1999; 121: 375-406. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10551037&dopt=Abstract

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Neurobiology of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: where have we come in 50 years? Author(s): Zametkin AJ, Rapoport JL. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 September; 26(5): 676-86. Review. Erratum In: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1988 May; 27(3): 388. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2889717&dopt=Abstract


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Neurochemical correlates of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Raskin LA, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Anderson GM, Cohen DJ. Source: Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1984 April; 31(2): 387-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6728523&dopt=Abstract

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Neurocognitive problems in attention deficit disorder. Alternative concepts and evidence for impairment in inhibition of selective attention. Author(s): Armstrong CL, Hayes KM, Martin R. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 June; 931: 196-215. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11462742&dopt=Abstract

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Neurodevelopmental and behavioural characteristics in learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Tirosh E, Cohen A, Berger J, Davidovitch M, Cohen-Ophir M. Source: European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : Ejpn : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society. 2001; 5(6): 253-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11764183&dopt=Abstract

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Neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to amphetamine in adolescents with a history of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Garfinkel BD, Brown WA, Klee SH, Braden W, Beauchesne H, Shapiro SK. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 July; 25(4): 503-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3745731&dopt=Abstract

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Neuropharmacological basis of stimulant drug action in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a review and synthesis. Author(s): Solanto MV. Source: Psychological Bulletin. 1984 May; 95(3): 387-409. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6152684&dopt=Abstract

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Neuropsychological test performance and the attention deficit disorders: clinical utility of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision. Author(s): Schaughency EA, Lahey BB, Hynd GW, Stone PA, Piacentini JC, Frick PJ. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989 February; 57(1): 112-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2925961&dopt=Abstract

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New drug trials in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Rapoport JL, Zametkin A, Donnelly M, Ismond D. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(2): 232-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3923528&dopt=Abstract

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Nomifensine maleate in adult attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Shekim WO, Masterson A, Cantwell DP, Hanna GL, McCracken JT. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1989 May; 177(5): 296-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2651559&dopt=Abstract

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Norepinephrine and dopamine metabolites and educational variables in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Author(s): Shekim WO, Sinclair E, Glaser R, Horwitz E, Javaid J, Bylund DB. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 1987 January; 2(1): 50-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3624828&dopt=Abstract

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Nortriptyline in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Saul RC. Source: Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1985; 8(4): 382-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4075308&dopt=Abstract

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Ontario Child Health Study: prevalence of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Szatmari P, Offord DR, Boyle MH. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1989 March; 30(2): 219-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2708462&dopt=Abstract

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Open-label trial of venlafaxine in adults with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Adler LA, Resnick S, Kunz M, Devinsky O. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1995; 31(4): 785-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8851654&dopt=Abstract

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Origin of stimulant use for treatment of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Gross MD. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 February; 152(2): 298-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7840374&dopt=Abstract

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Otitis media in children with learning disabilities and in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Adesman AR, Altshuler LA, Lipkin PH, Walco GA. Source: Pediatrics. 1990 March; 85(3 Pt 2): 442-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2304807&dopt=Abstract


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Outcome of parent-mediated treatment of preschoolers with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Pisterman S, McGrath P, Firestone P, Goodman JT, Webster I, Mallory R. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1989 October; 57(5): 628-35. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2794183&dopt=Abstract

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Overrepresentation of adoptees in children with the attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Deutsch CK, Swanson JM, Bruell JH, Cantwell DP, Weinberg F, Baren M. Source: Behavior Genetics. 1982 March; 12(2): 231-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7126106&dopt=Abstract

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Parent, teacher, child. A trilateral approach to attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Cohen ML, Kelly PC, Atkinson AW. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1989 October; 143(10): 1229-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2801667&dopt=Abstract

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Parent-based diagnosis of attention deficit disorder predicts a diagnosis based on teacher report. Author(s): Biederman J, Keenan K, Faraone SV. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1990 September; 29(5): 698-701. Erratum In: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991 March; 30(2): 337. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2228921&dopt=Abstract

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Parotid gland salivary secretion in Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: a model system for the study of neurochemical regulation. Author(s): Cohen DJ, Ort S, Caruso KA, Anderson GM, Hunt RD, Shaywitz BA, Kremenitzer M, Leckman JF. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 January; 26(1): 65-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3034852&dopt=Abstract

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Paying attention to attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Schowalter JE. Source: Pediatrics. 1979 October; 64(4): 546-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=492823&dopt=Abstract

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Pediatricians' reported practices in the assessment and treatment of attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Copeland L, Wolraich M, Lindgren S, Milich R, Woolson R. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1987 August; 8(4): 191-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3611359&dopt=Abstract

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Pemoline and lithium in a patient with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Brown RP, Ingber PS, Tross S. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1983 April; 44(4): 146-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6403515&dopt=Abstract

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Pemoline and urinary excretion of catecholamines and indoleamines in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Zametkin AJ, Linnoila M, Karoum F, Sallee R. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1986 March; 143(3): 359-62. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2420216&dopt=Abstract

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Pemoline in attention deficit disorder and alcoholism: a case study. Author(s): Turnquist K, Frances R, Rosenfeld W, Mobarak A. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 May; 140(5): 622-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6303137&dopt=Abstract

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Pemoline pharmacokinetics and long term therapy in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Author(s): Collier CP, Soldin SJ, Swanson JM, MacLeod SM, Weinberg F, Rochefort JG. Source: Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 1985 May-June; 10(3): 269-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4017397&dopt=Abstract

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Perceived family functioning, marital status, and depression in parents of boys with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Brown RT, Pacini JN. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1989 November; 22(9): 581-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2809411&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacodynamics of pemoline in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Sallee FR, Stiller RL, Perel JM. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 March; 31(2): 244-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1564025&dopt=Abstract


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Pharmacological treatment of adolescents with affective disorders and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Biederman J. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1988; 24(1): 81-7. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3290952&dopt=Abstract

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Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type (ADD,RT, “minimal brain dysfunction,” “hyperactivity”) in adults. Author(s): Wender PH, Wood DR, Reimherr FW. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1985; 21(2): 222-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3923527&dopt=Abstract

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Phenylethylamine excretion in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Zametkin AJ, Karoum F, Rapoport JL, Brown GL, Wyatt RJ. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 May; 23(3): 310-4. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6736496&dopt=Abstract

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Pitfalls in the use of a continuous performance test as a diagnostic tool in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Trommer BL, Hoeppner JB, Lorber R, Armstrong K. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1988 December; 9(6): 339-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3220953&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma amino acids in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Bornstein RA, Baker GB, Carroll A, King G, Wong JT, Douglass AB. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1990 September; 33(3): 301-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2243904&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and platelet monoamine oxidase in attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder. Author(s): Bowden CL, Deutsch CK, Swanson JM. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 March; 27(2): 171-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3360718&dopt=Abstract

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Plasma free tryptophan concentration in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Hoshino Y, Ohno Y, Yamamoto T, Kaneko M, Kumashiro H. Source: Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn. 1985; 39(4): 531-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3833631&dopt=Abstract

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Platelet MAO and measures of attention and impulsivity in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Author(s): Shekim WO, Bylund DB, Alexson J, Glaser RD, Jones SB, Hodges K, Perdue S. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1986 June; 18(2): 179-88. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3725999&dopt=Abstract

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Platelet MAO in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity: a pilot study. Author(s): Shekim WO, Davis LG, Bylund DB, Brunngraber E, Fikes L, Lanham J. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1982 July; 139(7): 936-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7091414&dopt=Abstract

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Platelet secretion defect in patients with the attention deficit disorder and easy bruising. Author(s): Koike K, Rao AK, Holmsen H, Mueller PS. Source: Blood. 1984 February; 63(2): 427-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6692042&dopt=Abstract

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Possible change in noradrenergic receptor sensitivity following methylphenidate treatment: growth hormone and MHPG response to clonidine challenge in children with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. Author(s): Hunt RD, Cohen DJ, Anderson G, Clark L. Source: Life Sciences. 1984 August 20; 35(8): 885-97. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6482679&dopt=Abstract

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Predicting substance abuse in juvenile offenders: attention deficit disorder versus aggressivity. Author(s): Halikas JA, Meller J, Morse C, Lyttle MD. Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. 1990 Fall; 21(1): 49-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2397654&dopt=Abstract

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Prevalence of attention deficit disorder, residual type, and other psychiatric disorders in patients with irritable colon syndrome. Author(s): Wender PH, Kalm M. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 December; 140(12): 1579-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6650687&dopt=Abstract


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Prognosis of attention deficit disorder and its management of adolescence. Author(s): Klein RG. Source: Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics. 1987 January; 8(7): 21622. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3332353&dopt=Abstract

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Prolactin, growth hormone and growth responses in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity treated with methylphenidate. Author(s): Greenhill LL, Puig-Antich J, Novacenko H, Solomon M, Anghern C, Florea J, Goetz R, Fiscina B, Sachar EJ. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 January; 23(1): 58-67. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6693678&dopt=Abstract

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Promethazine treatment of children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity--ineffective and unpleasant. Author(s): Zametkin AJ, Reeves JC, Webster L, Werry JS. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 November; 25(6): 854-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3540075&dopt=Abstract

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Propranolol for adults with temper outbursts and residual attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Mattes JA. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1986 October; 6(5): 299-302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3771813&dopt=Abstract

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Psychiatric comorbidity in attention deficit disorder: impact on the interpretation of Child Behavior Checklist results. Author(s): Steingard R, Biederman J, Doyle A, Sprich-Buckminster S. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1992 May; 31(3): 449-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1592776&dopt=Abstract

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Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with attention deficit disorder: a controlled study. Author(s): Munir K, Biederman J, Knee D. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 November; 26(6): 844-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3429402&dopt=Abstract

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Psychometric differentiation of conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): O'Brien JD, Halperin JM, Newcorn JH, Sharma V, Wolf L, Morganstein A. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1992 August; 13(4): 274-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1506466&dopt=Abstract

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Psychopharmacology of attention deficit disorder: pharmacokinetic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral measures following acute and chronic treatment with methylphenidate. Author(s): Shaywitz SE, Hunt RD, Jatlow P, Cohen DJ, Young JG, Pierce RN, Anderson GM, Shaywitz BA. Source: Pediatrics. 1982 June; 69(6): 688-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7079034&dopt=Abstract

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Psychosocial adjustment and educational outcome in adolescents with a childhood diagnosis of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Wilson JM, Marcotte AC. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996 May; 35(5): 579-87. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8935204&dopt=Abstract

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Psychostimulants in the treatment of adults with psychosis and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Opler LA, Frank DM, Ramirez PM. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 June; 931: 297-301. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11462748&dopt=Abstract

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Psychotherapy for adults with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Bemporad JR. Source: The Harvard Mental Health Letter / from Harvard Medical School. 1998 June; 14(12): 4-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9613257&dopt=Abstract

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Quantitative electroencephalographic profiles of children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Chabot RJ, Serfontein G. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1996 November 15; 40(10): 951-63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8915554&dopt=Abstract


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Question and answer. Attention deficit disorder: recognition and management. Author(s): Powell MA. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 1989 OctoberDecember; 1(4): 143-4. Erratum In: J Am Acad Nurse Pract 1990 April-June; 2(2): 63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2631944&dopt=Abstract

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Reading-disabled hyperactive children: a distinct subgroup of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity? Author(s): Halperin JM, Gittelman R, Klein DF, Rudel RG. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1984 March; 12(1): 1-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6715686&dopt=Abstract

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Recognition and treatment of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Bond WS. Source: Clin Pharm. 1987 August; 6(8): 617-24. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2891464&dopt=Abstract

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Responders, nonresponders, and placebo responders among children with attention deficit disorder. Importance of a blinded placebo evaluation. Author(s): Ullmann RK, Sleator EK. Source: Clinical Pediatrics. 1986 December; 25(12): 594-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3536258&dopt=Abstract

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Responses to methylphenidate and varied doses of caffeine in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Garfinkel BD, Webster CD, Sloman L. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1981 October; 26(6): 395-401. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7028238&dopt=Abstract

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Retrospective assessment of DSM-III attention deficit disorder in nonreferred individuals. Author(s): Biederman J, Faraone SV, Knee D, Munir K. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1990 March; 51(3): 102-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2307663&dopt=Abstract

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Revised criteria for detecting alcoholic patients with attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Horton AM Jr, Fiscella RA, O'Connor K, Jackson M, Slone DG. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1987 June; 175(6): 371-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3585315&dopt=Abstract

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Right hemisphere involvement in learning disability, attention deficit disorder, and childhood major depressive disorder. Author(s): Brumback RA, Staton RD. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1982 May; 8(5): 505-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7109990&dopt=Abstract

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Schizophrenia and attention deficit disorder. Two complex disorders of attention. Author(s): Barr WB. Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001 June; 931: 239-50. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11462744&dopt=Abstract

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Self-esteem in children medically managed for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Kelly PC, Cohen ML, Walker WO, Caskey OL, Atkinson AW. Source: Pediatrics. 1989 February; 83(2): 211-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2913551&dopt=Abstract

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Self-paced learning in children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Dalby JT, Kinsbourne M, Swanson JM. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1989 June; 17(3): 269-75. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2666475&dopt=Abstract

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Self-reported delinquency, neuropsychological deficit, and history of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Moffitt TE, Silva PA. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1988 October; 16(5): 553-69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3235747&dopt=Abstract

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Separate brain potential characteristics in children with reading disability and attention deficit disorder: color and letter relevance effects. Author(s): Harter MR, Anllo-Vento L, Wood FB, Schroeder MM. Source: Brain and Cognition. 1988 February; 7(1): 115-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3345265&dopt=Abstract

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Separate brain potential characteristics in children with reading disability and attention deficit disorder: relevance-independent effects. Author(s): Harter MR, Diering S, Wood FB. Source: Brain and Cognition. 1988 February; 7(1): 54-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3345269&dopt=Abstract


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Separate verbal memory and naming deficits in attention deficit disorder and reading disability. Author(s): Felton RH, Wood FB, Brown IS, Campbell SK, Harter MR. Source: Brain and Language. 1987 May; 31(1): 171-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3580837&dopt=Abstract

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Separation of DSM-III attention deficit disorder and conduct disorder: evidence from a family-genetic study of American child psychiatric patients. Author(s): Faraone SV, Biederman J, Keenan K, Tsuang MT. Source: Psychological Medicine. 1991 February; 21(1): 109-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2047486&dopt=Abstract

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Short latency and long latency auditory evoked responses in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Puente A, Ysunza A, Pamplona M, Silva-Rojas A, Lara C. Source: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2002 January 11; 62(1): 45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11738694&dopt=Abstract

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Short term effects of methylphenidate on the cognitive, learning and academic performance of children with attention deficit disorder in the laboratory and the classroom. Author(s): Douglas VI, Barr RG, O'Neill ME, Britton BG. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1986 March; 27(2): 191-211. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3514644&dopt=Abstract

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Situational variation in problem behavior at home and school in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a factor analytic study. Author(s): Altepeter TS, Breen MJ. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1992 May; 33(4): 741-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1376326&dopt=Abstract

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Sleep architecture and REM sleep measures in prepubertal children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Greenhill L, Puig-Antich J, Goetz R, Hanlon C, Davies M. Source: Sleep. 1983; 6(2): 91-101. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6878986&dopt=Abstract

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Social skills training with parent generalization: treatment effects for children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Pfiffner LJ, McBurnett K. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997 October; 65(5): 749-57. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=9337494&dopt=Abstract

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Sociometric status of clinic-referred children with attention deficit disorders with and without hyperactivity. Author(s): Carlson CL, Lahey BB, Frame CL, Walker J, Hynd GW. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1987 December; 15(4): 537-47. Erratum In: J Abnorm Child Psychol 1989 June; 17(3): 371. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3437089&dopt=Abstract

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Some comments on Prior and Sanson's “Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a critique”. Author(s): Taylor S. Source: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines. 1988 March; 29(2): 217-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3372618&dopt=Abstract

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Some possible neurological substrates in Attention Deficit Disorders. Author(s): Bloomingdale LM, Gold MS, Davies R. Source: Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1983 May; 49(1-2): 47-60. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6136145&dopt=Abstract

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Stimulant medications in adults with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Gauthier M. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie. 1984 August; 29(5): 435-40. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6148139&dopt=Abstract

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Stimulant treatment for adolescents with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Klorman R, Coons HW, Brumaghim JT, Borgstedt AD, Fitzpatrick P. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1988; 24(1): 88-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2898797&dopt=Abstract

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Strategies for study of the neurochemistry of attention deficit disorder in children. Author(s): Hunt RD, Cohen DJ, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Source: Schizophrenia Bulletin. 1982; 8(2): 236-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6180471&dopt=Abstract


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Studies in attention deficit disorder, residual type (minimal brain dysfunction in adults). Author(s): Wender PH, Wood D, Reimherr F. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1984 Winter; 20(1): 18-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6718645&dopt=Abstract

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Study strategies and story recall in attention deficit disorder and reading disability. Author(s): O'Neill ME, Douglas VI. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1991 December; 19(6): 671-92. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=1791273&dopt=Abstract

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Styles of exploration in control, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity and learning disabled children. Author(s): Allen TW. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1986 June-July; 19(6): 351-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3734618&dopt=Abstract

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Substance abuse in adolescents: diagnostic issues derived from studies of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Loney J. Source: Nida Res Monogr. 1988; 77: 19-26. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3145426&dopt=Abstract

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Subtle/obvious MMPI scales identify attention deficit disorder alcoholics. Author(s): Horton AM Jr, Vaeth JM, Koretzky M, Shapiro S, Civello C, Anilare J. Source: The International Journal of Neuroscience. 1989 June; 46(3-4): 127-30. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2777482&dopt=Abstract

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Supraspan verbal memory in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity normal and reading-disabled boys. Author(s): Douglas VI, Benezra E. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1990 December; 18(6): 617-38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2074344&dopt=Abstract

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Sustained attention in boys with attention deficit disorder and the effect of methylphenidate. Author(s): Brown RT, Wynne ME. Source: Pediatric Nursing. 1984 January-February; 10(1): 35-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6560384&dopt=Abstract

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Sustained release and standard methylphenidate effects on cognitive and social behavior in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Pelham WE Jr, Sturges J, Hoza J, Schmidt C, Bijlsma JJ, Milich R, Moorer S. Source: Pediatrics. 1987 October; 80(4): 491-501. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3658567&dopt=Abstract

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Teacher ratings of attention problems in children experimentally classified as exhibiting attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Author(s): Lahey BB, Schaughency EA, Frame CL, Strauss CC. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985 September; 24(5): 613-6. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4045062&dopt=Abstract

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Teacher ratings predict peer ratings of aggression at 3-year follow-up in boys with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Johnston C, Pelham WE. Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1986 August; 54(4): 571-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3745615&dopt=Abstract

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The action of stimulant medication in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: dopaminergic, noradrenergic, or both? Author(s): Levy F, Hobbes G. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1988 November; 27(6): 802-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2848797&dopt=Abstract

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The attention deficit disorder. A learning and behavioral problem in children. Author(s): Marquis P. Source: Postgraduate Medicine. 1983 June; 73(6): 295-300. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6856536&dopt=Abstract

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The Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale. Author(s): Adesman AR. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1991 February; 12(1): 65-6. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2016406&dopt=Abstract

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The boundaries of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Epstein MA, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA, Woolston JL. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 February; 24(2): 78-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2010678&dopt=Abstract


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The challenge of attention deficit disorder in children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Author(s): Kelly D, Forney J, Parker-Fisher S, Jones M. Source: Am Ann Deaf. 1993 October; 138(4): 343-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8273705&dopt=Abstract

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The diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (hyperkinesis) in children. Author(s): Levy F, Hobbes G. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1981 Spring; 20(2): 376-84. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7264109&dopt=Abstract

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The diagnostic value of cerebellar-vestibular tests in detecting learning disabilities, dyslexia, and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Levinson HN. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1990 August; 71(1): 67-82. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2235277&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of methylphenidate on school grades in children with attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: a preliminary report. Author(s): Famularo R, Fenton T. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1987 March; 48(3): 112-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3818551&dopt=Abstract

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The effect of stimulant medication on academic performance, in the context of multimodal treatment, in attention deficit disorders with hyperactivity: two case reports. Author(s): Schmidt K, Solanto MV, Sanchez-Kappraff M, Vargas P, Wein S. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 1984 April; 4(2): 100-3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6707235&dopt=Abstract

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The effects of methylphenidate on levels of processing and laterality in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Malone MA, Kershner JR, Siegel L. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1988 August; 16(4): 379-95. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3221029&dopt=Abstract

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The elephant on the fence: approaches to the psychotherapy of attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Smith HF. Source: American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1986 April; 40(2): 252-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2425644&dopt=Abstract

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The frequency and significance of additional self-reported psychiatric diagnoses in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Livingston RL, Dykman RA, Ackerman PT. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1990 October; 18(5): 465-78. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2266220&dopt=Abstract

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The go-no go test in attention deficit disorder is sensitive to methylphenidate. Author(s): Trommer BL, Hoeppner JA, Zecker SG. Source: Journal of Child Neurology. 1991; 6 Suppl: S128-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2002211&dopt=Abstract

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The go-no-go paradigm in attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Trommer BL, Hoeppner JA, Lorber R, Armstrong KJ. Source: Annals of Neurology. 1988 November; 24(5): 610-4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3202613&dopt=Abstract

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The measurement of attention deficit disorder with behavior ratings of parents. Author(s): Lambert NM, Hartsough CS. Source: The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1987 July; 57(3): 361-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3618734&dopt=Abstract

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The occurrence of behavior disorders in children: the interdependence of Attention Deficit Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Author(s): Shapiro SK, Garfinkel HD. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 November; 25(6): 809-19. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3491846&dopt=Abstract

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The prevalence of attention deficit disorder, residual type, or minimal brain dysfunction, in a population of male alcoholic patients. Author(s): Wood D, Wender PH, Reimherr FW. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 January; 140(1): 95-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6847993&dopt=Abstract

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The prevalence of attention deficit disorders in a rural midwestern community sample of nine-year-old children. Author(s): Shekim WO, Kashani J, Beck N, Cantwell DP, Martin J, Rosenberg J, Costello A. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985 November; 24(6): 765-70. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4067145&dopt=Abstract


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The role of sleep disturbances in attention deficit disorder symptoms: a case study. Author(s): Dahl RE, Pelham WE, Wierson M. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1991 April; 16(2): 229-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2061790&dopt=Abstract

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The run on Ritalin. Attention deficit disorder and stimulant treatment in the 1990s. Author(s): Diller LH. Source: The Hastings Center Report. 1996 March-April; 26(2): 12-8. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8722521&dopt=Abstract

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The schizophrenic syndrome and attention deficit disorder. Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis? Author(s): Bellak L. Source: The American Psychologist. 1994 January; 49(1): 25-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8122814&dopt=Abstract

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The specificity of the effects of stimulant medication on classroom learning-related measures of cognitive processing for attention deficit disorder children. Author(s): Balthazor MJ, Wagner RK, Pelham WE. Source: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1991 February; 19(1): 35-52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2030246&dopt=Abstract

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The therapeutic effect of clonidine in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a comparison with placebo and methylphenidate. Author(s): Hunt RD, Minderaa RB, Cohen DJ. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(1): 229-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3523578&dopt=Abstract

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The use of bromocriptine for the treatment of attention deficit disorder in two chemically dependent patients. Author(s): Cavanagh R, Clifford JS, Gregory WL. Source: J Psychoactive Drugs. 1989 April-June; 21(2): 217-20. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2668485&dopt=Abstract

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The use of imipramine in Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder: case report. Author(s): Dillon DC, Salzman IJ, Schulsinger DA. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1985 August; 46(8): 348-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2862138&dopt=Abstract

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The use of MK-801, a novel sympathomimetic, in adults with attention deficit disorder, residual type. Author(s): Reimherr FW, Wood DR, Wender PH. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin. 1986; 22(1): 237-42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3523579&dopt=Abstract

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Too young for attention deficit disorder? Views from preschool. Author(s): Fraser KM. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 2002 February; 23(1 Suppl): S46-50. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11875290&dopt=Abstract

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Topographic study of auditory event-related potentials in normal boys and boys with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Satterfield JH, Schell AM, Nicholas T, Backs RW. Source: Psychophysiology. 1988 September; 25(5): 591-606. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3186887&dopt=Abstract

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Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Comings DE, Comings BG. Source: Archives of General Psychiatry. 1987 November; 44(11): 1023-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3479057&dopt=Abstract

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Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: are they genetically related? Author(s): Comings DE, Comings BG. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 March; 23(2): 138-46. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6143773&dopt=Abstract

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Tourette's syndrome and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Licamele WL, O'Leary JH. Source: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1986 June; 47(6): 330. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3458704&dopt=Abstract

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Toward a clinical subgrouping of hyperactive and nonhyperactive attention deficit disorder. Results of a comprehensive neurological and neuropsychological assessment. Author(s): Frank Y, Ben-Nun Y. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1988 February; 142(2): 153-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3341314&dopt=Abstract


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Toward optimal health: the experts discuss attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Meisler JG. Source: Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine. 2002 June; 11(5): 417-21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12165158&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of attention deficit disorder with DL-phenylalanine. Author(s): Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Source: Psychiatry Research. 1985 September; 16(1): 21-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3903813&dopt=Abstract

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Treatment of chronic cocaine abuse and attention deficit disorder, residual type, with magnesium pemoline. Author(s): Weiss RD, Pope HG Jr, Mirin SM. Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1985 May; 15(1-2): 69-72. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4017880&dopt=Abstract

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Tricyclic antidepressant and methylphenidate treatment of attention deficit disorder in children. Author(s): Garfinkel BD, Wender PH, Sloman L, O'Neill I. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1983 July; 22(4): 343-8. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6875128&dopt=Abstract

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Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Pliszka SR. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 March; 26(2): 127-32. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3584008&dopt=Abstract

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Unexpected consequence of treatment for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Merrill RD, Garfinkel B. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1987 February; 144(2): 250. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3492932&dopt=Abstract

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Urinary MHPG and HVA excretion in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity treated with d-amphetamine. Author(s): Shekim WO, Javaid J, Davis JM, Bylund DB. Source: Biological Psychiatry. 1983 June; 18(6): 707-14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6871304&dopt=Abstract

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Urinary phenethylamine response to d-amphetamine in 12 boys with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Zametkin AJ, Brown GL, Karoum F, Rapoport JL, Langer DH, Chuang LW, Wyatt RJ. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1984 September; 141(9): 1055-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6380319&dopt=Abstract

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Use of imipramine for attention deficit disorder in a borderline patient. Author(s): Satel S, Southwick S, Denton C. Source: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1988 May; 176(5): 305-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3367147&dopt=Abstract

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Use of stimulants for alcoholic patients with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Heiman EM. Source: The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1983 September; 140(9): 1272. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6614260&dopt=Abstract

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Use of the personality inventory for children as an aid in differentiating children with mania from children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Nieman GW, DeLong R. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1987 May; 26(3): 381-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3597293&dopt=Abstract

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Using MRI to examine brain-behavior relationships in males with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Author(s): Semrud-Clikeman M, Steingard RJ, Filipek P, Biederman J, Bekken K, Renshaw PF. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000 April; 39(4): 477-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10761350&dopt=Abstract

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Validation of a measure for adolescent self-report of attention deficit disorder symptoms. Author(s): Robin AL, Vandermay SJ. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1996 August; 17(4): 211-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8856515&dopt=Abstract


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Validity of attention deficit disorder: a second look. Author(s): Borden KA, Brown RT, Clingerman SR. Source: The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1985 July; 55(3): 466-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=4025525&dopt=Abstract

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Validity of the diagnostic category of attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity: a review of the literature. Author(s): Lahey BB, Carlson CL. Source: Journal of Learning Disabilities. 1991 February; 24(2): 110-20. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2010673&dopt=Abstract

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Visual slow brain potentials in children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Newton JE, Oglesby DM, Ackerman PT, Dykman RA. Source: Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science : the Official Journal of the Pavlovian Society. 1994 January-March; 29(1): 39-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8018551&dopt=Abstract

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When the problem is not the problem: understanding attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Author(s): Aust PH. Source: Child Welfare. 1994 May-June; 73(3): 215-27. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8005016&dopt=Abstract

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Whither ADD (attention deficit disorder)? Author(s): Bloomingdale LM. Source: Psychiatr J Univ Ott. 1984 December; 9(4): 175-86. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6393171&dopt=Abstract

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Will population decreases in caffeine consumption unveil attention deficit disorders in adults? Author(s): Dalby JT. Source: Medical Hypotheses. 1985 October; 18(2): 163-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3870823&dopt=Abstract

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Written expression in boys with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Resta SP, Eliot J. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1994 December; 79(3 Pt 1): 1131-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7898999&dopt=Abstract

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CHAPTER 2. NUTRITION AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to find studies dedicated specifically to nutrition and attention deficit disorder.

Finding Nutrition Studies on Attention Deficit Disorder The National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) offers a searchable bibliographic database called the IBIDS (International Bibliographic Information on Dietary Supplements; National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 1B29, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2086, Tel: 301-435-2920, Fax: 301-480-1845, E-mail: [email protected]). The IBIDS contains over 460,000 scientific citations and summaries about dietary supplements and nutrition as well as references to published international, scientific literature on dietary supplements such as vitamins, minerals, and botanicals.4 As a service of the ODS, access to the IBIDS database is available free of charge at the following Web address: http://ods.od.nih.gov/databases/ibids.html. After entering the search area, you have three choices: (1) IBIDS Consumer Database, (2) Full IBIDS Database, or (3) Peer Reviewed Citations Only. Now that you have selected a database, click on the “Advanced” tab. An advanced search allows you to retrieve up to 100 fully explained references in a comprehensive format. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Go.” To narrow the search, you can also select the “Title” field.

4 Adapted from http://ods.od.nih.gov. IBIDS is produced by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health to assist the public, healthcare providers, educators, and researchers in locating credible, scientific information on dietary supplements. IBIDS was developed and will be maintained through an interagency partnership with the Food and Nutrition Information Center of the National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture.


The following information is typical of that found when using the “Full IBIDS Database” to search for “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym): •

Sugar and attention deficit disorder: methodological issues. Source: Milich, R. Wolraich, M. Lindgren, S. Nutrients and brain function / editor, W.B. Essman. Basel : Karger, c1987. page 138-150. charts. ISBN: 3805545665

Federal Resources on Nutrition In addition to the IBIDS, the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provide many sources of information on general nutrition and health. Recommended resources include: •

healthfinder®, HHS’s gateway to health information, including diet and nutrition: http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/SearchContext.asp?topic=238&page=0

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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Web site dedicated to nutrition information: www.nutrition.gov

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The Food and Drug Administration’s Web site for federal food safety information: www.foodsafety.gov

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The National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity sponsored by the United States Surgeon General: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/

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The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition has an Internet site sponsored by the Food and Drug Administration and the Department of Health and Human Services: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/

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Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.usda.gov/cnpp/

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Food and Nutrition Information Center, National Agricultural Library sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/

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Food and Nutrition Service sponsored by the United States Department of Agriculture: http://www.fns.usda.gov/fns/

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering food and nutrition. The following is a representative sample: •

AOL: http://search.aol.com/cat.adp?id=174&layer=&from=subcats

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_nutrition.html

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Nutrition/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Nutrition/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Nutrition/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/nutrition

Nutrition 73

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

The following is a specific Web list relating to attention deficit disorder; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): •

Vitamins Vitamin B6 Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com

•

Minerals Calcium Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Iron Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Magnesium Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Zinc Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com

•

Food and Diet Feingold Diet Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com

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CHAPTER 3. ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will begin by introducing you to official information sources on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) relating to attention deficit disorder. At the conclusion of this chapter, we will provide additional sources.

