2006 International Fire Code

A Member of the International Code Familyn > & '- INTERNATIONA CODE INTERNATIONAL cou?JcIr 2006 International Fire ...

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A Member of the International Code Familyn

> & '-

INTERNATIONA CODE INTERNATIONAL cou?JcIr

2006 International Fire Code'

First Printing: January 2006

ISBN-13: 978-1-58001-255-3 (soft) ISBN- 10: 1-58001-255-8 (soft) ISBN- 13: 978-1-58001-254-6 (loose-leaf) ISBN-10: 1-58001-254-X (loose-leaf) ISBN-13: 978- 1-58001-304-8 (e-document) ISBN- 10: 1-58001-304-X (e-document)

COPYRIGHT 02006 by INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL. INC.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This 2006 filter-nntiorrrtl Fire Code@is a copyrighted work owned by the International Code Council, Inc. Without advance written permission from the copyright owner, no part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical or mechanical means (by way of exarnplc and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system). For information on permission to copy material exceeding fair use, please contact: Publications, 4051 West Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478-5795. Phone 1-888-ICC-SAFE (422-7233). Trademarks: "International Code Council ,"the "International Code Council" logo and the "International Fire Code" are trademarks of the International Code Council. Inc.

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

PREFACE Introduction Internat~onally.code officials recognize the need f o ~a modem, up-to-date fire code addressing conditions hazardous to life and of buildings and premises. The property from fire, explosion, handling or usc of ha7ardous materials and the usc and occupa~~cy I~zterizatioizalFire Codeo, in this 2006 edition. is designed to meet these needs through model code regulations that safeguard the public health and safety in all communities. large and small. This comprehensive fire code establishes minii~~urn regulations for fire prevention and fire protection systems using prescriptivc and performance-rclated provisiorls. It is founded on broad-based principles that make possible the use of new materials and new system designs. This 2006 edition is fully compatible with all the In/ertlariorlal Codess (I-Codeso! published by thc Internationnl Code Courlcil (KC)@,includ~ngthe Interr~atiorlalBuililing Codem,ICC Elecrrical Code'O, Intel-t~alionalEllergj Conservatiolz Code", International Existirzg Building Codeo, Interrzatiotlal Fuel Gas Codea, h~ternationulMeclzanical CodeGD, ICC Perforrnurzce Codea, Iiltertlatiotlal Plurt~Oir~g Code'", Irztertzntiotml Privatr Sewage Disposal CodeIn,I~~ternatiotlal Propertly Muit~ter~urzce Code@, Ifztertzutional Residential Codem,.International Wildlutld-Urbarl I n ~ e r f i ~ CodeTM ce and Itzternational Zotzing CodecJ3. The Ztzternatiorzul Fire Code provisions provide Inany benefits, among which is the model code developmcnt process that offers an international forum for fire safety professionals to discuss performance and prescr-iptive code requirements. This forum provides an excellent arena to debate proposed revisions. This model code also encourages international consistency in the application of provisiorls.

Development The first edition of the Intematiortal Fire Code (2000)was the culmination of an effort initiated in 1997 by a development committee appointed by ICC and consisting of represe~itativesof the threc statutory members of the International Code Council: Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), Inten~ationalConfere~lceof Building Officials (ICBO) and Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI). The intent was to draft a comprehcnsivc set of fire safety regulations consistenl with and i~lclusiveof the scope of the existing model codes. Technical content of the latest model codes promulgated by BOCA, ICBO and S RCCI was utilized as the basis for the development, followed by public hearings in 1998 and 1999 to considcr proposed changes. This 2006 edition presents the code as originally issued, with changes rcflcctcd in the 2003 edition and further changes approved through the ICC Code Development Process through 2005. A new edition such as this is promulgated cvery thrcc ycars. This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the scopc of afire code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare; provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not restrict the use of ncw materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or methods of constmctio~~.

Adoption Thc Irzter-nationalFire Code is available for adoption and usc by jurisdictions internationally. Its use within a governmental jurisdiction is intended to be accomplished through adoption by reference in accordance with proceedings establishing the jurisdiction's laws. At the time of adoption, jurisdictions should insert the appropriate irlformation in provisions requiring specific local information, such as the nanlc of the adopting jurisdiction. Thcse locations are shown in bracketed words in small capital letters in the code and in the sample ordinance. The sample adoption ordinancc on page v addresses several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the information required for insertion into the code tcxt.

Maintenance The Iilt'rt~atiot~alFire Code is kept up-to-date through the review of proposed changes submitted by code enforcirig officials, industry representatives. design professionals and other interested parties. Proposed changes arc carefully considered through an open code developmcnt process in which all interested and affected parties may participate. Thc contents of this work are subject to change both through the Code Development Cycles and the governmental body that cnacts the codc into law. For more information regarding the code development process, contact the Code and Standard Dcvelopment Department of the International Code Council. While the development procedure of the h~terrzatiorzalFire Code assures the highest dcgree of care, ICC, its members and those participating in the development of this code do not accept any liability resulting from compliance or noncompliance with thc provisions because ICC and its founding members do not have the power or authority to police or enforcecompliance with the contents of this code. Only the govcrn~nentalbody that enacts the code into law has such authority. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE"

Letter Designations in Front of Section Numbers In each code development cycle, proposed changes to the code are considered at the Code Development Hearings by tlic ICC Fire Code Dcvelopment Committee, whose action constitutes a recommendation to the voting membership for final action 011 the proposed changc. Proposed changes to a code section that has a number beginning with a letter in brackets are considcred by adifferent code development committee. For example, proposed changes to code sections that have [B] in front of thcrn (e.g. [B] 607.2) arc considercd by the ICC Building Code Development Committee at the code development hearings. The content of sections in this code that begin with a letter designation are maintained by anothcr code developmcnt committee in accordance with thc following: (B] = International Building Code Development Committee; [EB] = International Existing Building Code Development Committee;

[FG] = International Fuel Gas Code Development Committee; [MI = International MechanicaI Code Development Committee; and [PI = International Plumbing Code Development Committee.

Marginal Markings Solid vertical lines in the margins within the body of the code indicate a technical change from the requirements of the 2003 edition. Deletion indicators in the form of an arrow ( I,) are provided in the margin where an entire section, paragraph, exception or table has been deleted or an item in a list of items or a table has been deleted.

2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

ORDINANCE The h~terizutionnlCodes are designed and promulgated to be adopted by reference hy ordinance. Jurisdictions wishing to adopl Lhe 2006 Itzlerncttionul Fire Code as an enforceable regulation governing regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from thc storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises should ensure that ccrtain factual inronnation is includcd in the adopting ordinance at the time adoption is being considered by the appropriate governmental body. Thc following sample adoption ordinance addrcsscs several key elements of a code adoption ordinance, including the infor~nationrequired for insertion into the code text.

SAMPLE ORDINANCE FOR ADOPTION OF T H E INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE ORDINANCE NO. An ordinance of the [JURISDICTION]adopting the 2006 edition of the Internntional Fire Code, regulating and governing the safeguarding of life and property from fire and explosion hazards xising Crom the storage, handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and prcmises in the [JURISDICTION]; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; repealing Ordinance No. of the [JURISDICTION] and all other ordinances and parts of thc ordinances in conflict therewith. The [GOVERNING BODY] of the [JURISDICTION]docs ordain as follows:

Section 1. That a certain document, three (3) copies of which are on filc in the office of the [TITLE OF JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] of [NAME OF JURISDICTION], being marked and designated as the Internntionnl Fire Code, 2006 cdition, includi~~g Appendix Chapters [FILL. IN THE APPENDIX CHAPTERS BEING ADOPTED] (see Internutional Fire Code Section 101.2.1,2006 edition). as published hy the International Code Council, be and is hereby adopted as the Fire Code of the [JURISDICTION], in the State of [STATE NAME] regulating and governing the safeguarding of lifc and property from fire and explosion hazards arising from the storage. handling and use of hazardous substances, materials and devices, and from conditions hazardous to life or property in the occupancy of buildings and premises as hcrcin provided; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees therefor; and each and all of the regulations, provisions, penalties. conditions and terms of said Fire Code on filc in the office of the [JURISDICTION] are hereby referred to, adopted, and made a part hercof, as if fully sct out in this ordinance, with the additions, insertions, deletions and changes, if any, prescribed in Section 2 of this ordinance. Section 2. That the following sections are hereby revised: Section 101.1 Inscrt: [NAME OF JURISDICTION] Section 109.3. Insert: [OFFENSE, DOLLAR AMOUNT, NUMBER OF DAYS] Scction 1 11.4. Inserl: [DOLLAR AMOUNT IN TWO LOCATIONS]

Section 3. That the geograpl~iclimits referred to in certain sections of the 2006 h~terncrtionalFire Code are hereby established as follows: Section 3204.3.1.1 (geographic limits in which thc storagc of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Section 3404.2.9.5.1 (gcographic limits in which the storage of Class I and Class 11 liquids in above-ground tanlis outside of buildings is prohibited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Sect~on3406.2.4.4 (geographic limit5 in which the storage of Class I and Class I1 liquids in above-ground tanks is prohihited): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY] Section 3804.2 (gcographic limits in which the storage of liquefied petroleum gas is restricted for the protection of heavily populated or congested areas): [JURISDICTION TO SPECIFY]

Section 4. That Ordinancc No. of [JURISDICTION] entitled [FILL IN HERE THE COMPLETE TITLE OF THE ORDINANCE OR ORDINANCES IN EFFECT AT THE PRESENT TIME SO THAT THEY WILL BE REPEALED BY SPECIFIC REFERENCE] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict l~ercwithare hereby repealed.

Section 5.That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be unconstitutional: such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. Thc [GOVERNING BODY] hereby declares that it 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

v

would have passed this ordinance, and each section. subsection, clause or phrase thereof, irrespective of the fact that any onc or more sections, subsections. sentences. clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.

Scction 6. That nothing in this ordinancc or in the Fire Code hereby adopted shall be construed to affect any suit or proceeding impending in any court, or any rights acquired, or liability incurred, or any cause or causes of action acquired or existing, under any act or ordinancc hercby repealed as cited in Section 4 of this ordinance; nor shall any just or legal right or remedy of any character bc lost, impaired or affected by this ordinance. Section 7. That the [JURISDICTION'S KEEPER OF RECORDS] is hereby ordered and directed to cause this ordinance to be publishcd. (An additional provision may be rcquired to direct the number of timcs the ordinance is to be published and to spccify that it is to be in a newspaper in gencral circulation. Posting may also be required.) Section 8. That this ordinance and the rules, regulations. provisions, requirements, orders and matters established and adopted hcreby shall take effect and bc in full forcc and effect [TIME PERIOD] from and after thc date of its final passage and adoption.


TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION Section

............... 1

403

Public Assemblages and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

404

Fire Safety and Evacuation Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

101

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

405

Ernergency Evacuation Drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

102 103

Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dcpartment of Fire Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

406 407

Einployce Training and Response Proccdurcs . . . 37 ~~~~~d~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . .~. . . . . . .~. . . . . 37~

104

General Authority and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . 2 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

408

Use and Occupancy-related Rcquircments . . . . . 38

105 106

Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

CHAPTER 5 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES

107

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

108

Board of Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

109

Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

1 10

Unsafe Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

1 11

Stou Work Ordcr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

CHAPTER 2 DEFINITIONS

................... 13

Section

....... 41

Section 501

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

502

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

503

Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

504

Access to Building Openings and Roof5 . . . . . . . 42

505

Premises Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 .

506

KeyBoxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

201

Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

507

Hazards to Fire Fighters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

202

General Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

508

Fire Protection Water Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

CHAPTER 3

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE ..................27

509

Fire Command Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5 10

Fire Department Access to Equipment . . . . . . . . . 1 4

Section

CHAPTER 6

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS ................. - 4 5

301

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

302

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

303

Asphalt Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Section

304 305

Combustible Waste Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Ignition Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

601

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

602

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

306

Motion Picture Projection Rooms and Film . . . . 28

603

Fuel-fired Appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

307

Open Burning and Recreational Fires . . . . . . . . . 28

604

Emergency and Standby Power Systems . . . . . . . 47

308

Opcn Flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

605

Electrical Equipment. Wiring and Hazards . . . . . 49

309

Powered Industrial Trucks and Equipment . . . . . 3 1

606

Mechanical Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

310

Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

607

Elevator Recall and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

31 1

Vacant Premises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1

608

Stationary Storage Battery Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3 12 313

Vehicle Impact Protec~iurl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Fuelcd Equipmcnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

609

Commercial Kitchen Hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

314

Indoor Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

315

Miscellaneous Combustible Materials Storage . . 33

CHAPTER 4

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS ............ 35

Section

CHAPTER 7

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION ................55

Section 701

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

702

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

401

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

703

Fire-resistance-rated Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

402

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

704

Floor Openings and Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55


i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

.

CHAPTER 8 INTERIOR FINISH DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS 57

...................

1008 Doors . Gates and Turnstiles

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

1009 Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Section 801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 802 ~ ~ f i. . . ~. . . .i . . ~ . . . .i. . .~. . . ~. . . .~. . . . . . . . 57

l o 1 ] Exitsigns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 1012 Handrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

803

Interior Wall and Ceiling Finish and Trim in Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

1013 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

804

Interior Wall and Ceiling Trim in New and Existing.Buildings .. . . . . . . . . . .

805 806 807 808

59

U~holsteredFurniture and Mattresses in New and Exisiting Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

1014 ~~i~ A~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 1015 Exit and Exit Access Doorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016 Exit Access Travel Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 1017 Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

in New and Decorative Vegetation . Existing Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

1018 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Furnishings Other Than Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses or Decorative Materials in New and Existing Buildings

1021 Exit Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 1022 Horizontal Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

1019 Number of Exits and Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Decorative Materials Other Than Decorative Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 vegetation in N~~ alld ~ ~~ ~ ii l . .d. 62 ~i ~ 1020 ~~ ~ Vertical i ~ Enclosures ~ . .

. . . . 63

1023 Exterior Exit Ramps and Stairways . . . . . . . . . . 129

CHAPTER 9 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS .... 65

1024 Exit Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Section

1025 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

901

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

902

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

903 904

Automatic Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Alternative Autonlatic Fire-extinguishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

905

Standpipe Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

906

Portable Fire Extinguishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

907

Fire Alarm and Detection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

908

Emergency Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

909 9 10

Smoke Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Smoke and Heat Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

1 104 Aircraft Maintenance . . . . . . . .

911

Explosion Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

1 105 Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

912

Fire Department Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

1106 Aircraft Fucling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

9 13

Fire Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

1107 Helistops and Heliports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

914

Fire Protcction Based on Special Detailed Requirements of Use and Occupancy . . . . . . . 100

CHAPTER 12 DRY CLEANlNG ................ 151

............

CHAPTER 10 MEANS OF EGRESS 103 Section 100 1 Ad~llinistration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1003 General Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 1004 Occupant Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 1005 Egress Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 1006 Means of Egress Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 1007 Accessible Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 viii

1 026 Emergency Escape and Rescue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 1027 Means of Egress for Existing Buildings . . . . . . 136 1028 Maintenance ofthe Means of Egress . . . . . . . . . 140

CHAPTER 11 AVIATION FACILITIES .......... 143 Section

I 101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103 General Precautions . . . . . . . . .

Section 1201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1203 Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1204 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 1205 Operating Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 1206 Spotting and Pretreating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 1207 Dry Cleaning Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 1208 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 13 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS 155

..................

Section

CHAPTEK 16 FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING

... 173

Section 1601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

1301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1303 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 1304 Explosion Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

CHAPTER 14 FIRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION .................. 157 Section

16U3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

1603 EthyleneGas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1604 Sources of Ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1605 Combustible Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1606 Ethylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 1607 Warning Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

1401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

CHAPTER 17 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING ...... 175

1402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Section

1403 Temporary Heating Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

1701 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

1404 Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

1702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

1405 Flammable and Con~bustibleLiquids . . . . . . . . . 157

1703 Fire Safety Rcquirernents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

1406 Flammable Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 1407 Explosive Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 1408 Owner's Responsibility for Firc Protection . . . . 158 1409 Firc Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 8 1410 Access for Fire Fighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 14 11

Meails of Egrcss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

CHAPTEK 18 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITIES .................... 177 Section 1801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 1802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

1412 Water Supply for Fire Protectioll . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

1803 General Safety Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

1413 Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

1804 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

1414 Automatic Sprinkler System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

1805 Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

1415 Portable Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1416 Motorized Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1417 Safeguarding Roofing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . 159

CHAPTER 15 FLAMMABLE FINISHES

........ 161

Section 1501 Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 1502 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 1503 Protection of Opcrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 1504 Spray Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 1505 Dipping Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 1506 Powder Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 1507 Electrostatic Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I69 1508 Organic Peroxides and D~ial-cornponcnt Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 1509 Indoor Manufacturing of Reinforced Plastics . . 170 1510 Floor Surfacing and Finishing Operations . . . . . 170

CHAPTER 19 LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILII'IES ... 187 Section 1901 Gcncral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 1903 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1904 Fire Prolection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 1905 Plywood. Veneer and Composite Board Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 1906 Log Storage Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 1907 Storage of Wood Chips and Hogged Material Associated With Timbcr and Lumber Production Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I88 1908 Storage and Processing of Wood Chips. Hoggcd Material. Fines. Compost and Raw Product Associated With Yard Waste and Recycling Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

1909 Exterior Storage of Finished Lurnber Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 20 MANUFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS

.....................191

2302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 2303 Commodity Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Scction General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1

2304 Designation of High-piled Storage Areas . . . . . 218 2305 Houselteeping and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

2001 2002

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 2003 Gencral Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1

2306

~~~~~~lFire protection and if^ safety Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

2004 Electrical Equipment and Protection . . . . . . . . . 191

2307

Solid-piled and Shelf Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

2005 Process Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

2308 Rack Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

Process Mills and Kettlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Process Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Raw Materials in Process Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Raw Materials and Finished Products . . . . . . . . 193

2309 Automated Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

2006 2007 2008 2009

CHAPTER 21 INDUSTRIAL OVENS ........... 195 Section 2101 Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 21 02 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2103 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2104

FuclPiping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

23 10 Specialty Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

CHAPTER 24 TENTS. CANOPIES AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES 225 Section 2401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 2402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

.....

2403 Temporary Tents. Canopies and Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 2404 Temporary and Permanent Tents. Canopics and Membrane Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

2105 Tnterlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 2106 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 196 2 107 Operation and Maintcnance . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 25 TIRE REBUILDING AND TIRE STORAGE ................231 Section

CHAPTER 22 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES AND REPAIR

..........197

2201

Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

2503 Tire Rebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 2504 Precautions Against Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231 2505 O L l t d o o r ~ t o r a g e . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

2202

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

2506 ~i~~ D

GARAGES....."..'.' Section

. .~. . . . . .~. . . . . .~. . . . .232 ~ent A~~~~~ ~ ~

Fencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

2203 Location of Dispensing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197

2507

2204 Dispensing Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

2508 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

2205 2206

Operational Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Flan~mableand Combustible Liq~lidMotor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I99

2509

~~d~~~storage A~~~~~~~~~~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

CHAPTER 26 WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK

2207 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

section

2208

Compressed Natural Gas Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

2601

2209 Hydrogcn Motor Foel-dispensing and ~~~~~~~i~~~ ~ ~ .i . .l. . i. . .~. . i. . .~. . .~. . . . 206

2603

221 0 ~~~i~~ M~~~~puel-dispensing l+,-ilities. . . . . . 209 22 1 1 Rcpair Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1

.................... 233

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

2602 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

2604 Fire Safety Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 2605 Gas Welding and Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 2606 Electric Arc Hot Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

CHAPTER 23 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE

...................... 215

2607 Calcium Carbide Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 2608 Acetylene Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Section Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215

2609 Piping Manifolds and Hose Systems for Fuel Gases and Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

2301 X


,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 27 HAZARDOUS MATERIALSGENERAL PROVISIONS

.........237

Section 2701

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

2702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 2703 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 2704 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 2705

...........

CHAPTER 32 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS 279 Section 3201 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3203 Gencral Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 3204 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 3205 Use and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

Use. Dispensing and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258

CHAPTER 28 AEROSOLS .....................263 Section 2801 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2802 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2803 Classificatio~lof Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . 263 2804 h i d e Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . 263 2805 Outside Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 2806 Retail Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 2807 Manufacturing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

CHAPTER 29 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS

.........269

CHAPTER 33 EXPLOSIVES 4 N D FIREWORKS ................... 285 Section 3301 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 3302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 3303 Record Keeping and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 3304 Explosive Materials Storage and Handling . . . . 291 3305 Manufacture, Assembly and Tcsting of Explosives, Explosive Materials and Fireworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298 3306 Small Arms Ammunition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 3307 Blasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 3308 Fireworks Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303

Section 2901

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

2902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 2903 General P~ecautions 2904 Louse Fiber Storagc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 2905 Baled Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

CHAPTER 30 COMPRESSED GASES

..........271

Section 3001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3002 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 3003 General Rcquirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1 3004 Storage of Compressed Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3005 Use and Handling of Co~npressedGascs . . . . . . 275 3006 Medical Gas Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 3007 Compressed Gases Not Otherwise Regulated

CHAPTER 31 CORROSIVE MATERIALS

. . 276

....... 277

Section 3101

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

3 102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 3 103 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 3104

Storagc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 77

3105

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

CODE^

CHAPTER 34 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS 305 Section 3401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 3402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 3403 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 3404 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 3405 Dispensing. Use . Mixing and Handling . . . . . . . 329 3406 Special Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

.......

...........

CHAPTER 35 FLAMMABLE GASES 345 Scction 3501 Gcrleral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3502 Definitioils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3503 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 3504 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 3505 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

CHAPTER 36 FLAMMABLE SOLlDS .......... 347 Scction 3601 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3602 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3603 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 3604 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3605

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

CHAPTER 41 PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

.....373

3606 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Scction

CHAPTER 37 HIGHLY TOXIC AND TOXIC MATERIALS

4 102 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

Section

4104 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

4101 Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

.................... 351

4103

General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .373

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

4105

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

3702 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

4106

SilaneGas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374

3701

3703 Highly Toxic and Toxic Solids and Liquids . . . . 352 3704 Highly Toxic and Toxic Compressed Gases . . . 353 3705 Ozone Gas Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

CHAPTER 42 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS

...........377

4201

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .377

CHAPTER 38 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES

4202 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

Section

4204

.........................359

3801

4203 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 Storage and Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Installation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Location of Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 Prohibited Use of LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Dispensing and Overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Safety Precautions and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

3808 Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 1 3809 Storage of Portable LP-gas Containers Awaiting Use or Resale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 38 10 Containers Not in Servicc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 38 1 1 Parking and Garaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

CHAPTER 39 ORGANIC PEROXIDES

..........365

Section

CHAPTER 43 UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIALS

....................379

Section 4301 Gencral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4302 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4303 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 4304

Storaqe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

4305

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

CHAPTER 44 WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS ....................... 381 Section 4401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 4402 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 4403 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

4404

Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

3902 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

4405

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

3901

3903 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 3904 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 3905

Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

CHAPTER 40 OXlDIZElZS

.................... 369

Section 4001 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 4002

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

4003 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

CHAPTER 45 REFERENCED STANDARDS APPENDIX A BOARD O F APPEALS

.....383

........... 391

Section A101 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

APPENDIX B FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS ............... 393 Section

Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370

BlOl General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

4005 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

B102 Definition5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .393

4004


TABLE OF CONTENTS

B103 Modifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

B 104 Firc-flow Calculation Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 B 105 Fire-flow Requirements for Bulldings . . . . . . . . 393 B 106 Referenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

APPENDIX C FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION ............395 Scction ClOl

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

C102 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 C103 Number of Firc Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 C104 Consideration of Existing Fire Hydrants . . . . . . 395 C 105 Distribution of Fire Hydrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

APPENDIX D FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROADS ........................397 Section Dl01 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 D 102 Required Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Dl03 Minimum Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 D l 0 4 Commercial and Industrial Developt~lcnts. . . . . 398 Dl05 Aerial Fire Apparatus Access Roads . . . . . . . . . 398 D 106 Multiple-family Residential Developments . . . . 398

D 107 One- or Two-family Residential Developnlents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

APPENDIX E HAZARD CATEGORIES

.........401

Section E l 0 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 E l 0 2 Hazard Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 EJ 03 Evaluation of Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

APPENDIX F HAZARD RANKING .............407 Section

FI 0 l

Gcneral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

F 102 Refcrenced Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407

APPENDIX G CRYOGENIC FLUIDS-WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS ...409 Section GlOl General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

INDEX

....................................... 411

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xiii

xiv


CHAPTER 1

ADMINISTRATION SECTION 101 GENERAL 101.1 Title. Thcsc rcgulations shall be known as the F ~ r eCode of [ N A M E OF JURISDICTION], hereinafter refcrred to as "this code." 101.2 Scope. This code establishes regulations affecting or relating to structurcs. processes. premises and safeguards regarding: I . The hazard of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling or use of structures, materials or devices;

2. Conditions hazardous to life, property or public welfare in the occupancy of structures or premises; 3. Fire hazards in the structure or on the premises from occupancy or operation;

4. Matters related to the construction, extension. repair, alteration or renloval of fire suppression or alarm systems. 101.2.1 Appendices. Provisions in the appendices shall not apply unlcss specifically adoptcd. 101.3 Intent. The purposc of this code is to establish the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practice for providing a reasonable level of life safety and property protection from the hazards o l fire, explosion or dangerous conditions in new and cxisting buildings, structures and premises and to provide safety to fire fighters and emergency rcsponders during emergency operations. 101.4 Severability. If a section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase of this code is, for any reason, held to bc unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect thevalidity of the remaining portions of this code. 101.5 Validity. In the event any part or provision of this code is hcld to bc illegal or void, this shall not have the effect of making void or illegal any of the other parts or provisions hereof, which are determined to be legal; and it shall be presumed that this code would havc bccn adopted without such illegal or invalid parts or provisions.

SECTION 102 APPLICABILITY 102.1 Construction and design provisions. The constmction and design provisions of this code shall apply to: 1. Structures, facilitics and conditions arising after the adoption of this codc. 2. Existing structures, facilitics and conditions not legally in cxistcnce at the time of adoption of this code.

3. Existing structures. facilities and conditions whcn identified in specific sections of this code. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'

4. Existing structures, facilities and conditions which. in the opinion of the firc code official, constitute a distinct hazard to life or property.

102.2 Administrative, operational and maintenance provisions. The administrative, operational and maintenance provisions of this code shall apply to: 1. Conditions and operations arising after the adoptlon of this code. 2. Existing conditions and operations. 102.3 Change of use or occupancy. No change shall be made in the use or occupancy of any structure that would place the structure in adifferent division of the same group or occupancy or in a different group of occupancies, unless such structure is made to comply with the requirements of this code and the Zratcrr~atiorznlB~tildingCode. Subject to the approval of the fire code official, the use or occupancy of an existing structure shall be allowed to bc changed and the structure is allowcd to be occupied for purposes in other groups w~thoutconforming to all the requirements of this code and the 61tenzntionalB~tildi~zg Code for those groups, provided the new or proposed use is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk. than the existing use. 102.4 Application of building code. Thc design and construction of new structurer shall comply with the Irzter~zutio~zal Buildirzg Code, and any alterations, additions, changes in useor changes in structures required by thia code, which are within the scope of the Zntenzational Buiiding Code, shall be made in accordance therewith. 102.5 Historic buildings. The provisions of this codc relating to the construction, alteration, repair, enlargcment. restoration, relocation or moving of buildings or structures shall not be mandatory for existing buildings or structures idcntificd and classified by the state or local jurisdiction as h~storicbuildings when such buildings or structures do not constitute a distinct hazard to life or property. Fire protection in designated historic buildings and structurcs shall be provided in accordance with an approved fire p~otectionplan. 102.6 Referenced codes and standards. The codes and ?tandards refcrenccd In this code shall he thosc that arc listcd in Chapter 45 and such codes and standards shall bc considered partif the I-cquircmentsof this code to the prescribed cxtent of cach such reference. Where differences occur between the provisions of this code and the referenced standards, thc provisions of this code shall apply. 102.7 Subjects not regulated by this code. Where no applicable standards or requirements are set forth in this codc, or ar-c contained within other laws, codes, rcgulations, ordinances or bylaws adopted by thejurisdiction, compliance with applicable standards of the National Fire Protcction Association or other nationally recognized fire safety standards, as approved, shall be deemed as prima facie evidcncc of compliance with the intent of this code. Nothing herein shall derogate from the authority of the fire code official to determinc compliance with 1

ADMINISTRATION

codes or standards for those activities or installations within the fire codc official's jurisdiction or responsibility.

102.8 Matters not provided for. Requirements that are essential for the public safety of an existing or proposed activity, building or structure, or for the safety of the occupants thereof, which are not specifically provided for by this code shall be determined by the fire code official. 102.9 Conflicting provisions. Where there is a conflict bctween a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable.

SECTION 103 DEPARTMENT OF FIRE PREVENTION 103.1 General. The department of fire prevention is established within the jurisdiction under the direction of the fire codc official. Thc function of the department shall be the implementat~on,administration and cnforccment of the provisions of this code. 103.2 Appointment. The fire code official shall be appointed by the chief appointing authority of the jurisdiction; and the fire codc official shall not be removed from office cxccpt for cause and after full opportunity to be heard on specific and relevant chargcs by and before the appointing authority. 103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdiction and with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the fire code official shall have the authority to appoint a deputy firc code official, other relatcd technical officers, inspectors and othcr employees. 103.4 Liability. The firc code official, officer or employee charged with the cnforcement of this code, while acting for the jurisdiction, shall not thereby be rendered liable personally, and is hercby rclieved from all personal liability for any darnage accruing to persons or property as a result of an act required or pcrmittcd in the discharge of official duties. 103.4.1 Legal defense. Any suit instituted against any officer or en~ployeebecausc of an act performed by that officer or employee in the lawful discharge of duties and under the provisions of this codc shall be defended by the legal representative of the jurisdiction until the final termination of the proceedings. The fire code official or any subordinate shall not be liable for costs in an action, suit or proceeding that is instituted in pursuance of the provisions of this code; and any officcr of the department of fire prevention, acting in good faith and without malice, shall be free fro111liability for acts performed under any of its provisions or by reason of any act or omission in the performance of official duties in connection therewith.

SECTION 104 GENERAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITIES 104.1 General. The fire code official is hereby authorized to enforce the provisions of this code and shall have the authority to render interpretations of this code; and to adopt policies, procedures, rules and regulations in order to clarify the application of its provisions. Such interpretations. policies, procedures,

rules and regulations shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and shall not have the effect of waiving requirements specifically provided for in this code.

104.2 Applications and permits. The firc code official is authorized to receive applications, review construction documents and issue permits for construction regulated by this code, issue permits for operations regulated by this code. inspect the premises for which such permits have been issucd and enforce compliance with the provisions of this code. 104.3 Right of entry. Whenever it is necessary to make an inspection to enforce the provisions of this code, or whenever the fire code official has reasonable cause to belicve that there exists in a building or upon any premises any conditions or violations of this code which make the building or premises unsafe, dangerous or hazardous, the fire code official shall have the authority to enter the building or premises at all reasonable times to inspect or to perform the duties imposed upon the fire code official by this codc. If such building or premises is occupied, the fire code official shall present credentials to the occupant and rcquest entry. If such building or premises is unoccupied, the fire code official shall first make a reasonable effort to locate the owner or other person having charge or control of the building or premises and rcquest entry. If entry is refused, the fire code official has recourse to every remedy providcd by law to secure entry. 104.3.1 Warrant. When the fire code official has first obtained a proper inspection warrant or other remedy provided by law to secure entry, an owner or occupant or person having charge, care or control of the building or premises shall not fail or neglect, after proper request is made as herein provided, to permit entry therein by the firc codc official for the purpose of inspection and examination pursuant to this codc. 104.4 Identification. The fire code official shall carry proper identification when inspecting structures or premises in thc performance of duties under this code. 104.5 Notices and orders. The fire code official is authorized to issue such notices or orders as are required to affect compliance with this code in accordance with Sections 109.1 and 109.2. 104.6 Official records. The fire code official shall keep official records as required by Sections 104.6.1 through 104.6.4. Such official records shall be retained for not less than five ycars or for as long as the structure or activity to which such records relate remains in existence, unless otherwise provided by other regulations. 104.6.1 Approvals. A record of approvals shall be maintained by the fire code official and shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordancc with applicable laws. 104.6.2 Inspections. The firc code official shall keep a record of each inspection made, including notices and orders issued, showing the findings and disposition of each. 104.6.3 Fire records. The fire department shall keep a record of fires occurring within its jurisdiction and of facts concerning the same, incl~tdingstatistics as to the cxtent of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

ADMINISTRATION

such fires and the damage caused thereby, together with other information as required by the fire code official.

104.6.4 Administrative. Appl~cation for modification, alternative methods or materials and the final decision ofthe fire code official shall be in writing and shall be officially rccorded In the permanent records of the fire code official. 104.7 Approved materials and equipment. All materials, equipment and devices approved by the fire code official shall hc constructed and installed in accordance with such approval. 104.7.1 Material and equipment reuse. Materials, equipment and devices shall not be reused or reinstalled unless such elements have been reconditioned, tested and placed in good and proper working condition and approved. 104.7.2 Technical assistance. To determine the acceptability of tccl~riologies.processes, products, facilities. materials and uses attending the design, operation or use of a building or premises subject to inspection by the fire code official. the fire code official is authorized to require the owner or agent to provide, without charge lo thejurisdiction, a technical opinion and report. The opinion and report shall be prcpared by a qualified engineer. specialist, laboratory or fire safety specialty organization acceptable to the tire code official andshall analyze the fire safety properlies of the design, operation or use of thebuilding or premises and the facilities and appurtenances situated thereon, to recommend necessary changes. The fire code official is authorized to require design suhmittals to be prepared by, and bear the stanip of, a registered dcsign professional. 104.8 RTodifications.Whenever there are practical difficulties involved in carrying out the provisions of this code, the fire code official shall have the authority to grant modifications for individual cases. provided the fire codc official shall first find that special individual reason niakes the strict letter of this code impractical and the modification is in compliance with the intent and purpose of this code and that such modification does not lcsscn health, life and fire safety requirements. The details of action granting modifications shall be recorded and entered in the filcs of the department of fire prevention. 104.9 Alternative materials and methods. The provisions of this codc are not intended to prevent the installation of any material or to prohibit any method of coilstruction not syecifically prescribedby this code, provided that any such alternative has been approved. The fire code official is authorized to approvc an altcrnativc n~atcl.ialor method of construction where the fire code official finds that the proposed design is satisfactory and complies with the intent of the provisions of this code, and that the material, method or work offered is, for the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of that prescribed in this code in quality, strength, effectivenes~,fire rcsistance. durability and safety. 104.10 Fire investigations. The fire code official, the fire department or other responsible authority shall have the authority to iilvestigntc the cause, origin and circuinstances of any firc, explosion or other hazardous condition. Information that could be related to trade secrets or processes shall not be made part of the public record except as directed by a court of law. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

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104.10.1 Assistance from other agencies. Police and othcr enforcement agencics shall have authority to rendcr necessary assistance in the investigation of fires when reqacsted to do so. 104.11 Authority at fires and other emergencies. 'l'he fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of a fire or other emergency involving the protection of life orproperty or any part thereof, shall have the authority to direct such operation as necessary to extinguish or coritrol any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate the existence of suspected o r reported fires, gas leaks or other hazardous conditions or situalions, or take any other action necessary in the reasonable pcrfornlance of duty. In the exercise of such power, the fire chief is authorized to prohibit any person, vehicle, vessel or thing from approaching the sccnc and is authorized to remove, or cause to be removed or kcpt away from the scene, any vehicle, vessel or thing which could impedeor intcrfere with the operations of the fire department and, in the judgmcnt of the fire chief, any person not actually and usefully employed in the extinguishing of such fire or in the preservation of property in the vicinity thereof. 104.11.1 Barricades. The fire chief or officer of the fire department in charge at the scene of an emergency is authorized LOplace ropes, guards, barricades or othcr obstructions across any street, alley, place or private proper-tyin the vicinity of such operation so as to prevent accidents or interfercnce with the lawfill efforts of the fire department tomanage and control the situation and to handle firc apparatus. 104.11.2 Obstructing operations. No person shall obstruct the operations of the fire dcpartrnent in connection with extinguishment or control of any fire, or actions relative to other emergencies, or disobey any lawful command of the fire chicf or officer of the fire department in charge of thc emergency, or any part thereof, or any lawful order of a police officer assisting the fire department. 104.11.3 Systems and devices. No person shall render a systcm or device inoperative during an emergency unless by direction of thc fire chief or- lire department official in charge of the incident.

SECTION 105 PERMITS 105.1 General. Permits shall be in accordance with Scctions 105.1.1 through 105.7.13. 105.1.1 Permits required. Permits required by this codc shall bc obtaincd from the fire code official. Permit fees, if any, shall be paid prior to issuance of thc pcrnit. Issucdpermits shall be kcpt on the premises designated thcrein at all tinles and shall be readily availablc for inspection by the firc code official. 105.1.2 Types of permits. There shall be two types of permits as follows:

I . Operational permit. An operational permit allows the applicant to conduct an operation or a business for which apermit is required by Scction 105.6for eithcr: 1.1. A prescribed period.

ADMINISTRATION

1.2. Until renewed or revoked.

2. Construction permit. A construction permit allows the applicant to install or modify systcms and equipment for which apermit is required by Section 105.7.

105.1.3 Permits for the same location. When more than one pcrmit is required for the same location, the fire code official is authorized to consolidate such permits into a single permit provided that each provision is listed in the permit. 105.2 Application. Application for a permit required by this code shall be niadc to the fire code official in such form and detail as prescribed by the fire code official. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such plans as prescribed by the fire code official. 105.2.1 Refusal to issue permit. If the application for apermit describes a use that docs not conform to the requirements of this code and other pertinent laws and ordinances, the fire code official shall not issue a pennit, but shall return the application to the applicant with the refusal to issue such permit. Such refusal shall, when requested, be in writing and shall contain the reasons for refusal. 105.2.2 Inspection authorized. Before a new operational permit is approved, the fire code official is authorized to inspect the receptacles, vehicles. buildings. devices. premises, storage spaces or areas to be used to determine compliance with this code or any operational constraints rcqulred. 105.2.3 Timc limitation of application. An application for a permit for any proposed work or operation shall be deemed to have bcen abandoned six months after the date of filing, unless such application has been diligently prosecuted or a permit shall have been issued; except that the fire code official is authorized to grant one or more extensions of time for additional periods not exceeding 90 days each if there is reasonable cause. 105.2.4 Action on application. The firc code official shall examine or causc to be examined applications for permits thereto within a reasonable time after filand an~endn~ents ing. If thc application or the construction documents do not conform to the requirements of pertinent laws, the fire code official shall reject such application in writing, stating the reasons therefor. If the fire code official is satisfied that the proposed work or operation confonns to the requirements of this codc and laws and ordinances applicable thereto, the firc code official shall issue a permit therefore as soon as practicable. 105.3 Conditions of a permit. A permit shall constitute permission to maintain, store or handle materials: or to conduct processes which produce conditions hazardous to life or property; or to install equipment utilized in connection with such activities; or to install or modify any fire protection system or equipment or any other construction, equipment installation or modification in accordance with the provisions of this code where apermit is required by Scction 105.6 or 105.7. Such permission shall not be construed as authority to violate. cancel or set aside any of the provisions of this code or other applicable regulatiorls or laws of the jurisdiction.

105.3.1 Expiration. An operational permit shall remain in effect until reissued, renewed, or revoked or for such a period of time as specified in the pernit. Construction permits shall automatically become invalid unless the work authorized by such permit is commenced within 180 days after its issuance, or if the work authorizedby such permit is suspended or abandoned for a period of 180 days after the time the work is commenced. Before such work recommences, a new p e ~ m i shall t be first obtained and the fee to recommence work, if any, shall be one-half the amount required for a new permit for such work, provided no changes have been madc or will be made in the original construction documents for such work, and provided further that such suspension or abandonment has not exceeded one year. Pelmits are not transferable and any change in occupancy, operation, tenancy or ownership shall require that a new permit be issued. 105.3.2 Extensions. A permittee holding an unexpired permit shall have the right to apply for an extension of the time within which the permittee will commence work under that permit when work is unable to be commenced within thc time required by this section for good and satisfactory reasons. The fire code official is authorized to grant, in writing. one or more extensions of the time period of a permit for periods of not more than 90 days each. Such extensions shall be requested by the permit holder in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated. 105.3.3 Occupancy prohibited before approval. The building or structure shall not be occupied prior to the fire codc official issuing a permit that indicates that applicable provisions of this code have been met. 105.3.4 Conditional permits. Where permits are required and upon the request of a permit applicant, the fire code official is authorized to issue a conditional permit to occupy thc premises or portion thcreof before the entire work or operations on the premises is completed, provided that such portion or portions will bc occupied safely prior to f ~ ~ l l completion or installation of equipment and operations without endangering life or public welfare. Thc fire code official shall notify the permit applicant in writing of any limitations or restrictions necessary to keep the permit area safe. The holder of a conditional permit shall proceed only to the point for which approval has been given, at the permit holder's own risk and without assurance that approval for the occupancy or the utilization of the entire premises, equipment or operations will be granted. 105.3.5 Posting the permit. Issued permits shall be kept on the premises designated therein at all times and shall be readily available for inspection by the fire code official. 105.3.6 Compliance with code. The issuance or granting of a permit shall not be construed to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of any of the provisions of this code or of any other ordinance of the jurisdiction. Permits presuming to give authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this codc or other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid. The issuance of a permit based on construction documents and other data shall not prevent the fire code official from requiring the correction of e ~ ~ oinr sthe 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

ADMINISTRATION

construction documents and other data. Any addition to or alteration of approved construction documents shall be approved in advance by the fire code official, as cvidenced by the issuance of a new or amended permit.

application or construction documents on which the permit or approval was basedincluding, but not limited to, any one of the following: 1. The permit is used for a location or establishment other than that for which it was issued.

105.3.7 Information on the permit. The fire code official shall issue all permits required by this code on an approved form furnished for that purpose. The permit shall contain a general description of the operation or occupancy and its location and any other information required by the fire code official. Issued permits shall bear the signature of the fire code official or other approved legal authorization.

4. There have bcen any false statements or misreprcsenta-

105.4 Construction documents. Construction documents shall bc in accordancc with this section.

tions as to the material fact in the application for permit or plans submitted or a condition of the permit.

105.4.1 Submittals. Construction documents shall be submitted in one or more sets and in such form and detail as requircd by the fire code official. The construction documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where requ~redby the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project 1s to bc constructed.

5. The permit is used by a diffcrcnt person or firm than the name for which it was issued.

105.4.2 Information on construction documents. Construction dociunents shall be drawn to scale upon suitable material, Electronic documents are allowed to be when approved by the fire code official, Construction docu~nentsshall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, IiaLure and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations as detennined by thc fire code official. 105.4.3 Applicant responsibility. It shall be the responsibility of the applicant to ensurc that the construction documents include all of the fire protection requirements and the shop drawings arc complete and in cornpliancc with the applicable codes and standards. 105.4.4 Approved documents. Construction documents approved by the fire code official are approved with the n comply in all intent that such c o n ~ t ~ c t i odocuments respects with this code. Review and approval by the fire code official shall not rclicvc the applicant of the responsibility of compliance with this code. 105.4.5 Corrected documents. Where field conditions riecessitate any substantial change from the approved construction documents, the tire code official shall havc thc authority to require the corrected construction documents to be submitted rol. approval. 105.4.6 Retention of construction documents. One set of construction documents shall be retaincd by the firc code officialuntil final approval of the work covered therein. Onc set of approved construction documents shall be returned to the applicant. and said set shall be kept on the site of the building or work at all times during which the work authorized thereby is in progress. 105.5 Revocation. The fire code official is authorized to revoke a pcnnit issued under the provisions of this code when it is found by inspection or otherwise that there has becn a false statement or misrepresentation as to the material facts in the


2. The permit is used for a condition or activity other than that listed in the permit. 3. Conditions and limitations set forth in the pcrmit have been violated.

6. The permittee fdiled, refused or neglected to comply with orders or notices duly served in accordance with the provisions of this code within the time provided therein. 7. Thc permit was issued in error or in violation of an ordinance., regulation or this code.

-

105.6 Required operational permits. The fire code official is authorized to issue operational pemlits for thc operations set in Sections 105.6. 105.6.46. 105.6.1 Aerosol products. An operational -permit is required lo manufacture, store or handle an aggregate quantity of Lcvel2 or Level 3 aerosol products in excess of 500 pounds (227 kg) net weight. 105.6.2 Amusement buildings. An operational permit is required to operatc a special amuhernent building. 105.6.3 L4viation facilities. An operational peimit is required to use a Group H or Group S occupancy for aircraft servicing or rcpair and aircraft fuel-servicing vchicles. Additional permits required by other scctions of this code include, but are not limited to, hot work, hazardous rnaterials and flammable or combustible finishes. 105.6.4 Carnivals and fairs. An operational permit is required to conduct a carnival or fair. 105.6.5 Cellulose nitrate film. An operational permit is required to store, handle or use cellulose nitrate film in a Group A occupancy. 105.6.6 Combustible dust-producing operations. An operational permit is required to operate a grain elevator, flour starch mill, feed mill, or aplant pulverizing aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices or sugar. or other opelatiorls producing combustible dusts as defined in Chapter 2 105.6.7 Combustible fibers. An operational pertnit is requil-ecl for the storage and handling of co~nbustiblefibcrs in quantities greater than 100 cubic feet (2.8 m'). Exception: A perinit is not requircd for agricultural storage. 105.6.8 Compressed gases. An operational permit is required for the storagc, use or handling at nornlal tempera-

ADMINISTRATION

ture and pressure (NTP) of compressed gases in excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8.

105.6.13 Exhibits and trade shows. An operational permit is required to operate exhibits and trade shows.

Exception: Vehicles equipped for and using compressed gas as a fucl for propellin$ the vehicle.

105.6.14 Explosives. An operational permit is required for the manufacture, storage, handling, sale or use of any cluantity of cxplosives, explosive materials, fireworks or pyrotechnic special effects within thc scope of Chapter 33.

TABLE 105.6.8 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES AMOUNT TYPE OF GAS

200

105.6.15 Fire hydrants and valves. An operational permit is required to use or operate fire hydrants or valves intended for fire suppression purposes which are installed on water systems and accessible to a fire apparatus access road that is open to or generally used by the public.

.L

L_T2!xic--For ST:

1

I

Flammable (except cryogenic flu~ds and llqnefled petloleum gases)

1

Any Amount

I cubic foot = 11.02832m'.

105.6.9 Covered mall buildings. An operational permit is required for: 1. The placement of retail fixtures and displays, concession equipment, displays of highly combustible goods and similar items in the mall. 2. The display of liquid- or. gas-fired equipment in the mall. 3. The use of open-flame or flame-producing equipment in the mall.

105.6.10 Cryogenic fluids. An operational permit is rcquircd to producc, store, transport on site, use, handle or dispense cryogenic flu~dsin excess of the amounts listed in Table 105.6.10. Exception: Permits are not required for vehicles equipped for and using cryogenic fluids as a fuel for propelling the vehicle or for refrigerating the lading.

.

.

-

TABLE 105.6.10 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . .. _.._

..

-

INSIDE BUILDING TYPE~"FRYOC.EN1C .

.

F!arnmable Inert

---- ~-

- -

FLU!?

-

Iga!!O!!E_

-

Physical or heallh harard L.~!indical*above

.

0 ~

Oxidizing (includes

(

1

OUTSIDE BUILDING (gallons) . .. ~ -

%?re&?n~l

.

I

)

Any Amount

~.-

~

~

Any Amount 1

Exception: A permit is not required for authorized employees of the water company that supplies the system or the fire department to use or operate fire hydrants or valves. 105.6.16 Flammable and combustible liquids. An operational pcnnit is required:

1. To use or operate a pipeline for the transportation within facilities of flammable or combustible liquids. This requirement shall not apply to thc off-site transportation in pipelines regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOTn) nor does it apply to piping systems. 2. T o store? handle or use Class 1 liquids in excess of 5 gallons (19 L) in a building or in excess of 10 gallons (37.9 L) outside of a building, except that a permit is not required for the following: 2.1. The storage or use of Class I liquids in the fuel tank of a motor vehicle, aircraft. motorboat, mobile power plant or mobile hcating plant, unless such storage, in the opinion of the code official, would cause an unsafe condition. 2.2. The storage or use of paints, oils, varnishes or similar flammable mixtures when such licluids are stored for maintenance. painting or similar purposes for a period of not Inore than 30 days.

~

10

1

Exception: Storage in Group R-3 occupancies of smoleless propellant. black powder and small arms primers for personal use, not for resale and in accordance with Section 3306.

~ - -

3.785 L. For SI: I fallon :-

105.6.11 Cutting and welding. An operational permit is required to conduct cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction. 105.6.12 Dry cleaning plants. An operational permit 1s required to engage in the business of dry cleaning or to change to a more hazardous cleaning solvent used in existing dry cleaning equipment.

3. To store, handle or useclass 11or Class IIIA liquids in excess of 25 gallons (95 L) in a building or in cxcess of 60 gallons (227 L) outside a building, cxcept for fuel oil used in connection with oil-burning equipment. 4. To remove Class 1or Class 11 liquids from an underground storage tank used for fueling motor vehicles by any means other than the approved, stationary on-site pumps norinally used for dispensing purposes. 5. T o opcrate tank vehicles, equipment, tanks, plants. terminals, wells, fuel-dispensing stations, refineries, distilleries and similar facilities where flammablc and combustible liquids are produced, processed, transported, stored, dispensed or used. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

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6. To placc temporarily out of service (for more t h a ~90 i days) an underground, protected above-ground or above-ground flammable or combustible liquid tank.

7. To change the type of contents stored in aflammable or combustible liquid tank to a matcrial which poses a greater hazard than that for which the tank was designed and constructed. 8. To manufacture, proccss. blend or refine flammable or combustible liquids. 9. To engagc i n the dispensing of liquid fuels into the fuel tanks of motor vehiclcs at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments. 10. To utilize a site for the dispensing of liquid fuels from tank vehicles into the fuel tanks of motor vchicles at commercial, industrial, governmental or manufacturing establishments. 105.6.17 Floor finishing. An operational permit is rcquired for floor finishing or surfacing operations exceeding 350 square feet (33 mZ)using Class I or Class I1 liquids. 105.6.18 Fruit and crop ripening. An operational permit is required to openite a fruit-, or crop-ripening facility or conduct a fruit-ripening process using ethylene gas. 105.6.19 Fumigation and thermal insecticidal fogging. An operational permit is required to operate a business of fumigation or thermal insecticidal fogging and to maintain a room, vault or chamber in which a toxic or flammable fi~migant is used. 105.6.21) Hazardous materials. An operational pcrlnit is required to store, transport on site. dispense, use or handle hazardous matcrials in excess of the amounts listcd in Tahlc 105.6.20. 105.6.21 WPM facilities. An operational permit is rcquired to store. handle or use hazardous production materials. 105.6.22 High-pilcd storage. AII vperational permit is required to use a building or portion thereof as a high-piled storage arca exceeding 500 square feet (46 m?). 105.6.23 Hot work operations. An operational permit is required for hot work including, but not limited to: 1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is conducted.

2. Use of portable hot work equipment inside a structure.

Exception: Work that is conducted under a construction permit. 3. Fixed-site hot work equipment such as welding booths. 4. Hot work conductcd within a hazardous firc area.

5. Application of roof coverings with the usc of an open-flame device. 6. Whcn approved, the firc code official shall issue a permit to carry out a Hot Work Program. This program allows approved personnel to r e g l a t e their 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

--

TABLE 105.6.20 PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TYPE OF MATERIAL ---

~o_mb~i&~xuid. ! Conosive matn-inls Gases Liq~~id\ Solids

Sce Section 105.6 8 55 g;dlr,ns /1000~~d>--

Flanunable materials Gdsea Liquid.: Solids

Oxidiziny rn;rteiinls ; Gases Liquids Chss 4 I Ua<s3 Class 2 Class I Solids i Clacs 4 Clas.: 3 Class 2 ! Ciass l ! Organic peroxides Liqnirls Class I Class I1 Cli~ss111 I Class lV ; Class V Sollds Class 1 1 Class 11 ; Class 111 Class 1V 1 C1Lxs.L -~ Pyrophoric materials Cases Liquids

_( S & ~ j i o n

I

-.

See Section 105.h.X 4ny Amount - - - .-AnY!'nlo"nl ._ -

--

I

~-

- --

105.6.1444_-_

Ser Section 105.0.8 S9e Sccrion 105.6.16 100 @%n&- - .

Highly toxic materials I G;~scs Liquids Solid\ -.---.-

I

- -~

.l ~ e z ~ e c l i ! ) 1 : > ! ? ~ 6 . ~ .

.

: Explusive ma.terials

1

PMOUNT

-

~-

-

_-

.

.

- ._ ..-

See Sectiim 105.6.8

I Any AIIIOIIII~ I1

I

I0 gallons 55 gallons Any Arnouni

I

10

100 ~iounds

Any ,\mount Any Amount I gallon I gallons No Permit Requircd

.

I

.

-

Toxic materials G0\es 1 Liquids

Any hn11)uni Any Amount 10 po~lnds 20 pounds & r ) ~ ~ n i l R u w k~ c ~. ~-- - -.~

, -

--

I

I

I0 gallons

Unstable irenctive) materials Liquids Class 4 Class 3 Clns ? I Cli~sa1 Sollds Class 4 1 Class 3 Class 2

:

Water-reactibe Material' Liquids Class 3 ' Class lClass I ! Solids Clas\ 3 Class 2 1 .- .- Class -

Any Amount

I0 gallons Any Ainouut Any 41nount 50 poonds

;

Any A m o ~ ~ n t

5 gnllun\ 55 gollons .Any Amount 50 ~ ~ > t ~ n d . ; -

--

-

Fur S1: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 puund = 0.454 .':k a. 20 galluns when Table 2703.1 . I ( ) ; Nute h applies and ha~m-didentification signs ill accordarlce ~vithScctioo 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 20 gxllons or less. b. 200 yum~dswheunble 2703.1.1il) Note k applies and hazat-d identiticalion r i p s in accu~dancewiih Section 2703.5 arz provided for qo;lnrilics of200 pnunils or Ica.;.

I

ADMINISTRATION

facility's hot work operations. The approved personnel shall be trained in the fire safety aspects denoted in this chapter and shall be responsible for issuing permits requiring compliance with the requirements found in Chapter 26. These perrnits shall be issued only to their employees or hot work operations under their supervision.

105.6.24 Industrial ovens. An operational permit is required for operation of industrial ovens regulated by Chaptcr 21. 105.6.25 Lumber yards and woodworking plants. An operational permit is required for the storage or processing of lumber exceeding 100,000 board feet (8.333 ft') (236 m3). 105.6.26 Liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. An operational permit is required to display, operate or demonstrate liquid- or gas-fueled vehicles or equipment in assembly buildings. 105.6.27 LP-gas. An operational permit is required for: 1. Storage and use of L1'-gas

Exception: A permit is not requircd for individual containers with a 500-gallon (1893 L) water capacity or less serving occupancies in Group R-3. 2. Operation of cargo tankers that transport LP-gas.

105.6.35 Private fire hydrants. An opcrational permit is required for the removal from service, use or operation of private fire hydrants. Exception: A permit is not required for private industry with trained maintenance personnel, private fire brigade or fire departments to maintain, tcst and use private hydrants. 105.6.36 Pyrotechnic special effects material. An operational permit is required for usc and handling of pyrotechnic special effects material. 105.6.37 Pyroxylin plastics. An operational permit is required for storage or handling of more than 25 pounds (1 1 kg) of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastics and for the assembly or manufacture of articles involving pyroxylin plastics. 105.6.38 Refrigeration equipment. An operational permit is required to operate a mechanical refrigeratiori unit or system regulated by Chapter 6. 105.6.39 Repair garages and motor fuel-dispensing facilities. An operational pemiit is required for operation of repair garages and automotive, marine and flect motor fuel-dispensing facilities. 105.6.40 Rooftop heliports. An operational permit is required for the operation of a rooftop heliport.

105.6.28 Magnesium. An opel.ationa1 permit is required to melt, cast, heat treat or grind more than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of ~nagncsium.

105.6.41 Spraying or dipping. An operational perlilit is required to conduct a spraying or dipping operation utilizing flammable or combustible liquids or the application of combustible powders regulated by Chapter 15.

105.6.29 Miscellaneous combustible storage. An operational permit is rcquired to store in any building or upon any premises in excess of 2,500 cubic feet (7 1 m3)gross volume of combustible empty packing cases, boxes, barrels or similar containers. rubber tires, rubber, cork or similar combustible material.

105.6.42 Storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts. An operational permit is required to establish, conduct or maintain storage of scrap tires and tire byproducts that cxceeds 2,500 cubic feet (7 1 m3) of total volume of scrap tires and for indoor storage of tires and tire byproducts.

105.6.30 Open burning. An operational permit is required for the kindling or maintaining of an open fire or a fire on any public street, alley, road. or other public or private ground. Instructions and stipulations of the perinit shall be acihercd to. Exception: Recreational fires. 105.6.31 Open flames and torches. An operational permit is required to remove paint with a torch; or to usc a torch or open-flame device in a hazardous fire area. 105.6.32 Open flames and candles. An operational permit is rcquired to usc open flanles or candles in connection with assembly areas. dining arcns of restaurants or drinking establishments. 105.6.33 Organic coatings. An operational permit is rcquircd for any organic-coating manufacturing operation producing more than 1 gallon (4 L) of an organic coating in one day. 105.6.34 Places of assembly. An operational permit is required to operate a place of assembly.

105.6.43 Temporary membrane structures, tents and canopies. An operational permit is reyuircd to operate an air-supported temporary membrane structure or a tent having an area in excess of 200 square feet (19 m2), or a canopy in excess of 400 square fect (37 m2). Exceptions: 1. Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes. 2. Fabric canopies open on all sides which comply with all of thc following: 2.1. Individual canopies having a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m').

1.2. The aggregate arca of multiple canopies placed side by side without a firc break clearance of not less than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total. 2.3. A minimum clearance of 12 feet (3658 mm) to stmcturcs and other tents shall be provided. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

ADMINISTRATION

105.6.44 Tire-rebuilding plants. An operational permit is required for the operation and maintenance of a tire-rebuilding plant. 105.6.45 Waste handling. An operatiorla1 permit is required for the operation of wrecking yards, junk yards and waste material-handling facilities. 105.6.46 Wood products. An operational permit is required to store chips, hogged material, lumber or plywood in cxcess of 200 cubic feet (6 m3). 105.7 Required construction permits. The tire code official is authorized to issue constlvction permits for work as set forth in Sections 105.7.1 through 105.7.13. 105.7.1 Automatic fire-extinguishing systems. ,4 construction permit is required for installation of or modification to an automatic fire-extinguishing system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this codc is not considered a modification and does not require a permit. 105.7.2 Battery systems. A permit is required to install stationary storage battely systems having a liquid capacity of more than 50 gallons (189 L). 105.7.3 Compressed gases. When the compressed gases in use or storage excced the amounts listed in Table 105.6.8, a construction permit is required to install, repair damage to. abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a compressed gas system. Exceptions: 1. Routine maintenance. 2. For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of comlnencement of work. The permit applicant shall apply for approval to close storage, use or handling facilities at least 30 days prior to the termination of the storage, use or handling of conlpressed or liquefied gases. Such application shall include any change or alteration of thc facility closure plan filed pursuant to Section 2701.6.3. The 30-day period is not applicable when approved based on special circumstances requiring such waiver.

105.7.4 Fire alarm and detection systems and rclutcd equipment. A constlvction permit is required for installation of or n~odificationto fire alarm and detection systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and docs not requirc a permit. 105.7.5 Fire pumps and related equipment. A construction p c m i t is rcquired for installation of or modification to fire pumps and related fuel tanks, jockey pumps, controllers, and pencrators. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

2. T o install, construct or alter tank vehicles, equipment, tanks. plants, terminals. wells, fuel-dispensing stations, refiueries, distilleries and slmilar facilitics where flammable and combustible liquids are produced, processed, transported, stored, dispensed or used. 3. To install, alter, removc, abandon or othcrwise dispose of a flammable or combustible liquid tank.

105.7.7 Hazardous materials. A construction permit is required to install. repair damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 27 when the hazardous materials in use or storage exceed the amounts listed in Table 105.6.20. Exceptions: 1. Routine maintenance. 2. For emergency repair work performed on an cmergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work. 205.7.8 Industrial ovens. A construction permit is required for installation of industrial ovens covered by Chapter 21. Exceptions:

I. Routine maintenance. 2. For repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall be made within two working days of commencement of work. 105.7.9 LP-gas. A construction pcrnlit is required for installation of or modification to an LP-gas system. 105.7.10 Private fire hydrants. A construction permit is required for the installation or modification of private fire hydrants. 105.7.11 Spraying or dipping. A co~lstructionpermit is required to install or modify a spray room, dip tank or booth. 105.7.12 Standpipe systems. A construction permit is required for the installation, modification. or removal from service of a standpipe system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this code is not considered a modification and does not rcquirc a permit. 105.7.13 Temporary mernbranc structures, tents and canopies. A construction permit is required to erect an air-supported temporary membrane stl-ucture or a tent having anarea in excess of 200 square feet (19 m2),or a canopy in exccgs of 400 square feet (37 m2).

105.7.6 Flammable and combustible liquids. A construction permit is required:

Exceptions: 1. Tents used exclusively for recreational camping purposes. 2. Funeral tents and curtains or extensions attachcd thereto, when used for funeral services. 3. Fabric canopies and awnings open on all sides which comply with all of the following:

1. To repair or modify a pipeline for the transportation of flammable or co~nbustibleliquids.

3. I. Individual canopies shall have a maximum size of 700 square feet (65 m?).


3.2. Thc aggregate area of multiple catlopies placcd side by side without a fire break c l e x a ~ ~ cofe not lcss than 12 feet (3658 mm) shall not exceed 700 square feet (65 m2) total. 3.3. A min~mumclcar~nceof 12 feet (3658 mm) to structures and other tcnts shall bc maintained.

SECTION 106 lNSPECTlONS 106.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to entcr and examine any building, structure, marine vessel, vehiclc or premises in accordance with Section 104.3 for the purpose of cnforcing this code. 106.2 Inspcctions. The fire code official is authorized to conduct such inspections as are deemed necessary to determine the extent of conlpliance with thc provisions of this code and to approve reports of inspection by approved agencies or individuals. All reports of such inspections shall be prcpared and submitted in writing for review and approval. Inspection reports shall be certified by a responsible officer of such approved agency or hy the responsible individual. The fire code official is authorized to engagc such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report upon unusual, detailed or conlplex technical issues subjcct to the approval of thc governing body. 106.3 Concealed work. Whcnever any installation subject to inspcction prior to ~ i s cis covered or concealed without having first bcen ir~spectcd,thc fire code official shall have the authority to requirc that such work be exposed for inspection. 106.4 Approvals. Approval as the result of an inspection shall not be construed to be an approval of a violation of thc provisic)ns o f this code or of othcr orclinances of thc jurisdiction. Inspcctions presuming to give authority to violate or cancel provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid.

SECTION 107 MAINTENANCE 107.1 Maintenance of safeguards. Whcncver or whcrever any dcvicc. equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protcction, or any othcr featurc is rcquired for compliance with the provisions of this codc, or otherwise installed, such device, cquipmcnt, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other fcaturc shall thereafter be continuously maintained in dccordance with this code and applicable I-cferenced standards. 107.2 'l'esting and operation. Equipment requiring pcriodic testing or opcratlon to ellsurc maintenance shall be tested or opcrated as specified in this code. 107.2.1 Test and inspection records. Recluircd test and inspcction rccords shall be available to thc firc code official at all titncs or such records as the fire code official dcsignatcs shall bc filed with the firc code official.

107.2.2 Reinspection and testing. Whcrc any work or installation does not pass an initial test or inspection. the necessary corrections shall be made so as to achicve compliance with this code. The work or installation shall then bc resubmitted to the firc codc official for inspcction and tcsting. 107.3 Supervision. Maintenance and testing shall be under thc supervision oTa responsible person who shall cnsm-e that such niaintcnance and testing arc contlucted at specified intervals in accordance with lhis code. 107.4 Rendering equipment inoperable. Portablc or fixed fire-extinguishing systems or devices and firc-warning systems shall not be rendered inoperative or inaccessiblc cxccpt as necessary during cmergencics, maintcnance. rcpairs, alterations, drills or prescribed testing. 107.5 Ownedoccupant responsibility. Correction and abatcinent of violations of this code shall be tllc responsibility of the owner. If an occupant creates; or allows to be crcated, hazardous conditions in violation of this codc, the occupant shall be held responsible for the abatement of such hazardous conditions. 107.6 Overcrowding.Overcrowding or admittance of any per-son beyond the approved capacity of a building or a portion thercof shall not be allowed. The tire code official, upon finding any overcrowding conditions or obstn~ctionsin aisles, passageways or other means of egress, or upon finding any condition which constitutes a life safcty hazard, shall be authorized to cause the cvcnt to bc stopped until such condition or obstruction is corrected.

SECTION 108 BOARD OF APPEALS 108.1 Board of appeals established. In order to hear and decide appeals of orders, decisions or dctcrminations made by the firc code official relative to thc application and intc~prctation of this code. therc shall bc and is herchy crcatcd a board of appcals. The board of appcals shall be appointcd by thc govcrning body and shall hold office at its pleasure. The firc codc 0%cia1 shall bc an ex officio member of said board but shall have no vote on any matter before thc board. The board shall adopt rules of procedure for conducting its business, and shall rendcr all decisions and findings in writing to thc appellant with a duplicate copy to the firc codc official. 108.2 Limitations on authority. An application for appeal shall be based on aclaim that the intent of this code or thc rules legally adopted hereundcr have been incorrectly intcrprctcd. the provisions of this code do not fully apply, or an equivalent method of protcction or safcty is proposcd. The board shall have no authority to waivc recluiremcrits of this code. 108.3 Qualifications. The board of appeals shall consist of members who arc qualified by experience and training to pass on mattcrs pertaining to hazards of fil-c,explosions, hazardous conditions or firc protection systcms and are nut cmployccs of thc jurisdiction. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

ADMINISTRATION

SECTION 109 VIOLATIONS 109.1 Unlawful acts. It shall be unlawf~ilfor a person, firm or corporation to erect, construct, alter, repail; rcmove, demolish or utilize a building, occupancy, premises or system regulated by this code, or cause same to be done, in conflict with or in violation of any of the provisions of this code. 109.2 Notice of violation. When thc firc code official finds a building, premiscs, vehicle, storage facility or outdoor area that is in violation of this codc, the fire code official is authorized to prepare a written notice of violation describing the conditions deemed unsafe and, .when compliance is not immediate, specicyir~ga time for reinspection. 109.2.1 Service. A notice of violation issued pursuant to this code shall he served upon the owner, operator, occupant, or other person responsible for the condition or violation. either by personal service, mail, or by delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person of responsibility upon the premises. For unattended or abandoned locations, a copy of such notice of violation shall be posted on the premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the notice of violation shall be mailed by certificd mail with return receipt requested or a certificate of mailing, to the last known address of the owner. occupant or both. 109.2.2 Compliance with orders and notices. A notice of violatiorl issued or served as provided by this code shall be cornplied with by the owner, operator, occupant or other person responsible for the condition or violation to which the notice of violation pertains. 109.2.3 Prosecution ofviolations. If the noticc of violation is not complied withpromptly, the fire code official is author-i~cd to request the legal counsel of the jurisdiction to institute the approp~iatclegal proceedings at law or in equity to remaln, correct or abate such biolat~on or to require removal or termination of the unla\irful occupancy of the structure in violation of the provisions of this code or of the order or direction madc pursuant hereto. 109.2.4 Unauthorized tampering. Signs, tags or seals posted or aftixed by the fire codc official shall not bc mutilated, destroyed or tampered with or rernovecl without authorization fionl the Lire code official. 109.3 Vioiation penalties. Persons who shall violate a provision of this codc or shall fail to conlply wit11 any of the requirerncnts thereof or who shall erect, install, alter, repair or do work in violation of the approved construction documents or directive of the fire code officiall or of a permit or certificate used under provisions of this code, shall be guilty of a [SPECIFY OFFENSE], punishable by afine of not more than [AMOUNT] dollars or by inlprisonment not exceeding [NUMBER OF DAYS]. or both such fine and imprisonment. Each day that a violation continues after due noticc has been served shall be deemed a separate offense. 109.3.1 Abatement of violation. In addition to the i~nposition of the penalties herun described, the fire code official is authorized to institu~eappropriate action to prevent unlawful construction or to restrain. correct or abate a violation; or 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

to prcvcnt illegal occupancy of a structure or premises; or to stop an illegal act. conduct of busine5s or occupancy of a structure on or about any premises.

SECTION 110 UNSAFE BUILDINGS 110.1 General. If during the illspection of a premises, a building or structure or any building system. in whole or ill part, constitutes a clear and inimical threat to human life, safety or health, the fire code official shall issue such riotice or orders to remove or remedy the conditions as shall be deemed necessary in accordance with this section and shall refer the building to the building department for any repairs, alteratio~is,remodeling, removing or demolition required. 110.1.1 Unsafe conditions. Stn~cturesor existing equip~ n e n tthat are or hereafter become unsafe or deficient because of inadequate means of egress or which constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life or the public welfare, or which involve illegal or improper occupancy or inadequate maintenance, shall be deemed an unsafe condition. A vacant structure which is not secured against unauthorized entry as required by Section 31 1 shall be deemed unsafe. 110.1.2 Structural hazards. When an apparcn t structural hazard ia caused by thc faulty installation. operation or malfunction of any of the items or dcvices governed by this code, the fire code official shall ~~nmediately notify the building code official in accordance with Section 1 10.1. 110.2 Evacuation. The fire code official or the fire department official in charge of an incident shall hc authorized to order the immediate evacuation of any occupied building deemed unsafe when such building has hazardous conditio~~s that present imminent danger to building occupants. Persons so notificd shall immediately leave the structure or prenlises and shall not entel- or re-enter until authorized to do so by the fire code official or the fire department official in charge of the incident. 110.3 Summary abatement. Where conditions exist that are deemed ha7ardous to life and property, the firc code official or fire department official in charge o r the inc~dentIS :iuthorized to abate summarily such hazardous condition3 that are in violation of this code, 110.4 Abatement. The owner, operator, or occupant of a building or premises deemcd unsafe by the fire codc official shall abate or cause to be abated or corrected such unsafe conditions either by repail; rehabilitation, demolition or other approved corrective action.

SECTION 111 STOP WORK ORDER 111.1 Orcler. Whenevcr the fire code official finds any work regulated by this code being performed in a manner contrary to the provisions of this code or in a dangerous or unsafe mariner, the fire code official is authorizcd to issue a stop work ordcr. 111.2 Issuance. A stop work order ,hall be in wntlng and shall be glven to the owner oftlie property, or to the owncr's agent, or

to Lhc person cloing the work. IJpon issuance of a stop worlc order, the cited work shall immediately cease. 'The stop work order shall state thc reason for the order, and the corlditivns under which the cited work is authorized to resume.

111.3 Emergencies. Where an einergcncy esisis, the fire code official shall not bc required to give a written notice prior to atoppirlg the work. 111.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall contii~ueany work aftcr having been s e l ~ e dwith a stop work order. except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or ~msafccondition, shall bc liable to a fine of not less than [AMOUNT] dollars 01.more than [AMOUNT] dollars.


CHAPTER 2

DEFINITIONS SEC'FION 201 GENERAL 201.1 Scope. Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following words and tenns shall. for the purpoGes of lhis code, have the meanings shown in this chapter. 201.2 Interchangeability. Words used in the present tense include the future; words stated in the masculine gender include the feminine and neuter; the singular number includes the plural and thc plural, the singular. 201.3 Terms defined in other codes. Where terms are not BLII'ICZdefined rn thls code and are defincd in the hate~-~zntiotzul in,g C o ~ l e .Iiateniufio~~al F ~ l e lGas Code, lilte~rzationnl ~V~ecizut~ic~nl Code or l ) z t ~ r ~ ~ u t i oPrl zl ~ n~l/b i ~Code, ~ g such terms shall havc the meanings ascribed to them a\ in those codes. 201.4 Terms not defined. Where terms are not dcfincd through thc methods authorized by this section. such terms shall havc 01-dirrarilyaccepted meanings such as the context I11tcrn(lti01~01 Dictionaq qf the implies. I%ihster.'s Third NC)MV Erzgli.sh Ltrrcg~luge,lil~ubridged,shall be considered as provicling ordinarily accepted meanings.

SECTION 202 GENERAL DEFlNlTIBNS [B] ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS. See Section 1002.1. AEKOSOI,. See Section 2502.1. Level 1 aerosol products. See Section 2802.1. Level 2 aerosol products. Sec Section 2802.1. T,evel3 aerosol products. Scc Scction 2802.1. AEROSOI, CONTAINER. See Section 2802.1. AEROSOL WAREHOUSE. See Section 2802. I . AGENT. A person who shall have charge, care or control of any structure as owner, or agent of the owner. or as executor, executrix, administrator; administratrix, tnistcc or guardian of the estate of the owner. Any such pcrson rcprcsc~itingthe actual owner shall be bound to comply with the provisions of this code to the same cxtcnt as if that person was the owner. AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURE. See Sectio~r2402. I . AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA). Scc Section 1102.1. AIRPORT. See Section 1 102.1.

I AISLE. Sce Scction 1002. [U] AISJX ACCESSWAY. See Scction 1002.1. AIJAKM NO'I'IFICATION APPLIANCE. See Section 902.1. ALARM SICrNAL. See Section 902.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

CODE^

ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE. Sce Scction 902.1. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUE. See Section 3402.1. [EB] ALTERATION. Any constn~ctionor renovation to an existing structure other than a repair or addition. [B] ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE. Sce Section 1002.1. AMMONIUPI.1NITRATE. Sec Section 3302.1. ANNUNCIATOR. See Scction 902. I . APPROVED. ilcccptable to the fire code official. [B] AREA OF KEFUGE. See Scction 1002.I . ARRAY. See Section 2302. I . ARRAY, CLOSED. See Section 2302.1. AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APP1,IANCE. Sce Section 902.1. AUTOMATIC. See Section 902.1 AUTOMATIC FIKE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. See Section 902. I. AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. Sec Scct~on902.1. AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. See Section 2202.1. AVEKAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. See Scction 002.1. BARRICADE. See Section 3302.1 ArtiIicial barricade. See Scction 3302. I. Natural barricade. See Sccrion 3302.1. BA1ZRIICAI)F:D. See Section 3302.1. C BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONAKY LEAD ACID. Scc Scction 602.1. BATTERY TYPES. See Section 602.1 Nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery. See Scction 603.1. Nonreconibinant battery. Sce Section 602.1. Recombirlant battery. See Section 602.1. Stationary storage battery. See Section 602.1. Valve-regulated lead-acid battery. Sec Section 602. I Vented (Flooded) lead-acid battery. Sec Scction 602.1. BIN BOX. See Section 2102.1. BLAST AREA. See Section 3302. I. BLAST SITE. See Section 3301.1. BLASTER. See Section 3302.1. BLASTING AGENT. See Section 3302.1. LB] BLEACHEKS. See Section 1002.I . BOILING POINT. Sce Section 2702.1. UOKFIRE. See Section 302.1

DEFINITIONS

BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU). The heat necessary to raise the tcrnpcr;lturc of 1 pound (0.454 kg) of water by 1 "F (0.5S6S°C). BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM. See Scction 4002.1.

CONTAINER. Sec Section 2702.1. CONTAINMENT SYSTEM. See Scction 3702. I. CONTAINMENT VESSEL. See Scctioti 3702.1.

BULK PLANT OR TEIUVIINAL. See Section 3402. I.

CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. Sce Scction 1802.1.

BULK TRANSFER. See Scction 3402.1.

CONTROL AREA. See Section 2702.1.

BUI,I,ET RESISTANT. See Section 3302. I

[B] CORRLDOR. See Section 1002.1.

CANOPY. Scc Section 2402.1.

COTTON. See Section 2902.1. Baled cotton. See Scction 3902.1.

CARBON DIOXIDE EXTlNGUISHING SYSl'E&%.See Section 903.1. CARTON. A cardhoard or fi bcrboard box enclosing aproduct. CEILING LIMIT. Sce Section 2702.1. [EB] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY. A change in the purpore or levcl of activity within a building that involvcs a changc in application of the requirelncnts of this code.

Baled cotton, densely packed. See Scction 2902.1 Seed cotton. See Section 2902.1 CORROSIVE. Sec Section 31 02. I . CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. See Scction 3202. I . CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.

CHEMICAL. Scc Section 2702.1.

CRYOGENIC VESSEI,. See Scction 3202.1.

CHEMICAL NAME. See Scction 2702. I . CLEAN AGEN'I: See Section 902. I. CIJOSED CONTAINER. See Section 1702.1

CYIANDIIR. See Section 2702.1.

COLD DECK. Scc Section 1902.1.

DAY BOX. See Scction 2702.1. I DECORATIVE MATERIALS. All ~natcrialsapplicd over the building interior finish for decorative: acoustical or other effect (such as curtains, draperies, fabrics, strcamei-sand surface coverings) and all other ~natcrialsutilized for decorative effect (such as batting, cloth, cotton. hay, stalks, straw, vincs, leaves, trees. moss and similar items). including foam plastics and materials containing foam plastics. Dccorativc ~natcrials do not include floor coverings, ordinary window shades, intcrior finish and matcrials 0.025 inch (0.(>4mm) or lcss in thickness applied directly to and adhering tightly to a substrate. DEFLAGRATION. Sec Section 2702.1.

COMBUSTIBLE DUST. See Scction 1302.I .

DELUGE SYSTEM. See Section 902.1.

CONIBUSTIBLE FIBERS. Scc Section 2902.1.

DESIGN I'RESSURE. See Section 2702. I .

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUII). Sce Scction 3402. I.

DETACHED BIJILDING. See Section 2702.1.

CLOSED SYSTEM. The use of a solid or l i q ~ ~ hazardous id rnatcrial involving a closed vessel or system that remains closcd (luring nor~naloperations where vapors emitted by the product arc not libcraled outside of thc vesscl or system and the product is not csposed to the atmosphere during noi-111aloperations; and all uses o i co~npressedgases. Examples of closcd systems for solids and liquids include product conveyed through a piping system into a closcd vessel, system or piecc of ccluipinent.

Class 11. Scc Scction 3402.1. Class IIIA. Scc Section 3402.1.

DETEARING. See Scction 1502.I. DETECTOR, HEAT. Sce Scctiotl 903.1.

Class IIlS. SCCSection 3403.1.

DETONATING CORD. See Scction 3302.1.

[MI COMMEK(I1AL COOKING APPLIANCES. Scc Section 602. I .

DETONATION. Sce Section 3302.1.

COMMODITY. Sce Scction 2301.1.

DETONATOR. See Scction 3302.1. DIP TANK. See Scction 1502.1.

[B] COblMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL. See Section

DISCHARGE SlTE. Sce Section 3302.1.

1003.1.

COMPRESSED GAS. Sec Scction 3001.1. COMPRESSED GAS CON'UAINER. See Section 3002.1. COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM. See Section 3002.1. CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION. See Scction 902.1. CONSTKUCTION DOCUMENTS. The written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assc~nbledfor describing thc design, locat~onand physical characteristics of the elements of the project necessary for obtaining a permit. 14

DISPENSING. Scc Section 2702. I. DISPENSING DEVICE, OVERHEAD TYI'E. Scc Scction 2202.1. DISPLAY SITE. See Seciion 3302.1. [B] DOOR, BALANCED. Scc Section 1002. I. DRAFT CURTAIN. See Section 2302.1. DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT. Scc Section 902.1. DIZY CLEANING. Sce Section 1202.I . 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

DEFINITIONS

DRY CLEANING PLANT. Sec Scction 1202.1.

Division 1.1. See Section 3302.1.

DItY CLEANING ROOM. Sce Section1 202.1.


DRY CLEANING SYSTEM. See Section 1202.1.

Division 1.3. Sce Section 3302.1.

[B] DWELLIKG UNIT. A single unit providing complete, independent living facilities for one or ~norcpersons, including pcrmancnt provisions for living, sleeping, eating. cookirig and sanitation.


EARL\' SIJPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE (ESFR) SPRINKLER. Scc Section 2302.1.

Division 1.5. See Section 3302.1. Division 1.6. See Section 3302. I. EXPLOSIVE MA'TEKIAL. See Section 3302.1.

[B] EGRESS COURT. See Section 1002.1.

EXTRA-IIIGH-RACK CORIBUSTIBIJESTORAGE. Sce Section 2302.1.

E1,ECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED. Sce Scction 1502.1.

FABRICATION AREA. Sec Scction 1802.1.

EMERGENCY AI,AlIM SYSTEM. See Scction 902.1.

FACILITY. A building or use in a fixcd location i~iclucling cxterior storage areas for flanimable and cornbustiblc substances and 11az.ardous materials. picrs. wharves, tank fanns and similar uses. This term includes recreational vehicles, mohile home and manufactured housing parks, sales and storage lots.

EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION. See Scction 1802.1. LB] EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING. See Section 1002.1. EMERGENCY EVACU.4TION DRILL,. Sec Section 402.1. EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE. A valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.

FAIL-SAFE. A design condition incorporati~iga feature for automatically counter-acting the effect of an anticipated possible source of failure; also, a design condition eliminating or mitigating a hazardous condition by compensating automatically for a failure or malfunction.

EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VAI,VE, AUTOMATIC. A fail-safe automatic-closing valve designed to shut off thc flow of gases or liquids initiated by a control systern that is activated by automatic means.

FALLOUT AREA. Sec Section 3302.1.

EMERGENCY SNUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL. A rnanually operated v a l ~ designed e to shut off the flow of gases or liquids.

FALSE ALAKM. Thc willful and knowing initiation or transmission of a signal, message or other notification of an cvent of fire when no such danger exists.

EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Scc Scction 902.1.

FINES. See Scction 1902.1.

EXCESS FLOW' CONTROI,. See Section 2702.1. EXCESS FIA3T.1'VALVE. Scc Section 3702. I. EXHAUSTED ENC1,OSURE. See Section 2702.1. EXISTING. Bu~ldings. facilities or condition.; which are already in cx~stence.constructed or officially author~zcdprior to thc adoption of this code. [B] EXIT. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT ACCESS. Scc Section 1002.1.

[B] EXIT 1)ISCHARGE. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT ENCLOSURE. See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT, NOKIZON'L'AL.See Section 1002.1. [B] EXIT IDASSAGEWAY.See Section 1002.1. EXPANDED VIAASTIC.See Scction 2002.1. EXPLOSION. Sce Scction 2702.1. EXPLOSIVE. See Scction 3301.1. High ISxplosive. Sec Scction 3302.1. Low Explosive. See Section 3302.1. Mass-detonating Explosives. See Section 3302.1. UNlDOTn Class 1 Explosives. See Section 3302.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

FIRE ALARM. Thc giving. signali~igor transmission to any public fire station, or company or to any officer or cmployec thereof, whether by telephone, spoken word or othcrwise, of inforniatio~ito the effect that there is a fire at or ncar thc place indicatecl by the person giving, signaling, or transmitting such information. FIIaE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. Sec Scction 902.1. FIRE ALARM CONTROI, UNIT. Sec Section 902. I. FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. See Section 902.1. PIKE ALARM SYSTEM. See Section 902.1. FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD. See Section 502.1. FIRE AREA. See Seclion 902.1. FIRE CHIEF. Thc chicf officcr of the fire depar-tment scrving the jurisdiction, or a duly authorized rcpresentativc. FIRE CODE OFFICIAL. Thc fire chicf or other designated authority charged with Lhe adnlinistration and enforccnicnt of the code, or a duly authorizcd represcntati~re. FIRE COMMAND CENTER. See Section 502.1. FIRE DEPAHTNIENT MASTER KEY. Sec Scctio~i502.1. FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. Sce Section 902.1. [B] FIRE: DOOR ASSEMBLY. Any combination of a fire door. frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.

DEFINITIONS

[I$]FIRE EXIT HARD'61'AIIE. See Section 1002.1.

FURNACE CLASS C. See Section 2 102.I .

FIRE LANE. Sce Section 502.1.

FURNACE CLASS I). See Section 2102.1.

[El FIR12 PARTITION. A vertical assembly of materials designcd to restrict the spread of tire in which openings are protcctcd.

GAS CABINE't'. See Section 2702.1.

ITIRE POINT. See Section 3402.1. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. See Section 902.1. FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Sec Section 902.1. FIRE WATCH. A temporary lneasurc intended to ensure continuous and systematic surveillance of a building or portion thercof by one or morc qualified individuals for thepurposcs of identifying and controlling firc hazards, detecting early signs of unwantcd firc, rais~ngan alarm of firc and notifying the firc department. FIREWORKS. Scc Scction 3302.1. Fireworks, 1.4G. Sce Scction 3302.1. Fireworks, 1.3G. See Scction 3302.1. FIREWORKS DISPLAY. See Section 3302.1. FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID. See Section 3202.1.

GAS ROOM.

Section 2702,

[B] GRANDSTAND. See Scction 1002.I. [B] GIJ.4RD. See Section 1002.1. HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING S'I'STEM. See Section 902.1.

HANDLING.

IB1

seesection 2701.1.

HANDRAIL. See Section 1002.1.

1-fiZARI)OU MATERIAC.

seesection 2702. [ ,

HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM). See Section 1802.1. HEALTH HAZARD. Scc Scction 2702.1. HELIPORT. See Section 1 102.1. HELISTOP. See Scction I 102.1. HI-BOY. See Section 302.1.

FLAMMAB1,E FPNISFIES. See Scction 1502.1

HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. Sec Scction 2302.1.

FLAMMAB1,E GAS. Sce Scction 3502.1.

I1IGH-PILED STORAGE AREA. Scc Section 2102.1.

FLAMMABLE LIQUEFlED GAS. See Section 3502.1

HIGHLY TOXIC. Sec Scction 3702.1.

FLAMMABLE LIQUID. Sce Scction 3302. I .

HIGIiliY VOLATILE LIQUID. A liqucficd compressed gas with a boiling point of Icss than 68°F (20°C).

Class IA. Scc Section 3402.1. Class IU. Scc Section 3402. I.

HIGHWAY. Sce Section 3302.1.

Class IC. See Scction 3402.1.

HOGGED MKL'ERMI,S. Sec Section 1902.1.

FLAMMABLE MA'rERIAI,. A ~natcrialcapable of being readily ignitcd from coiilmon sources of heat or at a temperaturc of 600°F (3 16°C) or lcss.

[MI WOOD. Scc Section 602.1.

F1,AMMAULE SOLID. See Section 3602.1.

HOT WORK AREA. See Scction 2602.1.

FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA. See Section 1502.1.

HOT WORK EQUIPMENT. Scc Section 2602.1.

FIAAMMABLEVAPORS OR FUMES. Sec Section 2702.1.

NOT WORK PERMITS. See Section 2602.1.

Q p e 1. See Scction 602.1.

HOT WORK. See Section 2602.1.

FLASH POINT. See Section 3402.1.

HOT WORK PROGRAM. Sce Section 2602.1.

F L E E T VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. Scc Scction 2102.1.

HPM FI,AMMABLE LIQUID.

[B] FLOOR AREA, GROSS. See Section 1002.1.

seesection 1802.1,

HPM ROOM. See Section 1802.1.

[B] FLOOR AREA, NET. Sce Section 1002.1.

IMMEDIATELYDANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (ID1,H). Sce Section 2702.1.

FLUIDIZED BED. Sce Section 1502.1.

IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. Sce Section 902.1.

FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. Sec Section 902.1.

INCOMPAT~BLE MATERIALS. seesectiorI 2702.1.

[B] FO1,DlNG AND TELESCOPIC SEATING. Sec Section 1002.I .

INHABITED BUILDING. set section 3302.1.

IWEL LIMIT SWITCH. Sce Section 3402.1. FUMIGANT. Scc Section 1702.1. FI:MIGATION. See Section 1702.1. FURNACE CLASS A. Sec Scction 2102.1. FURNACE CLASS B. See Scct~on21 02.1.

INITIATING DEVICE. See Scction 902.1. IRKHTAN'E: A chemical which is not corrosivc, hut which causes a re\rersible inflamn~atorveffcct on livincr tissuc bv chemical action at the site of contact. A chemical is a skin irritant if, when tested on the intact skin of albino rabbits by the methods of CPSC 16CFR Part 1500.41 for an exposure of four or more hours or by othcr appropriate techniqucs. it results in

DEFINITIONS

an empirical score of 5 or more. A chen~icalis classified as an eyc irritant if so dctemlined under the procedure l~stedin CPSC I6CFR Part 1500.42 or other approved techniques.

MECI-IANICAL STOCKING METHODS. See Section 2302.1.

KEY BOX. Sec Scction 502.1 LABELED. Equipment or material to which has been attached

[B] MERCHANDISE PAD. See Section 1002.

a label, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally rccognized testing laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of lal>eledequipil~entor materials, and by whose labeling is indicated compliance with nationally rccognized standards or tests to dctern~inesuitablc usage in a spccifietl mnnncr.

MEMBRANE STRIJCTURE. See Section 2402.1 MOBILE FUELING. See Section 3402.1. MORTAR. Scc Section 3302.1. R/IUI,TIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. See Section 002.1. MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Sec Scction 902.1.

LIMITED SPIiAYlNG SPACE. See Scction 1502.1.

NESTING. See Section 3002.1.

LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG). See Scction 2202.1.

NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGITT (net weight). Scc Section 3302.1.

LIQUEFIED PETROLEURI GAS (LP-gas). See Section 3802.1. FAQUID. See Section 2702.1. LIQUID STORAGE: ROOM. See Section 3402.1.

I LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. Sec Scction 3402.1 LISTED. Equipment or materials included on a list published by an approved tcsting laboratory, inspection agency or other organization concerned with current product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or matcrials, and wl~osrlisting states that equipment or materials comply with approved nationally recognizcd standards and have been tested or evaluated and found suitable for usc in a specified manner. LONGITU1)INAL FLUE SR4CE. Sec Section 2302.1. LOW-PRESSURE TANK. Sce Section 3202.1. 1,OWEIi EXPIAOSIVELIMIT (LEL). See Section 2702.1. LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL). See Section 2702.1. MAGAZINE. Sec Scction 3302.1. Indoor. See Section 3302.1. Type I. See Scction 3302.1. Type 2. See Section 3302. I. Type 3. Sce Scction 3302.1. Type 4. Scc Section 3302.1. Type 5. Scc Section 3302.1. MAGNESIUM. Sec Section 3602.1. MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX. See Section 902.1. MANIIAL STOCKING METHODS. Sec Section 2302.1. MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACI1,ITI'. See Section 2202.1. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS). Sec Scction 1702.1 . MAXIMUM ALI,OWABI,E QUANTITY PER CON'LIZOL, AREA. See Section 2702.1. [B] MEANS OF EGRESS. Scc Section 1002.1. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

NORMAL, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (NTP). See Scction 2702.1.

[Bl NOSING. See Section 1002.1. NUISANCE ALARM. Sec Scction 902.1. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION. For the purposcs of this code. ccrtaln occupancies are defined as Sollows: [B] Assembly Group A. Assc~nblyGroup A occupancy includes, among others, thc usc of a building or structurc, or a portion thereof, for the gathering together of persons for purposes such as civic, social or religious functions: recrcation, food or drink consumption; or awaiting transportation. Exceptions: 1. A building used for assembly pulposes with an occupant load of less than 50persons shall bc classified as a Group B occupancy. 2. A room or space used for asscrnbly purposcs with an occupant load of lcss than 50pcrsons and acccssory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or classified as part of that occupancy. 3. A room or space used for assembly purposcs that is lcss than 750 squarc fect (70 n12) in arca and is accessory to another occupancy shall be classified as a Group B occupancy or classified 21s part of that occupancy. Assembly occupancics shall i n c l ~ ~ the d e following:

A-1 Asscmbly uses. usually with fixed seating, intendcd for thc production and viewing of performing arts or motion pictures including but not li~liitcdto: Motion picture theaters Symphony and conccrt halls Televison and radio studios admitting an audience Theaters

A-2 Assembly uses intendcd for food andor drink consumption including, but not limilcd to: Banquet halls Night clubs

DEFINITIONS

Rcsta~lrants Tavcrnc and bars

A-3 Asscmbly uscs intended for worship, recreation or amuscment and other assembly uses not classified clsewhere in Group A, including. but not limited to:

I

A~nusementarcades .~alleries Art Bowling alleys Community halls coul.trooms Dance halls (not including food o r drink consumption) Exhibition halls Funeral parlors Gymnasiu~ns(without spectator seating) Indoor swimming pools (without spectator seating) Indoor tennis courts (without spectator seating) Lecture halls Libraries Museums Places of religious worship Pool and billiard parlors Waiting areas in transportation terminals

A-4 Assembly uses intended for viewing of indoor sporting events and activities with spectator seating including, but not limitcd to: Arenas Skating rinks Swimming pools Tennis courts

A-5 Asscmbly uses intended for participation in or viewing outdoor activities including, but not limited to: Amusement park structures Blcachcrs Grandstands Stadiums

[Bj Business Group B. Busincss Group B occupancy includes, among othcrs, the use of a building or structurc, or a portion thereof, for oftice, professional or servicc-type transactions, including storage of records and accounts. Busincss occupancies shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

I

Airport traffic control towers Animal hospitals, kennels and pounds Banks Barber and bcauty shops Car wash Civic adnlinistration Clinic-outpatient Dry cleaning and laundries; pick-up and delivery stntions and self-selvice Educational occupancies for students above the 12th grade Electronic data processing Laboratories; testing and research Motor vehicle showroon~s Post offices

Print shops Professional services (architects, attorneys, denlists. physicians. enginecrs, etc.) Radio and television stations Telephone exchanges Training and skill devclopnlent not within a school or academic program

[B] Educational Group E. Educational Group E occupancy includes. among others, thc use of a building or structure, or a portion thereof. by six or more persons at any onc timc for educational purposes through the 12th grade. Religious educational rooms and religious auditoriums. which are accessory to places of religious worship in accordance with Section 508.3.1 of the Inten~cltiollolBuilding Code and have occupant loads of less than 100. shall be classified as Group A-3 occupancies. Day care. Thc use of a building or structurc, or portion thereof, for educational. supervision or pcrsonal care services for more than five children older thau 2'1, ycars of age shall be classified as an E occupancy.

[B] Factory Industrial Group F. Factory Industrial Group Foccupancy includes, among others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thcreof, for assembling, disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations that arc not classified as a Group H high-hazard or Group S storage occupancy. 'actory Inalustrial F-l Moderate-hazard Occupancy. Factory Industrial uses which arc not classified as Factory Industrial Group F-2 shall hc clasified as F-1 Moderate Hazard and shall include, but not be liirlited to, the following: Aircraft Appliances Athletic equipment Autoniobiles and other motor vehicles Bakeries Beverages; over 12 percent in alcohol content Bicycles Boats Brooms or brushes Busincss machines Cameras and photo equipment Canvas and similar fabric Carpet and rugs (includes cleaning) Disinfectants Dry clcaning and dyeing Electric generation plants Electronics Engines (including rebuilding) Food processing Furniture Hemp products Jute prod~~cts Laundries Leather products Machinery Metals Millwork (sash and doors) 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

DEFINITIONS

Motion picture and televisinn filming (without spectators) Musical instruments Optical goods Paper mills or products Photographic film Plastic products Printing or publishing Recreational vehicles Refuse incineration Shoes Soaps and detergents Textiles Tobacco Trailers Upholstering Wood: distillation Woodworking (cabinet)

[ B ] Factory Industrial F-2 Low-hazard Occupancy. Factory industrial uses involving the fabrication or manufacturing of ~loncombustiblematerials which, during finishing, packaging or processing do not in>ol\ea significant fire hazard, shall be classified as Group 1;-2(yccupancies and shall include, but not be liniitcd to, the l'ollowing: L

Beverages; up to and including 12 percent alcohol content Brick and masonry Ceramic products Foundries Glass products Gypsum Ice Metal products (fabrication and assembly)

I

,

I

I I

Buildings and structures occupicd for the application of flammable finishes, provided that such buildings or areas conform to the requirements of Scction 416 of the Intei-i~utionulBciildirrg Code and Chapter 15 of this code. Wholesale and retail salcs and storage of fani~nableand combustible liquids in mercantile occupancies conforming to Chapter 34. Closed piping systems containing flamn~ableor combustiblc liquids or gases utilized for the (?peration of machinery or equipment. Cleaning establishments that utilize combustiblc liquid solvents having a flash point of 140°F (60°C) or higher in closed systems employing equipment listed by an approvcd testing agency, proi~idedthat this occupancy is separated from all other areas of the building by 1 -hour fire harriers constructed in accordance with Section 706 of the bltenzatiorzol Ritilrliny Code or I-hour horizontal asseniblics constructed in accordance Blcil~lirzg with Section 7 1 1 of the I~ztcr~zutioizul Code, or both. Clean~npestablishments that utilize a liquid solvent having a flash point at or abovc 200°F (93°C). Liquor stores anrl dislributors without bulk storage. Rcfrigeration systems. The storage or utilization of materials for agricultural purposes on the premises.

High-hizard Group H . High-hazard Group H occupancy includes. alllong others, the use of a building or structure, or a portion thcrcof, that involves the manufacturing, processing. generation or storage of materials that const~tutea physical or health hazard in quantities in excess of quantitics allowed in control areas constructed and located as required in Section 2703.8.3. Hazardous uses are classified in Groups H-I, H-2,II-3, H-3 andH-5 and shall be in accordance with this codc and the requirements of Scction 41 5 of thc Olteriiution~rlBuilding Code.

Stationary batteries utilized for facility emergcncy power, uninterrupted power supply or telecommunication facilities, provided that the batteries are pruvided with safety venting caps and ventilation is provided in accordancc with the Iizterncztior~nlMechaizicui Co&.

Exceptions: 7'hc following shall not be classified in Group H, but shall bc classificd In the occupancy that thcy nlost nearly rewnble:

Buildings and structures occupicd for aerosol storage shall be clas~ificdas Group S- I , providcd that such buildings confonn to thc requirements of Chapter 28.

I . R~r~ldings and structures that contain not more than the maxirnum allowable quantities per control area of hazardous materials as shown in Tables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2), provided that such buildings alc ~naintaincdin accordance with this code. I

area of hazar-dous materials as shown in l'ables 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2).

2. Buildings utilizing control areas in accordance with Section 2703.8.3 that contain not morc than the maximum allowable quantities per control


Corrosives shall not include personal or household products In their or~ginalpackaging used in rctail display or conllnonl y used bu~lding~naterials.

Display and storagc of nonflammable solid and nonflarnniable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials in quantities not exceeding thc maximum allowable quantity per control area in Group M or S occupancies complying wit11 Section 2703.8.3.5. The storage of black powder, smolzelcss propellant and small arms primers in Groups M and R-3

arid special industrial explosive devices in Groups B, F, M and S, provided such storage conforms to the quantity limits and requirements of this code.

High-hazard Group H-1. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detonation hazard, shall be classified as Group H- I. Such materials shall include, but not be lirnited to, the following: Explosives: Division 1.1 Division 1.2 Division 1.3

Exception: Materials that are used and maintained in a form where either confinement or configuration will not elevate the hazard from a mass fire to mass explosion hazard shall be allowed in Group H-2 occupancies. Division 1.4

11:xception: Articles. including articles packaged for shipment, that are not regulated as an cxplosive under Bureau of Alcohol. Tobacco and Firearms regulations, or unpackaged articles used in process operations that do not propagate a detonation or detlagration between articlcs shall be allowed in Group H-3 occupancies. Division 1.5 Division 1.6 Organic peroxides, unclassified detonablc Oxidizers, Class 4 Unstable (reactive) materials. Class 3 detonable, and Class 4 Detonable pyrophoric materials

High-hazard Group H-2. Buildings and structures containing materials that pose a detlagration hazard or a hazard fro111 accelerated burning, shall be classified as Group H-2. Such xia ate rials shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Class I. or 11 or lllA fla~nmableor combustible liqopen conuids which are used or stored in no~~mally tainers or systems, or in closed containers or systems prcssurizcd at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge Coinbustible dusts Cryogenic fluids, flalnmablc Flammable gases Organic peroxides, Class 1 Oxidizers, Class 3, that are uscd or stored in norrnaily open containers or systemsl or in closed containers or systems pressurized at more than 15 pounds per square inch (103.4 kPa) gauge Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gascs, nondetonable Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 3, nondetonable Water-reactive materials, Class 3

High-hazard Group H-3. Buildi~igsand str~~ctures containing materials that rcadily support combustion or that

pose a physical hazard shall be classified as Group H-3. Such materials shall include. but not be limited to, thc following: Class 1, I1 or IIIA tlanlmable or co~nbustibleliquids that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per square inch gauge (103.4 kPa) or less Combustible fibers? other than tlcnsely packed balcd cotton Consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C, Common) Cryogenic fluids. oxidizing Flammable solids Organic peroxides; Class I1 and JII Oxidizers, Class 2 Oxidizers, Class 3, that are used or stored in normally closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 pounds per squarc inch gauge (103 kPa) or less. Oxidizing gases Unstable (reactive) materials, Class 2 Water-reactive materials7Class 3-

High-hazard Group H-4. Buildings and structures which contain materials that are health hazards shall bc classified as Group H-4. Such materials shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Corrosives Highly toxic materials Toxic materials

High-hazard Group EI-5. Se~niconductorfabrication facilities and comparable rcsearch and tievelopmcnt areas in which hazardous production materials (HPM) are used and the aggregate quantity of materials is in excess of those listed in Tablcs 2703.1.1(1) and 2703.1.1(2) shall be classified as Group 13-5. Such facilities and areas shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Section 4 15.8 of the Irztet-iintiorzal Ruilclitzg Code.

[B] Institutional Group I. institutional Group I occupancy includcs, among others. the use of a building or structure. or ' a a portion thereof. in which people, cared for or living ~n supervised environn~entand having physical limitations because of health or age, are harbored for medical treatment or other care or treatment, or in which people are detained for penal or correctional purposes or in which the liberty of the occupants is restricted. Institutional occupancies shall be classified as Group 1-1,I-2, 1-3 or 1-4.

Group 1-1. 'This occupancy shall include buildings, structures or parts thereof housing more than 16 persons, s e age, rncntal disability on a 24-hour basis. who b e c a ~ ~of or other reasons, live in a supervised residential unvironlnent that provides personal carc services. The occupants are capable of responding to an emergency situation without physical assistance from staff. This group shall include, but not be limited to. the i'ollowing: Alcohol and drug centers Assisted living facilities Congregate carc facilities Convalescent facilities

DEFINITIONS

Group homes Half-way houses Residential board and care facilities Social rehabilitation facilities

A facility such as the above with five or fewer persons shall be classifiedas Group R-3 or shall comply with the 11ztetnnriannl Kpsidelzrinl Code in accordance with Section I 0 1.2 of the lritcrrlutiolzal Bclildirlg Code. A facility such as above, housing at least six and not niorc than 16 persons, shall be classified as Group R-4.

[B] Group 1-2. This occupancy shall include buildings and structures used for medical, surgical, psychiatric, nursing or custodial care on ;i 24-hour basis of more than five persons who are not capable of self-preservation. This group shall il~clude.but not bc limited to. the following: Hospitals Nurs~nghomes (both intermediate care facilit~esand slillbe a portable fire extin-

OPEN BURNING. The burning of ~natcrialswherein prod-

guisher coinplyilig with Section 906 and with a minimum 40-B:C rating within 25 fcet (7620 mm) of each asphalt (tar) kettle during the period buch kettle is being utilized. Additionally. the]-cshall be one portable fire extinguisher with a lninirnurn 3-A:40-B:C rating on the roof bcing covered.

purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown herein.

BONFIRE. An outdoor fire utilized for cerenio~~ial purposes.

ucts of conibustion are emitted directly into the ambient air without passing th~ougha stack or chimney from an enclosed chamber. Open burning does not include road flares, smuclgepots arid siliiilardcvices associated with safety or occupational uses typically considered open flames or recrcational tires. For the purpose of this definition. a chamber shall be regarded as enclosed when. during the timecombustion occurs. only apertures. ducts, stacks. flues or chimneys necessary to provide combustion air and pcrmit the escape of exhailst gas are open.

POWERED PNDUSTKIAL TRUCK. A forklift, tractor. platform lift truck or motorized halid truck powered by an clectrical motor or internal conibustion engine. Powered industrial trucks do not include farm vehicles or automotive vehicles for highway use.

RECKEATlONAL FIRE. An outdoor fire burning materials other than rubbish where the fuel bcing burned is not contained in an incincrntor, outdoor rircplacc. h;lrbcquc grill or harl~equc pit and has a total fuel area of 3 feet (914 mni) or less in dinmeter and 2 feet (6 10 nim) or less in height for pleasure, religious, ccrcmonial, cooking, warnith or similar put-posas.

SECTION 303 ASPHALT KETTLES 303.1 'li-ansporting. Asphalt (tar) kettle5 shall not be transported over any highway, road or street when the heat source for the ketlle is operating.

Esception: A\phalt (tar) Itcttlcs in the process of patching road surface\.


303.6 Lids. Asphalt (tar) kettles shall be ccluippetl with tight-fitting lids.

303.7 H i - b o y s . H i - b o y s s h a l l b c c o n s t r u c t e d of noncomhnstible materials. H i boys shall bclimitedto a cllpacity of 55 gallons (205 L). Fuel sourccs or heating elements shall not be allowed as part of a hi-boy.

303.8 Woofing kettles. Roofing kettles shall b e constructed of noncombustible lnaterials.

303.0 Fuel containers under air pl-essl~re.Firel containers that operate under air prcssure shall not exceed 20 gallons (76 L) in capacity and shall be approved.

SECTION 304 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL 304.1 Waste acc~lmulationprohibited. Cornbustiblc waste e shall not be allowed to accuniumaterial creatlng a f ~ r hazard late in buildings or StrLtctures or upon prcmiscs.

304.1.1 Waste material. Accuriiulations of wastcpapcr, wood; hay. straw, weeds. littcr or conibustible or flamrn;tl)lc waste or rubbish of any type shall not be permitted to remain on a roof or in any court. yard. vacant lot, alley, parking lot. open space, or bencath a grandstand, bleacher, pier, wharf. vehicle or other similar manufactured honic. recrccatio~~al stnicture.

I

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE

304.1.2 Vegetation. Wecds, grass, vincs or othcr growth that is caipahle of being ignited and endangering property. shall be cut down and rcnlovcd by the owner or occupant of thc premises. Vegetation clearance requirements in urban-wildland interface arcas shall be in accordance with the hzten~ntiotzalWilrllatlcl-Ut-banItztetfare Code.

tible material including co~nbustiblewalls and partitions or within 2 fcet (610 rnm) of openings to buildings.

Exception: The nlininlum required separation distance to ) other combustible materials shall be 2 fect (610 ~ n m whcrc the material is depositcd in a covcrcd, noncombustible receptacle placed on a noncombustible floor, ground surface or stand.

304.1.3 Space underneath seats. Spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall be kept free from cornbustible and flammable materials. Except whereenclosed in not less than I-hour fire-resistance-rated construction in accordance with thc International Building Code, spaces underneath grandstand and bleacher seats shall not be occupied or utiliz,ed for purposes other than means of egress.

305.3 Open-flame warning devices. Open-flamc warning devices shall not he uscd along an excavation. road, or any placc whcre the dislodgment of such dcvice might permit thc dcvice to roll, fall or slide on to any area or land containing conlbustible material.

304.2 Storage. Storage of combustible rubbish shall not product conditions that will create a nuisance or a hazard to the public health. safety or welfare.

305.4 Deliberate or negligent burning. Jt shall be unlawful to deliberately or through negligence set fire to or causc the burlling of combustible material in such a manner as to endanger thc safety of persons or property.

304.3 Containers. Co1nbustiblc rubbish, and waste material kept within a structure shall be stored in accordancc with Sections 304.3.1 through 304.3.3. 304.3.1 Spontaneous ignition. Materials susceptible to spontaneous ignition, such as oily rags, shall be stored in a listed disposal container. Contents of such containers shall bc removed and disposed of dai1.y. 304.3.2 Capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet. Containers with a capacity exceeding 5.33 cubic feet (40 gallons) (0.15 m') shall bc providcd with lids. Containers and lid:, shall be constri~ctedof noncoinbustihle materials or approved combustible niaterials. 304.3.3 Capacity exceeding 1.5 cubic yards. Dumpsters and containers with an individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards 140.5 cubic fcet ( I . 15 m3)] or morc shall not be storcd in buildings or placcd within 5 fcct (1524 mm) of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eavc lincs. Exceptions: 1. Dumpsters or containers in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed throughout in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3.

2. Storage in a structure shall not be prohibited where thc structure is of Type I or UA con:,tr.uction, located not less than 10 feet (3048 m ~ nfrom ) othcr buildings and used exclusively for dun~psteror container storage.

SECTlON 305 lGNlTlON SOURCES 305.1 Clearance froin ignition sources. Clearance bctween

I ignition sourccs. such as luminaires, hcatcrs, flame-producing devices and combustible matcrids. shall hc maintained in an approved manner.

305.2 Hot ashes and spontaneous ignition sources. Hot ashcs, cinders, smoldering coals or greasy or oily materials subject to spontancous ignition shall not be dcpositcd in acornbustible reccptaclc, within 10 feet (3048 mm) of other combus-

SECTION 306 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS AND FILM 306.1 Motion picture projection rooms. Electr~carc, xenon or othcr light source projection equipment which dei~clopshazardous gases, d u ~ tor radiation and the projection of ribbon-type cellulose nitrate fil~n,regardless of the light source used in projection, shall be operated within a lnotion picturc projection room complying with Section 409 of the Itrtei-lwtional Building Code. 306.2 Cellulose nitrate fihn storage. Storagc of cellulose nitratc film shall be in accordancc with NFPA 40.

SECTION 307 OPEN BURNING AND RECREATIONAL FIRES 307.1 General. A person shall not kindle or maintain or authorize to be kindlcd or maintained any open burning unless conducted and approved in accordance with this section. 307.1.1 Prohibited open burning. Open burning that is offensive or objcctionablc becausc of smoke or odor ernissions or when atmospheric conditions or local circumstances makc S L I C ~ fires I hazardous shall be prohibited. 307.2 Permit required. A permit shall be obtaincd from thc firc code official in accordance with Scctiori 105.6 prior to kindling a fire for recognized silvicultural or range or wildlife management practices, prevention or control of diseasc or pests, or a bonfire. Application for such approval shall only be presented by and permits issued to the owncr of thc land upon which the fire is to be kindled. 307.2.1 Authorization. Where rcquircd by statc or local law or regulations, open burning ?hall only be pcnnittcd with prior approval fiom the state or local air and water quality management authority, provided that all conditions specified in the authorization are followed. 307.3 Extinguishment authority. Thc ilre code official is authorized to order thc extinguishment by thc permit holder, another person responsible or thc fire dcpartnient of opcu burn2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE

ing that creates or adds to a hazardous or ob.jectionable situation.

307.4 Location. The locarion for open burning shall not be less than 50 feet (1 5 240 mm) tiom any structure, and provisions shall be made to prevent the fire from spreading to within 50 feet ( I 5 340 mm) of any structure.

Exceptions:

I . Fires in approved contail~ersthat are not less than 15 fcct (4572 mm) from a structure. 2. 'The m i n ~ ~ n urequired m distance from a structure shall bc 25 fect (7620 mm) where the pile size is 3 fect (914 mm) or lcss in diameter and 2 fcet(610 mm) orlcss in height.

307.4.1 Bonfires. A bontlrc shall not be conducted within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a stmctul-e or combustible material unlcss thc fire is contained in a barbecue pit. Conditions which could cause a tire to spread within 50 feet (15 240 mm) of a structure shall be elin~inatcdprior to ig~~ition. 307.4.2 Recreational tires. Recreational fires shall not be conducted within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure or combustible ~naterial.Conditions which could cause a fire to spread within 25 feet (7620 mm) of a structure shall be eliminated prior to ignition. 307.5 Attendance. Open burning, bonfires or recreational fires shall be constarltly attended until the fire is extirlguishcd. A minimum of one portable fire extinguisher con~plyingwith Section 906 with a minimum 4-A rating or other approved on-site fire-extinguishing equipment, such as dirt, sand, water barrel. garden hose or water truck, shall be available for immediate ~~tilization.

Exceptions:

1. One- and two-family dwellings. 2. Where buildings, balconies and decks are protccted by an automatic sprinkler systcm.

308.3.1.1 Liquefied-petroleum-gas-fueled cooking devices. LP-gas burners having an LP-gas container u ith a water capacity greater than 2.5 pounds [nominal 1 pound (0.354 kg) LP-gas capac~tylshall not be located on combustible balconies or within 1 0 feet (3043 mm) of comb~~slible construction. Exception: One- and two-family dwellings. 308.3.2 Open-flame decorative devices. Open-flame decorative cleviccs shall comply with all of the following restrictions: 1. Class I and Class XI liquids and LP-gas shall not bc used. 2. L,iquid- or solid-fueled lighting devices containing c l self-extinmore than 8 ounces (237 ml) of f ~ ~must guish and not leak fuel at a rate of morc than 0.7-5 tcaspoon per minute (I .26 ml per minutc) if tipped over.

3. The dekice or holder ?hall be constructed to prevent the sp~llageof liquid fucl or wax at the rate of morc than 0.25 teaspoon pcr minute ( I .26 ml per minute) whcn the device or holder is not in an upright po+ tion.

4. Thc device or holder shall be designed so that it will return to the upright position after being tiltcd to an angle of 45 degrees from vertical.

SECTION 308 OPEN FLAMES 308.1 General. This section shall control open flames, fire and burning on all premises. 308.2 Where prohibited. A person shall nor take or utilize ;In open flarnc or light in a structure. vessel, boat or other place whcre highly flammable, co~nbustihleor explosive material is utilized or storcd. Lighting appliances shall be well-secured in aglass globc and wire mesh cagc or asimilar approved device. 308.2.1 Throwing or placing sources of ignition. No person shall throw or place, or cause to be thrown or placed. a lighted ~natch,cigar, cigarette, matches, or othcr flaming or glowing substance or object on ally surface or article wherc it can cnuse an unwanted f i c . 308.3 Open flame. A person shall not utilize or allow to be utilized, an open flame in connection with a public mceting- or gathering for purposes of deliberation, worship, entefiainment, amusement, instruction. cducation. recreation. awaiting transportation 01-similar purpose In Group A or E occupancies without first obta~nlnga pcrmit in accordancc with Section 105.6.

-

308.3.1 Opm-flame cooking devices. Charcoal burncrs and othcr open-flame cooking dcvices shall not be operated


on combustible balconies or within 10 fect (3048 mm) of combustible construction.

Exception: Devices that sclf-cxtingu~shif lipped ovcr and do not spill fuel or wax at the rate of more than 0.25 tcaapoon per nlinute (1.26 ml per minute) if tipped ovcr. 5 . The flame shall be enclosed except whcre openings on the side are not more than 0.375 inch (9.5 min) diameter or wherc openings are on the top and the distance to the top is S L I Cthat ~ a piece of tissue paper placed on the top will not ignite in I O seconds.

6. Chimneys shall be made of noncombustible materials and securely attached to the open-flame dcv~ce.

Exception: A chimncy is not required to bc attached to any open-flame device that will sclf-extinguish if thc d e v ~ c eis tipped ovcr.

7. Fuel canisters shall bc safely sealcd fc~rstorage.

8. Storage and handling of coinbustible liquidh shall be in accordance with Chapter 34. 9. S h a d e ? , w h e r e u s c d , s h a l l b e m a d e of noncombustible materials and securcly att,ichcd to the open-flame device holder or chimney.


10. Candelabras with flame-lighted candles shall be

securely fastened in place to prevent overturning, and shall be located away from occupants using the area and away from possible contact with drapes, curtains or othcr combustibles.

308.3.3 1,ocationnear combustibles. Open flames such as fronl candles, lanterns, kerosene hcaters, and gas-fired heatcrs shall not be localed on or near decorative material or similar combustible materials. 308.3.4 Aisles and exits. Candles shall be prohibited in area5 wherc occupants stand, or in an aisle or cxit. 308.3.5 Religious ceremonies. When, in the opinion of the firc code official, adequate safeguards have been taken: participants in religious ceremonies arc allowed to cany hand-held candles. Hand-held candlcs shall not be passed from one person to another while lighted. 308.3.6 Theatrical performances. Wherc approved, open-flame deviccs used in cor~junctionwith theatrical pcrformances arc allowed to be used when adequate safety precautions have been taken in accordance with NFPA 160. 308.3.7 Group A occupancies. Open-flame devices shall not bc iiscd in a Group A occupancy. Exceptions: 1. Open-flame dcvices are allowed to be used in the following situations. providcd approved precautions are taken to prevcnt ignition of a coinbustible ~natcrialor injury to occupants:

1.1. Wherc neccssary for ccrenionial or religious purposes in accordance with Scction 308.3.5. 1.2. On stages and platforms as anceessary part of a perfonnancc in accordance with Section 308.3.6. 1.3. Wherc candlcs on tables are securcly supported on substantial noncombustible bases and the eandlc flames are protectcd.

2. Hcat-producing equipment complying with Chapter (7 and the hlien~ationnlMeclzcu~ictrlCode. 3. Gas lights arc allowed to be used provided adequate precautions satisfactory to the fire code official are takcn to prevcnt ignition of combustible ~~~atcrials.

308.3.8 Group K-2 dormitories. Candles. incense and itenls shall not be allowcd in similar open-flatne-produci~~g sleeping units in Group R-2 dormitory occupancies. 308.4 Torches for removingpaint. Persons utilizing a torch or other flame-producing device for-rcmoving paint from a structure shall provide a ininitnu111of o ~ l portable e fire extinguisher complying with Scction 906 and with a minimum 4-A rating, two poi-tablc firc extinguishers, cach with a minimum 2-A rating, or a water hosc connected to the water supply on the prcniiscs where such burning is done. The person doing l11c burning shall remain on the preiniscs 1 hour after thc torch or flarnc-producing device is utilized. 30

308.4.1 Permit. A pcrmit in accordance with Section 105.6 shall be seciued from the fire code official prior to the utllization of a torch or flame-producing device to removc paint from a structure. 308.5 Open-flame devices. Torches and othcr dc\ices, machines or processes liable to start or cause firc shall not bc operated or used in or upon hazardous fire areas, cxcept by a permit in accordancc with Section 105.6 securcd fro111the fire code official. Exception: Use within inhabited prcmises or clcsignated campsites which are a minimurn of 30 fcet (9 144 mm) fi-on1 grass-, grain-, brush- or forest-covered areas. 308.5.1 Signals and markers. Flame-employing deviccs, such as lanterns or kerosene road flares, shall not be operatcd or used as a signal or marker in or upon hazardoux fire areas. Exception: The proper use of fusees at thc sccnes of emergencies or as required by standard railroad operating procedures. 308.5.2 Portable fueled open-flame devices. Portable open-flame dcvices fueled by fla~nmablcor con~bustible gases or liquids shall be enclosed or installed in such a manner as to prevcnt the flame from contacting combustible material. Exceptions: 1 . LP-gas-fueled devices used for swcaiing pipc joints orrenioving paint in accordance with Chapter 38. 2. Chlling and wclding operations in accordance with Chaptcr 26. 3. Torches or flamc-producing devices in accordance with Scction 308.4. 4. Candles and open-flame decorative dcviccs in accordance with Scction 308.3. 308.6 Flaming food and beverage preparation. Thc preparati011 of flaming foods or beverages in l~laccsof assenlbly and drinking or dining establishments shall be in accordance with Sections 308.6.1 through 108.6.5. 308.6.1 Dispensing. Flammable or co~nbustiblc liquids used in the preparation of flanling foods or bevcrages shall bc dispensed from one of the following: 1 . A 1-ounce (29.6 tnl) container; or 2. A container not cxcceding I -quart (946.5 rill) capacity with a controlled pouring device that will limit thc flow to a I-ounce (29.6 ml) serving. 308.6.2 Containers not in use. Containers shall be securcd to prevent spillage whcn not in use. 308.6.3 Serving of flaming food. The scrving of flaming foods or bevcrages shall be done in a safe manncr and shall not create high flames. The pouring, ladling or spooning of liquids is restricted to a maximuin height of 8 inchcs (203 mm) above the receiving receptaclc. 308.6.4 Location. Flaming foods or beverages shall bc prepared only in the immediate \ icinity of thc table being scr2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


viccd. They shall not be transported or carried while hurning.

308.6.5 Fire protection. The person preparing the flaming foods or beverages shall have a wet cloth towel immediately available for usc in smothering thc flames in the event of :in cmcrgcncy.

SECTlON 309 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS AND EQUlPMENT 309.1 General. Powered industrial trucks and similar cqu~pnicnl including. but not li~nitedto, floor scrubberr and floor buffers, shall be operated and maintained in accordance w ~ t h this scction. 309.2 Battery chargers. Battery chargers shall be of an approved type. Combustible storage shall be kept a minimum of 3 feet (915 mm) from battcry chargers. Battery charging shall not be conducted in areas accessible to the puhlic.

310.4 Removal of signs prohibited. A posted "No Srnolting" sign shall not be obscured, removed. dcfaccd, ~nutilatcdor destroyed. 310.5 Compliance with "No Smoking" signs. Smoking shall not be permittcd nor shall aperson smoke. throw or deposit any lightcd or smoldering substance in any place where"No Smoking" signs are posted. 310.6 Ash trays. Where s~uokingis pcrnmitted, suitable noncombustible ash trays or match rcccivcrs sh:~llbe providccl on each table and at other appropriate locations. 310.7 Burning objects. Lighted matches, cigarettes, cigars or other hurning object shall not be discarded in such a manner that could cause ignition of other combustible material. 310.8 Ilazardous environmental conditions. When the fire codc official deter-rr~inesthat hazardous environmental conditions necessitate controlled use of smoking materials, the ignition or I I ~ Cof such materials in mountainous. brush-covered or forest-covered arcas or other designa~edareas is prohibited except in approvcd designated smoking areas.

309.3 Ventilation. Ventilation bhall be provided in an approved manncr in battery-charging areas to prevent a dangerous accumulation of flammable gases.

SECTION 311 VACANT PREMISES

309.4 Fire extinguishers. Battery-charging areas shall be provided with a fire extinguisher complying with Section 906 having a ininiinu~n4-A:20-B:C rating within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the battery charger.

311.1 General. Temporarily unoccupied buildings. structures. premises or portions thereof, including tenant spaccs, shall hc safeguarded and maintained in accordance with this section.

309.5 Refueling. Powered industrial trucks using liquid fuel, I,P-gas or hydrogen shall be refi~elcdoutside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purpose. Fixed fuel-dispensing equipmcnl. and associated fueling operations shall be in accordance with Chapter 22. Other fuel-dispensing cquiprnent and operations, including cylinder exchange for LP-gas-fireled vehicles. shall be in accordance with Chapter 34 for flanunable and con~bustibleliquids or Chapter 38 for LP-gas.

311.1.1 Abandoned premises. Buildings, structures and premises for which an owner cannotbe identified or located by dispatch of a certificate of mailing to the last known or registered address, which pcrsistcntly or repeatedly bccome unprotected or unsecured, which have heen o c c ~ ~ p i eby d ~~nauthorized persons or for illegal purposes. or which present a danger of structural collapse or fire spread to adjacent properties shall bc considered abandoned, declared unsafc and abated by demolition or rehabilitation in accordance with thc Intc.~-llutio~zal Puopcr? iMuiizrerzuizcc Coilr and tlic T~7~ter-r~utioi~nl B~fildirtgCode.

309.6 Repairs. Repairs to fuel systems, electrical systems and repairs utilizing open t1a111cor welding shall be done in approved locations outside of buildings or in areas specifically approved for that purposc.

SECTION 310 SMOKING

310.1 General. The smoking or carrying of a lighted pipe. cigar, cigarcttc or any other type of smoking paraphernalia or material is prohihitcd in the areas indicated in this section.

311.1.2 Tenant spaces. Storage and lcase plans rcqu~redby this code \hall be revised and updated to reflect tcmporary or partial vacancics. 311.2 Safeguarding vacant premises. Temporarily unoccupied buildings, structures. premises or portions thereof shall he secured and protectcd in accordancc with this scctiou. 311.2.1 Security. Exterior openings and interior openings accessible to other tenants or unauthorized persons sh;lll be boarded, locked. blocked or otllcrwise protected to prevent entry by unauthorized individuals.

310.2 Prohibited areas. Smoking shall be prohibited where conditions arc such as lo make smoking a hazard, and in spaces where flammable or coml~ustiblcmaterials are stored or handled.

311.2.2 Fire protection. Fire alarm. sprinkler and standpipe systems shall bc maintained in an operable condition at all times.

310.3 "No Smoking" signs. The fire code officiia is authorized to ordcr the posting of "No Smokiug" signs in a conspicuous location in each structure or location in which smoking is prohibited. The content, lettering, sizc. color and location of rccjuircd "No Smoking" signs shall bc approvcd.

1. When the premises have bcen cleared of all cornbustible materials and debris and, in the opinion of the fire codc official, the typc of construction, fire separation distance and security of thc prcnliscs do not create a fire hazard.


Exceptions:


2. Whel-e buildings will not be heated and fire protection systems will be cxposcd to freezing tempcraturcs, fire alarm and sprinkler systems are permitted to be placed out of service and standpipes arc permitted to be maintained as dry systems (without an automatic water supply) provided the building has no contents or storagc. and windows, doors and other openings are secured to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.

311.2.3 Fire separation. Fire-rcsistance-rated partitions. fire barriers, and fire walls scparating vacant tenant spaces from the remainder of the building shall be maintained. Openings. joints, and penetrations in fire-resistance-rated asscrnblie\ shall bc protected in accordance with Chapter 7. 31 1.3 Ren~ovalof combustibles. Persons owning, or in charge or control of, a vacant building or portion thereof. shall remove therefrom all accumulations of co~ubustiblematerials, t7a1n~nablcor combus~iblewaste or rubbish and shall securely lock or othcrwisc secure doors, windows and other openings to prcvent entry by unauthorized persons. The premises shall be maintained clear of waste or hazardous materials. Exceptions: 1. Buildings or portions of buildings undergoing additions, alterations, repairs. or change of occupancy in Buildirrg Code, accordance with the I~~rerr~urionnl where waste is controlled and removed as required by Scction 304.

2. Seasonally occupicd buildings

311.4 Removal of hazardous materials. Persons owning or having charge or control of a vacant building containing hazardous materials regulated by Chapter 27 shall comply with the fjcility closure recluiremcnts of Section 2701.6.

3.

T h i s symbol shall mean Ihxt structural or interior hazards exist to a degree that consideration should bc given to limit fire fighting to extcrior opcrations only. with entry only occurring for known lifc hazards.

311.5.5 Informational use. The usc of these symbols shall be informational only and shall not in any way limit the discretion of the on-scene incidcnt cornma~tder.

SECTION 312 VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION 312.1 General. Vehicle impact protection rcquircd by this code shall be provided by posts that coi~iplywith Section 3 12.2 or by othcr approved physical barriers that comply with Scction 3 12.3. 312.2 Posts. Guard posts shall comply with all of thc following requirements: 1. Constructed of steel not lcss than 4 inches (102 mm) in diamclcr and concrete filled.

2. Spaced not morc than 4 fcet (1219 nim) hctwecn posts on center. 3. Set not lcss than 3 feet (914 mm) deep in a concrete footing of not less than a 15-inch (381 mm) diameter. 4. Set with the top of the posts not lcss than 3 fcet (914 m ~ n ) above ground. 5. Located not lcss than 3 feet (9 14 mm) from the protected object.

312.3 Otlaer barriers. Physical barriers shall be a ~nininiumof 36 inches (914 inm) in height and shall resist a force of 12,000 pounds (53 375 N) applied 36 inches (9 14 mm) above thc atljacent ground surface.

311.5 Placards. Any building or structure dctcmiined to be unsafe pursuant to Scction 110 of this code shall be ~narlcedas required by Scctions 3 1 1.5.1 through 3 1 1.5.5. 311.5.1 Placard location. Placards shall be applied on thc front of thc structul-e and be visiblc from the street. Additional placards shall be applied to the side of each entrance to thc structure and on penthouses. 311.5.2 Placard size and color. Placards shall be 24 inches by 24 inches (610 mm by 610 mm) in size with a rcd backgrouncl, whitc reflective slripes and a white reflective border. The stripcs and bordcr shall have a 2-inch (51 mm) strokc. 311.5.3 Placard date. Placards shall bear the datc of their application to the building and the date of th-,most recent inspection. 311.5.4 Placard symbols. 'Thc design of the placards shall use the following symbols: 1.

This synibol shall mean that the structure had normal structural conditions at the time of marking.

2. [\..]'This symbol shall mean that structural or interior hazards exist and interior fire-fighting or rescue operations should be conducted with extreme caution. 32

SECTION 313 FUELED EQUlPMENT 313.1 General. Fuclcd equipment, including but not limited to motorcycles. mopeds, lawn-care equipmcnt ;u~dportahlccooking equipment. shall not be stored, operatcd or rcpaircd within a building. Exceptions: I . Buildings or rooms constructed for such use in accorBclildirzg Code. dance with the Irttrrrzafioi~cll 2. Where allowed by Section 3 14. 3. Storagc of cquipment utilized for maintenance purposes is allowed in approved locations when Lhc aggregatc fiicl capacity of the stored cquipmcnt docs not exceed 10 gallons (38 L) and the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1.

313.1.1 Removal. The fire codc official is authorized to require removal of fueled equipment from locations w1ie1.c the presence of such equipment is dctcrnlined by thc fire code official to be hazardous. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


313.2 Group K occupancies. Vehicles powered by flammable liquids. Class 11combustible liquids, or compressed flammable gases shall not be stored withln the living space of Group R buildings.

bustible materials shall be protected on the storage sitlc as required for I-hour fire-resistance-Wcd construction. Openings shall be protected by assemblies that arc self-closing and are of noncon~bustibleconstruction or solid wood core not less than 1.75 inches (44.5 mm) in thickness. Storage shall not be placed on exposed joists.

SECTION 314 lWDOOR DISPLAYS 314.1 Gencral. Indoor displays col~sLr~~cted within any occupancy shall co~nplywith Sections 31 4.2 through 314.4.

Exceptions: 1. Areas protected by approved automatic spl-inkler systems. 2. Group R-3 and Group U occupancies, 315.3 Outside storage. Outside storage oi'combustible materials shall not be located within 10 feet (3048 mni) of a propcrty I~ne.

314.2 Fixtures and displays. Fixtures and displays of goods for sale to the public shall bc ananged so as to maintain frcc. immediate and unobstructed access to exits as required by Chapter 10. 314.3 Highly combustible goods. The display of highly combustible goods, including but not limitcd to fireworks, flanlmable or combustible liquids, liquefied flammable gases, oxidizing materials. pyroxylin plastics and agricultural goods, in main cxit access aisles, corridors, covered malls, or within 5 feet (1514 mln) of entrances to cxits and exterior exit doors is prohibited whcn a fire involving such goods would rapidly prevent or obstruct egress. 314.4 Vehicles. Liquid- or gar-fueled vehicles. boats or othcr motorcraft shall not be located indoors except as follows: I . Batteries are disconnected. 2. Fuel in fuel tanks docs not cxceed one-quarter tank or 5 gallons (19 L) (whichcvcr is least).

3. Fuel tanks and fill openings arc closed and sealed to prevent tampering. 4. Vehicles, boats or other rnotorcraft ccluipment are not fueled or dcfueled within the building. SECTION 315 MISCELLANEOUS COMBUSTlBLE MATERIALS STORAGE 315.1 General. Storagc, use and handling of n~iscellaneous combustible roaterials shall be in accordancc with this section. A pcrll~ilshall he obtained in accordance with Section 105.6. 315.2 Storage in buildings. Storagc of cornbuslible materials in buildings shall be orderly. Storage shall be separated from hcatc~-s or 11e:lling dcvices by distance or shielding so that ignition cannot occur. 315.2.1 Ceiling clearance. Storage shall be maintained 2 fcct (610 mni) 01- 111orebclow thc ceiling in nonsprinklercd areas of buildings or a ~nininlumof 18 inches (457 mm) bclow sprinkler head deflectors in sprinklered areas of buildings. 315.2.2 Means of egress. Combustible rnatcrials shdll not be stored I 11e x ~ t or r exlt enclo\ures. 315.2.3 Equipment rooms. Cornbustible lnaterial shall not be storcd in boiler rooms, mechanical rooms or electrical cquiprnent roorns. 315.2.4 Attic, under-floor and co~lcealedspaces. Attic, under-floor and concealed spaccs uscd for storage of com2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

Exceptions: 1. Thc separation distance is allowed to he reduced to 3 feet (914 mm) for storage not cxcecding 6 fect (1 829 mm) in hcight. 2. The separation distance is allowed to be reduced when the fire code official determines that no hrv,ard to the adjoining propcrty cxists. 315.3.1 Storage beneath o~~erhead projections from buildings. Cornbustible materials stored or displayed outside of buildings that are protected by automatic sprinklel-s shall not be stored or displayed under nonsprinklered eavcs, canopies or other-projcclions or overhangs. 315.3.2 Height. Storagc in the open shall not cxcccd 20 feet (6096 mm) in height.


CHAPTER 4

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS SECTION 401 GENERAL 401.1 Scope. Reporting of emergencies. coordination with cmergcncy response forccs. cmcrgcncy plans, and procedures for managing or responding to emergencies shall comply with thc provisions of this section. Exception: Firms that have approved on-PI-einises fire-fighting organizations and that are in compliance with approved procedures for fil-e I-eporting. 401.3 Approval. Where required by this code, tire safety plans, emergency procedures, and cmplo)lee training programs shall be approved hy the fire code official. 401.3 Emergency forces notification. In the event an unwanted fire occurs on a property, theowner or occupant shall im~~~ediately report such condition to the fire department. Building employees and tenants shall implement the appropriate emergency plans and procedures N o pcrson shall, by verbal or written directive, require any delay in the reporting of a fire to the fire department. 401.3.1 Making false report. It shall be unlawful for a pcrson to give, signal. or transmit a falsc alarm. 401.3.2 Alarm activations. Upon activation of a fire alarm signal, employees or staff shall immediately notify the fire tlel.?artment. 401.3.3 Emergency evacuation drills. hothing in this section shall prohibit the sounding of a firc alann signal or the carrying out of an emergency evacuation drill in accordance with the provisions of Section 405. 401.4 lnterfercnce with fire department operations. It shall bc unlawful to inlerferc with, attempt to intcrfcrc with, conspire to interfere with, obstruct or restrict the mobility of or block the path of travcl of a fire department erncrgency vehicle i r any ~ way: 01. to interfere with, attempt to interfere with, conspire to interferc with, obstruct or hamper any firc department operation. 401.5 Security device. Any security dcbicc or systcna that enlit5 :my medium that could ohscurc a means of cgrcss in any building, structure or premise shall be prohibited.

SECTlON 402 DEFINITIONS 402.1 Detinition. The following word and term shall, for the purposes of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.

EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL. An exercise pcrfolrncd to train staff and occupants and to evaluate their cfficiency and cffcctivcness in carlying out emergency evacuation procedures. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

SECTION 403 PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS 403.1 Fire watch personnel. When. in the opinion of the tire code official, it is essential for public safcty in LI placeof asscmbly or any other place where people congregate, because of the number of persons, or the nature ol' the perforlnancc, cxhibition, display, contest or activity, theowncr. agent or lcssec shall provide one or more fire watch personnel, as required and approved, to remain on duty during the times such places are open to [he public, or when such activily is bci~lgconductcd. 403.1.1 Duties. Fire watch personnel shall keep diligent watch for fircs, obstructions to means of egress and other hazards during the time such placc is open to the public or such activity is being conducted and take prompt measures for remediation o l hazards, extinguishment of fircs that occur and assist in the cvacuation of the public from the structures. 403.2 Publicsafety plan. In othcr than Group A or E occupancies, where the fire code official determines that an indoor or outdoor gathering of persons has an adverse i~upacton public safety through diminished access to buildings, structures, fire hydrants and fire apparatus access roads or where such gatherings adversely affect public safety services of any kind. the fire code official shall have the authority to order the dcvclopnlcnt of, or prescribe a plan for. the provision of an approved level of public safety. 403.2.1 Contents. The public sarety plan, where requircd by Section 403.2, shall address such items as emergency vehicle ingress and cgress. tire protection. emergency mcdical services, public assembly areas and the directing of both attendees and vehicles (including thc parking of vehicles). vendor and food concession distribution, and the need for the presence of law enforcement, and lire and emergency medical services personnel at the evcnt.

SECTION 404 FIRE SAFETY AND EVACUATION PLANS 404.1 General. Fire safcty and cvacuation plans shall co~nply with the requirements of this section. 404.2 Whcrc required. An app~ovcdfire safcty and evacuation plan shall be prepared and maintained for thc following occupancies and buildings. 1. Group A, other than Group A occupancies uscd cxclusively for purposes of religious worship that h a w an occupant load less than 2,000. 2. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or Inore persons or morc than 100 pcrsons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge.

3. Group E. 4. Group H.

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

1

5. Group I.

4.2. Primary cvacuation routes.

6. Group R-I. 7. Group R-2 collcge and university buildings.

4.3. Secondary cvacuation routcs.

8. C h u p R-4.

4.5. Areas of refuge.

9. High-risc buildings.

4.6. Man~ialfirc alarm boxcs.

4.4. Acccssihlc egress routes.

1.7. Portablc firc cxtinguishers. 4.8. Occupant-usc hosc stations.

10. Group M buildings having an occupant load of 500 01. niorc pcrsons or more than 100 persons above or below the Iowcst level of cxit discharge.

4.9. Fire al:u-m annunciators and controls.

I I . Covcred malls exceeding 50,000 square fect (4645 m?) in aggregate floor area.

5. A list of major fire hazards associated with thenomial use and occupancy of the preniises, including maintcnancc and housekeeping procedures.

12. Underground buildings. 13. Buildings with an atrium and having an occupancy in Group A, E or M.

6. Identification and assignment of pcrsonncl rcsponsible for maintenance of systcms and ecluipmcnt installed to prevent or control fircs.

404.3 Contents. Firc safety and cvacuation plan contents shall bc in accordance with Sections 404.3.1 and 404.3.7.

7. Identification and assignment of personnel rcsponsi-

404.3.1 Fire evacuation plans. Fire evacuation plans sl.lall includc the following:

ble for maintenancc, houscl<eeping and controlling fuel hazard sources.

1. Emergency egress or escape routes and whether evacuation of the building is to bc complete or, where approvcd, by sclected floors or areas only.

404.4 Maintenance. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall bc reviewed or updated annually or as necessitated by changes in staff assignments, occupancy, or thc physical arrangement of the building.

2. Procedures for employees who must remain to operate critical equipment before evacuating. 3. Procedures for accounting for employees and occupants aftcr evacuation has been completed. 4. IclenLificatio~iand assignment of personnel responsible for rcscue or cmcrgcncy ~nedicalaid. 5. 'Thc prefcl~edand any alternative means of notifying occupants o f a fire or emergency. 6. The preferred and any aIte~.nativemeans of reporting fircs and othcr crnergencies to thc fire department or designated cmergency response organization.

7. Identification arid assignment of personnel who can be contactcd for further infonnatio~lor explanation of duties under the plan.

8. A description of the emergcncy voicehalarm communication systcn~alert tone and preprogrammed voicc messages, where provided. 404.3.2 Fire safety plans. Firc safety plails shall include thc following: 1. The procedure fol. reporting a fire or othcr emergcncy.

2. Thc life safety strategy and proccdures for notifying. relocating. or evacuating occupanls. 3. Sitc plans indicating the following: 3.1. The occupancy assembly point. 3.2. The locations of firc hydrants. 3.3. The normal routcs of firc departinent vehicle acccss. 4. Floor plans identifying the locationsoithe following: 4. I. Exits.

404.5 Availability. Fire safety and evacuation plans shall bc available in the workplace for reference and review by eniployees, and copies shall be furnished to the fire codc official for review upon requcst. SECTION 405 EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILLS 405.1 General. Emergency evacuation drills complying with the provisions of this section shall bc conducted at least annually in the occupancies listed in Section 404.2 or whcn required by the firc code official. Drills shall be designcd in cooperation with the local authorities. 405.2 Frequency. Required emcrgcncy evacuatio~idrills chall be held at the intervals specified in Tablc 405.2 or more frequently where necessary to fnlniliarizc all occupants with thc drill procedure. 405.3 Leadership. Responsibility for the planning and conduct of drills shall be assigned to competent pcrsons dccignatcd to excrcise leadership. 405.4 Time. I>rills shall bc hcld at uncxpccted timcs and undcr vaying conditions to simulate thc unusual conditions thal occur in case of fire. 405.5 ltecord keeping. Records shall bc maintained of rcquired emergency evacuation drills and include thc following information: 1. Identity of the pcrson conducting the drill

2. 3. 4. 5.

Date ar~dtime of the drill. Notification method used. Staff mcmbers 011duty and participating. Nu~nberof occupants evacuated. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS

6. Special conditions simulated.

described in their fire evacuation and fire safcty plans. Training shall bc based on tlicse plans and as described in Scction 404.3.

7. Prohlcms cncountcrcd. 8. We:~therconditions when occupants wcre evacuated.

406.2 Frequency. Elnployees shall receive training in the contents of fire safety and evacuation plans and their dutics as part of new employee orientation and at least annually thereafter. Records shall be kept and made abailablc to the fire code official upon request.

9. 'Time required to accomplish complete cvacuation.

~~- - -

,

--

GROUPOR . ~-~0 C C " W C V

-

-

.. .--

I

--

-

FREQUENCY ~.~

--I

&:hi

Group R- 1 ~

,~ Quarterly . ~ u~_e?gh ~ .

~ r o u pR-2d

r-'---~our annoa~iy 1

Group..-R-4 .-

;-Quarterly each shift -. - on ~

- - ~

~

F'AROC!PAT!DN

.

1

1

-

-~

-~

.~-.

Quarterly on 1 Employeesh1 - each shiA ,_~+~-

GMLIP I --

~

-

TABLE 405.2 FlRE AND EVACUATION DRILL FREQUENCY.~ AND PARTICIPATION ~. . -

-

I

I-ligh-rise _ .- buildings '

_

1(

1

1

E-m~l2cg~3 ,411 occupants

Employeesh

Annually

I

i

i

A

a. The frequency shall be allowed to be modified it1 accordance with Section 408.3.2. b. Fire and evacuation drills in residential care assisled living facilities shall include coniplctc cvacuatiou of ll~epremises in accordance with Section 408.10.5. Where occupants receive habilitnlion or rehabilitation training, tire preventio~~ and firr. safety practices shall be included as part of the training pl-ogram. c . Ciroup R buildings having a1 occupant load of500 clr more persons or more than 100 persons abovr. or below the lowesr level of exit disch:~rge. d. Applicable to Group R-2 college and university buildin_es in accordance with Section 108.3.

406.3 Employee training program. Einployecs shall bc trained in fire prevention, evacuation and fire safety in accordance with Sections 406.3.1 through 406.3.3. 406.3.1 Fire prevention training. Employees shall be appriscd of the fire hazards of thc materials and processes to which they are exposed. Each employee shall be instructed in the proper procedures for preventing fires in the conduct of their assigned duties. 406.3.2 Evacuation training. Employees shall be familiarized with the fire alarm and evacuation signals. their assigned duties in the event of an alarin or emergency, evacuation routes? areas of rcfuge, exterior asscmbly areas, and procedures for evacuation. 406.3.3 Fire safety training. Ernployccs asshall hc provided for enlergency powcr loads as specified in Section 604.2.15.2. I .

604.2.15.1.3 Connected facilities. Power and lighting facilities for thc firc command center and elevators specified in Scctions 403.8 and 403.9 of the /nteri~utiorzalB~lildi~zg Code, as applicablc, and electrically powered firc pumps requircd to maintain prcssure. shall be transferable to the standby source. Standby power shall be provided for at least one elevator to servc all floors and be transferable to any elevator

I . Ernergcncy voicclalarm communication systerns.

604.2.15.2 Separate circuits and luminaires. Separate l~ghtingcircuits and luminaires shall be required to provide suffic~cnLlight with an intensity of not less than 1 foot-candlc (1 1 lux) measurcd at floor level in all means of egress corridors, stairways, smokeproof enclosures, clevator cars and lobbies. and other areas that arc clearly a part of thc escape route. 604.2.15.2.1 Other circuits. Circuits supplying lighting for the firc command center and mechanical cquipmcnt rooms shall be transferable to the standby source.

604.2.16.2.1 Emergency power loads. Thc following loads arc classified as cmcrgcncy powcr loads:

2. Fire alarm systems.

3. Automatic fire detection systems 4. Elcvator car lighting.

5. Means of egress lighting and cxit sign illumination as required by Chapter 10. 604.2.17 Group 1-3 occupancies. Powcr-operated slidins doors or power-operated locks for swinging doors in Group 1-3 occupancies shall be operablc by a manual release ~nechanlsm at the door. and either emcrgency power or a remotc mechanical operating release shall be provided.

Exception: Emergency powcr is not required in facllitics where provisions for remote loclcing and unlocking of occupied rooms in Occupancy Condition 4 are not required as set forth rn the /rztenluriorlc~lB~lrltlingC'ocle. 604.2.18 Airport trafficcontrol towers. A standby powcr system shall be provided in airport traffic control towers 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

more than 65 feet (19 812 mm) in height. Power shall be provided to the following equipment:

1. Pressurization equipment, mechanical equipment and lighting.

2. Elevator operating equipment. 3. Fire alarm and smoke detection systems.

604.2.19 Elevators. In buildings artd structures where standby power is required or furnished to operate an elevator, the operation shall be in accordance with Sections 604.2.19.1 through 604.2.19.4. 604.2.19.1 Manual transfer. Standbj power shall be mannally transferable to all elevators in cach bank. 604.2.19.2 One elevator. Where only one elevator i\ installed, the elevator shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failurc of normal power. 604.2.19.3 Two or more elcvators. Where two or more elevators are controlled by a common operating system, all elevators shall automatically transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failure of norrr~alpowcr where the standby power source is of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same time. Wherc the standby power source is not of sufficient capacity to operate all elevators at the same timc, all elevators shall transfer to standby power in xquence. return to the designatcd landing and disconnect from the standby power source. After all elevators have been returned to the designatcd Icvel, at least one elevator shall remain operable from the standby power source. 604.2.19.4 Venting. Where btar~dbypower i q connected to elevators, the machine room ventilation or air conditioning shall be connected to the standby power source.

I

604.3 Maintenance. Emel-gcr~cyand standby power systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 110 and NFPA 1 I 1 such that the system is capable of suppl ying service with~n the trnle specified for the type and duration required. 604.3.1 Schedule. Inspection, tcqting and maintenance of emergency and standby power systems shall be in accordance with an approved schedule established upon co~nplction and approval of the syste~ninstallation. 604.3.2 Written record. Written records of the inspection, testing and maintenance of emergency and standby powcr systems shall include thc date of service. name of the sen1icing technician, a suninlaly of conditio~~s noted and a detailed description of any conditions requiring correction and what corrective action was taken. Such records shall be kept on the premises scrvcd by the emergency or standby power system and be available for Inspection by the fire code official. 604.3.3 Switch maintenance. Emergency and standby powcl- system transfer switches shall be included in the inspection, testing and maintenance schedule required by Section 604.3.1. Transfer switchcs shall be niaintaincd frce from accu~nulateddust and dirt. inspeclion shall include examinatio~~ of the transfcr switch contacts for evidence of 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

CODE'

deterioration. When evidence of contact detcrio~.~ltion is detected. the contacts shall be replaced in accordartce with the transfer switch manufacturer's instructions. 604.4 Operationalinspection and testing. Emergency power systems, including all appurtenant components shall be inspected and tested under load in accordance with NFPA I I0 and NFPA 1 1 1 . Exception: Where the emergency power system is used for standby power or peak load shaving, such use shall bc recorded and shall be allowed to be substituted for scheduled testing of rhe generator set, provided that appropriate records are maintained. 604.4.1 Transfer switch test. The test of the transfer switch shall consist of electrically operaling the tranbfer switch from the normal position to the alternate position and then return to the normal position. 604.5 Supervision of ~~iaintenance and testing. Kouti~re maintenance, inspection and operational testing shall be overseen by a properly instructed individual.

SECTION 605 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT, WIRING AND HAZARDS 605.1 Abatement of elcctrical hazards. Identified electrical hazards shall be abated. Identified hazardous electrical conditions in permanent wiring shall be brought to tlic attention of the code official responsible for enforcement of the ICC Electrictzl Code. Electricd wiring, dcvices, appliances and other equipment that is modified or damaged and constitutes an electrical shock or I'ii-e hazard shall not be used. 605.2 Illumination. Illu~ninativrishall be provided for service equipment areas. motor control ccnters and clcctrical panelboards. 605.3 Working space and clearance. A working space of not less than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, 36 inches (9 14 mm) in depth and 78 inches (1081 mm) in height shall bc provided in front of electrical service equipment. Whcrc the elcctl.ica1 service eqnipment is wider than 30 inchcs (762 mm), the working space shall not be less than the width of the ecluipmcnt. No storage of any materials shall be located within the designated wol-king space. Exceptions: I . Where other dimensions arc rcquircd or allowed by the ICC Electrical Cocle.

2. Access openings into attics or under-floor areas ~ ~ nopcning of 22 i ~ ~ c h e s which provide a n l i ~ l i m ~clear (559 mm) by 30 inches (762 ~ n m ) . 605.3.1 Labeling. Doors into electrical control pallel rooms shall be marked with a plainly visible and lcgible sign stating ELECTRICA12 ROOM or similar approvcd wording. The disconnecli~lgmeans for each service, feeder or branch circuit originating on a switchboard or panelboard shall be legibly and durably marked to indicate its purpose unless such purpose is clear1y evident.


605.4 Mnltiplug adapters. Multiplug adapters, such as cube adapters, ~rnfuscdplug strips 01. any other device not complying with the ICC Elecr~.icalCode shall he prohibited.

605.10 Portable, electric space heaters. Portable, electric spacc heaters shall comply with Sections 60.5.10.1 through 605.10.4.

605.4.1 Power tap design. Relocatable power taps shall be of the polarized or grounded type, equipped with ovcrcurrent protection, and shall be listed in accordance with UL 1363.

605.10.1 Listed and labeled. Only listed and labcled portable, electric space heaters shall be used.

605.4.2 Power supply. Relocatable power taps shall be directly connected to a permanently installed receptacle.

605.10.3 Extension cords. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be plugged into extension cords.

605.4.3 Installation. Relocatable power tap cords shall not cxlcnd through walls, ceilings, floors. under doors or floor coverings, or be subject to environmental or physical damage.

605.10.4 Prohibited areas. Portable, electric space heaters shall not be operated within 3 feet (914 mni) of any combustible materials. Portable, elcctric spacc heaters shall he operated only in locations for which they are listed.

605.5 Extension cords. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be a substitute for permanent wiring. Extension cords and flexible cords shall not be affixed to structures. extended through walls, ceilings or floors, or under doors or floor coverings, nor shall such cords be s~tbjectto environmental damage or physical impact. Extension cords shall be used only with portable appliances.

SEGTION 606 MEGHANIGAL REFRIGERATION [PI] 606.2 Scope. Refrigeration systems shall be installcd in Ccxle. accordance with the lizreri~utionulMech~zt~icnl

605.5.1 Powcr supply. Extension cords shall be plugged directly into an approved receptacle. power tap or luultiplug adapter and, except for approved n~ultiplugextension cords, shall servc only one portable appliance. 605.5.2 Ampacity. The ampacity of the extension cords shall not be less than the rated capacity ofthe portable appliance supplied by thc cord. 605.5.3 Maintenance. Extension cords shall be maintained in good condit~onwithout splices, deterioration or darnagc. 605.5.4 Grounding. Extension cords shall be grounded when serving groundcd portable appliances. 605.6 llnapproved conditions. Open junction boxes and open-wiring iplices shall be prohibited. App~ovedcovers shall bc provided for all switch and electrical outlet boxes. 605.7 Appliances. Electrical appliances and fixtures shall be tested and listed in published reports of inspected electrical equipment by an approved agency and installcd and maintained in accordance with all instl-uctions included as part of such listing. 605.8 Electrical motors. Electrical motors shall be maintained free from excessive accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and debris. 605.9 Temporary wiring. Temporary wiring for electrical power and l~ghtinginstallations is nllowcd for a period not to cxcced 90 days. Temporary wiring methods shall meet the applicable provisions of the ICC Elertrir.cr1 Codc. Exception: Tempora~-y wiring for electrical power and lighting installations is allowed during periods of construction, remodeling, repair or demolition of buildings, structures, ccluipment or similar activities. 605.9.1 Attacl~mcnt to structures. Temporary wiring at~aclicdto a structure shall be attached in an approved rnanner.

605.10.2 Powcr supply. Portahle, electric space heaters shall bc plugged directly into an approved receptacle.

[MI 606.2 Refrigerants. The use and purity of new, recovered. and reclaimed refrigerants shall be in accordance with the Intcrrzariorzal Mechanical Code. [MI 606.3 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with the Intc~rrzutioizulMecl~trtlic~zl Code.

[MI 606.4 Change in refrigerant type. A changc in the type of refrigerant in a refrigeration system shall be in accorda~lcewith the Interr~ationalMeclzcrr~icnlCode. 606.5 Access. Refrigeration systems having a reli-igemnl circuit containing more than 720 pounds ( 1 00 kg) of Group A I or 30 pounds (13 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be accessible to the fire department at all times as required by the fire code official. 606.6 Testing of equipment. Refrigeration equipment and systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (I 4 kg) of any other group refrigerant shall be subject to periodic testing in accordance with Section 606.6.1. A written record of required testing shall be maintained on the premises. Tests of emergency devices or systems required by this chapter shall be conducted by persons trained and qualified in refrigeration systems. 606.6.1 Periodic testing. The following emergency tievicec or systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructiorls and as recluired by the firc code official. 1. Treatment and flaring systems. 2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation

of emergency refrigeration control boxes. 3. Fans and associated ecluipment intcndcd to opcratc emergency ventilation systems. 4. Detection and alarm S ~ S ~ C I I I S .

606.7 Emergency signs. Refrigeration units or systems having a refrigerant cii.cuit containing inore than 220 pounds (100 kg) of Group A1 or 30 pounds (14 kg) of any other group refrigcr2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


ant shall bc provided with approvcd cmergcncy signs, charts, and labels in accordance with NFPA 704. Hazard signs shall be Mcdzur~iculCode for the in accordancc with the lrzterr~arior~ul classification of refrigerants listed therein

606.8 Refrigerant detector. Machincry roolns shall contain a refrigerant c1etccto1-with an audible and ~ ~ i s u alarm. al The detector, or a sampling tube that draws air to the detector; shall be located in an area where refrigerant from a leak will concentrate. The alarm shall be actuated at a value not greater than the corresponding TLV-TWA valucs shown in thc Intenlationul Mccl~articalCotlc for the refrigerant classification. Detectors and alarms shall be placed in approved locations.

* 606.9 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical

equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided at an approvcd location itnrnediately outside the machincry room and adjaccnt to its principal entrance.

606.9.1 Refrigeration system. A clear1y identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control of electrically energized equipment and appliances in the inachinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and machincry room ventilation.

I

Exception: In machinety roolns whcrc only nonflammal~lerefrigerants are used. electrical equipment and appliances, othcr than comprcssors, are not ~cquiredto be provided with a cut-off switch.

606.10.2.1 Operation of an automatic crossover valve. Operation of an automatic crossover valvc shall cause all compressors on the effected systcm to i~nmediately stop. Dcdicatcd pressure-sensing deviccs located immediately adjacent to crossover valvcs shall he pcrrnilted as a means for determining operation of a valve. To ensure that the automatic crossover valvc system provides a redundant means of stopping comprcssors in an overpressure condition, high-pressure cutout scnsors associated with compressors shall not be used as a basis for determining opcration of a crossover valve. 606.10.2.2 Overpressure in low-pressure zonc. Thc lowest pressure zone in a refi-igeration system shall bc providcd with a dcdicatcd means of deter~nininga rise in systeln pressure to within 15 psi (103.4 kPa) of the setpoint for clnergency pressure-rclief deviccs. Activation of the overpressure sensing device shall causc all compressors on the effected systcm toimmcdiately stop. 606.11 Storage, use and handling. Flarnm~tbleand combustible materials shall not bc stored in machincry roolns for refrigeration systcms having a refrigerant circuit containing inorc than 220 pounds (' 100 kg) of Group A l (31- 30 pounds ( 14 kgj of any other group refrigerant. Storage. use or handling of extra refrigerant or refrigerant oils shall bc as requircd hy Chapters 27. 30.32 and 34.

606.9.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machincrv room ventilation fans.

Exception: This provision shall not apply to spare parts. tools, and incidental materials necessary for thc safc and proper opcration and maintenance of the systcm.

606.10 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds ( 3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emcrgency pressure control system in accordance with Scctions 606.10.1 and 606.10.2.

606.12 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems for refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of fla~nmablc.toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall be providcd with an approved discharge system as required by Sections 606.1 2. I, 606.12.2 and 606.12.3. Discharge piping and devices connected to the discharge sidc of a fusible plug or rupture membcr shall have provisions to prevent plugging the pipe in the event of the fusible plug or rupture mcmber functions.

606.10.1 Automatic crossover valves. Each high- and intermediate-pressureire zonc in a refrigeration systcm shall be provided with a single automatic valve providing a crossover connection to B lower pressure zone. Automatic crossover valvcs shall co~nplywith Sections 606.10.1.1 through 606.10.1.3.

606.10.1.2 Manual operation. When required by the firc code official, automatic crossover valves shall bc capable of manual oper ;I t'ion.

606.12.1 Flammable refrigerants. Systems containing flammable refrigerants having a density equal to or greatcr than the density of air shall discharge vapor to the at111osphere only through an approved treatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a tlaring systc~n in accordance with Section 606.12.5. Systcms containing flaln~nablcrefrigerants having a density less than the dcnsity of air shall be permitted to discharge vapor to the atmosphere providcd that thc point of dischargc is located outside of the structure at not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 rnm) from any window, ventilation opening or cxit.

606.10.1.3 System design pressure. Refiigcration systcnl zoncs that a1e c~nnectedto a higher prcssurc zone hy an automatic crossover valve shall bc designed to safely contam thc maximum pressurc that can be achieved by interconnection of thc two zones.

606.12.2 Toxic and highly toxic refrigerants. Systcn~s containing toxic or highly toxic refrigerants shall dischargc vapor to the atrnospherc only through an approved trcatment system in accordance with Section 606.12.4 or a ilaring systcm in accordancc with Scction 606.12.5.

606.10.1.1 Overpressure limit setpoint. Autonratic crossover valvcs shall be arranged to automatically rcliew excesa system pressure to alowcr pressure zonc if the pressurc in a high- or intermediate-pres~ure7onc rises to w ~ t h ~15 n psi (108.4 kPa) of the set p o ~ n tfor cmergcncy prcssul-e-relief dcvices.

606.10.2 Automatic enlergency stop. An a~~tomatic emergcncy stop feature shall be providcd In accordance with Scctions 606.10.2.1 and 606.10.2.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

606.12.3 Ammonia refrigerant. Systcms containing ammonia refrigerant shall dischargc vapor to the atmosphere through an approved treatment systcm in accordancc


with Section 006.11.4, a f1;iring system in accordancc with Section 606.1 2.5, or through an approved ammonia diffuslon systcm in accordancc with Section 606.12.6, or by other approved means.

Exceptions: 1. Ammonialwater absorption systems containing less than 22 pounds (10 kg) of ammonia and for which the a~nnloniacircuit is located cntirely outdoors.

2. When the fire code official determines. on review of an engineering analysis prepared In accordance with Section 104.7.2, that a fire. health or environmental hazard would not rcsult from discharg~ng ammonia direct1y to the atmosphere.

606.12.4 Treatment systems. Treatmcnt systems shall be designed to reduce the allowable discharge concentration of the refrigerant gas to not more than 50 percent of the IDLH at the point of exhaust. Treatment systenls shall be in accordance with Chapter 37. 606.12.5 Flaring systems. Flaring systenls for incineration refrigerants shall be designed to incinerate the of tla~n~nable cntire discharge. The products of refrigerant incineration shall not pose health or environmental hazards. Incineration shall be automatic upon initiation of discharge, shall be designed to prevent blowback, and shall not expose structures or materials to threat of fire. Standby fuel, such as LP gas, and standby power shall have the capacity to operate for onc and one-half the required time for complete incineration of refrigerant in the system. 606.12.6 Ammonia diffusion systems. Ammonia diffusion systems shall include a tank containing 1 galloll of water for each pound of ammonia (4 L of water for each 1 kg of amnlonia) that will be released in 1 hour from the largcst relief device connected to the discharge pipe. The water shall be prevented from freezing. The discharge pipe from the pressure relief device shall distribute ammonia in the bottom of the tank, but no lower than 33 feet (1 0 058 mm) below the maximum liquid level. The tank shall contain the volume of water and ammol~iawithout ovcrflowing. 606.13 Dischargc location for refrigeration machinery room ventilation. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems serving refrigeration machincry rooms capablc of exceeding 25 perccnt of the LFL or 50 perccnt of the IDLH shall be equipped with approved treatment systems to I-educe the discharge concentrations of flammable, toxic or highly toxic ~xfrigerantsto those valucs or lower. 606.14 Notification of refrigerant discharges. The fire code official shall be notificd immediately when a discharge bccomes reportable under state, federal or local regulations in accordancc with Section 2703.3.1. 606.15 Records. A written record shall be kcpt of refrigerant quantities brought into and removed from the premises. Such records shall be available to thc firc code official. 606.16 Electrical equipment. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and 133, as defined in the Interrtutiotznl Mecl~ui~icul Code, arc used, refrigeration machinery rooms shall conform

to the Class I, Division 2 hazardous location clas5iiication requirements of thc ICC Electrical Cotle.

Exception: Animonia machinery rooms that arc provided with ventilation in accordancc with Section 1 106.3 of the !t~ter/zzatioi~nl Mechntlical Code. SECTION 607 ELEVATOR RECALL AND MAINTENANCE 607.1 Required. Existing elevators with a travel distance of 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above or below the main floor or other level of a building and intended to serve the needs of emergcncy personnel for fire-fighting or rescue pu~poscsshall be provided with crnergency operat~onin accordance with ASME A17.3. New elevators shall be provided with Phase 1 erncrgency recall operation and Phace 11emergcncy in-car operat~on in accordance with ASME A17.1. [B] 607.2 Emergency signs. An approved pictorial sign of a standardized design shall be posted adjacent to each elevator call station on all floors instructing occupants to use thc exit stairways and not to use the clevators in case of firc. The sign shall read: IN FIRE EMERGENCY, DO NOT USE ELEVATOR. USE EXIT STAIRS. The emergcncy sign shall not be required for elevators that are part of an accessible means of egress complying with Section 1007.4. 607.3 Elevator keys. Keys for the elevatol- car doors and fire-fighter service kcys shall be kcpt in an approved location for i~nrnediatcuse by the fire department. SECTION 608 STATIONARY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS 608.1 Scope. Stationary storage battery systems having an electrolytecapacity of more than 5 0 gallons (1 89 L\ for flooded lead acid. nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) and valve-regulated lcad acid (VRLA), or 1,000 pounds (454 kg) for Iithium-ion. used for facility standby power, emergency powcr or unintermptcd power supplies, shall comply with this section and Table 608.1. 608.2 Safety caps. Safety caps for stationary storagc battery systcms shall co~nplywith Sections 608.2.1 and 608.2.2. 608.2.1 Nonrecombinant batteries. Vented lcad acid. nickel-cadmium or other types of nonrecombinant batteries shall be provided with safcty vcnting caps. 608.2.2 Reconlbinant batteries. VRLA battcrics shall bc equipped with self-rescaling flarnc-arresting safcty vents. 608.3 Thermal runaway. VRLA battery systenls shall be provided with a listed devicc or other approved method to preclude, detect and control thermal runaway. 608.4 Room design and construction. Enclosure of stationary battery systcms shall comply with the li~tet-rlatiotzulBuiltlirzg Code. Battery systcms shall be allowcd to bc in the s a ~ n e room with the cquipment they support. 608.4.1 Separate rooms. When stationary batteries arc installcd in a separate equipment room accessible only to authorized personnel. they shall be permitted to bc installed on an open rack for case of ~naintenance. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

BUlLDlNG SERVICES AND SYSTEMS

-----

TABLE 608.1 BATTERY REQUIREMENTS

-

I

-.

NONRECOMBINANTBATTERIES

RECOMB~NANTBA~ERIEs----I

.

i

REQUIREMENT

i

+ I

1

Safety caps -

I

Thermal runaway management -~

~~

-

~-

1I

-

j

-

Flooded Lead Acid Batteries ~

Venting caps (608.2.1) Not required

I

I

,1, 1

Seismic protection

Requi red (608.5.1) ~

Required (608.6.1 ;608.6.2)

j

Required (608.8) Required (608.9)

.

Slnohe dclcct~on

P-

1

i

1~

Required

I

1

I

11

- ---..- -

-

j

i

Venting caps (608.2.1)

-.

Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries I.- .-,

I

-Lithium-Ion .- - .

Self-resealing flame-arresting caps

i

.-

-

~.

i

;

Required I

1

/

Not required

I

1

Required

(608.5. I )

i-

(608.5.2)

Required (608.6.1;608.6.?)

1

Req~~ircd (608.6.I:608.6.2j -

I 1 I

I j

Reqnired (605 8 ) Required (608.9)

!

~

1 II

Required (608.8) Requircd

I

(608.9)

.

''

Not rcquired

+i

-

~

-

..L

) .

I

.-

.-

-.

.

--

Not required . .

.

-

-~ ~

J

I

-~

.

.

. -

i

Reyurled (608.9)

I

--

J

608.4.2 Occupied work centers. When a system of VRLA.

608.6 Ventilation. Ventilation of stationary storagc battery

lithiulii-ion, or other type of sealcd, nonventing batteries ia situated in an occupied work ccnter, it shall bc allowed to be housed in a noncombustible cabinet or other enclosure to prevent access by unauthorized personnel.

systems shall comply with Sections 608.6.1 and 608.6.2.

608.4.3 Cabinets. When stationary battcrics are contained in cabinets in occupicd work centers, the cabinct enclosures shall be located within I 0 fcet (3048 mni) of the equipment that they support.

608.5 Spill control and neutralization. An approved method

608.6.1 Room ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with the 1r.irerrzc~rior~ul hfec:hrrlric.trlCode and the following:

1 . For flooded lead acid, flooded nicltcl-cadmium. and VRLA batteries, the ventilation system shall be designed to li~uitthe maxiiniim concentration of hydrogen to 1 percent of the total volu~neof thc room; or

and ~naterialsfor the control and neutralization of a spill of elcctrolyte shall be provided in areas containing Icad-acid, nickel-cadnliun~or other types of battcrics with frce-flowing liquid electrolyte. For purposcs of this paragraph, a "spill" is detincd as any unintentional release of electrolyte.

2. Continuous ventilation shall bc provided at a ratc of not lcss than 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot 1 1 ft-'/miidft2 or 0.005 1 m3/(s . m2)J of floor area of the

Exception: VRLA,lithiuni-ion or other types of sealed bat-

Exccption: Lithium-ion battcrics shall no1 require venti-

teries with irnmobilized electrolyte shall not require spill control.

lation.

608.5.1 Nonreco~nbinantbattery neutralization.For battery systems containing lcad-acid, nickel-cadmiurn or ocher types of batteries with free-flowing electrolytc, the mcthod and materials shall be capable of neutl-alizing a spill from the largest lead-acid battery to a pH between 7.0 and 9.0.

608.5.2 Recoinbinant battery neutralization. For VRLA or other typcs of sealcd batterics with immobilized electrolyte, the method and rnaterial shall be capable of neutralizing a spill of 3 pcrccnt of the capacity of the largest VRLA cell or block in the room to a pll between 7.0 and 9.0.

Exception: Lithium-ion batteries shall not requirc neutralization. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

CODE^

I

Required (6088) .

;

-

Not requircd

1

Required

I

L-

. - .

Not rcquired

1

i +

.

~-

/

I

4

Nn caps

Requird (608.3)

Nnt required

:

.- ~.~

~

Batteries . .

.~

i -. r-...-----.-----

+

1

Flooded Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) Batteries

rooni.

608.6.2 Cabinet ventilation. When VRLA batteries are installed inside a cabinet, the cabinct shall be approvcd for use in occupied spaccs and shall be mechanically or naturally vented by one of the following methods:

1 . The cabinet ventilation shall limit the maximum c o ~ i ccnlration of hydrogen to 1 percent of thc total voluinc of the cabinct during the worst-casc cvcnt of simultaneous "boost" charging of i l l the battcrics in the cabinet; or

2. When calculations are not available to substantiate the ventilation rate, cc)ntinuous ventilation shall bc provided at arate of not less than 1 cubic foot pel. minute per square foot [ I ft3/min/ft' o r 0.005 1 m3/(s . m?)1 53


of floor area covered by the cabinet. The room in which the cabinet is installed shall also b e ventilated as required in Scction 608.6.1.

608.7 Signage. Signs shall comply with Scctions 608.7. I and 608.7.2. 605.7.1 Equipment room and building signage. Doors into electrical equipment rooms or buildi~lgsconlaining stalionary battery systems shall be providcd with approved signs. The signs shall state that: 1. The rooin contains energized battery systems. 2. The room contains energized electl-ical circuits. 3. The battcry electrolyte solutions, where prcsent, are corrosive liquids. 608.7.2 Cabinet signage. Cabinets shall have extcrior labels [hat identify the manufacturer and model number of the system and electrical rating (voltage and current) of the contained baltery system. There shall bc signs within the cabinct that indicate the relevant electrical, chemical and ijrc hazards. 608.8 Seismicprc~tection.The battcry systems shall be seismically braced in accordance with the 1rzter.natio~zulBuilding Code. 608.9 Smoke detection. An approved autonlatic smoke delection system shall be installed in accordance with Scction 907.2 in roolns containing stationary battery systems. .r)

SECTION 609 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS [MI 607.1 General. Commercial kitchen exhaust hoods shall comply with the requirements of the Irztcnzational Mecizatzical Code.

[MI 609.2 Where required. A Type 1 hood shall be installed at or above all commercial cooking appliances and domestic cookinp applia~lcesuscd for commercial purposes that produce grease vilpors.


CHAPTER 7

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION SECTION 701 GENERAL 701.1 Scope. Thc provisions of this chapter shall specify the requirerncnts for and the ~~lairltenance of fire-resistance-rated for enclosing floor openings construction and rcq~~irements and shafls in existing buildings. I<ew construction shall comply Buildirzg Code. with thc Ir?tcr.norin~~al SECTION 702 DEFlNlTlONS 702.1 Tern~sdefined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chaptcr and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascrihcd to thcm as defined therein. SECTION 703 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTlON 703.1 blaintcnance. The required fire-resistance rating of fire-resistance-raled construction (including walls, firestops, shaft enclosures. partitions, smoke barriers, floors, firc-resistive coatings a ~ i dsprayed fire-resistant ~i~aterials applied to structural ~nembersand fire-resistant joint systems) shall be maintained. Such elcments shall be propcrly repaired, restored or repl;~ccdwhen damaged, altered, breached or penetrated. Openings nmdc therein for the passagc of pipes, electrical conduit, wires, ducts. air tra~isfcropenings and holes made for any rcason shall bc protected with approved methods capable of resisting the passage of smoke and fire. Openings through fire-resistance-ratcd assemblies shall be protectcd by self- or automatic-closing doors of approved construction meeting the fire protection recluire~ncntsfor the assembly. 703.1.'1 Fireblocking and draftstopping. Required fircblocking and draftstoppins in combustible concealed spaces shall be maintained to provide continuity and intcgrity of the construction.

$

703.1.2 Smoke barriers. Required smoke barricrs shall be ~naintainedto prevent thc passage of smoke and all openings protected with approvcd smoke barrier doors or smoke danipers. 703.2 Opening protectives. Opening protectivcs shall bc maintai~icdin an operative condition in accordance with NFPA 80. Fil-e cloors and smokc barrier doors shall not be blocked or obstructed orotherwisc madc inoperable. Fusible links shall be replaccd pro~nptly whenever fused or damaged. Fire door assc~nbliesshall not be modificd. 703.2.1 Signs. Where rcqu~rcdby thc firc code oflic~al,a 5ign shall be pcrmancntly dlsplaycd on or near each firc door in lcttcrs not less t11'1n 1 inch (25 ~ n m high ) to read a5 follows: I. For doors designcd to be kcpt normally open: FIRE DOOR-DO NOT BLOCK. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

2. For doors deslgned to bc kept normally closed: FIRE DOOR-KEEP CLOSED. 703.2.2 Ilold-open devices and closcrs. Hold-open devices and automatic door closcrs, wherc providcd, shall be maintained. During the pcriod that such dcvicc is out of service for repairs, the door it operates shall remain in thc closcd position. 703.2.3 Door operation. Swinging fire doors shall close from the full-open position and latch automatically. The door closer shall exert enough force to closc and latch the door from any partially open position. 703.3 Ceilings. The hanging and displaying of salablc goods and other decorative materials from acoustical ceiling systems that arc part of a fire-resistance-ratcd floor/cciling 01-I-oof/ceiIing assembly, shall be prohibited. 703.4 'resting. Horizontal and vcrticul sliding and rolling fire doors shall be inspccted and tested annually to confirm proper operation and full closure. A written record shall be maintained and be available to the fire code official.

SECTlON 704 FLOOR OPENINGS AND SHAFTS 704.1 Enclosure. Interior vertical shafts, including but not limited to stairways, elevator hoistways, service and utility shafts. that connect two or more stories of a building shall bc enclosed or protected as specified in Table 704.1. 704.2 Opening protectives. When openings are rccluiled to bc protected, opening protcctives shall be maintaincd self-closing or automatic-closing by smoke detection. Existing ELISible-link-type a~ltonlaticdoor-closing devices are permitted if the fusible link rating does not exceed 135 "F (57 "C).

FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATED CONSTRUCTION

TABLE 704.1 VERTICAL OPENING PROTECTION REQUIRED OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

.cro!t~J~. ._

kl!.ot!l:!:thac

All, other than Group I .

LAll

.

.

-

.

-

.

-

.

-

--

-

-

All. other than Group I

A'1'

Other

than Groups

-1 Vertical openings co~mectingtwo or Inore sto~ies I j7ertical openillgs connecting s pries

--