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) of the National Institutes of Health (http://nccam.nih.gov/) has created a link to the National Library of Medicine’s databases to facilitate research for articles that specifically relate to attention deficit disorder and complementary medicine. To search the database, go to the following Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html. Select “CAM on PubMed.” Enter “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box. Click “Go.” The following references provide information on particular aspects of complementary and alternative medicine that are related to attention deficit disorder: •

A 55-year-old man with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 1 year later. Author(s): Parker RA, Hartman EE. Source: Jama : the Journal of the American Medical Association. 1999 May 26; 281(20): 1945. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10349899&dopt=Abstract

•

A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorder and learning disabilities. Author(s): Linden M, Habib T, Radojevic V. Source: Biofeedback Self Regul. 1996 March; 21(1): 35-49. Erratum In: 1996 September; 21(3): 297. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8833315&dopt=Abstract


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A critical review of EEG coherence studies of hemisphere function. Author(s): French CC, Beaumont JG. Source: International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology. 1984 March; 1(3): 241-54. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6394561&dopt=Abstract

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A four-year-old boy with hyperactivity. Author(s): Street S, Prendergast M, Britten S. Source: Practitioner. 1998 February; 242(1583): 73-5, 77-8, 82. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=10476553&dopt=Abstract

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A loss of nerve. Author(s): Brown GW. Source: Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : Jdbp. 1982 June; 3(2): 8895. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7107907&dopt=Abstract

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A positron emission tomography study of methylphenidate in adults with ADHD: alterations in resting blood flow and predicting treatment response. Author(s): Schweitzer JB, Lee DO, Hanford RB, Tagamets MA, Hoffman JM, Grafton ST, Kilts CD. Source: Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 May; 28(5): 967-73. Epub 2003 March 26. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=12700698&dopt=Abstract

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A psychophysiological marker of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-defining the EEG consistency index. Author(s): Kovatchev B, Cox D, Hill R, Reeve R, Robeva R, Loboschefski T. Source: Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 2001 June; 26(2): 127-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11480163&dopt=Abstract

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A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of supplementation with highly unsaturated fatty acids on ADHD-related symptoms in children with specific learning difficulties. Author(s): Richardso AJ, Puri BK. Source: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2002 February; 26(2): 233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=11817499&dopt=Abstract

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Amino acid supplementation as therapy for attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Nemzer ED, Arnold LE, Votolato NA, McConnell H.

Alternative Medicine 77

Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1986 July; 25(4): 509-13. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3528266&dopt=Abstract •

Controversial approaches to treating learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Silver LB. Source: Am J Dis Child. 1986 October; 140(10): 1045-52. Review. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2875647&dopt=Abstract

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Diet and the behavior of children with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Varley CK. Source: J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1984 March; 23(2): 182-5. Review. No Abstract Available. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6371108&dopt=Abstract

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Effects of megavitamin therapy on children with attention deficit disorders. Author(s): Haslam RH, Dalby JT, Rademaker AW. Source: Pediatrics. 1984 July; 74(1): 103-11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6234505&dopt=Abstract

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Electroencephalographic biofeedback of SMR and beta for treatment of attention deficit disorders in a clinical setting. Author(s): Lubar JO, Lubar JF. Source: Biofeedback Self Regul. 1984 March; 9(1): 1-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=6487671&dopt=Abstract

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Hypnotherapy: a possible alternative for treating pupils affected with attention deficit disorder. Author(s): Calhoun G Jr, Bolton JA. Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1986 December; 63(3): 1191-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=3808893&dopt=Abstract

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Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a putative animal model of childhood hyperkinesis: SHR behavior compared to four other rat strains. Author(s): Sagvolden T, Pettersen MB, Larsen MC. Source: Physiology & Behavior. 1993 December; 54(6): 1047-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=8295939&dopt=Abstract

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Startle eyeblink elicitation in attention deficit disordered children using lowintensity acoustic stimuli. Author(s): Goldstein DJ, Blumenthal TD.


Source: Percept Mot Skills. 1995 February; 80(1): 227-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=7624198&dopt=Abstract •

The role of sleep disturbances in attention deficit disorder symptoms: a case study. Author(s): Dahl RE, Pelham WE, Wierson M. Source: Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1991 April; 16(2): 229-39. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_ uids=2061790&dopt=Abstract

Additional Web Resources A number of additional Web sites offer encyclopedic information covering CAM and related topics. The following is a representative sample: •

Alternative Medicine Foundation, Inc.: http://www.herbmed.org/

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•

Chinese Medicine: http://www.newcenturynutrition.com/

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drkoop.com®: http://www.drkoop.com/InteractiveMedicine/IndexC.html

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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/med_altn.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Alternative/

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Healthnotes: http://www.healthnotes.com/

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MedWebPlus: http://medwebplus.com/subject/Alternative_and_Complementary_Medicine

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Alternative/

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HealthGate: http://www.tnp.com/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/drugs_and_herbs

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WholeHealthMD.com: http://www.wholehealthmd.com/reflib/0,1529,,00.html

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Alternative_Medicine/

The following is a specific Web list relating to attention deficit disorder; please note that any particular subject below may indicate either a therapeutic use, or a contraindication (potential danger), and does not reflect an official recommendation (some Web sites are subscription based): •

General Overview Allergies and Sensitivities Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Attention Deficit Disorder Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com

Alternative Medicine 79

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com •

Alternative Therapy Holistic Referrals Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com

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Herbs and Supplements Docosahexaenoic Acid Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Glutamine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Inositol Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Mixed Amphetamines Source: Healthnotes, Inc. www.healthnotes.com Phenylalanine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Taurine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com Tyrosine Source: Prima Communications, Inc.www.personalhealthzone.com

General References A good place to find general background information on CAM is the National Library of Medicine. It has prepared within the MEDLINEplus system an information topic page dedicated to complementary and alternative medicine. To access this page, go to the MEDLINEplus site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alternativemedicine.html. This Web site provides a general overview of various topics and can lead to a number of general sources.

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CHAPTER 4. DISSERTATIONS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will give you a bibliography on recent dissertations relating to attention deficit disorder. We will also provide you with information on how to use the Internet to stay current on dissertations. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical dissertations that use the generic term “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on attention deficit disorder, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical dissertations in this bibliography.

Dissertations on Attention Deficit Disorder ProQuest Digital Dissertations, the largest archive of academic dissertations available, is located at the following Web address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations. From this archive, we have compiled the following list covering dissertations devoted to attention deficit disorder. You will see that the information provided includes the dissertation’s title, its author, and the institution with which the author is associated. The following covers recent dissertations found when using this search procedure: •

A Cognitive-behavioral Analysis of Cooperative Interactions between Parents and Their Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Rolnick, Steven Richard, Phd from Indiana State University, 1986, 173 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8726577

•

A Comparison of Biofeedback-assisted Relaxation and Psychostimulants in Treating Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity by Irving, Willam Clifford, Iii, Phd from Wayne State University, 1987, 123 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8714546

•

A Comparison of the Understanding of Attentional Processes between Normal and Attention Deficit Disorder Children by Charette, Mark Raymond, Phd from Indiana State University, 1988, 93 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8921060


•

A Comprehensive Analysis of Neurocoginitive Profiles of Six-to-eight-year-old Children Referred for Evaluation Following School Problems (attention Deficit Disorder) by Haake, Carol A., Edd from University of Missouri - Saint Louis, 1990, 151 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9109776

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A Description of Participants in Adult Attention Deficit Disorder Support Groups by Martin, Mignon Bruce, Phd from Texas A&m University, 1996, 99 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9701681

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A Process-specific Training Program in the Treatment of Attention Deficits in Children (attention Deficit Disorder) by Williams, Dennis James, Phd from University of Washington, 1989, 222 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9020980

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A Study for the Construction of an Instrument That Can Identify the Child with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity in School. (spanish Text) by Perez De Alejo, Lourdes Patricia, Edd from Inter-american University of Puerto Rico (puerto Rico), 1991, 324 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9211066

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A Study of the Awareness of Elementary School Principals in the Northwest Arkansas Education Service Cooperative Region in Regard to Attention Deficit Disorder by Carlton, Angela Yvonne, Edd from University of Arkansas, 1995, 247 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9536013

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An Analysis of Illinois Elementary Principals' Knowledge and Perceptions of Children with Attention Deficit Disorders and Effective Instructional Practices by Williams, Kathleen Gait, Edd from Northern Illinois University, 1996, 162 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9716565

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An Analysis of Young Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder on Stimulant Medication and Their Perceptual Styles As Measured by the Multi-modal Paired Associates Learning Test Iii by Ferry-ettel, Donna Lee; Phd from University of South Florida, 2000, 154 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9968809

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An Investigation of Social Skills and Attributional Styles of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder/hyperactivity by Kisamore, Cynthia S., Phd from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988, 142 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8813614

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An Investigation of the Relationship between Exercise and the Cognitive Function of Attention in Adult Students with Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Disorder by Mckenzie, Diane Lary; Phd from The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2000, 126 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9972924

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Attention Deficit Disorder (dsm Iii): the Diagnosis of Distractibility and Impulsivity in Learning Disabled and Normal Children by Ozawa, Joseph Paul, Phd from University of Southern California, 1980 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/f1019334

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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: Effects of Stimulant Drug and Biofeedback Treatments on Selected Measures of Attention, Memory, and Locus of Control by Dufresne, Francis Calo, Edd from University of Massachusetts, 1984, 424 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8500073

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Attention Deficit Disorder: a Jungian Perspective by Landau, Marcia Dianne; Phd from Pacifica Graduate Institute, 1997, 113 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3060746

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Attention Deficit Disorder: the College Experience of Seven Adults by Bramer, Jennifer Sue, Phd from Michigan State University, 1994, 217 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9431215

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Attention Deficit Disorders and Depressive Symptomatology in Children and Adolescents by Morgan, Roger D. Phd from Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center, 2002, 127 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3071584

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Attention Deficit Disorders with and without Hyperactivity: Neuropsychological Processes by Goodyear, Patricia Rogers, Phd from University of Georgia, 1990, 168 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9100675

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Bear Up Early Childhood Teachers... Accommodate Attention Deficit Disorder Children (early Childhood Teachers) by Model, Sanda Lina Florio, Phd from The Union Institute, 1994, 299 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9510001

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Behavioral Traits and Academic Achievement in Adhd Students (attention Deficit Disorder) by Boyette, Lynn Watson, Phd from The University of Mississippi, 1995, 87 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9536472

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Beliefs of Selected Educators Concerning Attention Deficit Disorder by Clampitt, Robert A. Edd from The University of Akron, 1999, 154 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9951008

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Brief Psychiatric Hospitalization and Its Effect on the Educational Placement of Students with Attention Deficit Disorder (hyperactivity) by Dahle, Karen Bowen, Edd from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992, 130 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9224537

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Comorbidity of Central Auditory Processing Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorders in Children (auditory Processing, Language Development) by Riccio, Cynthia A., Phd from University of Georgia, 1993, 165 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9329834

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Comparison of Self-concept Ratings and Scoring Patterns on Selected Instruments with Learning Disabled/attention Deficit Disorder, Learning Disabled, Tested-notdiagnosed, and Normal Preadolescents by Nichols-watts, Linda, Edd from University of Arkansas, 1987, 92 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8718835

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Congruence of Behavioral Symptomatology in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder without Hyperactivity, and Children with Learning Disabilities by Stanford, Lisa D., Phd from University of Georgia, 1992, 89 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9235485

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Counselor Intervention Using Visual Learning Strategies for Adolescent Attention Deficit Disorder by Sealover, Irvina E. Edd from Texas Southern University, 2000, 139 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3036327


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Developmental Output Failure: Identification in the Middle School Years (attention Deficit Disorder, Learning Disabilities, Hyperactivity) by Ward, Linda Ellen, Phd from University of Washington, 1995, 103 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9616690

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Differentiation between Children with Attention Deficit-hyperactivity Disorder and Children with Undifferentiated Attention Deficit Disorder Using the Maternal Perinatal Scale (attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by Mulkins, Rosemary Carol Schapiro, Phd from Oklahoma State University, 1993, 143 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9407267

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Does Age Make a Difference? a Comparison of Children and the Behaviors Associated with Attention Deficit Disorders by Andrews, Kimberli B., Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1999, 66 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9931460

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Effect of Computer-assisted Biofeedback on Relaxation and On-task Behavior of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Blanton, Judy Boswell, Edd from The University of Alabama, 1990, 109 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9028292

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Indices of Marital Interaction between Parents of Attention Deficit Disordered Children by Meiers, Gary Jack, Phd from University of Alberta (canada), 1992, 94 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN77132

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Information Processing in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Chee, Phyllis Sau Lin; Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1985 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NK66700

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Knowledge of Five Types of Educational Professionals Regarding Otitis Media and Related Behaviors (auditory Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder, Hearing Impaired Children, Native Americans) by Reinholtz, Marcia J., Edd from Northern Arizona University, 1986, 131 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8705750

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Memory and Retention in Hyperactive and Normal Children As a Function of Strategic Behavior (inattention, Attention Deficit Disorder) by Hoehne, Dorothy Marie, Phd from State University of New York at Buffalo, 1984, 214 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8410552

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Mothers' Perceptions of Their Hyperactive Children (the Hyperactive Syndrome) Off and on a Cerebral Stimulant (hyperkinetic, Attention Deficit Disorder, Minimal Brain Dysfunction, Damage) by Broadbent, Lorin A., Dsw from The University of Utah, 1986, 167 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8616610

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Otitis Media: Its Relationship with Delayed Reading and Attention Deficit Disorder by Kindig, Joan Schroeder, Edd from University of Virginia, 1995, 150 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9600394

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Parental Perception of the Impact on the Marital and Family Functioning of the Attention Deficit Disorder Child: a Qualitative Study by Howard, Barbara Gwen, Phd from Texas Woman's University, 1993, 128 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9417390

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Perceptions of Elementary Educators Concerning Addh in Children (attention Deficit Disorder, Hyperactivity) by Griswold, Douglas Scott, Phd from Boston College, 1991, 216 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9119560

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Relationship between Maternal Marital Satisfaction and Attention Deficit Disorders with and without Hyperactivity (marital Satisfaction) by Abbott, Alan A., Phd from University of Georgia, 1992, 93 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9301169

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Separable/integral Responding in Children Demonstrating Attention Deficit Disorder by Amin, Kiran; Phd from Mcgill University (canada), 1987 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL44281

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Social Competence of Children with Learning Disabilities (attention Deficit Disorder) by Hozid, Louise, Edd from Harvard University, 1995, 102 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9534606

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Social Interaction Patterns of Attention Deficit Disorder and Conduct Disorder Adolescent Males (skills, Self-esteem) by Trevino, Armandina Teresa, Phd from The University of Texas at Austin, 1986, 202 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8700298

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Stories of Parents and Families Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder. Treatment, Perceived Effectiveness and Management Status: a Composite Approach by Mitchell, Pamela J. Phd from Fielding Graduate Institute, 2002, 239 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3041673

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Subtyping of Attention Deficit Disorder with and without Hyperactivity: Differences on Visual-spatial Measures by Matazow, Gail Suzanne, Phd from University of Georgia, 1990, 114 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9107208

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Sustained and Selective Attention in Subtypes of Learning Disabilities and Attention Deficit Disorders (sustained Attention) by Morrison, Sylvia R., Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1992, 194 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NN73800

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Sustained Attention and Distractibility in Emotionally Disturbed, Learning Disabled, and Normal Children: Operationally Defining Attention Deficit Disorders/hyperactivity by Diniro, Deborah Anne, Phd from Syracuse University, 1988, 271 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8907865

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Sustained Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with and without Hyperactivity by Stone, Penny Ann, Phd from University of Georgia, 1987, 87 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8712693

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Task Performance and Attributions for Failure in Medicated Attention Deficit Disordered Boys with Varying Attributional Styles under Different Communicated Causal Explanations by Doherty, Deborah Ann, Phd from New York University, 1989, 135 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8916018

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Teaching Problem-solving Strategies to Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (computer-assisted Instruction) by Terwilliger, Cynthia Lou, Edd from United States International University, 1987, 94 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8715394


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The Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes for Attention Deficit Disorder Children: a Prospective Follow-up Study (conduct Disorders) by Freudenthal, Deborah Fay, Phd from Georgia State University, 1992, 195 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9228134

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The Adult-adhd Rating Scale: a Report of Its Development and Initial Validation (attention Deficit Disorder) by Boatwright, Barbara Spaulding, Phd from The University of Memphis, 1994, 94 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9506747

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The Clinical Process and Client Satisfaction (attention Deficit Disorder, Parent Satisfaction, Learning Disability, Path Modelling, Wisconsin) by Porter, Stephen H., Phd from University of Minnesota, 1986, 167 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8610488

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The Effect of Age and Educational Setting on the Manifestation of Attention Deficit Disorder in the Classroom by Elementary and High School Learning-disabled Students by Schnapp, Linda, Phd from University of Maryland College Park, 1991, 240 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9133156

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The Effect of Attention on Conceptualizing and Reasoning in Adolescents and Young Adults with Attention Deficits (attention Deficit Disorder, Hyperactivity) by Inglis, Aleida Kudarauskas, Edd from Harvard University, 1995, 90 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9534607

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The Effects of Methylphenidate on the Repeated Acquisition Performance of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Giuliano, Christopher Paul, Phd from Western Michigan University, 1991, 65 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9201559

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The Effects of Ritalin on Levels of Processing and Laterality in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Malone, Molly; Phd from University of Toronto (canada), 1986 http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NL34167

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The Effects of Social Skills and Peer/parent Facilitation Generalization Training on the Impulsive, Aggressive, and Noncompliant Behavior of Peer-rejected Students Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder by Harbeitner, Mary Hilado, Phd from University of South Florida, 1996, 307 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9710788

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The Effects of Television Viewing on the Academic Performance of Elementary School Children with Attention Deficit Disorder (attention Deficit Disorder) by Schaefer, Wayne Gerald, Edd from Western Michigan University, 1991, 94 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9211827

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The Experience of Women University Students Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder by Dwyer, Sonya Lee Corbin, Phd from University of Calgary (canada), 1998, 171 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/NQ31021

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The Influence of Attention Deficit Disorder on Mother's Perception of Family Stress: Or, 'lady, Why Can't You Control Your Child?' by Cronin, Anne Frances, Phd from University of Florida, 1995, 177 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9607357

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The Relationship between Academic Underachievement and Intellectual Ability in Children with Conduct Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity by Nieves, Naomi, Phd from University of Georgia, 1989, 87 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9003439

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The Relationship between Affective Symptomatology and the Attention Deficit Disorders by Hern, Kelly Lowell, Phd from University of Georgia, 1990, 90 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9100679

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The Relationship of Attention Deficit Disorder and the Internalizing Dimension in Males, Ages 9--0 Through 11--11 by Baxter, Janet K. Edd from Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 2000, 126 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9969187

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The Relationship of Vestibular Dysfunction and Spatial Orientation in Reading Disabled Boys with Attention Deficit Disorder by Byl, Nancy Nies, Phd from University of California, Berkeley with San Francisco State Univ., 1985, 376 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8610295

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The Role of the Principal in Meeting the Needs of Students with Attention Deficit Disorder by Elder, Sue Gibson, Edd from The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1998, 120 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9833397

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The Social Construction of a New Diagnostic Category: Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults by Leffers, Jeanne Mahoney, Phd from Brown University, 1997, 275 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9738584

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The Social Construction of Attention Deficit Disorder: an Ethnography and Archaeology (michel Foucault) by Robbins, Katheryn Smith; Phd from University of Missouri - Columbia, 1999, 183 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9946289

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The Use of Metacognition to Increase the Attention, Problem-solving Skills, and Learning Performance of School-age Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Onghai, Judy Go; Phd from University of California, Los Angeles, 1999, 112 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9952490

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Underachievement: the Two Type Hypothesis (learning Disability, Gifted, Attention Deficit Disorder) by Klein, Jerome, Edd from Rutgers the State University of New Jersey - New Brunswick, 1984, 136 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8411609

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Wisc-r Analysis and Profiles As Determinants of Learning Problem Diagnoses among Children with Superior Intelligence (gifted, Bannatyne, Attention Deficit Disorder, Learning Disability) by Marek, Marilyn Faye, Phd from Texas A&m University, 1985, 96 pages http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/8528348

Keeping Current Ask the medical librarian at your library if it has full and unlimited access to the ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. From the library, you should be able to do more complete searches via http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations.

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CHAPTER 5. CLINICAL TRIALS AND ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we will show you how to keep informed of the latest clinical trials concerning attention deficit disorder.

Recent Trials on Attention Deficit Disorder The following is a list of recent trials dedicated to attention deficit disorder.5 Further information on a trial is available at the Web site indicated. •

Attention Deficit Disorder and Exposure to Lead Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Purpose - Excerpt: We are examining the past exposure to lead in 250 well characterized children with ADHD, and a suitable group of controls. Our measure of past exposure is bone lead levels obtained by XRay fluorescence spectroscopy, a relatively new way of estimating bone lead concentrations, and by inference, body lead burdens. By comparing the lead concentrations in these two groups, controlling for other factors which could confound, we will estimate odds ratios for ADHD given elevated bone lead, and estimate the contribution of lead to this disease of childhood. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00014898

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Biological Markers in Childhood Psychiatric Disorders Condition(s): Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

5

These are listed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.


Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: This research study is linked with other research studies on childhood psychiatric conditions being conducted at the NIMH. One part of this study will allow researchers to follow a group of patients previously diagnosed with ADHD. These patients have already undergone some evaluation, including a MRI of the brain. During the follow-up portion of this study patients will undergo structured psychiatric interviews and be asked to complete some neuropsychological tests. The patients will also undergo a repeat MRI, under one of the linked studies titled, "Brain Imaging of Childhood Onset Psychiatric Disorders, Endocrine Disorders, and Healthy Controls" (89-M-0006). In addition to the clinical evaluation of the patients, further research will be conducted on the genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This part of the study will be linked to another research study titled, "Genetic Aspects of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders" (96-M-0060). Family members of patients with ADHD and control subjects will also be evaluated under this study. Researchers believe that if ADHD is a disorder of the brain, by studying the anatomy of brain development and the genetic factors that are involved, they can better understand the causes of ADHD. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001206 •

Brain Imaging of Childhood Onset Psychiatric Disorders, Endocrine Disorders and Healthy Children Condition(s): Autoimmune Disease; Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia; Healthy; Mental Disorder Diagnosed in Childhood; Neurologic Manifestations Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unlike X-rays and CT-scans does not use radiation to create a picture. MRI use as the name implies, magnetism to create pictures with excellent anatomical resolution. Functional MRIs are diagnostic tests that allow doctors to not only view anatomy, but physiology and function. It is for these reasons that MRIs are excellent methods for studying the brain. In this study, researchers will use MRIs to assess brain anatomy and function in normal volunteers and patients with a variety of childhood onset psychiatric disorders. The disorders include attention deficit disorder, autism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, childhoodonset schizophrenia, dyslexia, multidimesional impairment syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection (PANDAS), stuttering, Sydenham's chorea, and Tourette's syndrome. Results of the MRIs showing the anatomy of the brain and brain function will be compared across age, sex (gender), and diagnostic groups. Correlations between brain and behavioral measures will be examined for normal and clinical populations. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001246

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Clonidine in ADHD Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the benefits and side effects of two medications used alone or in combination to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00031395

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Genetic Analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) Purpose - Excerpt: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood, affecting 3-5% of children between the ages of 7 and 17. Family studies suggest that there is a genetic component to ADHD. Scientists believe that it is a complex disorder in which two or more genes may be involved. Potentially eligible families will be asked to give written consent to participate and will be asked to complete questionnaires for each member in the family. In addition, an interview will be administered to the parent of minors enrolled in the study to determine their eligibility for being in the study. This screening tool is computerized and will take approximately 45 minutes to administer per child. Once screenings are completed, a blood collection kit will be sent to the family to take to their local medical care provider, have blood samples drawn and sent to NIH. There is no cost to the family to participate. We would like to enroll entire families, with both parents and all children. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00046059

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Genetic Aspects of Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Bipolar Disorder; Mental Disorder Diagnosed in Childhood; Mental Retardation; Schizophrenia Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of the genetic causes of specific neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The study will focus on conditions of mental retardation, childhood onset schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), atypical psychosis of childhood, and bipolar affective disorder. The study addresses the belief that there may be several genes contributing to the illness. Researchers intend to use several molecular genetic techniques in order to identify the areas of chromosomes containing genes responsible for the development of


these disorders. Patients will be selected to participate in this study based on an early age of onset of their condition as well as the severity of the illness and the frequency of the illness among family members. Researchers will collect DNA samples from patients as well as affected and unaffected family members of each patient. The DNA samples collected will be analyzed for a variety of genetic abnormalities including; triplet repeat expansions, chromosome rearrangements, and polymorphisms. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001544 •

MRI Brain Imaging of White Matter in Children Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Healthy Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: This study will use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide information about connections between brain regions in children with and without learning or behavioral problems. MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves to provide detailed images of the brain. MRI brain imaging is usually done at a magnetic strength of 1.5 Tesla. However, scans have been performed with magnetic fields up to 4 Tesla with no known serious side effects. This study will use a magnetic strength of 3 Tesla to obtain high-quality images. Monozygotic (identical) twins 6 to 21 years of age in good physical health may be eligible for this study. The study will include twin pairs in which 1) both have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); 2) only one of the pair has ADHD, and 3) neither has ADHD. Candidates will be screened with questionnaires and interviews, psychometric testing, and a physical examination. Permission may be asked to review medical and educational records. Participants will have an MRI brain scan. For this procedure, vitamin E capsules wrapped in gauze are placed in each ear and on the left cheekbone. These capsules show up on the MRI images and provide reference marks for image analysis. In addition, the capsules in the ears help to muffle the loud noises the scanner makes during switching of electrical fields. The subject lies on a padded table and an open helmet device is placed around the head. The table is moved forward into the scanner - a donut shaped machine with a magnetic field - until the head reaches the center of the scanner. Images are produced in sessions varying from 2 to 25 minutes. The entire procedure usually lasts from 45 to 60 minutes, with a maximum of 2 hours. Before undergoing the actual scan, subjects will have a training session in a simulated MRI scanner-a mockup that allows measurement of head movements. The simulator is used to train subjects to lie still during scanning. A small adhesive disk attached to the subject's forehead measures head movements. The subject watches a video he or she has selected, and when head movement exceeds a certain amount, the video is stopped for 3 seconds. As head movement decreases, the level of movement that pauses the video is also decreased. This progressive feedback method has been used for many years to train children to keep still during the MRI procedure. Participants may be asked to return for a follow-up scan in about 2 years. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00008892

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Nutrient intake in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); Heppe Foundation Purpose - Excerpt: Specific nutrient deficiencies have been described in children with ADHD including zinc, magnesium, calcium, and essential fatty acids. In addition, children with ADHD have been noted to behave and concentrate better in some studies when the ratio of protein compared with carbohydrate in their diets was increased, however, this was anecdotal information noted from studies designed to study other factors, so its not clear if the increased protein is actually the cause of the improved behavior. In our clinical practice, we have noted a high incidence of what appears to be carbohydrate "craving" among children with ADHD, which can put children at risk for obesity, diabetes type II, and additional dysregulation of mood and concentration. Carbohydrate craving is a well-documented phenomenon in adults, particularly those with certain patterns of obesity, mood disorders, or those undergoing smoking cessation programs. It has not been studied in children, however. Thus, this initial study was designed to determine 1) whether or not children with ADHD have different patterns of nutrient intake compared with children in the same family and children in families without a child with ADHD, 2) if the described nutrient deficiencies are due to decreased intake, and 3) whether there is an increased occurrence of carbohydrate craving, based on parents' perceptions, eating patterns, and actual intake, among children (or certain subgroups of children) with ADHD. The information gained from this study will be used to design additional studies to test causative hypotheses and intervention strategies. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00011466

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Preventing Behavior Problems in Children with ADHD Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a combination of treatments in preventing behaviors that are typically associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in young children. Phase(s): Phase II Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00057668

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Study of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is currently recruiting patients.


Sponsor(s): National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Purpose - Excerpt: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a condition characterized by a decreased attention span, hyperactivity, and/or impulsiveness inappropriate for a certain age. Typically, young children have what are known as subtle neurological signs. These are involuntary movements of one part of the body that occur while the child is making a voluntary movement of another part of the body. This is referred to as synkinesis, or overflow movements. These overflow movements disappear during normal development and are usually gone by the age of 10. However, in children with ADHD these overflow movements tend to be more intense and last long after the age of 10. This leads researchers to believe there is an abnormality in the maturation and development of the brain areas associated with motor activity in children with ADHD. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that gives information about brain function. It is very useful when studying areas of the nervous system related to motor activity (motor cortex, corticospinal tract, and corpus callosum). A magnetic signal given from a special instrument held close to the patient's head stimulates a small area of the brain that controls a few muscles (for example, the muscles that control one finger). Doctors put electrodes (small pieces of metal taped to areas of the body) over the muscle to measure the electrical activity the muscle produces when it makes a movement. When the magnetic signal activates those muscles the electrodes pick up and record the electrical activity of the movement that the muscles make in response to the magnetic signal. Researchers will study normal children and those diagnosed with ADHD using TMS to find out if the clinical abnormalities of ADHD are associated with a delay or abnormality in maturation of areas of the nervous system responsible for motor activity (motor cortex and corticospinal tract). Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001915 •

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Study With Adults Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): (Sponsor Name Pending) Purpose - Excerpt: A placebo controlled study evaulating the efficacy and safety of medication in adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00048360

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Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autistic Disorder; Pervasive Development Disorders Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

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Purpose - Excerpt: This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate for treating hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and distractibility in 60 children and adolescents with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD). Methylphenidate (Ritalin)is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Data supporting its safety and effectiveness in treating ADHD symptoms in PDD are limited. Children and adolescents who do not show a positive response to methylphenidate will be invited to participate in a pilot study of the non-stimulant medication guanfacine (Tenex). Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00025779 •

Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Substance-Related Disorders; Dyssocial Behavior Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: This trial is a continuation of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA Study). Continuation Aim 1 is to track the persistence of intervention-related effects as the MTA sample matures into mid-adolescence, including subsequent mental-health and school-related service utilization patterns as a function of MTA treatment experience (treatment assignment) and outcome (degree of treatment success at 14 mo.). Aim 2 is to test specific hypotheses about predictors, mediators, and moderators of long-term outcome among children with ADHD (e.g., comorbidity; family functioning; cognitive skills; peer relations) that may influence adolescent functioning (either independent of or through initial treatment assignment and/or 14-month treatment outcomes); and to compare how these predictors, mediators, and moderators are similar or dissimilar within the normal comparison group. Aim 3 is to track the patterns of risk and protective factors (including their mediation or moderation by initial treatment assignment and/or outcome) involved in early and subsequent stages of developing substance-related disorders and antisocial behavior. Aim 4 is to examine the effect of initial treatment assignment and degree of treatment success on later academic performance, achievement, school conduct, tendency to drop out, and other adverse school outcomes. In the original MTA design, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: (1) medication only; (2) psychosocial only; (3) combined (medication and psychosocial); or (4) Assessment-and-Referral condition. All but the latter were treated intensively for 14 months, with assessments for all subjects at baseline, 3, 9, 14, and 24 months. The original MTA design thus provides short-term (10 months post-treatment) follow-up at 24 months. This continuation extends the follow-up to assessments at 36, 60, and 84 months after treatment. A child may be eligible for this study if he/she: Is 7 9 years old, and has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Phase(s): Phase IV Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00000388


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Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool-Age Children (PATS) Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is no longer recruiting patients. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: This research focuses on the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in very young children. The medication being used is methylphenidate (Ritalin); it is being studied to determine its safety and how well it works to treat ADHD in preschool-age children (3-5.5 year olds). Phase(s): Phase III Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00018863

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Assessment of Attentional Functioning in Children with HIV-1 Infection Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; HIV Infections; Paralysis Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Cancer Institute (NCI) Purpose - Excerpt: Children with symptomatic HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection are at increased risk for developing severely disabling neurological and neuropsychological deficits. HIV-1 related CNS (Central Nervous System) disease is a clinical syndrome, manifested by varying and sometimes discordant degrees of cognitive, motor and behavioral impairment. A continuum of clinical presentations attributed to the effects of HIV-1 infection on the CNS, ranging from apparently normal development, decreases in the rate of new learning to the loss of acquired skills have been observed. Two domains of psychological functioning appear most susceptible to the effects of HIV infection on the central nervous system in children: expressive behavior and attentional processes (Brouwers, et al, 1994). Attention deficits have been documented as a relative weakness on the "freedom from distractibility" subclass of IQ tests (Brouwers et al, 1989) and on behavior assessment (Moss et al, 1994). Attention, however, has many subcomponents such as focused attention, divided attention, vigilance, etc. Direct assessment of attentional functioning using reaction time has not yet been conducted and questions whether attentional components are differentially affected by the virus have not been addressed. The proposed study would assess different components of attentional functioning in children with HIV-1 disease. A quantitative and systematic method is developed that could complement the existing standardized instruments used for measuring attention and neurocognitive function in this population. Simple alerted visual reaction time will be measured with varying preparatory intervals, a two-choice reaction time in a go/no-go paradigm will be administered, and a continuous performance, divided reaction time test and an object decision task will be given. Performance on these measures will also be related to measures of brain structure and stage of HIV-1 disease. Study Type: Observational Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00001497

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Cocaine Abuse and Attention Deficit Disorder - 3 Condition(s): Cocaine-Related Disorders Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); New York State Psychiatric Institute Purpose - Excerpt: Cocaine Abuse and Attention Deficit Disorder Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00000268

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Condition(s): Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Study Status: This study is completed. Sponsor(s): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Purpose - Excerpt: The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating adult patients with medication-resistant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Phase(s): Phase I Study Type: Interventional Contact(s): see Web site below Web Site: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00050050

Keeping Current on Clinical Trials The U.S. National Institutes of Health, through the National Library of Medicine, has developed ClinicalTrials.gov to provide current information about clinical research across the broadest number of diseases and conditions. The site was launched in February 2000 and currently contains approximately 5,700 clinical studies in over 59,000 locations worldwide, with most studies being conducted in the United States. ClinicalTrials.gov receives about 2 million hits per month and hosts approximately 5,400 visitors daily. To access this database, simply go to the Web site at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ and search by “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms). While ClinicalTrials.gov is the most comprehensive listing of NIH-supported clinical trials available, not all trials are in the database. The database is updated regularly, so clinical trials are continually being added. The following is a list of specialty databases affiliated with the National Institutes of Health that offer additional information on trials: •

For clinical studies at the Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center located in Bethesda, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/

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For clinical studies conducted at the Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, visit their Web site: http://www.jhbmc.jhu.edu/studies/index.html


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For cancer trials, visit the National Cancer Institute: http://cancertrials.nci.nih.gov/

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For eye-related trials, visit and search the Web page of the National Eye Institute: http://www.nei.nih.gov/neitrials/index.htm

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For heart, lung and blood trials, visit the Web page of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For trials on aging, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute on Aging: http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/studies/index.htm

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For rare diseases, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the Office of Rare Diseases: http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/resources/rsch_trials.asp

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For alcoholism, visit the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/intramural/Web_dicbr_hp/particip.htm

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For trials on infectious, immune, and allergic diseases, visit the site of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/clintrials/

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For trials on arthritis, musculoskeletal and skin diseases, visit newly revised site of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health: http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/studies/index.htm

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For hearing-related trials, visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/clinical/index.htm

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For trials on diseases of the digestive system and kidneys, and diabetes, visit the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/patient/patient.htm

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For drug abuse trials, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: http://www.nida.nih.gov/CTN/Index.htm

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For trials on mental disorders, visit and search the Web site of the National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/studies/index.cfm

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For trials on neurological disorders and stroke, visit and search the Web site sponsored by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the NIH: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/funding/funding_opportunities.htm#Clinical_Trials

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CHAPTER 6. PATENTS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview Patents can be physical innovations (e.g. chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment) or processes (e.g. treatments or diagnostic procedures). The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a patent as a grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office.6 Patents, therefore, are intellectual property. For the United States, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date when the patent application was filed. If the inventor wishes to receive economic benefits, it is likely that the invention will become commercially available within 20 years of the initial filing. It is important to understand, therefore, that an inventor’s patent does not indicate that a product or service is or will be commercially available. The patent implies only that the inventor has “the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling” the invention in the United States. While this relates to U.S. patents, similar rules govern foreign patents. In this chapter, we show you how to locate information on patents and their inventors. If you find a patent that is particularly interesting to you, contact the inventor or the assignee for further information. IMPORTANT NOTE: When following the search strategy described below, you may discover non-medical patents that use the generic term “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym) in their titles. To accurately reflect the results that you might find while conducting research on attention deficit disorder, we have not necessarily excluded non-medical patents in this bibliography.