~~~rot"ct1prequjrrd".~ 1-hour protection or automalic sprinkle]-s t h r o u ~ h o u t ~ . ~. i 6 ..

C~VC)

Vertical openings connecting more than five stories

I

-~

~ ? ~ ? Z E ~ E : O ~ P ~ ~ ~ C ~ O ' ~ L ~-..! % Atiiums and covered mall buildings

and

PROTECTION REQUIRED

I I -hour protection

-

Vertical openings connecting three to five stories

, .... - than Group I 1.' ~ 1 1other . -

I

CONDITIONS

Escalator openings connecting four or less stories in a sprinklered building Ope~iingsmust be protected b y a draft jctlrtain and closely spaccd sprinklers in accordance with

~~

1 I -hour p r ~ t e c t i o n " . ~ ~

...-p....

~

-

.-

_.-~L!I o

r o t rctionrequit-ed"" I-hour protection or alltomatic sprinklers /throughout - . . . .

-

--

-~

i

1/ N o protection required

l~scalatoropenings in a sprinkiered building protected by a ) /draft curtain and closely spaced sprinklers in accordance with INo protection required iNFPA 13 a. Vcrticnl opening protection is not required for Group R-3 occupancies. opcning protcclion is not required for ope11parl\ing g w g e s and ramps.

ti. Vertical


CHAPTER 8

INTERlOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS SECTION 801 GENERAL 801.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern interior finish, interior trirn, furniture, furnishings, decorative materials and decorati\;c vegetation in buildings. Section 803 shall bc applicahlc to existing buildings. Sections 804 through 808 shall be applicable to new and existing buildings.

803.1.2 Classification in accordance with NFPA 286. Interior wall or ceiling finishes, other than tcxtiles. shall be allowed to be tested in-accordance with NFPA 286. Finishes tested in accordancc withNFPA4286 shall conlply with Scction 803.1.2.1. Interior wall and ceiling tinish materials. other than textiles, tested in accordancc with hTFPA286 and meeting the 3cceptancc criteria of 803.1 .2,1, shall be allvwed to be used wherc a Class A classification in accordance with ASTM E 84 is required.

SECTION 802 DEFINITIONS 802.1 Terms defined in Chapter 2. Words and terms used in this chapter and defined in Chapter 2 shall have the meanings ascribed to them as defined therein.

803.1.2.1 Acceptance criteria for interior finish materials tested to NFPA 286. During the 40 kW exposure, the interior finish shall comply with Item 1. During the 160 kW exposure, the interior iinish shall comply with ltem 2. During the entire test, the interior f i ~ ~ i sshall h comply with Item 3.

SECTION 803 lNTERlOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH AND TRIM IN EXISTING BUILDINGS 803.1 General. The provisions of this section shall limit the of interior allowable flame spread and smoke de\~elop~iicn~ wall and ceiling finishes and interior wall and ceiling trim in existing buildings based on location and occupancy classification. Interior wall and ceiling finishes shall be classified in i~ccordancewith Scction 803 of tlic Intet.~zzctionulBuilding Code. Such materials shall bc groupcd in accordance with ASTM E 84, a\ indicated in Section 803.1.1,01- in accordance with NFPA 286, as indicatcd in Section 803.1.2. Exceptions: I. Materii~lshaving a thickness less than 0.036 inch (0.9 m ~ n applied ) directly to the surface of walls and ceilings.

2. Exposcd portions of structural members con~plying with the rcquii-emelits of buildings of Type IV construction in accol-dance with thc l~itenzarinnalRrrilrlill,. Code shall not be subject to interior finish rcauiremcnts.

,

803.1.1 Classification in accordance with ASTM E 84. Intcrior finish materials shall be grouped in the following classes in accordance with their flame spread and smoke-dcvcloped index when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.

1. During thc 4 0 kW exposure, flames shall not spread to the cciling. 2. During the I60 kW exposure. the interior finish shall comply with the following: 2.1. Flame shall not sprcad to the outer extremity of the sample on any wall or ceiling. 2.2. Flashover, as dcfincd in NFPA 286. shall not occur. 3. The Lotal smoke released throughout the NFPA 286 test shall not exceed 1,000 ~u'. 803.2 Stability. Interior finish materials rcgulatcd by this chapter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that such materials will not readily become detached wherc subjcctcd to room tempcratures of 200°F (93°C) for not lcss than 30 minutes. 803.3 Interior finish requirements based on occupancy. Intcrior wall and ceiling finish shall have 3 fl;\mc spread index not greater than that specified in lhble 803.3 for the group and location designated. 803.4 Fire-retardant coatings. Thc required flan~cspl-cad or smoke-dcveloped index of surfaccs in existing buildings shall be allowed to be achicvcd by application of approvcd fire-retardant coatings, paints or solutions to surfaccs having n tlamc sprcad index exceeding that allowed. Such applications shall colnplv . * with NFPA 703 and the rcauircd fire-retardant .oroocrt ~ e sshall be maintained or renewed in accordancc with the manufacturer's instructions. a

Class A: flamc spread indcx 0-25; smoke-developed index 0-450. Class B: fla~rlespread index 26-75: smoke-developed index 0-450. Class C: t l a ~ n espread index 76-200; smoke-developed index 0-450.


803.5 Textiles. Wherc used as intcsior wall or cciling finish materials, textiles, including- materials having- wovcn or nonwoven. napped. tuftcd, looped or similar sul.F~cc.shall comply with the requirements of this section.

INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATWE MATERIALS AND FURNlSHlNGS

TABLE 803.3 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCYk

1 Exit enclosures and

i

1

I

exit passageways" - . .... ..--T

!

Corridors . -.~L

Rooms and enclosed spacesc ..

/

'

Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa~' . J-.

I

Corridors ..........

.

Rooms and enclosed spacesc

I

R-2.

.. .

1

!

I

-

..

R.3

1

1

.

.....

......

1 .

....

-1

s

i

U

-

-

I

....

. . . . . . . . .

-

C

c c

-

.'-~..

i i

. . . . . . . . . . .

1

.

C

..

-1-I

c c

~-

I ...

}

. .

1

c

.

7---

~-

..J

--

~--J. ...

.

1!

.

-~ ----

i

B

.

C

I

No Restrictions . .

j I

.

.

.

i~

B

...

i

-l-..

No Restrictions ....... .

..

I

~

-.-, 1

.

--

~

..

...

!

- ~ l

~~~

C

-

-- ... -~ .

~.

c ......... ......

i

i

For SI: I inch = 25.4 mm. I square h o t = 0.0919 m2. a. Class C intcrior finish rnaterials shall he allowed for wainscotting or paneling of nut rnore than 1,000 square k e t of applied surface area in the gr:ldc lobhy where applied directly to a nonzonihustihle base or over lurring strips applied to a noncombustible base andfirehlocked as required by Sectio~l803.4ofChcIrr1er~r~~iri01~~ji Hltiltlirrfi Cod[,.

h. In cvil enclosurt.s 01'huildings less tha~lthree storics in height of other than Group 1-3, Class B interior fir~ishfor nonsprinklerecl buildings and Class C for sprirlklcred buildings shall he permitted. c. Reqi~irementsl'ol.sooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces znclosed by pcu'titions. Where a tire-resistance rating is required for structural elements, the c~~closing partitions shall extend from the tloor to the ceiling. Pl~rtitio~~s tlwt do not coniply with this shall he co~~sidered as ellclosi~lgspaces and ttlc rooms or spaccs on hoth sides shall he considered as one. In determining the applicable requirernents I,r rooms andenclosed spaces, thc specilic occtqxlncy tl~ereofshall be the governing factor regardless of the group classification of thc building or structure. d. Lobby areas in Group A-I, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials. e. Class C ii~teriortinish ~natesialsshall he allowed in Group I\ ozcupancies with an occupant load of 300 persons or less. f. In places of rel~giousworsl~ip,wood used tbs ornamental purposes; trusses, pancling or chancel fi~rnishingshall be allwed. g. C1:lss B material is required where the buildir~gexceeds two stories. Ii. Class C interior linish inateri:~lsshall be allowed in administrative spaces. i. CI:lss C interior tinish materials shall be allo\vrd in molns with a c:~pilcityof four persons or less. j. Clasa B materials shall he allowcd as wai~lscoti~lg extending not more than 48 incliea above the finished floor in corridors. k. Finish n~atcrialsas provided for in other sections of this code. I. Applies whet^ the vertical exits. exit passageways, corridors or rooms and spaces are protected by an approved ;u~tomnticsprinkler systeni installed in accordal~cc with Scction 903..3. l .I or 903.3.1.2.

803.5.1 Textile wall coverings. Textilc wall coverings shall comply with onc of thc following: I . Thc covcrings shall havc a Class A flame spread index in accordance with ASTNI E 84 and be protected by automatic sprinklers installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2,

2. The covering shall nicet the criteria of Section 803.5.1.1 or 803.5.1.2 when tested in the nlanner intended for use in accordancc with NFPA 265 sing the product-niounting system, inclutling adhesive, of actual use. or 3. The covering shall mcct the criteria of Scction 803.1.2.1 when tcsted in accordance with NFPA 286 using the product-mounting system, including adhcsive, of actual use. 58

803.5.1.1 Method A test protocol. During the Method A protocol, flame shall not spread to the ccil~ngdur~ng t t ~ c40 kW cxposure. During thc 150 kW cxposure. 1hc text~lewall coverlng shall comply with all of 1hc followlng: I . Flame shall not spread to the outer cxtl.cmity of thc sample on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 mm by 305 mm) wall.

2. The specimen shall not burn to the outer extremity of the 2-foot-wide (610 inn)) samples mouutcd in the corner of the room. 3. Burning droplcts deemed capable of igniting textile wall coverings or that burn for 30 seconds or more shall not form. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

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INTERIOR FINISH, DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

4. Flashover, as defined in KFPA 265, shall not occur.

5. The nlaximunl net instantaneous peak heat release the burner output rate, dctcrmined by s~~btracting from the maximum heat release rate, does not exceed 300 kW.

803.5.1.2 Method B test protocol. During the Method B protocol. flames shall [lot spread to the ceiling at any time during the 40 kW exposure. During the 150 kW exposure. the textile wall covering shall co~nplywith the following: I . Flamc shall not spread to the outer extrem~tiesof the samples on the 8-foot by 12-foot (203 nlm by 305 mm) walls. 2. Flashover? as defined in NFPA 265, shall not occur.

803.6 Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings. Expandcd vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall comply with the requirements of either Section 803.6.1 or 803.6.2. 803.6.1 General. Expandcd vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall con~plywith the requirements of Section 803.1.2. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings coniplyir~gw ~ t h Scction 803.1.2 shall not be required to comply with Section 803.1.1 . 803.6.2 Compliance alternative. Expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings shall bc allowed to co~nplywith the requirements for textile wall or ceiling coverings in Scction 803.5. 803.7 Foam plastic materials. Foam plastic materials shall not be used as interior wall and ceiling finish 11n1essspecifically allowed by Section 803.7.1 or 803.7.2. Foam plastic materials shall not be uscd as interior trim unless specifically alloulcd by Section 803.7.3. 803.7.1 Combustibility characteristics. Foam plastic materials shall bc allowcd on the basis of fire tests that substantiate thcir combustibility characteristics for the use intcnded under actual fire conditions, as indicated in Section 2603.9 of the ltrrc~~n~rrinncil B~rildii~g Cods. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a tcxtile or vinyl facing or cover. 803.7.2 Thermal barrier. Foam plastic material shall be allowcd if it is separated from the interior of the building by a themla1 barrier in accordance with Section 2603.4 of the I~zrrmationalB~riltlir~g Code,

803.7.3 Trirn. Foam plastic shall he allowed for trim not in cxccss of 10 perccnr of the wall or ceiling area, provided such trim is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m3)in density; is limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness and X inches (203 111111) in width, and exhibits a flame spread indcx not exceeding 75 when testcd in accordance with ASTM E 84. The smoke-developed index shall not be limited.


SECTION 804 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING TRIM IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 804.1 Interior trim. Material. other than foam plastic, used as interior trim shall have a 111inimurnClass C flamc spread and smoke-developed indcx, when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84> as described in Section 803.1 . I . Combustible trim. excluding handrails and guardrails. shall not exceed 10 percent of thc aggregate wall or ceiling area in which it is located. 804.2 Foam plastic. Foam plastic used as intcrior trim shall comply with Scctions 804.2.1 thl-ough 804.2.4. 804.2.1 Density. The minimum density of the interior trim shall be 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kg/m"). 804.2.2 Thickness. The maximum thickness of the interior trim shall be 0.5 inch (12.7 mm) and the niaximum width shall bc 8 inches (203 n n ) . 804.2.3 Area limitation. The interior trim shall not constitute more than 10 percent of the aggregate wall and ceiling area of a room or space. 804.2.4 Flame spread. The flame spread indcx shall not exceed75 where testedin accordance with ASTM E 84. The smoke-developed index shall not be limited.

SECTION 805 UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATTRESSES IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 805.1 Group 1-1, board and care facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.1.1 through 805.1.2 shall apply to board and care facilities classified in Group I- I . 805.1.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholster-ed furniture shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.1.1.1 and 805. I .I.?. 805.1.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced upholstered furniture shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as dete~minedby tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 200 and shall mcet the requirements of Class I. Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinlclcr system installed in accordance with Section 90.1.3.1.1. 805.1.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall have limited ratcs of hcat rcleasc when tested in accordance with AS'TM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows: 1. The peak rate of heat release for thc single up1101stered furniture item shall not excced 80 kW.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in roonls or spaccs protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Section 993.3.1 .I.


2. The total energy released by the single upholstered f~~rniture itcm during the first 5 millutes of the test shall not exceed 24 megajoules (MJ).

Exception: Upholstered furniturc in rooms or spaces protectcd by an approved automatic sprinkler systeni installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.1.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear thc label of an approvedagency. confirming compliance w ~ t hthe requirements of Scctions 805.1.1.1 and 805.1.1.2. 805.1.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall mect the requirements of Sections 805.1.2.1 through 805.1 2.3. 805.1.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as dete~minedby tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inches (5 1 mm). Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 805.1.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of heat relcase when tested in accordancc with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129, as follows: 1. The pcak ratc of heat rclease for the single upholstcred f~~rniturc item shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattrcsses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy released by the single upholstered furniture itcm during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 M J .

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm iilstallcd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.1.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of all approvcd agcncy, confirming compliance with the recluircments of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2. 805.2 Group 1-2, nursing homes and hospitals. The requirements in Sections 805.2.1 through 805.2.2 shall apply to nursing homcs and hospit:lls classified in Group 1-2. 805.2.1 Upholstered fi~rniture.Newly introduced upholstered furniturc shall meet the rcquirc~nentsof Scctions 805.2.1.1 through 805.2.1.3. 805.2.1.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced shall be shown to resist ignition by upholstered f~~rniture cigarettes as detcrlnined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following: (a) mocked-up compositcs ol'the upholstcred furniture shall have a char lcngth

nor exceeding 1.5 inches (38 rnnl) when tested in accordance with NFPA 261 or (b) the components of thc upholstercd furniture shall meet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordance with NFPA 260.

Exceptions: 1. Upholstered furniture belonging to the patient in sleeping rooms of nursing homcs (Group 1-2), provided that a smokc dctcctor is installed in such rooms. Battcry-powered, single-station smoke alarms shall be allowed. 2. Upholstercd furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an approvcd automatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1.

805.2.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstered furniturc shall havc limitcd rates of hcat relcase when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537 or California Technical Bulletin 133, as follows: 1. Thc peak rate of heat releasc for the single upholstered furniture item shall not exceed 80 1<W.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protectcd by an approvcd automatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scctio~i903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy released by the single upholstcrcd furniture item dur~ngthc first 10 minutes of the test shall not exceed 25 MJ. Exception: Upholstered furniture in roorus or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.2.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniturc shall bear the label of an approvcd agcncy, confirming compliance with the requirements of Scctions 805.2.1.1 a ~ i d 805.2.1.2. 805.2.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1 through 805.2.2.3. 805.2.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly ~ntroduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tcsts conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 inchcs (51 mm). 805.2.2.2 Neat release rate. Newly introduced mattresses shall have limited rates of hcat release when tested in accordancc with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129. as follows: 1. The peak ratc of heat releasc for the single mattress shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattrcsses in roolns or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcln installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.

2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'

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-


2. The total energy released by the single mattress during the first 10 minutes of thc test shall not excced 25 MJ.

Exception: Mattrcsses in rooms or spaces protccted by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.2.2.3 Identification. Mattresses shall bear the label of an approved agency. confirming conlpliance with the requircments of Sections 805.2.2.1 and 805.2.2.2. 805.3 Group 1-3, detention and correction facilities. The requirements in Sections 805.3.1 through 805.3.2 shall apply to detention and correction faciliticb classified in Group 1-3. 805.3.1 Upholstered furniture. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall meet thc requircments of Sections 805.3.1.1 through 805.3.1.3 805.3.1.1 lgnition by cigarettes. Newly introduccd upholctereci fu~niturcshall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with one of the following 1. Moclted-up composites of thc upholstered furniturc shall ha\e a char length not exceeding 1.5 inches (28 mm) when tcsled In accordance with NFPA 16 1, or

2. The components of thc upholstcred furniture shall mcet the requirements for Class I when tested in accordancc with NFPA 260. Exception: Upholstered furniturc in rooms or spaces protccted by an approved autonlatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.1.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduced upholstercd furniture shall have limited ratcs of heat release whcn tested in accordance with ASTM E 1537. as follows:

I . 'The peak rate of heat relcasc for the single upholstercd furniturc item shall not exceed 80 kW.

installed in accordancc Section 903.3.1.1.

805.3.1.3 Identification. Upholstered furniture shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirrningcompliance with thc requirelnenls of Sections 805.3.1.1 and 805.3.1.2. 805.3.2 Mattresses. Newly introduced mattresses shall meet the requirements of Sections 805.3.2.1 through 805.3.2.3. 805.3.2.1 Ignition by cigarettes. Newly introduced mattresses shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with DOC 16 CFR Part 1632 and shall have a cl~drlcngth not exceeding 2 inches (5 1 mm). Esception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protcctcd by an approved autoniatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.2.2 Heat release rate. Newly introduccd mattresses shall have limited ratcs of heat rclcase whcn tested in accordance with ASTM E 1590 or California Technical Bulletin 129; as follows: 1 . The peak rate of heat release for the singlc nlattrcss shall not exceed 100 kW.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved aulomatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 2. The total energy relcasedhy the single upholstered

furniture item during the first 10 minutcs of thc lcst shall not exceed 75 MJ.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 805.3.2.3 Identification. Mattrcsses shall bear the label of an approved agency, confirming compliance with the requircments of Sections 805.3.2.1 and 805.3.2.2.

Exceptions: 1. In Use Condition I, II and I11 occupanSECTION 806 cies, as dcfined in the I~zte~.izutic~nul DECORATIVE VEGETATION Biiilding Code. upholstered furniture in IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS rooms or Tpaces protected by approved 806.1 Natural cut trees. Natural cot trecs. where allowed by s ~ n o k edetectors that initiate. without this scetion, shall have the trunkbottoms cut off at least 0.5 inch dclay. an alarm that is audible in that (12.7 mnl) above the original cut and shall be placed in a suproom or space. port device coinplying with Section 806.1 .?. 2. Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces 806.1.1 Restricted occupancies. Natural cut trees shall bc protccted by an approved autolnatic prohibited in Group A, E, 1-1.1-2,1-3,I-3, M. R- I . R-2 and sprinkler system installcd in accordance R-4 occupancies. with Scction 903.3.1.1, 2. Thc total energy released by the singlc upholstered furniture item during the first 10 minutes of the test shall not excced 15 MJ.

Exception: Upholsrercd furniturc in roonis or spaces protcetcd by an approved automatic 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'

Exceptions: 1. Trees located in areas protected by an approvcd automatic sprinkler systcm instal led in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 shall not be prohibited in Groups A, E, M. R- 1 and R-2.


2. Trees shall be allowed within dwelling units in Group R-2 occupancies.

806.1.2 Support devices. The support device that holds the tree in an upright position shall be of a type that is stable and that meets all of the following criteria: I . The device shall hold the tree securely and be of adequate size to avoid tipping over of the tree. 2. The device shall bc capable of containing a minimum two-day supply of water.

3. Thc water level, when full, shall cover the tree stem at least 2 inches (5 1 mm). The water levcl shall be maintamed above tlic fresh cut and checked at least once dally.

806.1.3 Dryness. The tree shall bc removed from the building whenever the needles or leaves fall off readily when a tree branch is shaken or if the needles are brittle and break when bent between the thurnb and index finger. The tree shall be checked daily for dryness. 806.2 Artificial vegetation. Artificial decorative vegetation shall meet thc flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701. Mccting the flame propagation performancc critcria of NFPA 701 shall be docu~nentedand certified by the manufacturcr in an approved manner. 806.3 Obstruction of means of egress. The required width of any portion of a means of egress shall no: be obstructed by decorativc vegetation. 806.4 Open flame. Candlcs and open flames shall not be used on or near dccorative vcgetatlon. Natural cut trees shall be kept a tlistance from heat vents and any open flame or heat-producing devices at least equal to the height of the tree. 806.5 Electrical fixtures and wiring. The use of unlisted electrical wiring and lighting on natural cut trees and artificial decorativc vegetation shall be prohibited. The use of electrical wiring and lighting on artificial trees constructed entirely of metal shall be prohib~tcd. SECTION 807 DECORATIVE MATERIALS OTHER THAN DECORATIVE VEGETATION IN NEW AND EXISTING BUfLDlNGS 807.1 General requirements. In occupancies in Groups A. E. 1 and R-I and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies, hangings and othcr decorative ~naterialssuspended from walls or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performancc critcria of NFPA 701 in accordance with Section 806.2 or be nonconibustihle.

considered interior finish if they covcr 10 pcrccnt or more of thc wall or ofthe ceiling area. and shall not be considered decorative materials or furnishings. In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet thc flame propagation perfhr~nancecrltcria In accordance with Section 807.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.

807.1.1 Noncombustible materials. Thc permissible amount of noncombustiblc decorative rnatcrial shall not be 1 iniitcd. 807.1.2 Combustible decorative materials. The permis& ble amount of decorative materials ~nectingthe flame propagation pcrfomiance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not cxccetl I0 percent of the aggregate area of walls and ceilings. Exceptions: I . In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible amount of decorative material mceting thc flamc propagallon pcrformancc criteria of NFPA 701 shall not exceed 50 percent of the aggregate areaof walls and ceiling where the building is equippcd throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and where the material is installed in accordance with Code. Section 803.4 of the Ilztcr-~~atio~?alBuildi~zg 2. The amount of fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor in Group B and M occupancies shall not bc limited.

807.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Wlicre requircd to be flamc resistant, decorative materials shall hc tested by an approved agency and meet the flame propagation performancc c r i t e r i a of NFPA 7 0 1 , o r s u c h m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e noncombustiblc. Reports of test results shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 701 and Furnished to the fire code official upon request. 807.3 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other matcrial consisting of or coated with apyroxylin or similarly lia7ardous base shall not be used in Group A occupancies. 807.4 Occupancy-based requirements. In occupancies in Group A? E and 1-4 day care facilities, decorative materials other than decorative vegetation shall comply with Sections 807.4.1 through 807.4.4.2. 807.4.1 General. All of the following rcquiremcnts shall al.>plyto all Group A and E occupancies and Group 1-4 day care facilities regulated by Sections 807.4.2 through 807.4.4: I. Explosive or highly flammable materials. Furnishings or decorative ~liaterialsof an explosive or highly fla~nmable character shall not be used.

111Groups 1-1 and 1-2,conibustible decorative~natcrialsshall meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the dccorativc materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings. arc of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire devclopmcnt or spread is no1 present. 111Group 1-3, conibustible dccorative materials arc prohibited.

2. Fire-retardant coatings. Fire-retardant coatings in existing bnildings shall be maintained so as to retain the cffectiveness of the treatment under scrvice conditions encountercd in actual use.

Fixed or movablc walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads and crash pads, applicd structurally or for decoration. acoustical correction. surface insulation or other purposes, shall be

3. Obstructions. Furnishings or other objects shall not bc placed to obstruct cxits. access thereto, egress therefrom or visibility thereof. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

INTERIOR FINISH. DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND FURNISHINGS

807.4.2 Group A. The recluircments in Sections S07.4.2.1 through 807.4.2.3 shall apply to occupancies in Group A. 807.4.2.1 Foam plastics. Exposed foam plastic materials and unprotected materials containing foam plastic used for dccorativc purposes, or stage scenery or exhibit booths shall have a maxirnum heat release rate of 100 kW when tested in accordance with UL 1975. Exceptions: I. Individual foam plastic items or items containing foam plastic where the foam plastic does not cxceed I pound (0.45 kg) in wcight. 2. Cellular or foam plastic shall be allowed for trim not in excess of 10 perccnt of the wall or ceil~ngarea, provided it is not less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320 kglmJ)in densit); is limited to 0.5 inch (12.7 mn1)in thickness and 8 inches (204 mm) in width; and complies with the requirements for Class B intcrior wall and ceiling finish. except that thc smoke-developed indcx shall not be limited.

807.4.2.2 Motion picture screens. The screens upon which motion picturcs arc projected in new and exist~ng buildings of Group A shall either nlcet the flame propagation pcrforrnance criteriaof NFPA 701 or shall comply with the requirements for a Class B interior Finish in accordance with Section 803 of the hzteriiational Bz~I'lclii7g Corlt,. 807.4.2.3 Wood use in Group A-3 places of' religious \vorship. In places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses; paneling or chancel furnishing shall bc allowed. 807.4.3 Group E. Tile requirements in Sections 807.4.3.1 and 807.4.3.2 shall apply to occupancies in Group E. 807.4.3.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and personal effccts shall not bc storcd in corridors and lobbies.

1. Corridors protected by an approved autornatic sprinkler system installed in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1.1. 2. Corridors protected by an appror~cdsmoke dctcction system installed in accordance with Section 907. 3. Storagc in metal lockers, provided the minimum required cgress width I S maintained.

807.4.3.2 Artwork. Artwork and teaching niateri:~ls shall he limited on the walls of corridors to not rnorc than 20 pcrcent of the wall area. 807.4.4 Group 1-4, day care facilities. The requirements in Scctions 807.4.4.1 and 807.4.4.2 shall apply to day care facilities classified in Group S-4.


807.4.4.1 Storage in corridors and lobbies. Clothing and pcrsonal effects shall not be storcd in corridors and lobbies. Exceptions: 1. Corridors protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installccl in accordancc with Section 903.3.1.1. 2. Corridors protected by an approved snlokc detection system installed in accordancc with Section 907. 3. Storage in mctal lockers, provided thc minimum requi~edegress width is maintained.

807.4.4.2 Artwork. Artwork and tciiching ruatcrials shall be limited on walls of corr~dorsto not rnorc than 20 percent of the wall area. SECTION 808 FURNISHINGS OTHER THAN UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE AND MATRESSES OR DECORATIVE MATERIALS IN NEW AND EXISTING BUILDINGS 808.1 Wastebaskets in Group 1-3, detention and correction facilities. Wastebaskets and other waste containcrs, including their lids, located in Group 1-3 detention and corrcction facilities shall be constructed of noncomhustihlc materials or of materials that meet a peal< rate of heat rclease not exceeding 300 kWlm2 when tested in accordance with ASTM E 1354 at an incident heat flux of 50 kW/m2 in the horizontal orientation. Metal wastebaskets and other metal wnstc containers with a capacity of 20 gallons (75.7 L) or rnorc shall bc listed in accordance with UL 1315 and shall h e providcd with a noncombustible lid. 808.2 Signs. Foanl plastic signs that arc not affixed to interior building surfaces shall have a maxi~numhcat rclcase rate of 150 kW when tested in accordancc with UL, 1975. Exception: Wl~erethe aggregate area of foam plasric signs is less than 10 percent of thc floor arca or wall arca of the room or space in which the signs are locatcd, whichever is less, subject to the approval of the fire code official.


FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS SECTION 901

GENERAL

under this section shall be installed in accortlancc with this code and thc applicable refel-enccd standards.

901.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall specify where tire protcction systems are required and shall apply to the dcsign, installation. inspection, opel-ation, testing and maintenance of all fire protection systems.

901.4.4 Appearance of equipment.Any device that has the physical appearance of lifc safety or firc protcction cquiprnent but that does not perform that life safety or fire protection fi~r~ction, shall be prohibited.

901.2 Construction documents. The fire code oficial shall have the authority to require construction documents and calculations for all fire protcctior~systems and to require permits hc issued for the installation, rehabilitation or modification of any firc protection system. Construction documents for fire ~ ~ s be submitted for review and approval protcction s y s t e ~ shall prior to system installation.

901.5 Installation acceptance testing. Fire dctection and alarm systems, fire-extinguishing systcn~s,fire hydrant systems, fire standpipe systcms, tire pump systcms, private fire service mains a ~ i dall other fire protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall be subjcct to acceptance tcsts as containcd in the installation standards and as approved by the fire code official. The tire code official shall be notified bcfore any required acceptance testing.

901.2.1 Statement of compliance. Before requesting final approval of the installation, wherc required by the fire code official, [he installing contractor shall furnish a written statement to the lire codc ofticial that the subjcct fire protection system has bcen installed in accordancc with approved plans and has becn tested in accorda~tcewith the manufacturer's specifications and the appropriate ins~allaliunstandard. Any deviations from the dcsign standards shall he notcd and copies of the approvals for such deviations shall be attached to the written statement. 901.3 Permits. Pcrrnits shall be required as set forth in Section 105.6 and 105.7. 901.4 Installation. Fire protection systems shall hc maintained in accordance with the original installation standards for that system. Requircd systcrns shall he extended: altered, or augmented as neccssary to maintain and continue protection whenever the building is altcred, rcmodeled or added to. Alterations to fire protection systems shall be done in accordance with applicable standards. 901.4.1 Required fire protection systems. Fire protection systems required by this code or the hzterr1cttio7zalBr~ildirig Ccrde bc installed, repaired, operated, tested and maintaincd in accordance with this code. 901.4.2 Nonreciuired fire ~ ~ o t p r t svstems. io~ Any fire protection system or portion thereof not required by this code or Lhe D~~enzatiorinl Rrrildirzg Code shall he allowed to be for partial ol. complete protection

901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unla\vful to occupy any portion of a building or structure until the required fire detcction. alami and suppression systcms have bcen tested and approved. 901.6 Inspection, testing and maintenance. Fire dctection, alarm and extinguishing systems shall be nlaintaincd in an operative condition at all times, and shall be rcplaccd or repaired where defective. Nonrequired fire protection systems and eq~riprnentshall be inspected, tested and ~r~aintaincd or removed. 901.6.1 Standards. Fire protection systcms shall he inspected, tested and accordance with the referenced standards listed in Table 901.6.1. TABLE 901.6.1 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE STANDARDS ~~. . ~

.

.

-

-

SYSTEM- .

. /~ortnhlc firc extinguishers

-. .-

_

.

~~~

-

c'

. ..

.

'

ICa,.bon dioxide firc.cwlinguishing system -

~

~~

STANDARD-

. .

,

NFPA10 NPI'A~12

.

-

1

!I

~

-

~~~

1

. -~

I

.j

-_

1

~ f i ~ " n * ~ ~ ~ i ~ - ~ ~ + i s @ .?I 2~* ~ ~ g ~ ~ ~ s I

~~

~

lD~~-chemjcal.exti~~~lisIli~~s~~~tems~. . I -

.

NFPA 17.

.

I

/ _ W e t - c & m i ~ 1 ~ ? ; @ g ~ j ~ s ~ ? g . s--y ~ t g n s ~-

i

!\Yat~lba.;e~iire~rolecti~c.~s~~lems ~.~

such installed system meets the rauirements of this code and the ~rzteu~atioriul Rtrildi17g Code.

j~l:%!l~fin b q . i r S ! L

901.4.3 Additional fire protection systems. In occupancics of a hazardous nature? wherc special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazards of the occupancy. or where the fire code official determines that access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, the firc cvde official shall have the authority to require additional safeguards. Such safeguards include. but shall not be limited to. the following: automatic fire detection systems, fire darn1 systems. auton-iatic fire-extinguishinj systems, standpipe systems, or portable or fixed extinguishers. Fire protection equipment rcquired

~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ esystems~~n t ~ ~ ~ ---ti i ~NFl'A ~ g 2001 u & ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~


~ - -

~

~-

. --

. ~~~

1I

1

NFPA 750 ~~

901.6.2 Records. Records of all system inspections, tcsts and maintenance required by the refere~lccdstandards shall bc maintained on the preniises for a minimum of t-hrceycars and shall be copied to the fire code official upon rcquest. 901.6.2.1 Records information. Initial records shall includc the name ofthe installation contractol-, type of components installed. manufacturer of the components. location 65

I

FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

and number of components installed per floor. Records shall also include thc ~nanufacturers'ooeration and maintenance instruction manuals. Such records shall be maintained on thc premiscs.

901.7.6 Restoring systems to service. When impaired equipment is restorcd to normal working order, the impairment coordinator shall verify that all of the rollowing procedures have been implemented:

901.7 Systems out of service. Where a required fire protection . fire department and the fire code system is out of s c ~ i c ethe official shall bc notified immediately and, where required by the fire codc official. thc building shall either bc evacuated or an approved tirc watch shall be provided for all occupants left unprotected by the shut down until the fire protection system has been returned to service.

1. Necessary inspections and tcsts have bccn conducted to vcrify that affected systcms are opcrational.

Where utilized, fire watches shall be pi.ovided with at least one approved means for notification of thc tire department and their only duty shall be to perform constant patrols of the protectcd premises and kecp watch for fircs.

901.7.1 Impairment coordinator. The building owner shall assign an impairtnent coordinator to comply with thc requirements of this section. In the absencc of a specific designee, thc owner shall be considered the impairment coordinator. 901.7.2 Tag required. A tag shall be used to indicate that a system, or portion thercof, has been removed from scrvicc. 901.7.3 Placement of tag. 'The tag shall be posted at each firc department connection, system control valve, fire alarm control unit. fire alarrn annunciator and fire corninand center, indicating which system, or part thereof, has been removed from service. The fire code official shall specify where the tag is to be placed. 901.7.4 Preplanned impairment programs. Prcplanned impairrncnts shall bc authorized by the impairr~lentcoordinator. Before authorization is given, a designated individual shall bc responsible for verifying that all of the following procedures havc been implemented:

2. Supervisors have been advised that protection is restored.

3. Thc fire departrncnt has been advised that protection is restored. 4. The building ownerlrnanager, insurance carrier, alarm company and other involved partics have bccn advised that protection is restored. 5. The impairment tag has been rcmoved.

901.8 Removal of or tampering wit11 equipment. It shall be unlawful for any person to remove, tamper with or otherwise disturb any firc hydrant, tire detection and alarm system, fire suppression system, or other firc appliance required by this code except for the purpose of extinguishing fire, training purposes, recharging or making necessary repairs, or when approved by the fire code official. 901.8.1 Rernoval of or tampering with appurtenances. Loclcs, gates, doors. barricades, chains, cnclosures, signs, tags or seals which havc been installed by or at the direction of the fire code official shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with or otherwisc vandalized in any manner. 901.9 Reci~llof fire protection components. Any firc protcction systemcomponent regulated by this codc that is the subject of a voluntary or mandatory recall under federal law shall bc replaced with approved, listed components in compliance with the referenced standards of this code. The fire code official shall be notified in writing by the building owncr when the recalled component parts havc been replaced.

I . The extent and cxpected duration of the impairment havc bccn dctc~mined.

2. Thc areas or buildings involved have been inspected and thc increased risks determined. 3 . Recon~mcndationshave been submitted to management or building ownerlrnanager. 4. The firc departrncnt has been notified.

SECTION 902 DEFlNlTlONS 902.1 Definitions. The following wol-ds and terins shall. forthe purposes of this chapter and as used clsewherc in this code, have thc meanings shown herein.

5. The insurance carricr. the alarm company, building owncrlmanager, and other authorities having jurisdiction have bccn notified.

ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A firc alarm system component such as a bell. horn, speaker, light, or text display that provides audible, tactile, or v~sibleoutputs. or any combination thercof.

6. Thc supervisors in the areas to be affected have bccn notified.

ALARM SIGNAI,. A signal indicating Lrn emcrgcncy rcquiring immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.

7. A tag impairinent system has been implemented.

8. Necessary tools and materials have been assembled on the impairment site.

901.7.5 Emergency impairments. When unplanned impainnents occur. appropriate emergency action shall be talcen to minimize potential i17juiyand damage. The impairment coordinator shall implement the steps outlined in Section 901.7.4.

ALARM VERIFLCATION FEATURE:. A fcaturc of autoniatic tire detection and alarm systems to reduce u~~wanted alarms wherein smoke detectors report alarm conditions tor a minimum period of time, or confin11 alarm conditions within a given time period, after being automatically rcset, in order to be accepted as a valid alalm-initiation signal. ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing onc or more indicator lamps, alphc~numcricdisplays, or othcr ecluivalcnt mcanh in 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

which cach indication providcs status information about a circuit. condition or location.

AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A notification nppliancc that alerts by the scnse of hearing. AUTOMATIC. As applicd to fire protcction devices, is a device or system providing an emergency function without the necessity for human intervention and activated as a result of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of tempcrature rise, or combustion p~.oducts. AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. An approved system of devices and equipment which automatically detects a firc and discharges an approved fire-extinguishing agent onto or in thc area of a firc. AUTOMATJC SPRINKLER SYSTEM. A sprinlder system, for fire protcction purposes, is an integrated systcm of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards. The system includes a suitable water supply. The portion of the system above thc ground is a network of specially sizcd or hydraulically designed piping installcd in a structure or arca, gcnerally overhead, and to which automatic sprinklcrs are connected in a systematic pattern. The systcm is usually activated by hcat from a fire and discharges watcr ovcr the fire area. AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL. The root mean square, A-weighted sound prcssurc level measured over a 24-hour pcriod. CARBON DIOXlDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTENI. A syst c ~ nsupplying carbon dioxidc (CO,) from a pressurized vessel through fixed pipes and nozzles. The system includes a manual- or automatic-actuating nlechanis~n. CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting. volatile, or gascous fire evtinguishant that does not Icave a rcsidue upon evaporation. CONSTANTLY ATTENDED 1,OCATION. A designated l o c a t i o ~at~a facility staffed by trained personnel on a continuous basis whcre alarm or supervisory signals aremonitored and facilities arc provided for notification of the fire department or other emergcncy services. DISLUGE SYSTEM. A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers attached to a piping system connected to a water supply through a valve that is opencd by the opcration of a dctection systcrn installed in thc sarne area as the sprinklers. When this valvc opens, water flows illto the piping systern and discharges from all sprinklcrs attachcd thercto. DIYTECTOR, HEAT. A fire detector that senses heat produced by burning substances. Iieat is the energy produced by conlbustion that causcs substailces to rise in temperature. DRY-CHEI\/IICAL EXTINGUISHKNG AGENT. A powder composcd of small particles, usually of sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, urca-potassium-based bicarbonate. potassiunl chloridc or non no ammonium phosphatc, with added ],articulate matcrial supplcmentcd by spccial treatment to provide rcsistance to packing, rcsistance to moisture absorption (cakingj and thc proper flow capabilities. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A syste~nto providc indication and warning of emergency situations involving hazardous materials. EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNICATIONS. Dedicated manual or automatic facilities for originating and distributing voice instructions, as well as alcrt and cvacuation signals pertaining to a fire emergency, to the occupants of a building. FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. Sec "Manual firc alarm box." FIRE A1,AKM CONTROL UNIT. A system component that receives inputs from automatic and manual firc alarm deviccs and is capable of supplying power to dctcction deviccs and transponder(s) of off-premiscs transmitter(s). 'The control unit is capable of providing a transfer of power to the notification appliances and transfcl- of condition to rclays of dcviccs. FIRE A1,ARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a fire alann-initiating dcvice such as a manual firc alarm box, automatic fire detector, water-flow switch, or other devicc whosc activation is indicative of thcpresence of afireor fire signaturc. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A system or portion of a combinats to tion system consisting of con~ponentsand c i r c ~ ~ iarranged monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiatc the appropriatc response to those signals. [B] FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and bounded by fire walls, fire barriers, extcrior walls, or firc-rcsistance-rated horizontal asscmblics of a building. FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A dcvice dcsigncd to detect the prcsencc of a fire signaturc and to initiatc action. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approvcd deviccs. cquipment and systcms or combinations of systcms used to detcct a fire, activatc an alarm, extinguish or control a fire? control or manage smoke and products of a fire or any combination thercof. FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS. Building and firc control functions that are intended to increasc the lcvel of life safcty for occupants or to control the spread of thc har11if~i1 cffccts of flrc. FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A spccinl system discharging a foam madc from conccntratcs, either mechanically or chctnically, ovcr thc area to be protected. HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. A tire-extinguishing system using one or morc atoms of an clement from the halogen chemical serics: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The pcrson I-csponsible for the maintenance of a particular fire protcction system. INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originates transmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a smoke dctcctor, manual firc alarm box, or supervisory switch. MANUAL FIKE ALARM BOX. A manually operated device ~ ~ s to e dinitiate an alarm signal. MULTIPLE-STATION 4LARM DEVICE. Two or more single-station alarm dcv~ccsthat can bc intcrco~~nccted such


that actuation of onc causes all integral or separate audiblc alarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-station alarm device having connections to other detectors or to a manual fire alarm box.

MULTIPLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. Two or morc single-station alarm deviccs that arc capablc of intcrconnection such that actuation of one causes all integral or separate audible alarms to operatc NUISANCE ALAIIM. An alarm caused by mechanical failure, malfunction. improper installation, or lack of proper maintenancc, or an alarin activated by a cause that cannot be detcrniined. RECORD DRAWINGS. Drawings ("as builts") that document the location of all devices, appliances, wiring, sequences, wiring methods, and connections of the conlponcnts of a fire alarm systcm as installed. SING1,E-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly incorporating the detector, the control e q u ~ p m e n t ,and the alarm-sounding d c l x e in one unit, operated from a power supply cithcr in thc unit or obtained at thc point of installation.

[B] SLEEPING UNI'C A room or space in which pcople slccp, which can also include pclnianent provisions for living. eating, and cither sanitation or kitehen Pacilities but nut both. Such rooms and spaces that are also part of a dwelling unit are not sleeping units.

SMOKE ALARM. A singlc- or multiple-station alarm responsive to smokc and not connected to a system.

SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible or invisible particles uf combustion.

STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF. Standpipe clases are as follows: Class I systcm. A systeln providing 21/,-incl~(64 ~ n m hosc ) connections to supply water for use by fire departments and those traincd in handling hcavy fire streanls. Class 11 system. A systcm providing lli,-inch (38 nun) hose stations to supply watcr for use primarily by the building occupants or by the fire department during initial rcsponsc. Class 111 system. A system providing Ill2-inch (38 mm) hosc stations to supply water for use by building occupants and 2'1,-inch (64 mm) hose connections to supply a largcr volume of water for use by fire dcpartrnents and thosc traincd in handling hcavy fire streams. STANDPIPE, TYPES OIi Standpipe types are as follows:

R'lanual dry. A dry standpipc system that does not have a pernlanent water supply attached to thc systcm. Manual dry standpipe systems requirc water from a firc department pumper to be pumped into the systcrn through the firc department connection in order- to supply rhe systc~n dernand.

Manual wet. A wet standpipe system connected to a water supply for the purposc of maintaining water within the system but which does not have a water s~lpplycapable of delivering the system demand attached to thc system. Manual wet standpipe systems requirc water from a fire department pumper (or the like) to be pumped into thc system in order to supply the system demand.

Semiautomatic dry. A dry standpipc systeln that is al~angedthrough the use of a device, such as a dcluge valve, to admit water into the systern piping upon activation of a remote control device located at a hose conncction. A remote control activation dcvice shall be provided at each hose connection. The water supply for a sc~niautomaticdry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demand. SUPERVISING STATION. A facility that rcccives xignals and at which personnel arc in attendance at all times to respond to thesc signals. SUPERVISORY SERVICE. The service required to monitor performance of guard tours and thc operative condition of fixed suppression systen~sor other systems for the protcction of lifc aud property. SUPERVISORY SIGNAT,. A signal indlcat~ngthe need of action in connection with the supcrvi\ion of guard tours. thc fire supplcsGon systems or cquiprnent. or the niaintcnancc fcatures of related systems. SUPERVISOPIU SIGNAL,-INITIATING DEVICE. An initiating dcvicc such as a valve supervisory switch. watcr lcvel indicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinkler system whose change of state signals an off-normal condition and its ~.estorationto normal of a firc protcction or life safcty system; or aneed for action i n conncction with p a r d tours, fire suppression systcms or equipment, or maintenance featurcs of related systems. TIRES, BULK STORAGE OK Storage of tires where the area available for storage excceds 20,000 cubic feet (566m'). TROUBLE SIGNAI,. A signal initiated by the tire alarm system ordevice indicative of afault in a monitored circuit or cornponent. VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICA'I'ION APPLIANCE. A notification appliance that alerts by thc sellsc of sight.

Automatic dry. A dry standpipe system, normally tilled with pressurized air, that is arranged through the usc of a devicc, such as a dry pipe valve, to adinit water into the systcrn piping automatically upon the opcning of a hose valvc. Thc watcr supply for an automatic dry standpipe system shall be capable of supplying the system demond.

WET-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGEN'L: A solution of water and pota~sium-carbonate-based chemical. potassium-acetate-hascd chemical or a conlbination thcrcof. forming an extinguishing agcnt.

Automatic wet. A wet standpipc systcm that has a water supply that is capable of supplying tllc systcnl dcrn;lnclnutomatically.

WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM. A system or a part of n system that can tmnsmit and rcccivc sipnals without the aid of wire. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@


ZONE. A defined alca wilhin the protcctcd premises. A zone can dcfine an area from which a signal car1 be received. an area to w h ~ c ha s~gnalcan bc sent, or an area in which a form of control can be executed.

SECTION 903 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 903.1 General. Automatic sprinldcr systems shall comply wit11 this scction.

903.1.1 Alternative protection. Alternativc automatic

903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinklcr systc111 shall be provided for Group A-3 occupancies whele onc of the following conditions exists:

1. The fire area cxcceds 13,000 squarc fect (1 1 15 m2):

3. The firc area has an occupant load of 300 or more; or

3. 'The fire arca is located on a floor othcr than thc level of exit discharge.

fire-extinguishing systems cornplying with Section 904 shall bc pemiittcd i l l lieu of automatic sprinkler protection whcrc recognized by the applicable standard and approved by tlie fire code official.

Exception: Areas used exclusively as participant sports areas where the main floor area is located at thc samc levcl as the lcvcl ol'cxit discharge of thc main entrance and cxit.

903.2 Where required. Approved automatic sprinkler syst c ~ n sin new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this section.

903.2.1,4 Group A-4. A11 automatic sl~rinklcrsystcm

Exception: Spaces or areas ill tclecomnlunications buildequipment, ings used exclusively for tcIeco~nmu~iications associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby cngincs, provided those spaces or arcas arc equipped throughout with an autonlatic fire alarm system and are scparatcd from the remainder of thc building by fire barriers co~lsisting of not lcss than 1-hour firc-resistancc-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated floorlceiling assemblies.

903.2.1 Croup A. An autornatic sprinklcr systcnn shall bc provided throughout building and portions thereof uscd as G1.oup A occupancies as providcd in this section. For Group A-1, A-2. A-3. and A-4 occupancies, thc automatic sprinlclcr system shall be providcd throughout the floor area where the Group A-I, A-2. A-3 or A-4 occupancy is located, and in all floors between thc Group A occupancy and the lcvcl of exit discharge. For Group A-5 occupancies, thc automatic sprinlcler system shall be provided in thc spaccs indicated in Section 903.2.1.5.

903.2.1.1 Group A-1. An automatic sprinklcr system shall bc provided for Group A-1 occupancies where one conditions exists: of thc followi~~g 1. Thc firc area cxcceds 12,000 square feet (1 115 111~): 2. Thc fire area has an occupant load of 300 ormore; 3. Thc fire arca is located on a floor other than thc lcvel of cxit discharge; or 4. The firc arca contains a multitlieater complex.

903.2.1.2 Group A-2. An automatic spr~nlclcrsystem ~ one shall bc pro~idedfor Group A-3 o c c ~ p a n c i cwhcre of thc following conditions cxists:

1. The firc arca excecds 5,000 square fcet (465 m-);

shall be provided for Group A-4 occupancics where one of the following conditions cxists: 1. The fire area cxcecds 12,000 squarc feet (1 I 15 n?) ;

2. Thc fire area has an occupant load of 300 or morc; or

3. The fire area is located on a floor othcr than the lcvcl of exit discharge. Exception: Arcas used cxclu\ivi.ly ax participant sports areas whcre thc main floor arca is located at the same lcvel as the lcvcl of cxit discharge of thc main cntrancc and cxit.

903.2.1.5 Group A-5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for Group A-5 occupancics in thc folloxving areas: concession stands, retail arcas, press boxes, and othcr acccssory use areas in excess of 1.000 squarc feet (93 m7).

903.2.2 Group E. An automatic sprinklcr systcm shall bc providcd for Group E occupancics as follows: 1. Throughout all Group E fire arcas greatcr than 20,000 squarc fect (I 858 m') in arca. 2. Throughout cvery portion of educational buildings bclow the level of cxit discharge.

Exception: An automatic sprinklcr systcm is not required in any firc area or area bclow the levcl of exit discharge whcre cvery classroonl throughout tlie building has at least one exterior e,xit door at ground level.

903.2.3 Group F-1. An automatic sprinklcr syitcm shall he provided throoghout all buildings containing a Group F-1 occupalicy mhcre one of thc follow~ngcondit~ol~s cx15ts:

2. Thcfirc arca has an occupant load of 100 or more: or

I. Where a Group F- l fire arca exceeds 12,000 squarc fect ( I 1 15 ni2);

3. Thc firc area is located on a floor other than [he lcvcl of cxit discharge.

7. Whcre a Group F-l fire area is located lnorc than threc stories above grade planc; or 4

2006 [NTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@


3. Whcrc the colnbined arca of all Group F-1 fire areas on all t'loor\, including any mezzanines, cxcecds 34,000 square feet (2230 m').

903.2.3.1 Woodworlcing operations. An automatic sprinkler system shall bc provided throughout all Group F- l occupancy firc areas that contain woodworking opcrations in excess of 2,500 scluare fcet in arca (232 m2) which gcneratc finely divided con~bustiblewaste or which use finely divided combustible materials. 903.2.4 Group H. Automatic sprinkler systcms shall be provided in high-hazard occupancies as required in Sections 903.2.4.1 through 903.2.4.3. 903.2.4.1 General. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group H occupancies. 903.2.4.2 (Sroup N-5 occupancies.An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings containlng Group H-5 occupancies. The design of the sprinkler system shall not be less than that required under the li~rer-natiolznl Building Code for the occupancy hazard classifications in accordance with Table 903.2.4.2. Whcrc the design area of thc sprinkler system consists of a corridor protected by onerow of sprinklers. the mauimum number of sprinklers rcquircd to be calculated is 13. ,

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~

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TABLE 903.2.4.2 GROUP H-5 SPRINKLER DESIGN CRITERIA ..~ ~r-~...~

1

1

LOCATION

Fabrication arcas -. . -

..-

.

-

-

-

..

-

. .

.

I

OCCUPANCY HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

I

A

-

1-~- - . corridors /Service ~Sjori?ge r ~ ~ m s - w ~ ldis i ~pensing~-_-~Ordgary ut HazarddC;!ouupe2-

1

~

~

~~

+

jSLoyge roa~iis . will1. dispensinji I Corridors~... -

~

~

~

~~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

..

I--Extra Hazard Group 2 ..

..

1lordinar). .

-

-- -~....

Hazilrd - .. .-Croup 7

'

i4 -I

~-

1

903.2.4.3 Pyroxylin plastics. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided in buildings, or portions tllcreof, whcre cellulose nitrate film or pyroxylin plastics are mnnufacturcd, stored or handled in quantities exceeding 100 pounds (45 kg). 903.2.5 Group 1. ,4n automatic sprinkler systcn~shall bc providcd throughout build~ngswith a Group I fire area. Exception: An automatic sprinklel- system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3 shall be allowed in Group 1-1 facilities. 903.2.6 Group M. ,4n automatic sprinklcr system shall be providcd throughout buildings containing a Group M occupancy wherc one of the following cond~tionsexists: I . Where a Group M fire area exceeds 12,000 squarc feet (11 15 in2);

a

903.2.7 Group R. An automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3 shall be providcd throughout all buildings with a Group R fire area. 903.2.8 Group S-1. ,411 automatic sprlnklcr system shall be provided throughout a11 buildings containing a Group S-I occupancy where one of the following conditions exists: 1. A Group S-l fire area exceeds 12,000 squarc feet ( I 115 m2):

2. A Group S-1 fire arca is located more than threc \tories a b o ~ cgrade plane; o~

1

3. The combined area of all Group S-1 file arcs< on all cs. 24.000 floors, including any ~ n a ~ ~ a n i i i exceeds square fcet (2230 m2).

903.2.8.1 Repair garages. An automatic sprinkler system shall be providcd throughout all buildings used as repair garages in accordance with the Iittcvrtatior~ui R ~ ~ i l d i nCode, g as follows: I . Buildings two or morc stories in height. including basements. with a firc area containing a repair garage exceeding 10,000 squarc feet (929 m2). 2. One-story buildings with a firc arca containing a repair garage exceeding 12.000 square fcet ( l 1 15 m2).

I

]Ordinary Hazard Group-2-. . . . .-~OrdinarvHazard Group 2

903.2.6.1 High-piled storage. ,411 automatic sprinlder system shall be provided as required in Chapter 23 in all buildings of Group M where storageofmc~.chancliscis in high-piled or rack storage arrays.

2. Whcre a Group M fire area is locatcd morc than three stories above grade planc; or 3. Where the combined areaof all Group M firc arcas on all tloors, including mty mczzanincs, cxcccds 24,000 scluarc fcct (2230 111~).

3. Buildings with a repair gxagc servicing vehicles parked in the basement.

903.2.8.2 Bulk storage of tires. Buildings and \t~uct~ircs wherc the area f o ~the storagc of tire\ cxcccds 20.000 c u b ~ cfeet (566 mz)sl~allbe cqu~ppedthroughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1. 903.2.9 Group S-2. An automatic sprinkler systeill shall be provided throughout buildings classified as enclosed parking garages in accord;incc with Section406.4 of the liiterxatio~lcll B~~ildingCode or whcre locatcd beneath other groups. Exception: Enclosed parking garages located bencath Group R-3 uccupnncies. 903.2.9.1 Commercial parking garages. An auton~atic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout buildings used for storage of commercial trucks or buses whcrc the fire area exceeds 5,000 squarc fcet (464 rn2). 903.2.10 Windowless stories in all occu~ancies.An automatic sprinkler qystelu shall be installed in the locations set forth in Sections 903.2.10. l through 903.2.10.1.i. Exception: Group R-3 and GI-oup U. 903.2.10.1 Stories and basements without openings. An aulomatic sprinkler system shall be inslellcd 111 cvcry story or basemcnt of all buildings whcre the floor area excecd5 1,500 \quare feet (1 39.4 1n2)and wherc thcrc is 2006 INTERNATIQNAL FIRE CODE@


not provided at lcast one of the following types of exterior wall openings:

I . Openings below gradc that lead directly to ground level by an cxterior stairway complying with Section I009 or an outside ramp complying with Section 1010. Opeuings shall be located in each 50 linear feet (15 240 mm). or fraction thereof. of extcrior wall in thc story on at least one side. 2. Openings entirely above the ad-joining ground level totaling at least 20 squarc feet (1.86 m') in each 50 linear feet (1 5 240 mm), or fraction thereof. of exterior wall in the story on at least onc side. 903.2.10.1.1 Opening dimensions and access. Openings shall have a minimum diineilsion of not lcss than 30 inches (762 mm). Such openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not he obstn~ctedin a manner that fire fighting or rescue cannot be accomplished from the extcrior. 903.2.10.1.2 Openings on one side only. Where openings in a story are provided on only one side and the oppositc wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22 860 m ~ n )fro111 such openings, the story shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklcr system or openings as specified above shall be provided on at least two sides of the story.

TABLE 903.2.13 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS -~.. ~. . ~ --- ~

r~

~

-~~

~

1---..SECTION L

~

SUBJECT .. ..~.~~. .~

/~overed + . malls -

-

.

-

.-lSf"ge?--

--

.

_

.-

.#!s~ble fipiges . 1 ?3:!U---~ ....~-.ADr~ingrooms

11208.3

jj 5o5.4

903.2.10.3 Buildings 55 feet or more in height. An aulo~naticsprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings with a floor lcvel having an occupant load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet (16 764 mm) or more above thc lowest Ievcl of fire dcpartnlent vehicle acccss.

~- I

- ~ - -

~-

. ,

.

.

. . .

.

.

I . j I

i

!

iDrv cleanine machines

1--

tanks

JLllp

---

-

,1

-

I

I

! HPR4 facilities

11803.10 ,-.-. ~

I

903.2.10.1,3 Basements. Where any portion of a bascmcnt is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from openings required by Section 903.2.1 0.1, the basement shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system. 903.2.10.2 Rubbish and linen chutes. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have additional sp~inkleihcads installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for servicing.

I

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~ ~ s ~ i ~ a r n ~ ~ ~ : r n. ~. ". t ~.. ~ .i l +. i n ~ ~ . I , Aircraft hangars _ _~ . . 1

i9!5.'3K2 914:8,5

9 14.9

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p!~!L!is5uildjo-S

914.6.1 IY 14.7.1

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c!~clos!i~~s

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11803.10.4.2 . - . .--_ .. ._p-I!?M cor"!u!k!!e dI5!.; . . . . . L~in~her p.907.7. production conveyor eiiclosurrs .

.

-

-

!,-.1908.7

-

-

-

-

-

i"'"" .

,~j 2209.3.2.6.2 .. -

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Regy~lin-g.facilitpc~4ve.y~r e!lc!osures~ A and B ovens

1

? 1 ~ 1. ~ . . 2.

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, ~ ~ ~ ~ r c a o d o o i c...~ ? i-. . .. . - - 1 motor . - fiiel-dispensing area canopies ./i lkIydrogen ~

-

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~-

~-

I

Exceptions: I . Airport control towers.

2. Ope11 parking structures. 3. Occupancies in Group F-7.

903.2.11 During construction. Automatic sprinkler systems required during construction, alteration and demolitlon operations shall bepro\lided in accordance with Scction 1413. 903.2.12 Othcr hazards. Automatic sprinkler protection sl~allbe provided for the hazards: indicatecl in Sectiona 903.2.12.1 and903.2.12.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

I

12804.4.1 . .. L

.-

d

! Aerosol . warehouses . . L

.

-

.

.

,

..

..

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~-

~

~

j Aerosol display and

2904.1 . .. -

merchandising arcas oe of more than 1.000 cubic fect of loosc /1 ~ombustible ~tora, fiber!, --

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.

-

.

. .

.

.

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TABLE 903.2.13-continued ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS ~ ~ . .[ . -

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/ 3405.3.7.3 I -. .

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L3704.1.2

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!~ wurehou~es

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pH-2-afeas._

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/ 3704.1.3

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.

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...----.

J:Gas - cabinets for highly-toxic and toxic gas .

.

.

1 i

-4

1I

1 Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic and toxic / ~~~~

s

1

i

.

I 1

/ Flnmable and combustible liquid Group H-2 Ia

I

1

Exhausted enclosures or p a cabinets for silme 1 .. g . - . -4

14106.2.2 . .- .

-

I4205!~.1.. - I i ~ o " ? .. .. I)

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1

I'

-

i ~lammahleand combustible liquid storage

1

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SUBJECT

j rooms -. .

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; 3404.3.8.4 L-

-

/ ~lmmmableand combustible liquid storage

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1

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4

SECTJON

1 3404,3,7,5,

: .1

-

not be omitted from any room mcrcly because it is damp, of fire-resistance rated construction or contains electrical equipment.

1. Any room whcre the application of water, or flame and water, collstitutes aserious life or firc hazard. 2. Any room or spacc whcre sprinklers are considered undesirable because of the nature of the contents, when approved by thc firc codc of'icial. 3. Generator and transformer rooms scparatcd from the remainder of thc builtling by u ~ i l l sand floor/ceiling or rooflcciling asscmhlics having afire-rcsistancerating of not less than 2 hours. 4. In rooms or areas that arc of ~lonco~nhustiblc construction with wholly noncombustihlc contents.

903.3.1.2 NFPA 13K sprinkler systems. Wherc allowed in building5 of Group R, up to and including four -. stories in height. automatic sprinkler systems shall be I.psro.~lin~l:s~~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ d ~ ?..~ n u ~ ' a c t installed u ~ i ~ gthroughout . in accordance with NFPA 13R.

plastic storage ,/Pyroxylin . . . .. - - .v a d t s

1

~

I

~ - -

903.2.12.1 Ducts conveyilig hazardous exhausts. Whcrc required by the Irlrernationnl ~MeclzanictilCodr., automatic sprinklers shall be providcd in ducts conveying hazardous exhaust, flammable or combustible materials. Exception: Ducts where the largest cross-sectional diameter of the duct is less than I0 inches (254 mm). 903.2.12.2 Commercial cooking operations. .4n automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in a commercial kitchen cxhaust hood and duct system where an autoniatic sprinkler system is uscd to comply with Section 904. 903.2.13 Other required suppressio~isystems.In addition to the requircmcnts of Section 903.2, the provisions indicated in Table 903.2.13 also require the installation of a suppression system for certain buildings and areas. 903.3 Installation requirements. Automatic sprinkler systems shall bc designed and installed in accordance witli Scctions 903.3.1 through 903.3.7. 903.3.1 Standards. Sprinkler systcms shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1. I, 903.3.1.2 or 903.3.1.3. 903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code rcquire that a building or portion thcreof bc equipped throughout with all automatic sprinkler systcm in accoi-dance with this section, sprinklers shall bc installed throughout in accordancc with NFPA 13 except as provided in Section 903.3.1. I . I . 903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. Automatic sprinklers shall not be reclu~reclin tlic following rooms or arcas wherc such rooms or areas are protected with an approved automatic tire detec~ionsystem in accordance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visiblc or invisiblc particles of conibustion. Sprinklers shall

903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks. Sprinlcler protection shall bc provided for cxterior balconies. dccks and ground floor patios of dwelling units whcrc thc building is of Type V construction. Sidcwall sprinklers that are used lo protect such areas shall bc permitted to be located such tliat thcir deflectors arc within I inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (I 52 nim) bclow the structural niembers and a niaxirnum distance of 14 inchcs (356 ~ n n ibelow ) thc dcck of thc cxtcrior balconies and decks that arc constructed of open wood joist construction. 903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systcms. Whcre allowed, automatic sprinkler systcms installccl in oncand two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D. 903.3.2 Quick-response and residential sprinklers. Where a~itomaticsprinklcr systcms arc required by this code, quick-response or residential automatic sprinklers shall bc installed in the following arcas in accordancc with Scction 903.3.1 and their listings: 1. Throughout all spaces within a smokc conipart~nent containing patient sleeping units in Group 1-2 ill accordancc with the I~zrer~~atio~zul R ~ i i l d i nCode. ~ 2. Dwclling units and slceping units in Group R and 1- I occupancics. 3. Light-hazard occupancies as defincd in NFPA 13.

903.3.3 Obstructed locatioiis. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed with due rcgard to obstn~ctionstliat will delay activation or obstruct the watcr distribution pattern. Automatic s~rinklersshall bc installed in or undcr covcrcd kiosks, displays, booths, concession stands, or equip~ncnt that exceeds 4 feet (1219 mm) in width. Not lcss than a 3-foot (914 mm) clcara~iceshall bc maintained between automatic sprinklers and the top of piles of conibustiblc tibcrs. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

I

m


Exception: Kitchen cquiprnent under cxhnust hoods protccted with a fire-extinguish~ngsystcm in accordance with Scctlon 904. 903.3.4 Actuation. Automatic sprinklcr systems s11:1ll be automatically actuated unless specifically provitled for in this codc. 903.3.5 Water supplies. Water supplies for automaric sprinlcler systems shall co~nplywith this section and the standards rcfercnccd in Section 903.3.1. The potable water supply shall be protected against backtlow in accordance with the rcquiremeuts of this section and the Intel-ric~tio~rul Pluml~ilrgCode. 903.3.5.1 Domestic services. Where the rlomestic service provides the watcr supply for the automatic sprinklcr systcin, the supply shall be in accordance with this section. 903.3.5.1.1 Limited area sprinkler systems. Liniited area sprinkler systcms serving fewer than 20 sprinklers on any single connection are permitted to be connected to the domestic service whcre a wet automatic standpipe is not available. Limited area sprinkler systems connected to domestic watcr supplies shall comply with e;ich of the following requirements: I . Valves shall not be installed between the domestic water riser control valve and the sprinklers.

Exception: An approved iiidicating control valve supervised in the open position in accordance with Sectioli 903.4. 2. The doincstic service shall be capablc of supplying the sinlultaneous domestic demand and the sprinkler demand required to bc hydraulically calculated by NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or NFPA l3D.

903.3.5.1.2 Itesidential combination services. A single combination water supply shall be allowedprovidcd that the domestic demand is added to thc sprinkler demand as required by NFPA 1 3R. 903.3.5.2 Secondary water supply. A secondary on-site water supply e q ~ ~toa lthe hydraulically calculated sprinkler dcniand. including the hose stream rcquiremcnt, shall be provided for high-rise buildings i n Seismic Design Category C. D: E or F as determined by the h t r r rrc~tioriulRuiI(li/~,yCodc. The secondary wat-er supply shall h a w a duration of not less than 30 minutes as detcrmined by the occupancy hazard classification in accordance with NFPA 13.

903.4 Sprinkler system monitoring and alarms. All valvcs controlling the water supply for automatic sprinklcr systems, pumps. tanks, water levcls and temperatures. critical air prcssures; and water-flow switches on all sprinkler systcms shall be electrically supervised. Exceptions: 1 . Automatic sprinlcler systcms protectil~g one- and

two-family dwellings.

2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinItlers. 3. Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA 13K where a coinmon suppl y main is used to supply both domestic water and the automatic sprinkler systein, and a separate shutoff valvc for the automatic sprinkler systcrn is not provided.

4. Jockcy pump control valves that are scaled or locked in the opcn position.

5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paint spray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked in the opcn position. 6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to f ~ r cpump engines that are sealed or locked in thc opcn position. 7. Trini valves to pressurc switchcs in dry, prcaction and deluge sprinklcr systems that arc sealed or lockcd in thc open position.

903.4.1 Signals. Alarm, supervisory ant1 trouble signals shall be distinctly different and shall be automatically transmitted to an approved central station. remote supervising station or proprietary supervising station as dcfined in NFPA 7'2 or. when approvcd by the Sire codc oillcii~l.shall sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location. Exceptions: 1 . Underground key or hub valves in roadway boxes provided by the ~nunicipalityor public utility me not required to be monitored.

2. Backflow prevention device test valves located in limited area sprinklcr system supply piping shall be locked in the open position. In occupancies required to bc equipped with a fire alarm system, the backflow prevcntcr valves shall bc clectrically supervised by a tamper switch installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and separately annunciated.

903.3.6 Hose tlireads. Fire hose threads and t~ttingsused in co~~ncction with automatic sprinklcr systems shall be as pre~cribcdby the t11-ecodc official.

903.4.2 Alarms. Appi-oved audiblc devices shall be connected to every automatic sprinklcr systcm. Such sprinkler water-flow alarm devices shall be activated by water flow equivalent to the flow of a single sprinklcr of the smallest orifice size illstalled in the system. Alarm devices shall be provided on the exterior of the b~iildingin an ~ll~provcd location. Where a fire alarm systcm is installed, actuation of the automatic sprinlcler system shall actuatc the building tire alarm systcm.

903.3.7 Fire department connections. The localiori of fire department connections shall be approvcd by the fire code official.

903.4.3 Floor control valves. Approved supervised indicating control valves shall be provided at t i c point of connection to the riser on each floor in higlr-rise buildings.

Exception: Existing buiIdings.



903.5 Testing and maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall be testcd and maintained in accordance with Section 901.

pants once agent discharge has begun. Audible signals shall be in accordance with Section 907.10.2.

903.6 Existing buildings. The provisions of this scction are intendcd to provide a reasonable degree of safety in existing stnicturcs not conlpljiing with the minimum requircments of Bllil~fil~g C O ~by C requiring installation of an the Il?tcr.~ratiorlal autonlatic fire-extinguishing systern.

904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system is installed, automatic fire-extinguishing systcnls shall be monitored by the building fire alarm systcm in accordancc with NFPA 72.

903.6.1 Pyroxylin plastics. All structures occupietl for the manufacture or storage of articles of cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic shall be equipped with an approved automatic fire-extinguishing system. Vaults located within buildings for the storage of raw pyroxylin shall be protccted with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system capable of discharging 1.66 gallons per minute per square foot (68 l,/min/m2) over the area of tlie vault. SECTION 904 ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS 904.1 Gencral. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than auton~aticsprinlzler systems, shall be designed. installed, inspected, testcd and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable rcfcrcnccd standards.

904.2 Where required. Automatic firc-extinguishing systems illstalled as an alternative to the reauiscd automatic s~rinkler systcms of Section 903 shall be approved by the fire code official. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall not be considered altcrnatives for the purposes of exceptions or reductions allowed by othcr requirements of this code. 904.2.1 Commcrcial hood and duct systems. Each required comn~ercialkitchen exhaust hood and duct systern rcquired by Section 6 10 to have a Type I hood shall be protected with an approvcd automatic fire-extinguishing system installcd in accordance with this code. 904.3 Installation. Automatic fire-exlinguishing systems shall bc installed ill accordancc with this section. 904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be in accordance with the ICC Elactricc~lCo&. 904.3.2 Actuation. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be automatically actuated and provided with a manual means of actuation in accordance with Section 904.1 1.1. 904.3.3 Syste~ninterlocking. Automatic ecluipment intcrlocks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers, window shuttcrs. conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents, and othcr features ncccssary for proper operation of the tire-extinguishing system shall bc provided as required by the design and installation standard utilizedfor the hazard. 904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms are required to indicatc the operation of automatic fire-extinguishing systcms, distinctive audible, visible alarms and warning signs shall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge. Where exposure to automatic-extinguishi~lg agents poses a hazard to pcrsons and a delay is required to ensure the evacuation of occuparlts before agent discharge, a separate warning sigrlal shall be provided to a' 1ert occu-

904.4 Inspection arid testing. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be inspectcd and tested in accordancc with thc provisions of this section prior to acccptancc. 904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptance tests. the following items shall be inspected: 1. Hazard specificatiorl for consistency with design hazard. 2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating deviccs. 3. Size, placement and position of nozzlcs 01. discharge orifices. 4. Location and identification of audible and visiblc a l a ~ mdeviccs. 5. Identification of dcvices with propcr designations 6. Operating instructions. 904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connections to fire alann systcms, and connections to approved supervising stations shall bc tested in accordance with this section and Section 907 to verify proper operation. 904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibility and visibility of notification appliances signaling agent discharge or sjrstern operation, where required. shall be verified. 904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to protectcd premises and si~pcwisingstation firc alarm systems shall bc testcd to verify propcr identification and retrans~nissionof a l a ~ m sfrom automatic fire-extinguishing systcms. 904.5 Wct-chemical systems. Wet-chcmical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 17A and their listing. 904.5.1 System test. Systen~sshall be inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intervals. Tests shall include a check of the detection system, alarms and rclcasing devices, including manual stations and other associated equipment. Extinguishing system units shall be weighed and the rcquired amount of agent verified. Stored pressure-type units shall be checked for the rcquired pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-opcratecl units shall be weighed and replaced at intervals indicated by rhe manufacturer. 904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tempcraturc-sensing ele~nentsshall be maintained to ensure proper operation of thc system. 904.6 Dry-chemical systems. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems shall be installed, maintained. periodically inspcctcd and tested in accordance with NFPA 17 and their listing. 904.6.1 Sgstcm test. Systems shall bc inspected and tested for proper operation at 6-month intc~vals.Tests shall include a check of the detection systcm, alarms and rcleas2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@


ing dcviccs, including manual stations and other associated cquipmcnt. Extinguishing system units shall be wcighed, and the rcquired amount of agent verified. Stored pressurc-type units shall be checked for the required pressure. The cartridge of cartridge-operated units shall bc wcighed and rcplaccd at intervals indicated by the manufacturer.

904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tcnlperaturc-sensing elcments shall be maintained to ensure propcr operation of the system. 904.7 Foam systems. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be installctl, maintained, periodically inspected and testcd in accordancc with NFPA 1 1 , NFPA 11A and NFPA 16 and their listing. 904.7.1 System test. Foam-extinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested at intervals in accordance with NFPA 25. 904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide extinguishing systcins shall bi: installed, maintained. periodically inspected and tested in accordancc with NFPA 12 and their listing. 904.8.1 System test. Systems shall be inspcctcd and tested for proper opcration at 12-month intervals. 904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylinders shall be wcighed and the date of thelasthydrostatic test shall be verified at 6-month intervals. Whcre a container shouts a loss in original contcnt of more than 10 percent, the cylinder shall be refillcd or replaced. 904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gauges of low-prcssure containers shall be observed at one-week inte~.vals.Where a container shows a content loss of more than 10 percent. the container shall be refilled to maintain the minimum gas rcquircments. 904.8.4 System hoses. System hose? shall be cxamincd at 12-month intervals for damage. Damagcd hoses shall be rcplaced or tcstcd. At five-year intcrvals, all hoses allall bc testcd. 904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tcsted at not less than 2.500 pounds per squarc inch (psi) (17 238 IcPaj for high-pressure systcms and at not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for low-prcssure systems. 904.5.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemental-y components, such as switches, door and window releases, intcrconncctcd valves, damper releascs and supplcnlentary alarnls, shall be manually operatcd at 12-month intcrvals to ensurc that such components are in proper operating condition. 904.9 Halon systems. I-lalogcnated extinguishing systems shall bcinstalled, maintained, periodically inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 12A and their listing. 904.9.1 System test. Systcms shall be inspected and tcstcd for propcr operation at 12-month intervals. 904.9.2 Containers, Ttlc extinguishing agent quantity and pressure of containers shall bc chcckcd at 6-month intervals. Whcl-c n cont;lincr shows a loss in origlnal weight of more than 5 perccnt or a loss In original pressure (adjusted for ren~pcrarurc)of inorc than 10 percent, the container shall be 2006 IN'TERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

refilled or rcplaced. The weight and prebsulc of thc container shall be rccorded on a tag attachcd to the container.

904.9.3 System hoses. Systc~nhoses shall bc exanlincd at 12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall bc replaced or testcd. At 5-ycar intcrvals, all hoscs shall bc tested. 904.9.3.1 Test procedure. For Halon 1301 systems, hoses shall be tcsted at not less than 1,500 psi (10 343 kPa) for 600 psi (41 37 kPa) charging pressurc systems and not less than 900 psi (6206 ]<Pa)for 300 psi (3482 kPa) charging pressure systems. For Halon 121 1 hand-hose line systems, hoses shall be tested at 2,500 psi (17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and 900 psi (6206 kPaj for low-prcssure systems. 904.9.4 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplementary components, such as switches, door and windo\+ releases, interconnected valves, damper releascs and supplementary alarms. bhall he manually operatcd at 13,-month intervals to ensure such comporients are in proper operating condition. 904.10 Clean-agent systems. Clcan-agent tire-extinguishing systcms h a l l be installed, mainta~ned,pcriodically inspcctcd and tested in accordancc with NFPA 2001 and their listing. 904.10.1 System test. Systems shall be inspcctcd and tested for proper opcration at 12-month intervals. 904.10.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity ant1 prcssure of the containers shall bechecked at 6-nlonlh intervals. Where a container shows a loss in originill wcight of luorc than S percent or a loss in original prcssure. adjustcd for temperature, of morc than I0 percent, thc container shall be refilled or replaccd. The weight and pressurc of the container shall he recorded on a tag attachcd to thc containcr. 904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall he examincd at 12-month intervals for damagc. Damaged ]loses shall bc replaced or tested. All hoses shall be tcstcd at 5-ycar intervals. 904.11 Commercial cooking systems. The automntic fire-cxting~rishing system for co~nmcrcialcooking systcms shall bc: of a type recognized for protection of commercial cooking equipment a ~ i dexhaust systems of thc type and arrangement protected. Prcenginecred automatic dry- and wet-chemical extinguishing systems shall bc tcsted in accordance with U L 300 and listed and labelcd for thc intended application. Other types of automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be listed and labeled for specific usc as protection for conimcrcial cooking operations. The system shall hc installed in accordance with this code, its listing and thc nlanufi~turer's installation instructions. Automatic tire-extinguishing systcms of the following types shall bc installed in accordancc with thc referenced standard indicated, as follows: I. Carbon dioxitlc extingui.;hing systcms, NFPA 12.

2. Automatic sprinkler systems, NFPA 13. 7. Foam-wa~ersprinkler system or foa~n-waterspray systems, NFPA 16.

4. Dry-chemical extinguishing systems. NFPA 17.


5. Wet-chemical extinguishing systems, NFPA 17A. Exception: Factory-built commercial cooking recirculating systems that are tested in accordance with UL 7 IOB and listed, labeled and installed in accordance with Section Mcrhunicul Code. 304.1 of the Dzt~r-rzntionul 904.11.1 Manual system operation. A manual actuation device shall be located at or near a means of egress from the cooking area a minimum of 10 feet (3044 mm) and a maximum of 20 feet (6096 mm) froin the kitchen exhaust system. The nlamal actuation device shall bc installed not more than 48 inches (1200 mm) nor less than 42 inches (1067 mrn) above the floor and shall clearly identify the hazard protected. Thc manual actuation shall require a maximurl~Sorce of 40 pounds (178 N) and a maximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to actuate the fire suppression system.

Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems shall not be required to be equipped with manual actuation means. 904.1 1.2 System interconnection. The actuation of the fire cxtinguishing ~ycternshall automatically shut down the fucl or elcc~ricalpower supply to the cool~ingcquipment. The fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual. 904.11.3 Carbon dioxide systems. When carbon dioxide systcms are used, there shall be anozzlc at the top of the ventilating duct. Additional nozzles that are symmetrically arranged to give uniform distribution shall be installed within vertical ducts exceeding 20 fcct (6096 mm) and horizontal ducts exceeding 5 0 feet (15 240 mm). Dampers shall bc installcd at cither the top or the bottom of the duct and shall be arranged to operate automatically upon activation of the fire-extinguishing system. When the clamper is installed at the top of the duct, the top nozzle shall be immediately bclow the damper. Automatic carbon dioxide fire-extinguishing systcms shall be sufficiently sized to protect all hazards venting through a common duct simultaneously. 904.1 1.3.1 Ventilation system. Commercial-type cooking equipment protcctcd by an automatic carbon dioxide cxtinguishing system shall be arranged to shut off the ventilation system upon activation. 904.1 1.4 Special provisions for automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinklcr systems protecting conlmercial-typc cooking cquipment shall bc supplied from a separate. readily acce~siblc,indicating-type control valve that is idcnlified.

I

1

whether or not under a hood, w ~ t hfireboxes 5 cubic fect (0.14 m') or Ics, in volurne shall have a minlrnunl 2.5-gallon (9 L) or two 1.5-gallon ( 6 L) Class K wet-chemic~~l portable firc extinguishers locatcd in accordance with Sectron 904.1 1.5.

904.11.5.2 Class M portablc firc extinguishcrs for deep fat fryers. When hazard areas include deep fat fryers, listed Class K portable firc cxtinguishers shall he provided as follows: 1. For up to four flyers havlng a rnaxlmunl cooking medium capacity of 80 pounds ( 36.3 kg) each. One Class K portable fire extinguisher of a minimum 1.5 gallon ( 6 L) capacity. 2. For every additional group of four f r y e ~ sha\ ing a maximunl cooking medium capacity of 80 pounds (36.3 Icg) each: One additional Class K portahle firc extinguisher of a minimum 1.5 gallon (6 L) capaclty shall be provided.

3. For indivitlual fryers exceeding 6 square fect (0.55 m') in surface area: Class K portable fire extinguishers shall b e installed in accordance with the extinguisher manufacturer's rccominendations. 904.11.6 Operations and maintenance. Coinmercial cooking systems shall be operated and maintained in accordance with this section. 905.11.6.1 Ventilation system. The ventilation system in connection with hoods shall be operated at the required rate of air movement, and classified grease filters shall be in place when equipment undcr a kitchen grease hood is used. 904.11.6.2 Grease extractors. Where grease extractors are installed, they shall be opcrated whcn the commcrcial-type cooking equipmcnt is used. 904.11.6.3 Cleaning. Hoods, grease-removal dcviccs, fans, ducts and other appurtenances shall bc cleaned at of intervals necessary to prevent the accuniulatio~~ grease. Cleanings shall bc recorded, and records shall state the extcnt, time and datc of cleaning. Such records shall be maintained on the premises.

904.11.4.1 Listcd sprinklers. Sprinklers used for the protection of frycrs shall be tested in accordance with UL 199E, listed for that application and installed in accordance with their listing.

904.11.6.4 Extinguishing syste~nservice. Automatic fire-extinguishing systems shall be serviced at lcast evcry 6 months and after activation of thc system. Inspection shall be by qualified individuals, and a certificate of inspection shall be forwarded to thc fire code official upon completion.

904.11.5 Portable fire extinguishers for commercial cooking equipmcnt. Poltable fire extinguishers shall bc provided withi~la 30-foot (9144 mm) travcl distance of commercial-type coolzing ecluipmcnt. Cooking equipment involving vegetable or animal oils and fats shall be protected by a Class K rated portable extinpuishcr.

904.11.6.5 Fusible link and sprinkler head replacement. Fusible links and automatic sprinkler hcads shall he replaced at lcast annually, and othcr protection devices shall be scrviccd or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

904.11.5.1 Portable fire extinguishers for solid fuel cooking appliances. All solid fuel cooking appliances,

Exception: Frangible bulbs are not rcquircd to bc replaced annually. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


SECTION 905 STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided in new buildings and structures i l l accordance with this section. Fire hose thrcads oscd in connection with standpipe systems shall be approved and shall be compatible with Orc dcpartlnent hose thre:nds. Thc location of fire department hose connections shall be approved. In buildings used for high-pilcd combustible storage, firc protection shall bc in accordance with Chapter 23. 905.2 Installation standard. Standpipe systenls shall be installed in accordancc with this section and NFPA 14. 905.3 Required installations. Standpipe systems shall be installcd whcre required by Sections 905.3.1 through 905.3.7 and in the locations indicated in Sections 905.4. 905.5 and 905.6. Standpipe qystems alc allowcd to be combincd with aoto~naticsprinkler systems. Exception: Standpipe systcms are not required in Group R-3 occupancies. 905.3.1 Building height. Class IJI standpipc systems shall be installcd throughout buildings where rhe floor levcl of the highest s1o1-y is located more than 30 fect (9 144 mm) above thc lowcsl level of the fire department vehicle acccss, or wherc thc tloor level of the lowe5t story is locatcd more than 30 feet (9 144 n ~ m below ) the highest levcl of tire department vehicle access. Exceptions: 1. Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings equippcd throughout with a11 automatic sprinkler systc~nin accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.1.1.2. 2. Class 1 ~nanualstandpipes are allowed in open parking garages whcre the highest tloor is located not more than IS0 fcet (45 720 mm) ahove the lowest level of f ~ r cdepartment vehicle access, 3. Class I manual dry standpipes are allowcd in opcn parking garages that are subject to freczing tcmperatures. provided that thc hosc connections ale locatcd as required for Class 11standpipes In accordance with Section 905 5.

4. Class 1 standpipes are allowed in basements cquippcd throughout with an autoinatic sprinkler system.

5. In dcter~niningthe lowest level of fire dcpartnlent vchicle access, it shall not be required to consicler: 5.1. Rccessed loading docks for four vehicles or less, and s topography makes 5.2. C o n d i t i o ~ ~where access from the fire department vehicle to thc building impractical or impossible.

905.3.2 Group A. Class 1automatic wet standpipes shall be providcd in nonsprinklcred Group A buildings having an occupant load exceeding 1,000 persons.


Exceptions: 1, Open-air-seating spaces without encloscd spaces. 2. Class I automatic dry and scn~ia~~tornatic dry standpipes or manual wct standpipes are allowed in buildings where thc highcst floor su~faccuxcd for human occupancy is 75 feet (22 860 mm) or less abovc thc lowest level of firc dcpartlnent vchicle access.

905.3.3 Covered mall buildings. A covered 1nal1building shall be equipped throughout with a standpipc systcm where required by Section 905.3.1. Covered mall buildings not required to be equippcd with a standpipe system by Scction 905.3.1 shall be equippedwith Class I hosc connections connected to a system sized lo deliver water at 250 gallons pcr minute (946.4 Llmin) at thc most hydraulically rcmote outlet. Hose connections shall be provided at cach of the following locations:

;

1. Within the mall at the cntr,mce to cach exit passageway or corridor. ed 2. At each tloor-level landing within e ~ ~ c l o s stairways opening directly on the mall. 3. At cxterior public entrances to thc mall.

905.3.4 Stages. Stagcs grcatcr than 1,000 square fect (93 mL)in asca shall be equipped w ~ t ha Clas5 111 wct standp~pc system with Ill,-inch and 2'12-inch (38 mm and 64 mm) hoac connections 011each side of thc stagc. Exception: Where the building or area is ccluippcd throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcln, a 1'1, inch (38 mm) hose co~~neclion shall be installcd in accordance with NFPA 13 or in accordancc with NFPA 14 for Class I1 or 111 standpipes. 905.3.4.1 Hose and cabinet.Thc 1'1,-inch (38 mm) hosc lengths of conncctions shall be equipped with sufficie~~t 1 'I2-inch (38 mm) hose to provide fire protection for thc stagc area. Hose connections shall bc cquippcd with an approved adjustable fog nozzle and bc rnountcd in a cabinet or on a rack. 905.3.5 Underground buildings. Underground buildings shall bc equipped throughout with aClass I automatic wet or manual wet standpipe system. 9053.6 Helistops and heliports. Buildinps with a helistop or heliport that are ccluipped with a standpipe shall cxtcnd the ctandpipe to the roof levcl on which the helistop or heliport is located i n accordance with Scction 1 107.5. 905.3.7 Marinas and boatyards. Marinas and boatyards ~ ~ t standpipc systems in shall be ecluipped t h r o ~ g h o with accordance with NFPA 303. 905.4 1,ocation of Class I standpipe hose connections. C1a.s~ I standpipe hose connections shall be plwvidcd in all of thc following locations: 1 . In every requircd stairway, a hosc co~lncctio~l shall be provided for each floor levcl above or below grade. Hose

FIRE PROTECTIONSYSTEMS

connections shall be located at an intermediate floor level landing between floors, unless otherwise approved by the fire codc official. 2. On each side of the wall adjacent to the cxit opening of a horizontal exit.

Exception: Wherc floor areas adjacent to a horizontal exit arc reachable from exit stairway hose connections by a 30-foot (0144 mm) hose stream from a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30480 mm) of hose, a hose connection shall not be required at the horizontal exit. 3. In every cxit passageway, at the entrance from the exit passageway to othcr areas of a building. 4. In covered mall buildings. adjacent to each exterior public entrance to the mall and adjacent to each entrance from an cxit passageway or exit corridor to the mall. 5. Whcrc the roof has a slope less than four units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33.3-percent slope), each standpipe shall be providcd with a hose connection located either on the roof or at the highest landing of a stairway with stair access to the roof. An additional hose connection shall be providcd at the toy of the most hydraulically remote sta~idpipefor testing purposes. 6. Whcrc the most rcmote portion of a nonsprinklered floor or story is more than 150 feet (45 720 mm) from a hose connection or the most remote portion of a sprinklered floor or story is more than 200 feet (60 960 mm) from a hose connection, thc firc code official is authorized to require that adtlitional hose connections be provided in approved locations.

905.4.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class 1 standpipe systen~snot located within an enclosed stairway or pressurized enclosure shall be protected by a degree of fire resistance equal to that required for vertical enclosures in the building in which thcy are located. Exception: In buildings equipped throughout with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system, laterals that are not located within an encloscd stairway or pressurizeci enclosure are not required to be enclosed within fire-resistance-rated construction. 905.4.2 Interconnection.In buildings whcrc more than one standpipe is provided, the standpipcs shall be interconnected in accordancc with NFPA 14. 905.5 Location of Class 11 standpipe hose connections. Class II sta~~dpipe hose connections shall be accessible and shall be located so that all portions of the building are within 30 feet (9 144 mm) of a nozzle attached to 100 feet (30 480 mm) of hosc. 905.5.1 Groups A-1 and A-2. In ( h u p A - l and A-2 occupancies with occupant loads of morc than 1,000, hose connections shall be located on each side of any stage, on each sidc of the rear of the auditorium, on each side of the balcony. and on each tier of dressing rooms. 905.5.2 Protection. Fire-resistance-rated protection of risers and laterals of Class 11 standpipe systems is not required.

905.5.3 Class 11 system 1-inch hose. A minimum 1-inch (25 mm) hose shall be allonvcd to be usctlfor hose station\ in light-hazard occupancies where invest~gatedand listed for this service and where approved by the fire codc official. 905.6 1,ocation of Class I11 standpipe hose connections. Class I11 standpipe systerns shall have hosc connections located as required for Class 1 standpipcs in Section 905.4 and shall have Class I1 hose connections as required in Sectic~n 905.5. 905.6.1 Protection. Risers and laterals of Class Ill standpipe systems shall be protected as required for Class I systems in accordance wit11 Section 905.4.1. 905.6.2 Interconnection.In buildings where more than one Class I11 standpipe is provided, the stalidpipes shall be intcrconnected at the bottom. 905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing fire-fighting eqaipment, such as standpipcs, firc hosc. firc extinguishers or tire department valves. shall not be blocked from use or obscured from view. 905.7.1 Cabinet equipn~entidentification. Cabincts shall be identified in an approved manner by a permanently attached sign with letters not less than 2 inches (51 ~ n m ) high in a color that contrasts with the background color, indicating the equiplnent contained thcrcin. 1. Doors not large enough to accornmodate a writter~ sign shall be marked with a permanently attached pictogra~nof the equipment contained thcrcin.

2. Doors that have either an approvcd visual ~dcntitication clear glass panel or a complete glass door panel are not required to be marked.

905.7.2 Locking cabinet doors. Cabinets shall bc unlocked. Exceptions: 1. Visual identification panels of glass or othcr approved transparent frangible material that is easily broken and allows access.

2. Approved locking arrangcments. 3. Group 1-3 occupancies

905.8 Dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall not be installed. Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14. 905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water supplies shall be supervised in the open position so that a change in thc nornlal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signal at the supervising station required by Section 903.4. Where a fire alarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmitted to the control unit. Exceptions: 1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadway

boxes provided by the rnunicipality or public utility do uot require supervision. 2006 FNTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


2. Valves locltcd in the normal posilion and inspectcd as provided in this codc in buildings not equipped with a fire alarm system.

2.1. Electronic monitoring shall confirm that cxtinguishcrs are propcrly positioned, properly charged and unobstructcd.

905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required during construction and demolition operations shall be provided in accordance with Scction 14 13.

2.2. Loss of power or circuit continuity to the clcctronic monitoring device shall initiate a trouble signal.

905.11 Existing buildings. Existing structures with occupied ) or below floors located more than 50 feet (15 240 m ~ n above the lowest lcvcl of fire department access shall be equipped with standpipes inslalled in accordance with Section 905. The standpipes shall have an approved fire department connection with hose conncctions at each floor level above or below thc lowest Icvel of fire department access. The fire codc official is authorized to approve the installation of manual stat~dpipesystems to acliicve compliance with this section whcre the responding firc dcpartment is capable of providing the requircd hose flow at thc highest standpipe outlet.

2.3. Thc extinguishers shall be installcd inridc of a building or cabinct in a noncorrosive cn1,ironment.

SECTION 906 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS 906.1 Where required. Portable fire cxtinguishcrs shall be installed in the following locations.

I

1. In new and existing Group A, B. E, F. H , l , M, R-l , R-2, R-4 and S occupa~~cies

Exception: In new and existing Group A, B and E occupancics equipped throughout with quickresponsc sprinklers, portable fire extinguishers shall be required only in locations spccified in Items 2 through 6. 2. Within 30 fcct (9143 mm) of'con~mercialcooking cquipnlcnt. 3. Irt arcas whcre flam~nablcor combustible liquids are storcd. uscd or dispensed.

4. On each floor of structures under construction. except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 1315.1. 5 . Where required by the sections indicated in Table 906.1. 6. Special-hazard arcas. including but not limited to laboratories, computer roon~saild generator rooms, where rcquired by the fire codc official.

906.2 General requirements. Portablc firc extinguishers shall bc sclccted, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and NFPA 10. Exceptions: 1. Thc travcl distance to rcach an extinguisher shall not apply to thc spcctator seating portions of Group A-5 occupancies. 2. Thirty-day inspections shall not bc required and n~aintcnanccshall be allowed to be once evcry three ycars for dry-chemical or halogcnated agent portablc firc extinguishers that arc supervised by a listed and approved electronic ~nonitoringdcvicc, provided that all of the following conditions are met: 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

2.4. Elcctrontc monltor~ngdeviccs and supervisory circuits shall be testcd cvcry thrcc ycars whcn extinguisher maintenance is performcd. 2.5. A written log of required hydrostatic test datcs for extinguishers shall bc maintained by the owner to cnsure that hydrostatic tests are conducted at the frcqucncy required by NFPA 10.

906.3 Size and distribution. For occupancics that involve prirnarily Class A fire hazards, the minimum sizcs and distribufor tion shall comply with Tablc 906.3(1). Fire cxtinp~~isl~ers occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with depths of less than or equal to 0.25-inch (6.35 mm! sliall he selected and placed in accordance with Tablc 906.3(2). Fire cxtinguishcrs for occupancics involving flammablc or combustible liquids with a depth of greater than 0.25-inch (6.35 111111)or involving combustible metals shall be sclccted and placed in accordance with NFPA 10. Extinguishers for Class C fire hazards shall bc selected and placed on thc basis of thc anticipated Class A or Class R hazard. 906.4 Cooking grease tires. Firc cxting~~ishers provitled for the protcction of cooking greasc fires shall be of an approvcd type compatible with the automatic fire-extinguishing systcl~l agent and in accordance with Section 904.1 1.5.

906.5 Conspicuous location. Portablc firc extinguishcrs shall be located in conspicuous locations kvhcre tllcy will be readily accessible and immediately available for usc. Thcse locations shall be d o n g nor~nalpaths of travel. unless the fire codc official determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for placement away from normal paths of travcl. 906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portablc fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, mcans shall bc providcd to indicatc thc locations of extinguishers. 906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portablc fire extinguishers, not houscd in cabinets. shall be installcd on the hangers or brackets supplied. Hangcrs or brackets shall bc securcly anchored to thc ~nountingsul-face in accordance with installation instructions. the manufact~~rcr's 906.8 Cabinets. Cabincts used to house portablc fire extinguishcrs shall not bc locked. Exceptions: 1. Wherc portable fire cxtinguiahers suhjcct to nlalicious usc or damage are provided with a n1c;ins of ready access.


TABLE 906.1 ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FlRE EXTINGUISHERS

2. In Group 1-3 occupancies and in ~ n c n t a lhealth areas in GI-oup I-? occupancies, access t o porlahle fire extinguishers shall b e permitted to be locked o r to he located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.

i 307.5 . ~ ~ -. -

i 1

/Open b u y ,

~

~

/309.4 t~--~

I r

.

~

...

...

-

1

f.Aircraft i-uel-servicing -

/!%l j

i

-

$105.6

.

I

Dry cleaning plants ,---

1 1208.4

B

...

I!"!!."

.... -

.

1141j I

.

-

~

I

~

.

-.

....

TABLE 906.3(1) FlRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR CLASS A FlRE HAZARDS -

..

~

~

~

~

s

{Rqefingp~cratio~~~--.~

1,.--1504.4.1 4Spray-finishing operations .

906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled fire cxti~iguislicrsshall b e conspicuously located in a designated locatioll.

- 11

-

~

~

.

@

.. .

i

...... .

Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight exceeding 40 pounds (1 8 kg) shall b e installed s o that its top is not m o r e than 3.5 feet (1067 m m ) above the floor. T h e clearance betwccn the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held extinguishers shall not b e less than 4 inches (102 mm).

tank vchicles

1I !h~dr;?nt!~~?l-se.viCing~veLiC!~

+*irclaf( rlleldispeniing stati~1.5.

..

~--i !

~....

-

-

906.9 Height above floor. Portable fire extinguishers habing a gross weight not exceeding 4 0 pounds (1 8 kg) shall b c installed s o that its t o p i s not more than 5 fcet ( 1 524 mnl) above thc floor.

J

--.p.--.p-.--

1&cred industrial trucks ... .......

. . .

11 .I 105 4.

~

~ ~ - Open 1 flarnes-torches

308.4 .... ---

r-

......

_

jIc 1 1

~

~

~

~

~

j

-1

~

~

I

I I

Minilnut11 Rated Single

i

~

~

7

LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCCUPANCY

I

.

.

~

I 1

1

2-A'

~

~

ORDINARY (Moderate) HAZARD OCCUPANCY

,

1 Recycling facilities ...........

.........

1909.5 .........

Exterior lumber storwe .... . . .. . . . . . . . . -

.

200!,?.

/Oxanjc:cooljng

.

/ !"du~!ria!o"e~~~

1~06.3

area6~ -

I

.

.

-

I

-.

-

.... -

1 3,000 Floo~Area Per I / squale fcet U n ~of l A _ _C

i

.........

.

-

1

,

220_5:?. _ _ ~ ~ o t o r f u e l : & ~ e ~ ~ f . ! ~ ~ i l i t i ~ s ~ ~i ~ . .

.

22 1 0 . 6 .

j ~ a @ n +or e

.. .-.

..

_I

f i ~ c l ~ d i s p ~facilities-. si~~g

~

1 Repail. garngcs

/.22 . 1 1.6

.........

I

--

!

._l

.

~ ~ d o ~ r ~ t ~ r ~ ~ ~ i~ 1 Liquid storage rooms for tlarnmablc and cornbustible 13404.3.7.5.21 . . I llqu'ds . . . . _ t - ...... i3 4 0 5 . 4 9 I "&";nt distillation ur~its . . . i

i, ~

l.3+,3.3

Maxirrlum T~-rvelDistance to_ Extinguisher _

4

11,250 square k e t

I 1

-~ -

.

-

i

1.............. '34r'6.2.7

1

-

......

I

3406.5.4.5

I-..

.......

:

~orrlbustlb~e . _ llclulds . storage . .

.......

-

...

. _.

. ...

-

/Commercial, industrial, govel.nmenLaI or

i

and .....

Bulk plants and terminals for tlalnmablc and malbus,ible liqi~ids

3406'11

5

1 Farms and construction sites-flammable

1

1

~. .

.

1

I !

.

1.500 square feet

1

1.000 sclualc feet

1

11.20 squarc reel

;

1

75 f e d

~

4 I

1

I i ii

1i

75 feet .....

~

1

I -

~

I ...

i ,250 squarc feet

~

I

I

.

T

-

.i I ......

.....

TABLE 906.3(2) FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS WITH DEPTHS OF LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.25-INCH --- - -

~

~

f

l

~

~-

d ~ ~ ~ ~ Ib ~ s ~ b l 1~ - ~ b l- -~- ~ ~ MAXIMUM TRAVEL 1

TYPE OF HAZARD . .

_/

BASIC MINIMUM EXTINGUISHER RATING ..............

I

I

Ordinary (Moderatel -

--

-

Extra (H~gh)

_ _ ~Fnzm~~fa~~urins~estah~~hm.en~srfue~(l~P~n-S~gg

5-R I(kB

I

L ~ g h (Lowj t

-

!

-

I

j I

; I

75 feet

o

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 m n ~ 1. square foot = 0.09291n'. 1 gallon = 3.785 I-. a. Two 2.5-gal1011waler-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equi~llcn[of one 4-A rated extinguisher. b. At1nc.xE.33 ofNI;PA 10 providesmoredetaiIsconceminpap1)licationofthc maximum foor area criter~a. c. Two u'aler-lype extinguishers each with a I - A rating shall be dccmed the equivaleol of one 2-,1rated cxti~~guisher for Light ( L o w ) Ham~dOccupan-cies.

-

. .

/

.

4.~:'

!

I

i

-

I

-

EXTRA (H~gh) HAZARD OCCUPANCY

1

I

I

Max~rnum Floor Area For Extlngulsherb --

I

i

I

~

1

2-A

. . . . . . .

/ 1908.8

~

-

,i 1 I I

--

-

10-B 20-B ---

40-B 80-B

-

I

I I

DISTANCE TO EXTINGUISHERS (feet) -

.....

.....

I

I1

--

I -

-11 I

1

I

-

-

30 50

j 1

I

I I

30 50

I

30

I

so

For S1: 1 i ~ ~ =c h25.4 a m , 1 foot = 304.8 mm. NOTE. For requirenients on water-qoluble tla~n~nable liquids and allemalivi: sizing crileriii, see Scclion 4.1 of NFPA 10.



SECTION 907 FlRE ALARM AND DETECTlON SYSTEMS 907.1 General. This section covers the application, installation, pcrlijrmancc and maintenance of tire alarm systems and their components in new and exist~ngbuildings and structures. Thc rcquirernents of Scctlon 907.2 are applicable to new buildings and structures. The requircincnts of Section 907.3 are applicable to existing buildings and stn~ctures.

907.1.1 Construction tlocunients. Construction doculncnts for fire alarm systcms shall bc submitted Fur review and approval prior to system installation. Construction documents shall include, but not be limited to. all of the following: 1. A floor plan which indicates the use of all rooms. 2. Locations of alarm-initiating and notification applianccs.

3. Alarm control and trouble signaling equipment 4. Annunciation.

6. Battery calculations. 7. Conductor type and sizes.

8. Voltage drop calculations. 9. Manufacturers, model numbers and listing inforniation for cquipnicnt, devices and ~ ~ ~ a t e r i a l s . 10. Details of ceiling I~eightand construction.

1 1. The interface of firc safety control functions. 907.1.2 Equipment. Systems and their components shall be

11stcd and approved for the purpose for which they are installed.

buildings and structures. An

approved manual. automatic or manual and automatic fire alarm systc~ninstalled ill accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 72 shall be provided in ncw buildings and structures in accordance with Scctions 907.2.1 through 907.7.23 and provide occupant notiiication in accordance with Section 907.10, unless other requirements are providcd by another section of this codc. Where automatic sprinkler protection installedin accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 is provided and connected to the building fire alarm sysleln, autoinatic heat detection ~ q u i r e dby this section shall not be required. The automatic fire detectors shall hc smoke cletectoss. Where ambient conditions prohibit installation of autol~iatic smolce detection, other automatic fire detection shall be allowed. ))

load of 1,000 or rnorc shall initiate a s~gnalusing an emergency voice/alarm conl~nunications system in accordance with NFPA 72.

Exception: Where approved, the prerccordcd announcerncnt is allowed to bc manually deactivated for a period of time, not to cxcced3 minutcs. for thc sole purpose ot allowing a live voice announcement froin an approved. constantly attended location.

907.2.1.2 Emergency power. Emerzency voice la lam^ communications systems shall be provided with an approwd emergency power source.

907.2.2 Group B. A manual firc alarm system shall be having an occupant load installed in Group H occ~~pancics of 500 or more persons or more than I00 pcrhons above 01 below the lowest levcl of exit discharge.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes arc not rccluired

5. Power connection.

907.2 Where required-new

907.2.1.1 System initiation in Group A occupancies with an occupant load of 1,OUO or more. Act~vationot the fire alarm in Group h occupancies with an occupant

907.2.1 Group A. A n~anualfire alarnl system shall be installed in Group A occupancies having an occupant load of 300 or Inorc. Portions of Group E occupancies occupied for assembly purposes shall be provided with a fire alarm systcni 3s required for the Group E occupancy.

Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes are not required wherc the building is cquippcd throughout with an autornatic sprinkler system and the alarin notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

where the building is cquipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systeun and the alarm notification appliances will activate upon sprinltlcr water flow.

907.2.3 Group E. A n~anualttrc alarm system shall be installed in Group E occupancics. When automatic sprinklcr systcnls or s~nolcedetectors are installcd, such systenls or detectors shall be connected to the building fire alann system.

Exceptions: I . Group E occupancies with an occupant loadof less than 50. 2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required in Group E occ~~pancies where all of thc foIlo~\ingapply: 2.1. Interior corridors are protcctcd by smoke detectors with alarm verification.

2.2. Auditoriums. cafeterias. gymnasiu~nsand the like are protcctcd by heat detectors or other approvcd detection devices. 2.3. Shops and laboratories involving dusts or vapors are protcctcd by heat delectors or other approved detection deviccs. 2.4. Off-premiscs monitoring is providcd.

2.5. The capability to activate the c\lacuation signal from a ccntr;ll point is providcd. 2.6. In buildings where normally occupied spaces are provided with a two-way conlmunication system hetwccn such spaces and a constantly attended receiving stalion from whcrc a g c n e r ~evacuation ~l alarm can bc sounded. cxcept in locations spccifically designated by the fire codc official. 3. Manual firc alarm boxcs shall nut bc ~equil.cdin Group E occupancies where the building is equipped ihroughout w ~ t han approvcd automatic appliances w ~ l l sprinkler system, the not~ficat~on


activate on sprinklcr water flow and manual activation is providcd from a normally occupied location.

907.2.1 Group F. A manual tire alarm system shall be installcd in Group F occupancies that are two or more storics in height and have an occupant load of 500 or more above or below the lowest level of exit discharge. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes arc not required wlicrc the building is cquippcd throughout with an automatic sprinklcr systcrn and the alarm notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow. 907.2.5 Group H. A rnanual firc alarm system shall be insti~llcdin Group H-5 occupancies and in occupancies used for the manufacture of organic coatings. An automatic s ~ i ~ o detection kc system shall be installcd for highly toxic gases, organic pcroxides and oxidizers in accordance with Chapters 37. 39 and 40, respectively. 907.2.6 Group I. A manual fire alarm system shall bc installed in Group 1 occupancics. An electrically supervised. automatic srnoke detection systcni shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.2.4.1 and 907.2.6.2. Exception: Manual fire alarm boxes in resident or paticnt slceping areas of Group 1-1 and 1-2 occupancies shall not bc required at cxits if locatcd at all nurses' control stations or other constantly attended staff locations, providcd such stations are visible and continuously accessible and that travcl distances required in Section 907.4.1 are not exceeded. 907.2.6.1 Group 1-1. Corridors, habitable spaces othcr than sleeping units and kitchens, and waiting areas that are open to corridors shall be ecluippcd with an automatic smokc detection 5ystem. Exceptions: 1. Slnokc dctcction in habitable spaces is not required where the facility is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system. 2. Smoke detection is not rcquircd for exterior balconies.

907.2.6.2 Group 1-2. Corridors in nursing hoines (both intermediate carc and sltillednursing facilities). detoxification facilities and spaces permitted to be open to thc corridors by Section 407.2 of the Iizrer~zatiorlalR~iildirz~ Code shall be equipped with an automatic 'ire detection system. Hospitals shall be equipped with smoke detection as required in Section 407.2 of the I~~tc~rzatiorinl Ruildirzg Cocle. Exceptions: I . Corridor smokc detection is not required in smokc compartments that contain patient sleeping units where patient slecping units are provjdcd with smokc detectors that conlply with UL 268. Such detectors shall provide a visual clisplay on the corridor sidc of each patient sleeping unil and shall providc an audible and

visual alarm at the nursing station attending each unit. 2. Corriclor smoke detection is not required in s n ~ o k compartments e that contain patient sleeping units wherc patient sleeping unit doors arc equippcd with automatic door-closing devices with integral smoke dctectors on the unit sidcs installed i n accordance with their listing, provided that the integral detectors perform tlie required alerting function.

907.2.6.3 Group 1-3 occupancies. Group 1-3 occupancies shall be cquipped with a manual and automatic fire alarm systcrn installcd for alertin3 staff. 907.2.6.3.1 System initiation. Actuation of an automatic fire-extinguishing system. a manual firc alarm box or a fire detector shall initiatc an approved fire alarrn signal which automatically notifies staff. Presignal systems shall not be used. 907.2.6.3.2 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes arc not required to bc located i n accordance with Section 907.4 wherc the fire alarm boxes are pro\lided at staff-attended locations having direct supcrvision over areas whcrc manual fire alarm boxcs have been omitted. Manual tire alarm boxcs are allowcd to bc lockcd in areas occupied by detainecs. providcd that staff members arc prcscnt within the subject area and have keys readily available to opcrate the nianu:il firc alarm boxes.

907.2.6.3.3 Smoke detectors. An approved automatic smoke dctection system shall be installcd throughout resident housing areas. including slccping units and contiguous day rooms. group activity spaccs and other coni~nonspaces normally accessible to residents. Exceptions: 1. Other approved smoke-detection arrangcments providing cquivalcnt protection, including. but not limited to, placing detectors in exhaust ducts from cclls or behind protective guards listed for the purposc, arc allowcd when necessary to prevent damage or tampering.

2. Sleeping units in lJse Conditions 2 and 3. 3. Smoke dctectors are not rcquired in dccping units with four or fewer occupants in smoke compartments that are cquipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinklcr system.

907.2.7 Group M. A ~nanualfire alar~ilsystcrn shall be installed in Group M occupancies having an occupant load of 500 or more pcrsons or niorc than 100 pcrsons above or below the lowest level of exit discharge. The initiation of a



signal fro111 matiual fire alarm box shall initiatc alarn~notitication appliances as requ~redby Scctioli 907.10. L\

Exceptions: 1. A man~ialfire alarm system is required in covercd mall buildirrgs complying with Section 402 of thc I1zter71~~iio~~ul R ~ ~ i l d i lCode. lg

2. Manual firc alarm boxes arc not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler systcm and the alann notification appliances will automatically activate upon sprinkler water tlow.

907.2.7.1 Occupant notification. During times that the building is occupied, the initiation of a signal from a manual tire alarm box or from a water flow switch shall not be required to activate the alarm notification appliances when an alarm signal is activatcd at a constantly attcnded location from which evacuation instructions shall be initiatcd over an emergency voicelalarm conimunication syst-cm installed in accordance with Section 907.2.12.1.

907.2.8.2 Automatic fire iilasm system. An automatic fire alarm system shall be installed throughout all intcrior corridors serving slcep~ngunits. Exception: An automatic fire dctection systcln is not required in buildings that do not have intcrior corridors serving slecping units and whcrc cach slecping unit has a means of egress door opening dircctly to an exterior exit access that leads directly to an exit. 907.2.8.3 Smoke alarms. Smoke alarms shall he installed as required by Scction 907.2.10. In buildings that are not equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installcd in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2, the smoke alarms in slccping units shall be connected to an emergency electrical systen1 and shall be annunciated by sleeping unit at a constantly attended location from which the firc alarm systcm is capable of being nianually activatcd. 9072.9 Gsoup R-2. A manual fire alarm system shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies whcrc: 1. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located threc or morc stories above the lowest level of exit discharge:

The emergency voice la lam^ comnlunication systcrn shall bc allowed to be w e d for other announcements, providcd thc ~iianualfire alarm use talccs precedence ovcr any other usc.

2. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is locatcd more than onc story below the highest level of exit discharge of exits serving the dwelling unit or slccping unit: or

907.2.8 Group K-1. Fire alarm syStc1ns shall be installed in Group R-I occupancies as required in Sections 907.2.8.1 through 907.2.8.3.

3. Thc building contains Inore than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units.

907.2.8.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual firc alarm systern shall be installcd in Group R-l occupancies.

1. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all dwelling units or slceping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaccs are separated from each othcr and public or cotnmon areas by at least I-hour fire partitions and each dwelling ~mitor slccping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard.

Exceptions:

I . A manual fire alarm systcm is not required in buildings not more than two stories in height where all individual sleeping units and contiguous attic and crawl spaces are separated from cach other and public or common areas by at least I-hour fire partitions and each individual sleeping unit has an exit directly to a public way, exit court or yard. 2. Manual fire alarm boxcs arc not rcclilired throughout the building when the following conditions arc ~iict:

2.1. Thc building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or903.3.1.2. 2.2. 'Thc notification appliances will activate upon sprinkler water flow; and 2.3. At least one ~nanualfire alarm box is installed at an approved location.


Exceptions:

2. Manual firc alarm boxes are not rcquircd throughout the building when thc Sc~llowing conditions are met: 2.1. The building is ccluippcd throughout with an autonlatic sprinkler systcm in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2; and 2.2. The notification appliances will activatc upon sprinkler flow. 3. A fire alarm system is not rcq~~ired in buildings that do not have interior corridors scrving dwelling units and are protected by an approved a u t o n ~ a t i csprinkler system installed in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 . I or 903.3.1.2, provided that dwelling units either have a rneal1.s of egress door

C


907.2.1 1.3 Emergency voicekalarm communication system. An emergency voice/alarnm communication systan. which is also allowed to serve as a public address systcm, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72 and bc audible throughout the entire special amusement building. 907.2.12 High-rise buildings. Buildings with a floor used for human occupancy located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) above thc lowest level of fire department vehicle acccss shall hc provided with an automatic fire alarm system and an erncrgency voice/alarm communication systcm in accordancc with Section 907.2.12.2. Exceptions: 1 . Airport traffic control towers in accordance with Section 907.2.22 and Section 41 2 of the Irzrernarjo11(~l B~ildingCode.

2. Open palking garagcs in accordance with Section 406.3 of the Intenzarior~ulBuilding Code.

3. Buildings with an occupancy in Group A-5 in accordancc with Section 303.1 of the Irztcn7nfiorzul Bt~ildirrgCode. 4. Low-hazard special occupancies in accordance Buildirig with Section 503.1.1 of the I~~tcnlutioizal Code.

5. Buildings with an occupancy in Group H-l .H-2 or El-3 in accordance with Section 415 of the Irzrcr-r7urioiz~llB~ljlditzgCode. 907.2.12.1 Automatic fire detection. Smoke detectors shall bc providcd in accordance with this section. Slnolte dctcctors shall be connected to an automatic firc alarm systcrn. Thc activation of any detector required by this section shall operate the cmcrgency voicelalann comniunication system. Srnokc detectors shall be located as follows: I. In cach mechanical equipment, electrical, transformer, tclephone equipment or similar room which is not provided with sprinkler protection, elevator machine roomsi and in elevator lobbies. 2. In the main return air and exhaust air plenum of each air-conditioning systcm having a capacity greater than 2,000 cubic fcet per minute (cfm) (0.94 mils). Such dctcctors shall be locatcd in a scrviccablc area downstream of the last duct inlet. 3. At each connection to a vertical ducl or riser serving two or more stories from a return air duct or plenum of an air-conditioning systeni. In Group R-l and R-2 occupancies, a listed smoke detector is allowed to be uscd in each return-air riscr carrying not more than 5.000 cfni (2.4 mV/s and scrving not more than 10 air-inlet openings.

907.2.12.2 Emergency voicelalarm communication system. The operation of any auto~naticfire detector, sprinkler water-flow device or manual fire alarm box shall automatically sound an alcrt Lone followed by voice instructions giving approved information and directions 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

for a general or staged evacuation on a minimum of the alarming floor, the floor above and thc floor below in accordar~cewith thc building's firc safety and cvacuation plans required by Section 404. Speakers shall bc providcd throughout the building by paging zoncs. As a minimum, paging zones shall be providcd as follows:

I. Elevator groups. 2. Exit stairways.

3. Each floor. 4. Areas of refuge as defincd in Section 1002.1.

Exception: In Group 1-1 and 1-2 occupancies, thc alarm shall 5ound in a constantly attcndcd area and a eeneral occupant notification shall bc broadca5t over the overhcad page.

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907.2.12.2.1 Manual override. A manual ovcrside for emcrgency voice communication shall hc provided on a selective and all-call basis for all paging 7ones.

m

907.2.12.2.2 Live voicc messages. The cniergency voice/alarm communicat~onsystem shall also havc the capability to broadcast livc voicc mcssagcs through paging zones on a sclective and all-call basis. I 907.2.12.2.3 Standard. The cmergcncy voicclalarm communicatiorl systcm shall bc dcsigncd and installed in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.2.12.3 Fire department co~nmunicationsystcm. An approved two-way, fire dcpartnient communication system designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 shall be provided for tire department usc. It shall opcrate between a fire command ccnter complying with Section 509 and elevators, elevator lobbics, cmcrgcncy and st;mdby power rooms, fire pump rooms, areas of refuge and inside encloscd exit stairways. Thc fire departnicnt communication device shall bc provided at each floor level within the enclosed exit stairway. Exception: Fire department radio systems wherc approved by the fire department. 907.2.13 Atriurns connecting more than two stories. A fire alarm system shall be i~istallcdin occupancies with an atrium that connccts Inore than two storics. The system shall be activated in accordancc with Section 907.7. Such occupancies in Group A, E or M shall be provided with an cmergency voice/alarm communication system con~plyingwith the requirements of Section 907.2.12.2. 907.2.14 High-piled combustible storage areas. An automatic fire detection system shall be installed throuphout high-piled combustible rtorage areas whcre rcquircd by Section 2306.5. 907.2.15 Delayed egress locks. Where delayed cgress locks are installed on means of egress doors i n accordance with Section 1008.1 3 . 6 , an automatic smokc or heat detcction syslem shall be installed as requircd by that section. 907.2.16 Aerosol storage uses. Acrosol storagc rooms and general-purposc warchouscs containing aerosols shall he


provided w i ~ han approved manual fire alarm system where rcquired by this code.

or other sounding dev~ceto provide an alarm which will bc audible in all sleeping area\ of the dwelling.

907.2.17 Lumbec wood structural panel and veneer mills. Lumber, wood stn~cturalpanel and venecr mills shall bc provided with a manual fire alarm systern.

907.2.22 Airport traffic control towers. An autoinatlc lire detection system shall be prov~dcdin airpo~ttraffic control tower.,.

907.2.18 Underground buildings with smoke exhaust systems. Where a smoke exhaust sy5tem is installed in an underground building in accordance with the hzrcniutior~al Bllildir~gCode. automatic fire detectors shall be provided in accordance with this section.

907.2.23 Battery rooms. An approvcd automatic smoke detection system shall be installcd in areas containing stationary storage battery systems having a liquid capacity of more than 50 gallons (1 89 L). Thc detection system shall be supervised by an approved ccntral, proprietary, or renlotc station service or a local alarm which will sound an audible signal at a constantly attended location.

907.2.18.1 Smoke detectors. A minimum of one smoke detector listed for thc intended purpose shall be irlstalled in Ihe following areas: 1. Mechanical ecluipmcnt, electrical, transformer. telephone equipment. elevator machine or si~nilar rooms.

2. Elevator lobbies. 3. The main return and exhaust air plenum of each air-conditioning system serving more than one story and Iocatcd in a serviceable areadownstream of the last duct inlet.

4. Each conncction to a vertical duct or riscr serving two or more floors froin return air ducts or plenums of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems, except that in Group R occupancies, a listed smoke detector is allowed to be used in each return-air riser carrying not more than 5;000 cfm (2.4 1~?1s)and serving not more than 10 air inlet openings.

907.2.18.2 Alarm required. Activation of the smoke exhaust system shall activate an audible alar~nat a constantly attended location. 907.2.19 Underground buildings. Where the lowest level of a structure is Inore than 60 feet (18 288 111m) below the lowest level of exit dischargc, the structure shall be cquippcd throughout with a manual fire alarm system, including an emergency voicelalarm communication systern installcd in accordarlce with Section 907.2.12.2. 907.2.19.1 Public address system. Where a fire alarm systctn is not required by ~ e c i i o n907.2, apublic address system shall be provided which shall be capable of transmitting voice co~nmunicationsto the highest level ol'cxit discharge scrving the underground portions of thc structure and all Ievcls below. 907.2.20 Covered mall buildings. Covered mall buildings exceeding 50.000 square fcet (1645 m') in total floor arca shall he provided with an emergency voicelalar~ncommunication system. An emergency voicelalarm communication system scrving a mall. required or otherwise, shall bc accessible to thc tirc department. The system shall be provided in accordance with Scction 907.2.12.2. 907.2.21 Residential aircraft hangars. A minimum of one listed smol<ealarm shall bc installcd within a residcntial aircraft hangar as defined in the Irlt~wintrorialBuildirig Cocle and shall bc interconnectcdintc~the rcsidential smoke alarm

907.3 Where required-retroactive in existing buildings and structures. An approvcd manual, automatic or manual and autonlatic fire alarm system shall be installed in existing buildings and structures in accordance with Sections 907.3.1 through 907.3.1.8. Where automatic sprinkler protcction is provided in accordance with Scction 903.3.1 .I or 903.3.1.2 and connected to thc building fire alarm system, automatic heat detection required by this scction sh:lll not bc requirctl. An approved automatic fire detection system shall bc installed in accordance with the provisiolis of this code and NFPA 72. Devices. combinations of devices, appliances and equipment shall be approved. The automatic fire detectors shall be smoke detectors, except an approved alternative type of c hboiler rooms where. detector shall be installed in spaces s ~ ~ as during normal operation: products of combustion are present ill sufficient quantity to actuate a smoke detector.

907.3.1 Occupancy requirements. A fire alarm systcm shall be installcd in accordance with Sections 907.3.1.1 through 907.3.1.8. Exception: Occupancies with an cxisting, previously approved firc alarm sy5tcrn. 907.3.1.1 Group E. A fire alarm systc~nshall be installed in existing Group E occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.3. Exceptions: 1. A building with a maximum arca of 1,000 square feet (93 m') that contains a single classroom and is located no closer than 50 feet (I5 240 mm) from another building. 2. Group E with an occupant load lcss than 50.

907.3.1.2 Group 1-1. A fire alarm systern shall hc installcd in existing Group 1-1 residential carc/assisted living facilities. Exception: Whcre each slceping roorn has a means of egress door opening directly to an exterior egress balcony that leads directly to the exits in accordance w ~ t h Section 1014.5, and the building is not morc than three storiea in height. 907.3.1.3 Group 1-2. A tire alann syste~nshall be installed in existing Group 1-2 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.2.6.2. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@


907.3.1.4 Group 1-3. A tire alarnl systcrn shall be installed in existing Group 1-3 occupancies in accordance with Section 907.1.6.3. 907.3.1.5 Group 8-1 hotels and motels. A fire alarm systern shall be installed in existing Group R- l hotels and motels more than three stories or with more than 20 slceping units.

Exception: Buildings less than two stories in hcight where all sleeping units, attics and crawl spaces ;Ire separated by l-hour fire-resistance-ratcd construction and cach sleeping unit has direct acccss to a public way. cxit court or yard. 907.3.1.6 Group R-1 boarding and rooming houscs. A fire alarm system shall bc installcdin existing Group R-1 boarding and rooming houses. Exception: Buildings that have single-station smolte alarms meeting or exceeding thc rcquirernents of Section 907.2.10.1 and where the fire alarm systern includes at least one manual fire alarm box per tloor arranged to initiate the alarm.

907.3.1.7 Group R-2. A fire alarm system shall bc installed in cxisting Group K-2 occupancies more than thrce storics in height or with more than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units.

Exceptions: 1. Whcrc cach living unit is separated from other contiguous living units by fire barriers having a fil-c-resistance rating of not less than 0.75 hour. and whcre cach living unit has either its own indcpcndcnt exit or its own independent stnirway or ramp discharging at grade. 2. A separate fire alarin systern is not required in buildings that are equipped throughout with an approved supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 .I 01-903.3.1.2 and having a local alarm to notify all occupants.

3. A fire alarm system is not required in buildings that do not have interior corridors serving dwclling units and are protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installcd in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, provided that clwclling units either have a means of cgrcss door opening dircctly to an exterior exit acccss that lcads directly to the exits or are served by opcn-cnded corridors designed in accordancc with Scction 1023.6, Exception 4.

907.3.1.8 Group R-4. A fire alarm systc~nshall be installed in cxisting Group R-4 residential care/assisted living facilities.

Exceptions: 1. Whcrc there are interconncctcd smoke alarms

meeting the rcquircmcnt:, of Scction 907.2.10 and thcrc is at lcast onc manual fire alarm box 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

pcr floor arranged to sound continuoualy the smoke alanns. 2. Other manually activated, continirousl y sounding alarms approved by thc fire codc official.

907.3.2 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms. Singlc- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installcd in existing Gro~ipR occupancies in accordance with Scctions 907.3.2.1 through 907.3.2.3. 907.3.2.1 Gcneral. Existing Group R occupancies not already provided with single-station smoke alarms shall be provided with approved single-station srnolte alarms. Installation shall be in accordance with Scction 907.2.10. exccpt as providcd in Sections 907.3.2.2 and 907.3.2.3. 907.3.2.2 Interconnection. Wherc morc than one srnolie alann is required to be installed within an individual dwclling unit in Group R-2, R-3 or R-4, or within an individual sleeping unit in Group R-I , the srnokc alanns shall be interconnected in such a manner that the activation of onc alarm will activate all of the alarms in thc individual unit. The alarm shall be clearly audible in all bedrooms over bacliground noisc levcls with all intcrvening doors closed.

Exceptions: 1. lntcrconnection is not rcquircd in buildings that are not undergoing alterations, repairs or construction of any ltind. 2. Smolte alarms in cxisting areas arc not requircd to be interconncctcd whcre alterations or repairs do not result in the removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing thc stl-ucturc, unless there is an attic, crawl spacc or basemcnt available which could providc acccss for intcrconnection without the rcmoval of intcrior finishes. 907.3.2.3 Power source. In Group R occupancics, single-station srnokc alarrns shall rcceive thcir prirna~y power fro111 the building wiring provided that such wiring is served from a commercial sourcc and shall bc equipped with a battery backup. Smoke alarms shall cmit a signal when thc batteries are low. Wiring shall bc pcrmanent and without a disconnecting switch other than as required Sol- overcurrcnt protection.

Exception: Smoke alanns are permittcd to bc solely battery operatcd: in existing buildings where no construction is taking placc; in buildings that are not served from a cornmcl-cia1power suurcc; and in cxisting arcas of buildings undergoing alterations or rcpairs that do not result in the rcmoval of interior walls or ceiling finishes exposing the structurc, unless rhcre is an attic, crawl spacc or basement available which could provide access for building wiring without the rcmoval of interior finishcs. 907.4 Maiaual fire alarm boxcs. Manual firc alarm boxcs shall bc installed in accol-dancc with Sections 907.4.1 through 907.4.5.


*

907.4.1 Location. Manual tirc alarrn boxes shall he located not more than 5 fcet (1524 mmj from thc entrance to each cxit. Additional manual fire alarm boxes shall be located so that travel distance to the nearest box does not exceed 200 feet (60 960 mm). 907.4.2 Height. The herght of the manual fire alami boxes shall he a minimurn of 42 inches (1067 mm) and a mauimum of 48 inches (I 372 nim) measured vertically, from the floor level to thc activating handle or level of the box. 907.4.3 Color. Manual fire alarm boxes sh;ill be red in color. 907.4.4 Signs. Where firc a l a ~ msystems arc not monitored by a supervising station. an approved permanent sign shall be installed adj;icenc to each manual fire alarm box that rcads: WI-IEN ALARM SOUNDS-CALL FIRE DEPARTMENT. Exception: Whcre Ihe manufacturer has permanently providcd this information on the manual fire alarm box. 907.4.5 Protective covers. The fire codc official is authorized to require the installation of listed manual fire alarin box protcctivc covers to prevent malicious false alarms or to provide the manual fire alarm box with protection from physical damage. The protective cover shall be transparent or red in color with a transparent face to permit visibility of the manual fire alarm box. Each cover shall include proper operating instructions. A protective cover that emits a local alarm signal shall not be installed unless approved.

system is reset and shall not be canccled by thc operation of an audiblc-alarm silencing switch.

907.9.2 High-rise buildings. In bulldings with a floor used for hurnan occupancy that is located more than 75 fcet (22 860 mm) above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a separate zone by 1100s shall be providcd for all of the following types of alarm-initiating dcvices where provided: 1. Smoke detectors 2. Sprinkler water-flow devices. 3. Manual fire alarm boxes. 4. Other approved types of automatic firc dctecrion deviccs or suppression systcms. 907.10 Alan~ii~iolification appliances. Alarm notifrcatron appliances shall be provided and shall be listed for their purpose. 907.10.1 Visible alarms. Visible alarm notification applianccs shall be provided in accordance with Sections 907.10.1.1 through 907.10.1.4. Exceptions: 1. Visible a l a r n ~notification appliances are not required in alterations, cxcept where an cxlsting fire alariii system is upgracled or replaced. or a ncw firc alan-n system is ~nstalled. 2. Visible alarm notification applianccs shall not be requircd in exits as dcfilicd ill Scction 1003.1. 907.10.1.1 Public and common areas. Visible alarm notification appliances shall be providcd in public areas and common areas.

907.5 Power supply. l'hc primary and secondary power suppl y for thc fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.6 Wiring. Wiring shall coinply with the requirements of the ICC Electr.icn1 Code and NFPA 72. Wireless protection systems utilizing radio-frequency transmitting devices shall coinply with the special requirements for supervision of lolv-power wireless systems in NFPA 72.

907.10.1.2 Employee work areas. Where employee work arcas have audible alal-m coverage, thc notification appliance circuits serving the einployee work arcns shall be initially designed with a minimum of 20 pcrccnt spare capacity to account for the potential of adding visible notification appliances in thc f u h ~ r cto accommodate hearing impaired employce(s).

907.7 Activation. Where an alarin notification system is required by another section of thiscode. it shall be activatedby: 1 . Required automatic fire alarm system. 2. Sprinkler water-flow devices.

3. Rccluircd manual fire alarm boxes. 907.8 Presignal system. Presignal systems shall not be installed unlcss approved by the fire code official and the fire department. Whe1.c a presignal system is iiistallcd, 24-hour personnel supervision shall be provided at a location approved by the firc depart~ncnt,in order that the alarm signal can be actuated in the event of fire or other emergency.

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TABLE 907.10.1.3 AND AUDIBLE ALARMS VISIBLE --

NUMBER OF SLEEPING UNITS

-7

'

i

-

-

-

-

SLEEPING ACCOMMODATIONS WITH VISIBLE AND AUDIBLE ALARMS

/

907.9 Zones. Each floor shall be zoned separately and a zone shall not exceed 22,500 square feet (2090 m?). The length of any zone shall not exceed 300 feet (91 440 mnn) in any direction. Exception: Automatic sprinkler system zones shall not exceed thc area permitted by NFPA 13. 907.9.1 Zoning indicator panel. A zoning indicator panel and thc associated controls chall bc provided in an appl-oved location. The visual zone indication shall lock in until the 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


907.10.1.3 Groups 1-1 and 11-1. Group 1-1 and R-1 slccping units in accordance with Table 907.10.1.3 shall be providcd with a visible alarm notification appliance, activatcd by both the in-room smoke alarm and the buildiilg fire alarm systcm. 907.10.1.4 Group R-2. 111 Group R-2 occupancies rccluired by Section 907 to have a firc alarm system, all dwclling units and sleeping units shall be providcd with ~ h capability c to support visible alarm notification appliances in accordance with ICC A1 I 7.1. 907.10.2 Audible alarms. Audible alarm notification applianccs shall be provided and sound a distinctive sound that is not to be uscd for any purpose othcr than that of a firc alarm. Thc audible alarm notification appliances shall provide a sound pressure level of 15 decibels (dBA) above the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the inaximum sound level having a duration of at lcast 60 seconds, whichever is greater, in every occupied spacc within thc building. The minimum sound pressure levels shall be: 70 dBA in occupmcics in Groups R and 1-1; 90 dBA in mechanical equipment rooms; and 60 dBA in other occupancies. The maximum sound pressure level for audible alarm notification applianccs shall be 120 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance. Where the avcrage ambient noise is greater than 105 dBA, visible alarm notification appliances shall be provided in accordancc with NFPA 72 and audible alarm notification appliances shall not be required. Exception: Vihible alarm notification appliances shall be allowcd in lieu of audible alarm notification applianccs in critical care areas of Group 1-2 occupancies. 907.11 Fire safety functions. Automatic fire dctcctors utilized for the purpose of performing fire safety functions shall be connected to the building's fire alarm control panel where a fire alarm system is rccluired by Section 907.2. Detectors shall, upon actuation, pcrform the intended function and activate the alarm notification appliances or activate a visible and audible supcrvisory signal at a constantly attended location. In buildings not required to bc equipped with a tire alarm system, the automatic fire dctector shall be powered by normal electrical service and, upon actuation, pci-form the intended function. The detectors shall be locatcd in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.12 IPuct smoke detectors. Duct smoke detectors shall be connected to the building's firc alarm control panel when a firc alarm systcm is provided. Activation of a duct smoke detector shall initiate a visible and audible supervisory signal at a constantly attended location. Duct smolte detectors shall not be uscd as a substitute for requircd open area detection. Exceptions: 1. The supcrvisory signal at a constantly attended location is not required where duct smoke detectors activate the building's alarm notification appliances. 2. In occuyancics not requircd to be equipped with a fire alarm system. actuation of a smolte detcctor shall activate a visible and an audible signal in an

2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@

approvcd location. Srnokc dctcctor troublc c o r d tions shall act~vatea visiblc or autliblc signa1 '~nan approvcd location and shall be identified as air duct detector trouble.

907.13 Access. Acccss shall bc provided to each dctector for periodic inspection, maintenancc and testing. 907.14 Fire-extinguishing systems. Autoinat~cfirc-extinguishing systems shall be connected to the building firc alarm system where afire alarm system IS required by another scction of this codc or is otherwise installed. 907.15 Monitoring. Fire a l ' m systcnls required by this chapter or by the btte17zationi~l B~~ildirzg Code shall be monitored hy an approvcd supervising station in accordancc with NFPA 72. Exception: Supenlisory servicc is not requircd for: 1. Single- and multiplc-station snioke alanns requircd by Section 907.2.10. 2. Smoke detectors in Group 1-3 occ~~pancics. 3. Automatic sprinkler systcms in one- and two-f:imily dwellings.

907.16 Autoniatic telephone-dialing dcvices. Automatic telephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarn~ shall not be connected to any fire department tclcphone numbcr unless approved by the firc chief. 907.17 Acceptance tests. Upon coinplction of thc installation of thc fire alarm system, alarm notification applianccs and circuits, alarm-initiating dcvices and circuits, s~~pcrvisory-signal initiating devices and circuits, signaling linc circuits, and primary and secondary powcr supplies shall be tested in accordance with NFPA 72. 907.18 Record of completion. A record of conlpletion in accordance with NFPA 7 2 vcrifying that the systcni has been installed in accordance with the approved plans and spccifications shall be provided. 907.19 Instructions. Operating, testing and maintenance instructions and record drawings ("as builts") and equipmcnt specifications shall bc provided at an approved location. 907.20 Inspection, testing and maintenance. The inaintcnance and testing schedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 10 of NFPA 72. 907.20.1 Maintenance required. Whencvcr or wherever any device, ecluipmcnt, system, co~ldition,arrangement, level of protection or any other fcature is required for cornpliance with the provisions of this code, such dcvice, equipment, system; condition. arrangement. level of protection or other feature shall thereaftcr be continmusly maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA rccluirements or as directed by the fire code official. 907.20.2 Testing. Testing shall bc pcrformcd in c~ccordancc with thc schcdules in Chapter 10 of NFPA 72 01-more frequently where required by thc fire code official. Whcrc automatic testing is performed at lcast weekly by a remotciy monitored firc alarm control unit specifically listed for the

89


application, the manual testing frequency shall be pennittcd to he cxtcnded to annnal.

Exception: eviccs or equipment that are inaccessible for safety considerations shall be testcd during scheduled shutdowns whcre approved by the fire codc official. but not less than cvel-y 18 months. 907.20.3 Detector sensitivity. Detector sensitivity shall bc chcckcd within one year after installation and every alternate year thereafter. After the second calibration test, wherc sensitivity tests indicate that the detector has remained within its listed and marked sensitivity range (or 4-percent obscuration light grey smoke, if not marked), the length of time between calibration tests shall be permitted to be extended to a maximum o f f vc years. Where the frequency is cxtended, records of detector-caused nuisance alarms and subsequent trends of thesc alarms shall be maintained. In zones or areas where nuisance alarms show any increase over thc previous year, calibratio~itests shall be performed. 907.20.4 Method. To ensure that each s~nolcedetector is within its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall be tested using cither a calibrated test method, the manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, listcd control equipment arranged for the purpose, a smoke detectorkootrol unit arrangement whereby the detector causes a signal at Ihe control unit where its sensitivity is outside its acceptable sensitivity rangc or other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the fire codc official. Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside the listed and marked sensitivity range shall be clcaned and recalibrated or replaced. Exceptions: I . Detectors listed as field adjustable shall be permitted to be either adjusted within the listed and marked sensitivity range and cleancd and rccalibrated or they shall be replaced.

2. This rcquircment shall not apply to sinple-station smoke alarms.

907.20.4.1 Testing device. Detector sensitivity shall not bc tested or measured using a device that administers an unmeasured concentration of snioke or other aerosol into the detector. 907.20.5 Maintenance, inspection and testing. The building owner shall be responsiblc for ensuring that t l ~ efire and life safety systems are maintained in an operable condition at all times. Servicc personnel shall meet the qualification recluircinents of NFPA 72 for maintaining. inspecting and testing such systems. A writtcn record shall be maintained and shall hc made available to thc fire code official. SECTION 908 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS 908.1 Group El occnpandes. Emergency alarms for the detcction and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided as required in Chaptcr 27. 908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for notification of an cincrgcncy condition in an HPM facility shall be pro-

vided as required in Section 1803.12. A continuous gas detection system shall be provided for HPM gascs in accordancc with Sect~on1803.13.

908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Whcrc required by Section 3704.2.2.10, a gas detection system shall bc providcd for indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic comprecsctl gases. 908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. A gas deteclion systcrn shall be provided in ozone gay-generator roonls in accordancc with Section 3705.3.2. 908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas dctcction system shall be providcd in repair garages for vehicles fueled by nonodonzed gases in accordancc with Section 221 1.7.2. 908.6 Refrigeration systems. Refrigeration systcm machinery rooms shall be provided with a rcfrigcrant dctector in accordance with Section 606.8. SECTION 909 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS 909.1 Scope and purpose. This section applics to mechanic:~l or passive smokc control systems when they arc rcquilcd for new buildings or portions thereof by pl.ovisions of thc Ititcrt7utional Buildir~gCode or this code. 'The purpose of this scction is to establish minimum requirements for the dcsign, installation and acceptance testing of snioke control systems t.hat arc intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. These provisions arc not intended folthe preservation of contents, the timely restoration of opcrations, or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities. Smoke control systems regulated by this section scrvc a different purpose than the smoke- and hcat-venting provisions found in Scction 910. Mechanical smoke control svstcnis shall not bc considered exhaust systerns undcr Chaptcr 5 of the b~trrrzational Mrchanical Code. 909.2 General design reqidrements. B~~ildings, structures, or Riiildi?zg Cock or parts thcrcof required by the hzternutiorz~~f this code to have a smoke control system or systcms shall huvc such systems designed in accordance with thc ;lpplicable requirements of Section 909 and the gcncrally accepted and well-established principles of engineering rclcvant to tlic design. The construction documents shall includc sufficient information and detail to describe adequately the elements of the design necessary for the propcr implementation of the smokc control systerns. These documents shall bc accompanied with sufficient information and analysis to demonstrate compliance with these provisions. 909.3 Special inspection and test requirenients. In addition to thc ordinary inspection and test requirements to which buildings, structures and parts thereof arc reclnircd to undcrgo, smoke control systems subject to the provisions of Section 909 shall undergo special inspections and tests sufficient to verify the proper commissioning of the smoke control dcsign in its final installed condition. The design submission accompanydocu~ncntsshall clearly detail procedures ing the co~~struction and methods LO be used and the itenis subject to such inspections and tests. Such commissioning shall bc in accordancc with ge~icrallyacceptcdcngineering practicc and, wherc possi2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


ble. based on published standards for the particular testing involved. The special inspections and tests required by this section shall he conducted undcr the same tcrn~sas in Section 1704 of thc Irztc?rulntioilc~lR u i l l i ~ ~Cocle. g

909.4 Analysis. A rational analysis supporting the types of srnokc control systcms to be employed, tile ~ricthodsof their operations, thc systems supporting them, and the methods of const~vctionto be utilized shall accompany the construction docu~ncntssub~nissionand include. but not be limited to, the i t e m indicated in Sections 909.4.1 through 909.4.6. 909.4.1 Stack effect. The system shall be designed such that thc inaximu~xprobable normal or reverse stack cffect will not adversely interfere with the qistem's capabilities. Tn dcter~niningthe maxiinum probable stack effect, altitude, clcvation, weather history and interior tcmpcratures shall bc uscd. 909.4.2 Temperature effect of fire. Buoyancy and expansion caused by the design fire in accordance with Section 909.9 shall be analyzed. The system shall be designed such that these effccts do not adversely interfere with the system's capabilities. 909.4.3 Wind effect. The design shall considcr the adbersc effccts of wind. Such consideration shall be consistent with the wind-loading provisions of the Iiltcrrzntionnl Bllildiilg Code. 909.4.4 Systems. The design shall consider the effects of the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systclns on both smolte and fire transport. The analysis shall include all pen~iutationsof systems status. The design shall consider the effects of the fire on the heating, ventilating and air-conditioning S ~ S ~ C I T ~ S . 909.4.5 Climate. The design shall consider the effects of low teinperaturcs on systems. property and occupants. Air inlets and exhausts shall be located so as to prclrent snow or ice blockage. 909.4.6 Duration of operation. All portions of active or passive smoke control systems shall be capable of continued operation after dctection of the fire event for a period of not less than either 20 minutes or 1.5 times the calculatedcgress time, whichever is less. 909.5 Smoke barrier constr~iction.Smoke barricrs shall cornply with thc Itzterr~utior~nl Buildinil~gCode. Smoke barricrs shall he constructed and scaled to limit leakage areas exclusive of protected openings. The maximum allowable leakage area shall be the aggregate area calculated using the following leakage area ratios: 1. Walls: 2. Exit enclosures: 3. All other shafts: 4. Floors and roofs: where:

AIAIv = 0.00100 AIAIr = 0.00035 AIA,,. = 0.00 150 AIA, = 0.00050

A

= Total leakage area, square fect (m').

A,.

= Unit floor or roof area of barricr, square feet (m2).

A,, = Unit wall arca of barrier, squarc feet (ni'). 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

The leakage area ratios shown do not includc opcnings due to doors. opcrable windows or similar gaps. These shall be included in calculating the total leakage area.

909.5.1 Leakage area. Total leakage arca of the barricr is the product of the smokc barricr gross arca multiplied by thc allowable leakage area ratio, plus the nrca of other openings such as gaps and operable windows. Compliance shall he dctennined by achieving the ininiinu~nair pressure diffcrence across the barrier with the system in thc sinokc control mode for mechanical smoke control systcnls. Passive smoke control systcms tested using othcr approved means. such as door fan testing, shall be as approved by the fire codc official. 909.5.2 Opening protection. Openings in smokc barriers shall be protected by automatic-closing devices actuated by the required controls for the mechanical SIII~ICC control systern. Door openings shall be protected by fire door assemblies complying with Section 715.4.3 of the Ii~tcnr~trioncrl Buildiilg Code. Exceptions: 1. Passive smoke control systems with auto~natic-closirig dcvices actuated by spot-typc smoke detectors listed for releasing service installed in accordancc with Section 907.10. 2. Fixed openings between smoke zones that arc protccted utilizing thc airflow method. 3. In Group 1-2, where such doors are installed across corridors, a pair of opposite-swinging doors without a center mullion shall be installed having vision panels with fire protection-ratcd glazing materials in fire protection-rated francs, the area of which shall not exceed that tested. The doors shall be close-fitting within operational tolerances and shall not have undercuts, louvers or grilles. The doors shall have head and jairib stops, astragals or rabbets at meeting edges and shall be automatic-closing by smoke detection in accordance B~tildwith Section 715.4.7.3 of the Irrtct*t~rrtionul i ~ l gCocle. Positive-latching devices are not requircd.

4. Group 1-3. 5. Openings between smolte zones with clear ceiling hcights of 14 fect (4267 mm) or greater and bank-down capacity of greatcr than 20 minutes as determined by the design tire size.

909.5.2.1 Ducts and air transfer openings. Ducts and air transfer openings arc required to be protected with a minimum Class [I, 250°F (121°C) smoke damper c o n plying with Section 716 of the Iiztcnzation~tlB~iilcling Code. 909.6 Pressurization method. The prim:lry mechanical means of controlling smoke shall bc by prcssurc differences across snlolte barriers. Maintenance ot'a tenable environnlcnt is not required in the smoke-control zone of fire origin. 909.6.1 Minimum pressure difference. Thc minimum pressure difference across a snloke barricr shall bc

I


0.05-inch water gage (0.0124 kPa) in fully sprinklered buildings. In buildings allowed to be other than fully sprinklered, the snioke control system shall be designed to achieve pressure differences at least two times the maximum calc~ilated pressure difference produced by the design fire.

909.6.2 Maximum pressure difference.Tlie rnaximum air pressure difference across a smoke barrier shall be detern~incdby rcquircd door-opening or closing forccs. Thc actual force required to open exit doors when the system is in lhe smoke control mode shall he in accordance with Section 1008.1.2. Opening and closing forces for other doors shall be determined by standard engineering methods for the resolution of forces and reactions. The calculated force to set a side-hinged, swinging door in motion shall bc deternined by: F = F,< + K(IV;?AP)I2(W- d )

(Equation9-1)

whcre:

A = Door area, square fect (m2). d = Distance fro111do01 handle to latch edge of door, feet (m). F = Total door opcning force, pounds (N). F,,, = Forcc required to overcome closing device, pounds

(N). K = Coefficient 5.2 (1.0). W = Door width. feet (m). 4P= Design pressure difference, inches of water (Pa) 909.7 Airflow design method. When approved by the fire code official, smoke migration through openings fixed in aperinanently open position, which a r e located between smoke-control zones by the use of the airflow method, shall be pcrmittcd. The design airflow shall be in accordance with this section. Airflow shall be directed to limit smoke migration from the fire zone. The geometry of opeiliiigs shall be considered to prevent flow revel.sal from turbulent effects. 909.7.1 Velocity. The minimum average velocity through a fixed opening shall not be less than: v = 217.2 [h IT,- T,,)/(T++460)]1/2

(Equation 9-2)

For SI: v = 1 19.9 111 (T,- T,,)lT,]'" where: /I

= tlcigllt of opening. fect (m).

T, = Temperature ot smoke, "F (K). T,, = Temperature of ambient air, "I;(K). 11

= .4ir velocity. fcet per minute (m/minute).

909.7.2 Prohibited conditions. This method shall not be enlployed where either the quantity of air or tlie velocity of the airflow will advcrscly affect other pol-tions of the smoke c o ~ ~ t r osystem, l unduly intensify the fire, disrupt plume dynamics or interfere with exiting. In no case shall airflow toward the firc cxceed 200 feet per minutc (1.02 m/s).

Wherc thc formula in Section 909.7. I rcquircs airflows to exceed this limit. the airflow method shall not be used.

909.8 Exhaust method. When approved by thc firc code ofticial, mechanical smohe control for large enclosed volunlcs, such as in atriunis or malls, shall bc pc~inittcdto utilize the exhaust method. Smohe control systcms using the exhaust method shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 92U. 909.8.1 Smoke lager. The height of the lowest hori~ontal surface of thc accumulating smoke layer shall be rnaintained at least 6 feet (1829 mm) above any walking rurfacc that forms a portion of a rcyuilcd egress system within the snioke zone. 909.9 Design fire. The design firc shall be bascd on a rational analysis perfo~mcdby the registered design professional and approved by the fire code official. 'l'he design file shall bc based on the analysis in accordance with Section 909.4 and tliis scction. 909.9.1 Factors considered.The enginccring analysis shall include the characteristics of the fuel, fuel load, cffccts includcd by the fire, and whether the fire is likely to he steady or unsteady. 909.9.2 Separation distancc. Determination of the design firc shall includc consideration of thetypc of fuel, fuel spacing and configuration.

R= (Ql(12nq'J]L12

(Equation9-8)

whcre: q" = Incident radiant hcat flux required for nonpilotcd

ignition. Btu/ft2 . s (W/m2). Q = Hcat relcasc f1o111file. Blu/s (kW).

R = Separation distance from target to center of fuel package, fcet (m).

909.9.3 Heat-release assumptions. The analysis shall make use of best available data tiom approvcd sources and shall not be based on excessively stringent limitations of combust~blcniaterial. 909.9.4 Sprinkler effectiveness assumptions. A documented engineering analysis shall be provided for conditions that assume fire growth is haltcd at the timc of spr~nkleractivation. 909.10 Equipment. Equipment including, but not limited Lo, fans, ducts, automatic dampers and balance dampcrs shall be suitable for their intcncled use, suitable for the probahlc exposure temperatures that the rational analysis indicates: and as approved by the fire codc official. 909.10.1 Exhallst fans. Coruponents of cxhau5t fans shall be rated and certified by the manufacturer for the probable temperature rise to which the components will bc cxposed. This ternpcrature rise \hall hc computed by: T,= ( Q , f l ~+~(TcO ~)

(Equation9-9)

whcre: c

= Specific heat of smokc at smokelayer temperature,

l3tu/Ib0F . (ItJIkg

. 10. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

FIRE PROTECTlON SYSTEMS

III

= Exhaust rate, pounds per second (kg/\).

Q, = Convective heat output of fire, Btu/s (kW).

T;, = Ambient temperaturc, "IF; (K). T, = Smoke temperature. "F (K).

Exception: Rcduccd T',as calculated based on the assurance of aclccluate tlilution air. 909.10.2 Ducts. Duct materials and joints shall be capable of withstandirig the probable temperatures and pressures to which they are exposed as determined in accordance with Section 909.10.1. Ducts shall be constructed and supported in accordance with the Ilzren~utionul Mechanical Code. Ducts shall bc leak tested to 1.5 times the maximum design pressure in accordance with nationally acceptcd practices. Measurcd leakage shall not exceed 5 percent of design flow. Results of such testing shall be a part of the documentation procedure. Ducts sliall be supported directly from fire-resistance-rated struclural elements of the building by suhstantial. noncombustible supports. Exception: Flexible connections (for the purpose of vibration isolation) complying with the it~tenzutiollul Mech(;lniculCode and which are constructed of approved tire-resistance-rated materials. 909.10.3 Equipment, inlets and outlets. Equipment shall bc located so as to not expose uninvolved portions of the building to an additional fire hazard. Outside air inlets shall be loc;~tedso as to minimize the pote~itialfor introducing s n ~ o k or e flame into the building. Exhaust outlets shall be so locatcd as to minimize reintroduction of smolte into the building and to limit exposure of thc building or adjacent buildings to an additional fire hazard. 909.10.4 Automatic dampers. Automatic dampers, reg;~rtllessof the purpose for which they are installed within thc smoke control system, shall be listed and conform to the requiremcnts of approved recognized standards. 909.10.5 Fans. In addition to other requirements, belt-driven fans shall have 1.5 times the number of belts requircd for the design duty with the minimum number of belts being two. Fans shall be selected for stable performance based on norn~altemperature and, where applicable. elevatcd temperature. Calculations and manufacturer's fan curves shall be part of the documentation procedures. Fans shall be supportcd and restrained by noncombustible devices in accordancc with thc structural design rcquireinents of Chapter 16 of the Irztenzatioizul Building Code. Motors driving fans shall not. be operated beyond their nameplate horsepower (kilowatts) as determined from measurement of actual current draw and shall have a minimum service factor of 1.15. 909.1 1 Power systems. The smoke control system shall be supplied with two sources of power. Primary powcr shall be from the normal building power system. Secondary power shall be from an approvcd standby source con~plyingwith the ICC Elucrrical Cbcle.The standby power source and its transfer switclies shall bc ill a separate room from the normal power tranalbr~iiersand switch gcar and shall bc enclosed in a room constructed of not less than 1-hour fire barricrs ventilated 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

directly to and from the exterior. Power distribution from the two sources shall be by independcnt routes. Transfer to full standby power shall be automatic and within 60 seconds of failure of the primary power. The systems shall coniply with this code or the ICC Electrical Code.

909.11.1 Power sources and power surges. Elcrnents ol' the smoke management system relying on volatile nicmolies or the like shall he supplied with uninterruptablc power sources of sufficient duration to span 15-minutc primary power interruption. Elements of the s n ~ o k cmanagement system susccptible to power surges shall be suitably protected by conditioners, suppressors or other approved means. 909.12 Detection and control systems. Fire detection systems providing control input or output signals to mechanical smoke control systems or elements thercof shall coml)ly with the requirements of Section 907. Such systems shall be equipped with a control unit complying with UL 864 and listed as sniokc control equipment. Control systems for mechanical smoke control systems shall include provisior~sfor verification. Vcritication shall include positive co~firrnationof actuation, testing, manual override. the presence of power downstream of all disconnects and, through a preprogramrned weekly test sequence, report ahnorma1 conditions audibly, visually and by printed report.

909.12.1 Wiring. In addition to inccting rccluircments of the ICC Elecrricul Code, all wiring, regardless of voltage. shall be fully enclosed within continuous raceways. 909.12.2 Activation. Sinoke control systems shall bc activated in accordance with this section. 909.12.2.1 Pressurization, airflow or exhaust method. Mechanical smoke control systems using the pressurization, airflow or exhaust method shall have complctcly automatic control. 909.12.2.2 Passive neth hod. Pa5sive smoke control systems actuated by approved spot-type detectors lisicd for releasing service shall be pcrnnitted. 909.12.3 Automatic control. Where co~nplctelyautomatic control is required or ~iscd,the automatic-control scc!ucnccs shall be initiated from an appropriately zoned autonlatic sprinkler system complying with Section 903.3.1.1, manual controls that are readily accessible to thc fire dc1,artmcnt. and any smoke detectors required by the engineering analysis. 909.13 Control air tubing. Control air tubing shall bc of sufficlent size to meet the requiretl rcsponse times. Tubing shall he flushed clean and dry prior to final connections and shall bc adequately supported and protected from damage. Tubing passing through concrete or masonry shall be slecvcd and protected from abras~onand clcctrolytic actloll. 909.13.1 Materials. Control air tubing shall bc hard drawn copper, Type L, ACR in accordance with ASTM B 42, ASTM B 43, ASTM B 68, ASTM B 88, ASTM B 251 and ASTM B 280. Fittings shall be wrought copper or brass, solder type. in accordance with ASME B '1 6.18 or ASME B 16.32. Changes in direction shall be made with appropriate


tool bcnds. Brass co~npression-typefittings shall be used at final connection to devices:, other joints shall be brazed using a BCuPS brazing alloy with solidus above 1,10O0F (593°C) and liquidus below 1.50O0F (816°C). Brazing flux shall be used on copper-to-brass joints only.

Exception: Nonmetallic tubing used within control panels and at the final connection to devices, provided all of the following conditions are met: 1. Tubing shall be listed by an approved agency for flame and smoke characteristics.

2. Tubing and the connected device shall be completely e n c l o s e d w i t h i n a g a l v a n i z e d o r paint-grade steel enclos~lreof not less than 0.030 inch (0.76 nlm) (No. 22 galvanized sheet gage) thickness. Entry to the enclos~ircshall be by copper tubing with a protective grommet of neoprene or tcflon or by suitable brass compression to male-barbed adapter. 3. Tubing shall bc idcntified by appropriately documented coding.

components shall be displayed. Status indicators shall be provided for all smoke control ec!uipment, annunciated by fan and zone and by pilot-lamp-type indicators as follows: 1. Fans. dampers and other operating equipment in their normal status-WHITE. 2. Fans. dampers and other opcrating equipment in their off or closed status-KED.

3. Fans. dampers and other operating equipmcnt in their on or open status-GKEEN. 4. Fans, dampers and othcr opcrating cquip~nenti n a fault status-YELLOWIAMBER. 909.16.2 Smoke control panel. The tire-tighter'.; control panel shall provide control capability over the completc smolce-control system ec1uipment within the buildi~igas follows:

1. ON-AUTO-OFF control over each individual piece of operating smoke control equipmcnt that can also be controlled from other sources within the building. This includes stairway pressurization funs: s~nokc exhaust fans; supply, return and exhaust fans: elevator shaft fans; and othcr opcrating equipment used or intended for smoke control purposes.

4. Tubing shall be neatly tied and supported within enclosure. Tubing bridging cabinet and door or movcablc device shall be of sufficient length to avoid tension and excessi~restress. Tubing shall be protected against abrasion. Tubing serving deviccs on doors shall be fastened along hinges.

2. OPEN-AUTO-CLOSE control over individual dampers relating to smoke control and that arc also controlled from othcr sources within the building.

909.13.2 Isolation from other functions. Control tubing serving other than smoke control functions shall be isolated by automatic isolation valves or shall be anindependent systcm.

3. ON-OFF or OPEN-CLOSE control ovcr smoke control and othcr critical equipment associatcd with a firc or smoke cinergcncy and that can only bc controlled from the fire-fighter's control panel.

909.133 Testing. Control air tubing shall be tested at three timcs the operating prcssurc for not less than 30 minutes without any noticeable loss in ga~lgcpressure prior to final connection to deviccs. 909.14 Marking and identification. The detection and control systcms shall be clearly markcd at all junctions, accesses and ternminations. 909.15 Control diagrams. Identical control diagrams showing 2111dcvices in the system and identifying their location and function shall bc maintained currcnt and kept on tile with the tirc codc official. the tjrc department and in the fire command center ill a format and manner approved by the fire chief.

909.16 Fire-fighter's smoke control panel. A tire-fighter's smoke control panel for fire department emergency responsc purposes only shall be provided and shall include manual control or overridc of autonlatic control for mechanical smoke control systems. The panel shall be located in a fire command ccnter co~nplyingwith Section 509 in high-rise buildings or buildings with smoke-protected assembly seating. In all other buildings, the tirc-fighter's smoke control panel shall be installed in an approved location adjacent to thc fire alann control panel. Tlle fire-fighter's stnokc control panel shall comply with Sections 909.16.1 through 909.16.3. 90Y.16.1 Smoke control systems. Fans within thc building shall bc shown on thc firc-fightcr's control panel. A clear indication of thc direction of airflow and the relationship of

Exceptions: I . Complcx systems. where approved. where the controls and indicators are combined to control and indicate all elements of a single s ~ n o k ezone as a unit.

2. Complex systems, whcre approved, whcrc the control is accornplishcd by computer interface using approved, plain English comniands. 909.16.3 Control action and priorities. Thc fire-fighter's control panel actions shall be as follows:

1. ON-OFF and OPEN-CLOSE control actions shall have the highest priority of any control point within the building. Once issued from the fire-fighter's control panel, no automatic or nianual control from any other control point within the building shall contramcans arc dict the control action. Where a~~tomatic provided to interrupt normal, noncrnergency equipment operation or produce a spccific result to safeguard the building or equipment (i.e., duct frcezestats, duct smoke detectors, high-tempcrature cutouts, temperatul-e-actuated linkage and similar devices), such means shall be capable of being ova-ridcicn by the Sire-fighter's control panel. 'The last control action as indicated by each fire-fighter's control panel switch position shall prevail. 111no casc shall control actions 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@


require the smoke control systen1 to assume more than one configuration at any one time.

Exception: Power disconnects requircd by the ICC Electt.icu1 Codu. 2. Only thc AUTO position of each three-position fire-fightcr's control panel switch shall allow auto~iiaticor manual control action from other control points within the building. The AUTO position sliall be the NORMAL, nonemergency, building control position. Where a fire-fighter's conirol panel is in the AUTO position, the actual status of the device (on, off. open. closed) shall continue to be indicated by the status indicator described above. When directed by an automatic signal to assume an emergency condition, the NORMAL position shall become the emergency condition for that device or group of devices within the zonc. In no case shall control actions require the smoke control system to assume more Lhan one configuration at any one time. 909.17 System response time. Smoke-control system activation shall bc initiated immediately after receipt of an appropriate automatic or manual activation cornmand. Smoke control systems shall activate individual components (such as dampers and fans) in tlie sequencc nccessaly to prevent physical darnagc to the fans. dampers, ducts and other equipment. For purposes of sinvkc control, thc fire-fighter's control panel responsc time shall be the same for automatic or manual sn~oliecontrol action initiated from any other buildirig control point. Thc total response time, including that necessary for detection, shutdown of operating equipment and smokc control system startup, shall allow Ior f~llloperational mode to be achieved before the conditions in the space exceed thc design smoke condition. The systern response time for each component and thcir sequential relationships shall be detailed in the required rational an;~lysisand verification of their installed condition rcportcd in the requircd final rcport. 909.18 Acceptance testing. Devices. equipment- components and secluenccs shall be individually tested. These tests. in addition to thosc requircd by other provisions of this code, shall consist of determination of function. sequence and, where applicable, capacity of their installed cor~dition. 909.18.1 Detection devices. S ~ n o k or e fire detectors that arc a part of a smoke control systcln sliall be tested in accordance with Chapter 9 in their installed condition. When applicable, this testiiig shall include verification of airflow in both minimum and maximum conditions. 909.18.2 Ilucts. Ductr that are part of a smoke control system shall be traversed using generally acccpted practices to determine actual air cluantities. 909.18.3 Dampers. Dampcrs shall be tested for function in their installed condition. 909.18.4 Inlets and outlets. Inlets and outlets shall be read using generally accepted practices to determine air quantities. 909.18.5 Fans. Fans shall be examined for corrcct rotation. Measurcmcnts of voltagc. amperage, revolutions per minutc and belt tension shall be made. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

909.18.6 Smoke barriers. Measurcmcnts using inclined manometers or other approved calibrated measuring devices shall be made of the pressure differences across smoke barriers. Such measurcriients shall be conducted for each possible smoke control condition. 909.18.7 Controls. Each sinoke zone, equipped with an automatic-i~litiationdevice, shall be put into operation by the actuation of one such device. Each additional device within the zone shall be verified to cause the same sequence without requiring the operation of fan motors in order to prevent damage. Control sequences shall be verificd throughout the system, including verification of override from the fire-fighter's control panel and simulation of standby power conditions. 909.18.8 Special inspections for smoke control. Smoke control systems sliall be tested by a spccial inspector. 909.18.8.1 Scope o f testing. Special inspections shall be conducted in accordance with the following: 1. During erection of ductwork and prior to concealment for the purposes of leakage testing and recording of device location.

2. Prior to occupancy and after sufficient colnplction for the purposes of pressure-difference testing, flow measurements, and detection and control vel.ification.

909.18.8.2 Qualifications. Special inspection agcncies for smoke control shall havc expcrtise in fire protection and ccrtification as engineering, mechanical engi~~eering air balancers. 909.18.8.3 Reports. A complete report of testing shall be prepared by tlie special inspector or special inspection agency. 'The report shall include identification of all devices by nianufacturer, nameplate data. design values, rncasured values and identification tag or milrk. The rcport sliall bc reviewed by the responsible registered design professional and, when satisfied that the design intent has been achicvcd, the rcsponsiblc registered design professional shall seal, sign and datc the report. 909.18.8.3.1 Report filing. A copy of the final rcport shall bc filcd with the firc code official and an idcntical copy shall be maintained in an approved location at the building. 909.18.9 Identification and documentation. Charts, drawings and other documents identifying and locating each component of the smoke control system, and dcscribing thcir proper function and maintenance requircmcnts, shall be maintained on filc at the building as an attachment to the report required by Section 909.18.8.3. Devices shall have an approved identifying tag or markon them consistent with the other required docurnentation and shall be datcd indicating the last time they were succcssti~llytested and by whom. 909.19System acceptance. Buildings, or portions tticreof, rcyuired by this code to comply with this scction sliall not bc issued a certificate of occupancy until such timc that thc firc code official determines that thc provisions of this scction havc


been fi~llycomplied with and that the fire department has ~cceivcdsatisf~cLoryinstruction on the operat~on,both automatic and manual. of the system.

Exception: In buildings of phased construction, a tcmporary certificate of occupancy, as approved by the fire code official, shall be allowed, provided that those portions of the building to be occupied meet the requirements of this section and that the I-cmainclerdoes not pose a significant hazard to the safety of the proposed occupants or adjacent buildings.

d

909.20 Maintenance. Smoke control systems shall be maintained to cnsurc to a reasonable degree that the system is capable of controlling smokc for the duration required. 'The system shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and Sections 909.20.1 through 909.20.5. 909.20.1 Schedule. A routine maintenance and operational testing program shall he initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed the acceptance tests. A writtcn schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing shall he cstahlished. 909.20.2 Written record. A written record of smoke control system testing and maintenance shall be maintained on the premises. The writtcn record shall include thedate of the maintenance, identification of the servicing personnel and notification of any unsatisfactory condition and ihc corrective action taken, including parts replaced. 909.20.3 Testing. Operational testing of the smoke control system shall include all equipment such as initiating devices, fans, dampers, controls, doors and windows. 909.20.4 Dedicated smoke control systems. Dedicated l shall he operated for each control smoke c o ~ ~ t r osystems sequence semiannually. The system shall also be tested under standby powcr col~ditions. 909.20.5 Nondedicated smoke control systems. Nondcdicatcd smoke control systems shall be operated for each control sequence annually. Thc system sh~lllalso be tested under standby powcr conditions.

SECTION 910 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS 910.1 General. Whcre required by this code or otherwise installcd, smoke and heat vents or mechanical smoke cxl~aust systems and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements of this section.

Exceptions: 1 . Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of Class I and TI conlmodities w h c ~ ep~otectcdby an approved automatic sprinkler system. 2. Wherc areas of buildings are equipped wlth early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic smoke and heat vents shall not be requi~edwithin these areas.

1 910.2 Where required. Smoke and heat vents shall be installed in the roofs of one-story buildings or portions thereof

occupied for the uses set forth in Sections 910.2.1 through 9 10.2.3.

910.2.1 Group F-1 or S-1. Buildings and portions thcrcof used as a Group F- l or S- l occupancy having more than 50,000 square feet 14645 m') of undivided area. Exception: Group S-1 aircraft repair hangars. 910.2.2 High-piled combustible storage. Buildings and portions thereof containing high-piled combustible stock or rack storage in any occupancy g ~ o u pwhen required by Scction 2306.7.

C

910.2.3 Exit access travel distance increase. Buildings and portions thereof used as a Group F- I or S- 1 occupancy wherc the maximum exit access travel distance is increased in accordance with Section 10 16.2. 910.3 Design and installation. The design and installation of smoke and hcat vents and draft curtains shall be as specified in Sections 910.3.1 through 910.3.5.2 and Table 910.3. 910.3.1 Design. Smokc and heat vents shall be listed and labeled to indicate compliance with UL 793. 910.3.2 Vent operation. Smoke and heat vents sllall be capable of being operated by approved automatic and manual means. Automatic operation of smoke and heat vents shall conforrn to the provisions of Sections 910.3.2.1 through 9 10.3.2.3. 910.3.2.1 Gravity-operateddrop out vents. Automatic smoke and heat vents containing heat-scnsitivc glazing designed to shrink and drop out of the vent opening when e x ~ o s c dto fire shall fully- open within 5 ~ninutesafter the . vent cavity is exposed to a simulated firc rcprcsentcd by a time-temperature gradient that reaches an air tempcrature of 500°F (260°C) within 5 minutes. 910.3.2.2 Sprinklered buildings. Whcrc installed in buildings equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system, snloke and hcat vents shall he designed to operate automatically. 910.3.2.3 NonsprinMered buildings. Whcrc installed in buildi~lgsnot equipped with an approved automatic spr~nlilersystem, smokc and heat vcnts shall operate auton~aticallyby actuation of a heat-respons~vedcvice rated at between 100°F (56°C) and 220°F (1 22°C) abovc amb~ent. Exception: Gravity-operated drop out vents complying with Section 910.3.2.1. 910.3.3 Vent dimensions. Thc cfkctivc venting a-ea shall not be less than 16 square fcet (1.5 m') with no dimension less than 4 fcet ( 1 21 9 mm), excluding rihq or gutters having a total width not exceeding 6 ~nchcs(152 mm). 910.3.4 Vcnl locations. Smolic and hcat vents sllall be located 20 fcet (6096 mm) or Inore from adjacent lot lines and fire walls and 10 feet (3048 mm) or more from firc barrier walls. Vents shall be uniformly located within t11c roof area abovc high-piled storage areas, with consideration given to roof pitch, draft curtain location, sprinkler location and structural members. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

I


TABLE 910.3 ~

.

- -

~

..

~~

~. .

REQUIREMENTS .... FOR DRAFT CURTAINS AND SMOKE T-.p AND HEAT VEN

..

I

~

i OCCUPANCY GROUP AND COMMODITY

I

1

DESIGNATED STORAGE HEIGHT

I

i

1

_

I

Group F- 1 and S- 1

-

High-piled stolxgc I (see Section

120

I-IV

>70110

I

I i

1

I

5 20

I

1I ~.

High hazard (Option 1)

-

-

I

.

1

+~.-

~

I

8,000 3.000 ~-

I

I I +

1.75

.

-

e " .I . .

> 20

i1

30

I

6

OF VENT CENTE ~~. . - .~-

+1

1:75

,

i

1

6000 .

1:50

6

1

1

6.000 .-

I

,

I:10

i

.

4

5 20

~

1

.A

i

-

!

4

-11

p p -

1 MAXIMUM SPACI

4

1:50 I

2,000

!

i

i

('0