Patents on Attention Deficit Disorder By performing a patent search focusing on attention deficit disorder, you can obtain information such as the title of the invention, the names of the inventor(s), the assignee(s) or the company that owns or controls the patent, a short abstract that summarizes the patent, and a few excerpts from the description of the patent. The abstract of a patent tends to be more technical in nature, while the description is often written for the public. Full patent descriptions contain much more information than is presented here (e.g. claims, references, figures, diagrams, etc.). We will tell you how to obtain this information later in the chapter. Adapted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office: http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/whatis.htm. 6


The following is an example of the type of information that you can expect to obtain from a patent search on attention deficit disorder: •

Compositions and methods for treatment of attention deficit disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with methylphenidate Inventor(s): Dixon; Terese A. (Miami, FL), Mantelle; Juan (Miami, FL) Assignee(s): Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Miami, FL) Patent Number: 6,348,211 Date filed: July 18, 2000 Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and compositions for topical application of methylphenidate comprising methylphenidate in a flexible, finite system wherein the methylphenidate is present in an amount sufficient to achieve substantially zero order kinetics for delivery to the skin or mucosa of a patient in need thereof over a period of time at least 10 hours. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to compositions and methods of treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by means of topical application of methylphenidate in a pharmaceutically acceptable adhesive carrier, in an amount sufficient to achieve substantially zero-order kinetics over a period of at least 10 hours. ... Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (severally and collectively hereinafter referred to as "AD") are developmental disorders of self-control. They consist of problems with attention span, impulse control and activity level. These problems are reflected in impairment of a person's will or capacity to control his or her own behavior relative to the passage of time and to keep future goals and consequences in mind. ... Traditionally, methylphenidate has been used as the drug of choice for the treatment of AD in both children and adults for several reasons. Methylphenidate, described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,957,880, is a central nervous system stimulant. Though not an amphetamine, methylphenidate functions in a similar way in the brain. The current commercially available dosage form (Ritalin.RTM. tablets) and available strengths of the tablets fall short of providing effective treatment for a significant portion of the patient's waking hours. Methylphenidate has a short duration of action of from about 2 to 4 hours. A controlled release tablet of methylphenidate is commercially available, but is available only in one strength. This product, which was designed to eliminate the need for multiple administration of a tablet during the school day for children and reduce dosing to either once or twice a day, falls short of providing effective treatment for a significant portion of the patient's waking hours. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06348211__

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Method for treating attention deficit disorder Inventor(s): Glatt; David L. (Doylestown, PA), Rupniak; Nadia (Bishops Stortford, GB), Kramer; Mark S. (Dresher, PA) Assignee(s): Merck & Co., Inc. (Rahway, NJ) Patent Number: 6,242,446 Date filed: May 31, 2000

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Abstract: Tachykinin receptor antagonists that are useful for treating or preventing attention deficit disorder, optionally associated with hyperactivity in a patient, are desclosed. Excerpt(s): Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a learning disorder which relates to developmentally inappropriate inattention and impulsivity which may be present with or without hyperactivity. Attention deficit disorder is implicated in learning disorders and can influence the behavior of children at any cognitive level. ADD is primarily a disorder experienced by children, but it may be present in adults as well. ADD is estimated to affect 5 to 10% of school-aged children, precipitating half of the childhood referrals to diagnostic clinics and it is seen 10 times more frequently in boys than girls. A common disorder, ADD probably accounts for more child mental health referrals than any other single disorder. Attention deficit disorder may also be referred to as disruptive behavior disorder. ... The primary signs of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity are a subject's display of inattention and impulsivity. Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity is diagnosed when the signs of overactivity are obvious. Inappropriate inattention causes increased rates of activity and impersistence or reluctance to participate or respond. A subject suffering from ADD exhibits a consistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development. Such subjects must suffer clear evidence of interference with developmentally appropriate social, academic, or occupational functioning. Although subjects with ADD and without hyperactivity may not manifest high activity levels, most exhibit restlessness or jitteriness, short attention span, and poor impulse control. These are qualitatively different from those seen in conduct and anxiety disorders. Inattention is described as a failure to finish tasks started, easy distractibility, seeming lack of attention, and difficulty concentrating on tasks requiring sustained attention. Impulsivity is described as acting before thinking, difficulty taking turns, problems organizing work, and constant shifting from one activity to another. Impulsive responses are especially likely when involved with uncertainty and the need to attend carefully. Hyperactivity is featured as difficulty staying seated and sitting still, and running or climbing excessively. ... Primary signs tend to appear when the attention deficit disorder patient is involved in vigilance and reaction-time tasks and tasks requiring visual and perceptual search, paired associate learning, systematic listening, continuous performance, and directed attention. Inattention and impulsivity restrict development of academic skills and concepts, thinking and reasoning strategies, motivation for school, and adjustment to social demands. Behavior of patients suffering from attention deficit disorder often is more resistant to treatment than that of patients with other behavioral disorders. Associated or secondary signs are frequently noted: motor incoordination, nonlocalized "soft" neurologic findings, perceptual-motor dysfunctions, EEG abnormalities, emotional lability, opposition, anxiety, aggressiveness, low frustration tolerance, and poor peer relationships. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US06242446__


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Methods for prevention and treatment of attention deficit disorder Inventor(s): Dull; Gary Maurice (1175 Sequoia Dr., Lewisville, NC 27023), Caldwell; William Scott (1270 Yorkshire Rd., Winston-Salem, NC 27106), Lippiello; Patrick Michael (1233 Arboretum Dr., Lewisville, NC 27023), Bencherif; Merouane (5437 BCountryside Dr., Winston-Salem, NC 27105) Assignee(s): none reported Patent Number: 5,885,998 Date filed: February 12, 1998 Abstract: Patients susceptible to or suffering from attention deficit disorder are treated by administering an effective amount of an aryl subsistituted aliphatic compound, an aryl substituted olefinic amine compound or an aryl substituted acetylenic compound. Exemplary compounds are (E)-4-(5-pyrimidinyl)-3-butene-1-amine, (E)-4-›3-(5methoxypyridin)yl!-3-butene-1-amine, (E)-N-methyl-4-(5-pyrimidinyl)-3-butene-1amine, (E)-N-methyl-4-›3-(5-methoxypyrindin)yl!-3-butene-1-amine, (Z)-metanicotine, (E)-metanicotine, N-methyl-(3-pyridinyl)-butane-1-amine, N-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl)-3butyne-1-amine and (E)-N-methyl-4-›3-(6-methylpyrindin)yl!-3-butene-1-amine. Excerpt(s): The present invention relates to compounds having pharmaceutical properties, and in particular, to compounds useful for preventing and treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The present invention relates to a method for treating patients suffering from or susceptible to such disorders, and in particular, to a method for treating patients suffering from those disorders which are associated with neurotransmitter system dysfunction. The present invention also relates to compositions of matter useful as pharmaceutical compositions in the prevention and treatment of CNS disorders which have been attributed to neurotransmitter system dysfunction. ... Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, mainly afflicting the elderly; characterized by a progressive intellectual and personality decline, as well as a loss of memory, perception, reasoning, orientation and judgment. One feature of the disease is an observed decline in the function of cholinergic systems, and specifically, a severe depletion of cholinergic neurons (i.e., neurons that release acetylcholine, which is believed to be a neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory mechanisms). See, Jones, et al., Intern. J. Neurosci., Vol. 50, p. 147 (1990); Perry, Br. Med. Bull., Vol. 42, p. 63 (1986) and Sitaram. et al., Science, Vol.201, p. 274 (1978). It has been observed that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which bind nicotine and other nicotinic agonists with high affinity, are depleted during the progression of SDAT. See, Giacobini, J. Neurosci. Res., Vol. 27, p. 548 (1990); and Baron, Neurology, Vol. 36, p. 1490 (1986). As such, it would seem desirable to provide therapeutic compounds which either directly activate nicotinic receptors in place of acetylcholine or act to minimize the loss of those nicotinic receptors. ... Certain attempts have been made to treat SDAT. For example, nicotine has been suggested to possess an ability to activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors upon acute administration, and to elicit an increase in the number of such receptors upon chronic administration to animals. See, Rowell, Adv. Behav. Biol., Vol. 31, p. 191 (1987); and Marks, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., Vol. 226, p. 817 (1983). It also has been proposed that nicotine can act directly to elicit the release of acetylcholine in brain tissue, to improve cognitive functions, and to enhance attention. See, Rowell, et al., J. Neurochem., Vol. 43, p. 1593 (1984); Sherwood, Human Psychopharm., Vol. 8, pp. 155-184 (1993); Hodges, et al., Bio. of Nic., Edit. by Lippiello, et al., p. 157 (1991); Sahakian, et al., Br. J. Psych., Vol. 154, p. 797 (1989); and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,965,074 to Leeson and 5,242,935 to Lippiello et al. Other methods for treating SDAT have been proposed, including U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,212,188 to Caldwell et al.

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and 5,227,391 to Caldwell et al. and European Patent Application No. 588,917. Another proposed treatment for SDAT is Cognex, which is a capsule containing tacrine hydrochloride, available from Parke-Davis Division of Warner-Lambert Company, which reportedly preserves existing acetylchloine levels in patients treated therewith. Web site: http://www.delphion.com/details?pn=US05885998__

Keeping Current In order to stay informed about patents and patent applications dealing with attention deficit disorder, you can access the U.S. Patent Office archive via the Internet at the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. You will see two broad options: (1) Issued Patent, and (2) Published Applications. To see a list of issued patents, perform the following steps: Under “Issued Patents,” click “Quick Search.” Then, type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “Term 1” box. After clicking on the search button, scroll down to see the various patents which have been granted to date on attention deficit disorder. You can also use this procedure to view pending patent applications concerning attention deficit disorder. Simply go back to the following Web address: http://www.uspto.gov/patft/index.html. Select “Quick Search” under “Published Applications.” Then proceed with the steps listed above.

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CHAPTER 7. BOOKS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview This chapter provides bibliographic book references relating to attention deficit disorder. In addition to online booksellers such as www.amazon.com and www.bn.com, excellent sources for book titles on attention deficit disorder include the Combined Health Information Database and the National Library of Medicine. Your local medical library also may have these titles available for loan.

Book Summaries: Federal Agencies The Combined Health Information Database collects various book abstracts from a variety of healthcare institutions and federal agencies. To access these summaries, go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. You will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. To find book summaries, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer. For the format option, select “Monograph/Book.” Now type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database which is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for books on attention deficit disorder: •

Children With Tourette Syndrome: A Parents' Guide Source: Rockville, MD: Woodbine House, Inc. 1992. 350 p. Contact: Available from Woodbine House, Inc. 5615 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852. (800) 843-7323. PRICE: $14.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0933149441. Summary: This handbook, written for parents of children and teenagers with Tourette Syndrome, offers up-to-date, concrete information and advice for dealing with this neurological disorder. The authors offer families a foundation for understanding this complex disorder and for developing strategies that can help their child become a productive, happy adult. Topics covered include medical, educational, legal, family life, daily care, and emotional issues. The authors discuss treatments, including those for related conditions such as attention deficit disorder (ADD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); behavior management techniques; tips on handling the reactions of


others; parent advocacy; coping with feelings of guilt and resentment; and getting help for a child at school. Coprolalia and language development are also discussed. Tables listing developmental milestones in language and other areas are included. Parent statements appear at the end of each chapter; experienced parents share feelings and practical insights that can be especially helpful to new parents. The book concludes with a detailed listing of organizations (including state-by-state resources), a reading list, a subject index, and a glossary. (AA-M). •

Children with disabilities: A medical primer. (3rd ed.) Source: Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company. 1992. 664 pp. Contact: Available from Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company, P.O. Box 10624, Baltimore, MD 21285-0624. Telephone: (800) 638-3775 or (410) 337-9580 / fax: (410) 3378539 / e-mail: [email protected]. $29.00; new edition available July 1997. Summary: Written primarily for a health care audience (special educators, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech and language pathologists, social workers, child life specialists), this book has found an additional audience in parents and in others who work with families of children with special health needs. Information on a wide range of topics is covered: heredity, birth defects, normal fetal growth and development, labor and delivery, premature birth, nutrition, dental care, brain and nervous system, bones and muscles, and normal and abnormal development. Additional chapters cover specific problems of vision, hearing, speech and language, autism, attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity, learning disabilities, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. The final chapters discuss how families cope with a child with special needs; ethical dilemmas; and public benefits, legal services, and estate planning for families. Appendices include a glossary, a brief description of certain syndromes, a list of resources, and general lifesaving techniques.

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Adverse reactions to food Source: Chicago, IL: American Dietetic Association. 1991. 70 pp. Contact: Available from Customer Service, American Dietetic Association, 216 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 800, Chicago, IL 60606-6995. Telephone: (312) 899-0040 or (800) 877-1600 or (800) 366-1655 or (800) 225-5267 / fax: (312) 899-1758 / Web site: http://www.eatright.org. $ 8.45 ADA members; $9.95 nonmembers; prepayment required; make checks payable to ADA. Summary: This book examines the increase in food sensitivities and allergies. It provides a short historical perspective; defines terms; examines the incidence, immunological mechanisms, and clinical features. It considers methods for diagnosing food sensitivities, causal factors, controversial tests, psychological reactions to foods, and treatment methodologies. Particular attention is given to nutrition counseling, categories of reactions, and adverse reactions to particular food additives. Individual chapters look at conditions in children, at sensitivity to cow's milk, and at attention deficit disorder.

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Substance use by youth with disabilities and chronic illnesses. (2nd ed.) Source: Minneapolis, MN: National Center for Youth with Disabilities, University of Minnesota. 1990. 34 pp. Contact: Available from Liz Latts, University of Minnesota, Institute for Health and Disability, University of Minnesota Gateway, 200 Oak Street, S.E., Suite 160, Minneapolis, MN 55455-2002. Telephone: (612) 626-4032 or (612) 624-3939 TTY / fax:

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(612) 626-2134 / e-mail: [email protected] / Web site: http://www.peds.umn.edu/centers. $5.50 includes shipping and handling. Summary: This annotated bibliography on alcohol and other drug use by youth with disabilities and chronic illnesses is drawn from the computerized database of the National Center for Youth with Disabilities. The bibliography contains references published since 1980 that directly address the special developmental needs of adolescents and young adults with disabilities. The references are divided into three sections: (1) bibliographic materials on mental retardation, learning disabilities/attention deficit disorder, mental and emotional illness, sensory disabilities, chronic illnesses, and multiple disability groups; (2) training materials; and (3) a treatment selection checklist with questions that can help families and professionals seeking additional information about a particular program. [Funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau].

Book Summaries: Online Booksellers Commercial Internet-based booksellers, such as Amazon.com and Barnes&Noble.com, offer summaries which have been supplied by each title’s publisher. Some summaries also include customer reviews. Your local bookseller may have access to in-house and commercial databases that index all published books (e.g. Books in Print®). IMPORTANT NOTE: Online booksellers typically produce search results for medical and non-medical books. When searching for “attention deficit disorder” at online booksellers’ Web sites, you may discover non-medical books that use the generic term “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym) in their titles. The following is indicative of the results you might find when searching for “attention deficit disorder” (sorted alphabetically by title; follow the hyperlink to view more details at Amazon.com): •

A Comprehensive Guide to Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults: Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment by Kathleen G. Nadeau (Editor) (1995); ISBN: 0876307608; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0876307608/icongroupinterna

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A Dad's Nuts and Bolts Guide to Understanding Attention Deficit Disorder by Mark M. Jacob; ISBN: 0967546109; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0967546109/icongroupinterna

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A Parent's Guide to Attention Deficit Disorders: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia by Lisa J. Bain, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Staf; ISBN: 0440506395; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0440506395/icongroupinterna

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A Winner's Workbook: Reproducible Activities for Children With Attention Deficit Disorder by Dorothy A. Kelly (1998); ISBN: 0127850600; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0127850600/icongroupinterna

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A. D. D. from A to Z: A Comprehensive Guide to Attention Deficit Disorder by Phillip J. McLaughlin (Editor), William N. Bender (Editor) (1994); ISBN: 1570350167; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1570350167/icongroupinterna

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A.D.D. Kaleidoscope The Many Faces of Adult Attention Deficit Disorder by Joan Andrews, Denise E. Davis (1997); ISBN: 1878267035; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1878267035/icongroupinterna

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A.D.D. the Natural Approach: Help for Children With Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity by Nina Anderson, et al; ISBN: 1884820190; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1884820190/icongroupinterna


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ADD and the College Student: A Guide for High School and College Students with Attention Deficit Disorder by Patricia O., Md. Quinn (Editor); ISBN: 1557986630; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1557986630/icongroupinterna

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Add Brain: Diagnosis, Treatment and Science of Attention Deficit Disorder (Add/Adhd) in Adults, Teenagers and Children by Monroe A. Gross, Gross Monroe (1997); ISBN: 1560724307; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560724307/icongroupinterna

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ADD/ADHD Behavior-Change Resource Kit : Ready-to-Use Strategies & Activities for Helping Children with Attention Deficit Disorder by Grad L. Flick (Author) (1997); ISBN: 0876281447; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0876281447/icongroupinterna

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ADD/ADHD: A Parent's Practical Guide to Attention Deficit Disorders by Marie Annette Isom (2002); ISBN: 0970246900; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0970246900/icongroupinterna

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ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder: A common but often overlooked disorder of children by Glenn Hunsucker (1988); ISBN: 0961965002; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0961965002/icongroupinterna

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Addventures in Babysitting With Ellen Kingsley: Attention Deficit Disorder: Tips and Tricks for Childcare Providers by Ellen Kingsley, et al (2002); ISBN: 0971742308; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0971742308/icongroupinterna

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Adult A.D.D.: A Reader Friendly Guide to Identifying, Understanding, and Treating Adult Attention Deficit Disorder by Tom Whiteman, et al (1995); ISBN: 0891099069; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0891099069/icongroupinterna

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Adult Attention Deficit Disorder: Brain Mechanisms and Life Outcomes (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 931) by Jeanette Wasserstein (Editor), et al; ISBN: 080186836X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/080186836X/icongroupinterna

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All About A.D.D.: Understanding Attention Deficit Disorder by Mark Selikowitz (1995); ISBN: 0195536843; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195536843/icongroupinterna

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All About Attention Deficit Disorder by Thomas W. Phelan Ph.D. ISBN: 1889140112; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1889140112/icongroupinterna

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Alphabet Soup: A Recipe for Understanding and Treating Attention Deficit Disorder by James Javorsky (1994); ISBN: 0934695008; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0934695008/icongroupinterna

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Answers to Add: Attention Deficit Disorder with or Without Hyperactivity: A Practical Guide for Parents by John Taylor, Kurt Deppenschmidt (Illustrator) (1997); ISBN: 1575430460; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1575430460/icongroupinterna

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Are You Listening?: Attention Deficit Disorders: A Guide for Understanding and Managing Overactive, Attention Deficit and Impulsive Behaviors in Children and adolescents by Don H., Ph.D. Fontenelle, Sam D. Clements (1992); ISBN: 158741001X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/158741001X/icongroupinterna

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Attending Physician: Attention Deficit Disorder by Stephen C. Copps (1992); ISBN: 1880043025; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1880043025/icongroupinterna

Books 109

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Attention Deficit Disorder by Lewis M. Bloomingdale (Editor); ISBN: 0080364667; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080364667/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder by Juan I. Garcia; ISBN: 0945276281; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0945276281/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder by Jesse Lynn Hanley; ISBN: 1890694185; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1890694185/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder; ISBN: 0080351611; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080351611/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (1993); ISBN: 0887331556; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0887331556/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder by Andy Sheppard (1995); ISBN: 189809117X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/189809117X/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (Baldwin, Carol, Health Matters.) by Carol Baldwin (2002); ISBN: 1403402493; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1403402493/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (Diseases and Disorders Series,) by Barbara Sheen (2001); ISBN: 1560068280; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560068280/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (Health Watch) by Susan Dudley Gold, et al; ISBN: 0766016579; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0766016579/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (My Health) by Alvin, Dr. Silverstein, et al; ISBN: 0531117782; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0531117782/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder (The Millbrook Medical Library) by Wendy Moragne; ISBN: 1562946749; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1562946749/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder : A Different Perception by Thom Hartmann, et al (1997); ISBN: 1887424148; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1887424148/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder : Strategies for School-Age Children by Clare B. Jones; ISBN: 0761671951; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0761671951/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity by Friedman (1994); ISBN: 9994898604; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994898604/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder and Learning Disabilities: Reality, Myths, and Controversial Treatments by Barbara D. Ingersoll, Sam Goldstein (Contributor) (1993); ISBN: 0385469314; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0385469314/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder and Learning Disability, United States 1997-98 (Dhhs Publication, No. (Phs) 2002-1534) by Patricia N. Pastor, et al (2002); ISBN: 084060579X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/084060579X/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder and Teenagers by James, Md Shaya, James Windell (1995); ISBN: 999540091X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/999540091X/icongroupinterna


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Attention Deficit Disorder and the Law by Peter S. Latham, Patricia H. Latham (1997); ISBN: 1883560098; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1883560098/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder and the Under Fives by Tony Attwood; ISBN: 1860836178; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860836178/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder Comes of Age: Toward the Twenty-First Century by Sally E. Shaywitz, Bennett A. Shaywitz (Editor); ISBN: 0890795584; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890795584/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder in Adults by Lynn Weiss, Kenneth A. Bonnet Ph. D. (1997); ISBN: 0878339795; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0878339795/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder in Teenagers and Young Children by M Sloane (1988); ISBN: 9991080791; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9991080791/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder Misdiagnosis: Approaching ADD from a BrainBehavior/Neuropsychological Perspective for Assess by Barbara C. Fisher; ISBN: 1574440977; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1574440977/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder Sourcebook: Basic Consumer Health Information About Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults (Health Reference Series) by Dawn D. Matthews (Editor) (2002); ISBN: 0780806247; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0780806247/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: A Concise Source of Information for Parents and Teachers by H. Moghadam, Joel Fagan (1994); ISBN: 1550590820; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1550590820/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: A Professional's Guide by Teacher Created Materials Inc, et al; ISBN: 1557348839; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1557348839/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Add Syndrome by Dale R. Jordan; ISBN: 0890791767; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890791767/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Adhd and Add Syndromes by Dale R. Jordan; ISBN: 0890795304; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890795304/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Clinical and Basic Research by Terje Sagvolden (Editor), et al (1989); ISBN: 0805800980; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0805800980/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Current Concepts and Emerging Trends in Attentional and Behavioral Disorders of Childhood (Book Supplement to the Journa) by Lewis M. Bloomingdale, James Swanson; ISBN: 0080365086; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080365086/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Diagnosis And Treatment From Infancy To Adulthood by Patricia O. Quinn; ISBN: 0876308116; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0876308116/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Diagnostic, Cognitive, and Theraputic Understanding by Louis Bloomingdale; ISBN: 0893351938; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0893351938/icongroupinterna

Books 111

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Helpful, Practical Information: A Guide for Parents & Educators (Guides for Parents and Educators Series) by Elaine K. McEwan (2000); ISBN: 0877880565; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0877880565/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Identification, Course, and Rationale by Lewis M. Bloomingdale (Editor); ISBN: 0893352195; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0893352195/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Only a Mother Could Love Him by Benjamin Polis; ISBN: 1587360950; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1587360950/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Practical Activities in School by Tony Attwood (1995); ISBN: 1860831427; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860831427/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Practical Coping Methods by Barbara C. Fisher, Ross A. Beckley; ISBN: 0849318998; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0849318998/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: the Gps Guide by Tony Attwood (1996); ISBN: 1860832342; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860832342/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: the Parents' Support Book by Tony Attwood (1995); ISBN: 1860831508; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1860831508/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: What Every Parent Should Know by Stephen Titra, et al; ISBN: 1560079398; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1560079398/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: What It It? by James M.D. Shaya; ISBN: 999018349X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/999018349X/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorder: Workable Solutions by Jim Fay (Reader), et al; ISBN: 0944634508; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0944634508/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders (Dialogues in Pediatric Management; Vol 1, No 3) by Esther K. Sleator (Editor); ISBN: 0838504752; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0838504752/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders and Hyperactivity in Children by Pasquale J. Accardo, et al; ISBN: 0824784294; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0824784294/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders and Hyperactivity in Children and Adults by Pasquale J. Accardo, et al (1999); ISBN: 082471962X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/082471962X/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale School Version by Stephen B. McCarney (Editor) (1995); ISBN: 9994312413; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994312413/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders Hyperactivity and Associated Disorders (1992); ISBN: 0962018716; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962018716/icongroupinterna


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Attention Deficit Disorders Hyperactivity and Associated Disorders by Wendy S. Coleman (1993); ISBN: 0962018708; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962018708/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders Hyperactivity and Associated Disorders: A Handbook for Parents and Professionals by Wendy S. Coleman (1992); ISBN: 0962018724; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962018724/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders Intervention Manual, 2nd Edition by Stephen B. McCarney (1995); ISBN: 1878372068; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1878372068/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders: A Neurological Diagnostic Perspective by Edward F. Frates (2002); ISBN: 1581121563; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1581121563/icongroupinterna

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Attention Deficit Disorders: Assessment and Teaching by Janet W. Lerner, et al; ISBN: 0534250440; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0534250440/icongroupinterna

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Attention Without Tension: A Teacher's Handbook on Attention Deficit Disorders by Edna Copeland, Valerie L. Love (1996); ISBN: 1886941017; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1886941017/icongroupinterna

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Beyond Ritalin : Facts About Medication and Other Strategies for Helping Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorders by Stephen W. Garber (Author) (1997); ISBN: 0060977256; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0060977256/icongroupinterna

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CH.A.D.D. educators manual : an in-depth look at attention deficit disorders from an educational perspective : a project of the CH.A.D.D. National Education Committee by Mary Cahill Fowler; ISBN: 0963487507; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963487507/icongroupinterna

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Coping With Add Adhd: (Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) by Jaydene Morrison; ISBN: 1568381840; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1568381840/icongroupinterna

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Coping With Add/Adhd: Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Coping Ser) by Jaydene Morrison (2000); ISBN: 082393196X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/082393196X/icongroupinterna

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Coping With Your Attention Deficit Disorder Child: A Practical Guide for Management by James Shaya, James Windell (1995); ISBN: 9991080880; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9991080880/icongroupinterna

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Coping: Attention Deficit Disorder a Guide for Parents and Teachers by Mary Ellen Beugin (1990); ISBN: 1550590138; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1550590138/icongroupinterna

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Do You Have Attention Deficit Disorder? by James Lawrence Thomas (1996); ISBN: 0440222605; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0440222605/icongroupinterna

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Driven To Distraction : Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood Through Adulthood by Edward M. Hallowell, John J. Ratey; ISBN: 0684801280; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0684801280/icongroupinterna

Books 113

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Explaining Attention Deficit Disorder: The Neurohysiological Basis by Woods (1998); ISBN: 0761918752; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0761918752/icongroupinterna

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Focus Your Energy: Hunting for Success in Business With Attention Deficit Disorder by Thom Hartmann, Thom Hartmann (1994); ISBN: 0671516892; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0671516892/icongroupinterna

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Fragments: Coping With Attention Deficit Disorder by Amy E. Stein (2003); ISBN: 0789015927; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0789015927/icongroupinterna

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Getting Rid of Ritalin: How Neurofeedback Can Successfully Treat Attention Deficit Disorder Without Drugs by Robert W. Hill, Eduardo Castro (2002); ISBN: 1571742549; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1571742549/icongroupinterna

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Give Your Add Teen a Chance: A Guide for Parents of Teenagers With Attention Deficit Disorder by Lynn, Phd Weiss (1996); ISBN: 0891099778; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0891099778/icongroupinterna

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Help! this kid's driving me crazy! : the young child with attention deficit disorder by Lynne Adkins; ISBN: 0813426979; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0813426979/icongroupinterna

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Helping Children Cope with Attention Deficit Disorder by Patricia Gilbert, Dr. Patricia Gilbert (1998); ISBN: 0859697843; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0859697843/icongroupinterna

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Hunter in a Business World: How to Succeed in Business With Attention Deficit Disorder by Thom Hartmann; ISBN: 0887331785; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0887331785/icongroupinterna

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Hyper Kids: A Workbook for Parents and Teachers: How to Recognize and Respond to: Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Learning Disabilitie by Lendon H. Smith; ISBN: 0962697206; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0962697206/icongroupinterna

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Hyperactivity, the So-Called Attention Deficit Disorder, and the Group of Mbd Syndromes by Richard A. Gardner (1987); ISBN: 0933812159; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0933812159/icongroupinterna

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Identification and Treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder (Child Guidance Mental Health Series) by Nancy Nussbaum, Erin Bigler; ISBN: 0890792631; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0890792631/icongroupinterna

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If Your Child Is Hyperactive, Inattentive, Impulsive, Distractible: Helping the A. D. D. Child (Attention Deficit Disorder-Hyperactive Child) by Marianne Dr. Garber, et al; ISBN: 039457205X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/039457205X/icongroupinterna

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Issues in the Education of Children With Attention Deficit Disorder (1993); ISBN: 9994956027; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994956027/icongroupinterna

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K & W Guide to Colleges for Students With Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Disorder (K and W Guide to Colleges for Students With disabilitie by Marybeth Kravets (2003); ISBN: 0375763570; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0375763570/icongroupinterna


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Keys to Parenting a Child With Attention Deficit Disorders (Barron's Parenting Keys) by Francine J. McNamara, Barry Edwards McNamara (2000); ISBN: 0764112910; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0764112910/icongroupinterna

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Learning a Living: A Guide to Planning Your Career and Finding a Job for People With Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit Disorder, and Dyslexia by Dale S. Brown (2000); ISBN: 0933149875; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0933149875/icongroupinterna

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Listen, Love & Advocate: A Parent's Story of Living With Attention Deficit Disorder by Kathryn Anderson (2001); ISBN: 093638980X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/093638980X/icongroupinterna

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Living With Add: A Workbook for Adults With Attention Deficit Disorder by M. Susan Roberts, et al (1997); ISBN: 1572240636; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1572240636/icongroupinterna

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Managing Attention Deficit Disorder in Your Family: Discovering and Coping with Add, Without... by Bill Cooper (1994); ISBN: 0942361881; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0942361881/icongroupinterna

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Managing the Gift : Alternative Approaches for Attention Deficit Disorder by Dr. Kevin Ross Emery, Kevin Rass, Dr. Emery (2000); ISBN: 1890405213; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1890405213/icongroupinterna

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Medication Treatment for Attention Deficit Disorder by Glenn Hunsucker (1996); ISBN: 0961965045; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0961965045/icongroupinterna

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Nurturing Your Child : Alternative Approaches To A.D.D. (Attention Deficit Disorder) by Martha Benedict, et al; ISBN: 0965794415; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0965794415/icongroupinterna

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Only a Mother Could Love Him: Add: Attention Deficit Disorder by Ben Polis, Benjamin Polis (2003); ISBN: 1740081692; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1740081692/icongroupinterna

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Out of the Fog: Treatment Options and Coping Strategies for Adult Attention Deficit Disorder by Kevin R. Murphy, Suzanne Levert (1995); ISBN: 0786880872; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0786880872/icongroupinterna

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Overload: Attention Deficit Disorder and the Addictive Brain by David K. Miller, Kenneth Blum; ISBN: 0836204603; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0836204603/icongroupinterna

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Peterson's Colleges With Programs for Students With Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Disorders (Peterson's Colleges With Programs for Students With Learning Disabilities oR Attention Deficit Disorders, 6th Ed) by Peterson's Guides (Editor), et al (2000); ISBN: 0768904552; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0768904552/icongroupinterna

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Primer on Attention Deficit Disorder by Beth Fouse, Suzanne Brians; ISBN: 0873673549; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0873673549/icongroupinterna

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Rethinking Attention Deficit Disorders by Miriam Cherkes-Julkowski, et al (1997); ISBN: 1571290370; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1571290370/icongroupinterna

Books 115

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Scattered Minds: A New Look at the Origins and Healing of Attention Deficit Disorder by Gabor M. D. Mate (2000); ISBN: 0676972594; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0676972594/icongroupinterna

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Scattered: How Attention Deficit Disorder Originates And What You Can Do About It by Gabor Mate (2000); ISBN: 0452279631; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0452279631/icongroupinterna

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Sourcebook for Children With Attention Deficit Disorder: A Management Guide for Early Childhood Professionals and Parents by Clare B. Jones; ISBN: 0761676961; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0761676961/icongroupinterna

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Succeeding in College With Attention Deficit Disorders: Issues and Strategies for Students, Counselors and Educators by Jennifer S., Phd Bramer (1996); ISBN: 1886941068; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1886941068/icongroupinterna

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Taking A.D.D. to School: A School Story About Attention Deficit Disorder And/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Special Kids in School) by Ellen Weiner, et al (1999); ISBN: 189138306X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/189138306X/icongroupinterna

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Teach and Reach Students With Attention Deficit Disorders: The Educator's Handbook and Resources Guide by Nancy L. Eisenberg, Pamela H. Esser (1997); ISBN: 0963084712; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0963084712/icongroupinterna

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Teaching Study Skills and Strategies to Students with Learning Disabilities, Attention Deficit Disorders, or Special Needs (3rd Edition) by Stephen S. Strichart (Author), Charles T. Mangrum (Author); ISBN: 0205335136; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0205335136/icongroupinterna

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Teaching the Tiger A Handbook for Individuals Involved in the Education of Students with Attention Deficit Disorders, Tourette Syndrome or ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder by Marilyn P., Ph.D. Dornbush, Sheryl K. Pruitt; ISBN: 1878267345; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1878267345/icongroupinterna

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The A.D.D. and A.D.H.D. Diet! Updated: A Comprehensive Look at Contributing Factors and Natural Treatments for Symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity by Rachel Bell, et al; ISBN: 1884820298; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1884820298/icongroupinterna

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The A.D.D. Quest for Identity: Inside the Mind of Attention Deficit Disorder by George H. Green (1999); ISBN: 1890669016; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1890669016/icongroupinterna

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The ADHD Book of Lists: A Practical Guide for Helping Children and Teens with Attention Deficit Disorders by Sandra F. Rief (Author); ISBN: 078796591X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/078796591X/icongroupinterna

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The All-in-One Guide to ADD & Hyperactivity (Attention Deficit Disorder) by Dr. Elvis Ali (Editor), et al (2001); ISBN: 1886508291; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1886508291/icongroupinterna

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The Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale Home Version Rating Forms (00381) by Stephen B. McCarney (Editor) (1992); ISBN: 9994312421; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994312421/icongroupinterna


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The Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale: School Version Rating Forms/00810 (1993); ISBN: 9994329251; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994329251/icongroupinterna

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The Attention Deficit Disorders Evaluation Scale: School Version Technical Manual (00800) (1993); ISBN: 9994329235; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9994329235/icongroupinterna

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The Hyperactive Child, Adolescent, and Adult: Attention Deficit Disorder Through the Lifespan by Paul H. Wender (1987); ISBN: 0195042913; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0195042913/icongroupinterna

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The Infinite Mind Program: Adult Attention Deficit Disorder by Lichtenstein Creative Media Inc. (1998); ISBN: 188806451X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/188806451X/icongroupinterna

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The K&W Guide to Colleges: For Students With Learning Disabilities or Attention Deficit Disorder (Princeton Review) by Marybeth Kravets, Imy F. Wax (2001); ISBN: 0375762205; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0375762205/icongroupinterna

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The Natural Approach to Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) by Ronald L. Hoffman; ISBN: 0879837799; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0879837799/icongroupinterna

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The Parent's Guide to Attention Deficit Disorders: Intervention Strategies for the Home by Stephen B. McCarney, Angela Marie Bauer (1995); ISBN: 1878372017; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1878372017/icongroupinterna

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The Twelve Steps: A Guide for Adults With Attention Deficit Disorder by Friends in Recovery (1996); ISBN: 0941405354; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0941405354/icongroupinterna

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The Twelve Steps: A Key to Living With Attention Deficit Disorder by Friends in Recovery (1996); ISBN: 0941405346; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0941405346/icongroupinterna

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Total Concentration: How to Understand Attention Deficit Disorders by Harold N., M.D. Levinson; ISBN: 0871317087; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0871317087/icongroupinterna

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Understanding ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder): A Book for Parents, Teachers and Professionals by Christopher Green, Kit Chee; ISBN: 0868245879; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0868245879/icongroupinterna

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Understanding and treating attention deficit disorder by Edward A. Kirby; ISBN: 0080331335; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0080331335/icongroupinterna

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Understanding and Treating Attention Deficit Disorder (1986); ISBN: 020514392X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/020514392X/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Attention Deficit Disorder and Addiction: Workbook by Edward M. Hallowell, John J. Ratey (1995); ISBN: 9996323730; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/9996323730/icongroupinterna

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Understanding Attention Deficit Disorder: Ground-Breaking Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment by Harold N. Levinson, Mjf Books (2001); ISBN: 1567313965; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1567313965/icongroupinterna

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What Do You Mean I Have Attention Deficit Disorder? by Kathleen M. Dwyer, et al (1996); ISBN: 0802783929; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0802783929/icongroupinterna

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What's the Best Way to Deal With Hyperactivity?: New Update on the Attention Deficit Disorders by C. Thomas Wild; ISBN: 0960699015; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0960699015/icongroupinterna

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Why Attention Deficit Disorder Is Overlooked and Misunderstood: And Reasons This Will Continue by Glenn Hunsucker (1995); ISBN: 0961965037; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0961965037/icongroupinterna

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Wild Child: How You Can Help Your Child with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Other Behavioral Disorders by Don Mordasini (2001); ISBN: 0789011026; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0789011026/icongroupinterna

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Willie: Raising and Loving a Child With Attention Deficit Disorder by Ann Colin; ISBN: 0140249087; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0140249087/icongroupinterna

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Windows into the A. D. D. Mind: Understanding & Treating Attention Deficit Disorder by Daniel G. Amen; ISBN: 188654400X; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/188654400X/icongroupinterna

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Windows into the A.D.D. Mind: Understanding and Treating Attention Deficit Disorders in the Everyday Lives of Children, Adolescents and Adults by Daniel G., Md. Amen; ISBN: 1886554005; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1886554005/icongroupinterna

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Women with Attention Deficit Disorder by Sari Solden; ISBN: 0966317807; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0966317807/icongroupinterna

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Women With Attention Deficit Disorder: Embracing Disorganization at Home and in the Workplace by Sari Solden (1995); ISBN: 1887424059; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1887424059/icongroupinterna

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You And Your A.d.d. Child How To Understand And Help Kids With Attention Deficit Disorder by Paul Warren (Author); ISBN: 0785278958; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0785278958/icongroupinterna

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YOU MEAN I'M NOT LAZY, STUPID OR CRAZY?!: A Self-help Book for Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder by Kate Kelly, et al (1996); ISBN: 0684815311; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0684815311/icongroupinterna

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Your Hyperactive Child: A Parent's Guide to Coping With Attention Deficit Disorder by Barbara Ph.D. Ingersoll, Judith L. Rapoport (1988); ISBN: 0385240708; http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0385240708/icongroupinterna

Chapters on Attention Deficit Disorder In order to find chapters that specifically relate to attention deficit disorder, an excellent source of abstracts is the Combined Health Information Database. You will need to limit your search to book chapters and attention deficit disorder using the “Detailed Search” option. Go to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find book chapters, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language you prefer, and the format option “Book Chapter.”


Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. The following is a typical result when searching for book chapters on attention deficit disorder: •

Disorders of Language in Children Source: in Plante, E. and Beeson, P.M. Communication and Communication Disorders: A Clinical Introduction. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 1999. p. 147-174. Contact: Available from Allyn and Bacon. 160 Gould Street, Needham Heights, MA 02194. (800) 278-3525. Website: www.abacon.com. PRICE: $54.00. ISBN: 0205283209. Summary: Normal development is critical for the development of normal language skills. When normal development is impeded because of congenital disability or childhood illness, a language disorder may occur. This chapter on disorders of language in children is from a textbook that offers an introduction to communication processes and communication disorders, with a focus on the clinical illustration of normal and disordered speech, language, and hearing. The authors describe selected conditions that are associated with impaired language in children, including language differences (from cultural and social groups), infants at risk, late talkers, developmental language disorders, attention deficit disorder, autism, childhood aphasia, traumatic brain injury (TBI), mental retardation, and seizure disorders. The early language difficulties of these children evolve as they pass through the preschool and school years. In later childhood, solid language skills are important not only for listening and speaking, but also for reading and writing. The authors focus on how language in its various modalities is assessed through a variety of methods, including case histories, observation, and standardized assessment tools. Information from the assessment may be used to identify and describe a language disorder and, possibly, to determine preliminary goals for interventions. 2 figures. 93 references. (AA-M).

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Frequently Asked Questions Source: in Attwood, T. Asperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professionals. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. 1998. p. 141-185. Contact: Available from Future Horizons. 721 West Abram Street, Arlington, TX 76013. (800) 489-0727. Fax (817) 277-2270. Website: www.futurehorizons-autism.com. PRICE: $19.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1853025771. Summary: Asperger's syndrome is characterized by a lack of social skills, limited ability to have a reciprocal conversation, and an intense interest in a particular subject. This chapter is from a book for parents and professionals written to assist in the identification and treatment of children and adults with Asperger's syndrome. The book provides a description and analysis of the unusual characteristics of the syndrome, and practical strategies to reduce those that are most conspicuous or debilitating. Included are numerous quotations from people with Asperger's syndrome. In this chapter, the author answers frequently asked questions on topics include the inheritance of Asperger's syndrome, prenatal or perinatal conditions that may contribute to the syndrome, brain physiology and pathophysiology, family dynamics, Asperger's that occurs in parallel with another syndrome, determining whether a syndrome is present or the child is exhibiting the normal range of abilities and personality, language disorders, attention deficit disorder (ADD), schizophrenia, high functioning autism, different expressions of the syndrome in girls compared to boys, strategies to reduce the person's level of anxiety, the role of depression in Asperger's, coping with temper and anger, changes during adolescence, developing normal relationships, educational methods or settings, the advantages of having a label for the condition, how to tell others about Asperger's,

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suitable careers for people with Asperger's syndrome, and the long term outcomes of Asperger's syndrome. •

Listening and Auditory Skills Source: in Martin, K.L. Does My Child Have a Speech Problem? Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press. 1997. p. 37-55. Contact: Available from Chicago Review Press. 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610. (312) 337-0747; Fax (312) 337-5985. PRICE: $16.95 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 1556523157. Summary: This chapter on listening and auditory processing skills is from a guide that helps parents and teachers identify normal speech development and potential speech and language problems in children. Auditory processing refers to the ability to listen, accurately comprehend, and respond to spoken information, from the initial detection of sound or speech by the external ear to the transmission of that sound via the auditory pathways to the brain. The chapter is written in a question-and-answer format, covering topics including identifying hearing loss and auditory processing deficits, the difference between hearing and auditory processing, behaviors typical of children who have auditory processing deficits, identifying attention deficit disorder (ADD), the impact of auditory processing disorders in the classroom setting, how auditory processing disorders affect language skills, what to expect after a child has been diagnosed with an auditory processing disorder, the difference between long-term and short-term auditory memory, and how parents can help their children develop good listening and auditory processing skills. After each section, the author offers related strategies for the parents to employ.

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Sorting It Out: Educational Affects From Early Chronic Otitis Media, CAPD, ADD or LD? Source: in Johnson, C.D., ed. Educational Audiology Monograph. Tampa, FL: Educational Audiology Association. 1996. p. 6-11. Contact: Available from Educational Audiology Association. 4319 Ehrlich Road, Tampa, FL 33624. (800) 460-7322; Fax (813) 968-3597. PRICE: $10.00 plus shipping and handling. Summary: There are numerous behavior and learning characteristics that can be considered typical of students with learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders (ADD), central auditory processing disorders (CAPD), and those who have had a history of chronic otitis media. This paper focuses on the similarities between these disabling conditions and suggests investigational methods with which educational audiologists can begin to differentiate between the populations. The authors begin by defining terms, then discuss the etiology of learning problems, the need for a multidisciplinary team to participate in each child's education planning, overlapping incidence, general classroom function, considering otitis media history in relation to language ability, determining current hearing status, assessing the child's ability to process auditory information in both quiet and noise, auditory processing and memory, and attention. 4 tables. 33 references.

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Youth At Risk Source: in Larson, V.L. McKinley, N. Language Disorders in Older Students: Preadolescents and Adolescents. Eau Claire, WI: Thinking Publications. 1995. p. 1-20.


Contact: Available from Thinking Publications. 424 Galloway Street, Eau Claire, WI 54703. (800) 225-GROW or (715) 832-2488; Fax (800) 828-8885 or (715) 832-9082; E-mail: [email protected]. PRICE: $37.00 plus shipping and handling. Item Number 6301C6. ISBN: 0930599292. Summary: This chapter, on youth at risk of dropping out of the educational system, is from a textbook on language disorders in preadolescents and adolescents. The authors define youth at risk and the problems facing them. They also outline potential costs of intervention and responses to youth at risk. The chapter includes definitions of adolescence, including adolescence as a developmental period and myths about adolescence; the prevalence of communication disorders; the rationale for speechlanguage services; and a challenge to the categorical labelling of youth with language disorders. The authors discuss the impact of attention deficit disorders (ADD), traumatic brain injuries (TBI), and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). 2 references. •

Remediation of Children with Auditory Language Disorders Source: in Roeser, R.J. Downs, M.P., eds. Auditory Disorders in School Children: The Law, Identification, Remediation. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 1995. p. 309-328. Contact: Available from Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001. (800) 782-3488 or (212) 760-0888; Fax (212) 947-1112; E-mail: [email protected]; http://www.thieme.com. PRICE: $45.00 plus shipping and handling. ISBN: 0865775508. Summary: Many remediation programs have been designed to develop auditory skills in children with auditory-based deficits. However, most of these approaches are applied without meaningful language contexts or adequate cognitive bases. This chapter on the remediation of children with auditory language disorders is from a textbook that brings together experts from all disciplines to present ideas on how to provide help for school children with auditory disorders. The authors of this chapter provide information to help professionals integrate their knowledge and resources to meet the needs of these children. The discussion stems from a broad perspective of auditory processing and emphasizes commonalities across various diagnostic categories of auditory disruption (for example, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder, or auditory processing deficits). The authors suggest assistive strategies to help children circumvent their auditory deficits in the school context. Specific topics covered include spelling, vocabulary development and word knowledge, mathematics, phonics, whole language approaches, auditory awareness and attention, auditory determinations and organization, auditory comprehension, long-term storage (memory), retrieval and recall of information, classroom survival, passive learning styles, problem-solving strategies, and classroom logistics (seating, student placement). Sidebars present three brief case studies. 5 tables. 7 references.

Directories In addition to the references and resources discussed earlier in this chapter, a number of directories relating to attention deficit disorder have been published that consolidate

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information across various sources. The Combined Health Information Database lists the following, which you may wish to consult in your local medical library:7 •

HEATH Resource Directory on Postsecondary Education and Disability: 1996 Source: Washington, DC: HEATH Resource Center, American Council on Education. 1996. 69 p. Contact: Available from HEATH Resource Center. American Council on Education. One Dupont Circle, N.W., Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036-1193. Voice/TTY (800) 544-3284 or (202) 939-9320. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This directory on postsecondary education and disability is produced by the HEATH Resource Center, a clearinghouse that collects and disseminates information nationally about disability issues in postsecondary education. The directory lists agencies in six categories: advocacy, access, and awareness; community integration; disability-specific organizations, including attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, speech and hearing impairment, and mobility impairment; funding; legal assistance, including information on the Americans with Disabilities Act; and technology. The directory includes an organization name index, as well as a list of tollfree telephone numbers.

7 You will need to limit your search to “Directory” and “attention deficit disorder” using the "Detailed Search" option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find directories, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Select your preferred language and the format option “Directory.” Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months.

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CHAPTER 8. MULTIMEDIA ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we show you how to keep current on multimedia sources of information on attention deficit disorder. We start with sources that have been summarized by federal agencies, and then show you how to find bibliographic information catalogued by the National Library of Medicine.

Bibliography: Multimedia on Attention Deficit Disorder The National Library of Medicine is a rich source of information on healthcare-related multimedia productions including slides, computer software, and databases. To access the multimedia database, go to the following Web site: http://locatorplus.gov/. Select “Search LOCATORplus.” Once in the search area, simply type in attention deficit disorder (or synonyms). Then, in the option box provided below the search box, select “Audiovisuals and Computer Files.” From there, you can choose to sort results by publication date, author, or relevance. The following multimedia has been indexed on attention deficit disorder (for more information, follow the hyperlink indicated): •

Advances in managing & treating attention deficit disorder [videorecording] Source: Medical Education Network, MedEdNet; [presented by] MEDIVISION; Year: 1997; Format: Videorecording; Houston, Tex.: MEDIVISION, c1997

•

Attention deficit disorder [videorecording]: Videorecording; [Lebanon, N.H.]: DHMC, c1995

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Attention deficit disorder [videorecording]: children Source: [presented by] Films for the Humanities & Sciences; Year: 1995; Format: Videorecording; Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, c1995

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Coping with attention deficit disorder in children [videorecording] Source: a presentation of Films for the Humanities & Sciences; a presentation of KOIN-TV and Medstar Communications, Inc; Year: 1995; Format: Videorecording; Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, c1995

•

Current issues in attention deficit disorder [videorecording]: classification and treatment Source: [presented by] the University of Texas Medical School at Houston;

adults.

Year:

1995;

Format:


produced by UT/TV-Houston, the University of Texas Health Science Center atHouston; Year: 1989; Format: Videorecording; [Houston, Tex.: UT/TV], c1989 •

Hypnosis for attention deficit disorder [videorecording] Source: [presented by] Gerald F. Kein; Year: 1994; Format: Videorecording; DeLand, Fla.: Omni Hypnosis Training Center, c1994

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Ritalin [videorecording]: drug treatment for attention deficit disorder Source: a presentation of Films for the Humanities & Sciences; Year: 1996; Format: Videorecording; Princeton, N.J.: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, c1996

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Social, psychological, and family problems associated with attention deficit disorders [videorecording] Source: [presented by] Marshfield Medical Foundation [and] Marshfield Clinic Child Center; Year: 1987; Format: Videorecording; Marshfield, WI: Marshfield Video Network, c1987

•

Treatment of attention deficit disorder [sound recording]. Year: 1995; Format: Sound recording; Berkeley, CA: Conference Recording Service, [1995?]

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CHAPTER 9. PERIODICALS AND NEWS ON ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER Overview In this chapter, we suggest a number of news sources and present various periodicals that cover attention deficit disorder.

News Services and Press Releases One of the simplest ways of tracking press releases on attention deficit disorder is to search the news wires. In the following sample of sources, we will briefly describe how to access each service. These services only post recent news intended for public viewing. PR Newswire To access the PR Newswire archive, simply go to http://www.prnewswire.com/. Select your country. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box. You will automatically receive information on relevant news releases posted within the last 30 days. The search results are shown by order of relevance. Reuters Health The Reuters’ Medical News and Health eLine databases can be very useful in exploring news archives relating to attention deficit disorder. While some of the listed articles are free to view, others are available for purchase for a nominal fee. To access this archive, go to http://www.reutershealth.com/en/index.html and search by “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms). The following was recently listed in this archive for attention deficit disorder: •

Parents can have attention deficit disorder too - study Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: July 28, 2000 http://www.reutershealth.com/archive/2000/07/28/eline/links/20000728elin019.htm l


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Brain region linked to attention deficit disorder Source: Reuters Health eLine Date: March 29, 2000

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Attention deficit disorder associated with maternal smoking, family history Source: Reuters Medical News Date: September 03, 1998

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Attention Deficit Disorder Increases Risk For Adult Psychiatric Problems Source: Reuters Medical News Date: April 01, 1998

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Yale Opens Attention Deficit Disorder Clinic For Adults Source: Reuters Medical News Date: May 27, 1996 The NIH

Within MEDLINEplus, the NIH has made an agreement with the New York Times Syndicate, the AP News Service, and Reuters to deliver news that can be browsed by the public. Search news releases at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/alphanews_a.html. MEDLINEplus allows you to browse across an alphabetical index. Or you can search by date at the following Web page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/newsbydate.html. Often, news items are indexed by MEDLINEplus within its search engine. Business Wire Business Wire is similar to PR Newswire. To access this archive, simply go to http://www.businesswire.com/. You can scan the news by industry category or company name. Market Wire Market Wire is more focused on technology than the other wires. To browse the latest press releases by topic, such as alternative medicine, biotechnology, fitness, healthcare, legal, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals, access Market Wire’s Medical/Health channel at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/release_index?channel=MedicalHealth. Or simply go to Market Wire’s home page at http://www.marketwire.com/mw/home, type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click on “Search News.” As this service is technology oriented, you may wish to use it when searching for press releases covering diagnostic procedures or tests. Search Engines Medical news is also available in the news sections of commercial Internet search engines. See the health news page at Yahoo (http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/News_and_Media/), or

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you can use this Web site’s general news search page at http://news.yahoo.com/. Type in “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms). If you know the name of a company that is relevant to attention deficit disorder, you can go to any stock trading Web site (such as http://www.etrade.com/) and search for the company name there. News items across various news sources are reported on indicated hyperlinks. Google offers a similar service at http://news.google.com/. BBC Covering news from a more European perspective, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) allows the public free access to their news archive located at http://www.bbc.co.uk/. Search by “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms).

Newsletter Articles Use the Combined Health Information Database, and limit your search criteria to “newsletter articles.” Again, you will need to use the “Detailed Search” option. Go directly to the following hyperlink: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. Go to the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” Select the dates and language that you prefer. For the format option, select “Newsletter Article.” Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database as it is updated every three months. The following is a typical result when searching for newsletter articles on attention deficit disorder: •

Tourette Syndrome: The Neurology of a Tic (From the Point of View of the Scientist.) Source: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. The ASHA Leader, Vol. 7 No. 14, August 6, 2002. Contact: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Available from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852. Voice/TTY (800) 498-2071, available 8:30 a.m.-5:00 p.m. ET. E-mail: [email protected]. Web site: http://professional.asha.org/. Summary: The article looks at the pathology of Tourette syndrome (TS) including comorbidities: anxiety disorders, language and learning disorders, mood disorders, attention deficit disorder (ADD), and obsessive compulsive disorders (OCD), vocal and phonic tics, and coprolalia (blurting out obscenities or socially inappropriate words or phrases). The writers also discuss the negative impact that these symptoms can have on an individual with TS, in childhood and adult life, and appropriate speech treatment for TS. Selected references are included at the end of the article. This is a two-part article. (See also The Anatomy of a Tic--From the Point of View of a Person With TS.) Selected references.

•

Excerpts From the Placenta: To Know Me Is to Love Me. A Reference Guide for Gross Placental Examination: Maternal Indications for Placental Examination: Smoking Source: AAPA Quarterly Newsletter. Pp. 10-12, Winter 2000. Contact: INTERNET/EMAIL: http://www.pathologistassistants.org/Public_content/2001_NL_winner.pdf.


Summary: The author describes the effects of smoking during pregnancy on the pregnancy, placenta, fetus, and neonate. Cigarette smoke contains over 300 toxic substances, including nicotine and carbon monoxide. Smoking reduces the ability of the woman to become pregnant in a dose dependent fashion. Women who smoke are at increased risk for first trimester spontaneous abortion. Maternal smoking causes a decrease in the fetal growth rate and causes a number of cardiorespiratory changes in the fetus, including increased heart rate, decreased fetal heart rate variability, clustered breathing movements, and that an increased chance a nonstress test will be positive. Smoking during pregnancy has been implicated to long-term deficits in mental development during infancy and behavioral problems, such as attention deficit disorder. The risk of meconium aspiration is also increased, along with a risk for mildgrade intracranial hemorrhage in the latter half of pregnancy in infants whose mothers smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day during the pregnancy. The placenta itself may show abruption, placenta extrachorialis, thin umbilical cord, velamentously inserted cord, single umbilical artery, chorioamnionitis, fetal stem vessel lesions, large infarcts, and changes associated with placenta previa due to smoking.

Academic Periodicals covering Attention Deficit Disorder Numerous periodicals are currently indexed within the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed database that are known to publish articles relating to attention deficit disorder. In addition to these sources, you can search for articles covering attention deficit disorder that have been published by any of the periodicals listed in previous chapters. To find the latest studies published, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed, type the name of the periodical into the search box, and click “Go.” If you want complete details about the historical contents of a journal, you can also visit the following Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/jrbrowser.cgi. Here, type in the name of the journal or its abbreviation, and you will receive an index of published articles. At http://locatorplus.gov/, you can retrieve more indexing information on medical periodicals (e.g. the name of the publisher). Select the button “Search LOCATORplus.” Then type in the name of the journal and select the advanced search option “Journal Title Search.”

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APPENDICES

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APPENDIX A. PHYSICIAN RESOURCES Overview In this chapter, we focus on databases and Internet-based guidelines and information resources created or written for a professional audience.

NIH Guidelines Commonly referred to as “clinical” or “professional” guidelines, the National Institutes of Health publish physician guidelines for the most common diseases. Publications are available at the following by relevant Institute8: •

Office of the Director (OD); guidelines consolidated across agencies available at http://www.nih.gov/health/consumer/conkey.htm

•

National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); fact sheets available at http://www.nigms.nih.gov/news/facts/

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National Library of Medicine (NLM); extensive encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.) with guidelines: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html

•

National Cancer Institute (NCI); guidelines available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/list.aspx?viewid=5f35036e-5497-4d86-8c2c714a9f7c8d25

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National Eye Institute (NEI); guidelines available at http://www.nei.nih.gov/order/index.htm

•

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); guidelines available at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/index.htm

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National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); research available at http://www.genome.gov/page.cfm?pageID=10000375

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National Institute on Aging (NIA); guidelines available at http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/

8

These publications are typically written by one or more of the various NIH Institutes.


•

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); guidelines available at http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/publications.htm

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); guidelines available at http://www.niaid.nih.gov/publications/

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS); fact sheets and guidelines available at http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/index.htm

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National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); guidelines available at http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubskey.cfm

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD); fact sheets and guidelines at http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); guidelines available at http://www.nidr.nih.gov/health/

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK); guidelines available at http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/health.htm

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National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); guidelines available at http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugAbuse.html

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS); environmental health information available at http://www.niehs.nih.gov/external/facts.htm

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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH); guidelines available at http://www.nimh.nih.gov/practitioners/index.cfm

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); neurological disorder information pages available at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorder_index.htm

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National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); publications on selected illnesses at http://www.nih.gov/ninr/news-info/publications.html

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; general information at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/becon/becon_info.htm

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Center for Information Technology (CIT); referrals to other agencies based on keyword searches available at http://kb.nih.gov/www_query_main.asp

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM); health information available at http://nccam.nih.gov/health/

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National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); various information directories available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/publications.asp

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Office of Rare Diseases; various fact sheets available at http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/html/resources/rep_pubs.html

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; various fact sheets on infectious diseases available at http://www.cdc.gov/publications.htm

Physician Resources 133

NIH Databases In addition to the various Institutes of Health that publish professional guidelines, the NIH has designed a number of databases for professionals.9 Physician-oriented resources provide a wide variety of information related to the biomedical and health sciences, both past and present. The format of these resources varies. Searchable databases, bibliographic citations, full-text articles (when available), archival collections, and images are all available. The following are referenced by the National Library of Medicine:10 •

Bioethics: Access to published literature on the ethical, legal, and public policy issues surrounding healthcare and biomedical research. This information is provided in conjunction with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics located at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_bioethics.html

•

HIV/AIDS Resources: Describes various links and databases dedicated to HIV/AIDS research: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/aidsinfs.html

•

NLM Online Exhibitions: Describes “Exhibitions in the History of Medicine”: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/exhibition.html. Additional resources for historical scholarship in medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/hmd.html

•

Biotechnology Information: Access to public databases. The National Center for Biotechnology Information conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

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Population Information: The National Library of Medicine provides access to worldwide coverage of population, family planning, and related health issues, including family planning technology and programs, fertility, and population law and policy: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_population.html

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Cancer Information: Access to cancer-oriented databases: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_cancer.html

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Profiles in Science: Offering the archival collections of prominent twentieth-century biomedical scientists to the public through modern digital technology: http://www.profiles.nlm.nih.gov/

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Chemical Information: Provides links to various chemical databases and references: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Chem/ChemMain.html

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Clinical Alerts: Reports the release of findings from the NIH-funded clinical trials where such release could significantly affect morbidity and mortality: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/alerts/clinical_alerts.html

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Space Life Sciences: Provides links and information to space-based research (including NASA): http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_space.html

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MEDLINE: Bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the healthcare system, and the pre-clinical sciences: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases_medline.html

Remember, for the general public, the National Library of Medicine recommends the databases referenced in MEDLINEplus (http://medlineplus.gov/ or http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/databases.html). 10 See http://www.nlm.nih.gov/databases/databases.html. 9


•

Toxicology and Environmental Health Information (TOXNET): Databases covering toxicology and environmental health: http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/Tox/ToxMain.html

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Visible Human Interface: Anatomically detailed, three-dimensional representations of normal male and female human bodies: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html The NLM Gateway11

The NLM (National Library of Medicine) Gateway is a Web-based system that lets users search simultaneously in multiple retrieval systems at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It allows users of NLM services to initiate searches from one Web interface, providing one-stop searching for many of NLM’s information resources or databases.12 To use the NLM Gateway, simply go to the search site at http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Search.” The results will be presented in a tabular form, indicating the number of references in each database category. Results Summary Category Journal Articles Books / Periodicals / Audio Visual Consumer Health Meeting Abstracts Other Collections Total

Items Found 7570 336 59 21 14 8000

HSTAT13 HSTAT is a free, Web-based resource that provides access to full-text documents used in healthcare decision-making.14 These documents include clinical practice guidelines, quickreference guides for clinicians, consumer health brochures, evidence reports and technology assessments from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as AHRQ’s Put Prevention Into Practice.15 Simply search by “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) at the following Web site: http://text.nlm.nih.gov.