~~~-

.

~~

..

4! I

1

100

1

4

(see Section 910.2.3) i High h a ~ n d > 20 30 (Option 2) _ ....p-pp--~-I -.. ~

VENT-AREA-TO FLOOR-AREA RATIO' .

I

I

4

!

- .. 1

~

4

j

I

6

1

I

High--piledstorage

1 1

.-C

J L_

I

1

High-piled storage , (see Section 9 10.2.3) 1

1 (see Section 9 10.2.3) 1

FORMED BY DRAFT CURTAINS square..feet) .._.-

100

I

I-IV

1

MiNlMuM DRAFT CURTAIN DEPTH (feet)

I

I

/

(Oution 1)

~-

~

j

i

55

I I

1 ..

1

100 -

-

. ...

100

~ L L

1

I

---

-

~

.

~

55

.-

~~

-! I

1

50 -

i

! ~ - -

j i ,_

1

1

100

1:30 75 ....~ . i i . . .

50

I I

.

! .-I

40 - -

.

For SI: I foot = 304.8 m ~ n 1, square k ~ o = t 0.0929 m'. a. Rcquil-cmeuts for rack storage heights in excess o f those indicated sllall be in accordance with Chapter 23. For solid-piled storage heights in c x c ~ s sof those indicated. an appn)ved eiigineered dcsign shall be uscd. b. The distance specified is thc ~naximomdistancc Srom ally vcnt inaparticulardraii cuitainednrea to walls or draft cuttnins which fomi the perimctcrof thc d~.aftccrtained area. c. Where draft curtains are not rccjoil.ed, the vcnt area to floor area ratio shall bc calcu'11ed based on a n ~ i ~ ~ i r n draft c ~ ~cu~tain n depth of 6 k e t (Option 1 ). d. " H is the height of thc vent, io fcet. ahove the floor.

910.3.5 Draft curtains. Where required, draft curtains shall bc provided in accordance with this scction. Exception: Where areas of buildings are eqilippcd with ESFR sprinltlers, draft curtain? shall not be provided within these areas. Draft curtains \hall only be provided at thc separation between the ESFR sprinklers and the conventlonai sprinklers. 910.3.5.1 Construction. Draft curtains shall be constructed of sheet rnctal, lath and plaster. gypsum board or other approved materials that provide equivalent performance to resist the passage of sn~oke.Joints and connections shall be smokc tight. 910.3.5.2 Location and dcpth. The location and ininimum depth of draft curtains shall be in accordance with Table 9 10.3. 910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by the fire code official, engineered mechanical smoke exhaust shall bc an acceptable altei-nativc to smoke and heat vents. 910.4.1 Location. Exhaust fans shall be unifol-mly spaced within each draft-curtained area and the maxi~nurndistancc between fans shall not be greater than I00 feet (30 480mm). 910.4.2 Size. Fans shall have a in ax it nun^ individual capacity of 30,000 cfin (14.2 rn31s). Thc aggregate capacity of sniokc exhaust fans shall bc determined by the cquation: C=A x300 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

(Equation 9-10)

where: C = Capacity of mechanical ventilation required. in cubic feet per minute (mils).

A = Area of roof vents provided in square feet (in?) in accordance with Table 910.3. 910.4.3 Operation. Mechanical smoke cxhaust Pans shall be automatically activated by the autotnatic sprinkler system or by heat detectors liaviilg operating characteristics equivalent to those described in Scction 9 10.3.2. I~ldividual ~nanualcontrols for each fan unit shall also bc provided. 910.4.4 Wiring and control. Wiring for operation and control of smolie exhaust fans shall be connected ahead of thc main disconnect and protected against exposure to telnpcratures in excess of l.OOO°F (538°C) for a pcriod of not lcss than 15 minutes. Controls shall be located so as to be imrncdiately accessible to the fire service from the cxtcrior of the building and protected against interior fire exposure by fire barriers having a fire-resistance rating not less than 1 hour. 910.4.5 Supply air. Supply air for cxhaust fans shall bc providcd at or near the floor lcvel and shall be sized to prov~dea 1ninimu111of 50 percent of requlred cxhaust. Openings for supply air shall be uniformly distributed around the pcriphcry of the area scrved. 910.4.6 Interlocks. On combination comfort air-haudlinglsmoke removal systcrns or independent co~nfort 97


air-handling systems, fans shall b e controlled to s h u t d o w n in accordance with the approved s m o k e control sequence.

2. W1-~ercquantities of hazardous materials specified in T a b l e 9 11.1 e x c e e d t h e m a x i m u m allowable q t ~ a n t i t i c s i n T a b l e 2703.1 .I (1). Such areas shall b e provided with explosion (defagration) venting, explosion (deflagration) prevention systems, o r barric a d e s in accordance with this section a n d NFPA 6 9 , o r NFPA 4 9 5 a s applicable. Dcflagration venting sl-la11 n o t b c utilizcd a s a nleans to protect buildings - f r o m detonation hazards.

SECTION 91 1 EXPLOSION CONTROL

911.1 General. Explosion control shall b e provided in t h e fol-

9 1 ~Required ~2 denagrationventing. heas that are rcquil-cd

lowing locations:

t o b c provided with detlagration venting shall c o m p l y with t h e following:

1 . W h e r e a stmcturc, room o r space is occupied for purposes involving explosion hazards a s identified i n T a b l e 9 1 1.1.

--,.

....

1. Walls, ceilings a n d roofs exposing s ~ ~ r r o u n d i nareas g shall bc designed t o rcsist a m i n i ~ n u minternal prcssurc

TABLE 911.1 EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS - .~ 7--~

~

...~

~

~.- . ...

~

~

-

~

~~

~

Explosion (deflagration) venting Barricade

CLASS --

-~

.

~

.

-

Hazard Category -. . . -

ji i 1

Explosives

~

;

.

Division Division Division Division Division Division .

1.I 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 .

I

I

II .

~

1 j IJnclassilied detonable - I . -.

I

!1.~

lOxitlizer liquids and . solitls 1 . .. IPyropho~ic -

-

. .

.

1

.

1 ...

1

--

i

I

I

I I 1 L~

.

.

i

. !

Requ~red Kequlred Required

.--

-

~

.-

.

~

-! i

-

Special Uses - . --

-

Required Required Not.required .. -~

i

-

-

Not required Not required

1

If

..

~

-

-

. ~.

-

I Where explo51on hazard5 exlstd -

-

- .