Adapted from NLM: http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd?Overview.x. The NLM Gateway is currently being developed by the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications (LHNCBC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). 13 Adapted from HSTAT: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/hstat.html. 14 The HSTAT URL is http://hstat.nlm.nih.gov/. 15 Other important documents in HSTAT include: the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference Reports and Technology Assessment Reports; the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (ATIS) resource documents; the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (SAMHSA/CSAT) Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIP) and Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (SAMHSA/CSAP) Prevention Enhancement Protocols System (PEPS); the Public Health Service (PHS) Preventive Services Task Force's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services; the independent, nonfederal Task Force on Community Services’ Guide to Community Preventive Services; and the Health Technology Advisory Committee (HTAC) of the Minnesota Health Care Commission (MHCC) health technology evaluations. 11 12


Coffee Break: Tutorials for Biologists16 Coffee Break is a general healthcare site that takes a scientific view of the news and covers recent breakthroughs in biology that may one day assist physicians in developing treatments. Here you will find a collection of short reports on recent biological discoveries. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.17 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.18 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/.

Other Commercial Databases In addition to resources maintained by official agencies, other databases exist that are commercial ventures addressing medical professionals. Here are some examples that may interest you: •

CliniWeb International: Index and table of contents to selected clinical information on the Internet; see http://www.ohsu.edu/cliniweb/.

•

Medical World Search: Searches full text from thousands of selected medical sites on the Internet; see http://www.mwsearch.com/.

The Genome Project and Attention Deficit Disorder In the following section, we will discuss databases and references which relate to the Genome Project and attention deficit disorder. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders authored and edited by Dr. Victor A. McKusick and his colleagues at Johns Hopkins and elsewhere. OMIM was developed for the World Wide Web by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).19 The database contains textual information, pictures, and reference information. It also contains copious links to NCBI’s Entrez database of MEDLINE articles and sequence information.

Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreak/Archive/FAQ.html. The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 18 After a brief introduction that sets the work described into a broader context, the report focuses on how a molecular understanding can provide explanations of observed biology and lead to therapies for diseases. Each vignette is accompanied by a figure and hypertext links that lead to a series of pages that interactively show how NCBI tools and resources are used in the research process. 19 Adapted from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Established in 1988 as a national resource for molecular biology information, NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing genome data, and disseminates biomedical information--all for the better understanding of molecular processes affecting human health and disease. 16 17


To search the database, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/searchomim.html. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and click “Submit Search.” If too many results appear, you can narrow the search by adding the word “clinical.” Each report will have additional links to related research and databases. In particular, the option “Database Links” will search across technical databases that offer an abundance of information. The following is an example of the results you can obtain from the OMIM for attention deficit disorder: •

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?143465 Genes and Disease (NCBI - Map)

The Genes and Disease database is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health. This Web site categorizes each disorder by system of the body. Go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/, and browse the system pages to have a full view of important conditions linked to human genes. Since this site is regularly updated, you may wish to revisit it from time to time. The following systems and associated disorders are addressed: •

Cancer: Uncontrolled cell division. Examples: Breast and ovarian cancer, Burkitt lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, colon cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia, neurofibromatosis, p53 tumor suppressor, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, Ras oncogene, RB: retinoblastoma, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Cancer.html

•

Immune System: Fights invaders. Examples: Asthma, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, Crohn’s disease, DiGeorge syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, immunodeficiency with Hyper-IgM, severe combined immunodeficiency. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Immune.html

•

Metabolism: Food and energy. Examples: Adreno-leukodystrophy, atherosclerosis, Best disease, Gaucher disease, glucose galactose malabsorption, gyrate atrophy, juvenile-onset diabetes, obesity, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, phenylketonuria, Refsum disease, Tangier disease, Tay-Sachs disease. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Metabolism.html

•

Muscle and Bone: Movement and growth. Examples: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Marfan syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Muscle.html

•

Nervous System: Mind and body. Examples: Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Angelman syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, epilepsy, essential tremor, fragile X syndrome, Friedreich’s ataxia, Huntington disease, Niemann-Pick disease, Parkinson disease, Prader-Willi syndrome, Rett syndrome, spinocerebellar atrophy, Williams syndrome. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Brain.html


•

Signals: Cellular messages. Examples: Ataxia telangiectasia, Cockayne syndrome, glaucoma, male-patterned baldness, SRY: sex determination, tuberous sclerosis, Waardenburg syndrome, Werner syndrome. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Signals.html

•

Transporters: Pumps and channels. Examples: Cystic fibrosis, deafness, diastrophic dysplasia, Hemophilia A, long-QT syndrome, Menkes syndrome, Pendred syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell anemia, Wilson’s disease, Zellweger syndrome. Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disease/Transporters.html Entrez

Entrez is a search and retrieval system that integrates several linked databases at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). These databases include nucleotide sequences, protein sequences, macromolecular structures, whole genomes, and MEDLINE through PubMed. Entrez provides access to the following databases: •

3D Domains: Domains from Entrez Structure, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=geo

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Books: Online books, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=books

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Genome: Complete genome assemblies, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Genome

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NCBI’s Protein Sequence Information Survey Results: Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/proteinsurvey/

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Nucleotide Sequence Database (Genbank): Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Nucleotide

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OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM

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PopSet: Population study data sets, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Popset

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ProbeSet: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=geo

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Protein Sequence Database: Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Protein

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PubMed: Biomedical literature (PubMed), Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed

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Structure: Three-dimensional macromolecular structures, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Structure

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Taxonomy: Organisms in GenBank, Web site: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Taxonomy

To access the Entrez system at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=genome, and then


select the database that you would like to search. The databases available are listed in the drop box next to “Search.” Enter “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box and click “Go.” Jablonski’s Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes Database20 This online resource has been developed to facilitate the identification and differentiation of syndromic entities. Special attention is given to the type of information that is usually limited or completely omitted in existing reference sources due to space limitations of the printed form. At http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome_toc/toc_a.html, you can search across syndromes using an alphabetical index. Search by keywords at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome_db.html. The Genome Database21 Established at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland in 1990, the Genome Database (GDB) is the official central repository for genomic mapping data resulting from the Human Genome Initiative. In the spring of 1999, the Bioinformatics Supercomputing Centre (BiSC) at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario assumed the management of GDB. The Human Genome Initiative is a worldwide research effort focusing on structural analysis of human DNA to determine the location and sequence of the estimated 100,000 human genes. In support of this project, GDB stores and curates data generated by researchers worldwide who are engaged in the mapping effort of the Human Genome Project (HGP). GDB’s mission is to provide scientists with an encyclopedia of the human genome which is continually revised and updated to reflect the current state of scientific knowledge. Although GDB has historically focused on gene mapping, its focus will broaden as the Genome Project moves from mapping to sequence, and finally, to functional analysis. To access the GDB, simply go to the following hyperlink: http://www.gdb.org/. Search “All Biological Data” by “Keyword.” Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the search box, and review the results. If more than one word is used in the search box, then separate each one with the word “and” or “or” (using “or” might be useful when using synonyms).

Adapted from the National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/about_syndrome.html. 21 Adapted from the Genome Database: http://gdbwww.gdb.org/gdb/aboutGDB.html - mission. 20

139

APPENDIX B. PATIENT RESOURCES Overview Official agencies, as well as federally funded institutions supported by national grants, frequently publish a variety of guidelines written with the patient in mind. These are typically called “Fact Sheets” or “Guidelines.” They can take the form of a brochure, information kit, pamphlet, or flyer. Often they are only a few pages in length. Since new guidelines on attention deficit disorder can appear at any moment and be published by a number of sources, the best approach to finding guidelines is to systematically scan the Internet-based services that post them.

Patient Guideline Sources The remainder of this chapter directs you to sources which either publish or can help you find additional guidelines on topics related to attention deficit disorder. Due to space limitations, these sources are listed in a concise manner. Do not hesitate to consult the following sources by either using the Internet hyperlink provided, or, in cases where the contact information is provided, contacting the publisher or author directly. The National Institutes of Health The NIH gateway to patients is located at http://health.nih.gov/. From this site, you can search across various sources and institutes, a number of which are summarized below. Topic Pages: MEDLINEplus The National Library of Medicine has created a vast and patient-oriented healthcare information portal called MEDLINEplus. Within this Internet-based system are “health topic pages” which list links to available materials relevant to attention deficit disorder. To access this system, log on to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html. From there you can either search using the alphabetical index or browse by broad topic areas. Recently, MEDLINEplus listed the following when searched for “attention deficit disorder”:


•

Other Guides Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/attentiondeficitdisorderwithhyperactivity.t ml Bipolar Disorder http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bipolardisorder.html Child Mental Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childmentalhealth.html Learning Disorders http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/learningdisorders.html Mental Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mentalhealth.html

Within the health topic page dedicated to attention deficit disorder, the following was listed: •

General/Overviews Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.psych.org/public_info/adhdfactsheet42401.pdf Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) Source: National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs19txt.htm Frequently Asked Questions about AD/HD Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org/webpage.cfm?cat_id=7&subcat_id=41 What is Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)? Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/what.htm

•

Diagnosis/Symptoms ADHD -- Common Behaviors and Symptoms Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZCEF4MXSC &sub_cat=21 ADHD -- Making the Diagnosis Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZY612KXSC &sub_cat=21 ADHD: Does My Child Have It? Source: American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/handouts/230.html Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Symptoms of ADHD Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/symptom.htm

Patient Resources 141

•

Treatment ADHD -- Establishing a Treatment Plan Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZDIHDTXSC &sub_cat=21 ADHD -- Evaluating the Treatment Plan Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZJ3EDTXSC& sub_cat=21 ADHD -- Treatment Through Behavior Therapy Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZWWPFTXS C&sub_cat=21 ADHD -- Unproven Treatments Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZXL1ITXSC& sub_cat=21 ADHD Medicines Source: American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/handouts/103.html Medical Management of Children and Adults with AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org/fs/fs3.htm Medications Source: National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/medicate.cfm Methylphenidate and Clonidine Help Children with ADHD and Tics Source: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke http://www.ninds.nih.gov/news_and_events/news_article_adhd.htm

•

Alternative Therapy Assessing Complementary and / or Controversial Interventions Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org/fs/fs6.htm

•

Coping ADHD: Info and Advice for Parents Source: American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/handouts/583.html Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/learning/iep.html Parenting a Child with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder


http://www.chadd.org/fs/fs2.htm Peer Relationships and ADHD Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/peer.htm •

Specific Conditions/Aspects ADHD -- Coexisting Conditions Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ6ZRWVYSC &sub_cat=21 ADHD and Risk of Injuries Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/injury.htm Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org/fs/fs7.htm Couples and ADD Source: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.add.org/content/family/couple.htm

•

Children ADHD in Children Source: American Academy of Family Physicians http://familydoctor.org/handouts/118.html Friends and Me and ADD Source: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.add.org/content/kids/friends.htm What is AD/HD? Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/behavior/adhd.html

•

From the National Institutes of Health Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Source: National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/adhd.htm

•

Latest News Severe Attention Disorder Linked with Drug Abuse Source: 08/18/2003, Reuters Health http://www.nlm.nih.gov//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_13714 .html


Severe Childhood ADHD May Predict Alcohol, Substance Use Problems in Teen Years Source: 08/17/2003, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2003/niaaa-17.htm •

Law and Policy Educational Rights for Children with AD/HD Source: Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org/fs/fs4.htm

•

Organizations American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry http://www.aacap.org/ Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder http://www.chadd.org National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.add.org/ National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nimh.nih.gov/

•

Research Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in School-Aged Children: Association with Maternal Mental Health and Use of Health Care Resources http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/factsheets/pediatrics/Pediatrics_ADHD.pdf Brain Shrinkage in ADHD Not Caused by Medications Source: National Institute of Mental Health http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2002/nimh-08.htm Impact of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity May Be Underestimated Source: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/feb2002/niehs-04.htm Severe Childhood ADHD May Predict Alcohol, Substance Use Problems in Teen Years Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2003/niaaa-17.htm Testing of a New Medication to Treat AD/HD Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/research/medication_adhd.html

•

Teenagers ADHD and Teens Source: American Academy of Pediatrics http://www.medem.com/MedLB/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ16OWVYSC &sub_cat=21


Attention Deficit Disorder in College Source: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.add.org/content/legal/college.htm Understanding AD/HD Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/learning/adhd.html What is Ritalin? Source: Nemours Foundation http://kidshealth.org/teen/question/health_basics/ritalin.html •

Women Feeling Overwhelmed, Disorganized, Scattered? Source: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.add.org/content/women/addvance.htm

You may also choose to use the search utility provided by MEDLINEplus at the following Web address: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/. Simply type a keyword into the search box and click “Search.” This utility is similar to the NIH search utility, with the exception that it only includes materials that are linked within the MEDLINEplus system (mostly patient-oriented information). It also has the disadvantage of generating unstructured results. We recommend, therefore, that you use this method only if you have a very targeted search. The Combined Health Information Database (CHID) CHID Online is a reference tool that maintains a database directory of thousands of journal articles and patient education guidelines on attention deficit disorder. CHID offers summaries that describe the guidelines available, including contact information and pricing. CHID’s general Web site is http://chid.nih.gov/. To search this database, go to http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. In particular, you can use the advanced search options to look up pamphlets, reports, brochures, and information kits. The following was recently posted in this archive: •

National Resources for Adults with Learning Disabilities Source: Washington, DC: Heath Resource Center. August 1994. 32 p. Contact: Available from Heath Resource Center. One Dupont Circle, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036. Voice/TTY (800) 544-3284 or (202) 884-8185. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This booklet is designed for adults who may have a learning disability and for family and friends who wish to help. The guide provides information on where to go for help and information; on assessing the problem; a learning disabilities checklist; and a selection of resources. The guide is intended to provide a starting point for gaining information that can lead to obtaining services at the state or local level. A short description of each resource organization's activities is provided to help readers identify which resources are best suited to their needs and concerns. Resources are categorized as follows: national resource centers; general education; learning disability organizations; attention deficit disorder (ADD) organizations; employment; technology; and life management. An additional section lists and annotates


recommended publications. The final section provides a list of toll-free numbers available for some of the resource organizations. •

Q and A: Questions and Answers about Tourette Syndrome Source: Bayside, NY: Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. 1994. 4 p. Contact: Available from Tourette Syndrome Association, Inc. 42-40 Bell Boulevard, Bayside, NY 11361-2874. (718) 224-2999; Fax (718) 279-9596. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This brochure provides answers to some common questions about Tourette Syndrome (TS), a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, rapid, sudden movements or vocalizations that occur repeatedly. The brochure covers topics including the spectrum of symptoms of TS; the causes of TS; diagnostic considerations; the classification of TS tics; treatment options, notably medications to help control the symptoms of TS when they interfere with functioning; the need for early diagnosis and treatment of TS; behaviors that are often associated with TS, including attention deficit disorders, learning disabilities, difficulties with impulse control, sleep disorders, and compulsions or ritualistic behaviors; the special educational needs of students with TS; the genetic components of TS; the prognosis for TS over a person's lifetime; the incidence and history of TS; the current focus of research in this area; and the types of family services that exist. The brochure concludes with a description of the Tourette Syndrome Association (TSA), including the organization's goals and activities, and member benefits; a membership form is also included.

•

Information Package: Resource Center on Substance Abuse Prevention and Disability Source: Washington, D.C.: Resource Center on Substance Abuse Prevention and Disability. 1993. (information package). Contact: Available from Resource Center on Substance Abuse Prevention and Disability. 1819 L Street, N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20036. Voice (800) 628-8442 or (202) 628-8080; TTY (202) 628-3812; Fax (202) 628-3812. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This information packet is designed for those working in the field of alcohol and other drug abuse services, as well as for those involved in the disability and rehabilitation fields. The packet includes fact sheets on alcohol and drug abuse prevention, the Americans With Disabilities Act, attention deficit disorders, blindness and visual impairments, deafness and hearing loss, hidden disabilities, learning disabilities, mental illness, mental retardation, mobility limitations, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, disability and enabling, disability and the family, disability and health implications, and service delivery settings. Each fact sheet lists truths and myths about the subject, provides information about resource organizations and publications, and includes references. An order form for additional copies of the fact sheets is also included.

•

Williams Syndrome Source: Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 1997. [1 p.]. Contact: Available from National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Office of Scientific and Health Reports, P.O. Box 5801, Bethesda, MD 20824. (800) 352-9424 or (301) 496-5751. PRICE: Single copy free.


Summary: This fact sheet from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes Williams syndrome, a rare, congenital (present at birth) disorder characterized by physical and developmental problems. Common features include elfin facial features, heart and blood vessel problems, hypercalcemia, low birth weight, slow weight gain, feeding problems, irritability during infancy, dental and kidney abnormalities, hyperacusis (sensitive hearing), musculoskeletal problems, an impulsive and outgoing personality, limited spatial skills and motor control, and intellectual disability (i.e., developmental delay, learning disabilities, mental retardation, or attention deficit disorder). The fact sheet describes the syndrome, treatment options, prognosis, and present research efforts on the disorder. The fact sheet concludes with the telephone numbers and addresses for four organizations through which readers can obtain more information. 6 references. •

Bibliography for Families: Assessing Children for the Presence of a Disability Source: Washington, DC: National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY). 1994. 4 p. Contact: Available from National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities (NICHCY). P.O. Box 1492, Washington, DC 20013-1492. Voice/TTY (800) 695-0285. PRICE: Single copy free. Summary: This bibliography provides families with resources for information on the assessment of school-aged children. The books and articles listed are designed to be useful to families of children being assessed to determine if they have disabilities and are thus are eligible for special education and related services. Being knowledgeable about the evaluation process equips parents to advocate for a thorough, appropriate, and well-conducted evaluation of their child and also assists them in making sense of the results. Items listed include materials for consumers; textbooks; resources providing reviews and critiques of specific tests; resources on curriculum-based assessment; resources on dynamic assessment; resources on specific disabilities or skill areas, including attention deficit disorder, behavior, hearing or visual impairments, intelligence, language, learning or reading disabilities, mental retardation, nonverbal individuals, and physical or multiple disabilities; and resources on assessment of minorities. The bibliography concludes with a list of publishers and their contact information. Healthfinder™

Healthfinder™ is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and offers links to hundreds of other sites that contain healthcare information. This Web site is located at http://www.healthfinder.gov. Again, keyword searches can be used to find guidelines. The following was recently found in this database: •

ADDA Kids Area Summary: Designed especially for children with attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD) and their friends, this site offers a definition of ADD/ADHD and provides tips for managing the disorder during daily Source: National Attention Deficit Disorder Association http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=5590


•

On the Teen Scene Summary: FDA Consumer magazine periodically runs articles with important health information for teenagers, ranging from nutrition and sun safety to eating disorders and attention deficit disorder. Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration http://www.healthfinder.gov/scripts/recordpass.asp?RecordType=0&RecordID=1282 The NIH Search Utility

The NIH search utility allows you to search for documents on over 100 selected Web sites that comprise the NIH-WEB-SPACE. Each of these servers is “crawled” and indexed on an ongoing basis. Your search will produce a list of various documents, all of which will relate in some way to attention deficit disorder. The drawbacks of this approach are that the information is not organized by theme and that the references are often a mix of information for professionals and patients. Nevertheless, a large number of the listed Web sites provide useful background information. We can only recommend this route, therefore, for relatively rare or specific disorders, or when using highly targeted searches. To use the NIH search utility, visit the following Web page: http://search.nih.gov/index.html. Additional Web Sources

A number of Web sites are available to the public that often link to government sites. These can also point you in the direction of essential information. The following is a representative sample: •


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Family Village: http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/specific.htm

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Google: http://directory.google.com/Top/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

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Med Help International: http://www.medhelp.org/HealthTopics/A.html

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Open Directory Project: http://dmoz.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/

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Yahoo.com: http://dir.yahoo.com/Health/Diseases_and_Conditions/

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WebMD®Health: http://my.webmd.com/health_topics

Associations and Attention deficit disorder The following is a list of associations that provide information on and resources relating to attention deficit disorder: •

Birth Defect Research for Children, Inc Telephone: (407) 895-0802 Toll-free: Fax: (407) 895-0824 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.birthdefects.org


Background: Birth Defect Research for Children, Inc., (BDRC) formerly the Association of Birth Defect Children gives parents and expectant parents information about specific birth defects, their causes and treatments, support group referrals and parent-matching services. BDRC also provides information about environmental exposures that may be associated with birth defects. To study these exposures further, BDRC sponsors the National Birth Defect Registry, a research project designed to collect data on all kinds of birth defects and prenatal/preconceptual exposures of mothers and fathers. Relevant area(s) of interest: Attention Deficit Disorder •

CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder Telephone: (302) 306-7070 Toll-free: (800) 233-4050 Fax: (301) 306-7090 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.chadd.org Background: CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is a non-profit organization working to improve the lives of individuals and families affected by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). With over 20,000 members in 250 local chapters nationwide, CHADD achieves its mission through collaborative leadership, advocacy, research, education and support. CHADD provides a support network for parents, caregivers, and individuals with AD/HD; offers a forum for continuing education; disseminates accurate, evidence-based information about AD/HD to parents, educators, adults, professionals and the media; promotes ongoing research; and advocates on behalf of the AD/HD community. Members receive CHADD's bi-monthly Attention! magazine, and have access to the members-only section of the CHADD Web site. CHADD's National Resource Center on AD/HD is staffed by knowledgeable Information Specialists who can answer most questions about AD/HD. Contact the National Resource Center at 1-800-233-4050, or visit it online at www.help4adhd.org. Relevant area(s) of interest: Attention Deficit Disorder

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Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation (CABF) Telephone: (847) 256-8525 Toll-free: Fax: (847) 920-9498 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.bpkids.org Background: The Child and Adolescent Bipolar Foundation (CABF) is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to educate families, professionals, and the public about earlyonset bipolar disorder; support families to maximize the well-being of the child while minimizing the adverse impact of bipolar disorders on the family; and advocate for increased services to families and research on the nature, causes, and treatment of bipolar disorders in the young. CABF was established in 1999, and currently consists of more than 12,500 members.

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Delta Society Telephone: (425) 226-7357 Toll-free: (800) 869-6898


Fax: (425) 235-1076 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.deltasociety.org Background: The Delta Society is a not-for-profit, voluntary organization dedicated to bringing pets into the lives of people who are ill in an effort to improve healing and to helping individuals with disabilities overcome barriers and lead healthier lifestyles. The Society s Pet Partners Program was established in 1977 to train volunteers and screen their pets for visiting animal programs in hospitals, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, and schools. The organization currently consists of 5,000 members with 2,000 pet partners teams operating in 45 states. Animal assisted therapy is incorporated as part of the treatment program for depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, head injuries, and speech disorders as well as many other conditions. Training is provided through Delta certified instructors, a home study course and videotape, and a continuing education newsletter. In addition, the Society offers an 800 Action Line, which provides immediate and comprehensive assistance to people with service dogs who are denied access to places of public accommodation, housing, and employment. •

Learning Disabilities Association of America Telephone: (412) 341-1515 Toll-free: (888) 300-6710 Fax: (412) 344-0224 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.ldaamerica.org Background: The Learning Disabilities Association of America (LDA) is a national notfor-profit voluntary and advocacy organization that was established in 1964 by a group of concerned parents. The only organization of its kind, the Association is dedicated to defining and finding solutions for the broad spectrum of learning disabilities (e.g., visual, auditory, motor, communication, and logical thinking problems). The Association has 50 state affiliates and more than 550 local chapters. Members include parents, professionals from many different disciplines, and other concerned citizens. The Association works directly with school systems in planning and implementing programs for the early identification and diagnosis of children with learning disabilities. The Learning Disabilities Association s Governmental Affairs Committee provides information and recommends action on pending legislation that may affect children with learning disabilities and/or their families. Educational materials produced by the Association include a newsletter published six times a year and numerous brochures, pamphlets, and books related to a variety of topics including adolescents with learning disabilities, LD assessment, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. LDA also publishes a biannual professional journal.

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National Alliance for the Mentally Ill Telephone: (703) 524-7600 Toll-free: (800) 950-6264 Fax: (703) 524-9094 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.nami.org Background: The National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) is a not-for-profit voluntary health organization dedicated to providing mutual support, education,


advocacy, and research funding for people affected by mental illness, their families, and friends. The organization also serves those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenic depression and other related disorders. Established in 1979, this self-help organization refers individuals to nationwide support groups, services, and outreach programs. Educational materials produced by the organization include a database, directories, annual reports, informational brochures, pamphlets, a bimonthly newsletter entitled 'The Advocate,' and 'The Decade of the Brain,' NAMI's quarterly publication for presenting research, clinical practices and advances, and policy updates relevant to serious brain disorders. •

National Association for Adults with Special Learning Needs Telephone: (610) 446-6126 Fax: (610) 446-6129 Email: [email protected] Background: The National Association For Adults With Special Learning Needs (NAASLN) is a professional organization dedicated to organizing, establishing, and promoting an effective national and international coalition of professionals, advocates, and consumers of lifelong learning for the purpose of educating adults with special learning needs. Established in 1987, NAASLN is governed by a volunteer board of directors comprised of adult education, human service, and rehabilitation professionals; advocates; and consumers representing public and private schools, colleges and universities, correction facilities, government agencies, community organizations, businesses and industry, and a host of adult education and literacy programs. The organization produces educational materials including a brochure entitled 'National Association For Adults With Special Learning Needs,' a newsletter entitled 'Learning disAbilities Newsletter,' and a pamphlet entitled 'Services for Families.'.

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National Attention Deficit Disorder Association Telephone: (847) 432-2332 Toll-free: Fax: (847) 432-5874 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.add.org Background: National Attention Deficit Disorders Association is a non-profit organization devoted to the needs of people with attention deficit disorder (AD/HD). Its mission is to educate the public, healthcare professionals, educators, members of the media and legislators on the challenges faced by individuals with AD/HD and the benefits that derive from appropriate treatment. ADDA is focused on the particular needs of adults, young adults, and families living with AD/HD with respect to work issues, relationship and family issues, parenting, medication, organization, time management and life in the home when more than one individual has AD/HD. For its members, it provides information, support, and a connection to others with AD/HD around the world. Relevant area(s) of interest: Attention Deficit Disorder

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National Center for Learning Disabilities Telephone: (212) 545-7510 Toll-free: (888) 575-7373


Fax: (212) 545-9665 Web Site: http://www.ncld.org Background: The National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD) is a national voluntary not-for-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of millions of Americans affected by learning disabilities. Established in 1977, NCLD works toward several goals: advocating for increased research in learning disabilities; providing information and support to teaching professionals so that they are better equipped to assist individuals with learning disabilities; advocating in Washington, DC on behalf of individuals with learning disabilities; and raising public awareness and understanding of learning disabilities throughout the lifespan. In addition, NCLD disseminates information to the public, medical professionals, and individuals with learning disabilities and offers local and regional referrals through an information and referral service. The Center for Learning Disabilities produces a wide variety of educational and support materials including brochures, pamphlets, videotapes, a newsletter, an annual magazine entitled 'Their World,' and assorted reports. •

National Mental Health Association Telephone: (703) 684-7722; Toll-free: (800) 969-6642 Fax: (703) 684-5968 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.nmha.org Background: Established in 1909, the National Mental Health Association (NMHA) is a not-for-profit voluntary organization that addresses the mental health needs of individuals throughout the United States. The Association, which has over 300 affiliates in 35 states, has a network of volunteers across the country that work to meet the mental health needs of their communities. Activities include support groups, community outreach and education, information and referral programs, patient advocacy, and a wide array of other services. Nationally, the Association works with the media to keep the public informed about mental health and mental illness and with the Federal government to promote research and services for people with mental health problems. The Association also works with other major organizations to ensure that the nation s mental health needs are understood and addressed. Services include fact sheet and pamphlet distribution; buddy and companion programs; client services and case management; education and training programs; referral services; and social and recreational programs, workshops, and seminars. Educational materials distributed by the Association include quarterly newsletters entitled 'Prevention Update' and 'The Bell.'.

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National Mental Health Consumer Self-Help Clearinghouse Telephone: Toll-free: (800) 553-4539 Fax: (215) 636-6312 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.mhselfhelp.org Background: The National Mental Health Consumers' Self-Help Clearinghouse is a selfhelp technical assistance organization that was established in 1985. The Clearinghouse handles thousands of inquiries annually from people who are concerned with mental health issues. Clients include mental health care consumers, family members,


professionals, and other interested people who request information and technical assistance about starting and developing self-help projects, self-advocacy projects, and consumer-run mental health services. The Clearinghouse also provides on-site consultations to individuals and groups interested in self-help group and consumer-run service development. In addition, the Clearinghouse sponsors conferences and training events and has developed a wide variety of printed pamphlets and manuals on issues related to developing self-help and self-advocacy projects. A national quarterly newsletter entitled 'The Key' provides assistance to consumers, their families, advocates, and physicians. •

Organization For Anti-Convulsant Syndrome Telephone: 0161-343-6079 Fax: 0161-343-6079 Email: [email protected] Web Site: Http://www.oacs-uk.co.uk Background: The Organization for Anti-Convulsant Syndrome provides help and support to families of children suffering with anti-convulsant syndrome. It provides advice related to special educational needs, assistance in obtaining a diagnosis, and information to increase awareness of risks related to the use of anti-convulsant medication and steps to minimise them. Anti-convulsant syndrome is caused by the use of anti-convulsant medication during pregnancy. The syndrome is known by other names, including anti-epileptic drug syndrome and fetal Valproate syndrome. It may result in learning difficulties or behavioral problems or any of various movement disorders. Established ni 1999, the Organization is based in the United Kingdom.

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The Arc (a national organization on mental retardation) Telephone: (301) 565-3842 Toll-free: (800) 433-5255 Fax: (301) 565-3843 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://thearc.org/ Background: The Arc is the largest organization in the United States that is solely devoted to improving the lives of all children and adults with mental retardation. The organization offers support to families affected by mental retardation and fosters research and educational programs on the prevention of mental retardation. The Arc is committed to securing opportunities for all people with mental retardation. To this end, the organization emphasizes personal opportunities for choice in education, housing, employment, and entertainment. The Arc is further committed to reducing the incidence and limiting the consequences of mental retardation through research, advocacy, and mutual support. The Arc provides leadership in the field of mental retardation and develops necessary human and financial resources to attain its goals. In addition, the Arc provides a wide variety of educational materials for parents, teachers, health care professionals, and others, including a regular newsletter, handbooks, instruction packets, reports, booklets, audio-visual aids, posters, and brochures. Many materials are available in Spanish.


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Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada Telephone: (416) 861-8398 Toll-free: (800) 361-3120 Fax: (416) 861-2472 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.tourette.ca Background: The Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada (TSFC) is a national voluntary health organization dedicated to providing support and information to Canadian families affected by Tourette Syndrome. Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a hereditary neurologic movement disorder characterized by repetitive motor and vocal tics. Symptoms may include involuntary movements of the extremities, shoulders, and face accompanied by uncontrollable sounds and/or inappropriate words. Symptoms tend to be variable and follow a chronic waxing and waning course. TSFC's mission is to help families affected by Tourette Syndrome by gathering and distributing information about the disorder; promoting local self-help and professional services; and stimulating and funding research into the cause, treatment, and potential cure of TS. TSFC organizes workshops and symposiums for healthcare professionals; develops and maintains lists of physicians who diagnose and treat TS; and supports the Brain Bank Program and collaborates with other agencies dealing with neurological disorders. The Foundation publishes a tri-annual newsletter entitled 'The Green Leaflet' and provides brochures, pamphlets, reports, and audiovisual aids. Relevant area(s) of interest: Attention Deficit Disorder

Finding Associations There are several Internet directories that provide lists of medical associations with information on or resources relating to attention deficit disorder. By consulting all of associations listed in this chapter, you will have nearly exhausted all sources for patient associations concerned with attention deficit disorder. The National Health Information Center (NHIC) The National Health Information Center (NHIC) offers a free referral service to help people find organizations that provide information about attention deficit disorder. For more information, see the NHIC’s Web site at http://www.health.gov/NHIC/ or contact an information specialist by calling 1-800-336-4797. Directory of Health Organizations The Directory of Health Organizations, provided by the National Library of Medicine Specialized Information Services, is a comprehensive source of information on associations. The Directory of Health Organizations database can be accessed via the Internet at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/Dir/DirMain.html. It is composed of two parts: DIRLINE and Health Hotlines. The DIRLINE database comprises some 10,000 records of organizations, research centers, and government institutes and associations that primarily focus on health and biomedicine.


To access DIRLINE directly, go to the following Web site: http://dirline.nlm.nih.gov/. Simply type in “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym), and you will receive information on all relevant organizations listed in the database. Health Hotlines directs you to toll-free numbers to over 300 organizations. You can access this database directly at http://www.sis.nlm.nih.gov/hotlines/. On this page, you are given the option to search by keyword or by browsing the subject list. When you have received your search results, click on the name of the organization for its description and contact information. The Combined Health Information Database Another comprehensive source of information on healthcare associations is the Combined Health Information Database. Using the “Detailed Search” option, you will need to limit your search to “Organizations” and “attention deficit disorder”. Type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://chid.nih.gov/detail/detail.html. To find associations, use the drop boxes at the bottom of the search page where “You may refine your search by.” For publication date, select “All Years.” Then, select your preferred language and the format option “Organization Resource Sheet.” Type “attention deficit disorder” (or synonyms) into the “For these words:” box. You should check back periodically with this database since it is updated every three months. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. The National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. has prepared a Web site that provides, at no charge, lists of associations organized by health topic. You can access this database at the following Web site: http://www.rarediseases.org/search/orgsearch.html. Type “attention deficit disorder” (or a synonym) into the search box, and click “Submit Query.”

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APPENDIX C. RESEARCHING MEDICATIONS Overview While a number of hard copy or CD-ROM resources are available for researching medications, a more flexible method is to use Internet-based databases. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of information on approved medications: public sources and private sources. We will emphasize free-to-use public sources.

U.S. Pharmacopeia Because of historical investments by various organizations and the emergence of the Internet, it has become rather simple to learn about the medications recommended for attention deficit disorder. One such source is the United States Pharmacopeia. In 1820, eleven physicians met in Washington, D.C. to establish the first compendium of standard drugs for the United States. They called this compendium the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP). Today, the USP is a non-profit organization consisting of 800 volunteer scientists, eleven elected officials, and 400 representatives of state associations and colleges of medicine and pharmacy. The USP is located in Rockville, Maryland, and its home page is located at http://www.usp.org/. The USP currently provides standards for over 3,700 medications. The resulting USP DI® Advice for the Patient® can be accessed through the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health. The database is partially derived from lists of federally approved medications in the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Drug Approvals database, located at http://www.fda.gov/cder/da/da.htm. While the FDA database is rather large and difficult to navigate, the Phamacopeia is both user-friendly and free to use. It covers more than 9,000 prescription and over-the-counter medications. To access this database, simply type the following hyperlink into your Web browser: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginformation.html. To view examples of a given medication (brand names, category, description, preparation, proper use, precautions, side effects, etc.), simply follow the hyperlinks indicated within the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).


Commercial Databases In addition to the medications listed in the USP above, a number of commercial sites are available by subscription to physicians and their institutions. Or, you may be able to access these sources from your local medical library.

Mosby’s Drug Consult™ Mosby’s Drug Consult™ database (also available on CD-ROM and book format) covers 45,000 drug products including generics and international brands. It provides prescribing information, drug interactions, and patient information. Subscription information is available at the following hyperlink: http://www.mosbysdrugconsult.com/. PDRhealth The PDRhealth database is a free-to-use, drug information search engine that has been written for the public in layman’s terms. It contains FDA-approved drug information adapted from the Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR) database. PDRhealth can be searched by brand name, generic name, or indication. It features multiple drug interactions reports. Search PDRhealth at http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/index.html. Other Web Sites Drugs.com (www.drugs.com) reproduces the information in the Pharmacopeia as well as commercial information. You may also want to consider the Web site of the Medical Letter, Inc. (http://www.medletter.com/) which allows users to download articles on various drugs and therapeutics for a nominal fee. If you have any questions about a medical treatment, the FDA may have an office near you. Look for their number in the blue pages of the phone book. You can also contact the FDA through its toll-free number, 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332), or on the World Wide Web at www.fda.gov.

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APPENDIX D. FINDING MEDICAL LIBRARIES Overview In this Appendix, we show you how to quickly find a medical library in your area.

Preparation Your local public library and medical libraries have interlibrary loan programs with the National Library of Medicine (NLM), one of the largest medical collections in the world. According to the NLM, most of the literature in the general and historical collections of the National Library of Medicine is available on interlibrary loan to any library. If you would like to access NLM medical literature, then visit a library in your area that can request the publications for you.22

Finding a Local Medical Library The quickest method to locate medical libraries is to use the Internet-based directory published by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM). This network includes 4626 members and affiliates that provide many services to librarians, health professionals, and the public. To find a library in your area, simply visit http://nnlm.gov/members/adv.html or call 1-800-338-7657.

Medical Libraries in the U.S. and Canada In addition to the NN/LM, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) lists a number of libraries with reference facilities that are open to the public. The following is the NLM’s list and includes hyperlinks to each library’s Web site. These Web pages can provide information on hours of operation and other restrictions. The list below is a small sample of

22

Adapted from the NLM: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/psd/cas/interlibrary.html.


libraries recommended by the National Library of Medicine (sorted alphabetically by name of the U.S. state or Canadian province where the library is located)23: •

Alabama: Health InfoNet of Jefferson County (Jefferson County Library Cooperative, Lister Hill Library of the Health Sciences), http://www.uab.edu/infonet/

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Alabama: Richard M. Scrushy Library (American Sports Medicine Institute)

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Arizona: Samaritan Regional Medical Center: The Learning Center (Samaritan Health System, Phoenix, Arizona), http://www.samaritan.edu/library/bannerlibs.htm

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California: Kris Kelly Health Information Center (St. Joseph Health System, Humboldt), http://www.humboldt1.com/~kkhic/index.html

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California: Community Health Library of Los Gatos, http://www.healthlib.org/orgresources.html

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California: Consumer Health Program and Services (CHIPS) (County of Los Angeles Public Library, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Library) - Carson, CA, http://www.colapublib.org/services/chips.html

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California: Gateway Health Library (Sutter Gould Medical Foundation)

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California: Health Library (Stanford University Medical Center), http://wwwmed.stanford.edu/healthlibrary/

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California: Patient Education Resource Center - Health Information and Resources (University of California, San Francisco), http://sfghdean.ucsf.edu/barnett/PERC/default.asp

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California: Redwood Health Library (Petaluma Health Care District), http://www.phcd.org/rdwdlib.html

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California: Los Gatos PlaneTree Health Library, http://planetreesanjose.org/

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California: Sutter Resource Library (Sutter Hospitals Foundation, Sacramento), http://suttermedicalcenter.org/library/

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California: Health Sciences Libraries (University of California, Davis), http://www.lib.ucdavis.edu/healthsci/

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California: ValleyCare Health Library & Ryan Comer Cancer Resource Center (ValleyCare Health System, Pleasanton), http://gaelnet.stmarysca.edu/other.libs/gbal/east/vchl.html

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California: Washington Community Health Resource Library (Fremont), http://www.healthlibrary.org/

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Colorado: William V. Gervasini Memorial Library (Exempla Healthcare), http://www.saintjosephdenver.org/yourhealth/libraries/

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Connecticut: Hartford Hospital Health Science Libraries (Hartford Hospital), http://www.harthosp.org/library/

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Connecticut: Healthnet: Connecticut Consumer Health Information Center (University of Connecticut Health Center, Lyman Maynard Stowe Library), http://library.uchc.edu/departm/hnet/

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Abstracted from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/libraries.html.

Finding Medical Libraries 159

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Connecticut: Waterbury Hospital Health Center Library (Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury), http://www.waterburyhospital.com/library/consumer.shtml

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Delaware: Consumer Health Library (Christiana Care Health System, Eugene du Pont Preventive Medicine & Rehabilitation Institute, Wilmington), http://www.christianacare.org/health_guide/health_guide_pmri_health_info.cfm

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Delaware: Lewis B. Flinn Library (Delaware Academy of Medicine, Wilmington), http://www.delamed.org/chls.html

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Georgia: Family Resource Library (Medical College of Georgia, Augusta), http://cmc.mcg.edu/kids_families/fam_resources/fam_res_lib/frl.htm

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Georgia: Health Resource Center (Medical Center of Central Georgia, Macon), http://www.mccg.org/hrc/hrchome.asp

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Hawaii: Hawaii Medical Library: Consumer Health Information Service (Hawaii Medical Library, Honolulu), http://hml.org/CHIS/

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Idaho: DeArmond Consumer Health Library (Kootenai Medical Center, Coeur d’Alene), http://www.nicon.org/DeArmond/index.htm

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Illinois: Health Learning Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago), http://www.nmh.org/health_info/hlc.html

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Illinois: Medical Library (OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, Peoria), http://www.osfsaintfrancis.org/general/library/

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Kentucky: Medical Library - Services for Patients, Families, Students & the Public (Central Baptist Hospital, Lexington), http://www.centralbap.com/education/community/library.cfm

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Kentucky: University of Kentucky - Health Information Library (Chandler Medical Center, Lexington), http://www.mc.uky.edu/PatientEd/

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Louisiana: Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Library (Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans), http://www.ochsner.org/library/

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Louisiana: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Medical LibraryShreveport, http://lib-sh.lsuhsc.edu/

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Maine: Franklin Memorial Hospital Medical Library (Franklin Memorial Hospital, Farmington), http://www.fchn.org/fmh/lib.htm

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Maine: Gerrish-True Health Sciences Library (Central Maine Medical Center, Lewiston), http://www.cmmc.org/library/library.html

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Maine: Hadley Parrot Health Science Library (Eastern Maine Healthcare, Bangor), http://www.emh.org/hll/hpl/guide.htm

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Maine: Maine Medical Center Library (Maine Medical Center, Portland), http://www.mmc.org/library/

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Maine: Parkview Hospital (Brunswick), http://www.parkviewhospital.org/

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Maine: Southern Maine Medical Center Health Sciences Library (Southern Maine Medical Center, Biddeford), http://www.smmc.org/services/service.php3?choice=10

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Maine: Stephens Memorial Hospital’s Health Information Library (Western Maine Health, Norway), http://www.wmhcc.org/Library/


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Manitoba, Canada: Consumer & Patient Health Information Service (University of Manitoba Libraries), http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/health/reference/chis.html

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Manitoba, Canada: J.W. Crane Memorial Library (Deer Lodge Centre, Winnipeg), http://www.deerlodge.mb.ca/crane_library/about.asp

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Maryland: Health Information Center at the Wheaton Regional Library (Montgomery County, Dept. of Public Libraries, Wheaton Regional Library), http://www.mont.lib.md.us/healthinfo/hic.asp

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Massachusetts: Baystate Medical Center Library (Baystate Health System), http://www.baystatehealth.com/1024/

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Massachusetts: Boston University Medical Center Alumni Medical Library (Boston University Medical Center), http://med-libwww.bu.edu/library/lib.html

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Massachusetts: Lowell General Hospital Health Sciences Library (Lowell General Hospital, Lowell), http://www.lowellgeneral.org/library/HomePageLinks/WWW.htm

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Massachusetts: Paul E. Woodard Health Sciences Library (New England Baptist Hospital, Boston), http://www.nebh.org/health_lib.asp

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Massachusetts: St. Luke’s Hospital Health Sciences Library (St. Luke’s Hospital, Southcoast Health System, New Bedford), http://www.southcoast.org/library/

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Massachusetts: Treadwell Library Consumer Health Reference Center (Massachusetts General Hospital), http://www.mgh.harvard.edu/library/chrcindex.html

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Massachusetts: UMass HealthNet (University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester), http://healthnet.umassmed.edu/

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Michigan: Botsford General Hospital Library - Consumer Health (Botsford General Hospital, Library & Internet Services), http://www.botsfordlibrary.org/consumer.htm

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Michigan: Helen DeRoy Medical Library (Providence Hospital and Medical Centers), http://www.providence-hospital.org/library/

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Michigan: Marquette General Hospital - Consumer Health Library (Marquette General Hospital, Health Information Center), http://www.mgh.org/center.html

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Michigan: Patient Education Resouce Center - University of Michigan Cancer Center (University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor), http://www.cancer.med.umich.edu/learn/leares.htm

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Michigan: Sladen Library & Center for Health Information Resources - Consumer Health Information (Detroit), http://www.henryford.com/body.cfm?id=39330

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Montana: Center for Health Information (St. Patrick Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Missoula)

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National: Consumer Health Library Directory (Medical Library Association, Consumer and Patient Health Information Section), http://caphis.mlanet.org/directory/index.html

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National: National Network of Libraries of Medicine (National Library of Medicine) provides library services for health professionals in the United States who do not have access to a medical library, http://nnlm.gov/

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National: NN/LM List of Libraries Serving the Public (National Network of Libraries of Medicine), http://nnlm.gov/members/

Finding Medical Libraries 161

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Nevada: Health Science Library, West Charleston Library (Las Vegas-Clark County Library District, Las Vegas), http://www.lvccld.org/special_collections/medical/index.htm

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New Hampshire: Dartmouth Biomedical Libraries (Dartmouth College Library, Hanover), http://www.dartmouth.edu/~biomed/resources.htmld/conshealth.htmld/

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New Jersey: Consumer Health Library (Rahway Hospital, Rahway), http://www.rahwayhospital.com/library.htm

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New Jersey: Dr. Walter Phillips Health Sciences Library (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.englewoodhospital.com/links/index.htm

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New Jersey: Meland Foundation (Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood), http://www.geocities.com/ResearchTriangle/9360/

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New York: Choices in Health Information (New York Public Library) - NLM Consumer Pilot Project participant, http://www.nypl.org/branch/health/links.html

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New York: Health Information Center (Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse), http://www.upstate.edu/library/hic/

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New York: Health Sciences Library (Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park), http://www.lij.edu/library/library.html

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New York: ViaHealth Medical Library (Rochester General Hospital), http://www.nyam.org/library/

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Ohio: Consumer Health Library (Akron General Medical Center, Medical & Consumer Health Library), http://www.akrongeneral.org/hwlibrary.htm

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Oklahoma: The Health Information Center at Saint Francis Hospital (Saint Francis Health System, Tulsa), http://www.sfh-tulsa.com/services/healthinfo.asp

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Oregon: Planetree Health Resource Center (Mid-Columbia Medical Center, The Dalles), http://www.mcmc.net/phrc/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Information Library (Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey), http://www.hmc.psu.edu/commhealth/

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Pennsylvania: Community Health Resource Library (Geisinger Medical Center, Danville), http://www.geisinger.edu/education/commlib.shtml

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Pennsylvania: HealthInfo Library (Moses Taylor Hospital, Scranton), http://www.mth.org/healthwellness.html

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Pennsylvania: Hopwood Library (University of Pittsburgh, Health Sciences Library System, Pittsburgh), http://www.hsls.pitt.edu/guides/chi/hopwood/index_html

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Pennsylvania: Koop Community Health Information Center (College of Physicians of Philadelphia), http://www.collphyphil.org/kooppg1.shtml

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Pennsylvania: Learning Resources Center - Medical Library (Susquehanna Health System, Williamsport), http://www.shscares.org/services/lrc/index.asp

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Pennsylvania: Medical Library (UPMC Health System, Pittsburgh), http://www.upmc.edu/passavant/library.htm

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Quebec, Canada: Medical Library (Montreal General Hospital), http://www.mghlib.mcgill.ca/


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South Dakota: Rapid City Regional Hospital Medical Library (Rapid City Regional Hospital), http://www.rcrh.org/Services/Library/Default.asp

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Texas: Houston HealthWays (Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library), http://hhw.library.tmc.edu/

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Washington: Community Health Library (Kittitas Valley Community Hospital), http://www.kvch.com/

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Washington: Southwest Washington Medical Center Library (Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver), http://www.swmedicalcenter.com/body.cfm?id=72

163

ONLINE GLOSSARIES The Internet provides access to a number of free-to-use medical dictionaries. The National Library of Medicine has compiled the following list of online dictionaries: •

ADAM Medical Encyclopedia (A.D.A.M., Inc.), comprehensive medical reference: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html

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MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary (MedicineNet, Inc.): http://www.medterms.com/Script/Main/hp.asp

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Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary (Inteli-Health, Inc.): http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/

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Multilingual Glossary of Technical and Popular Medical Terms in Eight European Languages (European Commission) - Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~rvdstich/eugloss/welcome.html

•

On-line Medical Dictionary (CancerWEB): http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/

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Rare Diseases Terms (Office of Rare Diseases): http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp

•

Technology Glossary (National Library of Medicine) - Health Care Technology: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/ta101/ta10108.htm

Beyond these, MEDLINEplus contains a very patient-friendly encyclopedia covering every aspect of medicine (licensed from A.D.A.M., Inc.). The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia can be accessed at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html. ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop.com (http://www.drkoop.com/) and Web MD (http://my.webmd.com/adam/asset/adam_disease_articles/a_to_z/a). The NIH suggests the following Web sites in the ADAM Medical Encyclopedia when searching for information on attention deficit disorder: •

Basic Guidelines for Attention Deficit Disorder Attention deficit disorder (ADD) Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001551.htm

•

Signs & Symptoms for Attention Deficit Disorder Hyperactive Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003256.htm Hyperactivity Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003256.htm

•

Diagnostics and Tests for Attention Deficit Disorder Attention span Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003326.htm


•

Nutrition for Attention Deficit Disorder Caffeine Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002445.htm

•

Background Topics for Attention Deficit Disorder Central nervous system Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002311.htm Developmental milestones Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002348.htm Incidence Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002387.htm IQ testing Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001912.htm Punishment Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002211.htm

Online Dictionary Directories The following are additional online directories compiled by the National Library of Medicine, including a number of specialized medical dictionaries: •

Medical Dictionaries: Medical & Biological (World Health Organization): http://www.who.int/hlt/virtuallibrary/English/diction.htm#Medical

•

MEL-Michigan Electronic Library List of Online Health and Medical Dictionaries (Michigan Electronic Library): http://mel.lib.mi.us/health/health-dictionaries.html

•

Patient Education: Glossaries (DMOZ Open Directory Project): http://dmoz.org/Health/Education/Patient_Education/Glossaries/

•

Web of Online Dictionaries (Bucknell University): http://www.yourdictionary.com/diction5.html#medicine

165

ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER DICTIONARY The definitions below are derived from official public sources, including the National Institutes of Health [NIH] and the European Union [EU]. Accommodation: Adjustment, especially that of the eye for various distances. [EU] Achievement: Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general. [NIH] Acoustic: Having to do with sound or hearing. [NIH] Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, eating, etc., in rehabilitation. [NIH] Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter. [NIH] Adjustment: The dynamic process wherein the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and biophysiological mechanisms of the individual continually change to adjust to the environment. [NIH] Adolescence: The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and terminating with the cessation of somatic growth. The years usually referred to as adolescence lie between 13 and 18 years of age. [NIH] Adolescent Behavior: Any observable response or action of an adolescent. [NIH] Adrenal Cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It secretes mineralocorticoids, androgens, and glucocorticoids. [NIH] Adrenal Medulla: The inner part of the adrenal gland; it synthesizes, stores and releases catecholamines. [NIH] Adrenaline: A hormone. Also called epinephrine. [NIH] Adrenergic: Activated by, characteristic of, or secreting epinephrine or substances with similar activity; the term is applied to those nerve fibres that liberate norepinephrine at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes, i.e., the sympathetic fibres. [EU] Adverse Effect: An unwanted side effect of treatment. [NIH] Affinity: 1. Inherent likeness or relationship. 2. A special attraction for a specific element, organ, or structure. 3. Chemical affinity; the force that binds atoms in molecules; the tendency of substances to combine by chemical reaction. 4. The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex. 5. In immunology, a thermodynamic expression of the strength of interaction between a single antigen-binding site and a single antigenic determinant (and thus of the stereochemical compatibility between them), most accurately applied to interactions among simple, uniform antigenic determinants such as haptens. Expressed as the association constant (K litres mole -1), which, owing to the heterogeneity of affinities in a population of antibody molecules of a given specificity, actually represents an average value (mean intrinsic association constant). 6. The reciprocal of the dissociation constant. [EU] Age of Onset: The age or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual. [NIH]


Agonist: In anatomy, a prime mover. In pharmacology, a drug that has affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity at cell receptors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances. [EU] Agoraphobia: Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places. [NIH] Airway: A device for securing unobstructed passage of air into and out of the lungs during general anesthesia. [NIH] Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs. [NIH] Alcohol-Related Disorders: Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol. [NIH] Alertness: A state of readiness to detect and respond to certain specified small changes occurring at random intervals in the environment. [NIH] Alexia: The inability to recognize or comprehend written or printed words. [NIH] Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task. [NIH] Alkaline: Having the reactions of an alkali. [EU] Alkaloid: A member of a large group of chemicals that are made by plants and have nitrogen in them. Some alkaloids have been shown to work against cancer. [NIH] Alpha Particles: Positively charged particles composed of two protons and two neutrons, i.e., helium nuclei, emitted during disintegration of very heavy isotopes; a beam of alpha particles or an alpha ray has very strong ionizing power, but weak penetrability. [NIH] Alternative medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used instead of standard treatments. Alternative medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Ambulatory Care: Health care services provided to patients on an ambulatory basis, rather than by admission to a hospital or other health care facility. The services may be a part of a hospital, augmenting its inpatient services, or may be provided at a free-standing facility. [NIH]

Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation. [NIH] Amino acid: Any organic compound containing an amino (-NH2 and a carboxyl (- COOH) group. The 20 a-amino acids listed in the accompanying table are the amino acids from which proteins are synthesized by formation of peptide bonds during ribosomal translation of messenger RNA; all except glycine, which is not optically active, have the L configuration. Other amino acids occurring in proteins, such as hydroxyproline in collagen, are formed by posttranslational enzymatic modification of amino acids residues in polypeptide chains. There are also several important amino acids, such as the neurotransmitter y-aminobutyric acid, that have no relation to proteins. Abbreviated AA. [EU] Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining protein conformation. [NIH] Amnion: The extraembryonic membrane which contains the embryo and amniotic fluid. [NIH]

Amniotic Fluid: Amniotic cavity fluid which is produced by the amnion and fetal lungs and kidneys. [NIH] Amphetamine:

A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic.

Dictionary 167

Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is dextroamphetamine. [NIH] Anal: Having to do with the anus, which is the posterior opening of the large bowel. [NIH] Analog: In chemistry, a substance that is similar, but not identical, to another. [NIH] Anatomical: Pertaining to anatomy, or to the structure of the organism. [EU] Animal model: An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and to test new treatments before they are given to humans. Animals with transplanted human cancers or other tissues are called xenograft models. [NIH] Antagonism: Interference with, or inhibition of, the growth of a living organism by another living organism, due either to creation of unfavorable conditions (e. g. exhaustion of food supplies) or to production of a specific antibiotic substance (e. g. penicillin). [NIH] Antibacterial: A substance that destroys bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction. [EU] Antibiotic: A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. [NIH]

Antibody: A type of protein made by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody can bind to only a specific antigen. The purpose of this binding is to help destroy the antigen. Antibodies can work in several ways, depending on the nature of the antigen. Some antibodies destroy antigens directly. Others make it easier for white blood cells to destroy the antigen. [NIH] Anticoagulant: A drug that helps prevent blood clots from forming. Also called a blood thinner. [NIH] Antidepressant: A drug used to treat depression. [NIH] Antigen: Any substance which is capable, under appropriate conditions, of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, that is, with specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Antigens may be soluble substances, such as toxins and foreign proteins, or particulate, such as bacteria and tissue cells; however, only the portion of the protein or polysaccharide molecule known as the antigenic determinant (q.v.) combines with antibody or a specific receptor on a lymphocyte. Abbreviated Ag. [EU] Antihypertensive: An agent that reduces high blood pressure. [EU] Anti-infective: An agent that so acts. [EU] Anti-Infective Agents: Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection. [NIH] Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. [NIH] Antipsychotic: Effective in the treatment of psychosis. Antipsychotic drugs (called also neuroleptic drugs and major tranquilizers) are a chemically diverse (including phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones, dibenzoxazepines, dibenzodiazepines, and diphenylbutylpiperidines) but pharmacologically similar class of drugs used to treat schizophrenic, paranoid, schizoaffective, and other psychotic disorders; acute delirium and dementia, and manic episodes (during induction of lithium therapy); to control the


movement disorders associated with Huntington's chorea, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, and ballismus; and to treat intractable hiccups and severe nausea and vomiting. Antipsychotic agents bind to dopamine, histamine, muscarinic cholinergic, a-adrenergic, and serotonin receptors. Blockade of dopaminergic transmission in various areas is thought to be responsible for their major effects : antipsychotic action by blockade in the mesolimbic and mesocortical areas; extrapyramidal side effects (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia) by blockade in the basal ganglia; and antiemetic effects by blockade in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla. Sedation and autonomic side effects (orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, dry mouth, nasal congestion and constipation) are caused by blockade of histamine, cholinergic, and adrenergic receptors. [EU] Anus: The opening of the rectum to the outside of the body. [NIH] Anxiety Disorders: Disorders in which anxiety (persistent feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness) is the predominant disturbance. [NIH] Apathy: Lack of feeling or emotion; indifference. [EU] Aphasia: A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia. [NIH] Aromatic: Having a spicy odour. [EU] Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart. [NIH] Arterioles: The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries. [NIH] Artery: Vessel-carrying blood from the heart to various parts of the body. [NIH] Astrocytes: The largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury. Astrocytes have high- affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitter, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is not well understood. [NIH] Atopic: Pertaining to an atopen or to atopy; allergic. [EU] Atypical: Irregular; not conformable to the type; in microbiology, applied specifically to strains of unusual type. [EU] Auditory: Pertaining to the sense of hearing. [EU] Autonomic: Self-controlling; functionally independent. [EU] Bacteria: Unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. [NIH] Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres. [NIH] Basal Ganglia Diseases: Diseases of the basal ganglia including the putamen; globus pallidus; claustrum; amygdala; and caudate nucleus. Dyskinesias (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include cerebrovascular disease;

Dictionary 169

neurodegenerative diseases; and craniocerebral trauma. [NIH] Base: In chemistry, the nonacid part of a salt; a substance that combines with acids to form salts; a substance that dissociates to give hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; a substance whose molecule or ion can combine with a proton (hydrogen ion); a substance capable of donating a pair of electrons (to an acid) for the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. [EU] Beta-Endorphin: A peptide consisting of amino acid sequence 61-91 of the endogenous pituitary hormone beta-lipotropin. The first four amino acids show a common tetrapeptide sequence with methionine- and leucine enkephalin. The compound shows opiate-like activity. Injection of beta-endorphin induces a profound analgesia of the whole body for several hours. This action is reversed after administration of naloxone. [NIH] Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the liver and secreted into the duodenum. Its composition includes bile acids and salts, cholesterol, and electrolytes. It aids digestion of fats in the duodenum. [NIH] Bile Pigments: Pigments that give a characteristic color to bile including: bilirubin, biliverdine, and bilicyanin. [NIH] Biochemical: Relating to biochemistry; characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms. [EU] Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., genetic engineering) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include transfection and cloning technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. [NIH] Bipolar Disorder: A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. [NIH] Bladder: The organ that stores urine. [NIH] Blastocyst: The mammalian embryo in the post-morula stage in which a fluid-filled cavity, enclosed primarily by trophoblast, contains an inner cell mass which becomes the embryonic disc. [NIH] Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of blood coagulation factors that results in an insoluble fibrin clot. [NIH] Blood vessel: A tube in the body through which blood circulates. Blood vessels include a network of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. [NIH] Bone scan: A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film. A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream; it collects in the bones and is detected by a scanner. [NIH] Bowel: The long tube-shaped organ in the abdomen that completes the process of digestion. There is both a small and a large bowel. Also called the intestine. [NIH] Bowel Movement: Body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. [NIH] Brain Injuries: Acute and chronic injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with diffuse axonal injury or coma, posttraumatic. Localized injuries may be associated with neurobehavioral manifestations; hemiparesis, or other focal neurologic deficits. [NIH] Brain Stem: The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata. [NIH]


Branch: Most commonly used for branches of nerves, but applied also to other structures. [NIH]

Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion and is used to treat amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and female infertility, and has been proposed for Parkinson disease. [NIH] Bupropion: A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment. [NIH] Caffeine: A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes smooth muscle, stimulates cardiac muscle, stimulates diuresis, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, antagonism of adenosine receptors, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. [NIH] Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. [NIH] Capsules: Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine. [NIH] Carbohydrate: An aldehyde or ketone derivative of a polyhydric alcohol, particularly of the pentahydric and hexahydric alcohols. They are so named because the hydrogen and oxygen are usually in the proportion to form water, (CH2O)n. The most important carbohydrates are the starches, sugars, celluloses, and gums. They are classified into mono-, di-, tri-, polyand heterosaccharides. [EU] Carbon Dioxide: A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals. [NIH] Cardiac: Having to do with the heart. [NIH] Cardiorespiratory: Relating to the heart and lungs and their function. [EU] Cardiovascular: Having to do with the heart and blood vessels. [NIH] Catecholamine: A group of chemical substances manufactured by the adrenal medulla and secreted during physiological stress. [NIH] Causal: Pertaining to a cause; directed against a cause. [EU] Cell: The individual unit that makes up all of the tissues of the body. All living things are made up of one or more cells. [NIH] Central Nervous System: The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. [NIH] Cerebellar: Pertaining to the cerebellum. [EU] Cerebellum: Part of the metencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem. It is concerned with the coordination of movement. [NIH] Cerebral: Of or pertaining of the cerebrum or the brain. [EU] Cerebral hemispheres: The two halves of the cerebrum, the part of the brain that controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and

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learning. The right hemisphere controls muscle movement on the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls muscle movement on the right side of the body. [NIH] Cerebral Palsy: Refers to a motor disability caused by a brain dysfunction. [NIH] Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, or halves, called the cerebral hemispheres. The cerebrum controls muscle functions of the body and also controls speech, emotions, reading, writing, and learning. [NIH] Child Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders in children. [NIH] Chin: The anatomical frontal portion of the mandible, also known as the mentum, that contains the line of fusion of the two separate halves of the mandible (symphysis menti). This line of fusion divides inferiorly to enclose a triangular area called the mental protuberance. On each side, inferior to the second premolar tooth, is the mental foramen for the passage of blood vessels and a nerve. [NIH] Cholinergic: Resembling acetylcholine in pharmacological action; stimulated by or releasing acetylcholine or a related compound. [EU] Chorea: Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as choreatic disorders. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of basal ganglia diseases. [NIH] Choreatic Disorders: Acquired and hereditary conditions which feature chorea as a primary manifestation of the disease process. [NIH] Chorioamnionitis: An inflammatory process involving the chorion, its fetal blood vessels, the umbilical cord, and the amnion by extension of the inflammation, as the amnion itself has no blood supply. This inflammatory process is potentially fatal to mother and fetus. [NIH]

Chorion: The outermost extraembryonic membrane. [NIH] Chromosome: Part of a cell that contains genetic information. Except for sperm and eggs, all human cells contain 46 chromosomes. [NIH] Chronic: A disease or condition that persists or progresses over a long period of time. [NIH] Clinical Medicine: The study and practice of medicine by direct examination of the patient. [NIH]

Clinical trial: A research study that tests how well new medical treatments or other interventions work in people. Each study is designed to test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NIH] Cloning: The production of a number of genetically identical individuals; in genetic engineering, a process for the efficient replication of a great number of identical DNA molecules. [NIH] Coca: Any of several South American shrubs of the Erythroxylon genus (and family) that yield cocaine; the leaves are chewed with alum for CNS stimulation. [NIH] Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. [NIH] Codons: Any triplet of nucleotides (coding unit) in DNA or RNA (if RNA is the carrier of


primary genetic information as in some viruses) that codes for particular amino acid or signals the beginning or end of the message. [NIH] Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism becomes aware of or obtains knowledge. [NIH] Cognitive Therapy: A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior. [NIH] Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. Different forms of collagen are produced in the body but all consist of three alpha-polypeptide chains arranged in a triple helix. Collagen is differentiated from other fibrous proteins, such as elastin, by the content of proline, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine; by the absence of tryptophan; and particularly by the high content of polar groups which are responsible for its swelling properties. [NIH] Colon: The long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus. [NIH] Communication Disorders: Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive language disorders, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., mental retardation), psychiatric conditions, and hearing disorders. [NIH] Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival. [NIH] Complementary medicine: Practices not generally recognized by the medical community as standard or conventional medical approaches and used to enhance or complement the standard treatments. Complementary medicine includes the taking of dietary supplements, megadose vitamins, and herbal preparations; the drinking of special teas; and practices such as massage therapy, magnet therapy, spiritual healing, and meditation. [NIH] Compulsions: In psychology, an irresistible urge, sometimes amounting to obsession to perform a particular act which usually is carried out against the performer's will or better judgment. [NIH] Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories applicable to molecular biology and areas of computer-based techniques for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets. [NIH] Computed tomography: CT scan. A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. [NIH] Computerized axial tomography: A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body, taken from different angles; the pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. Also called CAT scan, computed tomography (CT scan), or computerized

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tomography. [NIH] Confusion: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue: Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix. [NIH] Connective Tissue Cells: A group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells. [NIH] Constipation: Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. [NIH] Consumption: Pulmonary tuberculosis. [NIH] Continuum: An area over which the vegetation or animal population is of constantly changing composition so that homogeneous, separate communities cannot be distinguished. [NIH]