-

~ ..~ . -

i

! I

i

-

Not permitted .. . . ~ R e~.q ~. ~~.i r e d ~-

- -

-

~

~~~~

.. - -

.~

-

-

~

~

~

~

~

~

Not penni~tctl Not permitted Required . ~

~

~~

~ -

~

-

.

I I

i

I i

.1

Not required

Required

Required

Not permitted

-

I

I i L

II

.

Rcquiretl ;Liquefied . .. petroleum . .as dis~rihution facilities .. . ._ .

iI

-

I

-

-

I

Not perin~tted Not pe~lnlttetl

1

.

--

1

~~

-

~

Required Required .

-

I 1 /

-

Not required

i

3 detonable 3 nondetonablc . ~

1

.

Water-reactive 11quid5and solid5

-

I

~-. --. -

~

Not required Not required

~.

4 -

- -

-

Gases

.

I

-

4-~

!

I Unstable (reactive) I

I

~

+. ..-----. . -~

:

~

No1 required Not required Ilequired Recluired Not required . E?"~~~i:?!i. Req~~ired Required

!

Not required Not requircd

iFlammable liquids ,~-. -

~

-----. -~ --..

~

I

-

.

Required

Required Required Not required Not required Required Required . .

1

Gaseous Liquefied

-...

~

-

~.

Not required

~.

-

-

.~

-

I

Cryogenic fluids --.. -.. .~

.

I

Co~nbustibledusts"

.

Detonation Deflagration . . .. - ..

I

I

-

--

- --

I I

.A

a . Co~nbustihlc(lusts that are generated during manufacturing or pn~crssing.See definition of Combustible Dust in Chapter 2. b. S~crmgcor use. c. In ope11 use or dispensir~g. d. Roonis containinp dispcusing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environnrcntcan occur because of'tlle charactcl.istics o~-t~:~ture of t11c hazal-docis mulcrials or as a rcsult of thc dispensing or use procchs. e. \i method of explosion cnnlrol shall he providcd when Class 2 watrr-reactive materials can l'orm potentially explosi~emixtures. 98


~

I


of I00 pni~ndspcr square foot (psf) (4788 Pa). The rninimum internal design pressure shall not bc less than five times the maxiniurn internal rel~efpressure specificcl in Section 91 1.2, Item 5. 2. Dcflagration vcnting shall be providcd only in exterior walls and roofs.

Exception: Wherc sufficient exterior wall and roof venting cannot be provided because of inadequate exterior wall or roof area. deflagration vent~ngshall bc allowed by specially designed shafts vented to the cxterior of the building.

3. Deflagration venting shall be designed to prevent unacdamage. Where relieving a deflagraceptable stnict~~ral tion, vcnt closul.es shall not produce projectiles of sufficient vclocity and mass to causc life threatening injuries to the occupants or other persons on the property or adjacent public ways. 4. The aggregate clear area of vents and venting deviccs shall be govcrned by the pressure resistance of the constructiorl asscmblics specified in Item 1 of this section and the maximum internal pressure allowed by Item 5 of this section. 5. Vents shall be dcsigned to withstand loads in accordance B~iilrli?zgCOC~C. Vents shall consist with the I~~tci~r~ntiot~rrl of any one or any combination of the following to relieve m prcssure of 20 pounds pcr square at a ~ n a x i ~ n uinternal foot (958 Pa). but not less than the loads required by the Irzterrz~rtio~~al Briilding Code: 5.1. Exterior walls designed to release outward

5.2. Hatch covers.

5.3. Outward swinging doors 5.4. Roofs designed to ~ ~ p l i f t . 5.5. Vcnting dcviccs listed for the purpose.

6. Vents designed to release from theexterior walls or roofs of the building when vcnting a dctlagration shall discharge dircctly to the exterior of the building wherc an ~~noccupied space not less than 50 fect (1 5 240 mm) in width is provided between the extenor walls of the building and t11c property line. Exception: Vents complying with Item 7 of this scction.

7. Vcnts designed to rcmain attached to the building when venting a deflagration shall be so located that the discharge opening shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 nim) vertically from window openings and exits in the building and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally from exits in the building, from window openings and exits in adjacent buildings on the same PI-operty, and from the property line. 8. Discharge from vcnts shall not be into the intcrior of the building. 911.3 Explosion prevention systems. Explosion prevention systems shall be of an approvcd type ant1 installed in accordance with the provisions of this code and NFPA 69. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

911.4 Barricades. Barricades shall be designcd and installed in accordance with NFPA 495.

SECTION 912 FlRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS 912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be i~istalledin accordance with the NFPA standard applicablc to the system design and shall comply with Sections 911.2 through 9 12.6. 912.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, buildings and landscaping, firc department connections shall bc so located that fire apparatus and hose connected to supply the system will not obstruct access to the buildings for othcr tirc apparatus. The location of firc department connections shall bc approved. 912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections shall be located on the strcet side of builclings, fiilly visible and recognizable from the street or nearest point of firc dcpartment vehiclc access or as othcrwice approvcd by the firc code official. 912.2.2 Existing buildings. On cxisting buildings, whcrever the fire department connection is not visible to approaching tire apparatus, the fire dcpal-tmcnt connection shall bc indicated by an approvcd sign niountcd on thc strcet front or on the side of the building. Such sign shall h a w the letters " F D C at least 6 inches ( 152 ninl) high and words in letters at lcast 2 inches (5 1 mm) high or an arrow to indicate All such signs shall be subject to thc approval the locatio~~. of the firc code official. 912.3 Access. Immediate acccss to fix dcpnrtment conncctions \hall be maintained at all tinics and without obstruction by fences, bushes, tree\, walls or any othcr ol3.jcct for a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm). 912.3.1 Locking fire department connection raps. The firc code official is authorized to require locliing caps on tire departmcnt connections for water-based tirc protection systems whcre the responding fire departmcnt carries appropriate I c y wrenches for removal. 912.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised lettcrs at least I inch (25 nun) in size shall be mounted on all fire dcpartrnent connections serving automatic sprinlclcrs. standpipes or tirc pump connections. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS or STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION or a conibination thereof as applicable. 912.5 Backflow protection. Thc potablc watcr supply to automatic sprinliler and standpipc systenls shall be protected against bacl(i(~. Exceptions: I. Wiring in rigid conduit. 2. BOXCS or fittings not containing taps, splices or tcrrninal connections. 3. Equipment allowed by Sections 1504 and 1507 and Chapter 2 1.

1503.2.2 Open flames and sparks. Open tlames and spark-producing devices shall not be located in flammable vapor areas and shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 rnm) of such areas unless separated by a peimancnt partition. Exception: Drying and baking apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2. 1503.2.3 Hot surfaces. Heated surfaces having a temperature sufficient to ignite vapors shall not be located in flammable vapor areas. Space-heating appliances. stcam pipcs or hot surfaces in a flammable vapor arca shall bc located such that they arc not subject to accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. Exception: Drying apparatus complying with Section 1504.6.1.2. 1503.2.4 Equipment enclosures. Ecluipment or apparatus that is capable of producing sparks or particles of hot metal that would fall into a tlammable vapor area shall be totally enclosed. 1503.2.5 Grounding. Metal parts of spray booths, exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying Class I or It liquids shall be electrically grounded in accordancc with the ICC Electrical Code. Metallic parts located in rcsin application areas. including but not limited to exhaust ducts. ventilation fans, spray application equipment, workpicccs and piping. shall be electrically grounded. 1503.2.6 Smoking prohibited. Smoking shall bc prohibitcd in flammable vapor arcas and hazardous materials storage rooms associated with flammable finish processes. "No Sn~oking"signs complying with Section 3 10 shall bc conspicuousIy posted in such areas. 1503.2.7 Welding wanling signs. Welding, cutting and similar spark-producing operations shall not be conducted in or adjacent to flammable vapor areas or dipping or coating operations unless precautions have been taken to provide safcty. Conspicuous signs with the following warning shall be posted in thc vicinity of flammable vapor areas, dipping operations and paint storage rooms: NO WELDING THE USE O F WELDING OR CUTTING EQUIPMENT IN OR NEAR THIS AREA IS DANGEROUS BECAUSE O F FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS. WELDING AND CUTTING SHALL BE DONE ONLY UNDER 'THE SUPERVISION O F THE PERSON IN CHARGE.

1503.2.8 Powered industrial trucks. Powercd industrial trucks used in electrically classified arcas shall bc listed for such use. 1503.3 Storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible liquids. 'The storage, usc and handling of flammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with this section and Chapter 34. 1503.3.1 Usc. Containers supplying spray nozzlcs shall be of a closed type or provided with metal covcrs, which arc kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall bc on 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

~luncornbustiblcsupports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed I 0 gallons (37.9 L) in capacity.

1503.3.2 Val~es.Contamers and p~pingto which a hose or flex~bleconnect~onis attached shall be provided with a ahutoff valve at the connection. Such valves shall be kept shut when h o s c ~arc not in use. 1503.3.3 Pumped liquid supplies. Where flammable or combustible liquids arc supplied to spray nozzles by positive displacement pumps, pump discharge lines shall be provided with an approved relief valve discharging to pump suction or a safe detached location. 1503.3.4 Liquid transfer. Where a flamnlable rnixtul-c is transferred from one portable container to another, a bond shall be provided between t.he two containers. At least one container shall be grounded. Piping systelns for Class 1and I1 liquids shall be permanently ~ r o u n d e d . 1503.3.5 Class I liquids as solvents. Class 1 liquids used as solvents shall be used in spray gun and equipment cleaning machines that have been listed and approved for such purpose or shall he used in spray booths or spray rooms in accordance with Sections 1503.3.5.1 and 1503.3.5.2. 1503.3.5.1 Listed dcviccs. Cleaning machines for spray guns and equipment shall not be located in areas open to the public and shall be separated from ignition sources in accordance with thcir listings or hy a distance of 3 feet (914 min), whichever is greater. m e quantity of solvent uscd in a machine shall not cxceed the design capacity of the machine. 1503.3.5.2 Within spray booths and spray rooms. When solvents are used for cleaning spray nozzles and auxiliary ecluiprnent within spray booths and spray rooms, the ventilating equipment shall be operated during clcaning. 1503.3.6 Class I1 and 111liquids. Solvents uscd outside of spray booths, spray roorns or listed and approved spray gun and equipment cleaning machines shall be restricted to Claqs 11 and Ill liquids. 1503.4 Operations and maintenance. Flammable vapor arcas, exhaust fan bladcs and cxhaust ducts shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of con~bustibleresidues. Whcre excessive residue accumulates in such areas. spraying operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrcctcd. 1303.4.1 Tools. Scrapers, spuds and other tools used for cleaning purposes shall be constructed of nonsparking materials. 1503.4.2 Residue. Residues reinovcd during cleaning and debris contaminated with residue shall be ~mmediately removed from the premises and properly disposed. 1503.4.3 Waste cans. Approved metal waste cans equipped with self-closing lids shall be provided wherever rags or waste arc impregnated with finishing material. Such rags anti wnstc shall he deposited thcrein imrnediiitc1y after being utilized. The contents of waste cans shall be properly disposed of at least once daily and at the end of each shift.

1503.4.4 Solvent recycling. Solvent distillation equipment used to recycle and clean dirty solvcnts shall comply with Section 3405.4.

SECTION 1504 SPRAY FlNlSHlNG

1504.1 General. The application of flammablc: or conlbustible liquids by means of spray apparatus in continuous or intcmmittent processes shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1503 and 1504. 1504.2 Location of spray-finishingoperations. Spray finishing operations conducted in buildings uscd for Group A, E, I or R occupancies shall be located in a spray room protected with an approved automatic sprinkler systcm installed in accordance with Section 901.3.1. I and separated vertically andhorizontally from other areas in accordailce with the Inter-r~arioi~ni Building Code. In other occupancies, spray-finishing operations shall be conducted in a spray roorn, spray booth or spraying space approved for such use. Exceptions: 1. Autonlobile undercoating spray operations and spray-on automotive lining operations conducted in areas with approved natural or mechanical ventilation shall be exempt from the provisions OF Section 1504 when approved and where utilizing Class 111A or 11113 comb~~stible liquids. 2. In buildings other than Group A. E, I or R occupancies, approved limited spraying spacc in accordancc with Section 1504.9. 3. Resin application areas uscd for manufacturing of reinforced plasticscornplying with Section 1509 shall not be required to be located in ;I spray room, .spray booth or spraying spacc.

1504.3 Design and construction. Deslgn and construction of spray rooms, spray booths and spray spaces shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.3 through 1504.3.3.1. 1504.3.1 Spray rooms. Spray rooms shall be constnlcted and designed in accordance with this section ~ m dthe hltel-nntionui Building Code, and shall comply with Sections 1504.4 through 1504.8. 1504.3.1.1 Floor. Co~nbustiblefloor construction in s p r a y r o o i n s s h a l l b e c o v e l e d by a p p r o v e d , noncombustible, nonsparking material, cxcept where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin papcr or plastic and st1 ippablc coatings, arc utilized over noncombustible ~naterialsto facilitate cleaning opcrations in spray rooms. 1504.3.2 Spray booths. The design and construction of spray booths shall be in accordance with Sections 15M.3.7- 1 through 1504.3.2.6. Sections 1504.4 through 1504.5 and NFPA 33. 1504.3.2.1 Construction. Spray booths shall bc constructed of approved noncombustible materials. Aluminum shall not bc used. Where walls or ceiling assemblies are constructed of sheet metal, single-skin assen~blies

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

shall be no thinner than 0.0478 inch (I8 gage) (1.2 mm) and each 5heet of double-skin assemblies shall be no thinner than 0.0359 inch (20 gage) (0.9 mm). Structural sections of spray booths are allowcd to be sealed with latcx-based or similar caullcs ant1 sealants.

1504.3.2.2 Surfaces. The interior surfaces of spray booths shall be smooth: shall be constructed so as to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of thc interior. and to facilitate washing and cleaning; and shall bc designed to confine residues within the booth. Aluminum shall not be used. 1504.3.2.3 Floor. Combustible tloor construction in s p r a y b o o t h s s h a l l b e c o v c r e d by a p p r o v e d . noncombustible, nonsparking material. except where combustible coverings, including but not limited to thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncon~bustiblematerials to facilitate cleaning operations in spray booths. 1504.3.2.4 Means of egress. Means of egress shall be providcd in accordancc with Chapter 10. Exception: M e a n s o f e g r e s s d o o r s f r o m preinanufactured spray booths shall not be less than 30 inches (762 rntn) in width by 80 inches (2032 mm) in hcight. 1504.3.2.5 Clear space. Spray booths shall be installed so that all parts of the booth are readily accessible for cleaning. A clear space of not less than 3 feet (9 14 mm) shall be maintained on all sides of the spray booth. This clcar space shall be kept free of any storage or combustible construction. Exceptions: I. This requirement shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to or dil-cctly against an interior partition. wall or floor/cciling assembly that has a firc-resistance rating of not less than 1 hour, providcd the spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned. 2. This requiremcnt shall not prohibit locating a spray booth closer than 3 feet (914 mm) to an exterior wall or a roof assembly, provided the wall or roof is constructed of noncombustible material and thc spray booth can be adequately maintained and cleaned. 1504.3.2.6 Size. The aggregate arca of spray booths in a building shall not exceed the lesser of 10 percent of the area of any tloor of a building or the basic area allowed for a Group H-2 occupancy without area increases, as set Codc. The area of an forth i l l the h7tcnzatiotzal B~~ilding individual spray booth in a building shall not excecd thc lesser of the aggregate size limit or 1.500 square feet (139 m'). Exception: One individual booth not exceeding 500 square feet (46 m?). 1504.3.3 Spraying spaces. Spraying spaces shall be designcd and constructed in accordance with thc bztcrt7ci-

tio~znlBirildirzg Code and Sections 1504.3.-3.1 and 1 504.4 and thro~rgh1504.8 of this code.

1504.3.3.1 Floor. Combustible floor construction in spraying spaces shall be covered by approvcd, noncombustible nonsparking material, except whcre combustible coverings, such as thin paper or plastic and strippable coatings, are utilized over noncombustible materials to facilitate cleaning operations in spraying spaccs. 1504.4 Fire protection. Spray booths and spray rooms shall be protected by an approved automatic firc-cstinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. Protection shall also extend to exhaust plenulns, exhaust ducts and both sides of dry filters when such filters are used. 1504.4.1 Fire extinguishers. Portable tire cxlinguishers complying with Section 906 shall be provided for spraying areas in accordance with thc requirements for an extra (high) hazard occupancy. 1504.5 Housekeeping. maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Houselceeping. maintenance. storage and use of hazardous materials shall be in accordancc with Sections 1503.3, 1503.4. 1504.5.1 and 1504.5.2. 1504.5.1 Different coatings. Spray booths. spray rooms and spraying spaces shall not bc alternately utilized for different types of coating materials where the combination of inatcrials is conducive to spontaneous ignition, unless all deposits of one material are removcd from the booth, room or space and exhaust ducts prior to spraying with a different material. 1504.5.2 Protection of sprinklers. Automatic spriilklcrs installed in flammable vapor areas shall be protected from the accumulation of residue from spraying operations in an approved manner. Bags used as a protective covering shall be 0.003-inch-thick (0.076 mm) polyethylene or cellophane or shall be thin paper. Automatic sprinklers contaminated by overspray particles shall be replaced with new automatic sprinklers. 1504.6 Sourcesof ignition. Control of so~lrcesof ignition shall be in accordance with Sections 1503.2 and 1504.6.1 through 1504.6.2.4. 1504.6.1 Drying operations. Spray booths and spray rooms shall not be alternately used for the purposc or drying by arrangements or methods that could cause an increase in the surface temperature of the spray booth or spray room exccpt in accordance with Sections 1504.6.1.1 and 1504.6.1.2. Except as specifically provided in this section, drying or baking units utilizing a heating system having open flames or that are capable of producing sparks shall not be installed i n a flammable vapor areas. 1504.6.1.1 Spraying procedure. The spraying proccdurc shall use low-volume spray application. 1504.6.1.2 Drying apparatus. Fixed drying apparatus shall comply with this chapter and the applicable provisions of Chapter 21. When recirculation ventilation is provided in accordance with Scct~on1504.7.2, thc heating system shall not be within therecirculat~onair path. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE'

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

1504.6.1.2.1 Interlocks. The spraylng apparatus, drying apparatus and ventilating system for the spray booth or spray room shall be equipped with interlocks arranged to: 1 . Prevent operation of the spraying apparatus while drying operations are in progress. 2. Purgc spray vapors from the spray booth or \pray room for a pc~iodof not less than 3 mlnutes heforc the drying apparatus is rendered operable.

3. Have the ventilating systcrn maintain a safe atmosphere within the spray booth or spray room during rhc drying process and automatically shut off drying apparatus in the event of a failure of the ventilating systcrn. 4. Shut off the drying apparatus automatically if the air temperature within thc booth exceeds 200°F (93°C).

1504.6.11.2.2 Portable infrared apparatus. When a portable infrarcd drying apparatus is used, electrical wiring and portable infrared d r y i n equipment shall comply with the ICC E/ectriccrl Code. Electrical cquipmcnt located within 18 inches (457 rnm) of iloor level shall be approved for Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations. Metallic parts of drying apparatus shall bc electrically bonded and grounded. During spraying opcrations, portable diying apparatus and electrical connections and wiring thcrcto shall not be located within spray booths, spray rooms or otlicr arcas wherc spray residue would be deposited thercon. 1504.6.2 Illumination. Where spraying spaces, spray rooms or spray booths arc illunlinated through glass panels or other transparent materials, only fixed luininaire~shall be utilized as a source of illumination. 1504.6.2.1 Glass panels. Panels for luminaires or for ohscrvation shall bc of heat-treated glass, wired glass or harrirncred wire glass and shall be sealed to confine vapors. mists. residues, dusts and deposits to the flanuma blc vapor area. Pancls for lurninaircs sliall be separated from the luminaire to prevent the surface temperature of tlic panel from cxcceding 200°F (93°C). 1504.6.2.2 Exterior luminaires. Lum~nairesattachcd to the walls or ccilings of a flammable vapor area, but outside of any classified area and separated fro111 the flamiuablc vapor areas by vapor-tight glass panels. shall be suit:~blc for use in ordi~iaryhazard locationi. Such luminaires shall be serviced from outside the flammable vapor areas. 1504.6.2.3 Integral luminaires. Luminaires that are an intcg~alpart of the walls or ceiling of a flammable vapor area arc allowcd to be separated from thc tlammahle vapor area by glass panels that are an integral part of the luminairc. Such luminaircs shall be listed for use in Class I: Division 2 or Class I[, Division 2 locations, whichever is applicablc. and also shall be suitable for accuniulntions of deposits of conibustible residues. Such luminaires arc 2006 INTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@

allowed to bc scrviccd from insidc thc flammable vapor area.

1504.6.2.4 Portable electric lamps. Portable electric lamps shall not be used in tla~nmablcvapor areas during spraying operations. Portable electric lamps used during cleaning or repairing operations shall bc of a typc approved for hazardous locations. 1504.7 Ventilation. Mechanical ventilation of tlaniniablc vapor areas shall be provided in accoi-dance with Scction 510 of the hterlzational Mcci~arricalCotle. 1504.7.1 Operation. Mechanical ventilation shall bc kcpt in operation at all times while spraying opcrations arc being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow vapors from drying coated articles and finishing material residue to be exhausted. Spraying equipmelit shall be interlocked with the ventilation of the flammable vapor arcns such that spraying opcrations cannot bc conducted unlcss the ventilation system is in operation. 1504.7.2 Recirculation. Air exhaustcd from spraylng operations shall not be recirculatcd. Exceptions: 1. Air exhausled fro111spraying operations is allowcd to be recirculatcd as lnakeup air for unnianned spray operations. provided that:

1.1. The solid particulate has bccn rcmovcd. 1.2. The vapor concentration is less than 25 pcrcent of the LFI>

1.3. Approved equipment is used to monitor the \'apor concentration. 1.4. When the vapor conccnLration cxcceds 25 pcrcent of the LF1,. the following shall OccLIr: a. An alarm shall sound; and b. Spray operations shall automatically shut down. 1.5. In the event of ,shutdown of the vapor concentration monitor, 100 percent of the air volume spccificd in Sect~on510 of the Itltcr~natiorzul Mec.l,cir?ical Code is automatically exhausted.

2. Air exhaustcd from spraying operalions is allowcd to be I-ecirculated as makeup air to manned spraying operations where all of the conditions provided in Exception 1 arc included in the installation and documents havc been prepared to show that the installation docs not pose a life safcty hazard to personnel insidc the spray booth. spraying spclccor spray ~ ~ o o ~ i i .

1504.7.3 Air velocity. Vcntilatioll syslcms shall bc designed, installed and maintained such that thc average air velocity over the open face of the booth, or booth cross scction in thc direction of airflow during spraying opcrations, shall not be less than 100 feet per minute (0.51 mls).

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

1504.7.4 Ventilation obstruction. Articles being sprayed shall bc positioned in a manner that docs not obstruct collection of ovcrspray. 1504.7.5 Independent ducts. Each spray booth and spmy room shall have an independent exhaust duct system discharging to the outsidc. Exceptions:

1504.7.8.1 Supports. Supports and holders for filtcrs shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. 1504.7.8.2 Attachment. Ovcrspray collection filtcrs shall be readily removable and accessible for cleaning or replacement. 1504.7.8.3 Maintaining air velocity. Visible gaugcs, audible alarms or pressure-activated devices shall bc installed to indicate or ensure that the required air velocity is maintained.

1. Multiple spray booths having a combined frontal area of 18 square feet ( 1.67 m2) or less are allowed to have a common exhaust whcn identical spray finishing material is used in each booth. If more than one fan serves one booth, fans shall bc interconnected such that all fans will operate simultancousl y.

1504.7.8.4 E'ilter rolls. Spray booths cquippcd with a filter roll that is automatically advanced whcn the air ~ e l o c ity is reduced to less than 100 feet pel- minute (0.5I m/s) shall bc arranged to shut down the spraying operation if the filter roll fails to advance automatically.

2. Where treatment of c x h a ~ ~ is s t necessary for air pollution control or for energy conservation, ducts shall be allowed to be manifolded if all of the following conditions are met:

1504.7.8.5 Filter disposal. Discarded filter pads shall be immediately removed to a safc, detached location or placed in a nonconlbustiblc container with a tight-fitting lid and disposed of properly.

2.1. The sprayed materials used are compatible and will not react or cause ignition of the residue in the ducts.

1504.7.8.6 Spontaneous ignition. Spray booths using dry filters shall not be used for spraying materials that arc highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. Filters shall be changed prior to spraying materials that could react with other materials previously collccted. An example of a potentially reactive combination includes lacquer when combined with varnishes. stains or primers.

2.2. Nitrocellulose-based finishing inaterial shall not be used. 2.3. A filtering systcm shall be provided to reduce the amount of overspray carried into the duct manifold. 2.4. Autolnatic sprinkler protection shall be provided at the j~rnction of each booth exhaust with the manifold, in addition to thc protection required by this chapter.

1504.7.6 Termination point. The termination point for cxhausl ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall not be ICSS than the following distances: I. Ducts convcying explosive or flammable vapors. fumes or d~rsts:30 feet (9144 mnil from the property line; I0 fcct (3048 mni) from openings Into the building; 6 feet ( 1829min) froni exterior walls and roofs; 30 feet (9144 ninl) from combustible walls or openings into the building that arc in the direction of the exhaust discharge: 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining gradc. 2. Othcr product-convcying outlets: 10 feet (3048 ~ n m ) from the property line: 3 fcet (9 14 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 10 fcet (3048 nim) from openings into the building; I0 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.

1504.7.7 Pan motors and belts. Electric motors driving cxliausl fans shall not be ylaccd inside booths or ducts. Fan rotating elements shall be nonferrous or nonsparking or the casing shall consist of, or bc lincd with, such material. Bclts shall not enter the duct or booth unless the belt and pulley within the duct are tightly enclosed. 1504.7.8 Filters. Air intake filters that are part of a wall or ceiling asscmbly shall be listcd as Class 1or II in accordance with UL 900. Exhaust filtcrs shall be required.

1504.7.8.7 Waterwash spray booths. Waterwash spray booths shall be of an approvcd design so as to prevcnt excessive accumulation of deposits in ducts and 'csiduc at duct outlets. Such booths shall be arranged so that air and overspray are drawn through a continuously flowing watcr curtain before entering an exhaust duct to the building exterior. 1504.8 Interloclts. Interlocks for spray application finishes shall be in accordance with Sections 1504.8through 1504.8.2. 1504.8.1 Automated spray application operations. Where protecting automated spray application opcrations. automatic firc-extinguish~ng systems shall be cquipped with an approved interlock featurc that will, upon discharge of the systcm, automatically stop the spraying operations and workpiecc convcyors into and out of the flam~nablc vapor areas. Whcrc thc building 1s cquipycd wit11 a fire alarm system, discharge of the automatic fire-extinguishing system shall also activate the building alarm notification applianccs. 1504.8.1.1 Alarin station. A manual fire alarm and emergclicy system shutdown station shall bc installcd to serve each flammable vapor area. When ~~ctivated, thc station shall accomplish the functions indicated in Scction 1504.8.1. 1504.8.1.2.41arm station location. At least onc manual fire a l m and enlcrgency system shutdown station shall be rcadily accessible to operating personnel. Where access to this station is likely to involvc exposure to dangcr, an addilional station shall bc located adjacent to an exit from thc area. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

1504.8.2 Ventilation interlock prohibited. Air makeup and flammable mpor area exhaust systems shall not be interlocked with the firc alarm system and shall remain in operation during a fire alarm condition. Exception: Where thc type of tire-extinguishing system uscd requires such ventilation to be discontinued, airmakeup and cxliaust systems sliall shut down and dampcrs shall close. 1504.9 Limited spraying spaces. Limitcd spraying spaces shall comply w ~ t hSections 1504.9. l through 1504.9.4. 1504.9.1 Job size. The aggregate surface area to be sprayed shall not exceed 9 square feet (0.84 m2).

and discharged to a closed. vented salvagc tank or to an approved outside location.

Exception: Dip tanks conlaining Class IIIB combustible liquids where the liquids are not heated above room temperaturc and the process area is protected by automatic sprinklers. 1505.3.3 Dipping liquid temperature control. Protection against the acculiiulation of Yapors, self-ignition and excessively high tcmperatures shall be provided for dipping liquids that are heated directly or hcated by the surfaccs of the object being dipped.

1504.9.2 Yrcqoency. Spraying operations shall not be of a continuous nat~11-c.

1505.3.4 Dip-tank covers. Dip-tank covers :rllowcd by Section 1505.4.1 shall be capable of nianual operation and shall be automatic closing by approved autonlatic-closing devices designed to operate in the event of a firc.

1504.9.3 Ventilation. Pos~tivemeclianical ventilation providing a minimum of six complete air changes per hour shall be installcd. Such system shall meet thc rcquiremcnts of this code for handling flammable vapor areas. Explosion venting is not required.

1505.3.4.1 Construction.Covers shall bc constructed of noneonib~~stible material or be of a tin-clad typc with enclosing metal applied with locl<edj o i ~ ~ t s .

1504.9.4 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring within 10 fect (3048 nim) o l the floor and '70 fect (6096 mm) horizontally of thc limited spraying space shall bc dcsigncd for-Class 1, Division 2 locations in accordance with the 1CC Elcctriccrl cod^.

SECTION 1505 DIPPING OPERATIONS 1505.1 General. Dip-tank operations shall coniply with the requirements of Section 1503 and this section. 1505.2 Location of dip-tank operations. Dip-tank operations conducted in buildings used for Group A, I or R occupancics shall be locatcd in a room desigrred for that purpose. equipped with an approvcd automatic sprinkler system and separated vertically and horizontally from other areas in accordance with Rziilrlirlg Code. the I~zrerncrtio~ral 1505.3 Construction of dip tanks. Dip tanks shall be const]-ucted in accordance with Sections 1505.3.1 through 1505.3.4.3 and NFPA 34. Dip tanks, including drain boards, shall be constructed of noncombustible ~naterialand their supports shall he of heavy metal, reinforced concrete or masonry. 1505.3.1 Overflow. Dip tanks greater than 150 gallons (568 L) in capacity or I0 square feet (0.93 m') in liquid surface arca shall be ccluipped with a trapped overtlow pipe leading to an approved location outside the building. Thc bottom of the overflow connection shall not be less than 6 inches (152 mm) below the top of the tank. 1505.3.2 Bottom drains. Dip tanks greater than 500 gallons (I 893 L) in liquid capacity shall be equipped with bottom drains that are arrangcd to autorlraticall y and nianually drain thc tank q ~ ~ i c kin l ythc event of a fire unless the viscosity of the liquid at normal atmospheric temperature makcs this inipractical. Manual operation shall be from a safe, accessible location. Wlicre gravity flow is not practicable, autornatic pumps shall be provided. Such drains shall bc trapped 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

1505.3.4.2 Supports. Chain or wire ropc shall bc utilized for covcr rupports or operating mcchanisnis. 1505.3.4.3 Closed covers. Covers shall bc kcpt closcd when tanks are not in use. 1505.4Fireprotection. Dip-tank operations shall be protcctcd in accordance with Sections 1505.4.1 through 1504.4.2. 1505.4.1 Fixed fire-extinguishing equipment. An approved automatic firc-extinguishing Eystem or dip-tank cover in accordance w ~ t hSection 1505.7 shall be provided for the following dip tanks: 1. DIPtanks less than 150 gallolls (568 L) in capacity or 10 square fect (0.93 m2) in liquid surfacc arca. 2. Dip tanks containing a liquid with a flash point bclow 11OoF(43"C)uscd in such manncr that the liquid ternperature could equal or be greater than its flash point kom artificial or natural causcs, and having both a capacity of niorc thau I0 gallons (37.9 L) and a liquid sul-facc area of more than 4 square fect (0.37 m').

1505.4.1.1 Fire-extinguishing systcm. An approved automatic fire-extin_guishing systcm shall be providcd for dip tanks with a 150-gallon (568 L) or more capacity or 10 squarc fcet (0.93 m2) or larger in a liquid surface area. Fire-extinguishing system design shall be in accordance with NFPA 34. 1505.4.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Areas in the vicinity of dip tanks shall be provided with portablc fire extinguishers complying with Section 906 and suitable for flammable and combustible liquid fircs as specified for extra (high) hazard occupancies. 1505.5 Housekeeping, maintenance and storage of hazardous materials. Housekeeping, maintenance, storagc anti use of ha~ardous materials shall be in accordance with Scctio~is 1503.3 and 1503.4. 1505.6 Sources of'ignition. Control of sources of ignition shall be in accordance with Scction 1503.2.

FLAMMABLE FINISHES

1505.7 Ventilation of flammable vapor areas. Flammable vapor arcas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequatc to prevcnt the dangerous accumulation of vapors. Rcquired ventilation systc~nsshall be arranged such that the failure of any vcntilating fan shall automatically stop the dipping conveyor systcm. 1505.8 Conveyor interlock. Dip tanks utilizing a conveyor sy5tcm shall be arranged such that in the cvent of a fire, the conveyor system shall auton~aticallyceasc motion and the required tank bottom drains shall open. 1505.9 Hardening and tempering Hardcning and tempering tanks shall comply with Sections 1505.3 through 1505.3.3, 1505.4.2 and 1505.8 but shall be exempt from other provisions of Scction 1505. 1505.9.1 1,ocation. Tanks shall be located as far as practical from furnaccs and shall not be located on or near combustible floors. 1505.9.2 Hoods. Tanks shall be provided with a noncombustible hood and vent or other approved venting means, tcrrninating outsidc of the structure to serve as a vent in case of a fire. Such vent ducts shall be treated as flues and proper clearanccs shall be maintained from combustible materials. 1505.9.3 Alarms. Tanks shall bc equipped with a high-tempcraturc limit switch arranged to sound an alarm when the tcrnpcrature of thc quenching medium reaches 50°F (10°C) below thc flash point. 1505.9.4 Fire protection. Hardcning and tempering tanks greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) in capacity or 25 square fcet (2.3 111:) in liquid surface area shall bc protected by an approvcd automatic Eire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. 1505.9.5 Use of air pressure. Air under pressure shall not be uscd to fill or agitate oil in tanks. 1505.10 Plow-coating operations. Flow-coating operations shall co~nplywith thc requirements for dip tanks. The area of the sump and any arcas on which paint tlows shall be considered to be the area of 11 dip tank. 1505.10.1 Paint supply. Paint shall be suppliedby a gravity tank not exceeding I 0 gallons (38 L) in capacity or by direct low-pressure pumps arranged to shut down auton~aticallyin case of a fire by means of approved heat-actuated deviccs. 1505.11 Koll-coating operations. Roll-coating operations shall comply with Section 1505.10. In roll-coating operations utilizing flammable or conlbustible liquids, sparks from siatic electricity shall bc prevented by electrically bonding and grounding all metallic rotating and othcr parts of tnachine~y and equipment and by the installation of static collectors. or by maintaining a conductive atmosphere such as a high relative humidity. SECTION 1506 POWDER COATING 1506.1 General. Operations using finely ground particles of pl-otcctivc finishing material applied in dry powder form by a

fluidized bed. an electrostatic fluidized bcd, powder spray guns or electrostatic powder spray guns shall comply with thi5 section. In addition to Section 1506, Scction 1507 shall apply to fixed electrostatic equipment used in powder coating opcrations.

1506.2 Location. Powder coat~ngopcrations shall bc conducted in enclosed rooms conbtructed and protcctcd in accordance with Section 1506. 1506.3 Construction of powder coating rooms and booths. Powder coating rooms and booths shall be constructed of noncombustible materials, enclosed powder coating facilities that are ventilated or ventilated spray booths complying with Section 1504.3.2. Exception: Listed spray-booth assemblies that are constructed of other materials shall be allowed. 1506.4 Fire protection. Areas used for powder coating shall be protected by an approved automatic tire-cxtinguishing system complying with Chapter 9. 1506.4.1 Additional protection for fixed systems. Automated powder application equipment shall be protected by the installation of an approvcd. supenised flamc detection apparatus that u! aq lou [[eqb s [ 18 OS[ o sloauia.t!nbai ~ U I ~ J aql I ? ql!a ~ sa![druos 11?qlu o l l u ~paluq payscd-,i[asoaa .o 1 ' 1['KO:; q q r ! ~aas '1 ['SOL; u0!1ms q l ! Bu!ildui03 ~ sa!3ur.d11330 s dno.rt) o! \a~l!lucnbaS1:rols put! 1.q drio~f)LI! sq!nn?nb i;s[ds!p pur? s81,.1ols . I U ~,u 'z'['S ' Z-HJO I-H j ~ ~ 0 j 1 :.a([) S..~I 1-H

pal!ruq ION

~

(a.k!lst.a.rj 21qqsufl

i

~

'

-----I

a[qm[ddy

!

3uoqdo.1,id

+

L

6

oz

P

/ i

suollelj p!nb!l

~---TSX~TGAS

I

spunod p!los

~. --L-. ..

N3dO-3Sfl

!

SSVl3

laaj mqn3 se~)

~--.

-

-

NflNlX'fW 3HlN3HM ~IIOHE)

-I i

--

-

lVI~3lVW

w ;

TABLE 2703.1.1(2) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POSING A HEALTH HAZARD"I~~".~ 7

1

i 1

I

STORAGE^

....~

Solid

MATERIAL

-P!~Z~

~

;

L

Liquid gallons

!P~u~~!:L

.

__..~

~-

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS~ ~

; I

Gas cubic feet at NTPe

Solid poundse

I

~

Liquid gallons pound^)^

~

~

! Gas ' cubic feet at NTPe

L-

.

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS~

~~

Solid ~i~poundse

~~

1I

LIquid gallons

@!ST.

For SI: I cubic foot = 0.02E32 m3. I pound = 0.454 kg. I gallon = 3.7YS L. a. For usc of co~itrol:Ireas, see Section 2703.8.3. h. In retail and wholesale sales occupancies, the quantitics of med~cincs.foodstuff's consi~mel-or indust~ialproducts, and cosmetic?. containing not more than 50 percenl by volume of tv:lter-miscihlt. liqmds :md wrth the remainder or the solutions not being flammable. shztll not he limilsd, provided that such materials are packaged in individual con1ainel.s not exceecling 1.3 gallons. h 2703.1 1. see Table 2703.1 I . I c. For storage and display quantities in Group M and storage quantitizs In Group S occupancies coiilplying a ~ t Seclion d. The aEgregare qi~antityin use aud storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. c. hl.~:~ximun~nllo\v;~blequaotities ?hall be increased 100percent ill buildings equipped throngbout wilh an apploved automatic sprinkler systc111in accr~rdz~nclr with Section 903.3.1.1. Whcre NOWf also applies, the incren~efor both notes shall be applied accon~ulativcl~. f. Maximum allowable quanritics shall be increased I00percent when stored in approved storage cabinets. gas cabinets. or exhaustedenclosures. Where h'otee alsoapplies. the increase for both notes shall bc applied accunlulativrly. g. A ci~lglecylinder containing 150 pouilds or lesh of anhydrou.: nmnic~niain a single control area in a nonsprinklered building shall he considered amaximuni allou~shlequantity. Two cylinders, each containing 150 i u r n quantity provideci the building is cquipped throughout with anautomatic sprinkler system in accorclance with Scclion 903.3.1.1. pounds or Ichs in a single controlareashall be considered a n ~ ~ ~ i i ~allon~ahle h. Alloued ouly when stored in approved exhausted gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures. i. Quantities in parenthesis indicate quantity units in parenthesis at the head of each column. j. Fur gallons of liquids, divide the amount III pounds by 10 in accortlance with Seclion 2703.1.1.

N

8 o) -z

TABLE 2703.1 .I (3) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS NlATERlALS POSING A PHYSICAL HAZARD IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREAasbsC -~ ~-~

;

w

m

.---

Solid pounds. ...

gallons (pounds) -

_

CLASS ---

' MATERIAL _-

Gaseous Liqudied -~--. . 1 Not /Flarnm:~blerolid Applicable

~

-

~

~

i

Organic pcroxide .

Unclassified I Deton:+ble-4! . . - - - . - - . . .

I

i

II

i

111 IV --

~

v-

20 200

-

'I

Oxidizing gas

.

I

Pyrophoric materials

I

1 Unstable (reactive) .. . .

Water reactivc

4 3 2 1

1

j ..

i I

.7

Not Applicable

i

I

j

(11

/

0.25

Not App]icrblc

lo 100 250 500

!

j

(40)" (1000

Not Applicable

1 1

25 0

;

8 2

3

4~0imited..

.

) 6,000 '4 No1 Applicable 60 j Not Applicable

1

i.

(8)"

-..--

/

1

-.-.-. ~

100

20 200

I

1

,i -

(1001~ (250)" (500)-

~

~

Gas cubic feet at NTP

'

Solid pounds

1,500

:

Not

t'o)L'

i 500 Not Lilnited . . . . + . . . . . . . c

:

Applicable

K t

t

1-

1

3

i

I

(500)" Not Limited

1 1 C

Applicable -.--k----. ;

\ (

1I

1

2

30 14y'

Not AAppljcable

!

I

Not i\pplicablc

~

~

(0.25)"

i

(2)"

1 i

(50,"

)

50 100 No1 Limited

I

Not Limited

1

0.7-5

1

(0.25)d

i

i;

3.000 I

1

Applicable

20

I

I

(30)~~

4 I00 j (100)" Not Limited -1- Not Limited Not Not

'

Applicable

0

10

:

-. .

. . . . . . . . l l ~ . l . . -

~

Not Applicable

1

I

Not Applicable

50 0.25

Liquid gallons (pounds'

~--*

-.---

I-

Not Appliciblc

1i

i

Not Applic.ble >!

L_NSL~~~~CJ

,

I

I

(I0y

1

i

I

~

(0.25j1I

-.

.j-~~i\pp!k:b!:.. i Ap@ic:!?!e.~-l 1

-~ -.--.

~

~

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS~

I

i

NO^ Applicable

i

+

I

Not Applicable

15 _ Not 7 i p-Applicable . _

C

- .

E_Llm2cdA~%?~Cl1711te!..-i~ ~

1

Not Al~plicablc.

1 (1,000)\ .~*~imi15d L.-~o!~in~jt?d 2 II (2)d 1

+

No( Applicable

!

/

1

(20)''

,

Liquid gallons (pounds) -.- -

A

i

~ 2 0 0 ~ 1~

!

Not Applicabls

1,000

40 1,000

Gaseous Liquefied

Solid pounds -

Not Applicable

('oo)"

1

I

Oxidizer

'

'

Not Applicable i 3,000 , ! Not Applicable : 30 +-

Nut Applicable.-

'


. -i~~

~

~

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMSb

Liquid

z D =!

~-

~

STORAGE^ -..

! ApplicableJ 1

i

0

.

2

10

1

I

Ed

7

2.

1

31 0

3

.. 7

1

20

Not Aliplicable

i ..

--

10 100 Not Limited

i,

100)" No1 Limited (

1

Not Applicable

i

1

I 10

F ~SI:I I poulld = 0.454 kg. 1 sullorl = 3.785 L. I cubic f o ~=t 0.02832 n~'. a. For yallons of liquid?.divide the amount in pounds by 10 in accordance with Section 2703.1 2. b. The aggregue quantities in storage and use shall not exceed the quantity listed for ?torage. c. The aggrrpateqoonrity ol'nontl~~r~~llablr \olidnnil nonflalnlr~bleornonco~nh~stiblr liqnid hamrdoos materials allin\ cd in outdoor storage per.;ingle property under thc ? a n t o\q'~lrr~hrp ur ~nnlrolused for rel;~ilor \r.holesalt. sales is allo~vedto exceed the ~nnxi~nuin allo\vable quantity per control area wlleo soch storage is in accordance wilh Section 2703.1 1. d. Quantities in pasentlleses ~ndicatcquantlty unirr i n p;~renrheresat the hexi of each coltumn.

0 C U)

E

D

4 a

?=cn I

R

$ n D r

+J

n

8v, P

U)

TABLE 2703.1.1(4) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS POSING A HEALTH HAZARD IN AN OUTDOOR CONTROL AREAazbrC

-

~

STORAGE ~

MATERIAL

Corrosives

Solid pounds 20.000

USE-CLOSED SYSTEMS

----

~

~

Liquid gallons ! Gas (pounds) cubic feet at NTP -4 --....--.--.-...-...--.--.--i---..----..-...-... ;

.

2,000

Solid pounds

I .620g

+..

1,000

i

(l,OOOpi

'

1:620

~-

~

4

~

Liquid gallons (pounds)

. . . IO,000 . . - + _ . - -i L - _ L l

10

40L1

I Toxics

USE-OPEN SYSTEMS

~

SO0

1

;


Solid pounds ~~

000

810:'

(10)'

20i

I 50' L810 -

I

~

1,000

25

~.

_ . . _ . . . . _ . _ . . i

3 !

7 1

Liquid gallons (pounds)

I

-:

~

I1

(2j)c.f

I

For ST: 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 I I Y . 1 p o ~ ~ n=d0.454 kg. 1 gallon = 3.785 L.. 1 pound p~.rsquare inch :thsolutc = 6.895 kPn."C = [i"F)-3211.8]. a. For gallons of liquids, divide the amount in pounds by I0 in accorck~ncewith Section 2703.1.2. h. The aggregate quantities in slorage and use ?hull not exceed the quantity listed for storage. c. The aggregats quantity of nonflammable solidand nonflan~n,ableor noncombustible liquid hazardous materials allowedir~o~itdoorstorage per single pl-opelty under the sanrc ownership or control uscdforretail or \vhole.;ale sales IS :illowed lo exceed the maximum allowable i1o;lntity per control area when snch s t o l ~ ~ is g ein accordance with Section 2703.1 I. d. Allowed only wheii used 111 approved exhausted €;I$ cabinets, txhuustccl enclosures rir under f u ~ n eIloods. e. The maximum allowable quantity pel- control area for toxic liquids with vapo~.pressuresin excess of 1 p ~ i aat 77°F shall be the maximum a~llowablzquantity per conlrol arco listed fbr highly t v ~ i cliquids. 1'. Quantities i n parzntheses indicate quantity units in parentheses at the head of each column. y . Two cylinders. each cylinder containing I50 poun~lsor less of anhytlrous amnwnia, shall be considered a ~ n a x l i i ~ allowable ~l~n quantity in an c~utdoorcontrol urea.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL PROVISIONS

2703.2 Systenas, equipirlenal and processes. Systerns, cquip~ n e nand t pIocesscs ~ ~ t i l i z for c d storage, dispensing, usc or handling of ha~ardousmaterials shall be in accordance with Secttons 3703.2.1 through 2703.2.8. 2703.2.1 Design and construction of containers, cylindcrs and tanks. Containersl cylinders and tanks shall be ticsigned and constructed in accordance with approved stand:rrds. Containers, cylinders, tanks and other means used for containment of hazardous ~liaterialsshall be of an approved type. 2703.2.2 Piping, tubing, valves and fittings. Piping, tubing, valvcs and fittings conveying hazardous materials shall be dcsigned and installed in accordancc with approved standards and shall be in accoi-dance with Sections 2703.2.2.1 and 2703.2.2.2. 2703.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing. v~~lvcs, fittings and related components used for hazardous lnatcrials shall be in accordance with the following: 1. Piping, tubing, valvcs, fittings and related components shall bc designcd and fabricatcd fr-urn rnatcrials that are compatible with the material to be coiitai~~ed and shall be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and scis~nicstress and exposure to which they arc subject.

2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASMF, A1 3.1 to Indicate thc material conveycd. 3. Readily acccssiblc manual valves or automatic rcrnotely activated [all-safe enlcrgcncy shutoff valvcs shall be installed on supply piping and tubing at Lhe following locat~ons: 3.1. Thc point of use. 3.2. The tank, cylinder or bulk sourcc. 4. Manual emergency shutoff \alveb and controls for I ernotcly activated emergency shutoff valves shall bc identified and the locatioll shall be clearly visible. accessible and indicated by means of a sign.

5. Backflom prevcntion or cl~eckvalves shall be provided when the backflow of hazardous materials us or cause the could create a h < u ~ ~ r d ocondition unauttlorizcd discharge of hazardous materials. 6. Wherc gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of: Hcalth hazard Class 3 or 4 Fl:~mmah~lity Class 4 Reactivity Clays 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are carried in pressurizcd piping above 15 pounds per square inch gaoge (psig) ( 1 03 I<Pa), an approved means of Iealc dctcction and emergency shutoff or excess llow control shall be provided. Where the piping originarcs fi-0111 within a hazardous ~natcrialsroragc room or area, the cxccss flow control shall bc located within thc storagc roorn or area. Where the


piping originates from a bulk sourcc, thc excess flow control shall be located as closc to the bulk sourcc as practical.

Exceptions: 1. Piping for inlet con~rcctionsdcrigned to prcvent backflow. 2. Piping for pressure relief devices.

2703.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health-hazard materials. Supply piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health-hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordalice with NFPA704 shall be in accordance with ASME B3 I .3 and the following: 1. Piping and tubing utilized for the translnissioll of highly toxic, toxic 01-highly volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have wcldcd, thrc;rded or flanged connections throughout cxccpt for connectio~rslocated within a ventilated enclos~lrcif the material is a gas, or an approved n~cthodof drainage or containment is provided for conncctions if the material is a liquid. 2. Piping ant1tubing shall not bc located within corridors, withill any portion of a tneans of cgi-css requircd to be encloscd in fire-resistance-rated constructio~~ or in conccaled spaces in arcas not classified as Group H occupancies.

Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and thc floor or roof above or in conccalcd spaces abovc other occupancies whcn installed in accordance with B~liltlit~ Section 4 15.8.6.3 of the Ir~te~~crtiotzul Code for Group H-5 occupancies. 2703.2.3 Equipment, rnachiiiery and alarms. Equipment. machinery and required dctection and alarm systems associated with the use. storage or handling of hazat-dous n~aterials shall he listcd or approved. 2703.2.4 Installation of tanks. Installation of tanks shall be in accordatlce with Scctions 2703.2.4.1 through 7,703 2.4.2.1. 2703.2.4.1 Underground tanks. Underground tanks used for the storage of liquid hazardous materials shall bc provided with secondary containment. I n lieu of providing secondary containment for an underground tank, an above-ground tank in an underground vault complying with Section 3404.2.8 shall he permitted. 2703.2.4.2 Above-ground tanks. Above-ground stat i o n a l ~tanks used for the storagc of hazardous n~atcri:~ls shall be located and protected in accordance with thc rcquirements for outcloor storagc of thc pnrticulal. nlatcrial involved. Exception: Above-ground tanks that arc installed in vaults complying with Section 3003.16 or 340-12.2.8 1 shall not bc rcqui~.etlto comply with location and protection recluirenlents for outdoor storagc.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS-GENERAL

PROVlSlONS

2703.2.4.2.1 Marking. Abovc-ground stationary tanks shal I bc marked as required by Section 2703.5. 2703.2.5 Empty containers and tanks. Empty containers and tanks previously uscd for the storage of hazardous niatcrials shall be fice from residual material a i d vapor as dcfined by DOTn, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (KCRA) or other regulating authority or maintained as specified for the storage of hazardous ~naterial. 2703.2.6 Maintenance. In addition to the requirements of Scction 2703.2.3. equipment, machinery and r e q ~ ~ i r e d detection and alarm systems associated with hazardous materials shall bc maintained in an operable condition. Defective containers. cylinders and tanks shall be renioved from service, repaired or disposed of in an approved manner. Defective equipment or machinery shall be removed from scrvicc and repaired or replaced. Required detection and alarm systems shall be replaced or repaired whcre dcfcctivc. 2703.2.6.1 Tanks out of service for 90 days. Stationary tanks not used for a period of 90 days shall be properly safeguarded or remo\red in an approved manner. Such tanks shall have the fill line, gauge opening and pump connection secured against tampering. Vent lines shall be properly maintained. 2703.2.6.1.1 Return to service. Tanks that are to bc placed back in service shall bc tested in an approved manncr. 2703.2.6.2 Defective containers and tanks. Defective containers and tanks shall bc removed from service. rcpaired in accordance with approved standards or disposed of in an approved manner. 2703.2.7 Liquid-level limit control. Atmospheric tanks having a capacity greater than 500 gallons (1893 L) and which contain hazardous material liquids shall be c q ~ ~ i p y c d with a liquid-level limit control or other approved means to prevent overfilling of the tank. 2703.2.8 Seismic protection. Machincry and equipment utilizing hazardous materials shall be braced and anchored in accordancc with the seismic design rcquircments of the hztenlutiorial B~iiltlirzgCode for the seismic dcsign category in which thc machincry or cquipmcnt is classified. 2703.2.9"Testing. The equipment, devices and systems listed in Section 2703.2.9.1 shall be tested at one of the intervals lisled in Section 2703.2.9.2. Written rccords of the tests conducted or maintenance performed shall be maintained in accordance with the provisions of Section 107.2.1. Exceptions: 1. Testing shall not be required whereapproved written documentation is provided stating that testing will danlagc the equipment, device or systcni and the cquip~ncnt,device or system is maintained as specified by the manufacturer.

2. Testing shall not be required for equipmcnt, dcviccs and systems that fail in a fail-safe manrler.

248

3. Testing shall not be required for ecluipment, dcviccs and systems that sclf-diagnosc ;iiid I-cport trouble. Records of the sclf-diagnosis and troubic reporting shall bc n u d e available to the authority having jurisdiction. 4. Testing shall not bc required if systcln activation occurs during the required test cyclc for thc components activated during the test cycle.

5. Approved maintenance in accordancc with Scction 2703.2.6 that is perforlncd not less than annually or in accordancc with an approved schcdulc shall be allowed to meet the testing requirements sct forth in Sections 2703.2.9.1 and 2703.2.9.2.

2703.2.9.1 Equipment, devices and systems requiring testing. The following equipment, systeins and dcvicc~ shall be tested in accordancc with Sections 2703.2.9 and 2703.2.9.2. 1. Gas detection systems, alarins and automatic emergency shutoR valves required by Scction 3704.2.2.10 for highly toxic and toxic gases. 2. Linlit control systems for liquid level, temperature and pressure required by Sections 2703.2.7, 2704.8 and 2705.1.4. 3. Emergency alarrn systems and supervision required by Sections 2704.9 and 2705.4.4. 4. Monitoring and supervisory systc~nsrcquired by Sections 2704.10 and 2705.1.6. 5. Manually activated shutdown controls rcquired by Section 41 03.1.1.1 for compressed gas systems conveying pyrophoric gases.

2703.2.9.2 Testing frequency. The eq~ripment.systems and deviccs listed in Section 2703.2.9. I shall hc tcstcd at one of the frequencies listed below: 1. Not les:, than annually:

2. In accordancc with the approved manufacturers' requirements; 3. In accordance with approved recognized industry standards: or 4. dn accordance with an approved schedule.

2703.3 Release of hazardous materials. Hazardous matcrials in any quantity shall not be released into a sewer, storm drain, ditch. drainage canal, creek, strcani, river. lake or tidal waterway or on the ground, sidewalk, strect. highway or into the atmosphere. Exceptions: 1. The release or emission of hazardous materials is allowcd when in conq~linncewith federal, state, or local governmental agencies, regulations or pcrniits. 2. The release of pesticide5 is allowcd when uscd in accordance with registered lahe1 dircctio~ls.



3. The release of fertilizer and soil amendments IS allowed when uscd In accortlauicc with manufacturer's specifications. 2703.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. When hazardous materials are released in iluantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations. thc firc codc official shall bc notificd and thc following procedures required in accordance with Sections 2703.3.1.1 through 2703.3.1.4. 2703.3.1.1 Records. Accurate rccords shall be kept of the unauthorized discharge of ha7ardous materials by the pcrmlttcc. 2703.3.1.2 Preparation. Provisions shall bc made for controlling and mitigating unauthori~cddischarges. 2703.3.1.3 Control. Whcn an unauthori~eddischarge causcd by primary container failure is discovered, the involved primary container shall be repaired or removed from service. 2703.3.1.4 Responsibility for cleanup. The person. i i r ~ nor corporation responsible for an unauthorized discharge shall irlstitutc and complcte all actions necessary to rcmcdy the cffects of such unauthorized discharge, whether suddcn or gradual. at no cost to the jurisdiction. When deemed necessary by the fire code official, cleaunup may be initiated by the fire department or by an authorized individual or firn~. Costs associated with such cleanup shall be borne by the owner. operator or other person responsiblc for thc unauthoriacd discharge. 2703.4 Material Safety Data Sheets. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be readily availablc on the premiscs for hazardous matcrials regulated by this chaptcr. When a hazardous substance is developed in a laboratory, available inforn121tion shall be documcntcd. Exception: Designated hazardous wastc. 2703.5 Hazard identification signs. Unless otherwise exempted by the firc code official, visiblc hazard idcntiiication signs as specified in NFPA 704 for the specific matcrial contained shall be placed on stationary containcrs and above-ground tanks and at entrances to locations where hazartlous materials are stored, dispensed. uscd or handled in quantities requiring a permit and at specific entrances and locations designated by thc fire code official. 2703.5.1 Markings. Individual containers, cartons or packages shall bc conspic~~ouslymarked or labeled in an approvcd marilicr. Rooms or cabinets containing compressed gascs shall be conspicuously labelcd: COMPRESSED GAS. 2703.6 Signs. Signs and markings required by Sections 2703.5 and 2703.5.1 shall not bc obscured or removed. shall be in English as a pri~naryla~lgungeor in syn~bolsallowed by this code, shall bc durablc, and the size, color and lettering shall be approvcd. 2703.7 Sources of ignition. Sourccs of ignition shall comply with Sections 2703.7.1 through 2703.7.3.

2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@

PROVISIONS

2703.7.1 Smoking. Smoking shall be prohibitccl and "No Smoking" signs provided as follows: 1. In rooms or areas wherc hazardous materials arc storcd or dispensed 01 u\ed in opcn systems In amounts requiring :I pcrmit in accordancc with Sect ~ o n2701.5. 2. Within 25 feet (7620 mm) of outdoor ctorage. dispcnsing or open use arcas. 3. Facilities or areas within filcilitics that have bcen designated as totally "no smoking" shall have "No Smoking" signs placctl at all entrances to the facility or area. Designated areas within such facilities whcre smoking is per~i~ittcd cither pernlanently or ternporarily, shall be identified with signs designating that smoking is pcrmitted in these arcas only. 4. 111 rooms or areas where tlammablc or co~nbustiblc hazardous materials arc stored, dispcnced or uwd. Signs required by this section shall bc in Enalish as a primary language or in symbols allowed by this code and shall comply w ~ t hSection 3 10.

2703.7.2 Open flames. Open flames and high-temperature devices shall not bc used in a manner which creates a hazardous condition and shall bc listedfor use with the hazardous materials storcd or used. 2703.7.3 Industrial trucks. Powercd industrial trucks used in areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations in accordance with the ICC Eleczricul Codr shall be listed and labeled for use in the environment intendcd in accorda~lce with NFPA 505. 2703.8 Construction rerjuirements. Buildings, control areas, enclosures and cabinets for hazardous matcrials shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 2703.8. I through 2703.8.6.2. 2703.8.1 Buildings. Buildings, or portions thercof, in which hazardous materials are stored, handled or uscd shall Ruiidbe constructed in aecordance with the I~ztcnln~iortul ing Code. 2703.8.2 Required detached buildings. Croup H occupnncies containing quantities of hazardous matcrials in cxccss of those set forth in Table 2703.8.2 shall bc in detached bnildings. 2703.8.3 Control areas. Control arcas shalf comply with Sections 2703.8.3.1 through 2703.8.3.5. 2703.8.3.1 Construction requirements. Control arcas shall bc separated from each other by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Scction 706 of the O~ter-r~c~tiorictl R u i l d i r ~ gCotlc. o r horizontal a s s e ~ ~ ~ b l i c s constructed in accordancc with Section 7 1 I of thc 111ter.1zcltioi7ul Buildi~igChde, or both. 2703.8.3.2 Percentage of maximum allowable quantities. The percentage of maximum allowable cluantities of hazardous materials per control area allowcd at each floor level within a building shall bc in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.


PROVlSlONS

TABLE 2703.8.2 REQUIRED DETACHED STORAGE ~

~

~

.-~

~

-.-

PsTqEG WHEN THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL EXCEEDS r .E _IS. REQUlRED . . .. . - - - ..- . THAT .- LISTEDYE*H3... - .Material .~

.

-

~~

i

~

f_

~

I I

i I

Explosives

1 I

I

1-.

.

Class

.

~

Division I. 1 Division I .2 Division 1.3 Division 1.4 Division 1.4' Division 1.5

.

.

I;

Oxidizer, liquids and solids . ..

'

.-

.

. ...

-- -

. .

...

-

;

Organic peroxides

I ~

~

~~

. . . -~ ~ .. .

~

... .~~ ~ ~ ~ . . . ~

1

Unstable (reactives) nondetonrble ~~

-~ ..--~.

-~~- -~

. .~

.-

/ i /

.

-

~

I

Water reactives

1

-

.

.

-

.

M a x i r n ~ ~ rAllowable rl Quantity Maxirnum Allowable Quantity M a x i ~ n u mAllowable Quantity M a x i m u m Allowable Quantity

1

~

;--I

Gases

1

.

.

//

/

I~ubicfeet!?~

.

.

-

Not Applicable

Ii

Maxirnuln Allowable Quantity

1

@ x ~ n ~ u n i i \ l l o w ~ h jQe ~ t l ~ y M a y m u ~ nAllowable Q u a n t ~ t y i Maximurn Allowable Quantity i M a.. x .~ i m u m Allowable Quantity . - .. . .. . .-

i-. i...~ i

-~

~-

1

/ i

I

~

~

~

~~

~

~

~

I

i

I

Not Applicable

Maxirnum Allowable Quanlity Maxi~nurrlAllowable Quantity 25

.+

-~

~-

1

I

I

Deto~iable Clasa I Class 11 Class I11 .-.. ~

.

1

~ ~ . .- . ~ ~

-

1

Class 3 Class ....~_- 2.

Class 3 Class 2 .-

.

Solids and liquids .(tons)", .

~

1.. ..~Y~xirnurnAllo~~?Ee..Q~~-".ti~~~~~ - 1 -

-

.

1I i

..Pi!is.i~S

1i - _ Class 4 Class 3 o r 4 1 . ~ n > t a b l(e~ r ~ c ~ ~ v e ! ! ~ r t o ~ ~ ~C h~r . -

1 j I

.. --

-~~-

~~

50.

I

N o t Applicable --

~

.

.

--

~ ~ a3 s s Class 2 Not Applicable

Not Applicable

1

Not Applicable

1

2,000

--

907.2 kg. For SI: I pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic h o t = 0.01832m3, 1 ton = 2000 lhs. : a. For nlatcrials which are dclonable, the distance to otl~~rhuildings or lot lines shall he as specified in the I~zterrzrttin~r~~l building Code. Fix materials classified as cxplosives. thc required separation distances shall he as specilird in Chapter 33. b. "Maximum Allo\vable Quantity" mealis the maxin-~u~n alloxvahle ql~antityper control area set forth inTable 2703.1.1(1). c. Limited to Ilivision 1.4 Inaterials and a~.ticlcs,including articles packaged for shipmenl, that are not regulated as an explosive undzr Bilrcau oi'Alcoho1; 'Tobacco and Fireturns regulations, or unpacltagctd articlrs used In process operations that do not propagate a deton:~tion01.deflagration hclwccn articles, providing Ll~enel explosive weight ol individual ;uliclcs does not exceed 1 pound.

TABLE 2703.8.3.2 DESIGN AND NUMBER OF CONTROL AREAS FIRE-RESISTANCE RATING FOR - FIRE BARRIERS IN H O U R S ~

Below grade plane

1

2

/

Lower tlian 2

i

I

1

75 50 Not Allowed

i

i

I

3 2 Not Allowed

!

i

I

I

1 ! N o t Allowed . . L

a. Purcentagcs shall he of the maximum allowable quantity per coriLrol area shown in Tables2703. I . I t 1 ) and 2703.1. I(?), with a11 increases allowed in tlie footnotes to those tables. h. F ~ r ebarricrb shall itlcludc walls and Floors as llccessary to provide szparali~>ilkoln other portions oT the huildi~lg.

2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE"


2703.8.3.3 Nurnbcr. The inaxi~iiumnumbcl. of control arcas per floor within a building shall be in accordance with Table 2703.8.3.2.

$hall also con~plywith ltc~ns 1, 2 ar~d3 of Scction 3704.1.2. The ventilation system ,hall bc installed in Mechan~c.ulCode. accordance with the lizrer.rzntio?~al

2703.8.3.4 Fire-resistance rating requiren~ents.The required fire-resistance rat~ngfor fire barriers shall be in accordancc wlth Table 1,703.8.3.2. The floor construct ~ o not thc control arca and the construction supporting the tloor of the control area shall have aininini~un?-hour tire-resistance rating.

2703.8.5.3 Fire-extinguishing systcm. Exhaustcd enclosures where flam~nablematerials arc uscd shall be protected by a11 npprovcd autom,~tictirc-extinguishi~~g system in accordancc with Chapter 9.

Exceution: The floor constr-uctior~of the control area and the construction supporting the floor of thc contl-ol area is allowed to be I-hour firc-resistance ratcd in buildings of Type 11A. ITM and VA construction; provided that both of the following conditions cxist: 1. Thc building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Scction 903.3.1.1; arid

2. The building is thrce stories or less in hcight. 2703.8.3.5 Hazardous material in Group R/I display and storage areas and in Group S storage areas. The aggregatc quantity of nonflammable solid and nonilanmable or noncombustible liquid hazardous mate~ials allowcd within a single controlil.eaof a ~ r o display u ~ ~ and storagc arca or a Group S storage area is allowed to cxceed the maximum allowable quantities pcr control arca specified in Tahlcs 2703.1 . I ( 1 ) and 2703.1.1(2) without classifying the building or use as a Group H occupancy, provided that the ~naterialsare displayed and stored in accordance with Section 2703.1 1.

2703.8.4 Gas rooms. Where a gas room is providcd to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, thc gas room shall bc i n accordancc with Sections 2703.8.4. I and 2703.8.4.2. 2703.8.4.1 Construction. Gas rooms shall bc protected with an automatic sprinkler system. Gas roorns shall bc separated from the remainder of the building in accordance with the rcquircmcnts of the h~ferrzntiontrlBuildirrg Codphased on thc occupancy group into which it has hccn classiticd. 2703.8.4.2 Ventilation system. The vcntilation system for gas looms shall bc designed to operate at a negative pressurc in rclation to the surrounding area. Highly toxic and toxic gases shall also comply with Section 3704.2.2.6. The ventilation system shall be installcd in accol-dance with thc Irrrerrzuriollnl Mechuizictrl Code. 270.3.8.5 Exhausted enclosures. Wherc an exhausted cnclosure is used to increase ~naximumallowable quantity per control area or when thc location of hazardous materials in exhausted enclosures is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the exhausted e~ielosurcshall be in accordancc with Sections 2703.8.5.1 through 2703.8.5.3. 2703.8.5.1 Construction. Exhausted enclosures shall bc of noncombustible construction. 2703.8.5.2 Ventilation. Thc ventilation system for exhaustccl c~lclosuresshall be dcsigncd to opcrate at a ncgativc pressure in relation to the surrounding arca. Ventilation systclns used for highly toxic and toxic gases 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

2703.8.6 Gas cabinets. Where a gas cabinct is used to increase the mix~imumallowablc quantity pel. control arca or when the location of compressed gases in gas cabinets is provided to comply with the provisions of Chapter 37, the gas cabinet shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.8.6.1 through 2703.8.6.3. 2703.8.6.1 Construction. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in accordance with thc following: 1. Constructed of ilot lcss than 0.097-inch (2.5trim)

(No. 12 gage) stcel. 2. Be provided with self-closing limited access ports or noncombustible windows to give acccss to equipment controls. 3. Be provided with self-closing doors.

4. Gas cabinet interiors shall be trcated, coatcd or constructed of materials that arc compatible with the hazardous materials stored. Such trcatment. coating or constntction shall include thc entire intcrior of thc cabinet.

2703.8.6.2 Ventilation. The vcntilation system for gas zabinets shall be designed to opcrate at a ncgativc prcssure in relation to the surrounding arca. Ventilation systems uscd for highly toxic and toxic gascs shall also conlply with Items 1. 2 and 3 of Section 3704. 1.2. Thc ventilation system shall be installed in accordancc with the hzterrlafionul Mccharliccil Code. 2703.8.6.3 Maximam number of cylinders per gas cabinet. The number of cylinders conlaincd in a singlc gas cabinet shall not cxcecd threc. 2703.8.7 Hazardous materials storage cabinets. Whcre stor:rge cabinets arc used to increase maximuin allowdble quantity per control area or to cornply with t h ~ schapter. such cabincts shall bc in accordnnce with Sections 2703.8.7.1 and 2703.8.7.2. 2703.8.7.1 Construction. The intcrior of cabinets shall be treatcd, coated or constructed of materials that are nonreactive with the hazardous matcrial stored. Such treatment, coating or construction shall include the entirc interior of the cabinet. Cabinets shall eithcr be listed in accordance with UL 1275 as suitable for the intcndcd storagcor constructedin accordance with the following: 1. Cabinets shall be of steel having a thickness of not

less than 0.0478 inch ( I .2 mm) (No. 18 gage). The cabinet. including the door. shall be double walled with a 1.5-inch (38 mmj airspacc betweell thc walls. Joints sllall be rivctcd or welded and shall bc tight fitting. Doors shall bc well fitted, sclf-closing and equipped with a self-latching dcvicc.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS--GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. The bottoms of cabincts utilized for thc storagc of liquids shall be liquid tight to a minimum height of 2 inches (51 mm). Electrical cquipinent and deviccs within cabinets used for the storage of hazardous gases or liquids shall be in accordancc with the ICC Electrical Code.

2703.8.7.2 Warning markings. Cabinets shall be clearly identified in an approvcd marrner with red letters on a contrasting bacliground to read: HALARDOIJS - KEEP FlRE AWRY.

2703.9 General safety precautions. General precautions for the safc storagc, handling or care of hazardous materials shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.9.1 through 2703.9.9. 2703.9.1 Personnel training and written procedures. Persons responsible for the operation of areas in which hazardous matcrials arc storcd, dispensed, handled or used shall be familiar with the chcmical nature of the materials and the appropriate mitigating actions necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill. 2703.9.1.1 Fire department liaison. Responsible pcrsons shall be designated and traincd to be liaison personncl to the illre department. These persons shall aid the fire department in preplanning emergency responses and identifying thc locations where hazardous materials arc located, and shall have access to Material Safety Data Shccts and be knowledgeable in the site's crnergency response procedures. 2703.9.2 Security. Storage, dispensing. use and handling arcas shall be sccured against unauthorized entry and safcguarded in a manner approved by the fire code official. 2703.9.3 Protection from vehicles. Guard posts or other approved means shall be provided to protect storage tanks and connected piping, valves and fittings: dispensing areas; and use areas sub:jcct to vehicular darnage in accordance with Section 3 12. 2703.9.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. Electrical wirins and equipment shall bc installed and maintained In accortlance with the ICC Electric~~l Code. 2703.9.5 Static accumulation. When processes or conditions exist whcre a flammable mixture could be ignited by static clcctricity. means shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of a static charge. 2703.9.6 Protection from light. Materials that are sensitive to light shall be stored in containcrs designed to protect them from such exposure. 2703.9.7 Shock padding. Materials that are shock sensitive shall bc paddcd, suspended or otherwise protected against accidental dislodgement and dislodgement during seismic activity. 2703.9.8 Separation of incompatible materials. Incompatible materials in storage and storage of materials that arc incompatible with matcrials in use shall be separated when thc storcd materials are in containcrs havi~rga capacity of

252

more than 5 pounds (2 kg) or 0.5 gallon (2 L,j. Separation shall be acconlplished by:

1. Segregating i~lcompatiblematerials in storagc by a distance of not less than 20 fcet (6096 mmn). 2. lsolating incompatible materials in storage by a nonco~nbustiblepnrtition cxtcnding not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sidcs of the storcd material. 3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storagc cabinets. 4. Storing comprcused gases in gas cabincts o r exhausted enclosures in accordance with Scctions 2703.8.5 and 2703.8.6. Materials that arc incompatible shall not be stored with~nthe same cabinet or exhausted enclosurc.

2703.9.9 Sllelf storage. Shelving shall bc of substantial construction, and shall be braced and anchored in accordance with the seismic design rerluircrnents of thc 1rlte1-/ILLiinrzal B~lildilzg Code for the seismic zone in which the material is located. Shelving shall be trcated, coatcd or constmctcd of materials that arc cornpatiblc with the hazardous materials stored. Shclvcs shall be provided with a lip or guard when used for the storage of individual containers. Exceptions: 1. Storage in hazardous material storagc cabincts or laboratory furniture speciiically dcsigned for such use.

2. Storagc of hazardous materials in amounts not requiring a permit in accordance with Scction 2701.5. Shelf storage of hazardous matcrials shall be maintained in an orderly manncr.

2703.10 Handling and transportation. In addition to the rcquircruents of Section 2703.2, the hanclling and tl-ansportation of hazardous materials in col~idorsor exit enclosures shall b c in accordance with S c c t i o n s 2703.10.1 through 2703.10.3.6. 2703.10.1 Valve protection. Hazardous material gas containers, cylinders and tanks in transit shall have their protcctive caps in placc. Containers, cylinders and tanks of highly toxic or toxic con~pressedgases shall have their valvc outlets cappcd or plugged with an approvcd closurc dcvicc in accordance with Chapter 30. 2703.10.2 Carts and trucks required. Liquids in contaillers excceding 5 gallons (19 L) in a corridor or exit cnclosurc shall be transported on a cart or truck. Containers of hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 and transpol-tcd within corridors or exit enclosures, shall bc on a cart or truck. Whcre carts and trucks are required for transporting hazardous materials, they shall be in accordance with Section 2703.10.3. Exceptions: 1 . Two hazardous material liquid containcrs, which arc hand carricd in acccptablc safety carriers.



2. Not morc than four drums not excecding 55 gallons (208 L) each. which arc transported by suitable drum trucks.

3. Containers and cylinders of conipressed gases, which arc transported by approvcd hand trucks, and containers and cylinders not exceeding 25 pounds (1 l kg), which are hand call-ied. 4. Solid hazardous rnaterials not exceeding 100 pounds ( 4 5 kg). which arc transported by approved hand trucks, and a single container not excecding 50 pounds (23 kg), which is hand carriecl.

2703.11.2 Maxi~~ium allowable quantity per outdoor control area in Group M or S occupancies. The apgrcgatc aniounr of nontlanimable solid and nonflamnlable or noncombustible liquid hazardous materials storcd and displayed within a single outdoor control ai-ea of a Group M occupancy shall not exceed the amounts sct forth in Table 3703.1 1.1. 2703.11.3 Storage and display. Storage and display shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.1 1.3.1 through 2703.1 1.3.10.

2703.10.3 Carts and trucks. Carts and trucks r c q ~ ~ i r eby d Scct~on2703.10.2 to be used Lo transport hazardous materlals shall be in accordance with Sections 2703.10.:. 1 through 2703.10.3.6.

2703.11.3.1 Density. Storagc and display of solids shall not cxceed 200 pounds per square foot (976 IctricnlCode. 3003.16.12 Relief vents. Vrent pipcs for ecluipmcnt in thc vault shall terminate at least 12 feet (3658 mln) abovc ground level. 3003.16.13 Accessway. Vaults shall be providcd with an approved personnel accessway with a miniinum dimension of 30 iilchcs (762 mm) and with apermanently affixed. nonferrous ladder. Accessways shall be dcsigiled Lo bc nonsparking. Travel distance from any point inside a vault to an accessway shall not excecd 20feet (6096 mm). At each entry point, a warning sign indicating the nced fol. proccdures for safe entry into cotlfined spaces shall be posted. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

COMPRESSED GASES

Entry points shallbc securcd against unauthorized entry and vandalism.

3003.16.14 Classified area. The interior of ;I vault containing a flanimablc gas shall be designated a Class I, Division 1 location, as defined in the ICC Electrical Code. SECTION 3004 STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GASES 3003.1 Upright storagc. Compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks, except those designed for use in a horizontal position. and all con~pressedgas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliqucfied gases, shall be storcd in an upright position with thc valve end up. An upright position shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrees (0.80 rad) from the vertical.

Exceptions: 1. Compressed gas containers with a watcr volume less tllan 1.3 gallons (5 L,) are allowed to be stored in a horizontal position. 2. Cylinders, container? and tanks containing nonflammablc gases or cylinders. cor~tainersand tanks containing nonliquefied flanirriable gases. which have been secured to a pallet for transportation purposes. 3004.2 Material-specific regulations. In addition to the rccli~irementsof this scction, illdoor and outdoor storagc of compressed gascs shall conlply wit11 thc material-spccific provisions of Chapters 3 1.35 and 37 through 34. SECTION 3005 USE AND HANDLING OF COMPRESSED GASES 3005.1 Co~npressedgas systems. Compressed gas systems and shall bc dcsigncd by shall be suitable for the use inte~~ded persons competent in such design. Compressed gas equipment, machinery and PI-vcessesshall be listed or approved.

3005.2 Controls. Co~npressedgas system controls shall be designed to prevent materials from entering or leaving process or rcaction hystenls at other than the intended time. rate or path. .4utonlatic controls shall be designed to bc fail safe. 3005.3 Piping systems. Piping, including tubing. valves, fittings and prcssurc regulators, shall comply with this section and Chaptcr 27. Piping, tubing. pressure regulators. valves and other apparatus shall be kept gas tight to prevent leakage. 3005.4 Valves. Valves utilized on compressed gas systems shall bc suitable fix the use intended and shall be accessible. Valve h:lndlcs or operators for required shutoff valves shall not be renlovcd or otherwise altered to prevent access. 3005.5 Venting. Venting of gases shall bc directed to an approvcdlocat~on.Venting shall c o ~ ~ ~wp ~l yt hthehzter-notional Mccl7arlic.aI Cotlr.. 3005.6 Upright use. Conlprcsscd gas containers, cylinders and tanks, cxccpt those designed for use in a horizontal position. ancl all comprcssed gas containers, cylinders and tanks containing nonliqueficd gases, shall he used in an upright posi2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

tion with the valve end up. An upright posititm shall include conditions where the container, cylinder or tank axis is inclined as much as 45 degrecs (0.80 rad) from [he vertical. Use of nonflammable liquefied gases in the inverted position when the liquid phase is used shall not be prohibited provided that the container, cylinder or tank is properly secured and the dispensing apparatus is designed for liquefied gas use.

Exception: Compressed gas containcrs, cylinders ant1 tanks with a water volume !css than 1.3 gallons (5 L) arc allowed to be used in a horizontal position. 3005.7 Transfec Transfer of gases betwecn containcrs. cylinders and tanks shall be performed by qualified personnel using equipment and operating procedures in accordance with CGA P-1 . Exception: Fueling of vehicles with comprcssed natul.al gas (CNG). 3005.8 Use of compressed gas for inflation. lnflatable eyuipment, devices or balloons shall only be prcssurized or tilled with compressed air or inert gases. 3005.9 Material-specific regulations. In addition to thc requirements of this section, indoor and outdoor use of ~0111pressed gases shall comply with the material-specific provirions of Chapters 31, 35 and 37 through 44. 3005.10 Handling. The handling of colnpresscd gas containers, cylinders and tanks shall comply with Sections 3005.10.1 and 3005.10.2. 3005.10.1 Carts and trucks. Containersl cylindcrs and tanks shall be moved using an approved method. Where containcrs, cylindcrs or tanks are inovcd by hand cart, hand truck or other mobile device, such carts, trucks or dcvices shall be designed for the secure movcrucnt of containcrs. cylindcrs or tanks. Carts and trucks utilizcd for transport of compressed gas containers, cylinders and tanks within buildings shall co~nplywith Section 2703.10. Carts and trucks utilized for transport of cornprcssed gas containers, cylinders and tanks exterior to buildings shall be dcsigned so that the containers. cylinders and tanks will be secured against dropping or otherwise striking against each othcr or other surfaces. 3005.10.2 Lifting devices. Ropes, chains or slings shall not be used to suspend compressetl gas containcrs, cyli~idcrs and tanks unless provisions at timc of rl~anufacturchave been made on the container, cylinder or tank for appropriate lifting attachments, such as lugs. SECTION 3006 MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS 3006.1 General. Compressed gases at hosl~italsand similar facilities intended for inhalation or scdation including, but not limited to, analgesia systcms for dentistry, podiatry, vcicrinary and similar uses shall corllply with this scction in addition to other rccluircmcnts of this chapter.

3006.2 Interior snpply Location. Medical gascs shall bc storcd in areas dedicated to the storagc of such gases without othcr storage or uses. Where containers of medical gascs in quanti-

COMPRESSED GASES

tics greater than the permit amount are located inside buildings, thcy shall be in a I -hour exterior room, a I-hour interior room or a gas cahinct in accordance with Scction 3006.2. l . 3006.2.2 or 3006.2.3.

of Section 2704.3 or 2705.1.9. When mechanical vcntilation is providcd, the systems shall be operational during such tiruc as the building or space is occupied.

3006.2.1 One-hour exterior rooms. A I-hour exterior room shall bc a room or enclosure separated frorn the remainder of the building by lire barricrs ~vitha fite-rcsistancc rating of not less than 1 hour. Openings between the room or enclosure and interior spaces \hall be self-closing smoke- and dmft-control assemblies having a fire protection rating of not less than I hour. Rooms shall have at least one exterior wall that is provided with at least two vents. Each vent shall not be lcss than 36 square inches (0.023 m2) in area. One vent shall bc within 6 inches (152 mm) of the flooi- and one shall be within 6 inches (152 mm) of the cciling. Rooms shall be provided with at least one automatic sprinkler to provide container cooling in case of fire. 3006.2.2 One-hour interior room. When an exterior wall cannot be provided for thc roonl, automatic sprinklers shall be installed within thc room. The room shall be exhausted through a duct to thc exterior. Supply and exhaust ducts shall be enclosed in a 1-hour-rated shaft enclosure from the room to the cxterior. Approved mechanical vcntilation shall co~nplywith the I17t~rricttional Mechmiic,al Code and be providcd at a minimum rate of 1 cubic foot per minute per square foot L0.00508 m3/!s . m2)Jof the area of the room. 3006.2.3 Gas cabinets. Gas cabinets shall be constructed in i~ccordaiicewith Section 2703.8.6 and the following: 1. The averagc kelocity of ventilation at the face of

acccss ports or windows shall not be lcss than 200 fcet per minute (61 rids) with a tninimilm of 150 fcet per rninutc (46 mds) at any point of the acccss port or window. 2. Connected to an exllaust system 3. lntcrnally sprinklcrcd.

3006.3 Extcl-iorsupply locations. Oxidi~erlnedical gas systems located on the extcrlor of a building with cl~~antities greater than the pcrmil amount shi~llbc located in accordance with Sect~on4004.2.1. 3006.4 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems including, but not limited to, distribution piping, supply manifolds. conncctio~is,pvcssure regulators and relief devices and valves. shall cornply with NFPA 99 and the gzncral provisions of this chaptcr. SECTION 3007 COMPRESSED GASES NOT OTHERWISE REGULATED 3007.1 General. Compressed gases in storagc or use not rcgulated by thc matcrial-specific provisions of Chapters 6, 3 1, 35 and 37 through 44, including asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gascs, shall coinply with this section in addition to other requircrl~cntsof this chapter.

3007.2 Ventilation. Indoor storagc and use arcas and storage bulldings shall be provided with mechanical cxhaust ventilation or natural ventilation in accordance with the requirements 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE

CODE^

CHAPTER 31

CORROSIVE MATERIALS SECTlON 3101 GENERAL

3101.1 Scope, The storagc and use of corrosive matcrials shall bc in accordancc with this chapter. Co~npresscdgases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storagc in Group S uccupancies complying with Section 2703.1 1. 2. Stationary storage battery systems in accordance with Section 608. 3. This chapter shall not apply to R-717 (ammonia) wherc used as a refrigerant i n n refrigeration system (sec Scction 606).

3101.2 I'er~nits.Permits shall bc required as set forth in Section 105.6. SECTION 3102 DEFINITIONS

3102.1 Definition. The following word ant1 tern1 shall, for the purposcs of this chaptcr and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meaning shown herein.

CORROSIVE. 4 chemical that causcs visible destn~ctionof, or irrevcrsible alterations in, living tissuc by chemical action at the point of contact. A chemical shall be considered co~rosive if. when testcdon theintact skin of albinorabbits by themethod described in DOTn 49 CFR 173.137, such cherr~icaldestroys or changes irrcvcrsibly the structure of the tissue at the point of contact followi~lgan exposurc pcriod of 3 hours. This tcrm docs not refer to action on inani~natcsurfaces. SECTION 3103 GENERAL REQUlREMENTS

3103.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. Thc storagc and use of corrosive matcrials i n amounts not exceeding the 11laxirnu111allowable cpantity pcr control area indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Sections 2701. 2703 and 3 101. 3103.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of corrosive rnaterials in ainounts cxcceding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca indicated in Scction 2703.1 shall be in accordance with this chaptc~-and Chapter 27. SECTION 3104 STORAGE 3104.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of conosivc materials in amounts cxceedirlg thc maximum allowablc quantity per 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

control area indicated in Table 2703.1. I (2j, shall be i n accordance with Sections 1701, 2703,2704 and this chaptcr.

3104.1.1 Liquid-tight floor. In addition to the provisions oi Section 2704.12, floors in qtcirage arcas for corrosivc liquids shall be of liquid-tight construction. 3104.2 Outdoor storagc. Outdoor storage of corrosivc materials in amounts exceeding the maxinlum allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be in accordance with Sections 2701, 2703,2704 and this chapter. 3104.2.1 Above-ground outside storage tanks. Above-ground outside storagc tanks exceecling an apgrcgate quantity of 1,000 gallons (3755 L) of corrosi\~cliquid\ shall be p~ovidedwith secondary containment in accordance with Sect~on2704.2.2. 3104.2.2 Distance from storage to exposures. Outcioor storage of corrosive matcrials shall not bc within 20 fcet (6096 mm) of buildi~lgsnot associatcd with the manufacturing or distribution of such materials, lot lines, public streets, public allcys, public ways or means of egrcss. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or pcnetrations, and cxtending not less than 30 inches (761 n ~ m above ) and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distancc. The wall shall either hc an independent structure, or thc extcrior wall of the building adjacent to the storagc arca.

SECTlON 3105 USE

3105.1 Indoor use. The indoor use of corrosive matcri;rls in amounts exceeding the maximum allowablc quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Scctions 2701.2703.2705 and this chapter. 3105.1.1 Liquid transfer. Corrosive licluids shall he transferred in accordance with Section 2705. I . 10. 3105.1.2 Ventilation. When corrosive ~natcrialsarc dirpensed or used, mechanical exhaust ventilation in accordance with Section 2705.2.1.1 shall be provided. 311 05.2 Outdoor use. Thc outdoor use of corrosive rnatcrials in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control area indicated in Table 2703.1.1(4) shall be iu accordance with Sections 2701. 2703, 2705 and this chaptcr.

3105.2.1 Distance from use to exposures. Outdoor use of corrosivc matcrials shall bc Located in accord;unce with Section 3 104.2.2.


CHAPTER 32

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS SECTION 3201 GENERAL 3201.1 Scope. Storage. use and handling of cryogeiiic fluids shall con~plywith this chapter. Cryogenic fluids classified as hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27 for gencral rcquiremcnts. Partially full containers containing residual cryogenic fluids shall be considered as full for the purposes of the c ~ n t r o l srequired. Exceptions: I. Fluids used as refrigerants in refrigeration systems (see Section 606). 7,. Liquefied natural gas (LNG), which shall comply

with KFPA 59-4. Oxidizing cryogenic tluids, including oxygen, shall comply with NFPA 55. Flammable cryogenic fluids, including hydrogen, rnethanc and carbon monoxide, shall comply with NFPA 55. Inert cr-yogenic fluids, including argon, helium and nitrogen, shall comply with CGA P-18.

3201.2 Permits. Pcr~nitsshall be req~~ircd as set forth in Section 105.6.

SECTION 3202 DEFINITIONS 3202.1 Definitions. Thc following words arid terms shall, for thc pu~yoscsof this chaptcr and as used clsewhere in this code, have the mcanings shown herein. CRYOGENIC CONTAINER. A cryogenic vessel of any size used for the transportation. handling or storage of cnogcnlc tluids. CRYOGENIC FLUID. A tluid having n boiling point lower t11~1n-130°F (-89.9"C) i ~ t14.7 pounds per square inch atrnosphcre (psia) (an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa). CRYOGENIC VESSEL. A prcssure vessel, low-pressure tank or atmosphcr-ictank designed to contain n cryogenic fluid on which venting, insulation. reirigeration or a combination of these is used in order to maintain the opcrating pressurc withiri the design pressure and the contents in a liquid phase.

SECTION 3203 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3203.1 Containers. Containers employed for storage or use of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Scctions 3203.1. I through 3203.1.3.2 and Chapter 27.

3203.1.1 Nonstandard containers. Containers. equipnicnt and devices which arc not in compliance with recognized standards for design and cotlstruction shall be approvcd upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that they are designed and constructed for safe operation. 3203.1.1.1 Data submitted for approval. The following data shall be subrnittetl to the fire code ofticial with reference to the deviation from the recognized standard with the application for approval. I . Type and use of container, equipment or dcvicc. 2. Material to be stored. used or transported. 3. Description showing dimensions and materials used in construction.

4. Design preqsure, maximum operating prcssurc and test prcssurc. 5 . Type, sizc and sctting of prcssurc: relief dcvices.

6. Other data requested by Lhe fire code official.

3203.1.2 Concrete containers. Concrete containers shall be built in accordance wi th the hzrer-r~a.rior~cc/ l?lri/iiirl~Code. Barrier materials and membranes used in connection with concrete, but not functioning structurally, shall be conipatible with the materials contained. 3203.1.3 Foundations and supports. Containers shall bc provided with substantial concrete or masonry foundations, or structural steel supports on firm concretc or masonry foundations. Containers shall be supported to prevent the concentration of excessive loads on the supporting portion of the shell. Foundations for horizontal containers shall be constructed to accommodate expansion and contractior~of the container. Foundations shall be provided to support the weight of vaporizers or heat exchangers. 3203.1.3.1 Temperatun-eeffects. Whcn container foundations or supports arc sub-ject to cxposurc to tc~iiperaturcs below - 150°F (-1 01 "C), Lhc foundations or supports shall be constnictcd of materials to withstand the low-temperature effects of c~yogenicfluid spillage.

FI,ANINIAHLE CKYO(;ENIC FI,UID. A cryogenic fluid that is Ila~iimablein its vapor state.

3203.1.3.2 Corrosion protection. Porlions of containers in contact with foundations or saddlcs shall be painted to protect against corrosion.

[,OW-PRESSURE TANK. A storage tnnk designed to witlistand an internal prcssurc grcatcr than 0.5 pounds per square inch gaugc (psig) (3.4 kPa) but not grcatcr than 15 psig (1 03.4 I<Pa).

3203.2 Pressure relief devices. Prcssurc relief devices shall be provided in accordance with Sections 3203.2.1 through 3203.2.7 to protect containers and systems containing cryogenic fluids from rupture in thccvcnt of overpressu~.~. Prcssurc


CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

1e11cfdevices shall be designed ~naccord:ince with CGA S- I. I . CGA S-1.2 and CGA S-1.3.

3203.2.1 Containers. Containers shall be provided with pressurc relicf deviccs. 3203.2.2 Vessels or equipment other than containers. Heat exchangers, vaporizers. insulation casings surrounding containers. vessels and coaxial piping systems in which liquefied cryogenic fluids could be trapped because of leakage from the primary container shall be provided with a prcssurc relief devicc. 3203.2.3 Sizing. Pressure rclief deviccs shall be sized in accordance with the specifications to which the container was fabricated. The relief device shall have sufficient capacity to prevcnt the maximum design pressure of the container or system from being exceeded. 3203.2.4 Accessibility. Pressure relief devices shall be locatcd such that they are providcd with ready access for inspection and repair. 3203.2.5 Arrangement. Pressure relief devices shall be arranged to discharge unobstructed to the open air in such a manner as to prevent impingement of escaping gas on personnel, containers. cquiprnent and adjacent structures or to enter cncloscd spaces. Exception: DOTn-specified containers with an internal volumc of 2 cubic feet 10.057 m3) or Icss. 3203.2.6 Shutoffs between presslire relief devices and containers. Shutoff valvcs shall not bc installed between prcssure rclier deviccs and containers. Excewtion: A shutoff valve is allowed on containers cquippcct with multiple pressure-relief device installations where the arrangement of the valves provides the full requircd flow through the minimum number of recluired relief devices at all times. 3203.2.7 Temperature limits. Pressure relief devices shall not bc subjected to cryogenic fluid terrlperatures except when operating. 3203.3 Pressure rclief vcnt piping. Pressure rclief vent-piping systclns shall be constracted and arranged so as to remain functional and direct the flow of gas to a safc location in accordancc with Sections 3303.3.1 and 3203.3.2. 3203.3.1 Sizing. Pressure relief device vcnt piping shall have a cross-sectional area not less than that of the pressure relief devicc vent opening and shall be arranged so as not to restrict the flow of escaping gas. 3203.3.2 Arrangement. Pressure rclief devicc vent piping and drains in vcnt lines shall be arranged so that escaping gas will discharge unobstructed to the open air and not impinge on personnel. containers. equipmcnt and adjacent structures or enter cncloscd spaces. Pressure relief device vcnt iincs shall be installed in such a manner to exclude or rclnove moisture and condensation and prevcnt malfunction of the pressure relief dcvice because of freezing or ice accumulation. 280

3203.4 Marking. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be marked in accordancc with Sections 3203.4.1 through 3203.4.6. 3203.4.1 Identification signs. V~siblehazard identification signs in accordance with NFPA 704 shall bc provided at entrances to buildings or areas in which cryogenic fluids are stored, handled or used. 3203.4.2 Identification of contents. Stationary and portablc containers shall be marked with the name of the gas contained. Stationary abovc-ground containcrs shall be placarded in accordance with Scctions 2703.5 and 2703.6. Portable containers shall be identified in accordancc w ~ t h CGA C-7. 3203.4.3 Identification of containers. Stationary containcrs shall be identified with the manufacturing specification and maximum allowable working prcssure with a permanent na~neplate.The nnmeplate shall be installed on the container in an accessible location. The nameplate shall be marked in accordance with the ASME Boiler and PYL'SSIAYP Vessel Cocl~or DOTn 19 CFR Part 1. 3203.4.4 ldentification of container connections. Container inlet and outlet connections, liquid-lcvcl limit controls, valves and pressure gauges shall be identified in accordance with one of the following: marked with a p c m a nent tag or label identifying their fiinction, or idcntificd by a schematic drawing which portrays their function and dcsignates whethcr they arc conncctcd to the vapor or 11quid space of the container. Where a s c h e n ~ a t ~drawing c is providcd, it shall be attached to the containcr and maintained in a legible condition. 3203.4.5 Identification of piping systems. Piping systclns shall be ider~tificdin accordance with ASME A1 3.1. 3203.4.6 Idcntificatioll of emergency shutoff valves. E ~ ~ ~ e r g e nshutoff cy valves shall bc identified and the location shall be clearly visible and indicated by means of a sign. 3203.5 Security. Cryogenic containers and systems shall be secured against accidental dislodgement and against access by unauthorized personnel in accordancc with Scctions 3203.5.1 through 3103.5.4. 3203.5.1 Security of areas. Containers and systc~nsshall be secured against unauthorized entry and safcguarcied in an approved manner. 3203.5.2 Securing of containers. Stationary containcrs shall he secured to foundations in accordancc with the hzterrznrionnl Building cod^. Portable containers subject to shifting 01-upset shall bc secured. Nesting shall bc an acceptable means of securing cont.1'IIlcrs. L

3203.5.3 Securing of vaporizers. Vaporizers, heat exchangcrs and similar cqi~iprncntshall be anchored to a suitable foundation and its connecting piping shall be sufficiently flexible to provide for the effects of expansion and contraction due to tempcrature changes. 3203.5.4 Physical protection. Containers, piping, valves, pressure relief dcviccs, regulating equipmcnt and other appurtenances shall bc protected against physical darnage and tampering. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

3203.6 Separation from hazardous conditio~ls.Cryogenic containers and systcnis in storage or use shall be separated from materials and conditions which pose exposure hazards to or from each other in accordance with Sections 3203.6.1 through 3203.6.2.1. 3203.6.1 Stationary containers. Stationmy containers shall be separated from cxposure hazards in accordancc with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid contained and the minimum scpasation distances indicated in Table 3203.6.1. TABLE 3203.6.1 SEPARATION OF STATIONARY CONTAINERS FROM EXPOSUREHAZARDS -.. ~..~ . -~

.

j i.

EXPOSURE

..

-

,

~

~

/

( Buildings, regardless of constroction type

j

MINIMUM DISTANCE

.

!

!53t)

4

I

I I

.i Air inlakes .---..~. '

!

,.

-

1 .I

~

I

10

1

~

1

5

-1..

~ spublic .assembly . . II P l i ~ c of --

-

-

-

1 Conrbusliblcmnterivls such as paper, dry pass or dcb~is !leaves, weeds, . . .

.

-

.. .-

.

-

-

..-~

FOI SI:

..

-

I

1 loot = 304.8 m m

3203.6.1.1 Point-of-fill connections. Remote transfer points and fill connection points shall not be posit~oned closer to exposures than the minimum distances rcquired for stationary conlainers. 3203.6.1.2 Surfaces beneath containers. The surface of the area on which stationary containers are placed, including the surfacc of the area located below the point where connections are made for thc purpose of filling such containers. shall be compatible with the fluid in the container. 3203.6.2 Portable containers. Portable containers shall be separated froin exposure hazards in accordance with Table 3203.6.2.

r

TABLE 3203.6.2 SEPARATION OF PORTABLE CONTAINERS FROM EXPOSUREHAZARDS --

EXPOSURE -

-

-I

~-

~

--

~

oprnings~ -. .~

inekes

j-

I

Wall ~. -. *il

+-

. ..

---

.

-

!

-.

-

.I

I

. .~

Cornbustihlc rnntn-ials such as papo-,

For SI:

MINIMUM DISTANCE (feet) - -- -

1

Building exits -.-

I fool = 304.8 nrm


1

1 10 ~

In accordance with Chanter 7-7

3203.9 Unauthorized use. Containers shall not be used for any purpose other than to serve as a vc'isel for containing the product which it is designed to contain. 3203.10 Leaks, damage and corrosion. Leaking. damaged or corroded containers shall be removcd from service. Leaking. damaged or corroded systems shall he replaced, repaired or removcd in accordance with Section 3203.8. 3203.11 Lighting. When required. lighting, including cnlergency lighting, shall bc providcd f u ~tlrc appliances and operating facilities such as walltways, control valves and gatcs ancillary to stationary containers.

SECTlON 3204 STORAGE 3204.1 General. S~orageof containers shall comply with this section. 3204.2 Indoor storage. Indoor storagc of containers shall be in accordance with Sections 3204-.2.1 through 3204.2.2.3. 3204.2.1 Stationary containers. Stationary containers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions appllcable to the typc of fluid stored and this section.

.- ..

15

I

3203.8 Service and repair. Service, repair, modification or re~novalof valves, pressure relief dcviccs or othcr container appurtenances, shall comply with Sections 3203.8.1 and 3203.8.2 and the ASME Boiler arzd Pres~ureVes.rel Code. Scction VIU or DOTn 49 CFR Part 1.

3203.8.2 Systems. Sclvicc and repair of systems shall be performed by trained personnel.

~

I

3203.7.2 Electrical grounding and bonding. Containers and systems shall not be used for electrical gr-ounding. When electrical grounding and bonding is required. the syst a n shall comply with the ICC Elecij-iml Code. The grounding systcm shall he protected against corrosion, including corrosio~icaused by stray electric currents.