Contraindications: Any factor or sign that it is unwise to pursue a certain kind of action or treatment, e. g. giving a general anesthetic to a person with pneumonia. [NIH] Controlled study: An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NIH] Coordination: Muscular or motor regulation or the harmonious cooperation of muscles or groups of muscles, in a complex action or series of actions. [NIH] Coronary: Encircling in the manner of a crown; a term applied to vessels; nerves, ligaments, etc. The term usually denotes the arteries that supply the heart muscle and, by extension, a pathologic involvement of them. [EU] Coronary Thrombosis: Presence of a thrombus in a coronary artery, often causing a myocardial infarction. [NIH] Corpus: The body of the uterus. [NIH] Corpus Callosum: Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure. [NIH] Cortex: The outer layer of an organ or other body structure, as distinguished from the internal substance. [EU] Cortisol: A steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex as part of the body's response to stress. [NIH] Criterion: A standard by which something may be judged. [EU] Curative: Tending to overcome disease and promote recovery. [EU] Cyanosis: A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule. [NIH] Cyclic: Pertaining to or occurring in a cycle or cycles; the term is applied to chemical compounds that contain a ring of atoms in the nucleus. [EU] Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from factual databases which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them. [NIH]


Deamination: The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound. [NIH] Decidua: The epithelial lining of the endometrium that is formed before the fertilized ovum reaches the uterus. The fertilized ovum embeds in the decidua. If the ovum is not fertilized, the decidua is shed during menstruation. [NIH] Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA (chromosomes), bringing sequences, which are normally separated, into close proximity. [NIH] Delusion: A false belief, not susceptible to argument or reason, and determined, pathologically, by some form of mental disorder. [NIH] Dental Care: The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982). [NIH] Dental Hygienists: Persons trained in an accredited school or dental college and licensed by the state in which they reside to provide dental prophylaxis under the direction of a licensed dentist. [NIH] Depressive Disorder: An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. [NIH] Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholingeric activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors. [NIH] Developed Countries: Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources. [NIH] Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of amphetamine. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. [NIH] Diagnostic procedure: A method used to identify a disease. [NIH] Diastolic: Of or pertaining to the diastole. [EU] Diastolic blood pressure: The minimum pressure that remains within the artery when the heart is at rest. [NIH] Diffuse Axonal Injury: A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include neurobehavioral manifestations; persistent vegetative state; dementia; and other disorders. [NIH]

Digestive system: The organs that take in food and turn it into products that the body can use to stay healthy. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through bowel movements. The digestive system includes the salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and large intestines, and rectum. [NIH] Direct: 1. Straight; in a straight line. 2. Performed immediately and without the intervention of subsidiary means. [EU] Disabled Children: Children with mental or physical disabilities that interfere with usual activities of daily living and that may require accommodation or intervention. [NIH] Diuresis: Increased excretion of urine. [EU]

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Dominance: In genetics, the full phenotypic expression of a gene in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. [EU] Dopa: The racemic or DL form of DOPA, an amino acid found in various legumes. The dextro form has little physiologic activity but the levo form (levodopa) is a very important physiologic mediator and precursor and pharmacological agent. [NIH] Dopamine: An endogenous catecholamine and prominent neurotransmitter in several systems of the brain. In the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine, it is the immediate precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of dopaminergic receptor subtypes mediate its action. Dopamine is used pharmacologically for its direct (beta adrenergic agonist) and indirect (adrenergic releasing) sympathomimetic effects including its actions as an inotropic agent and as a renal vasodilator. [NIH] Double-blind: Pertaining to a clinical trial or other experiment in which neither the subject nor the person administering treatment knows which treatment any particular subject is receiving. [EU] Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. [NIH] Duct: A tube through which body fluids pass. [NIH] Dyslexia: Partial alexia in which letters but not words may be read, or in which words may be read but not understood. [NIH] Dysphoric: A feeling of unpleasantness and discomfort. [NIH] Eating Disorders: A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. [NIH] Efficacy: The extent to which a specific intervention, procedure, regimen, or service produces a beneficial result under ideal conditions. Ideally, the determination of efficacy is based on the results of a randomized control trial. [NIH] Electrons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called cathode rays or beta rays, the latter being a high-energy biproduct of nuclear decay. [NIH] Embryo: The prenatal stage of mammalian development characterized by rapid morphological changes and the differentiation of basic structures. [NIH] Embryology: The study of the development of an organism during the embryonic and fetal stages of life. [NIH] Empirical: A treatment based on an assumed diagnosis, prior to receiving confirmatory laboratory test results. [NIH] Endocrine System: The system of glands that release their secretions (hormones) directly into the circulatory system. In addition to the endocrine glands, included are the chromaffin system and the neurosecretory systems. [NIH] Endogenous: Produced inside an organism or cell. The opposite is external (exogenous) production. [NIH] Enkephalin: A natural opiate painkiller, in the hypothalamus. [NIH] Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health. [NIH]


Enzymatic: Phase where enzyme cuts the precursor protein. [NIH] Enzyme: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. [NIH] Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the adrenal medulla in most species. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic vasoconstriction and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the heart, and dilates bronchi and cerebral vessels. It is used in asthma and cardiac failure and to delay absorption of local anesthetics. [NIH] Ergot: Cataract due to ergot poisoning caused by eating of rye cereals contaminated by a fungus. [NIH] Esophagus: The muscular tube through which food passes from the throat to the stomach. [NIH]

Estrogen: One of the two female sex hormones. [NIH] Evoke: The electric response recorded from the cerebral cortex after stimulation of a peripheral sense organ. [NIH] Excipients: Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form; a binder, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc. [NIH] Extracellular: Outside a cell or cells. [EU] Extracellular Matrix: A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. [NIH] Facial: Of or pertaining to the face. [EU] Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear. [NIH] Facial Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation. [NIH] Failure to Thrive: A condition in which an infant or child's weight gain and growth are far below usual levels for age. [NIH] Family Planning: Programs or services designed to assist the family in controlling reproduction by either improving or diminishing fertility. [NIH] Fatigue: The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. [NIH]

Fats: One of the three main classes of food and a source of energy in the body. Bile dissolves fats, and enzymes break them down. This process moves fats into cells. [NIH] Fatty acids: A major component of fats that are used by the body for energy and tissue development. [NIH] Fence: A hearing threshold level above which degrees of hearing handicap (or disability) are deemed to exist. [NIH]

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A disorder occurring in children born to alcoholic women who continue to drink heavily during pregnancy. Common abnormalities are growth deficiency (prenatal and postnatal), altered morphogenesis, mental deficiency, and characteristic facies - small eyes and flattened nasal bridge. Fine motor dysfunction and tremulousness are observed in the newborn. [NIH] Fetal Blood: Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the placenta. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery. [NIH] Fetal Heart: The heart of the fetus of any viviparous animal. It refers to the heart in the postembryonic period and is differentiated from the embryonic heart (heart/embryology) only on the basis of time. [NIH] Fetus: The developing offspring from 7 to 8 weeks after conception until birth. [NIH] Fissure: Any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise; especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex which involves the entire thickness of the brain wall. [EU] Flavoring Agents: Substances added to foods and medicine to improve the quality of taste. [NIH]

Fluorescence: The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis. [NIH] Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. [NIH]

Food Additives: Substances which are of little or no nutritive value, but are used in the processing or storage of foods or animal feed, especially in the developed countries; includes antioxidants, food preservatives, food coloring agents, flavoring agents, antiinfective agents (both plain and local), vehicles, excipients and other similarly used substances. Many of the same substances are pharmaceutic aids when added to pharmaceuticals rather than to foods. [NIH] Food Coloring Agents: Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods. [NIH] Food Preservatives: Substances capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other deterioration of foods. [NIH] Fourth Ventricle: An irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space. [NIH]

Frontal Lobe: The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. [NIH] Gallbladder: The pear-shaped organ that sits below the liver. Bile is concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. [NIH] Ganglia: Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized connective tissue located outside the central nervous system. [NIH] Gastrin: A hormone released after eating. Gastrin causes the stomach to produce more acid. [NIH]

Gene: The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.


[NIH]

Genetic Techniques: Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics. [NIH] Genetics: The biological science that deals with the phenomena and mechanisms of heredity. [NIH] Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual; the characterization of the genes. [NIH] Gestation: The period of development of the young in viviparous animals, from the time of fertilization of the ovum until birth. [EU] Gestational: Psychosis attributable to or occurring during pregnancy. [NIH] Gestational Age: Age of the conceptus. In humans, this may be assessed by medical history, physical examination, early immunologic pregnancy tests, radiography, ultrasonography, and amniotic fluid analysis. [NIH] Gifted: As used in child psychiatry, this term is meant to refer to a child whose intelligence is in the upper 2 per cent of the total population of his age. [NIH] Gland: An organ that produces and releases one or more substances for use in the body. Some glands produce fluids that affect tissues or organs. Others produce hormones or participate in blood production. [NIH] Glucose: D-Glucose. A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. [NIH] Glycine: A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. [NIH] Governing Board: The group in which legal authority is vested for the control of healthrelated institutions and organizations. [NIH] Grade: The grade of a tumor depends on how abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope and how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. Grading systems are different for each type of cancer. [NIH] Growth: The progressive development of a living being or part of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity. [NIH] Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation. [NIH] Handicap: A handicap occurs as a result of disability, but disability does not always constitute a handicap. A handicap may be said to exist when a disability causes a substantial and continuing reduction in a person's capacity to function socially and vocationally. [NIH] Head Movements: Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans. [NIH] Headache: Pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions including subarachnoid hemorrhage; craniocerebral trauma; central nervous system infections; intracranial hypertension; and other disorders. In general, recurrent headaches that are not associated with a primary disease process are referred to as headache disorders (e.g., migraine). [NIH] Hearing Disorders: Conditions that impair the transmission or perception of auditory impulses and information from the level of the ear to the temporal cortices, including the sensorineural pathways. [NIH]

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Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. [NIH] Heredity: 1. The genetic transmission of a particular quality or trait from parent to offspring. 2. The genetic constitution of an individual. [EU] Homogeneous: Consisting of or composed of similar elements or ingredients; of a uniform quality throughout. [EU] Hormone: A substance in the body that regulates certain organs. Hormones such as gastrin help in breaking down food. Some hormones come from cells in the stomach and small intestine. [NIH] Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight 1. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are protons. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope deuterium and the unstable, radioactive isotope tritium. [NIH] Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. [NIH] Hyperacusis: An abnormally disproportionate increase in the sensation of loudness in response to auditory stimuli of normal volume. Cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; facial nerve diseases; stapes surgery; and other disorders may be associated with this condition. [NIH] Hypercalcemia: Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. [NIH] Hyperkinesis: Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders. [NIH] Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, not due to tumor formation. It differs from hypertrophy, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypertrophy: General increase in bulk of a part or organ, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. [NIH] Hypokinesia: Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with basal ganglia diseases; mental disorders; prolonged inactivity due to illness; experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility; and other conditions. [NIH] Hypothalamic: Of or involving the hypothalamus. [EU] Hypothalamus: Ventral part of the diencephalon extending from the region of the optic chiasm to the caudal border of the mammillary bodies and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the third ventricle. [NIH] Id: The part of the personality structure which harbors the unconscious instinctive desires and strivings of the individual. [NIH] Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group. [NIH]

Immune response: (antigens). [NIH]

The activity of the immune system against foreign substances

Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. Active immunization involves administration of antigens or immunologic adjuvants. Passive immunization involves administration of immune sera or lymphocytes or their extracts (e.g., transfer


factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow). [NIH] Impairment: In the context of health experience, an impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function. [NIH] Impulsive Behavior: An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction, or obvious control in response to a stimulus. [NIH] Incision: A cut made in the body during surgery. [NIH] Indicative: That indicates; that points out more or less exactly; that reveals fairly clearly. [EU]

Induction: The act or process of inducing or causing to occur, especially the production of a specific morphogenetic effect in the developing embryo through the influence of evocators or organizers, or the production of anaesthesia or unconsciousness by use of appropriate agents. [EU] Infancy: The period of complete dependency prior to the acquisition of competence in walking, talking, and self-feeding. [NIH] Infection: 1. Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response. The infection may remain localized, subclinical, and temporary if the body's defensive mechanisms are effective. A local infection may persist and spread by extension to become an acute, subacute, or chronic clinical infection or disease state. A local infection may also become systemic when the microorganisms gain access to the lymphatic or vascular system. 2. An infectious disease. [EU]

Infertility: The diminished or absent ability to conceive or produce an offspring while sterility is the complete inability to conceive or produce an offspring. [NIH] Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. [NIH] Ingestion: Taking into the body by mouth [NIH] Inotropic: Affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions. [EU] Interstitial: Pertaining to or situated between parts or in the interspaces of a tissue. [EU] Intestinal: Having to do with the intestines. [NIH] Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the anus. It includes the large intestine and small intestine. [NIH] Intracellular: Inside a cell. [NIH] Introns: Non-coding, intervening sequences of DNA that are transcribed, but are removed from within the primary gene transcript and rapidly degraded during maturation of messenger RNA. Most genes in the nuclei of eukaryotes contain introns, as do mitochondrial and chloroplast genes. [NIH] Invasive: 1. Having the quality of invasiveness. 2. Involving puncture or incision of the skin or insertion of an instrument or foreign material into the body; said of diagnostic techniques. [EU]

Involuntary: Reaction occurring without intention or volition. [NIH] Kb: A measure of the length of DNA fragments, 1 Kb = 1000 base pairs. The largest DNA fragments are up to 50 kilobases long. [NIH] Lactation: The period of the secretion of milk. [EU]

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Language Development: The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences. [NIH] Language Disorders: Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders. [NIH] Large Intestine: The part of the intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum. The large intestine absorbs water from stool and changes it from a liquid to a solid form. The large intestine is 5 feet long and includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. Also called colon. [NIH] Latency: The period of apparent inactivity between the time when a stimulus is presented and the moment a response occurs. [NIH] Latent: Phoria which occurs at one distance or another and which usually has no troublesome effect. [NIH] Laterality: Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot. [NIH] Learning Disorders: Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia. [NIH] Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation. [NIH]

Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of dopa and the immediate precursor of dopamine. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to dopamine. It is used for the treatment of parkinsonism and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. [NIH] Library Services: circulation. [NIH]

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and

Linkage: The tendency of two or more genes in the same chromosome to remain together from one generation to the next more frequently than expected according to the law of independent assortment. [NIH] Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight 6.94. Salts of lithium are used in treating manic-depressive disorders. [NIH] Liver: A large, glandular organ located in the upper abdomen. The liver cleanses the blood and aids in digestion by secreting bile. [NIH] Liver scan: An image of the liver created on a computer screen or on film. A radioactive substance is injected into a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. It collects in the liver, especially in abnormal areas, and can be detected by the scanner. [NIH] Lobe: A portion of an organ such as the liver, lung, breast, or brain. [NIH] Localized: Cancer which has not metastasized yet. [NIH] Locus Coeruleus: Bluish region in the superior angle of the fourth ventricle floor, corresponding to melanin-like pigmented nerve cells which lie lateral to the pontomesencephalic central gray (griseum centrale). It is also known as nucleus pigmentosus


pontis. [NIH] Lutein Cells: The cells of the corpus luteum which are derived from the granulosa cells and the theca cells of the Graafian follicle. [NIH] Lymphatic: The tissues and organs, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes, that produce and store cells that fight infection and disease. [NIH] Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques. [NIH] Mania: Excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behaviour, and elevation of mood. [EU] Manic: Affected with mania. [EU] Manic-depressive psychosis: One of a group of psychotic reactions, fundamentally marked by severe mood swings and a tendency to remission and recurrence. [NIH] Marital Status: A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc. [NIH] Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a fullterm fetus. It consists of secretions of the intestinal glands, bile pigments, fatty acids, amniotic fluid, and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. [NIH]

Meconium Aspiration: Syndrome caused by sucking of thick meconium into the lungs, usually by term or post-term infants (often small for gestational age) either in utero or with first breath. The resultant small airway obstruction may produce respiratory distress, tachypnea, cyanosis, pneumothorax, and/or pneumomediastinum. [NIH] Mediate: Indirect; accomplished by the aid of an intervening medium. [EU] Medical Records: illnesses. [NIH]

Recording of pertinent information concerning patient's illness or

MEDLINE: An online database of MEDLARS, the computerized bibliographic Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System of the National Library of Medicine. [NIH] Melanin: The substance that gives the skin its color. [NIH] Membranes: Thin layers of tissue which cover parts of the body, separate adjacent cavities, or connect adjacent structures. [NIH] Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory. [NIH] Meninges: The three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. [NIH] Mental: Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. [EU] Mental deficiency: A condition of arrested or incomplete development of mind from inherent causes or induced by disease or injury. [NIH] Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. [NIH] Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted. [NIH] Mental Retardation: Refers to sub-average general intellectual functioning which originated during the developmental period and is associated with impairment in adaptive

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behavior. [NIH] Mesencephalic: Ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis and contralateral tremor, spasm. or choreic movements of the face and limbs. [NIH] Methionine: A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals. [NIH] Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of attention-deficit disorders in children and for narcolepsy. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of dextroamphetamine. [NIH] MI: Myocardial infarction. Gross necrosis of the myocardium as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area; it is almost always caused by atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, upon which coronary thrombosis is usually superimposed. [NIH] Microbiology: The study of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, algae, archaea, and viruses. [NIH] Microglia: The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling. [NIH] Microwaves: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum lying between UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and heat (infrared) waves. Microwaves are used to generate heat, especially in some types of diathermy. They may cause heat damage to tissues. [NIH] Mobility: Capability of movement, of being moved, or of flowing freely. [EU] Modification: A change in an organism, or in a process in an organism, that is acquired from its own activity or environment. [NIH] Molecular: Of, pertaining to, or composed of molecules : a very small mass of matter. [EU] Molecule: A chemical made up of two or more atoms. The atoms in a molecule can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms. [NIH] Monoamine: Enzyme that breaks down dopamine in the astrocytes and microglia. [NIH] Monoamine Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4. [NIH] Mood Disorders: Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature. [NIH] Morphogenesis: The development of the form of an organ, part of the body, or organism. [NIH]

Morphology: The science of the form and structure of organisms (plants, animals, and other forms of life). [NIH]


Motor Activity: The physical activity of an organism as a behavioral phenomenon. [NIH] Motor Cortex: Area of the frontal lobe concerned with primary motor control. It lies anterior to the central sulcus. [NIH] Mucilaginous: Pertaining to or secreting mucus. [NIH] Mucosa: A mucous membrane, or tunica mucosa. [EU] Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. [NIH] Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors. [NIH] Narcolepsy: A condition of unknown cause characterized by a periodic uncontrollable tendency to fall asleep. [NIH] NCI: National Cancer Institute. NCI, part of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, is the federal government's principal agency for cancer research. NCI conducts, coordinates, and funds cancer research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. Access the NCI Web site at http://cancer.gov. [NIH] Necrosis: A pathological process caused by the progressive degradative action of enzymes that is generally associated with severe cellular trauma. It is characterized by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death. [NIH] Need: A state of tension or dissatisfaction felt by an individual that impels him to action toward a goal he believes will satisfy the impulse. [NIH] Nerve: A cordlike structure of nervous tissue that connects parts of the nervous system with other tissues of the body and conveys nervous impulses to, or away from, these tissues. [NIH]

Nervous System: The entire nerve apparatus composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and ganglia. [NIH] Neural: 1. Pertaining to a nerve or to the nerves. 2. Situated in the region of the spinal axis, as the neutral arch. [EU] Neurobehavioral Manifestations: Signs and symptoms of higher cortical dysfunction caused by organic conditions. These include certain behavioral alterations and impairments of skills involved in the acquisition, processing, and utilization of knowledge or information. [NIH]

Neuroendocrine: Having to do with the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. Describes certain cells that release hormones into the blood in response to stimulation of the nervous system. [NIH] Neuroleptic: A term coined to refer to the effects on cognition and behaviour of antipsychotic drugs, which produce a state of apathy, lack of initiative, and limited range of emotion and in psychotic patients cause a reduction in confusion and agitation and normalization of psychomotor activity. [EU] Neurologic: Having to do with nerves or the nervous system. [NIH] Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. [NIH] Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury. [NIH]

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Neurotransmitter: Any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell. Among the many substances that have the properties of a neurotransmitter are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, glycine, y-aminobutyrate, glutamic acid, substance P, enkephalins, endorphins, and serotonin. [EU] Neutrons: Electrically neutral elementary particles found in all atomic nuclei except light hydrogen; the mass is equal to that of the proton and electron combined and they are unstable when isolated from the nucleus, undergoing beta decay. Slow, thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons refer to the energy levels with which the neutrons are ejected from heavier nuclei during their decay. [NIH] Niacin: Water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. Required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. Has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. [NIH] Nicotine: Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. [NIH] Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight 14. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells. [NIH] Nonverbal Communication: Transmission of emotions, ideas, and attitudes between individuals in ways other than the spoken language. [NIH] Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic. [NIH] Nuclei: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nucleus: A body of specialized protoplasm found in nearly all cells and containing the chromosomes. [NIH] Nutritive Value: An indication of the contribution of a food to the nutrient content of the diet. This value depends on the quantity of a food which is digested and absorbed and the amounts of the essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins) which it contains. This value can be affected by soil and growing conditions, handling and storage, and processing. [NIH] Obsession: A recurrent, persistent thought, image, or impulse that is unwanted and distressing (ego-dystonic) and comes involuntarily to mind despite attempts to ignore or suppress it. Common obsessions involve thoughts of violence, contamination, and selfdoubt. [EU] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. [NIH] Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio


of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases. [NIH] Opiate: A remedy containing or derived from opium; also any drug that induces sleep. [EU] Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain, fever, abnormalities of hearing, hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. [EU] Otitis Media: Inflammation of the middle ear. [NIH] Outpatient: A patient who is not an inmate of a hospital but receives diagnosis or treatment in a clinic or dispensary connected with the hospital. [NIH] Ovum: A female germ cell extruded from the ovary at ovulation. [NIH] Palliative: 1. Affording relief, but not cure. 2. An alleviating medicine. [EU] Pancreas: A mixed exocrine and endocrine gland situated transversely across the posterior abdominal wall in the epigastric and hypochondriac regions. The endocrine portion is comprised of the Islets of Langerhans, while the exocrine portion is a compound acinar gland that secretes digestive enzymes. [NIH] Panic: A state of extreme acute, intense anxiety and unreasoning fear accompanied by disorganization of personality function. [NIH] Panic Disorder: A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. [NIH] Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties. [NIH] Parkinsonism: A group of neurological disorders characterized by hypokinesia, tremor, and muscular rigidity. [EU] Parturition: The act or process of given birth to a child. [EU] Pathogenesis: The cellular events and reactions that occur in the development of disease. [NIH]

Pathophysiology: Altered functions in an individual or an organ due to disease. [NIH] Patient Education: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs. [NIH]

Pediatrics: A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence. [NIH] Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children. [NIH] Peptide: Any compound consisting of two or more amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Peptides are combined to make proteins. [NIH] Perception: The ability quickly and accurately to recognize similarities and differences among presented objects, whether these be pairs of words, pairs of number series, or multiple sets of these or other symbols such as geometric figures. [NIH]

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Perennial: Lasting through the year of for several years. [EU] Perinatal: Pertaining to or occurring in the period shortly before and after birth; variously defined as beginning with completion of the twentieth to twenty-eighth week of gestation and ending 7 to 28 days after birth. [EU] Personality Inventory: Check list, usually to be filled out by a person about himself, consisting of many statements about personal characteristics which the subject checks. [NIH] Pharmaceutic Aids: Substances which are of little or no therapeutic value, but are necessary in the manufacture, compounding, storage, etc., of pharmaceutical preparations or drug dosage forms. They include solvents, diluting agents, and suspending agents, and emulsifying agents. Also, antioxidants; preservatives, pharmaceutical; dyes (coloring agents); flavoring agents; vehicles; excipients; ointment bases. [NIH] Pharmacokinetic: The mathematical analysis of the time courses of absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs. [NIH] Pharmacologic: Pertaining to pharmacology or to the properties and reactions of drugs. [EU] Phenotypes: An organism as observed, i. e. as judged by its visually perceptible characters resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. [NIH] Phenylalanine: An aromatic amino acid that is essential in the animal diet. It is a precursor of melanin, dopamine, noradrenalin, and thyroxine. [NIH] Phosphorus: A non-metallic element that is found in the blood, muscles, nevers, bones, and teeth, and is a component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; the primary energy source for the body's cells.) [NIH] Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [NIH] Physiologic: Having to do with the functions of the body. When used in the phrase "physiologic age," it refers to an age assigned by general health, as opposed to calendar age. [NIH]

Physiology: The science that deals with the life processes and functions of organismus, their cells, tissues, and organs. [NIH] Pilot study: The initial study examining a new method or treatment. [NIH] Placenta: A highly vascular fetal organ through which the fetus absorbs oxygen and other nutrients and excretes carbon dioxide and other wastes. It begins to form about the eighth day of gestation when the blastocyst adheres to the decidua. [NIH] Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of the kingdom Plantae. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (meristems); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absense of nervous and sensory systems; and an alteration of haploid and diploid generations. [NIH] Plasma: The clear, yellowish, fluid part of the blood that carries the blood cells. The proteins that form blood clots are in plasma. [NIH] Platelets: A type of blood cell that helps prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called thrombocytes. [NIH] Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs. [NIH] Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air or gas in the space between the lung and chest wall, resulting in partial or complete collapse of the lung. [NIH] Polypeptide: A peptide which on hydrolysis yields more than two amino acids; called tripeptides, tetrapeptides, etc. according to the number of amino acids contained. [EU]


Posterior: Situated in back of, or in the back part of, or affecting the back or dorsal surface of the body. In lower animals, it refers to the caudal end of the body. [EU] Post-traumatic: Occurring as a result of or after injury. [EU] Potentiates: A degree of synergism which causes the exposure of the organism to a harmful substance to worsen a disease already contracted. [NIH] Practicability: A non-standard characteristic of an analytical procedure. It is dependent on the scope of the method and is determined by requirements such as sample throughout and costs. [NIH] Practice Guidelines: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for the health care practitioner to assist him in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery. [NIH] Precursor: Something that precedes. In biological processes, a substance from which another, usually more active or mature substance is formed. In clinical medicine, a sign or symptom that heralds another. [EU] Prenatal: Existing or occurring before birth, with reference to the fetus. [EU] Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from incidence, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time. [NIH] Primary Prevention: Prevention of disease or mental disorders in susceptible individuals or populations through promotion of health, including mental health, and specific protection, as in immunization, as distinguished from the prevention of complications or after-effects of existing disease. [NIH] Progesterone: Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. The principal progestational hormone of the body, secreted by the corpus luteum, adrenal cortex, and placenta. Its chief function is to prepare the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum. It acts as an antiovulatory agent when administered on days 5-25 of the menstrual cycle. [NIH] Progression: Increase in the size of a tumor or spread of cancer in the body. [NIH] Progressive: Advancing; going forward; going from bad to worse; increasing in scope or severity. [EU] Prolactin: Pituitary lactogenic hormone. A polypeptide hormone with a molecular weight of about 23,000. It is essential in the induction of lactation in mammals at parturition and is synergistic with estrogen. The hormone also brings about the release of progesterone from lutein cells, which renders the uterine mucosa suited for the embedding of the ovum should fertilization occur. [NIH] Prophylaxis: An attempt to prevent disease. [NIH] Prospective study: An epidemiologic study in which a group of individuals (a cohort), all free of a particular disease and varying in their exposure to a possible risk factor, is followed over a specific amount of time to determine the incidence rates of the disease in the exposed and unexposed groups. [NIH] Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation. [NIH] Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated protein C. Together with protein

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C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis. [NIH] Proteins: Polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The specific sequence of amino acids determines the shape and function of the protein. [NIH] Protons: Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion. [NIH] Psychiatric: Pertaining to or within the purview of psychiatry. [EU] Psychiatry: The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. [NIH] Psychic: Pertaining to the psyche or to the mind; mental. [EU] Psychology: The science dealing with the study of mental processes and behavior in man and animals. [NIH] Psychometric testing: Psychological and mental testing and quantitative analysis of an individual's psychological traits or attitudes or mental processes. [NIH] Psychomotor: Pertaining to motor effects of cerebral or psychic activity. [EU] Psychopathology: The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness. [NIH] Psychosis: A mental disorder characterized by gross impairment in reality testing as evidenced by delusions, hallucinations, markedly incoherent speech, or disorganized and agitated behaviour without apparent awareness on the part of the patient of the incomprehensibility of his behaviour; the term is also used in a more general sense to refer to mental disorders in which mental functioning is sufficiently impaired as to interfere grossly with the patient's capacity to meet the ordinary demands of life. Historically, the term has been applied to many conditions, e.g. manic-depressive psychosis, that were first described in psychotic patients, although many patients with the disorder are not judged psychotic. [EU] Psychotherapy: A generic term for the treatment of mental illness or emotional disturbances primarily by verbal or nonverbal communication. [NIH] Psychotomimetic: Psychosis miming. [NIH] Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions. [NIH] Race: A population within a species which exhibits general similarities within itself, but is both discontinuous and distinct from other populations of that species, though not sufficiently so as to achieve the status of a taxon. [NIH] Radiation: Emission or propagation of electromagnetic energy (waves/rays), or the waves/rays themselves; a stream of electromagnetic particles (electrons, neutrons, protons, alpha particles) or a mixture of these. The most common source is the sun. [NIH] Radio Waves: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum beyond the microwaves, with wavelengths as high as 30 KM. They are used in communications, including television. Short Wave or HF (high frequency), UHF (ultrahigh frequency) and VHF (very high frequency) waves are used in citizen's band communication. [NIH] Radioactive: Giving off radiation. [NIH] Randomized: Describes an experiment or clinical trial in which animal or human subjects are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments. [NIH] Reaction Time: The time from the onset of a stimulus until the organism responds. [NIH]


Reality Testing: The individual's objective evaluation of the external world and the ability to differentiate adequately between it and the internal world; considered to be a primary ego function. [NIH] Receptor: A molecule inside or on the surface of a cell that binds to a specific substance and causes a specific physiologic effect in the cell. [NIH] Rectum: The last 8 to 10 inches of the large intestine. [NIH] Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission. [NIH] Refer: To send or direct for treatment, aid, information, de decision. [NIH] Refraction: A test to determine the best eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct a refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism). [NIH] Regimen: A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. [NIH] Reliability: Used technically, in a statistical sense, of consistency of a test with itself, i. e. the extent to which we can assume that it will yield the same result if repeated a second time. [NIH]

Remission: A decrease in or disappearance of signs and symptoms of cancer. In partial remission, some, but not all, signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared. In complete remission, all signs and symptoms of cancer have disappeared, although there still may be cancer in the body. [NIH] Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly. [NIH] Rigidity: Stiffness or inflexibility, chiefly that which is abnormal or morbid; rigor. [EU] Risk factor: A habit, trait, condition, or genetic alteration that increases a person's chance of developing a disease. [NIH] Ritalin: Drug used to treat hyperactive children. [NIH] Saliva: The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains mucins, water, organic salts, and ptylin. [NIH] Salivary: The duct that convey saliva to the mouth. [NIH] Salivary glands: Glands in the mouth that produce saliva. [NIH] Scans: Pictures of structures inside the body. Scans often used in diagnosing, staging, and monitoring disease include liver scans, bone scans, and computed tomography (CT) or computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. In liver scanning and bone scanning, radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream collect in these organs. A scanner that detects the radiation is used to create pictures. In CT scanning, an x-ray machine linked to a computer is used to produce detailed pictures of organs inside the body. MRI scans use a large magnet connected to a computer to create pictures of areas inside the body. [NIH] Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, hallucinations, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. [NIH] Screening: Checking for disease when there are no symptoms. [NIH] Secretion: 1. The process of elaborating a specific product as a result of the activity of a gland; this activity may range from separating a specific substance of the blood to the elaboration of a new chemical substance. 2. Any substance produced by secretion. [EU] Semisynthetic: Produced by chemical manipulation of naturally occurring substances. [EU]

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Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. [NIH] Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one sex from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the ovaries and testes and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction. [NIH] Side effect: A consequence other than the one(s) for which an agent or measure is used, as the adverse effects produced by a drug, especially on a tissue or organ system other than the one sought to be benefited by its administration. [EU] Small intestine: The part of the digestive tract that is located between the stomach and the large intestine. [NIH] Smoking Cessation: Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke. [NIH] Smooth muscle: Muscle that performs automatic tasks, such as constricting blood vessels. [NIH]

Social Behavior: Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species. [NIH] Social Work: The use of community resources, individual case work, or group work to promote the adaptive capacities of individuals in relation to their social and economic environments. It includes social service agencies. [NIH] Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure. [NIH] Somatic: 1. Pertaining to or characteristic of the soma or body. 2. Pertaining to the body wall in contrast to the viscera. [EU] Specialist: In medicine, one who concentrates on 1 special branch of medical science. [NIH] Species: A taxonomic category subordinate to a genus (or subgenus) and superior to a subspecies or variety, composed of individuals possessing common characters distinguishing them from other categories of individuals of the same taxonomic level. In taxonomic nomenclature, species are designated by the genus name followed by a Latin or Latinized adjective or noun. [EU] Specificity: Degree of selectivity shown by an antibody with respect to the number and types of antigens with which the antibody combines, as well as with respect to the rates and the extents of these reactions. [NIH] Spectrum: A charted band of wavelengths of electromagnetic vibrations obtained by refraction and diffraction. By extension, a measurable range of activity, such as the range of bacteria affected by an antibiotic (antibacterial s.) or the complete range of manifestations of a disease. [EU] Speech Disorders: Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language. [NIH] Sperm: The fecundating fluid of the male. [NIH] Spinal cord: The main trunk or bundle of nerves running down the spine through holes in the spinal bone (the vertebrae) from the brain to the level of the lower back. [NIH]


Spontaneous Abortion: The non-induced birth of an embryo or of fetus prior to the stage of viability at about 20 weeks of gestation. [NIH] Staging: Performing exams and tests to learn the extent of the cancer within the body, especially whether the disease has spread from the original site to other parts of the body. [NIH]

Stapes: One of the three ossicles of the middle ear. It transmits sound vibrations from the incus to the internal ear. [NIH] Steroid: A group name for lipids that contain a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system. Some of the substances included in this group are progesterone, adrenocortical hormones, the gonadal hormones, cardiac aglycones, bile acids, sterols (such as cholesterol), toad poisons, saponins, and some of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. [EU] Stimulant: 1. Producing stimulation; especially producing stimulation by causing tension on muscle fibre through the nervous tissue. 2. An agent or remedy that produces stimulation. [EU] Stimulus: That which can elicit or evoke action (response) in a muscle, nerve, gland or other excitable issue, or cause an augmenting action upon any function or metabolic process. [NIH]

Stomach: An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum. [NIH] Stool: The waste matter discharged in a bowel movement; feces. [NIH] Stress: Forcibly exerted influence; pressure. Any condition or situation that causes strain or tension. Stress may be either physical or psychologic, or both. [NIH] Stroke: Sudden loss of function of part of the brain because of loss of blood flow. Stroke may be caused by a clot (thrombosis) or rupture (hemorrhage) of a blood vessel to the brain. [NIH]

Subacute: Somewhat acute; between acute and chronic. [EU] Subclinical: Without clinical manifestations; said of the early stage(s) of an infection or other disease or abnormality before symptoms and signs become apparent or detectable by clinical examination or laboratory tests, or of a very mild form of an infection or other disease or abnormality. [EU] Substance P: An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of pain, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses. [NIH]

Substance-Related Disorders: Disorders related to substance abuse, the side effects of a medication, toxin exposure, and alcohol-related disorders. [NIH] Supplementation: Adding nutrients to the diet. [NIH] Support group: A group of people with similar disease who meet to discuss how better to cope with their cancer and treatment. [NIH] Sympathetic Nervous System: The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system. [NIH] Sympathomimetic:

1. Mimicking the effects of impulses conveyed by adrenergic

Dictionary 193

postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. 2. An agent that produces effects similar to those of impulses conveyed by adrenergic postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system. Called also adrenergic. [EU] Symptomatic: Having to do with symptoms, which are signs of a condition or disease. [NIH] Symptomatology: 1. That branch of medicine with treats of symptoms; the systematic discussion of symptoms. 2. The combined symptoms of a disease. [EU] Synapse: The region where the processes of two neurons come into close contiguity, and the nervous impulse passes from one to the other; the fibers of the two are intermeshed, but, according to the general view, there is no direct contiguity. [NIH] Synaptic: Pertaining to or affecting a synapse (= site of functional apposition between neurons, at which an impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another by electrical or chemical means); pertaining to synapsis (= pairing off in point-for-point association of homologous chromosomes from the male and female pronuclei during the early prophase of meiosis). [EU] Synaptic Transmission: The communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors. These activated receptors modulate ion channels and/or secondmessenger systems to influence the postsynaptic cell. Electrical transmission is less common in the nervous system, and, as in other tissues, is mediated by gap junctions. [NIH] Synergistic: Acting together; enhancing the effect of another force or agent. [EU] Systemic: Affecting the entire body. [NIH] Systolic: Indicating the maximum arterial pressure during contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. [EU] Tachypnea: Rapid breathing. [NIH] Therapeutics: The branch of medicine which is concerned with the treatment of diseases, palliative or curative. [NIH] Threshold: For a specified sensory modality (e. g. light, sound, vibration), the lowest level (absolute threshold) or smallest difference (difference threshold, difference limen) or intensity of the stimulus discernible in prescribed conditions of stimulation. [NIH] Thrombin: An enzyme formed from prothrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.4.21.5. [NIH] Thrombocytes: Blood cells that help prevent bleeding by causing blood clots to form. Also called platelets. [NIH] Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation. [NIH]

Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. [NIH] Thyroid: A gland located near the windpipe (trachea) that produces thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth and metabolism. [NIH] Thyroxine: An amino acid of the thyroid gland which exerts a stimulating effect on thyroid metabolism. [NIH] Tinnitus: Sounds that are perceived in the absence of any external noise source which may take the form of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, and other noises. Objective tinnitus refers to noises generated from within the ear or adjacent structures that can be heard by other individuals. The term subjective tinnitus is used when the sound is audible only to the


affected individual. Tinnitus may occur as a manifestation of cochlear diseases; vestibulocochlear nerve diseases; intracranial hypertension; craniocerebral trauma; and other conditions. [NIH] Tissue: A group or layer of cells that are alike in type and work together to perform a specific function. [NIH] Tomography: Imaging methods that result in sharp images of objects located on a chosen plane and blurred images located above or below the plane. [NIH] Tone: 1. The normal degree of vigour and tension; in muscle, the resistance to passive elongation or stretch; tonus. 2. A particular quality of sound or of voice. 3. To make permanent, or to change, the colour of silver stain by chemical treatment, usually with a heavy metal. [EU] Tonic: 1. Producing and restoring the normal tone. 2. Characterized by continuous tension. 3. A term formerly used for a class of medicinal preparations believed to have the power of restoring normal tone to tissue. [EU] Topical: On the surface of the body. [NIH] Toxic: Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects. [NIH] Toxicity: The quality of being poisonous, especially the degree of virulence of a toxic microbe or of a poison. [EU] Toxicology: The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and pharmacologic action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations. [NIH] Toxin: A poison; frequently used to refer specifically to a protein produced by some higher plants, certain animals, and pathogenic bacteria, which is highly toxic for other living organisms. Such substances are differentiated from the simple chemical poisons and the vegetable alkaloids by their high molecular weight and antigenicity. [EU] Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA into cells, usually eukaryotic. It is analogous to bacterial transformation. [NIH] Translation: The process whereby the genetic information present in the linear sequence of ribonucleotides in mRNA is converted into a corresponding sequence of amino acids in a protein. It occurs on the ribosome and is unidirectional. [NIH] Transmitter: A chemical substance which effects the passage of nerve impulses from one cell to the other at the synapse. [NIH] Trauma: Any injury, wound, or shock, must frequently physical or structural shock, producing a disturbance. [NIH] Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, practicability, etc., of these interventions in individual cases or series. [NIH]

Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches. [NIH] Tremor: Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of cerebellar diseases, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of Parkinson disease. [NIH]

Dictionary 195

Tricyclic: Containing three fused rings or closed chains in the molecular structure. [EU] Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor serotonin and niacin. [NIH] Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of Mycobacterium. [NIH] Tyramine: An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems. [NIH] Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from phenylalanine. It is also the precursor of epinephrine, thyroid hormones, and melanin. [NIH] Umbilical Arteries: Either of a pair of arteries originating from the internal iliac artery and passing through the umbilical cord to carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Umbilical Cord: The flexible structure, giving passage to the umbilical arteries and vein, which connects the embryo or fetus to the placenta. [NIH] Unconscious: Experience which was once conscious, but was subsequently rejected, as the "personal unconscious". [NIH] Urethra: The tube through which urine leaves the body. It empties urine from the bladder. [NIH]

Urinary: Having to do with urine or the organs of the body that produce and get rid of urine. [NIH] Urine: Fluid containing water and waste products. Urine is made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. [NIH] Uterus: The small, hollow, pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis. This is the organ in which a fetus develops. Also called the womb. [NIH] Vaccines: Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or rickettsiae), antigenic proteins derived from them, or synthetic constructs, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases. [NIH]

Vascular: Pertaining to blood vessels or indicative of a copious blood supply. [EU] Vasodilator: An agent that widens blood vessels. [NIH] Vein: Vessel-carrying blood from various parts of the body to the heart. [NIH] Venlafaxine: An antidepressant drug that is being evaluated for the treatment of hot flashes in women who have breast cancer. [NIH] Venules: The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins. [NIH] Vertebrae: A bony unit of the segmented spinal column. [NIH] Vertigo: An illusion of movement; a sensation as if the external world were revolving around the patient (objective vertigo) or as if he himself were revolving in space (subjective vertigo). The term is sometimes erroneously used to mean any form of dizziness. [EU] Vestibular: Pertaining to or toward a vestibule. In dental anatomy, used to refer to the tooth surface directed toward the vestibule of the mouth. [EU] Vestibule: A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear. [NIH]


Vestibulocochlear Nerve: The 8th cranial nerve. The vestibulocochlear nerve has a cochlear part (cochlear nerve) which is concerned with hearing and a vestibular part (vestibular nerve) which mediates the sense of balance and head position. The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from neurons of the spiral ganglion and project to the cochlear nuclei (cochlear nucleus). The fibers of the vestibular nerve arise from neurons of Scarpa's ganglion and project to the vestibular nuclei. [NIH] Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the vestibular and/or cochlear (acoustic) nerves, which join to form the vestibulocochlear nerve. Vestibular neuritis, cochlear neuritis, and acoustic neuromas are relatively common conditions that affect these nerves. Clinical manifestations vary with which nerve is primarily affected, and include hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. [NIH] Virus: Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells. [NIH] Volition: Voluntary activity without external compulsion. [NIH] Weight Gain: Increase in body weight over existing weight. [NIH] Xenograft: The cells of one species transplanted to another species. [NIH] X-ray: High-energy radiation used in low doses to diagnose diseases and in high doses to treat cancer. [NIH] Zymogen: Inactive form of an enzyme which can then be converted to the active form, usually by excision of a polypeptide, e. g. trypsinogen is the zymogen of trypsin. [NIH]

197

INDEX A Accommodation, 169, 180 Achievement, 85, 98, 169, 180 Acoustic, 80, 169, 205 Activities of Daily Living, 169, 180 Adenosine, 169, 175, 195 Adjustment, 6, 59, 169 Adolescence, 7, 19, 57, 97, 123, 124, 169, 194 Adolescent Behavior, 7, 169 Adrenal Cortex, 169, 179, 196 Adrenal Medulla, 169, 175, 182, 193 Adrenaline, 11, 169 Adrenergic, 169, 172, 181, 182, 201, 204 Adverse Effect, 169, 199 Affinity, 169, 170, 173, 180 Age of Onset, 17, 94, 170 Agonist, 170, 174, 181, 191, 192 Agoraphobia, 170, 186, 194 Airway, 170, 189 Airway Obstruction, 170, 189 Alcohol-Related Disorders, 170, 201 Alertness, 170, 175 Alexia, 170, 181 Algorithms, 8, 41, 170, 174 Alkaline, 170, 175 Alkaloid, 170, 174, 177, 192 Alpha Particles, 170, 198 Alternative medicine, 77, 81, 130, 170 Ambulatory Care, 170 Amenorrhea, 170, 174 Amino Acid Sequence, 171, 173 Amnion, 171, 176 Amniotic Fluid, 171, 184, 189 Amphetamine, 24, 52, 70, 171, 180 Anal, 62, 171 Analog, 10, 41, 171 Anatomical, 92, 171, 176, 186, 190 Animal model, 31, 79, 171 Antagonism, 171, 175 Antibacterial, 171, 200 Antibiotic, 171, 200 Antibody, 170, 171, 172, 187, 200 Anticoagulant, 171, 197 Antidepressant, 70, 172, 175, 186, 205 Antigen, 169, 171, 172, 187, 190 Antihypertensive, 172, 185, 194 Anti-infective, 172, 183

Anti-Infective Agents, 172, 183 Antioxidants, 172, 183, 195 Antipsychotic, 172, 192 Anus, 171, 172, 174, 177, 187 Anxiety Disorders, 43, 131, 172, 194 Apathy, 172, 192 Aphasia, 122, 172 Aromatic, 172, 195 Arteries, 172, 173, 174, 179, 190, 204 Arterioles, 173, 174 Artery, 132, 173, 179, 180, 204 Astrocytes, 173, 190, 191 Atopic, 32, 173 Atypical, 94, 173 Auditory, 11, 12, 29, 30, 61, 68, 85, 86, 123, 124, 173, 185 Autonomic, 10, 172, 173, 193, 201 B Bacteria, 171, 172, 173, 190, 200, 203, 204 Basal Ganglia, 172, 173, 176, 186 Basal Ganglia Diseases, 173, 176, 186 Base, 173, 182, 187 Beta-Endorphin, 39, 173 Bile, 173, 183, 184, 188, 189, 201 Bile Pigments, 173, 189 Biochemical, 11, 174, 184, 199 Biotechnology, 9, 130, 137, 174 Bipolar Disorder, 31, 94, 144, 174 Bladder, 174, 204 Blastocyst, 174, 195 Blood Coagulation, 174, 175, 202 Blood vessel, 150, 174, 175, 176, 188, 200, 201, 202, 205 Bone scan, 174, 199 Bowel, 171, 174, 180, 201 Bowel Movement, 174, 180, 201 Brain Injuries, 124, 174 Brain Stem, 174, 176 Branch, 165, 174, 200, 202 Bromocriptine, 68, 174 Bupropion, 10, 29, 175 C Caffeine, 60, 72, 168, 175 Calcium, 75, 95, 175, 186 Capsules, 94, 175 Carbohydrate, 95, 175, 193 Carbon Dioxide, 175, 195 Cardiac, 175, 182, 191, 201


Cardiorespiratory, 132, 175 Cardiovascular, 18, 19, 29, 171, 175, 199 Catecholamine, 29, 30, 175, 181 Causal, 87, 110, 175 Cell, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 181, 182, 186, 187, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 198, 202, 203 Central Nervous System, 99, 171, 175, 177, 180, 184, 185, 188, 190, 192, 194, 199 Cerebellar, 65, 175, 204 Cerebellum, 174, 175, 176, 184 Cerebral, 44, 86, 110, 173, 174, 176, 182, 183, 184, 188, 197 Cerebral hemispheres, 173, 174, 176 Cerebral Palsy, 110, 176 Cerebrum, 176 Chin, 176, 189 Cholinergic, 172, 176, 192 Chorea, 92, 172, 176 Choreatic Disorders, 176 Chorioamnionitis, 132, 176 Chorion, 176 Chromosome, 30, 94, 176, 188 Chronic, 21, 38, 39, 58, 69, 110, 111, 123, 174, 176, 187, 201 Clinical Medicine, 176, 196 Clinical trial, 6, 91, 100, 137, 177, 178, 181, 198 Cloning, 174, 177 Coca, 177 Cocaine, 31, 45, 49, 69, 99, 177 Codons, 177 Cognition, 6, 10, 61, 77, 177, 187, 192 Cognitive Therapy, 48, 177 Collagen, 171, 177 Colon, 16, 57, 177, 188 Communication Disorders, 101, 122, 124, 136, 177 Comorbidity, 33, 58, 85, 98, 177 Complementary medicine, 77, 178 Compulsions, 149, 178, 193 Computational Biology, 137, 178 Computed tomography, 178, 199 Computerized axial tomography, 178, 199 Confusion, 178, 192 Connective Tissue, 30, 177, 178, 184 Connective Tissue Cells, 178 Constipation, 172, 178, 185 Consumption, 72, 178, 180 Continuum, 99, 178 Contraindications, ii, 178 Controlled study, 10, 58, 77, 78, 97, 178 Coordination, 4, 22, 176, 179

Coronary, 179, 190 Coronary Thrombosis, 179, 190 Corpus, 96, 179, 188, 196 Corpus Callosum, 96, 179 Cortex, 96, 179, 182, 183 Cortisol, 39, 179 Criterion, 8, 179 Curative, 179, 192, 202 Cyanosis, 179, 189 Cyclic, 175, 179 D Databases, Bibliographic, 137, 179 Deamination, 179, 191 Decidua, 179, 195 Deletion, 30, 179 Delusion, 179, 199 Dental Care, 5, 110, 179 Dental Hygienists, 5, 179 Depressive Disorder, 15, 60, 180, 188 Desipramine, 9, 29, 35, 180 Developed Countries, 180, 183 Dextroamphetamine, 171, 180, 190 Diagnostic procedure, 103, 130, 180 Diastolic, 180, 185 Diastolic blood pressure, 180, 185 Diffuse Axonal Injury, 174, 180 Digestive system, 101, 180 Direct, iii, 99, 176, 177, 180, 181, 198, 202 Disabled Children, 27, 63, 180 Diuresis, 175, 180 Dominance, 180, 188 Dopa, 180, 188 Dopamine, 8, 23, 52, 56, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 180, 181, 188, 191, 192, 195 Double-blind, 8, 10, 14, 31, 38, 48, 50, 78, 181 Drug Interactions, 160, 181 Duct, 181, 199 Dyslexia, 29, 38, 42, 65, 92, 118, 181, 188 Dysphoric, 180, 181 E Eating Disorders, 151, 181 Efficacy, 10, 12, 41, 97, 181, 204 Electrons, 173, 181, 198 Embryo, 171, 174, 181, 186, 200, 204 Embryology, 181, 183 Empirical, 32, 41, 181 Endocrine System, 181, 192 Endogenous, 173, 181 Enkephalin, 173, 181 Environmental Health, 91, 136, 138, 147, 182

Index 199

Enzymatic, 171, 175, 182 Enzyme, 182, 191, 202, 205 Epinephrine, 169, 181, 182, 192, 193, 204 Ergot, 174, 182 Esophagus, 180, 182, 201 Estrogen, 182, 196 Evoke, 182, 201 Excipients, 182, 183, 195 Extracellular, 173, 178, 182 Extracellular Matrix, 178, 182 F Facial, 150, 182, 185 Facial Nerve, 182, 185 Facial Nerve Diseases, 182, 185 Failure to Thrive, 30, 182 Family Planning, 137, 182 Fatigue, 182, 194 Fats, 173, 183 Fatty acids, 78, 95, 183, 189 Fence, 66, 183 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, 124, 183 Fetal Blood, 176, 183 Fetal Heart, 132, 183 Fetus, 132, 176, 183, 189, 195, 196, 200, 204 Fissure, 179, 183 Flavoring Agents, 183, 195 Fluorescence, 6, 91, 183 Follow-Up Studies, 8, 183 Food Additives, 110, 183 Food Coloring Agents, 183 Food Preservatives, 183 Fourth Ventricle, 184, 188 Frontal Lobe, 42, 184, 191 G Gallbladder, 180, 184 Ganglia, 173, 184, 192, 201 Gastrin, 184, 185 Gene, 174, 180, 184, 187 Genetic Techniques, 94, 184 Genetics, 30, 53, 92, 180, 184 Genotype, 184, 195 Gestation, 184, 194, 195, 200 Gestational, 184, 189 Gestational Age, 184, 189 Gifted, 89, 184 Gland, 54, 169, 184, 194, 199, 201, 202, 203 Glucose, 29, 184 Glycine, 170, 184, 192 Governing Board, 184, 196 Grade, 132, 185 Growth, 39, 45, 57, 110, 132, 145, 169, 171, 182, 183, 185, 190, 195, 202, 204

Guanfacine, 97, 185 H Handicap, 183, 185 Head Movements, 95, 185 Headache, 175, 185 Hearing Disorders, 177, 185 Hemorrhage, 132, 185, 201 Heredity, 110, 184, 185 Homogeneous, 178, 185 Hormone, 39, 45, 57, 169, 173, 179, 182, 184, 185, 196, 202 Hydrogen, 173, 175, 185, 190, 192, 197 Hydroxyproline, 171, 177, 185 Hyperacusis, 150, 182, 185 Hypercalcemia, 150, 186 Hyperkinesis, 10, 18, 31, 41, 50, 65, 79, 186 Hyperplasia, 92, 186 Hypertrophy, 186 Hypokinesia, 186, 194 Hypothalamic, 18, 186 Hypothalamus, 182, 186 I Id, 74, 80, 144, 151, 164, 166, 186 Imipramine, 14, 47, 68, 70, 186 Immune response, 172, 186, 201, 205 Immunization, 186, 196 Impairment, 7, 51, 92, 99, 125, 186, 190, 197 Impulsive Behavior, 7, 112, 186 Incision, 186, 187 Indicative, 111, 186, 205 Induction, 172, 186, 196 Infancy, 115, 132, 150, 187 Infection, 92, 98, 99, 172, 187, 189, 201 Infertility, 174, 187 Inflammation, 176, 187, 193, 195 Ingestion, 29, 187 Inotropic, 181, 187 Interstitial, 30, 187 Intestinal, 187, 189 Intestines, 187, 189 Intracellular, 175, 184, 187 Introns, 187 Invasive, 96, 187, 189 Involuntary, 96, 149, 173, 176, 185, 187, 191 K Kb, 136, 187 L Lactation, 187, 196 Language Development, 4, 85, 110, 187


Language Disorders, 122, 123, 124, 177, 187 Large Intestine, 180, 187, 198, 200 Latency, 61, 188 Latent, 44, 188 Laterality, 66, 88, 188 Learning Disorders, 131, 144, 188 Leucine, 173, 188 Levodopa, 39, 181, 188 Library Services, 164, 188 Linkage, 8, 188 Lithium, 54, 172, 188 Liver, 173, 180, 184, 188, 191, 199 Liver scan, 188, 199 Lobe, 44, 188 Localized, 174, 187, 188, 191, 195 Locus Coeruleus, 11, 188 Lutein Cells, 188, 196 Lymphatic, 187, 189 M Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 92, 94, 189, 199 Mania, 71, 189 Manic, 172, 174, 188, 189, 197 Manic-depressive psychosis, 189, 197 Marital Status, 55, 189 Meconium, 132, 189 Meconium Aspiration, 132, 189 Mediate, 181, 189 Medical Records, 4, 189 MEDLINE, 138, 189 Melanin, 188, 189, 195, 204 Membranes, 179, 189, 191 Memory, 36, 61, 64, 84, 86, 123, 124, 125, 189 Meninges, 175, 189 Mental deficiency, 183, 189 Mental Disorders, 101, 176, 186, 190, 196, 197 Mental Retardation, 4, 5, 94, 111, 122, 149, 150, 177, 190 Mesencephalic, 188, 190 Methionine, 173, 190 MI, 24, 30, 168, 190 Microbiology, 173, 190 Microglia, 173, 190, 191 Microwaves, 190, 198 Mobility, 125, 149, 190 Modification, 171, 190 Molecular, 8, 94, 137, 139, 174, 178, 190, 196, 203, 204 Molecule, 172, 173, 179, 190, 198

Monoamine, 56, 171, 180, 191, 194, 204 Monoamine Oxidase, 56, 171, 180, 191, 194, 204 Mood Disorders, 95, 131, 191 Morphogenesis, 183, 191 Morphology, 29, 191 Motor Activity, 96, 191 Motor Cortex, 96, 191 Mucilaginous, 189, 191 Mucosa, 191, 196 Myocardium, 190, 191 N Naloxone, 173, 191 Narcolepsy, 180, 190, 191 NCI, 1, 98, 100, 135, 191 Necrosis, 190, 191 Need, 3, 5, 109, 122, 124, 125, 131, 149, 158, 191 Nerve, 78, 169, 176, 182, 188, 191, 192, 201, 203, 205 Nervous System, 96, 99, 110, 168, 171, 175, 191, 192, 201, 202, 204 Neural, 51, 180, 190, 191, 192 Neurobehavioral Manifestations, 174, 180, 192 Neuroendocrine, 52, 58, 192 Neuroleptic, 32, 172, 192 Neurologic, 92, 94, 174, 192 Neurons, 177, 184, 188, 192, 201, 202, 205 Neuropsychological Tests, 92, 192 Neurotransmitter, 169, 171, 181, 184, 192, 193, 201, 202, 204 Neutrons, 170, 192, 198 Niacin, 192, 204 Nicotine, 20, 132, 192 Nitrogen, 170, 193, 204 Nonverbal Communication, 177, 193, 197 Norepinephrine, 52, 169, 180, 181, 192, 193 Nuclei, 170, 181, 182, 187, 189, 192, 193, 197, 205 Nucleus, 173, 179, 188, 192, 193, 197, 205 Nutritive Value, 183, 193 O Obsession, 178, 193 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, 15, 119, 193 Odds Ratio, 91, 193 Opiate, 173, 181, 191, 193 Otitis, 4, 53, 86, 123, 193 Otitis Media, 4, 86, 123, 193 Outpatient, 193 Ovum, 179, 184, 194, 196, 197

Index 201

P Palliative, 194, 202 Pancreas, 180, 194 Panic, 186, 194 Panic Disorder, 186, 194 Pargyline, 15, 194 Parkinsonism, 51, 172, 188, 194 Parturition, 194, 196 Pathogenesis, 4, 194 Pathophysiology, 123, 194 Patient Education, 148, 162, 164, 168, 194 Pemoline, 12, 38, 39, 54, 55, 69, 194 Peptide, 28, 170, 173, 194, 196, 197 Perception, 4, 87, 89, 113, 185, 194 Perennial, 194, 204 Perinatal, 4, 86, 123, 194 Personality Inventory, 71, 195 Pharmaceutic Aids, 183, 195 Pharmacokinetic, 58, 195 Pharmacologic, 195, 203 Phenotypes, 8, 195 Phenylalanine, 69, 81, 195, 204 Phosphorus, 175, 195 Physical Examination, 94, 184, 195 Physiologic, 170, 181, 186, 195, 198, 204 Physiology, 80, 92, 123, 195 Pilot study, 56, 97, 195 Placenta, 132, 183, 195, 196, 204 Plants, 170, 175, 177, 184, 191, 193, 195, 203, 204 Plasma, 56, 195 Platelets, 47, 195, 199, 202 Pneumonia, 178, 195 Pneumothorax, 189, 195 Polypeptide, 171, 177, 196, 205 Posterior, 171, 176, 194, 196 Post-traumatic, 174, 196 Potentiates, 180, 196 Practicability, 196, 204 Practice Guidelines, 138, 196 Precursor, 30, 181, 182, 188, 193, 195, 196, 204 Prenatal, 4, 123, 181, 183, 196 Prevalence, 4, 5, 26, 48, 53, 57, 67, 124, 193, 196 Primary Prevention, 4, 196 Progesterone, 196, 201 Progression, 171, 196 Progressive, 95, 185, 191, 196 Prolactin, 39, 45, 57, 174, 196 Prophylaxis, 179, 197 Prospective study, 12, 197

Protein C, 95, 171, 197 Protein S, 174, 197 Proteins, 170, 171, 172, 177, 190, 193, 194, 195, 197, 204 Protons, 170, 185, 197, 198 Psychiatric, 6, 8, 11, 48, 57, 58, 61, 66, 85, 92, 94, 99, 130, 177, 190, 197 Psychic, 189, 197 Psychometric testing, 94, 197 Psychomotor, 192, 197 Psychopathology, 30, 197 Psychosis, 21, 59, 94, 172, 184, 197 Psychotherapy, 16, 59, 66, 177, 197 Psychotomimetic, 171, 180, 197 Public Policy, 137, 198 R Race, 6, 180, 198 Radiation, 92, 183, 198, 199, 205 Radio Waves, 94, 190, 198 Radioactive, 174, 185, 188, 198, 199 Randomized, 78, 181, 198 Reaction Time, 6, 22, 99, 198 Reality Testing, 197, 198 Receptor, 57, 172, 181, 198, 199 Rectum, 172, 174, 177, 180, 188, 198 Recurrence, 174, 189, 198 Refer, 1, 184, 192, 197, 198, 203, 205 Refraction, 198, 200 Regimen, 181, 198 Reliability, 7, 198 Remission, 174, 189, 198 Research Design, 16, 198 Rigidity, 194, 195, 199 Risk factor, 4, 8, 43, 197, 199 Ritalin, 67, 88, 97, 98, 116, 117, 128, 148, 199 S Saliva, 199 Salivary, 54, 180, 182, 199 Salivary glands, 180, 182, 199 Scans, 92, 94, 199 Schizophrenia, 21, 28, 51, 60, 63, 92, 94, 123, 199 Screening, 93, 177, 199 Secretion, 54, 57, 174, 187, 190, 199 Semisynthetic, 174, 199 Serotonin, 172, 180, 191, 192, 199, 204 Sex Characteristics, 169, 199 Side effect, 93, 94, 159, 169, 172, 199, 201, 203 Small intestine, 185, 187, 200 Smoking Cessation, 95, 175, 200


Smooth muscle, 175, 178, 200, 201 Social Behavior, 48, 64, 200 Social Work, 110, 200 Socioeconomic Factors, 6, 200 Somatic, 169, 200 Specialist, 9, 157, 200 Species, 182, 198, 200, 204, 205 Specificity, 68, 170, 200 Spectrum, 3, 149, 190, 198, 200 Speech Disorders, 43, 200 Sperm, 176, 200 Spinal cord, 149, 173, 174, 175, 189, 192, 200, 201 Spontaneous Abortion, 132, 200 Staging, 199, 200 Stapes, 185, 200 Steroid, 179, 200 Stimulant, 28, 31, 32, 38, 52, 53, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 84, 86, 97, 171, 175, 180, 190, 194, 201 Stimulus, 49, 186, 188, 198, 201, 202 Stomach, 180, 182, 184, 185, 187, 200, 201 Stool, 177, 188, 201 Stress, 5, 30, 89, 175, 179, 201 Stroke, 93, 96, 101, 136, 145, 149, 150, 201 Subacute, 187, 201 Subclinical, 187, 201 Substance P, 199, 201 Substance-Related Disorders, 97, 98, 201 Supplementation, 14, 78, 79, 201 Support group, 5, 201 Sympathetic Nervous System, 201 Sympathomimetic, 68, 171, 180, 181, 182, 193, 201, 204 Symptomatic, 99, 202 Symptomatology, 7, 85, 89, 202 Synapse, 169, 180, 202, 203 Synaptic, 192, 202 Synaptic Transmission, 192, 202 Synergistic, 196, 202 Systemic, 182, 187, 202 Systolic, 185, 202 T Tachypnea, 189, 202 Therapeutics, 160, 191, 202 Threshold, 183, 202 Thrombin, 197, 202 Thrombocytes, 195, 202 Thrombomodulin, 197, 202 Thrombosis, 197, 201, 202 Thyroid, 202, 203, 204 Thyroxine, 195, 203

Tinnitus, 193, 203, 205 Tissue, 172, 178, 183, 186, 187, 189, 191, 192, 199, 201, 203 Tomography, 78, 178, 203 Tone, 185, 203 Tonic, 11, 203 Topical, 203 Toxic, iv, 132, 192, 203 Toxicity, 181, 203 Toxicology, 138, 203 Toxin, 201, 203 Transfection, 174, 203 Translation, 170, 203 Transmitter, 173, 181, 193, 203, 204 Trauma, 173, 174, 185, 191, 203 Treatment Outcome, 6, 98, 203 Trees, 36, 204 Tremor, 190, 194, 204 Tricyclic, 70, 180, 186, 204 Tryptophan, 56, 177, 199, 204 Tuberculosis, 178, 204 Tyramine, 191, 204 Tyrosine, 15, 38, 81, 181, 204 U Umbilical Arteries, 204 Umbilical Cord, 132, 176, 204 Unconscious, 186, 204 Urethra, 204 Urinary, 28, 54, 70, 204 Urine, 21, 174, 180, 204 Uterus, 179, 196, 204 V Vaccines, 204, 205 Vascular, 185, 187, 195, 205 Vasodilator, 181, 205 Vein, 204, 205 Venlafaxine, 53, 205 Venules, 174, 205 Vertebrae, 200, 205 Vertigo, 193, 205 Vestibular, 65, 89, 205 Vestibule, 205 Vestibulocochlear Nerve, 185, 203, 205 Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases, 185, 203, 205 Virus, 99, 205 Volition, 187, 205 W Weight Gain, 150, 182, 205 X Xenograft, 171, 205 X-ray, 6, 92, 178, 183, 199, 205

Index 203

Z

Zymogen, 197, 205


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