In accordance wit11 I1 Chapter 27 . i . -! I

-

3203.7.1 Location. Containers and aysterns shall not be located where they could become part of an clcctrical circuit.

3203.8.1 Containers. Containers that have been removed fsorn service shall be halldled in an a p p r o ~ c dmanner.

I

..

3203.7 Electrical wiring and ec]uiprnent. Electrical wiring and equipment shall comply with the ICC Electrical cod^ and Sections 3201.7.1 and 3203.7.2.

1

15

l-~

.

I

-

11

50

1I

I Othcr ha~nrtlo~~s materials

.j-

i

3203.6.2.1 Surfaces bc~lcathcontaincrs. Containcrs shall be placcd on surfaces that arc compat~blcwith the fluid in the container.

3204.2.1.1 Containers. Stationary containers shall cormply with Seclion 3203.1. I

3204.2.1.2 Constnirtion of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in stationary containers stored indoors shall be located in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accordance with the b~tertintlorzcrlBuildirzg C o d .

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

3204.2.1.3 Ventilation. Storage areas for stationary containers shall hc vcntilatcd in accordance with the bztrr.nutioncll Merlicrnicul Code. 3204.2.2 Portable containers. Indoor storage of portable containers shall comply with the provisions applicable to the type of fluid stored and Sections 3204.2.2.1 through 37,042.2.3. 3204.2.2.1 Containers. Portablc containers shall cornply with Scction 3203.1. 3204.2.2.2 Construction of indoor areas. Cryogenic fluids in portable containers stored indoors shall be stored in buildings, rooms or areas constructed in accortlance with the Intenzutional Bz~ildirzgCode. 3204.2.2.3 Ventilation. Storage areas shall bc ventilated MrcIznt~icalCode. in accordance with thc Ir~tc.r~~utiorzczl 3204.3 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of containers shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 3104.3.1 through 3204.3.2.2. 3204.3.1 Stationary containers. Thc outdoor storage of stationary containers shall comply with Section 3203 and this scction. 3204.3.1.1 Location. Stationary containers shall be locatcd in accordance with Section 3203.6. Containers of cryogciiic fluids shall not be located within diked areas containing other hazardous materials. Storage of flammable cryogenic fluids in stationary containers outside of buildings is prohibited within the limits established by law as the limits of districts in which such storagc is prohibited (sce Section 3 of the Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the hztenzafioncll Fire Code on page v).

3204.3.1.2 Areas subject to flooding. Stationary containers located in areas subject to flooding shall be securely anchored or clcvated to prevent the containers from separating froin foundations or supports. 3204.3.1.3 Drainage. The arca surrounding stationary containers shall bc provided with a means to prevent accidcntal discharge of fluids from endangering personnel. containers, equipment and adjacent structures or to enter cnclosed spaces. The stationary container shall not bc placcd whcre spillcd or discharged fluids will bc rctained around thc container. Exception: Thcsc provisions shall not apply when it is detcrmined by the fire code official that the containcr does not constit~~te a hazard, aftcr consideratioli of special features such as cnishcd rock utilized as a heat sink, topographical conditions, naturc of occupancy, proximity to structures on the same or adjacent propcrty, and thc capacity and construction of containers and character of fluids to bc stored. 3204.3.2 Portable containers. Outdoor storage of portable containers shall conlply with Scction 3203 and this scction. 3204.3.2.1 Location. Portable containers shall be locatcd in accordancc with Scction 3203.6.

3204.3.2.2 Drainage. The arca surrounding portable containers shall bc provided \\~itha Incalls to prcvcnt accidental discharge of fluids from cndangcring adjacent containers, buildings. equipmcnt or acijoininp property. Exception: These provision5 shall not apply whcn it is determined by the fire code official that the container does not constitute a hazard. 3204.4 Underground tanks. Underground tanks for the storage of liquid hydrogen shall bc in accordancc with Scctions 3204.4.1 through 3204.5.3. 3204.4.1 Construction. Storage tanks for liqu~dhydrogcn shall be designcd and constructed in accordancc with ASME Boiler cmd P,z.ss~ire Ver\cl Code (Scction VIII. Division I) and shall be vacuum jacketed in accordance with Section 3204.5. 3204.4.2 Location. Storage tanks shall bc locatcd outsidc in accordance with the following: 1. Tanks and associated equipmcnt shall be located with respect to foundations and supports of othcr 5tructures such that the loads carried by thc latter cannot bc transnlittcd to thc tank.

2. The distance from any part of the lank to the ncarest wall of a basement, pit, cellar or lot lirlc shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm). 3. A ininimum distancc of I foot ( 1 525 mm). shell to shell. shall bc maintained bctwecn underground tanks.

3204.4.3 Depth, cover and fill. Thc tank shall be buricd such that the top of the vacuum jackct is covcred with a minimum of 1 foot (305 mmj of earth and with concrctc a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick placed over the earthcn cover. Thc concrete shall extend a minimum of 1 foot (305 mm) horizontally beyond the footprint of the tank in all directions. Underground tanks shall be set on firm foundations constnicted in accordancc with the bzten7utioizc~l Bui/(litzg Codr and surrounded with at least 6 inches (152 mm) of noncorrosive inert material, such as sand. Exception: The vertical cxtcnsion of the vacuum jacket as required for service conncctions. 3204.4.4 Anchorage ant1 security. Tanks and systcms shall bc secured against accidental dislodgcrncnt in accclrdance with this chapter. 3204.4.5 Venting of underground tanks. Vent pipcs for underground storage tanks shall bc in occorda~lccwith Scctions 2209.5.4 and 3203.3. 3204.4.6 Underground liquid hydrogen piping. Underground liquid hydrogcn piping shall bc vacuum jacketed or protected by approved mcans and designed in accordance with this chapter. 3204.4.7 Overfill protection and prevention systems. An approvcd mcans or method shall be provided to prcvent the overfill of all storage tanks. 3204.5 Vacuum jacket construction. The vacuum jaclcct shall bc designed andconstructed in accordance with Section VIIl of ASME Boiler and Prr.s.rure Vessel Code and shall be designcd 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

to withstand the anticipated loading, includi~lgloading from vch~culartraftic. wherc applicable. Portions of the vacuum jacket irlstalled below grade shall bc designed to withstand anticipated soil, seisrnic and hydrostatic loading.

3204.5.1 Material. The vacuuni jacket shall be constructed of stainless steel or other approved corrosion-resistant material. 3204.5.2 Corrosion protectii~n.The \facuunl jacket shall be protcctcd by approvcd or listedcorrosion-resistant matcrials or an engineered cathodic protection system. Whcre cathodic protection is utilized, an approvcd maintenance schcdule shall be established. Exposcd componcnts shall be inspected at least twice a ycar. Maintenance and inspection cvents shall be rccordcd and those I-ecords shall be maintained on thc premiscs for a n1inimun1 of three years and made a~ailablcto the fire code official upon request. 3204.5.3 Vacuunl level monitoring. An approved mcthod shall be provided to indicate loss of vacuuin wit11i11the vacuuln jacket(s).

SECTION 3205 USE AND HANDLING 3205.1 General. Use and handling of cryogenic fluid containers and systems shall comply with Sections 3205.1.1 through 3205.5.2. 3205.1.1 Cryogenic fluid systems. Cryogenic fluid systcms shall be suitable for thc usc intended and designed by persons competent in such design. Equipment. machinery nnd proccsscs shall be listed 01-approvcd. 3205.1.2 Piping systems. Piping, tubing, valvcs and joints and fittings conveying cryogenic fluids shall be installed in accordance with the material-specific provision5 of Sections 3201.1 and 3105.1.2.1 through 3205.1.2.6. 3205.1.2.1 Design and construction. Piping systems shall bc suitable for the use intended through the fill1 range of pressurc and temperature to which they will be subjected. Piping systems shall be designed and constructed to provide adcquate allowance for expansion, contraction, vibration, settlement and fire exposure. 3205.1.2.2 Joints. Jolnts on container piping and tubing shall bc threaded, welded, silver brazed or flanged. 3205.1.2.3 Valves and accessory equipment. Val\les and accessory equipment shall be suitable for thc intcnded use at the tenlperaturcs of thc npplicat~onand shall be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum pressurc at the minimum tcnlperat~lrcto which they will be subjected. 3205.1.2.3.1 Shutoff valves on containers. Shutoff valvcs shall be provided on all container connections except for pressure relief devices. Shutoff valves shall be provided with access thereto and located as close as practical to the container. 3205.1.2.3.2 Shutoff valves on piping. Shutoff valves shall be installed in piping containing cryogc~iicfluids wherc needed to limit Ihe volume of liq2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

uid discharged in the event of pipi~rgor equipment failure. Pressure relicf valvcs shall bc installed where liquid is capable of being trapped bctwccn shutoff-valves in the piping system (sce Scction 3203.2).

3205.1.2.4 Physical protection and support. P i p ~ n g1 systems shall he supported and protected from physical damage. Piping passing through walls shall bc protected from mechanical damagc. 3205.1.2.5 Corrosion protection. Above-ground piping that is subject to corrosion because of exposure to corrosive atrnoapheres. shall be constn~ctedof materials to resist the corrosive environment or otherwise protected against corrosion. Below-ground piping shall bc protected against corrosion. 3205.1.2.6 'resting. Piping systems shall be tested and provcn free of leaks after installation as required by thc standards to which they wcre designed and constn~cted. Test pressures shall not be less than 150 percent of the maximum allowable working prcssure when hydraulic testing is conducted or 1 10 percent when testing is conductcd pneumatically. 3205.2 Indoor use. Indoor use of cryogcnlc tluids shall comply with the material-spccific provisions of Section 3201.1. 3205.3 Outdoor use. Outdoor use of cryoge~licfluids shall comply with thc material specific provisions of' Sections 3201 . l , 3205.3.1 and 3205.3.2. 3205.3.1 Separation. Distances from property lincs, buildings and exposure hazards shall comply with Scctio~i 3203.6 and the material spccific provisions of Scction 3201 . I . 3205.3.2 Emergency shutoff valves. .VIanual or automatic el~iergencyshutoff valves shall be provided to shut off the cryogenic fluid supply in case of emcrgcncy. An clnergcncy shutoff valve shall be located at the sourcc of supply and at the point where the system enters the builtling. 3205.4 Filling and dispensing.Filling and dispensing of cryogenic fluids shall comply with Sections 3205.4.i through 3205.4.3. 3205.4.1 Dispensing areas. Dispellsi~lgof cryogenic fluids with physical or health hauards shall he conducted I n appro1 cd locations. Dispensing indoors shall be conducted t e daccordance with thc Irlto-/zcrtior~iil in areas c o n s t ~ ~ ~ cin Building Code. 3205.4.1.1 Ventilation. Indoor areas wherc cryogc~iic tluids are dispensed shall bc ventilated in accorda~lcc with the requirements of thc I1zter7zntior1ulM ~ ~ c h ~ i ~ i i c ~ ~ l Code in R rnanncr that captures any vapor at the point o f generation. Exception: Cryogenic fluids that can be demonstrated not to crcate harmful vapors. 3205.4.1.2 Piping systems. Piping systems utilized fc>r filling or dispensing of cryogenic fluids sh;lll be designed and constrcrcted in accordance with Section 3205.1.2.

CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

3205.4.2 Vchiclc loading and unloading areas. Loading or unloading arcas sh:~Il be conductcd In an approved manner in accordance with thc standards referenced in Section 3201.1. 3205.4.3 Limit controls. Liniit controls shall be provided to prevcnt overfilling of stationary containcrs during filling opcr~rions. 3205.5 Itandling. Handling of cryogenic containcrs shall comply wrth Scctions 3205.5.1 and 3205.5.2. 3205.5.1 Carts and trucks. Cryogenic containers shall be moved using an approved method. Whcre cryogenic containcrs are ~novedby hand cart, hand truck or other mobilc device, such carts, trucks or devices shall be designed for the sccurc movcnlent of thc container. Carts and trucks used to transport cryogenic containers shall bc dcsigned to provide a stable base for the commodities to bc transported and shall have a means of restraining containcrs to prevcnt accidental dislodgement. 3205.5.2 Closed containers. Pressurized containers shall he transported in a closed condition. Containers designed for use at atmosphcric conditions shall bc transported with appropriate loose fitting covers in place to prevcnt spillage.


CHAPTER 33

EXPLOSIVES AND FlREWORKS SECTION 3301 GENERAL

3301.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the possession, manufacture. storage, handling, sale and use of cxplosives, explosive rnaterials. fireworks and small arms ammunition. Exceptions: 1. The Arrned Forces of'thc United States, Coast Guard or National Guard. 2. Explo\ivcs in fonns prescribed by the official United Statcs P h a ~niacopoei'~.

3. Thc posscssion, storagc and use of small arms ammun~tion when packaged In accordance with IlOTn packaging requirements. 4. The posscssion, storage, and usc of not more than 1 pound (0.454 kg) of com~nerciallymanufactured spc~rtingblackpowdcr,20 pounds (9 kg) of smokeless powder anti 10,000 small arms primers for hand loading of small arms amrnunition for pcrsonal consurr~ption.

5. The use of explosive materials by fedcral, state and local regulatory, law enforcemet~tand fire agencies acting in their official capacities.

6. Special industrial cxplosive devices which in thc aggrcgatc contain lcss than 50 pounds (23 kg) of cxplosivc materials. 7. Thc p o ~ e s s i o n .storage and use of blank ~ndustrial-powcr load cartridges when packaged in accordance with I>OTn packaging regulations.

8. Transportation in accordance with DOTn 49 CFR Parts 100- 178.

9. Itenls preempted by federal regulations. 3301.1.1 Explosive material standard. In addltion to the requirements of this chapter. NFPA 495 shall govern thc ~nanufacture,transportation. storage, sale, handling and use of' cxplosivc matc~'ialj. 3301.1.2 Explosive material terminals. In addition to the requirements of this chapter, the operation of explosive material terminals shall conform to the provisions of NFPA 498. 3301.1.3 Fireworks. l'he possession, manufacture. storage, sale, handling and use of fireworks are prohibited. Exceptions: 1 . Storagc and Ilandling of fircworks as allowed in Section 3304.


2. Manufacture, assenlbly and testing of rireworlcs as allowed in Section 3305. 3. Theuse of fireworlcs for display as allowcd in Section 3308. 4. The posscssion, storage, salc, handling :~nduse of specific types of Division 1.4G fireworks where allowcd by applicable laws, ordirianccs and regu- 1 lations, provided such fireworks comply with, CPSC 16 CFR, Parts 1500 and 1507, and DOTn 49 CFR, P'uts 100-17 5 , for consumer fircworks.

3301.1.4 ltocketry. The storage, handling and usc of 111odcl and high-power rockets shall comply with thc rcyuircn~cntz of NFPA 1 122. NFPA 1 125. and NFPA 1 127. 3301.1.5 Alnmoniu~nnitrate. The rtoragc and handling of ammonium nitrate shall comply with the rcquiremcnt5 of NFPA 490 and Chapter 40. Exception: Storage of ammonium ~litratcin magazines with blasting agents shall comply with thc requirements of NFPA 495. 3301.2 Pcrinit required. Pcnnits shall bc required as sct lorth in Section 105.6 and regulated in accordancc with this section. 3301.2.1 Residential uses. No person shall keep or store, nor shall any permit be issued to keep or storc, any explosives at any place of habitation, or within I00 fcet (30 480 mm) thcreof. Exception: Storage of smokcle\s propellant, blacli pow der. and small arms primcrs for personal use and not for resale in accordance with Scction 3306. 3301.2.2 Sale and retail display. No person shall construct a retail display nor offer for sale explosivcs, explosive materials, or fireworks upon highways, sidewalks, public property, or in Group A or E occupancies. 3301.2.3 Pennil restrictions. The fire code official is authorizcd to limit the quantity of cxplosives, cxplosivc materials, or fireworks pernlittedat a given location. No person, possessing a p e ~ m i tfor storagc of explosives at any place, shall kcep or storc an amount grcatcr than a~rthori7.cd in such permit. Only the kir~dof explosive spccificd in such a permit shall be kept or stored. 3301.2.4 Financial responsibility. Bcforc a permit is issued, as required by Section 330 1.2, thc applicant shall filc with thc jurisdiction a c o ~ ~ o r asul-ety te bond in the principal sum of $100,000 or apublic liability insurancc policy for thc same amount, for the purpose of the paymcnt of all damages to persons or propcrty which arisc from, or are caused by, the conduct of any act authorized by thc pertnit upon which anyjudicial jodgmcnt results. Thc fire code official is authorized to specify a greater or lcsseramoutlt when, in his or her

EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS

opinion, conditions at thc location of use indicate a greater or lcsser amount is rcquircd. Government entities shall bc cxcrnpt from this bond requirement.

3301.2.4.1 Blasting. Before approval to do blasting is issued, the applicant for approval shall filc a bond or submit a certificate of insurance in such form, amount and coverage as deterrnincd by the legal dcpartment of the jurisdictio~ito be adcquatc in each case to indemnify the ~urisdictior~ against any and all damages arising from pcrmittcd blasting. 3301.2.4.2 Fireworks display. Thc permit holder shall furnish a bond or certificate of insurance in all amount dccnled acicquate by the fire code official for the payment of all potcntial damages to a person or persons or to propcrty by reason of the permitted display, and arising from any acts of the permit holder, the agent, einployees or subcontractors.

shall not be under the iiifluence of alcohol or drugs which impair sensory or motel. skills, shall be at lcast 7- 1 years of age, and shall demonstrate knowledge of all safcty preca~rtions related to the storage, handling or use of explosives. explosive tnaterials or fireworks.

3301.5 Supervision. Thc fire code official is authorized to require operations pcrnmittcd undcr thc provisions of Sectio~l 3301.2 to be supervised at any time by the fire code official in order to determine compliance with all safcty and fire regulations. 3301.6 Notification. Whenever a new explosive material storage or manufacturing sitc is cstablished, including 21 telnporary job site, the local law enforcenlcnt agency, fire department, and local emergency planning cornmittcc shall be notified 48 hours in advance, not including Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, of the type. quantity and location of explosive matcri:lls at thc sitc.

3301.3 Prohibited explosives. Permits shall not be issued or rcnewcd for possession, man~rfacture,storage, handling, sale or use of thc following inaterials and such rnaterials currently in storage or use shall be disposed of in an approved nlanncr.

3301.7 Seizure. The fire code official is authorized to rcmove or cause to be removed or disposcd of in an approved nlanncr, at the expense of the owner, explosivcs, cxplosive materials or fireworks offered or exposed for sale. stored, possessed or used in violation of this chapter.

1. Liquid nitroglycerin 2. Dynamite containing more than 60-percent liquid explosive ingredient.

3301.8 Establish~nentof quantity of explosives and distances. The quantity of explosives and distances shall be in accordance with Sections 3301.8.1 and 3301.8. I . 1.

3. Tlynarnite having an unsatisfactory absorbent or one that permits leakage of a liquid explosive ingredient undcr any conditio~isliable to exist during storage.

3301.8.1 Quarltity of explosives. The quantity-distance (Q-D) tables in Sections 3304.5 and 3305.3 shall he used to provide the minimum separation distances from potcntial explosion sites as set f o ~ t hin Tables 3301.8.1(1) through 3301.8.1(3). The classification and the wcight of the cxplosives are prin~arycharacteristics governing the usc of these tables. The net explosive weight shall be determined in accordance with Sections 3301.8. I . l through 3301.S.1.4.

4. Nitrocellulose in ;l dry and unconipresscd condition in a quantity greater than 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of net weight in one package. 5. Fulminate of mcrcury in a d ~ condition y and fulminate of all other metals in any condition except as a component of manufactured articles not hcreinafter forbidden. 6. Explosive compositions that ignitc spontaneously or undergo mar-lad decomposition. rendering the products of their usc more hazardous, when subjected for 48 consccutivc hours or less to a teniperaturc of 167°F (75°C). 7. New cxplosivc n~atcrialcuntil approved by DO'Tn. except that permits are allowed to be issued to educational. governmental or industrial laborator~csfor instructional or research purposes.

8. Explosivc materials condcnlned by DOTn. 9. Explosive materials containing an ammonium salt and a chloratc. 10. Explosives not packed or marked as required by DOTn 49 CFR, Parts 100-178. Exception: Gelatin dyr~amitc. 3301.4 Qualifications. Person4 in charge of magazines, blasting. fircworl<sdisplay. or pyrotechnic special effect operations

3301.8.1.1 Mass-detonating explosives. The total net explosive wcight of Division I. 1, 1.2 or 1.5 cxplosives shall be used. Sce Table 3304.5.2(2) or Table 3305.3 as appropriate. Exception: When the TNT cquivalel~ccof thc explothe equivalence is sive material has been dete~~mincd, allowed to be used to cstablish the nct cxplosive weight. 3301.8.1.2 Nonmass-detonating explosives (excluding Division 1.4). Nonmass-detonating explosives shall he as follows:

I . Division 1.3 propellants. The total wcight of the propellants alone shall be the net cxplosivc wcight. The net wcight of propellant shall bc used. See Table 3304.5.2(3). 2. Combinations of bulk metal powder and pyl-otechnic compositions. The sum of the net weights ot metal powders and pyrotechnic compositions in the containers shall be the net explosive wcight. See Table 3304.5.2(3).



TABLE 3301.8.1(1) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION

---

1.1,1.2 AND 1.5 EXPLOSIVESa~b~c 7 7 -

!

1 1 3304._5:2(_2) ; 1 1

-

1

Table

1

Table 1 Public Traffic ) Route i 3304.5.212) , , ,

L -

IMD

Table

/

8

-.

-1

.

I

PTR

3 T

lLD or IPD

-

I

I

Table

1

.

~

I

1

I

.

~I

ILD "IPD .

I

~

I

T

I

1

?‘able PTR 3304.5.2(2) i . , ,

Table

~

. .

-

I IBD ~

1

NA

-

i

~

1

PTR ~~

T'IIII~

1

/

NA

I I

Table / 1. .3_i04..5:2(2) i 1

I

IBD

i-~-

1304.5.2(2) : . .. .,

1

PUBLIC

I

NA

_

_

~

~~

PTR

1

NA

.

J--

For S1: 1 h o t = 304.8 mm. a. The rninin~umsrpar:ltion distance (D,,) shall be a minimum of 60 feel. \%"herea building or magazine conmiidng e.xplosives is hal-ric~ided, rhi. minilnun1 dislance shall be 30 fcet. h. 1,incac.interpolation hetween t:ll)ular vnlues in the referenced Q-D tablcs shall not he allowed. Nonlinear interpolation of the values shall be allowed s111i;ect to an approved technical opinion and report prepared in accordance with Section 104.7.2. c. For definitiol~sof Quantity-Dislance abbreviations IRD. ILD. IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3302.1.

TABLE 3301.8.1(2) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION -

I

1.3 EXPLOSIVESa,b,C -

7 7 I ! INHABITED 1

PUBLIC TRAFFIC

T--~'

90!rE.j

1

1

? - D ~ ~ ~

Table

' '

Operating Building .

-

-

1 Inhabited / Building i

~

/ _

Public Traffic P

U

~

~

Table 3104.5.2(3) .. . .. Table

I L D or

1 -~3301..5.2(31-1

T

1

C

- -

~

TiabIe 3304.1.2(3)

I

i

1r~-.- PD.. 1 1 IBD / .

1

I

Table 3304.5.2(3) ILD or.IPD . ~ -. -; Table

,1 I

L..3304,5.2i?1 j

1

IBD ~

.

1

,

Table 1 3 3 ( ~ . 5 , 2 (.3 ).

.! ..~

,I

NA

.. I

~

-----

NA . .~--

.

!

Table

1

IBD ..

......-I

1

~

Table 3304.5.2(3) . .~ ..

----

~+--.

- -

NA .

.

11

PTR

~ - ~ -

11.

-

~

-

I

NA ~~

-~

~

-

For SI: I font = 3W.S rnnl. a. Tlie minimum separation d~slance(Do) shall be a minimun~of 50 feet. 11. Lincar interpolation between tabular values in the rel'erc~icrdQ-D tab!e shail be allowled. c . For delinitions of Quantity-Distance abbreviations IBD, 1LD. IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3302.1

TABLE 3301.8.1(3) APPLICATION OF SEPARATION DISTANCE (Q-D) TABLES-DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVESaxb," ___r--I-,

r-----~y I

ITEM

1

Magazine

1

MAGAZINE

/

;

I

I

1

Q-D

I

,

OPERATING BUILDING

1

INHABITED BUILDING

NA For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 Inni. a. The mi~iimumseparation distance in,,) shall be ;I minirnom of 50 l'eet. b. Linear interpola~ionbetween tabular vnlues in the referenced Q-D table sh;ill I I ~ he L ailowed. c. For detini~ionso f Quanti~y-Distanceabb~.evi:~tionsIRD. ILD, IMD, IPD and PTR, see Section 3-307.1


-1 1

I

I

Q-D

1

1

I

I

Q-D

NA

j

TRAFFIC ROUTE

NA

1

Q-D

NA

1

EXPLOSIVES A N D FIREWORKS

3301.8.1.3 Combinations of mass-detonating and nonnlass-detonating explosives (excluding Division 1.4).Combination of mass-detonating and nonmass-detonatin! explosives shall be as follows:

1. Whcn Division 1 . I and 1.2 explosives are located in the sanie site, determine the distance for the total quantity considered first as 1.1 andlhen as 1.2. The rcquircd distance is the greater of Ihc two. When the Division 1.1 requirements are controlling and the 'T'NT cquivalcnce of the 1.2 is known, the TNT equivalent weight of the 1.2items shall be allowed to be added to the total explosive wcight of Division 1 .I items to determine the nct explosive weight for Division 1.1 distance determination. See Table 3304.5.2(3) or Tablc 3305.3 as appropriate. 2. When Division 1.1 and 1.3 explosives are located in the sanie site? determine the distances for the total quantity considcrcd first as 1.1 and then as 1.3. The required distance is the greater of thc two. Whcn the Division 1.1 requirements are controlling and the TNT equivalence of the 1.3 is known, the TNTequivalent wcight of the 1.3 items shall be allowcd to be added to the total explosive weight of Division 1.1 items to determine the net explosive wcight for Division I .1 distance delermination. Sec Tablc 3304.5.2(2), 3304.5.2(3) o r 3305.3, as appropriate. 3. When Division 1 . I , I .2 and 1.3 explosives are located in the same site, determine the distances fhrthc total quantity considered first as 1. I, next as I .2 and finally as 1.3. The required distance is the greatest of the three. As allowed by paragraphs 1 and 2 above, TNT cquivalent weights for 1.2 and 1.3 items are allowed to be used to determine the nct weight of cxplosives for Division 1.1 distance determination. Table 3304.5.2(2) or 3305.3 shall be uscd when TNT equivalency is uscd to establish the net cxplosivc weight. 4. For composite pyrotcchnic items Division I. 1 and Division 1.3, the sum of the net weights of the pyrotcchnic composition and the explosives involved shall bc uscd. SecTables 3304.5.2(2) and 3304.5.2(3).

3301.8.1.4 RJodcrate fire- no blast hazards. Division 1.4 explosives. The total wcight of the explosive matcrial alonc is the net wcight. The nct weight of t l ~ cexplosive material hall hc used.

SECTION 3302 DEFINITIONS

3302.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used clsewhcre in this code. have the meanings shown hercin. AMMONIUM NITRATE. A chemical con~poundrepresented by the formula NII,NO,.

BARRICAIIE. A structure that consists of a combination of walls, floor and roof, which is designcd lo withstand thc rapid rclease of cnergy in an explosion and which is f ~ ~ lconfincd, ly partially vcntcd or fully vcnted: or othcr cffectivc method of shielding from explosive materials by a~iaturalor artificial barrier. Artificial barricade. An ar~iiicialmound or revetment a niininium thickness of 3 fcet (914 rnm). Natural barricade. Natural features of the ground, such as hilly, or timbcr of sufficient density that the surrounding exposures that require protection cannot be seen from the magazine or building containing explosives whcn the trecs are bare of leaves. BARRICADED. ' n e effective screening of a building containing explosive materials from thc magazine or other building, railway, or highway by a natural or an artificial barrier. A straight line from the top of any sidewall of the building co~itaining explosive malerials to the cave linc of any magazine or other building or to a point 12 feet (3658 mm) above the ccnter of a railway or highway shall pass through such barrier. BLAST AREA. The area including the blast sitc and the immediate adjacent area within the influence of flying rock. missiles and concussion. BI,AS'T SITE. The area in which explosive~nater~als arc being or have been loaded and which includes all holes loaded or to be loaded for the same blast and a clistance of 50 Sect (15 230 mm) in all directions. BLASTER. A person qualified in accordance with Section 3301.4 to be in charge of and vesponsiblc for the loading and firing of a blast. BLASTING AGENT. A material or mixture consisting of fuel and oxidizer, intended for blasting provided that the linislicd product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a No. 8 test detonator when unconfined. Blasting agents arc labeled and placarded as Class 1.5 lnaterial by US DOTn. BULLET RESISTAN'L: Constructed so az to rcsist pcnetration of a bullct of 150-grain M2 ball ammunition having a nominal muzzle velocity of 2,700 feet per second (fps) (824 mps) when fired from a 30-caliber rifle at a distance of 100 fcct (30 480 rnm), measured perpendicular to the target. DETONATING CORD. A flcxiblc cord containing a center core of high explosive used to initiate othcr explosives. 1)ETONATION. An cxotlierniic reaction characterized by the prcsence of a shock wavc in the material which establishes and maintains the reaction. The reaction zone progresses through the material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound. The principal heating mechanism is one of shock compression. Detonations have an explosive effect. DETONATOR. A device containing any initiating or primary explosive that is used for initiating detonation. A detonator shall not contain more than 154.32 grains (10 grams) of total explosives by weight, excluding ignition or dclay chargcs. The term includes, but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of insta~ltaneousand dclay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuses, detonating cord delay connectors, and noninstantnneous


and delay blasting caps which use dctonating cord, slaock tube or any other replacement for electric leg wires. All types of detonators in strc~igtlisthrough No. 8 cap should be rated at 1.5 pounds (0.68 kg) of explosives per 1,000 caps. For strengths higher than No. 8 cap, consult the manufacturer.

DISCHARGE SITE. The immediate arca surrounding the fircworks mortars used for an outdoor fireworks display. DLSPI,AIJ SITE. The immediate area where a fircworks display is conducted. The display arca includes the discharge site, the fallout arca. and the required separation distance from the mortars to spectator viewing areas. The display area does not include spectator viewing areas or vehicle parking areas. EXPLOSIVE. A chemical compound, m i x t ~ ~or r e device, the primary or comluon purpose of which is to function by explosion. The term includes, but is not limited to, dynamite, black powder. pellet powder, initiating explosives, detonators, safety fuses. squibs, dctonating cord, igniter cord, igniters anddisplay fircworks. 1.3G (Class BI Special). The tcrm "explosive" includcs any material determined to be withill the scope of USC Title 18: Chapter 40 and also includes any material classified as an explosive other than consumer fireworks, 1.4G (Class C. Common) by the hazardous materials regulations of DOTn 49 CFR. High explosive. Explosive material. such as dynamite. which can be caused to detonate by means of a No. 8 test blasting cap whcn unconfined. Low explosive. Explosive material that will bur11or deflagrate whcn ignited. It is characterized by a rate of reaction that is less than thc speed of sound. Exa~nplesof low explosives include, but arc not limited to, black powder. safety fuse, iguiters, igniter cord, fuse lighters, fireworks, 1.3G (Class B special) and propellants, I .3C. Nlass-detonating explosives. Division 1.1, 1.2 and 1.5 cxplosivcs alonc or in combination, or loaded into various types of ammunition or containers, most of which can be expected to explode virtually instantaneously when a small portion is subjccted to fire. severe concussion. impact, the impulse of an initiating agent, or the effect of a considerable discharge of cnergy from without. Materials that react in this manner represent a mass explosion hazard. Such an explosive will normally cause severe structural damage to adjaccnt objects. Explosive propagation could occur immediatcly to othcr items of aniniunition and explosives stored sufficiently close to and not adequately protected frorn the initially exploding pile with a time interval short enough so that two or more quantities must be considered as one for quantity-distance purposes. UNDOTn Class 1 explosives. The former classification system used by DOTn included the tcmis "high" and "low" cxplosives as defined herein. The following terms fi~rther define cxplosives under the current system applied by DOrn For all explosive matcrials defined as hazard Class 1 materials. Co~npatibilitygroup letters are used in concert with the Division to specify further limitations on each division noted. ( i t . , the letter G identifies the material as a pyro-

technic substance or article containing stance and sinlilar materials).

;I

pyrotechnic sub-

Division 1.1. Explosives that have a mass explosion liazard. A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously. Division 1.2. Explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. Division 1.3. Explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both, but not a mass explosioll hazard. Division 1.4. Explosives that pose a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely confined to the package and no projection o f fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected. An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of thc pacltagc. Division 1.5. Very insensitive explosives. This division is comprised of substances that have a mass explosion hazard but which are so insensitive that thcrc is very Iittlc probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under nornial conditions of transport. Division 1.6. Extre~nelyinsensitive articles which do not have n mass explosion hazard. This division is conapriscd of articles that contain only extremely inscnsitivc detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation. EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL. The term "explosive" material means explosives, blasting agcnts, and dctonators. FALLOUT AREA. The area over which aerial shells are fired. The shells burst over the area, and unsafe debris and n~alfunctioning aerial shells fall into this area. The fallout area is [he location wherc a typical aerial shell dud falls to the g~-ound depending on the wind and thc angle of mortar placemcnt. FIREWORKS. Any composition or device for thc purpose of producing a visible or an audible cffecl for entertainment purposes by combustion, deflapration or deto~latio~i that rncets the definition of 1.4G fireworks or 1.3G fireworks as set forth herein. Fireworks, 1.4G. (Fol-merly known as Class C, Common Fireworks.) Small fireworks devices containing rcstrictcd amounts of pyrotechnic composi~iond e s i g ~ ~ eprimarily d to produce visible or audible effects by combustion. Such 1.4G fircworks which comply with the construction, chcmical composition and labcli~lgregulations of the DO'l'n for Fireworks, UN 0336, and thc I1.S. Consumcr Product Safety Con~missionas set forth in CPSC 16 CFK: Parts 1500 and 1507, are not explosive materials for the purpose of this code. Fireworks, 1.3G. (Formerly Class B, Special Fireworks.) Large fireworks deviccs, which are cxplosivc rnatcrials, intended for use in fireworks displays and dcsigncd to produce audible or visible cffects by combustion, dcflagration or detonation. Such 1.3G fircworl<sinclude, but arc not l i ~ n -


itcd to. firecrackers containing more than 130 milligrams (2 grains) of cxplosive composition. acrial shells containing more than 40 grams of pyrotechnic composition. and other display picccs which exceed the lin~itsfor classification as 1.4G fircworks. Such 1.3G fireworks, are also described as Fireworks, UN0335 by the DOTn.

FIREWORKS DlSP1,AY. A presentation of fircworks for a public or privatc gathering. HIGHWAY. A public strcet, public alley or public road. INHABlTED BUILDING. A building regularly occupicd in whole or in part as a habitation for people; or any place of religious worship, schoolhouse, railroad station, store or othcr structure wherc people are accusto~nedto assemble, cxcept any building or structure occupied in connection with the manufacturc. transportation, storage or use of explosive materials.

materials. Operating buildings are separated from one anothcr with the use of intraplant or intralinc distances.

OPERATING LINE. A group of buildings, fr~ciliticsor workstations so a ~ a n g e das to pcrn~itperformance of the steps in the manufacture of an explosivc or in thc loading, asscmbly, ~nodificationand niaintenancc of ammunition or deviccs containing explosive materials. PLOSOPHORIC MATERIAL. Two or inore unmixed. commercially manufactured, prepackaged chemical substances including oxidizers. flammable liquids or solids, or similar substances that are not independently classified as explosivcs but which, whcn mixed or co~nbined.form an explosive that is intended for blasting. PKOXIMA'TE AUDIENCE. An audience closer to pyrotechnic devices than allowed by NFPA 1 123.

MAGAZINE. A building. structure or container, other than an opcrating building. approved for storage of explosivc materials.

PUBLIC TRAFFIC KOIJTE (PTR). Any public strcet, road, highway, navigable stream or passcngerrailroad that is uscd for through traffic by the general public.

Indoor. A portable structure, such as a box, bin or othcr container. constructed as required for Type 2 , 4 or 5 magazines in accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFK Part 55 so as to be fire resistant and theft resistant.

PYROTECHNIC COICIPOSITION. A che~nicalmixture that produces visible light displays or sounds through a self-propagating, heat-releasing chemical reaction which is initiated by ignition.

Type 1. A pcrmanent structure. such as a building or igloo, that is bullct rcsistant, tjrc rcsistant, thcft resistant, wcather resistant and ventilated in accordance with thc requirements of NFPA 495, NFPA 1 124, or DOTy 27 CFR Part 55.

PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFEC'L: A visible or audiblc effect for cntertainmcrit creatcd through the use of pyrotechnic materials and deviccs.

Type 2. A portablc or mobile structure, such as a box, skid-magazine, trailer or semitmilcr, constructed in accordance with the rcquiremcnts of NFPA 195, NFPA 1124 or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55 that is tirc resistant, theft resistant, wcather rcsistant and ventilated. Jf used outdoors, a Type 2 n~agazincis also bullet resistant. Type 3. A fire-rcsistant. theft-resistant and weather-resistant "day box" or pol-table structure constructed in accordance with NFPA 495, NFPA 1124, or DOTy 27 CFR Part 55 used for thc temporary storage of explosive materials. 1kpe 4. A permanent. portable or mobile structure such as a building, igloo, box, semitrailer or other mobile container that is fire rcsistant, theft resistant and weather resistant and constructed in accordance with NFPA 495. NFPA 1124, or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55. 'I'ype 5. A permanent, portablc or mobile structure such as a building, igloo, box, bin, t~u~lk, semitrailer, bulk trailer, tank trailcr, bulk truck, tank tl-uck or other mobilc container that is thcft resistant, which is constructed in accordance with NFPA 405. NFPA 1121, or DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55. MORTAR. A tube from which fireworks shells arc fired into the air. NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT (net weight). The weight of cxplosive material expressed in pounds. The nct cxplosive weight is the aggregate amount of explosive matcrial containcd within buildings, magazines, structures or portions thereof. uscd to establish quantity-distancc relationships. OPEKATlNG BULLDING. A building occupied in conjunction with the manufacture, transportation, or use of explosive

PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL-EFFECT MATERIAL. A chemical mixture used in the entertainment industry. to produce visible or audible effects by combustion, deflagration or detonation. Such nchcrnical mixture predo~ninantlyconsists of solids capable of producing a controlled, self-sustaining and self-contained cxothcrmic chemical reaction that results in heat, gas sound, light or a combination of these effccts. Thc chemical reaction functions without external oxygcn. QUANTITY-DISTANCE (Q-D). The quantity of explosive material and separation distance relationships providing protection. These relationships are based on lcvcls of risk considered acceptable for the stipulated cxposurcs and are tabulated in the appropriate Q-D tables. The scparation distances specified afford lcss than absolute safety: Minimum separation distance (D,). The minimum scparation distance between adjacent buildings occupicd in conjunction with the manufacture, transportation. storagc or use of explosive materials where onc of the buildings contains cxplosive matcrials and the other building does ]lot. Intraline distance (ILD) or Intraplant distance (IPD). The distance to hc maintained between any two opcrating buildings on an explosives manufacturing site whcn at least one contains or is designed to contain explosivcs. or thc distance between a magazine and an opcrating building. Inhabited building distance (1BD). The mini~nurnseparation distancc between an opcrating building or n~agazinc containing cxplosive materials and an inhabited building or sitc bounda~y. Intermagazine distance (IMD). The n~inilnu~n separation distancc between magazines. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


KAJJJWAk'. A stcam. clectric or olhcr railroad or railway that carriers passengcrs for hire.

propcrty damage, shall bc reported to the fire codc official i mmcdiately.

READY BOX. A weathcr-resistant container with a self-closing or autoniatic-closing covcr that protects fireworks shells from burning debris. Tarpaulins shall not be considcrcd as ready hoses.

3303.5 Misfires. The pyrotechnic display operator or blaster in charge shall keep a record of all acrial shells that fail to fire or charges that fail to detonate.

SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION. A shotgun, rifle or pistol cartridgc and any cartridge for propellant-actuated devices. This dciiiiition docs not include military ammunition containing bursting charges or incendiary, trace, spotting or pyrotechnic pro~ectilcs. SMALL ARMS PRIMERS. Small pcrcussion-sensitivc explosive charges, encased in a cap, used to ignite propellant powder. SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS. Solid propellants. commonly referred to as smokeless powders, used in small arrlls ammunition, cannons, rockets, propellant-actuated devices and similar articles. SPECIAL INDUSTRIAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE. An cxplosivc powcr pack contailling an explosive charge in the form of a cartridge or construction devicc. The term includes hut is not linlikd to explosive rivets, explosive bolts, explosive charges for driving pills or studs, cartridges for explosive-actuatcd power tools and charges of cxplosivcs used in automotive air bag inflators,jct tapping of open hcarth f~lrnacesandjet perforation of oil well casings. THEFT RESISTAN'C Construction designcd to deter illegal entry into facilities for the storage of explosive materials.

3303.6 Hazard communication. Manufacturers of cxplosivc materials and fircworks shall maintain records of chemicals, chemical compounds and mixtures recluircd by DOL 20 CFR. Part 1910.1200, and Section 407. 3303.7 Safety rules. Current safcty rules covering the opcrati011 of magazines. as described in Section 3304.7. shall be posted on the interior of the magazine in a visible location.

SECTION 3304 EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS STORAGE AND HANDLING 3304.1 General. Storage of explosives and cxplosivc nlaterials, small amls ammunition, small arms primers, propellant-actuated cartridges and smokeless prope1l:lnts in magazines, shall comply with the provisions of this section. 3304.2 Magazine required. Explosives and cxplosivc matc~ials, and Division 1.3G fireworks shall be storcd in magazines constructed, located, operated and maintained in accordancc with the provisions of Section 3304 and NFPA 495 or NFPA 1 124. Exceptions: 1. Storage of fireworlcs at display sites in accordance with Section 3308.5 and NFPA 1 123 or NFPA 1 126.

SECTION 3303 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING 3303.1 General. Rccords of thc rcccipl, handling, use or disposal of cxplosivc materials. and reports of any accidents, thefts, or unauthorized activitics involving explosive niatcrials shall conform to the requirements of this section. 3303.2 Transaction record. Thc permittee shall maintain a record of all transactions involving rcceipt, rcmoval, usc or disposal of explosive materials. Such a record shall bc maintained for a pcriod of five years, and shall be furnished to the firc codc official for inspection upon request. Exception: Wherc only Division I .4G (consumer fireworlts) are handled, records need only be maintained for a pcriod of thrce years. 3303.3 Loss, theft or unauthorized reinovaJ. The loss, theft or unauthorized rcrnoval of explosive materials from a magazine or pcrmittcd facility shall be rcportcd to the firc codc official, local law enforcenlent authorities, and the U.S. Dcpartmer~tof Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms within 24 hours. Exception: I>oss of Division 1.4G (consumer fircworks) nced not be rcportcd to thc Burcau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. 3303.4 Accidents. Accidents involving the use of cxplosivcs, explosive materials and tircworlcs, which result in in.jurics or 2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@

2. Portable or mobile magazines not cxcccding 120 square fect (1 1 m2) in arca shall not be required to coniply with the requircmcnts of thc I~zte~izatioczul Building Cotic.

3304.3 Magazines. Thc storage of explosives and cxplosivc materials in magaaincs shall con~plywith Table 3304.3. 3304.3.1 High explosives. Explosivc matcrials classified as Division 1.1 or 1.2 or fc)rmerly classified as Class A by thc U.S. Department of Transportation shall be storcd in Q p e 1. 2 or 3 magazines. Exceptions: 1. Black po\vdcr shall be stored in a Typc 1-3,3 or 4 magazine. 2. Cap-sensitive explosive material that is demoustratcd not to bc bullct sensitive, shall be storcd in a Type 1.2, 3 , 4 or 5 magazine.

3304.3.2 Low explosives. Explosive materials that arc not cap scnsitive shall bc storcd in a Type 1,2, 3 , 4 or 5 magazine. 3304.3.3 Detonating cord. For quantity and distance purposes, dctonating cord of 50 grains pcr foot shall bc calculated as equivalent to 8 pounds (4 kg) o f high explosives per 1>000fect (305 m). Heavier or lighter core loads shall be rated proportionally.


TABLE 3304.3 STORAGE AMOUNTS AND MAGAZINE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS, 1.36 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA v----.. - .

---

~~

~

-~ ~-~

MAGAZINE TYPE REQUIRED

~~

.-I

For SI: I pound = 0.454 kg. I pound per galloil = 0.12 kg per liter. I ouncc = 18.35 g. a. .4 factor of 10 pounds per pi1011 shall be used for convciting pounds (solid) to gallons (liquid) ill accordance with Section 1703.1 2. h. Bliich powder sh;~llbe slorcd in n Type 1, 2. 3 or 4 (nagmine as pl.ovided lor in Section 3304.3.1.

3304.4 Prohibited storage. Detonators shall be stored in a separatc magazine for blasting supplies and shall not be stored in n maga7,ine with othcr explosive materials. 3304.5 1,ocation. The use of maga~incsfor storagc of explosivcs and cxplosive materials shall comply with Sections 3304.5.1 through 3304.5.3.3. 3304.5.1 Indoor magazines. The use of indoor magazines for stolagc of explosives and explosive materials shall comply with the requircincnts of this scction. 3304.5.1.1 Use. The use of indoor magazines for storage of cxplosivcs and cxplosivc materials shall bc limitcd to occ~rpanciesof Group F. H. M or S, and rcsearch and de\~eloprncntlaboratories. 3304.5.1.2 Construction. Indoor magazines shall comply with thc following constniction requirements: 1. Construction shall be tire resistant and theft resistant. 2. Exterior shall be painted red. 3. Base shall bc fitted with wheels, castcrs or rollers to l'acilitatc removal from the building in an emergency. 4. Lid or door shall be markcd with conspic~~ous white lettering not less than 3 inches (76 tnm) high and minitnuln ' I 2 inch (12.7 inm) stroke. reading EXPLOSIVES - KEEP FIRE AWAY. 5. Thc least horizontal dimension shall not exceed the clear width of the entrance door.

3304.5.1.3 Quantity limit. Not inorc than 50 pounds (23 kg) of explosives or explosive materials shall bc stolcd within an indoor magazine. Exception: Day boxcs used for thc storagc of in-process material in accordance with Section 3305.6.4.1. 3304.5.1.4 Prohibited use. Indoor nlagazines shall not be used within buildings containing Group R occupancies. 3304.5.1.5 Location. Indoor magazi~~cs shall be locatcd within 10 feet (3048 ~ n m )of an cntrance and only on floors at or having ramp access to thc cxterior grade level. 3304.5.1.6 Number. Not nlorc than two indoor Inagazines shall be locatcd in tlic samc building. Whcrc two such magazines arc located in the samc building. onc tnagazine shall be usctl solely for the storagc of not morc than 5,000 detonators. 3304.5.1.7 Separation distance. When two magazines arc located in the samc building, they shall be separated by a distance of not less than 10 fcct (3048 tnm). 3304.5.2 Outdoor magazines. All outdoor n~agazines othcr than 'Type 3 shall be locatcd so as to cu~nplywith Tdble 3304.5.2(2) or Table 3304.5.2(3) as set forth in Tables 3301.8.1(1) through 3301.8.1(3). Wherc a magazine or group of magazines. as described in Section 3304.5.2.2, contains diffcrent classcs of cxplosive inatcrials, and Division 1.1 materials are prcscnt, the required separations for thc magazinc or magazinc group as a whole shall comply with Table 3304.5.2(2). b



TABLE 3304.5.2(1) AMERICAN TABLE O F DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE lNSTlTUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a

-

I

i

20

30

. i 4

I

2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE*


-

TABLE 3304.5.2('1)-continued AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVESAS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSIVES AND REVISED JUNE 1991a !

/ QUANTITY OF EXPLOSIVE . MATERIALSC . . .. -

1

.~.

~~

-r---.......--

I!

I

"'STANCESINFFET

- -

..

I Public highways with traffic Public highways with traffic volume less than 3,000

1

volume greater than 3,000 vehicles per day and

-~~ -

1

1

!

~

~

~

.

1 I

1

~



~-~~

TABLE 3304.5.2(1)-continued AMERICAN TABLE OF DISTANCES FOR STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES AS APPROVED BY THE INSTITUTE OF MAKERS OF EXPLOSlVES ANDREVISED JUNE 1991" 7~ -- . . ~ - . ~ ~.~

~-

-

--

-

I

~

i

!

I

~

.

. .

.-

DISTANCES IN FEET

1

..~

-

~~

~

~-

-~

.

I

-

Public highways with traffic i Public highways with traffic volume greater than 3,000 , volume less than 3,000 I vehicles per day and 1

j

I

1

1 i

For S1: I foot = 304.8 min, I po1111d= 0.454 kg. a. This t:tblc applies oi11yto the munufacturc and permanectt slorage of corn~~~ercial ehplosivc matcrials. It is not applicable to trm~syorlationolekplosivcs or any 11:indling or lemporary storagc necessaly or incideiit thercto. It is not inteiided to apply to bombs, projectiles or o ~ h e helwily r encased explosives. b. Storage in cxccss of 300.000 p~~untls of explosive materials in orcc ~nagazineis not allowed. c. Where ;I manuractilri~igbuilding on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive niaterials, such huildi~igshall be locatetl with respect to its proxiniity lo inhahited buildings. public highways and passenger railways based on the maximum quantit) of explosive malerials pernii~tcdlo he in t1ieh11iIding;rt one timc. d. \Vhcrc twcl or more storage magazines are located on the samr property. cach lr~agazinesh:~llcoinply with the mi~rimumdistance sgccilied l'roni inhahited buildings, railways and liighways, and, in addition, they should be sepatnted from each othcr hy not less than the distances shown I h r scgarntioi~of maguil~ea,exLcpl that the quantity oScxplosi\~esindrtonator magazines shall gocern in regard to the spacing ofsaiddctonator magazinesfioln rnagx/.incs co~~taiiiinpotlicrcxplosive materi;lls. Where any two or nlore magazines are separated from cach other by less than the specified separation of magazines dislances, then two or more such n~ag:r/.ines.as a group, shall he consitfcred :IS one magazine, :lnd the total quantity oFrxplosive 111atc1 ii~lsstored in such group shall be treated as if st~)redi n asinglc magazine located on the site ofally niagazine ir? the group andshall cornply with theminilnron distwces spccitiedfrorn other magazines, inhahiled buildings, railways and highnays.

TABLE 3304.5.2(2) TABLE OF DISTANCES (0-D) FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSlVES-

DIVISION 1.3 MASS-FIRE HAZARDa*"'

For S1: 1 I)ot = 304.8 mln, I poinld = 0.454 Ikf :I. Rl;~cl<powdcl: whel~stored in nlagaziues, is detillcd as low cuplosive by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco 2nd I:irea~'n~s (BATF). h. h l r quil~~titics less than 1,000 pounds, thc recluircd distances arc t h o e specitied for 1,000 pounds. The use of lesser distances is alloxzed when supported I,y appl-ovcd test data andlor ;i~lalysis. c. IAncar inte~polationol'explosivc q~lantitiesbetween table entries is allowed.


EXPLOSlVES AND FIREWORKS

TABLE 3304.5.2(3)

I, -- - - . ~ . . - -TABLE . . _ OF _ _DISTANCES _ p - p (Q-D) FOR BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES -DIVISION

'

QUANTITY OF DIVISION 1.4 EXPLOSIVES (NET ' EXPLOSIVES WEIGHT) 1 +

li

50

/

N o t Limited

1

-- - -

-

-

"

DIETANCE-S INFEET

-

?

I

L

I 100-

~

I

L

1.4 "

-

1

-

50~

.-

i

50

i

For SI: I foot = 304.8 Inm, 1 pound = 0.454 kz. a. A separation distance of 100 feel is required fill-buildings of other than Type I or Type 11 construction as defuned in the Itzrertz~~tinrrrrl Urtildi~lgC'odc. h. For earth-co\'ered magazines. no specified separation is required. I. Earth cuverrnaturial used for nlagazines shall be relatively cohesi] e. Solid orwct clay and siniilar types of suil are to coliesivc and shall not he used. Soil shall bc i ~ c horn e unsanitary organic matter, trash. debris and stones heavier than 10 pounds or larger than 6 inches In diamct~r.Conipaclion and surljcc preparation shall hc provided, as necessary, to rnaintain structural integrity and avoid erosion. Wherc cohesive materinl cannot he used, as in s;lndy soil. the earth cover over magnrines shall he linished with a suitablc material to ensure structural integrity. 2. The MI-thtill or cartli cover between earth-covered magazines shall be either solid or ssloped, in accordance with thc reqoircmcnts of other construction Sercturcs, but a nii~cirnu~r~ of 2 feet ofearth cover shall bemaintained over the top of each magazines. Toreduce erosion andfacilitate niaintenancc opcmtions. the cova- shall have a slope of 2 horizontal to I vertical. c. Kcstricled to :I)-tizlcs,inclutlinp articlcs packapt-d for shipment. that are not regulated as an explosive under Bureau oCAlcohol, Tobacco and Firearms regul:~tic)ns, or unpacked articles used in process operations that do not propngnte a detotiation or detlagralion between a17icles.

3304.5.2.1 Separation. Where two or morc storagc magazines are located on the same property, each magazine shall con~plywith the minimum distances specified from inhabited buildings. public transporkition routes and operating buildings. Magazines shall be separated from cach other by not less than thc interrnagazinc distanccs (IMD) shown for the separation of magazines. 3304.5.2.2 Grouped magazines. Wherc two or inore magazines are separated froin each other by less than the intcrmagazine distances (IMD), such magazines as a group shall be considered as one magazinc and thc total quantity of explosive materials stored in the group shall be trcatcd as if stored in a single magazine. The location of tlie group of maga7ines shall comply with the intermagazine distances (LMD) specified frorn other magazines or magazine groups, inhabited buildings (IBD), publrc transportation routes (PTR) and operating buildings (ILD or IPD) as reclu~red. 3304.5.3 Special requirements for Type 3 magazines. Typc 3 magazines shall comply with Sections 3304.5.3.1 through 3304.5.3.3. 3304.5.3.1 Location. Wherever practicable, Tjrpe 3 magazines shall he located away from neighboring inhabited buildings. railway\, highways. and other magazines in accordance with Table 3304.5.2(2) o r 3304.5.2(3) as ,tppl~cablc.

3304.6.1 Drainage. The ground around a magazinc shall bc graded so that water drains away from the magazinc. 3304.6.2 Heating. Magazines requiring heat shall bc hcated iis prescribed in NFPA 495 by either hot water radiant heating within the magazine or by indircct warn1 air heating. 3304.6.3 Lighting. When lighting is riecessaly within a magazine, elcctric safety flashlights or elcctric safety lanterns shall be used. except as provided in NFPA 495. 3304.6.4 Norlsparking materials. In othcr than Typc 5 magazines. there shall be no exposed ferrous mctal on the interior of a magazine containing packagcs of esplosivcs. 3304.6.5 Signs and placards. Property upon which Typc 1 magazincs and outdoor magazines of Types 2 , 4 and 5 are located shall be posted with signs stating: EXPLOSIVES KEEP OFF. These signs shall be of contrasting colors with a minimum letter height of 3 inches (76 mm) with a ~tliniinum brush stroke of 0.5 inch (12.7 nlm). The signs shall bc located to minimize the possibility of a bullct shot at thc sign hitting the magazine. 3304.6.5.1 Access road signs. At the entrance to cxplosive material manufacturing and storage sites. all access roads shall be posted with the following warning sign or other approved sign: DANGER! NEVER FIGHT EXPL,OSIVE FIRES. EXPLOSIVES ARE STORED ON THIS SITE CALL .

3304.5.3.2 Supervision. Typc 3 magazines shall bc attcnded when explosive materials are stored within. Explosive materials shall be rc1l1oved to appropriale storage 1nagazinc.s for unattended storage at thc end of the work day.

The sign shall bc wcathcr resistant with a reflcclivc surface and havc letteriug at least 2 inchcs (5 1 mm) high.

3304.5.3.3 Use. Not more than two Tjlpe 3 magazines shall bc located at the samc hlastir~gsite. Where twoType 3 magazines arc located at the same blasting site, one magazine shall uscd solcly for thc storage of detonator?.

3304.6.5.2 Placards. Typc 5 magazines containing Division I .5 blasting agents shall be promil~entlyplacarded as rcquired during transportation by DOTn 49 CFR, Part 172 and DOTy 27 CFR, Part 55.

3304.6 Construction. Magazines shall be constructed in accordance with Sections 3304.6.1 through 3304.6.5.2.

3304.7 Operation. Magazincs shall bc operated in accordance with Sections 3304.7.1 through 3304.7.9. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@


3304.7.1 Security. Magazines shall be kept lockcd in the manncr prescrihcd in NFPA 495 at all timcs except during placcmenl or removal of explosives or inspection. 3304.7.2 Open flames and lights. Smoking, matchcs, flamc-producing devices, open flames, firearms and fireamls cartridges shall not be allowed inside of or within 50 feet (1 5 240 mm) of magazines. 3304.7.3 Brush. The area located around a magazinc shall be kept clear of brush, dried grass, leaves, trash, debris, and sim~larcombustible materials for a distancc of 25 fect (7620 111111). 3304.7.4 Combustible storage. Go~nbustible materials shall not be storcd within 50 feel (15 240mm) of magazines. 3304.7.5 Unpacking and repacking explosive materials. Containers of explosive mnlerials. except fiberboard containers, and packages of damaged or deteriorated explosive matcrials or fireworks shall not be unpacked or repacked inside or within 50 feet (15 230 mm) of a magazine or in closc proximity to other explosive materials. 3304.7.5.1 Storage of opened packages. Packagcs of explosivc materials that have bcen opened shall be closcd bcforc bcing placcd in a magazinc. 3304.7.5.2 No~isparkingtools. Tools used for the opcning and closing of packages of explosive materials, olhcr than metal slitters for opening paper, pla5tic or fiberboard containers. shall be made of nonsparking materials. 3304.7.5.3 Disposal of packaging. Empty containers and papcr and fiber packaging materials that previously contained explosivc rnatcrials shall be disposed of or reused in a appro~redmanner. 3304.7.6 'li~olsand equipment. Metal tools. other than nonferrous transfer conveyors and ferrous metal conveyor stands protected by a coat of paint. shall not be stored in a magazine containing evplosivc materials or dctonators. 3304.7.7 Contents. Magazines shall be used exclusively for the storage of explosive materials, blasting materials and blasting acccssorics. 3304.7.8 Compatibility. Corresponding grades and brands of explosivc matcrials shall be stored togcthcr and in such a manncr that the gradc and brand lnarlis arc visible. Stocks shall be stored so as to be easily counted and checked. Packages of cxplosive materials shall be stacked in a stablemanncr not exceeding 8 fect (2438 mm) in height. 3304.7.9 Stock rotation. When explosive material is ~.einovcdfrom a niagazinc for use. the oldest usable stoclcs shall bu removed first. 3304.8 Maintenance. Maintcnance of magazines shall comply with Sections 3304.8.1 through 3304.8.3. 3304.8.1 Iiousekeeping. Magazine floors shall be regularly swept and be kept clean, dry and free of grit, paper, empty packages and rubbish. Brooms and other cleaning utensils shall not havc any spark-producing metal parts. Sweepings from magazine floors shall be disposcd of in accol-dance with the manufacturers' approvcd instructions. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

3304.8.2 Repairs. Explosi\le materials shall he rcmovcd from the magazine before making repairs to the interior of a magazine. Explosive materials shall be removed from thc magazine beforc malting repairs to the extcrior of thc n1ag;lzine where there is n possibility of causing a fire. Explosive materials removed from a magazineunder repair shall cither be placed in another magazine or placed a safe distance froin thc magazine, where they shall bc properly guarded and protccteduntil repairs have been completed. Upon completion of repairs, thc cxplosive materials shall bc pron~ptly returned to the ~nagazine.Floors shall bc cleaned beforc and after repairs. 3304.8.3 Floors. Magazine floors staincd with liquid shall be dealt with according to instructions obtaincd from the manufacturer of the explosive material storcd in the magazine. 3304.9 Inspection. Magazines containing cxplosivc materials shall be opencd and inspected at maximuin sevcn-day i n t w vals. The inspection shall determine whethcr thcl-chas been an i~nauthorizedor attempted entry into a magazinc or an unallthorized rclnoval of a magazine or its contents. 3304.10 Disposal of explosive materials. Explosive materials shall bc disposed of in accordance with Sections 3304.10.1 through 3304.10.7. 3304.10.1 Notification. The fire code official shall be notified immediately when dcteriorated or leaking explo5ivc materials are detcrrnined to be dangerous or unstable and in need of disposal. 3304.10.2 Deteriorated materials. Whcn an cxplosive material has deteriorated to an extent that it is in an unstablc or dangerous condition, or when a liquid has leaked from an explosivc matcrial, the person in possession of such material shall immediately contact the material's n~anufacturer to obtain disposal and handling instructions. 3304.10.3 Qualified person. The work of destroy~ng explosive materials shall be directed by pcrsons cxperienced in the destruction of cxplosive matcrials. 3304.10.4 Storage of misfires. Explosive matcrials and fireworks recovered from blasting or display misfires shall be placed in a magazine until an experienced person has determined the propcr method for disposal. 3304.10.5 Disposal sites. Sites for thc dcstruction of cxplosive materials and fireworlcs shall be approved and locatccl at the maximum practicable safc distance fro111 inhal>itcd buildings, public highways, operating buildings, and all other cxposures to ensure kecping air blast and ground vibration to a minimum. The location of disposal sitcs shall be no closcr to magazines, inhabited buildings. railways, highways and other rights-of-way than is allowed by Tables 3304.5.2(1), 3304.5.2(2) and .3304.5.2(3). Whcn possible, barricades shall be utilized betwecn the destruction sitc and inhabited buildings. Areas where explosives are detonated or burned shall be posted with adequate warning signs. 3304.10.6 Reuse of site. Unless an approvcd burning sitc has been thoroughly saturated with water and has passcd a safety inspection, 48 hours shall elapse betwecn the com-


pletion of a burn and thc placement of scrap explosive matehurn. rials -for a s~~bsequent

nianufacturing plant. at a distance not less than those shown i n Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3), as appropriate.

3304.10.7 Personnel safeguards. Once an explosive bum operation has been started, personnel shall relocate to a safc location where adequate protection from air blast and flying debris is providcd. Personnel shall not return to the bum area until the person in charge has inspected tlic burn site and determined that it is safc for pcrsonncl to return.

Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings separated in accordance with NFPA 1 124.

SECTION 3305 MANUFACTURE, ASSEMBLY AND TESTING OF EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS AND FIREWORKS 3305.1 General. The manufacture, asscmbly and testing of explosives. ammunition, blasting agents and fireworks shall t sthis section and NFPA 495 or comply with the ~ q u i r e ~ n e nof NFPA 1124. Exceptions:

I . The hand loading of small arms ainmunitjon prepared for personal use and not offered for rcsalc. 2. Thc tnixing and loading of blasting agents at blasting sitcs i n accordance with NFPA 495. 3. The use of binary explosives or plosophoric rnatcrials in blasting or pyrotechnic special cffects applications in accordancc with NFPA 495 or NFPA 1126. 3305.2 Enlergency planning and preparedness. Emergency plans, cnicrgcncy drills, employee training and hazard communication shall conform to thc provisions of this scction and Sections 404.405,406 and 407. 3305.2.1 Hazardous Materials Management Plans and Inventory Statements required. Detailed I-lazardo~~s Materials Managc~nent Plans (HMMP) and Hazardous Materials Inventory Statements (HMIS) complying with the rcquire~ncntsof Section 407 shall be prepared and submitted to the local emergency planning comniittee. the fire code officiial, and the local tirc dcpartment. 3305.2.2 Maintenance of plans. A copy of the required HMMP and HMIS shall bc maintained on sitc and furnished to the tire codc official on request. 3305.2.3 Employee training. Workers who handle explosives or explosivc charges or dispose of explosives shall bc traincd in the hazards of the materials and processes in which they arc to be engaged and with the safety rules go\>crning such materials and processes. 3305.2.4 Emergency procedures. Approved emergency procedures shall be formulated for each plant which will i ~ ~ c l u dpersonal e instruction in any emergency that may be anticipated. All pcrsonncl shall bc made awatc of an enicrgcncy warning signal. 3305.3 Intraplant separation of operating buildings. Explosives manufacturing buildings and fireworks manufacturing b~~ildings, including those where explosivc charges are assernbled, manuf~icturcd.PI-cparcdor loaded utilizing Division 1 . I , I .2. 1.3, 1.4 or 1.5 explosives, shall be separated from all other buildings, including magazincs, within the confines of the

The quantity of explosives in an opcratirig building shall be the net weight of all explosives containcd thcrcin. Distances shall be based on the hazard division requiring the grcatcst separation, unless the aggregatc cxplosive wciglit is divided by approved walls or shields designed for that purpose. When dividing a quantity of explosives into smaller stacks, a suitable barrier or adequate separation distance shall be provided to prevent propagation from onc staclc to another. When distancc is used as the sole means of scparation within a building, such distance shall be established by tcstlng. Testing shall demonstrate that propagation between stacks will not result. Ban-icrs provided to protect against explosive effects shall be designed and installed in accordancc with approved standards.

C

3305.4 Separation of manufacturing operating buildings from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and magazines. When an opcrating building on an explosive materials plant site is designed to contain explosive matcrials, such a building shall be locatcd away from inhabited buildings, public traffic routes and magazines in accordancc with 'Tnble 3304.5.2(2) or 3304.5.2(3) as appropriate, based on thc maximum quantity of explosive rnatcrials permitted to be in the building at one time (see Section 3301.8). Exception: Fireworks manufacturing buildings constructed and opcrated in accordance with NFPA I 124. 3305.4.1 Determinationof net explosive weight for operating buildings. In addition to thc rccluirc~iientsof Section 3301.8 to determine tlle net cxplosive wcight for rnatcrials stored or uscd in operating buildings, quantities of explosivc rnatcrials stored in magazincs located at distances less than intraline distances from the operating building shall be added to the contents of the opcrating building to dctcrmine the net explosivc weight for the opcrating building. 3305.4.1.1 Indoor magazines. The storagc of cxplosivc materials located in indoor niagazincs in opcrating buiidings shall hc limited to a net explosive weight not to exceed 50 pounds (23 kg). 3305.4.1.2 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive weight less than 50 pounds. The storage of explosivc materials in outdoor magazines located at leas than intraline distances from operating buildings shall bc limited to a net explosivc weight not to excecd 50 pounds (23 kg). 3305.4.1.3 Outdoor magazines with a net explosive weight greater than 50 pounds. The storage of cxplosive materials iu outdoor inagazines in quantities exccedin& 50 pounds (23 kg) net cxplosive wc~ghtshall bc limited to storage in outdoor magazincs located not lcss than ~ntrali~ie distances fro111 thc operating building in accordance with Section 3304.5.2. 3305.4.1.4 Net explosive weight of materials stored in combination indoor and outdoor magazines. The 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

I


aggregate quantity oi' explosivt: rr~alerialsstored in any combination of indoor magazines or outdoor magazines locatcd at less than the intralincdistanccs from an operating building shall not exceed 50 pounds (23 kg).

3305.5 Buildings and equipment. Buildings or rooms that cxcceti the maximun~allowable quantity per control area of explosive materials shall bc operated in accordance with this section and constructed in accordance with the requirements of the blter~~utionul B u i l d i ~ rCode ~ for Group H occupancies. Exccption: Fircworlcs manufacturing buildings constructed and opcrotcd in accordance with NFPA 1 124. 3305.5.1 Explosives dust. Explosives dust sllall not bc cxl~austedto the atmosphere. 3305.5.1.1 Wet collector. When collecting cxplosives d ~ ~ sa twet , collector system shall be used. Wettlng agents shall be compatible with the explosives. Collector sys-

tems shall be interlocked with process power supplies so that the process cannot continue without the collector systems also operating.

3305.5.1.2 Waste disposal and maintenance. Explosives dust shall be removed from the collection chamber as often as necessary to prevcnt ovel.loading. Thc cntirc system shall be cleaned at a frequency that will eliminate hazardous concentrations of cxplosives dust in pipcs, tubing and ducts. 3305.5.2 Exhaust fans. Squirrel cage blowcrs shall not be used for cxhausting hazardous fumes, vapors or gnses. Only nonferrous fan blades shall be used for fans locatcd within the ductwork and through which hazardous malerials are exhausted. Motors shall be located outsidc the duct. 3305.5.3 Work stations. Work stations shall hc separatcd by distance, barrier or other approved alternatives so that

TABLE 3305.3 MINIMUM INTRALINE (INTRAPLANT) SEPARATION DISTANCES (ILD OR IPD) BETWEEN BARRICADED OPERATING BUILDINGS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES - DlVlSlON 1.1,1.2 OR 1.5 - MASS EXPLOSION HAZARDa "NET .EXPLOSIVE -

WEIGfl,-

For SI: I h o t = 304.8 mln, I pound = 0.451 kg. a. Where a buildi~ugor magazine containing explosives is [lot barricaded, the intraline distances shown in this table shall he doubled.



fire i n one station will not ignite matcrial in another work station. Where necessary, the operator shall be protected by a pcrsonnel shield located between thc operator and the cxplosive device or explosive matcrial being processed. This shield and its support shall be capable of withstanding a blast from the maximum amount of explosives allowed behind it. 3305.6 Operations. Operations involving explosives shall

co~rlplywith Sections 3305.6.1 through 3305.6.10, 3305.6.1. lsolatio~lof operations. When the type of mate-

rial and processing warrants, mechanical operations involving explosivcs in excess of 1 pound (0.454 kg) shall bc carried on at isolated stations or at intraplant distances, and machinery shall be controlled from remote locations behind barricades or at separations so that workers will be at a safe distancc while machinery is operating.

in any proccss building or area. All compositions not in current use shall he kept in covered nonfcnous containers.

Exception: Composition that has bccn loaded or prcssed into tubes or other containers as consumcr fireworks. 3305.6.Wosting limits. The maxi~numnumbcr of occu-

pants and maximum weight of pyrotechnic and cxplosivc coi~lpositionpermitted in cach process building shall he postcd in a conspicuous location in each process building or magazinc. 3305.6.10 Heat sources. Fireworks, explosivcs or explo-

sive charges in explosive materials manufacturing, assembly or testing shall not be stored ncar any sourcc of heat.

Exception: Approved drying or curing operations. 3305.7 Maintenance. Maintenance and repair of cxplo-

3305.6.2 Static controls. The work area where the screcn-

sives-manufacturing facilities and areas shall comply with Scction 3304.8.

ing, grinding, blending and other processing of static-sensitivc cxplosivcs or pyrotechnic materials is done shall be provided with approved static controls.

3305.8 Explosive materials testing sites. Detonation of

3305.6.3 Approved containers. Bulk explosivcs shall be

kcpt in approved. nonsparking containers when not bcing used or processed. Explosives shall not he stored or transported in open containers. 3305.6.4 Quantity limits. Thc quantity of explosives at any

particular work station shall be limited to that postcd on the load liniit signs - for the individual work station. The total quantity of explosives for multiple workstations shall not exceed that cstablishcd by the intraplant distances in Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3), as appropriate. 3305.6.4.1 Magazines. Magazines used for storage in

processing arcas shall be in accordance with the requircnients of Section 3304.5.1. All explosive materials shall be removed to appropriate storage magazines for unattended storage at the end of thc work day. The contents of indoor magazines shall be added to thc quantity of cxplosivcs contained at individual workstations and the total cluantity of material stored, processed or used shall be utilized to establish the intraplant separation distances indicated by Table 3305.3 or 3304.5.2(3). as appropriate. 3305.6.5 Waste disposal. Approved receptacles with covers shall be provided for each location for disposing of wastc matcrial and debris. These wastc receptacles shall be cml.~ticdand cle:u~icdas often as necessary but not less than oncc cach day or at the end of cach shift. 3305.6.6 Safety rules. General safcty rules and operating

instructions governing the particular operation or process conductcd at that location sliall be available at each location. 3305.6.7 Personnel limits. Thc number of occupants in

each proccss building and in cach niaga7,inc shall not cxcced the number necessary for proper conduct of production operationrnatzorzrrlMeckar~icalCode pertaining to flarn~nnhleljquids shall apply. 3401.4 I'ermits. Pcrnlits shall bc required as set forth in Scctions 105.6 and 105.7. 3401.5 Material classification. Flamrnnblc and cornbuatible licluidh \hall be classified in accordancc with the definitions in Scction 3401.1.

When mixed with lower flash-point liquids, Class LI 01. I11 liquids are capable of assuming the characteristics of the lower flash-point liquids. Under such conditions the appropriate provisions of this chapter for the actual flash point of the mixed liquitl shall apply. When heated abovc their flash points, Class 11 and I11 liquids assume the characteristics of Class I liquids. Under such conditions, the appropt-iatcprovisions of this chapter for flammable liquids shall apply.

SECTION 3402 DEFINITIONS 3402.1 Definitions. The following words and tcrrns shall, for thc purposes of this chapter and as uscd clscwhcrc in this codc. have the meanings shown hercin. ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB. A11 alco1101-containing preparation designed for application to thc handc for reducing the number of viable rnicroorganis~nson the hands and containing ethanol or isopropanol in an atnounl not exceeding 70 percent by volume. IBUI'K PI,ANrl'OR TERMINAL. That portion of a property where flammable or cornbuslible liquids are rcccivcd by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car or tank vehiclc and arc stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of distributing such liquids by tank vcssel, pipeline, tank car, tanlc vehiclc, portable tank or container. BULK TRANSFER. Thc loading or unloading of flan~~nablc or combustible liquids from or betwccn tank vehicles. tank cars or storagc tanks. COMBUSTIB1,E 1,IQUID. A liquid having a cloccd cup flash point at or abovc 100"17(18"C).Coinbustil~leliquiclsshall bc subdivided as follows: Class PI. Liquids having a closed cup flash point at or above 100°F (38°C) and below 140°F (60°C). Class IIIA. Liquids having a closcd cup flash point at or al~ovc140°F (60°C) and bclow 200°F (93°C). Class IIIB. Liquids having closed cup flash points at or above 200°F (93°C). The category of conlbustiblc liquids docs not illclude compressed gascs or cryogenic tluids.

PIRE POINT. The lowest temperature at which a licluid will ignite and achieve sustained burning whcn cxpo~cclto a tcst flame in accordancc with ASTM D 92.

FEAhPMAB1,E LIQUID. A licl~ridhaving a closcd cup flash point below 100°F (38°C). Fla~nmableliquids arc further categorized into a group known as Class I liquids. The Class I category is subdivided as follows: Class IA. Liquids having a flash p i n t bclow 73°F (23°C) and havrng a boiling point below 100°F (38°C).

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

Class IS. Liquids havlng a flash point bclow 73°F (23°C) and h a i n g a boiling point at or abovc 100°F (38°C). Class 1C. Liquids having a flash point at or abovc 73°F (23°C) and below 100°F (38°C). Thc catcgory of flan~mablcliquids does not include compressed gascs or cryogenic fluids.

F1,ASICI POINK The rnlnimurn temperature in degrees Fahrenhcit at which a liquid will give off sufficient vapors to form an ~gnitablcmixturc with air ncar the surfacc or in thc container, but will not sustain combustion. The flash point of a liquid shall bc dctcrmincd by appropriate test procedure and apparatus as specifi cd in ASTM D 56. ASTM D 93 or ASTM D 3178. FlJEI, LIMIT SWITCH. A mechanism, locaied on a tank vchicle, that limits the quantity of product clispensed at one time. LIQUID STORAGE ROOM. A room classified as a Group H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flainmahle or combustible liquids in a closed condition. LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE. A building classificd as a Group H-7 or H-3 occupancy used for the storage of flammablc or combustible liquids in a closed condition. MOBILI3 FUELING. The opcration of dispensing liquid fuels from tank vchiclcs into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles. Mobile fucling may also be known by the terms "Mohile fleet fueling." "Wet fueling" and "Wet hosing." PROCESS TRANSFER. The transfer of flam~nableor combustible liquids bctween tank vehicles or tank cars and process operations. Proccss operations may includc containcrs, tanks, piping and equipment. REFINERY. A plant in which flammable or combustible liquids are produced on a com~ncrcialscale from crude petroleum, nakrnl gasoline or other hydrocarbon sources. REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE. The cornbination of an operator-carried signaling clevlce and a mechanisni on the tank vehiclc. Activation of thc rcmotc emergency shutoff d e v ~ c sends c a signal to thc tanker-mountetl niechallism and causes fucl flow to ccase. REMOTE SOIJLfENTRESERVOIR. A liquid solvent container cncloscd against evaporative losscs to the atmosphere during periods whcn thc containcr is not being utilized, except for a solvcnt return opening not larger tlian 16 square inches (10 321 m~n').Such return allows punlp-cycled used solvent to drain back into the reservoir from a separate solvent sink or work arca. SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT. An appliance that rcccivcs contaminated flammable or co~nbustibleliquids and which distills the contents to remove conta~ninantsand recover the solvents. TANK, PRIMARY. A listed atmospheric tank used to storc liquid. See "Primary containn~ent." 'L'AWK, PRO'L'ECTED ABOVE GROUND. A tank listed in accordance with UL. 2085 consisting of a primary tanli pro-

306

vided with protection from physical daniagc and firc-resistive protection from a high-intensity liquid pool firc cxposurc. 'Thc tank may provide protection elements as a unit or may bc nri assc~nblyof components, or a combination hereo of.

SECTION 3493 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3403.1 Electrical. Electrical wiring and eq~~ipment shall bc installed and maintained in accordancc with the ICC Elcctr.ic(11 Code. 3403.1.1 Classified locations for flammable liquids. Areas where tlamnlable liquids are storcd, handlcd, dispensedor mixed shall bein accordancc withTablc 3403.1.1. A classified arca shall not extend beyond an unpierced floor, roof or other solid partition. The extent of the classified arca is allowcd to be reduced. or eliminated, where sufficient technical justification is provided to the firc code official that a conccntration in thc arca in excess of 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL) cannot be generated.

3403.1.2 Classified locations for combustible liquids. Arcas wherc Class 11 or 111 liquids arc hcated abovc their flash points shall have electrical installations in accordancc with Section 3403.1.1. Exception: Solvcnt distillation units in accordancc with Section 3405.4. 3403.1.3 Other applications. The tire code ofticia1 is anthosized to detcrmine the extent of the Class I clcctrical equipment and wiring location when a condition is not sl7ecifically covered by these req~rireinentsor the ICC E1ccrr.icnl Code. 3403.2 Fire protection. Fire protcction for thc storagc. usc. dispcnsing. mixing, handling- and on-site transport;ion of flammable and conibustible liauids shall bc in accordancc with this chapter and applicable scctions of Chaptcr 9 3403.2.1 Portable fire extinguishers and llose lines. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided In accordancc with Section 906. Hosc lines shall bc provided in accordance with Section 905. 3403.3 Site assessment. In the event of a sl~ill,Icak or discharge from a tank system, a site assessment shall bc conlpleted by the owner or operator of such tank system if the fire code official dcternlines that a potential fire or explosion hazard exists. Such site assessments shall be conducted to ascertain potential fire hazards and shall be co~npletcdand subniittcd to thc fire department within a time period cstablishcd by thc tire code official, not to exceed 60 days. 3403.4 Spill control and secondary containment. Wherc the niaximuin allowable quantity per control arca is cxccedcd, and when requircd by Section 2704.2, rooms, buildings or areas used for storagc, dispensing: use: mixing or handling of Class I, I1 and 11I-A liquids shall be provided with spill control and sccondary containment in accordancc with Scction 7704.2.


N

0

0

2

-1 1

~

g5

--

TABLE 3403.1.1 CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONS"

---

LOCATION

~

~

I

I Underground tank

~

~

0 Id

rrg -

I

Vent-Discllarging upward -- -- -- .-. ...- _ _ Druni and container filling 1 Outdoor or indoor ar~tliadequate \ ent:l:ltion .- - -

. . ..-

-

~

'

_-_-

_-

. - .._. .

~~

~

I

--,

Within 3 feet of open end of vent, esteiiding in all directions. A r e a between 3 feet and 5 feet of open end of vent, extending in all directions.

J 2

~

~

I

I

I

1v~~

--

~

:Pits. boxes or spaces below grade level. any part of which is within the Division I or 2 classified arca. ' U ~to I 18 inches above grade level within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from a loose-fill connection and within a horizontal radius of 5 feet from a tipht-fill connection. - -. -.

fill opening

~

% I1

EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA

GROUP 0 DIVISION ~

I

~

pump^, bleeders, withdrawal fillings, ii~etersand similar devices Indoor

~

,

I

I

Pits Without inecl~~nical hent~lation W ~ t hniechan~calventilation Containing valves, fittings or piping: and not within a Division I or I 2 cl.'l>s~fied . . . uea I ---.~

~

1 2

Outdoor

Entire area withill pit il'any part is \~~ithin a Division 1 01.2 clossiiicd area. Entire area within pit if any part is within a Division I or 2 classified area.

~

1 Drainage ditclleb, separators, impounding basins 1 Indoor

~

;Within 5 feet of :~nyedge of such devices. estending in all directions. Also up lu 3 feet above floor or grade level within 25 feet horizontally from any edge of such devices. Within 3 feet of any edge of such dcviccs. cxtcnding in all directions. .41so up to 18 I inches horizontally from an edge of such devices.

I

1 Outdoor

Within 3 feet of vent and fill opening. extending in all directiuns. Area between 3 feet and 5 feet from vent of fill opening, extending in all directions. Also up to I X inches above floor 01. grade level within a horizontal radius 01' 10 feet from I vent or fill opening. I

I

I

I !

lor2 2

; Saine as pits.

1 Area up to 18 inches abovc ditch, separator or basin. Also up to 18 inches abovc grade I

within 15 feet horizontal from anv edzc.

/ Tank vehicle and tank carh

1

i Within 3 feet of edge of dome. extending in all directions. 1 Area hct~lecn3 fee( and 15 feet from edge of dome, extending in all ciil-zctions.

Loaclin lhrnugh opcn dome I,osding through bottom connections wllh at~~iospheric ventlng

Office and restrooms

I

I

2

Ordinary

Within 3 feet of point of venting to almosphere, extending in all di~ectioiis. Area betwcen 3 fcct and 15 feet fi-om poi111or venting to almosphere, cxtendiilg in all directions. Alsu up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet from poinl of loading connection. Where there is an opelung to these roolns within the extent of an indoor classified location. the room shall bc classified the sanie as if the wall, curb or partition did not esist. ....-. ~~

~

~

~

TABLE 3403.1 .I-continued CLASS I ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT LOCATIONSa LOCATION I

EXTENT OF CLASSIFIED AREA

Tank ~ehicleand tank car'kontinued Loadlr~gthrough c l o ~ e ddome w ~ t hatmo\pher~cvcntlng

1

W1t111n3 feet of open end of vent. extend~ng~nall d~rect~onh Area between 3 feet and 15 feet from open end of vent, extendjng in all directions. Also within 3 feet of edge of dome, extending in all direction?. :Within 3 feet of point of connection of both fill and vapor lines, extending in all directions. 1 Within 3 feet of point of connection, extending in all directions. Also up to 18 inches above grade within a horizontal radius of 10 feet horn point of connection. ---.-

2 Load~rlgthrough ~ l o \ e ddome w ~ t hvapor control Bottom loddlllg with vapor control or any bottom unloading

~

L II

I Garages for other than tank

-

-. ---

-

vehicles

~

.

.-

.

-

-_

J

1

/

Ordinary

~i -

~

:

I I

-

~

----. .

-

~

~

~

i

Where therc is an opening to these soo oms within the extent of an indoor classified area, the roorn shall be classified the same as if the wall, curb or partition did not exist. .1 . ~

~

~

~

- -

~

-

1

I I 2

1 Area w~thln3 feet of any edge of such ccluipment, extend~ngin all d ~ r e c t ~ o n s .

I Area between 3 feet and 8 feet of any edge of such equipment extending in all tlirections. ) Also. area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level within 3 feet to 10 feet horizontally i from any edge of such equipment. +.-.-.. - -.---. - . . . -

I Tank-Above

1 E: Q)

I

m

D -I

P 2 s m r J

6

1

I

ground Shell. ends or r w f and dike area

1

1 I

Vent

I

[Floating roof -

!

~

4

Area within 5 feet of any edge of such equipment, extending in all dil-ections. I A r e a between 5 feet and 8 feet of any edgc of s11c11equipment, extending in all directions. Also, area up to 3 feet above floor or grade level wlth~n5 feet to 25 feet horr~ontally from any edge of such e q i i ~ ~ m e n l ' I

Indoor equipment &here flani~nablevaporlair mixtures could exist ; 1 under normal operations I

Outdoor equipnlent where flan~n~able vaporlair mixtures could exist under normal operations

the entire room shall be c1;lssif'ied the same as the area classification at the point of the i opening.

I

Ordinary

I

i

i

I Where there is an opening to these rooms within the extent of an o~itdoorclassified nrca, i

I !

6

~

Pit.; or spaces below floor level. Area up to 18 inches above floor or grade level for entire storage or repair gaage. ~-

Ordinary

I

~~

~

:

d r u n ~storage

Indoor warehousing where there is rio flammable liquid transfer . , -

11

~

i . . .

I 2

I

Storage and repair garage for tank vehicles - -- - - - - ----.

~

I

I

Area inside dike where dike height is greater than the distance iron1 the tank to the dike for more than 50 percent of the tank circumference. rea within 10 feet from shell, ends or roof of tank. Area inside dikes to level of top of ea within 5 feet of open end of vent, extencling in all dil.ections. .en between 5 feet and 10 feet fromopen end of vent: extending in all directions. ill the shell.

~

Fur ST: 1 inch = 35.4 311111.I fool = 304.8 mm. a. Locnt~onsas classified in the ICC El.lec.rr.ica1Coil?. h. Whcnclassifj'ingextent of area, considerationshall hr gi\.en to the fact that tank cars or tank vehicles can bespottedat~aryi~lgpclin~q. Thercforc,theextsrniitiesof the loaiiir~y01-unloaciingpositions shall he used. c. Thc rslcase of CIS\ I liquids can generate vapo1.s io the estent that the c11ti1-? building, and possibly a zone c~~rroun~l~ng i t , are cunsidered a Claw I. Division ? location.

FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

3403.5 Labeling and signage. The fire code official is tiuthorizcd to rccluire warning signs for the purpose of identifying the hazards of storing or using flammable licluids. Signagc for identification and warning such as for the inherent hazard of tla~nmahlcliq~~icls or smoking shall he provided in accordance with this chaptcr and Sections 2703.5 and 2703.6. 3403.5.1 Style. Warning signs shall be of adurable material. Signs warning of thc hazard of flammable liquids shall have tvhitc lettering 011a red background and shall read: DANGER-FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS. Letters shall not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) in height and ?!I inch (12.7 mm) in stroke. 3403.5.2 1,ocation. Signs shall be posted in locations as required by the fire code official. Piping containingflarnmablc licluids shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1. 3403.5.3 Warning labels. Individual containers. packagcs and cartons shall bc identified, niarl o sofc s ignition source control in accordance with Section 6.20 of NFPA 58.

3809.12 Location of storage outside of buildings. Storagc outside of buildings of containers awaiting use, resale or part of a cylinder exchange prograrn shall bc locatcd in accordance with Tablc 3809.12.

3809.10 Storage within buildings not accessible to the public. The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location in buildings not acccssible to the public. such as industrial buildings, shall not cxceed a water capacity of 735 pounds (334 kg) [nominal 300 pounds (136 kg) of LP-gas]. Where additional storage locations are required on thc same floor within the salnc building, they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 fcet (91 440 mm). Storage beyond these limitations shall comply with Scction 3809.1 1.

3809.13 Protection of containers. Conta~nersshall be storcd within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protectcd against tampering. Vehicular protection shall be providcd as required by the fire code official. 3809.14 Alternative location and protection of storage. Containers locatcd outside of bui~din-~s shall not be located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any exit acccss doors, cxits, stairways or in areas normally used, or intended to be uscd, as a nleans of egress.

3809.10.1 Quantities on equipment and vehicles. Containers carried as part of service equipment on highway mobile vehicles nced not bc considered in the total storage c a.~ a c i*t vin Section 3809.10. ~rovidedsuch vehicles are stored in privatc garages and do not carly more than three 1,P-gas containcrs with a total aggregate LP-gas capacity

3809.15 Altc!rnative location and protection of storage. Where the provisions of Sections 3809.12 and 3809.13 arc

TABLE 3809.12 SEPARATION FROM EXPOSURES OF CONTAINERS AWAITING USE, RESALE OR EXCHANGE STORED OUTSIDE OF BUILDINGS FROM EXPOSURES -

r---

I

I

i

i 0

Over 10.000 1

5

i 25

!

1

I

For S1:

1

~

i

I

20

25

i

I

1

20 25

*

/

20

2 5 ~ _ _ L _ _ _10 _ _! _ 20 _ p .

1 foot = 305.8 mm, 1 pound = 0.154kg.


LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GASES

impractical at construction sites. or at buildings or structures undergoing major renovation or repairs, the storage of containers shall bc as required by the fire code official.

SECTION 381Q CONTAINERS NOT IN SERVICE 3810.1 Temporarilj out of service. Conta~nerswhose use ha:, becn temporarily discontinued shall con~plywith all of the following: I. Be clisconncctcd from appliance piping. 2. Have containcr outlets, except relief valves. closcd or plugged. 3. Be positionccl wiLh the relief valve in direct communication with container vapor space.

3810.2 I'ermanently o11t of service. Containers to be placed pcrni:uncntly out of service shall be removed from thc sitc.

SECTION 3811 PARKING AND GARAGlNG 381 1.1 General. Parking of LP-gas tank vchiclcs shall comply with Sections 38 1 1.2 and 38 1 1.3. Exception: In cases of accident. brcaltdown or other emergencies, tank vehiclcs are allowed to be parked and left unattcntlcd at any location while the opcrator is obtaining assistance.

3811.2 Unattended parking. The unattended parking of LP-gas tank vehicle :;hall he in accortlance with Scctions 38 1 1.2.1 and 38 1 1.2.2. 3811.2.1 Near residential, educatior~alland institotional occupancies and other high-risk areas. LP-gas tank vchicles shall not hc left unattended at any timc on residential strects or within 500 feet (152 m) of aresidential area, apartment or lintcl co~iiplex,educational facility, hospital or care facility. Tank vehicles shall not be left unattended at any othcr placc that would, in the opinion of the fire code official, pose an cxtrcme life hazard. 32111.2.2 Durations exceeding 1 hour. LP-gas tank vehicles parked at any one point for longer than 1 hour shall be located as follows: 1. Off public st~ects,highwaysI p~tblicavenues or public alleys. 2. lnsitle of a bulk plant

3. At othcr approved locations not less than 50 fcet (15 240 ~ n n i )from b ~ u l d ~ n gothcr s than those approved for the staragc or sc~vicingof such vehiclcs.

381 1.3 Garaging. Garaging of 1,P-gas tank vehicles shall he a5 specified in NFI'A 55. Vehicles will1 LP-gas fuel systems are allowed to he storecl or scrviced in garages as specified in Scction 1 1 . 15 of NFPA 58. 2006 iNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE"


CHAPTER 39

ORGANIC PEROXIDES SECTION 3906 GENERAL 3901.1 Scope. ' h c storage and use of organic peroxides shall bc in accordancc with this chapter and Chaptcr 27.

3903.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storagc and usc by occupancy. The indoor storagc and m c of organic peroxides shall be in accordancc w ~ t hScct~ons3903.1.1.1 through 3903.1.1.4.

Unclassitied detonable organic peroxides that are capable of dcton:ition in their normal shipping containers under conditions of tirc cxposure shall be stored in accordance with Chaptar 33.

3903.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occopancies. 111Group A, E, I or U occupancies, any amount of unclassified dctonable and Class I organic peroxides shall be storcd in accordancc with the following:

3901.2 Permits. Pcrm~tsshall be required for organic peroxides CIS set forth in Section 105.6.

1. linclassified detonable and Class I organic pcrosides shall be stored in hazardous matcrials storage cabinets coinplying with Section 2703.8.7.

SECTION 3902 DEFlNlTlONS 3902.1 Definition. Thc following word and term shall, for thc purposcs of this chaptcr arrd as 115cdelsewhere in this codc. havc the meanings \hewn herein. ORGANIC PEROXIDE. An organic compound that contains thc bivalcnt -0-0-structure and which ]nay be considered to be a structural dcrivativc of hydrogen pcroxide where onc or both of the hydrogen atoms have been rcplaced by an organic radical. Organic peroxidcs can present an explosion hxzard (dctonation or deflagration) or they can be shock sensitive. They can also dcconlposc into various unstablc colnpounds over an cxtcndcd pcriod of timc.

Class 1. Dcscrihes thosc formulations that are capablc of dctlagration but not detonation. Glass 11. Dcscribcs thosc formulations that bur11 very rapidly and that pose a ]nodcrate rcactivity hazard. Class 111. Dexcribcs thosc forniulations that bum rapldly and that post a nlode~atcreactivity hazard. Class 1'4. Dcscribes thosc formulations thal burn in the sanlc manncr as ordinary cornbnstibles and that pose a minimal rcactivity hazard. Class V. Describes thosc formulations that burn with lcss intensity than ordinary combustiblcs or do not sustain combuatioll and that posc no 1,cnctivityhazard. Unclassified detonable. Organic peroxides that are capable of dctonation. Thesc peroxides pose an extremely hiph-explosion ha7.a1-dthrough rapid explosive decomposition.

SECTION 3903 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3903.1 Quantities not cxcceding the nnnxinnun~allowable quantity per control area. Thc storage and use of organic peroxides in amounts not cxceeding the masimum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordancc with Scctions 3701,2703.3901 and 3903. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

2. Thc hazardous materials storagc cabinets shall not contain othcr storagc. 3903.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Unclassified dctonable and Class I organic peroxides shall not hc storcd or used within Group R occupancics. 3903.1.1.3 Group B, F, M or S occupancies. Unclassitied dctonable and Class I organic pcroxidcs shall not bc storcd or used in oftice% or rctail salcs areas of Group B, F, 1M or S occupancics. 3903.1.1.4 Classroo~ns.111classrooms in Ciroup B, F or M occupancics, any amount of unclassified detonablc ill accorand Class I organic peroxides shall bc S~UI-cd dance with the following. 1. Unclassified dcto~rableand Class 1 organic peroxides shall bc srorcd in hazardous matcrials storagc cabinets complying with Section 2703.8.7.

2. The hazardous materials storagc cabinets shall not contain other storagc. 3903.2 Quantities exceeding the -maximum allowable quailtity per control area. 'l'he storagc and usc of organic peroxidcs 111 amounts cxceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr control arca indicated i n Scction 3703.1 shall hc in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter.

SECTION 3904 STORAGE 3904.1 Indoor storage. Indoor stor age of organic peroxidcs in amounts excceding the masilnuln allowable quantity per control 'trea indicatetl in Table 2703. I . 1 ( 1 ) shall be in accordancc with Sections 2701, 2703, 3704 and this chapter. Indoor storage of unclassifiecl dctonablc organic peroxidcs that are capable of detonation in their normal shipping containers under conditions of tire exposure shall be storcd in accordance with Chaptcr 33.

3904.1.1 Detached storage. Storigc of organic pcroxidca shall be in dctached buildings whcn requircd by Scction 2703.8.2.

ORGANIC PEROXIDES

3904.1.2 Ilistance from detached storage bi~ildingsto exposures. In addition to the requirements of the Inteurlritiolzril Rllilrlilq Coclt?,detached storage buildings shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.

3904.1.8 Location in building. The storagc of Class I or 11 organic peroxides shall be on the ground floor. Class III organic peroxides shall not be stored in basen~cnts.

3904.1.3 Liquid-tightfloor. In addition to the requirements of Section 2704.12, floors of storage areas shall he of liquid-tight construction.

3904.1.9 Contamination. Organic peroxides shall be stored in their original DOTn shipping corrtainers. Organic peroxides shall bc stored in a manner to prevent contamination.

3904.1.4 Electrical wiring and equipment. In addition to the requircrnents of Section 2703.9.4, electrical wiring and equipment in storage arcas for Class I or I1 organic peroxides shall comply with the requirements for electrical Class I. Division 2 locations.

3904.1.10 Explosion control. Indoor storage rooms, areas buildings containingunclassified dctonahle and organic peroxides shall be providetl with explosion control in accordance with Section 9 I I . 3904.1.11 Standby power. Standby power in accordance with Section 604 shall be provided for storage areas of Class J and unclassified detonable organic peroxide.

3904.1.5 Smoke detection. An approved supervised smolce cictcction system in accordancc with Section 907 shall be provided in rooms or areas where Class 1.11 or 111 organic pcrosidcs are stored. Activation of the smokc detection systcm shall sound a local alarm.

3904.2 Outdoor storage. Outdoor storage of organic perosides in amounts exceeding Ll?c maximum allowable quantities per control area ~ndicated in Table 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance with Sections 270 1,2703. 2704 and this chapter.

Exception: A smolce detection 5ystem shall not be r e q ~ ~ i r ein d detached storage buildings equipped throughout with an appl-oved automatic fire-extinguishing system complying with Chapter 9.

3904.2.1 Distance from storage to exposures. Outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides shall be located in accordance with Table 3904.1.2

3904.1.6 Maximum quantities. Maximum allowable quantities per building in a mixed occupancy building shall not exceed thc arnounts set forth in Table 2703.8.2. Maximum allowable quantities per building in adetached storage building shall not exceed the amounts specified in Table 3904.1.2.

3904.2.2 Electrical wiring and equipment. 111 addition to the requirements of Section 2703.9.4. clcctrical wiring and equipment in ouldoor storage areas containing unclassified detonable, Class I or 11 organic peroxides shall co~nplywith the requircments for electrical Class I, Division 2 locations.

3904.1.7 Storage arrangement. Storage arrangements for organic peroxides shall be in accordance with 'Table 3904 1.7 and shall con~plyw ~ t hall of the follow~ng:

3904.2.3 hZasimunl quantities. Maximum cluantities of organic peroxides in outdoor storagc ?hall be in accordance with Table 3904.1.2.

1. Containers and packages in storage areas shall be clused. 2. Bulk storage shall not be in piles or bins.

3904.2.4 Storage arrangement. Storage ~11.l-angements shall be in accordance will1 Table 3904.1.7.

3. A minimum 2-foot (610 mm) clear space shall be metal maintained between storage and ~~ninsulated walls.

3904.2.5 Separation. In addition to Lhe requirements of Section 2703.9.8, outdoor storage areas for organic peroxides in arnounts exceeding those specilied in Table 2703.8.2 shall be locntcd a minimum distance of 50 feet ( 15 240 ~ I I I I ) frorn other hazardous niatcrial storagc.

4. Fifty-five-gallon (308 L) drums shall not he stored more than one drum high.

TABLE 3904.1.2 ORGANIC PEROXIDES-DISTANCE TO EXPOSURES FROM DETACHED STORAGE BUILDINGS OR OUTDOOR STORAGE AREAS

I

1,

~

~

- ~~-~ ~~

MAXIMUM STORAGE QUANTITY . (POUNDS) AT MINIMUM SEPARATION DISTANCE~ ~-.~ . . -~ - ~ ~ .. .~ r..~

..

. .-----~

----

~

-.-... -

~

2,000

I

.

I

I -

I

.

~

. .. ~-

-

-

~

- -~

Distance between individual detached storage buildings

..

1 200,000 .--~ ._ . !

-

I" V

100-000. . .

.

..

,i

/

Na Limit -

No Linlil

. 1

.

.

200 000 . ..

"lo Limit

. .-L i. -_ - -

..~

No Limit

-~

~~~. ..

. . -,

~

-.

..

.... +-

-

- ~ -

-

175.000

~

i

' 100.000" No Limit ~~--~-i. No Limit I . No. Limit ~~.-; i 700 000' I No Limit No Limit N~~Linli! C , /-----~b Limit No Limit No Limit No Limil t ~. No Limit 1 No Limit I Yo L i ~ n i ~ No Limit 1 .

-

~-

.-

.

. ~-

~-~~

..

~~

-~

~

~

.

.

!

i

..

-

-

.. -

~

~

~-

-

~~~

-

~~

- ~-

i

. +-

.

-

i

.

.

..

. .~

.

~

No Limit

~

20,000 -

~ ~ I V

~~-

.

_ _ _ _ - L ' L

For SJ: 1 foot = 304.8 nlnl, I pound = 0.454 kg. a. Whcn the ;umounI of o ~ g a n i cperoxide htored exi:ecds this amount, Ihe minimum separation shall be 50 feet


-

~

ORGANIC PEROXlDES

TABLE 3904.1.7 STORAGE OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES

,

I.

!

..

-

--

ORGANIC PEROXIDE Maximum width CLASS . - . . ..- ! : . .~.F I L .

1

- .

PILE CONFlGURATlON

.

1

Maximum height

!.

.

( r e 3

.

.

.

.

-

-

.

. .

Minimum distance to next pile ..

.

.Xfee!)-.-.

~-

SECTION 3905 USE 3905.1 General. The use o r organic peroxides In amounts excceriinp the maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated In Xlblc 2705.1.1 (1) or 2703.1.1 (3) shall be in accorcialice with Sect~ons2701. 7-70?, 2705 and this chapter.


I

~~

-~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~

Minimum distance to walls

- 1

i

MAXIMUM QUANTITY PER

...

~

N o Recl~~ire~neni For SI. 1 foot = ZO4.X mm. a. A L least one riai in aisle with a ~ninilnumwidth of 8 feet shall dividc the storage area. h. Distance to ooncon~huslibli:walls is allowed ro be reduced to 7- fcer. c . See Table 3YOJ.l.2 for m;~uirnutnquantities. d. 'Thc itislance shall nut be less than one-hall thc pile lreigh~.

-

r--...-

1

N o Requircrnent

!

i N o Requirement

OXIDIZERS SECTION 4001 GENERAL 4001.1 scope. ~h~ storage and use of oxidizers shall be i n accordancc with this chapter and Chapter 27. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 30. Exceptions: 1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancics complying with Section 2703.11.

neous ignition when it comes in contact wlth combustible materials.

OXllDIZING GAS, A gas that can support and accclcratc of other lnaterials.

SECTION 4003 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4003.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximuin allowable 2. Bulk oxygcn systems at industrial and i~lstitl~tional quantity per control area. Thc storage and L I Sof ~ oxidizers in consumer sites shall bc in ilccordance with NFPA 55. amounts not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity pcr Bcontrol area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordancc as set forth in See40,J1.2 Permits shall be with Sections 2701, 2703, 3001 and 4003. Oxidizing gases tion 105.6. shall also comply with Chapter 30.

SECTION 4002 DEFINITIONS 4002.1 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.

BUI,K OXYGEN SYSTER'I. An assc~l~bly of equipment, such as oxygen storagc containers, prcssure regulators, safety dcviccs. v;iporizc~s,manifolds and interconnecting piping, that has a storage capacity of 111orethan 20,000 cubic feet (566 m3) of oxygen at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) including unconnected reserves on hand at the site. The bulk oxygen sysat the point whcrc oxygcn at service prcssure tem tcrmi~~ates first enters the supply line. The oxygen containers can be stationary or ~novablc,and the oxygen can be stored as a gas or liquid. OXIDIZER. A material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizir~ggas. or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of cornbustible mnte~.ials.Exan~plesof other oxidizing gases include bron~inc,chlorine and fluorine. Class 4. An oxiclizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to contamination or exposure lo thennal or physical shock. In addition, the oxidizcr will cnhance the burning rate and can cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles. Class 3. An oxidizer that will causc a sevcre increase in the burning ratc of cornbustible materials with which ic comes in contact or that will undergo vigorous self-sustained decoinposition caused by contamination or exposure to heat.

4003.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and usc by occupancy. The indoor s t o i ~ g and c use of oxidizers shall be in accordancc with Sections 4003.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.3. 4003.1.1.1 Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers. The storage and use of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall comply with Sections 4003.1.1.1.1 through 4003.1.1.1.4. 4003.1.1.1.1 Group A. E, I or U occupancics. In Group A, E, 1 or U occupancies. any anlount of Cla55 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in accordance with the following:

I . Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in hazardous materials storagc cabinets con>plying with Section 2703.8.7. 2. The hazardous materials storagc cabincts shall not contain other storagc. 4003.1.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Class 4 liiluicl and solid oxidizers shall not bc storccl or uacd within Group R occupancies. 4003.1.1.1.3 Offices, and retail sales areas. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall not bc storcd or used in offices, or retail sales areas of Group B, F. M or S occupancies. 4003.1.1.1.4 Classrooms. In classroollis of Group B, F o r M occupancies, any aluount of Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be storcd in accordance with the following:

Class 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in rhcbuming ratc or that causes spontaneous ignition of combustiblc materials uirh which i t comcs in contact.

1. Class 4 liquid and solid oxidizers shall be stored in hazardous m;lterials storagc cahincts complying with Section 2703.8.7.

Class 1. An oxidizcr whosc prima~yhazard is that it slightly ~ncrcases[he burning rate but which docs not cause sponta-

2. Hazardous matcnals storage cabincts shall not contain other storage.


4003.1.1.2 Class 3 liquid and solid oxidizers. A maximum of 200 pounds (9 I kg) of solid or 20 gallons (76 1), of liquid Class 3 oxidizcr is allowed in Group I occupancics wlicn such ~naterialsare necessary for maintenance purposes or operation of cquipmcnt. The oxidizers shall be \tored in approved cor~tainersand in an approved nlanncl. 4003.1.1.3 Oxidizing gases. Except for cylinders not exceeding a capacity of 250 cubic feet (7 m3) each used for maintenance purposes, patient care or operation of cquipmcnt, oxidizing gases shall not be stored or used in Group A, R. E, I or R occupancies. The aggregate quantities of gases used for maintcnance purposes and operation of equipment shall not cxcced thc maximum allowable quantity per control arca listcd in Table 2703.1.1(1). Medical gas systems and medical gas supply cylinders shall also be in accordance with Section 3006.

I

4003.1.2 Emergency shutoff. Compressed gas systems conveying oxidizing gascs shall be provided with approvcd manual or automatic enicrgency shutoff valves that can bc activated at each point of use and at each source.

4004.1.4 Automatic sprinkler system. Thc autoinatic sprinkles systcm shall be designed in accordancc with NFPA 430. 4004.1.5 1,iquid-tight floor. In addition to Section 2704.1 2, floors of storage areas for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be of liquid-tight construction. TABLE 4004.1.2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS-DISTANCE FROM DETACHED BUILDINGS AND OUTDOOR STORAGE AREAS TO EXPOSURES -. . . . i MINI -

--T-~-.

OXIDIZER -~ CLASS

j

i1

WEIGHT (pounds)

~

I---. Now a ---

.

.--

1

.

~

I

/

Note a - .-

I

1I

I

200

4003.1.2.2 Shutoff at point of use. A manual or automatic cmergency shutoff valve shall bc installed on the supply piping at the point of use or at a point whcre the cquipmcnt using the gas is connected to the supply sy5tcn1.

3,001 to 5.000 j - -.

300

4003.2 Quantities exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per control area. The storage and use of oxidizers in amounts cxcecding the maximurn allowable quantity per control area indicated in Section 2703.1 shall be in accordance with Chapter 27 and this chapter. SECTION 4004 STORAGE 4004.1 Indoor storage. Indoor storage of oxidizers in amounts cxcceding the nlaximunl allowable quantity pcr co~itrolarea indicated in Table2703.1.1(1) shall be in accordance with Section\ 2701. 2703. 2704 and this chapter. 4004.1.1 Dctachcd storage. Storage of liquid and solidoxidizers shall be in detached buildings when required by Section 2703.8.3. 4004.1.2 Distance from detached storage buildings to exposures. In addition to thc recluirenients of the Inrernntiot~ulB~lil~litlg C ( ~ d edetached , storagc buildings shall he located in accordancc with Tiblc 4003.1.2.

-

-

-

1

-

1,001 to 3.000

I

-

1

100 ---

-

-

--

t

--

-

5,001 --to 10,000 -

Over 10.000

t

1 I 1

d

I

-

1

125

-

I

-

-

75

1

50 1 to 1,000- -

~

-

1

101to500

I - ~ -

50 -

1 Over 10 to -100 --

I

i

..

35

1

L

j

;

Not Required .~

Note a

I

L PUBLIC ALLEYS, PUBLIC WAYS OR MEANS OF EGRESS (feet)

~

I k--

--

lI . . . . . . . . i

.-

1

I

2

~

4003.1.2.1 Sh~ltoffat source. A manual or automatic fail-safe emergency shutoff valvc shall be installed on supply piping at the cylinder or bulk source. Manual or automatic cylinder valves are allowed to be used as the required cmergency shutoff valve when the source of supply is limited to unmanifolded cylindcr sources.

4003.1.3 Ignition source control. Ignition sources in areas containing oxidizing gases shall bc controlled in accordance with Scction 2703.7.

370

4004.1.3 Explosion control. Indoor storag'C roon1s, arcas and buildings containing Class 4 liquid or solid oxidizers shall bc provided with explosion control in accordance with Section 91 1.

--

--

4 I

I -

- -

400 As required by the

fire ~ o d 01Tl~idl c

-

1 I I

1

For SI: I Foot = 301.8 mm, 1 pooud = 0.154 k_s a. Any quantity over the amount reqi~iredfor detached storage i n accordancc with Section 2703.8.2; or over the outdoas rnaximu11i:illownhlc cluil~~~ity IOI. outdoor c o ~ ~ t r areas. ol

4004.1.6 Smoke detection. An approvcd s~~pcrviscd smoke dctection systcm in accordancc with Section 907 shall be installed in liquid and solid oxidizer storagc arcas. Activation of the srnokc detection systcm shall sound alocal alas111. Exception: Dctachcd storagc buildings protected by an approved automatic firc-extinguishing sys tern. 4004.1.7 Storage conditions. Thc maximum quantity of oxidizers per building in detached storage buildings shall not cxceed t h o ~ cquantities set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4). The storage configuration for liquid and solid oxidizers shall be as set forth in Tables 4004.1.7(1) through 4004.1.7(4). Class 3 oxidizers shall not be storcd in bascmcnts exccpt when such storage is in stationary tanks. Class 3 and 4 oxidizers in amounts cxcccding the maximum allowable quantity per control arca set forth in Scction 2703.1 shall he stored on the ground floor only. 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

OXIDIZERS

TABLE 4004.1.7(1) STORAGE OF CLASS 1 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS IN COMBUSTIBLE CONTAINERSa -

1 I

-

STOR*GECONF'GURAT!ON.

~~

-~

~

~

~-~~

-

I I

1

.

.

.

1

' 1

~

..

1

1

20 3

1

1 Maximurn _ quantity per building L

No Limit 50

2

-

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--

-

LIMITS (feet)

10 4 8

-

-

-

,

S -

No L ~ n i ~ t

1 foot = 304 8 mm

4004.1.8 Separation of Class 4 oxidizers from other materials. ln addition to the requirements in Section 2703.9.8. Class 4 oxidizer liquids and solids shall b c separated from othcr hazardous ~naterialsby not less than a I-hour fire barrier or stored in hazardous matel.iills slurage cabincts.

For SI: I foot = 304.8 mm. a. Storage in nc~t~cornbustible containers or in bulk in delached storare h~lildi11gs is not limitt.d as I11 quaotity or arrangenlent. TABLE 4004.1.7(2) STORAGE OF CLASS 2 OXIDIZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDSa,b ~. ~ . ~ r ~ . -- ~

!

1

For S1

No Linit -

-

1

.A

-

No Limit

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-- . .

-

-

STORAGE CONFIGLJRA~JOE

1-- -- 1 1 P~lt.\ i I hl~~xtrnurn length 1 i Mdx~rrliin~ w~dth I 1 Maxlmun~he~ght h l ~ n ~ ~ nd~stance u m -- lo next - p ~ l e- _ I II quanuty pel> U I ,~II,~ _- _ --

I!

~

I

!

-

~

~

I

-

i

1 M,.~xlniurn ,. quantitv,.-~.per. pile . ~

< - - -

-

--

LIMITS (feet) -..--

_

Piles Maximuni length i Maximurn width 1 Maxinlum height j Minimum dista~~ce to ncxt pile I Minimum distance to walls _-. ~

-

!

.

~

,---

TABLE 4004.1.7(4) STORAGE OF CLASS 4 OXlDlZER LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS --

-

I L ~ .

~

L'MlTS [-cutoff

- .

1 Segregated ' storage

,..

.

'

I - ...~ -~ i

Detached diflg- 1

-~

-

1

~~

SO

-~~

~

hy l,-hour tire b a ~ ~ i e r s . ( I . Aivlz wicltt~shall n o t be less than thc pilo

1

1-

~

~

4004.1.9 Contamination. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall not be storcd on o r against combustible surfaccs. Liquid and solid oxidizers shall bc stored in a manner to prcvcnt contamination.

/

/

Maximt1111width If5 feet 25 feet j 25 feel ' Maximum height I IORet 1 1 2 f e e t j I2Sect ;I Minirnum disk~nc?to nexl pilei Note d Note d ! Notc d i Ivlini~umdisti!~ice Lo ~walls --1_~-.2L$e! j 2 x ~ ~ t L f c c i i i Mini~narnquitniily. pcr pile ~ -~lllr!>ps ~ ~ ~ ~!?~is-L . 200 . ion\ ~ I~ 4 1 Masin~umqt~anlityper building j .200.-tons -.-I i500 tons11. No .Limit~ ~1 I'ol S1: I Soot = 303.8 Inm, I ton = 0.907 1 S5 nlelslc toll. a. Storage In n~~ncrrmbu~tible ~ontainersis not limited as io quiintity nr arrsngen~ent,exicpl that piles sh;11l be at least 7 feet fro111w;~llsin spl-i~~hlc~edhuildings a11d4feet fro111 walls in noosptinklel-cdbuildings; the distance hetbvcen piles lc quantit) per control area indicatcd in T ~ b l c2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordance bith Sections 2701.2703,2704 and t h ~ s chapter 4404.2.1 General. Outdoor storagc ofwatcr-rcactive solicls and liquids shall be within tanks or closcd water-tight con381

WATER-REACTIVE SOLIDS AND LlQUlDS

taincrs and shall bc in accordance with Sections 4404.2.2 through 4404.2.5.

4404.2.2 Class 3 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall not be within 75 icct (22 860 ~ n m of ) buildings, lot lines, p~tblicstreets. public alleys, public ways or means of cgress. 4404.2.3 Class 2 distance to exposures. Outdoor storage of Class 7, water-reactixle solids and licluids shall not be within 20 Sect (6096 mm) of buildings. lot lines,public streets. public alleys, public ways or means of egress. A 2-hour fire barrier wall without openings or penetrations, and extending not lcss than 30 inchcs (762 mm) a b w e and to the sides of the storage area, is allowed in lieu of such distance. The wall shall cither be an indcpendeut structure, or the exterior wall of the building adjacent to the storage area. 4404.2.4 Storage conditions. Class 3 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 500 cubic feet (14 m"). Class 2 water-reactive solids and liquids shall be limited to piles not greater than 1,000 cubic feet (28 rn'). Aislc widlhs betwecn piles shall not be less than one-half the height of the pile or 10 feet (3048 mm), whichcver is greater. 4404.2.5 Containment. Secondary containment shall be providcd in accordancc with the provisions of Scction 2704.2.2.

SECTION 4405

USE 4405.1 Gcneral. Thc use of water-reactive solids and liquids in amounts excced~ngthe maximum allowable quantity per control area indicated in Tablc 2703.1.1(1) or 2703.1.1(3) shall be in accordancc with Scctioils 2701,2703,2705 and this chapter.


REFERENCED STANDARDS This chaptcr lists the standards that are rcfcrenccd in various sections of this docu~ncnt.The standar-(1sarc listcd hcrcin by thc promulgating agency of thc standard, the standard identification, the effective date and title, and the section or s e c i i o ~ ~ofs this document that reference thc standard. Thc application of the refel-enced slandnrds shall bc as specified in Section 102.6.

American Association of State Highway -. . and 'rrilnsporlatio~~ Officials treet. Northwesl. #249 Statlda~d rcfcrcnce !l~ll!lI??r

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.

H R 17---2002 --

Rclerenced in code ........Title .. ........... . . . . . . . . . . scctio~i . . ~iunibci... Specificalion fir Highway Ilrid~es,1 7 ~ hEdition 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.2.6

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AFSI

Arcliiteclural Fit11ric Slructures Instit~~le c/o Indus(rial Fa11xic Assuci;~tionIntcl'national 1 X01 County Ro;~dB \Vest Rose\ille. MN 5.5 11.3 ......

Standard rofercmcc ~iuniher ASI--77

Refirenred 111coclc 'Title section numbel. Dcsion and Standard Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.10.2

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Atncrica~~ Pctroleurn Institute 1210 1- Street, Northwest

API St;indard ~.eicrenci: LIIIIIII~C~ Spcc 1 2P---I 1 995 1 ~Rc;~flir~ncd 2000) RP 05 I --( 1907) Sttl653---(7001) RP 752---(2003) RP I 604---( l9')h) RP l(i15-(1906) Std 2000---( 1998) RP 2001--(LOO5) RP 2003~-( IOOS) Puhl 200Y--(1_0021 Std 201 5--(2001 ) KP 2023-i200l j

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Retcrenced in codc section number ............. .......... ..... ........................... Specification for Fiberglass Reinforccd Plastic Tanhs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -3404.2.I .3.1.5

T~!!F

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Publ 2028-( 2002 J Publ 220 I---(2OU3) RP 2350-(2005)

Cathndic Prcllection of Aboveground Petrvlcu~nStorage Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7, 3406.7.1 'Tank Itispeetion, Repair, .\Iteration a ~ Reco~~struction ~ d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406.7 h.lanagenlent of Haznrds Associated with Localion o l Pi-ocess Plant Buildings, CX4A Managc~sGuide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.7 Closurt oFl!~idcrgrtii~ndPctrolcurn Sloragc 'Ihl~lis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-104.2.13 Inst,lllntion of Undcr~roundPetroleum Storage Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.2.13.1.5,3406.7 Venting Atmtisphcre and Low Pressur-eStorage Tanks: Nonrefrigcmted and RcTrigcl-;rted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340-1.1.7.3.6 Fire Prnlcetion in Rcfincries, 8'"Edition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7 Protectil~nAg:~instIgnrlions A r i j i ~ ~out g of Static, Liphtcoing. and Stray Cul~cnts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406.7 Saie Wclding and Cutting Practices in Refineries, Gas Plantsand Pefrochemical Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,340i1.7 Safe Entry and Clearing of Petmleum Stori~gi.Tanl~s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7, 34Oh.7.2 Guide fur Safe Stomgc and Handling (if Hcnlcd Pct~.olruni-DcrivedAsphall Products and Crude-oil Kesidut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3406.7,3406.7,3 Flame Arrestors in Pipin2 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340-1.2.7.3.2 Procedures Cor CVeldirtg or Hot Tipping on Eyuipn~cntin Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7 Ovcrlill Protcclion I'or Stomye % n k s in Petroleum l;'acilitics, 3rd Editio~l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3404.2.7.5.8, 3406.4.6. 3406.7

ASME

The An~ericanSociety of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue Nc\v York. NY 10016-5990.. . .-

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Rckrcnced in codc Title szcti(1n number Schernc Ihr th; Idenlification of Piping Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2609.3, 2703.2.2.1, 301!?.4.2, 320.3.4.5, 3403.5.1S:rlc.ly Code for Ele~atorsand Esi.alntors--with AI7.l;i-2004 Addenda and ,417. IS Supplcmenl. . . . . . . . . . . . ,607.1, 1007.4


383

REFERENCED STANDARDS

ASME--continued Safety Code for Existing Fevators and Escalators-with A1 7.3-2000 Addenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .007.1 S;~fetyStandard fix. P1:rtforrn Lifts and Stairway Chair I.,ifts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,004.2.6

A 17.3--2002 A 18.1--2003 I3 1 ti. 18--200 1 R 16.22~-200 1 R3 I .3--2002 R? I .9-90 BPVC-200 I

Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joiui Pressure Fiuings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,909.13.1 Wmughl Copper and Copper Alloy Solder-joint Pressure Fittings-with B 16.3-2a-1998Addenda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000.13.1 Process Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2209.5.4.3,I , 2703.3-2.2 Building Services Piping Code for P1.cssicre Piping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3403.6.2.1,3403.6.3, 3303.h. I I ASME Roilcr and Prcssure Vessel Code, 2001 Cditioti of (Sections 1; 11, IV, V &VI, V1TT) . . . . . . . . .2209.5.4.2>3003.2,1003.3.2, 3203.4.3, 3203.8, 3204.4.1, 3204.5. :3404.2.13.1.5

XSTM International LOO Barr Harhor Drive PA 19428-2959 West Co~~shohockeii,

ASTM

~

I~UIT~~W ~

~

~~

Refercnccd ill codc Title ~ul!~hcr .................. ........ ..... ..... ....... . . . se~tioll . Specification for Seamless Copper Pipe; Sl;lndard Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,900.13.1 Specification for Scanlless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,900.13.I Specification for Senrnless Coppcr Tube, Bright Annealed Spczifieation Ibr Scanless Copper Water Tube. . . . . . . . . Speeilication for General Requirenieiits fbr Mrrought Seailllcss Copper and Copper-alloy Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .000.13.1 Specification ibr Sean~lessCopper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Picld Sel-vice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.13.1 Test Melhod for Flash Point by Taig Closed Tester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3402.1 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products al Atruospheric Press~lre.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,1702.1 Test hlethod for Fl:lsh and Fire Points bj. Clevelanrl Open Cup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3401.2, 3402.1 Tcst Method for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Up Tester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Test Mcthod for Vapor Pressure of Petroleu~nProducts (Reid Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2702.1 Test Methods for Flash Point ~ i l ~ i q u i by d s Small Scale Closcd-cup Apparatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3402.1 Test Method for Si~rfi~ce Burning Charactcl-istics of Builtling Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.1, 803.1 . I , 803.1.2, X03..5.1, 803.7.3, S04.l. 804.2.4, Test Method for Co~~ccntration Limits ofr:Ianmnlability of C:he~nicals(Vapors and Gascs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3502.1 Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Srnol;e Release Rates Ibr Materials and Products Usinp an Oxygen Consumption Calorirnetcr Test Method fr)r Determining ERects of Large I-lydrocarbon Pool Fires on Structural Me~ubersaild Assen~blies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3404.1-.9.1.3 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upliolslercd Furniture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X05.1.1.2.S05.2.1.2. 805..ce JVashington. DC 20402-9325

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Refc~.enccd i n code numl3cr . section . -

-

S h i n u i n.~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.8

Consumer Product Safcty Corninission 4330 East Wesl Migh\~ay Bcthesda, MD 208 14 ... ................ Staritlard rel'crcncc nunlher

Title

16 CFR P:trt 15110 4l---l9X4 16 CPR Pall 1500.42-10S1 16 CPR Part l s ~ ~ o , 4 4 - ~ 2 Il l ~ l I6 CPR P:il.t 15011---I')S1 I0 CPR P:III 1507---200 1

~

.....

. . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rd'crcr~ccd in codc hcction nurnhcl-

~

Method l'or Testing Primary Irritimt Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202 Tcst h r Eye Irritants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202 Metl~odfix Testing Fi',-itl.c~~~cly Flun~inableand Flan~mahlcSolids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3h02.1 liazardous Substances and :\rticles; Administration and Enforcement Regul;~~ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3301 1.3. 3.102. I Fireworlcs Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..33Ol .I 3. 3302.1

U.S. Deparl~llcntof Colnrnercc 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 3160 Gaithersburg, MD 20899

S~aniiartl rcferc~rcc n~rn~her . . ~. 16 CFK Pal-t 1612-- 1999 ~

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Rc9'crsnced in code . hcciioli . . . . . .11unlher

Standard for the Flarnniabili~yof klat~rcss:md hlattrcss Pads (FF 4--72, .\mended) . . . . . . . . . X05.1.2. 1, 805.2.2. 1. 805.3.2.I


385


17,s. Department of Labor C/OSiiperintendent of Documents U.S. Govemnlent Printing 0 f i . c ~ Washington, DC..20402-9325 .

DOL

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Standard refc~~encc ["!"!b~.~ . . . . . . 29 CFR Part 1910.1000--- 1974 39 (YFR Pall

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Air Conlaminaots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 204.2.1, 2702.1

U.S. Department of Transportation Oftice oiHazardous hfatcrial Standards 400 7" Sucet, Southwest U'ashington, DC 20590~.............. ...

DOTn

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Standard rcfcrcncc nurn!?~

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33 CFR Part 154--1998 33 CFR Part I55 -1998 33 CFR Par1 156 -1998 49 CFK-1998 49 CFR Pnrt 1-1999 49 CFR Pa11 172-1999

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Oil and H,vardous klaterial Transfer Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3406,s Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,2005.1, 3302. I 'Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32l13.4.3.3203.8 13azard(>ush4ateri;lls Tahlcs, Special Provisions, Hazardous Ma1cri:lls Communicatiol~s, Emcqency Response Int'orn~dtiot~ and Training Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3304.6.5.2 Shippers - Gcncl-a1Requi~e~nents for Shipn~entsand Pack;igings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..33O6.3 Shippers G e n e r a l Requirc~uentsTor Shipments andpackagings: Class 8 - Assignment of Packing Gnlup. . . . . . . . . 3 102.1 Hazi~rdousMatcrials Regillations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.2, 3301 . I ; 3301.1.3, 3301 .3, 3406.5.1 .I 5

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U.S. Department oSTreasury C/OSupcrintendrnt of Docuruents 1J.S.Government Printing Oflice Washington. DC 20403-9325 ......... .......

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in ;cctjon n~ln!4tlr

Co~nrnercein Explosives, as amended thrnogh April I , 199s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1. 3304.6.5.2

International Code Couocil, Inc. 5203 Lcesburg Pike, Suite 600 F:rlls Church, VA 2204 1

ICC Stand:~ld reference nulnbcl-.. .......... ..... ICC/ANSI A1 17.I--().? ICC 300-02 LCC EC --06

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Oil or Hazal-dous Material Pollution Prevention Regulations for Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.8

49 CFR Pall 173.137--I 990 4 W F R Parh 100-1 78-1 994

Standard reference rlurnher .......... 27 CFR Part 55-1008

Titltr

Rcfcrenccd in code ................................... section numbcr

Facilities Transfel-ringOil or Hazardous Material i n Bulli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.8

19 (?FR Pnrt I 73--- I909

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Kefercnccti in codc \cctii)!~~numhcr

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Referenced in code -Title ................ ... ......... ... ............... section 11usb5r Accessible and Usahlc Buildings and Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1.4, 1007.6.5. 1010.1, 1010.0.5. 1010.9, 101 1.3 Standanl on Blcachcrs, Folding and Telescopic Seating and Grandstands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l025.1.1 ICC Glcct~.icalC~ode".. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,603.1.3. 603.1.7, 603.5.2.604.2.16.1. 604.2.16.2, (~05.1,605.3, 605.4, 605.9,606.16, 904..:.1, 907.6, 909.1 I , 909.12.1, 909.16.3. I I06.3.1, 1204.2.3,Table 1304.l. 140:4.7, 1503.2.l. 1503.2.l.1, 1503.2.l.4, 1503.2.5, 1504.6.1.2.2, 1504.9.4, 1604.5. 1703.2.1, lS03.7.1, 1803.7.2, 1803.7.3, 1903.4. 2004.1, 2201.5, 2205.4, 2708.8.1.2.4, 2200.2.3, 221 1.3.1,221 1.8.1.2.4.2403.12.6.1, 2404.15.7, 2606.4, 2703.7.3, 2703.8.7.1, 2703.9.4, 2701.7. 2705.1.5,3003.7.6, 3003.8, 3003.16.1 1, 3003.16.13, 3203.7, 3203.7.2, 3403.1 ,Tahlc 3403.1.1, 3403.1.3, 3404.2.8.12. 3404.2.8.17, 3406.2.8,3503.1.5, 3503.1.5.1. 3606.5.5, 36i16.5.6, Y704.2.2.K .

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ICC-continued Intcroalional Ruilditig Coden'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3, 102.4, 201.3, 202. :10441.3,306.I, 31 I .I .I, 3 1 l .i,3 13.1, 3 13.2, 408.7.2. 504. I . 509.1, 603.2. 603.3.2. 603.5.2.603.6.1, 601.5.6041. 603.2.'). 604.2.15.l.3. 604.2.16,604.2.16.1.1, 604.2.17, 608.4, 608.8, 701.1, X03.I.T;1ble80:3.3. 803.7.1, 803.7.2, 805.3.1.2, 807.1.2, 807.4.2.2,901.4.1, 91)1.4.2,903.2.4.2,903.2.8.l,903.2.9. 903.3.2; 4)03.3.5.2. 903.6,907.2.6.2,!!07.2.7, 907.2.12, 907.2.18, 907.2.21, 007.15. 909.1,909.2,909.3,009.4.3,9!)9.5,900.5.2,909.5.2.1. 909.10.5, 91 1.2,914.1.914.2.1, 914.3.1,914.5.3,914.10,100:1.2, 1003.3.4. 1003.5, 1006.3, 1007.2. 1007.4, 1007.5, 1007.6.2, 1007.X, 1008.1.3.3. 10O8.1.6. IOOX. I .X. I , 1008.1.8.7, 1000.10. 1000.11.1, 1010.1, 1011.4, 1011.5.3, 1012.1, 1013.1, 1014.4.l.Tnhle 1016.1, 1017.1,Tablc1017.1,~~ablc1019.2. 1020.1, 1010.1.1. 1020.1.2. 1020.1.3, 1020.1.4, 1020.1.7. 1021.3, 1021.4. 1021.5, 1012.2: 102?.3,1024.3, 1026.1, 1027.5, 1027.17. 1027.17.1,Table 1027.17.2, 1104.6, 1106.17, 1107.1, 1107.4, 1203.3.1207.1. 1414.l, 1502.1. 1504.2. 1504.3.l, 1504.T2.6, 1504.3.3, 1505.2, 1501.1, 1801.4. 1803.2.2. 1803.3.1: 1803.3.2, 1803.3.3, lX03.3.4. 180.3.3.8. IX03.14, lXO3.14.1, 1803.15.l. 1804.3.1 1805.2.2.1, 1805.2.3.2, 1805.3.1, 1805.34.2, 1805.3.:1, 1003.I , 2005.1. 2009.2. 2009.4. 2009.6, 2201 . I , 2201.4, 2203.1, 2207.4, 2208.2, 2208.3. I.Tallle 2209.3.1, 2209.3.2.3, 2209.3.2.6.1, 2209.3.3, 2210.1, 221 1.1, 221 1 . 31, 221 1.4.1. 221 1.8.1.2.3, 2301.3, T:~hle2::06.2,2306.3.1, 2306.3.2.1. 2306.3.2.2, 2306.8. 2307.2,2308.3, 2402.1. 2403.8.2. 2404.1. 2503.1, 2701.2.2.2, 2703.2.8. 2703.8.1,Tablc 2703.8.2, 2703.8.3.1, 2703.8.4.1. 2793.9.4). 2704.13. 2705.2. 2705.3.'), 2801. I . 2904.3, 2904.4, 2904.5. 3003.16.l, 3003.16.2. 3203.1.2, 3203.5.2,3204.2, 3204.7.2.2, 3204.4.3,3205.4.1,3304.2, Table 3304.5.2.3, 3305.5, 3401.3, 3404.2.7.7. 3404.2.8.1, 3404.2.8.2. 3404.1.9.2. 3404.2.9.3, 9404.3.3.5. 3404.3.7.1. 3404.3.X, 3405.3.4. 3405.3.5.3. 3405.3.7.1. 3405.3.7.2, 3405.3.7.3, .?405.3.7.4. 3405.3.7.5.1,3406.2.3. 3406.4.1,3606.2.2.3606.2.3, 3606.1.2, 3703.1.4.2, 3705.3.1, 3S00.1 1.2. 3c)OJI.2. A004.1.2, L10,l.I. 1, 4106.1.1, 4304.1 1nIern;ttiorial Fuel Gas Code" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,201.3, 603.1. 603.1.2, 603.5.2. 603.8. 1103.1. IJ03.3, l604.5. 2lI)l.l. 2103.1, 3104.1, 2104.1, 2201.1,221)1.6,2209.3.2.3, 2209.3.2.6, 2403.15.1, 2404.15.2, 2404.16. I. Table 2703.1.1(1),3001.1. 3501.1.3503.l.4. 3803.1, 3S03.2.1.7, 3803..3 Inlernatioual Mechanical code^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 1.3. 702, 308.3.7, 603.1, 603.1.2,603.2, 603.3. 603.5.2. 603.S,606. I. 606.2. 606.3. 606.4. 606.7. 606.8. 606.16. hOX.(i.I . 609. I. 903.2.12.1. 904.1 1. 909.1. 000.10,2.

I~~trrnationnl P1.operly Maintenance Code" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1 1.1 Inte1'11ationa1 Residential Code ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,202. I 001 .I lntert~~liorfiil Wildlluld-Urban Interklcz CodeTM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1.2

IPMC-~-06 IRC4)C

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IWUIC---(I6

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Inlrrn:~tinnalOrgnnizalion for Slandardi~atior~ (ISO) IS0 Central Srcrclariwr

Stantlard reference ~iu!uhcr .IS0 8 1 15-~-86 ~

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Rclercnced in code Titie . . . _ _ . . . . . ~..-~ _ ~~. - .~ ~. scctiur~ - .~ nnlnher Co~tc)nDales---Di~nensio~~s and Dcnsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1804.2.I. l'ahlc 2703.1( 1 )

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National Elccuical Manufacturer's i2ssociation I300 N. 17th Streel Suite 1x47

NEMA

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22x,L1

..~SS~,,.

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RcFc~.cnicd in code Title. . .-_ . . . . .- . . .. _ _ ._ . . - - . . sct:~rin~riinibcr .~ B!~closuresfor Elcclric;~lEquiprndnt ( 1.000 Volt Marimom). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3705.2

NFPA

National Fire Protection Aasoiintio~l Uattcrymarch Park Quincv, . . MA 02269 .-~

Standard rdbrcncc "!""h~, 250--2003

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Refcrenccd In codc -. ~ . . . . . - . ..~ .~~ ..- -. ~. . scction nimlher Po~ti~hlr Fire 13xtinyuishcrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 901.6.1,006.2,906.3.1;1blc 906.311 ). Tahlc 906.3(?),2106.3 Low-, Mediu~n-.Hiph-eup;lnsion Foam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .')04.7, 3404.2.9.1.3 MeCliilll~-and High-expansitl~~ Foam Systerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,904.7, 3404.2.9.1.2 Carbon Dioxide Extingi~ishingSystcnls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17:lhlc901 .h. I , 904.8, 904.1 I tlnlc~n1101 Fire Fxtin:ri~ishillgSystenls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tiible 901 A.1. 904.9

2006 INTERNATtONAL FIRE CODE@

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NFPA-continued Installatinn ol' Sprinkler Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . Tablc 704.1.903.3.1 . 1. 903.3.2. 903.3.5.1.I, 903.3.5.2. 903.1 1.905.3.4, 007.9. 2301 .I, 2304.2. Tahle 2306.2, 2306.9. 2307.2, 2307.2. 1 . 2308.2.2, 2308.2.2. I . 2310.1. 2501 . 1. 2804.1,2806.5.7,3404.3.3.9. Table 3404.3.6.3(7), 3.iO4.3.7.5,I . 3404.3.8.4 Installation of Sprinkler Systenls in One- and Two-family Dwellings and Ma~~ul'acturctl Hornes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..903.3.1.3, 903.3.5.1.1 Ins(al1atioi1o l Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to 2nd Including Four Stories in Height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.1.2. Y03.3.5.1.1.~103.3.5.1.2.903.4 Insta!lation of Standpipe and Hose Systcms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.2. 905.3.4. 905.4.2. 905.8 Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Pt.otection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.1.3 Installation of Foam-water Sprinkler and Foarn-water Spray Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.7. 904.1 1 Dry Cheliiical Exti~~guishing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 901.h.l. 004.0. 904.1 I Wet Chctnical Extinguishing Syste~ns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table OOl .&I. 904.5. 004.1 1 lustallation of Stationary Punlps for Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9l?. 1.9 13.2. 01 3.5. I Water Tanks for Private Fire Protectioi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.? Installation of Privalc Fire Service Mains and their Appurtenances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.1. 1909.5 Inspection. 'Testing :~ndMaintenance ot' Wi~tcr-hasedFire Protection Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.3. Tahlr YO1 .0. I . 904.7.l,912.6, 913.5, Flammable and Cornhustible Liquids Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.6.2. .3403.6.2.1.3404.2.7. .i404.2.7.1, 3404.2.7.2.3404.2.7.3.0,3404.2.7.4, 3404.2.7.6, 3404.2.7.7, -7404.2.7.8, 3404.2.7.9,3404.2.9.2,3404.2.9.3, 3404.2.9.5.1.1,3404.2,9.5.1.2, .3404.2.9.5.1.3. 3404.2.9.5.1.4, 3404.2.9.5.l.5. 3404.2.9.5.2,3404.2.9.0.4,3404.2.10.2.3404.2.1 1.4, 3404.2.1 1.5.2, 3404.2.12.1, 3404.3.1.3404.3.6, 3404.3.7.2.3,3404.3.7.5.l, 3404.3.8.4. 3406.8.3 Code for Motor Fuel-dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.4. 2201 .5. 2201.6.2206.h.3. 2210.1 M;~nal'r~cture and Storage of Aerosol Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2801 . I . 2803.l.2804.1. Tablc 2804.3. I . Table 2804.3.2. Table 2804.3.2.2, 2804.4. I . 2804.5.2, 2804.6, Tablc 2806.2, 280(1.2.3, 2806.3.2, 'Tahle 2806.4, 2806.5.l, 2806.5.6; 2807.1 111stallationof Oil-huriiing Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.1.7. 603..3. I . 603.3.3 Dry CLeaning Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l207. I 1207.3 Spray Application Using Flarnnlable or Combustihlc Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.3.2 Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flamnlahle or Con~bustihlcLiquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505..1. 1505.4.1.l Manufacture of Organic Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2001.3.20~ . )5.4 Stolxgc and Handling of Cellulosc Nitratc Film. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.2 Dssign and Installation of Osygen-fuel Gas Systems for Weltlh~s.Cutting and ,2 llied Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2601 .5. 2007.I 2609.1 Acetyleile Cylinder Chnrgil~gPlanth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2(X18.1 Compressed Natural (;as (CNG) Vehicular Fuel System Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3001 . 1 Standard Cor the Storage. Usc and Handling of Cnmprcssed G;lses and Cyliildcrs and Xulks . . . . . . . . . . .2209.2.1. 320 1.1. 3. 501 .I. 4001 .1 Cryogenic Fluids in Portahle and Stalionery Cn~~tainers Liquefied Natural Gas (LPG) Vehicular Fuel System Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 . 1.1 Liqticticd Petroleum Gas Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3801 .I. 3803.1. 3803.2.1, 3803.2.l.2.3803.2.1.7. 3803.2.2. 3804.1. 3804.3.1, 3804.4,3806.2, 3806.3, 3807.2. 3808.1. 3808.1, 3X09.l I .2. 381 1.3 Produclion. Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas tlIeI304 . I Flaine Effects Befot-e an Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.6 Chirntleys, Fireplaces. Venls and Solid Fuel-Ru~.ningAppliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .h03.2 Fire Protection of Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 1.1.2308.4.1-3 10.1. 2501.1. 3404.3.3.9 Safeguarding Constructiol~.Alteratio~l. and Demolition Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401.1 System for Cigarette Jgnition Resistatlce of Methods of Tests and Cla~~ilicatio~l Components of Llphoisterrd Furniturc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X O i . I . l . I , 805.2.1.1. 805.3.1. 1

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.



N F P A - continued Mcthnrl of Test for Deter~iiiningResistaucc of Mock-up Upholstered Furl~iture h'lakrial Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .X05.11. 1. SO5.3 .I .1 Metllorl of Firc Tests for Evalua~ingRoom File Growth Contribution o l Textile MraII Coverings in Full Heisht Pancis and Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.5.1. 803.5.1.1. R03.5.I .?_ Standard Method ot Fire 'rests for Evaluating Contribution or Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to Roonl Fire Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.1, 803.1.?, SO3. I .2. I . 80.1.5.1 Firc Protcction Stanrlartl for Mar~nasand Noatyards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.3.7 Ta111llc Vel~iclehIhr Flalnlnable and Co~nhustihleLiquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5. 3.1.nh.6, 3406.6.1 Aircraft Fuel Servicitig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I 106.2. I 106.3 Aircraf I-lungars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14.8.2.914.8.5 Storage of Liquid and Solid Oxidizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4004. 1.4 Conlbustiblc Metal&. niletal Powders. and Metal Dusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .zll)lc 1304.1 Storage of Ammoniunl Nitra1.e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .I .5

Sai'e Havens and hiterchange Lots for Vehicles Trnnspo~iingExplosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 1.1 ?Po~veredIndut~-ialTrucks. Iticluding Type Designations. Areas of Ilsc. Mailitennn~.e.and Operalion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.7.3 Prevention c ~ Fire f and Dust Explosions from thc Mn~iohcturing. Processing aud Handling o r Conllntstible Parliculale Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1.301.1 PI-eventionof Solfur Fires and Expltlsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1304.1 Rc\~entionot'Fires and Explosions in Wood P1,ocessing a r ~ d M o o t l w o r k F:~cilities i~~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 1304.1. 1905.3 blethods of Fire Tcsts Tor Flame-propagz~tiot~ of'rexti!es and Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .806.2. 807. I 807.1.2. X07.2, SO7.4.2.1_.1703.5 Firc Retardarlt Impregnated \Vood and Fire Retardant Coatings for Building Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X [ 13.4 Identitication of the Hazards of klaterials [or Emergency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.7. 1802. I . 2404.3. 2703.2.1.1. 270?.2.3.2.2703.5,2703.10.2. 2705.1.10, 2705.2.1.1, 2705.4.4, 3203.d. 1. 3404.2.3.1 Watcr Mist Fire Protect~onSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tahlc 'jOl.6.1 Model Rocltrtry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ~ 7 0I . I .4 L;ircart)rhsDisplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.l, 3304.2. 3308.1. 330X.2.2. 3308.5. 3308.6 Manuf:lcti~re.Transportation. Stor.13~ . and Retail Sales of Fii-cworks and Pyrol~'chllicr l r l i ~ l .e .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3302.1.1304. 2. .i305. I. 3305..3.3305.4. 3105.5 Munuljc~ureot' Model Rocket and Hijh Power Rocket Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11111.1 4 L!se of Pyrotechnics Before a Proximate Audiet~ce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.2. 3305.1. .330S. I . 3308.2.2. 3308.4. 3308.5 lHigh Power Rocketry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 . I .4 Clcnn Aceot Fire Extinzuishinc Systenls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table 90 1 .6. 1 904.10

.

.

UnderuI-itcrs Laboratories, Inc. 333 Plinysten Ro;!d Northbrook. 11.601162 ..................... .......

.......

. -

. . . . . . . . . .

.......

. -

...

. . .

- ......

. . . . . . . .

Ilcfcrenccd in code 5cctiol1 nunlhc!' .T :!i ............... ........................ Metill Sal'ety Cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705 . I . 10, 3405.2.4 Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable and Coinbustible Liyuidswith Rcvisio~~s ~hroughJuly 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..3404.2.13.1.5 Outline (IT Inve\tiptiol~for Fire Testing of Sprinklers and Water Spray Nozzles for P~.oteetionof Deep Fat Fryers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .004. 1 1 .A. 1 Single and Multiple Station Smoke Alanns.--wi~h Revizions through January 1004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10 Contnll Ilnits I'or Fire PI-otccliveSignalitlp Systems.- with Revisions through Oclober 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.?. 6.2 Fire Testing ol' Fire Ext~ng~tishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Arenswith Kcvisions lhrough December 1998 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.1 I Recirculating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904. I 1 Standard for hi~tomaticallyOperated R o o i E n t s for Stnoke and Heal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9lO.3.1 Standard Ibt- Ct~nlrolUnits and Accessories for Fire Al;u~nSystemsw i ~ hRevisions through October 3003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909. 12 Air Filter Ilnits-with Kcvisions through October 1999. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l504.7.8 P1;onrnable Licluid Storage Cdbinets-- with Revisions through blnrch I997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270.3.t(.7.1 . .1404.3.?.1 . 1 Standard lor Safety for Mctol Wastc Papcr Conlainers-wit11 Revisions through Deccmbcr 2003. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80X. I Glass Fibcr Reinforced Plastic Underground Storage Ta111cstor Petroleuln Products. rllcohnls, and i\lcohol-g~~soline hIixtures-. with Revisions Ihroogh April 1996 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.13.1.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

389


UL-continued Standard [or Relocatahle Power'Taps-with Revisions through July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6U7.4.1 Fil-e Tests for-Foamed Plastics Used fur Dccorativ~Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S07.4.2.1. 808.2 Plntccted Aboveground Tanks for Plammohle and Comlx~stibleLiquids-with Revisions through Decemhcr 1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1: 3404.2.9.1.3.340.1.2.0.6.5, 3405.3.X.2 Standard fbr Stationary Enginc Generator Asse~nblics-with Revisions through July 2004. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,604. I. I Solvent Dislil1;ition Units-with Revisions through August 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3405.4.1 Rclow-Ciradc \'z~ults Sor- Fla~runableLiquid Stolxgc Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.X. 1 Fire Tcsts of Storage Pallets---with Kevisio~~s thl.ough May '2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2308.1.1

USC

.......................................

United States Codr: c/o Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office W~shington.DC 20.102-9325

........

~~.

......................................

Standard rehrnicr

n!lmbc!:

Rd'ercnce,d in code

...............

18USC:Parl I, Chapter 40

-Title

-

-

.......

. . . . . . . .

..

.............

scction~i~~w~~cr

In~podation,Manufacture, Distril~uutiooand Storage of Explosi\~cMaterials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,3302. I


APPENDIX A Tlzze provisions contahted in this appendix are izot maizdatoi-y unles~~pecificalljrefereitced in the adoptiikg or-dinance.

BOARD OF APPEALS SECTION Ad Od GENERAL A1O1.l Scope. A board of appeals shall be established u;ithin the jurisdiction for tlie purpose of hearing applications for modification of the requirements of the Ir~tert~ariot~ill Fire Cotlc pursuant lo the provisions of Section 108 of the hternnrional Fire Code. The board shall be established and operated in accordance with this section?and shall be authorized to hear evidence fromappellants and the tire code offtci;ll pertaining to the application andintent ofthis code for the purpose of issuing ordcrs pursuant to thcse provisions. A101.2 Membership. The membership of the board shall consist of fh:e voting members having the qualifications established by this section. Members shnll he nomirxated by the fire code official or the chief administrative officer of the jurisdictiol~,subject to confirmation by a ~najorityvote of the govc1-11ing body. Members shall serve without remuneration or compensation. and shall he removed from oftice prior to the end of their appointed ternis only for cause. A101.2.1 Design professional. One member shall be a practicing design professional registel-ed in the practice of engineering or a~.chitccturein the state in which the board is established. A101.2.2 Fire pi-otertionengineering professional. Onc ~ n e n ~ b shall c r bc a qualified engineer, tcclinologist. tcchnician or safety professional trained in lire protection enginccring, Sire science or fire technology. Qualified rcprcscntativcs in this category shall include tire protection contractors and certitied technicians engaged in fire protection system design. A101.2.3 industrial safety professional. One member shall be a registered industrial 01-chenlical engineer, ccrtificd hygienist, certified safety professional, certified hazardous materials manager or co~nparably qualified specialist experienced in chemical process safety or industrial safcty. A101.2.4 General contractor, One rnclnbcr shall be a cont1-actor rcg~ilarlycngagcd in the construction, alteration: maintenance, repair or remodeling of buildings or building scrvices and systems regulated by the code. A101.2.5 General industry or business representative. Orlz member shall be a representative of business or industry not represented by a mcmbel. from one of the other categories of board members described zlbove. A101.3 'rerins of oflice. Members shall be appointed for ternis of foul years. No nicnibcr shall be reappointed to serve more t h m two con\ccutivc full terms. A101.3.1 Initial appointments. Of the members tirst appointctl. two shall be appointed for a tcrnm of 1 year, two for a term of 2 years, one for a tcrnm of 3 years

A101.3.2 Vacancies. Vacancies shall be fillcd t o r ,In uncxpired term In thc manner in which original appointments ale required to be made. Members appointed to till a vacancy in an unexpired term shall be eligible for rcappolntmen t to two full terms. A101.3.3 Removal from office. Me~nbcrsshall be rcmoved from office prior to the end of their terms only for cause. Continued absence of any mcnibcr from regular meetings of the board shall, at tlie discretion of the applicable governing body, rendel- any such member liable to immediate removal from office.

A101.4 Quorum. Thrce members of thc board shall constitute a quomrn. In varying the application of any provisions of this code or in modifying an order of the firc cvde oficinl, affIr111:ltive votes of the majority present, but not less than three, shall he I-equircd.

A101.5 Secretary of board. The firc code official shall act as secretary of rhe board and shall keep a detailcd rccord of all its proceedings, which shall set forth the reasons for its decisions, c e ~ n e ~ n band c r any failthe vote of each mcmbcr, the a b s e ~ ~o1.a ure of a member to vote. h101.6 Legal counsel. The j~~ristlictionshnll f~~rnisli legal counsel to the board to provide members with general lcgal advice concerning matters before them for considcratio~~. Members shall be represented by legal counsel at the juristiiction's cxpcnse in all nlatterh arising from service within the scope of their duties. A101.7 Meetings. The board shall meet at regular intervals, to be dcterrnined by the cha~rman.111any event, the board shall meet within 10 days after notice of appe'd ha\ been ~ c c c ~ v c d . A101.8 Conflict of interest. Members with a ~nalcrialor financial interest in a matter before thc board shall declare such interest and refrain from participating in discussions, tlelibe1.ntions. and voting on such matters. At01.9 Dtvisions. Every decision sh21ll be promptly filed in writing in the oftlce of the fire code official and shall be open to public inspection. A certified copy shall he sent by mail ol.otherwise to the appellant. and a copy shall hc kept publicly postcd i:i the office of the fire code official for 2 weelss after filing. AI01.BO Procedures. The board shall be operatcrl in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act of thc state in which it is established or shall establish rules and regulations for its own procedure not inconsistent with the provisions of this code and applicable state law.

2006 lNTERNATlONAL FIRE CODE@

APPENDIX

B

FBRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS Tlie provisioizs contuiired irz this appendix are tzot ntarzduto~yurzless specifically referenced in the udoptirzg or-dirrunce.

SECTION %I81 GENERAL B1O1.l Scope. The procedure for determining fire-ilow rcquiruinents for buildings or portions of buildings hereafter corlstructcd shall bc in accordancc with this appendix. This appendix docs not apply to stmcturcs other than buildings.

11104.3Type HA and Type ZB construction. 'The firc-flow calculation area of buildiilgs constructed of Ty11e I A and Type 16 cotlstruction shall be the area of the thrce largest succcssivc floors, Exception: Fire-Bow calculation area for open parking garages shall bc dctermiried by the area of the largest floor.

SECTION 8182 DEFlNlTlONS U102.1 Definitions. For the purpose of this appendix. certain tcrnms are defined as follows: FIRE-PI,OW. The flow rate of a watcr supply, measured at 20 pounds per square inch (psi) (1 38 kPa) residual pressure, that is i~vailablefor fire fighting.

GALCULLLTb'lON AREA. 'loor in scluare feet (m'), used to determine the reqirircd fire flow,

SECTION B103 MODIFICATIONS B103.1 Decreases. The fire chief is authorized to reduce thc fire-flow rcquircnlcnts for isolated buildings or a group of builtlings in rural areas or small coinnlunities whcrc the dcvelopmcnt of full fire-tlow rcquircments is inipractical. B103.2 Incrcascs. The fire chief is authorized to increase the firc-flow rcquircments where conditions indicate an unusual susceptibility to group fires or conflagrations. An increase shall not be more than twice that rcqiiircd for the building under consideration.

R103.3 Areas without water supply systems. For infor~nation regarding watcr supplics for lire-fighting pirrposes in rural and suburl>an areas in which adequate and reliable water supply systems do not exist. the fire code official is authorized to utilizc NFPA 1 141 or the Itrtri.tzatioizn1 Il'iliilm~d-U~-/~~~~z Intcrfi1ce Cotle.

SECTION 8184 FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA B104.1 lc G101.2 shall be used to dctcrlnlne the equivalent amounts of cryogenic fluids in elthcr the liquid or gab phasc. G101.2.1 Use of the table. To use 'Table G 10 1.2, read horizontally across the line of interest. For examplc, to detcr~ n i n the c number of cubic feet of gas contained in 1.O gallon (3.785 Lj of liquid argon, find 1.000in thc column entitled "Volume of Liquid at Normal Boiling Point.' Reading across the line undcr the column entitled "Volume of Gas at 70°F and 1 atmosphere 11.7 psia," the value of 112.45 cubic feet (3.184 m') is found.

GlO1.2.2 Other quantities. IS other quantities ale of interesi, the numbcrs obta~ncdcan be niultiplied or divided tc:, obtaln the quantity of intercct.Forexamplc. todetermine the nnmher of cubic fcct of argon gas contalncd iu a volurnc ot 1.000 gallons (3785 L) of liquid argon at ilr normal boiling I 12.45 by 1.000 to obtain 1 12,450 cublc fczt point, ~n~rltiply (1184 m').


APPENDIX G

.-

TABLE G101.2 WEIGHT AND VOLUME EQUIVALENTS FOR COMMON CRYOGENIC FLUIDS

-

-

I VOLUME OF GAS AT NTP~ ~

~

.~

Liters

0.453

Argon

1

11.628 10.340

I

!:652 1

/

11 Helium

1 /

1 I

j

Hydroger~ ,

1

j I1 Nilroeen

. 1

1

/i 1

2.205 0.156 0.591

1 )

1

1.000 2.205 2.517 9.527 8.281 2.9241 l.000

1

2.205 1.782 6.746 7.245

j

]

1.000 2.205 0.275 1.042 1.034 0.365

1

1

i

2.558 . . I.OOO 2.205 j 0.951 3.600 4.356 1 A11.501 -

1 1

1

1 j 1

i

j 1

1 .

I

1 1

1

1

5.274 4.690

1 i

. i 1

1@6. 0.154 1.000 0.125 0.473 0.460 0.166

0.326 0.718 1.000 3.785 3.366

i

.---.Lc3y1.189 ~

1

~

1 1

1

6.409 14.130 1.000 3.785 3.379

1

i

1

1

1 r

0.454 1.000 1.142 4.321 3.756

!.i?

I

1

i . +

11,454 1.000 0.808 3.060 3.286

.!hO

..I 0.44 1.000 0.321 1.633 1.976 5.217

i

!

. .

1

1

1

1 i

11

-

1

1

1

.

_

..1-,416

~

0.105 0.23 1 0.264 1.000 0.869 0.307.

I I I

.

.

1.052 2.320 1.000 3.785 3.580 1.616 -

0.148 0.327 0.264 1.000 1.074 .

.

_

I

1 1

1

I

. . . K:: :-

'

j

1 i1

-

.

i

iI

0.613 0.264 1.OOO 1.210 0.427

i !

1 I

i

-

-

-

. -

~

5.436 11.984 0.848 3.210 2.832

-

1

0.754 0.861 5.250 2.832

I 1

i.1

~

1

i

..~.. - ~~~

I.O!O. 0.391 0.862 0.697 2.637 2.832

..- ~ ~ ..

I

13.80 30.43 24.60 93.11 100.00 3S.3 1

11

1.000 2.739 6.038 0.754 2.855 2.832 1 .OOO

~

1

-

i

--

I

12.OO 26.62 30.39 1 15.05 100.00

1I

...~--...

1

.

1

~

1I

.

-

191.96 423.20 29.95 113.37 100.00 75.31

1

2.832

I

35.3 1. 96.72 213.23 26.63 100.82 100.00

1

1.693 3.733 0.264 1.000 0.882 0.3 II ...--. ..~ --.--

0.274 0.604 0.841

_

i

1

0.561 1.237 1.000 3.785 4.065

i

-

.

-t. 1 -.

.

1.000 0.992 0.350

1

0.397 0.876 1.OOO 3.785 3.290

1I

0.3 14 0,950 2.1 15

1

9.67 21.32 29.7 1 112.45 100.00

I

- . _

i

8.006 1.000 3.785 3.754 1.326

j

0.454 1.000 0.071 0.268

----

0.086 0.190 0.264 1.000 0.889

1

t

22.968

1

21.812 82.62 100.00 35.31 -

I

I

1

~

'.

~ -I,000 -

~~

~

-~~

0.650 1.434 0.618 2.340 2.832 -1.000 -

1

For SI: I po(uld = 0.-154 kg, I gal1011= 3.785 L, 1 cubic foot = 0.02832 m', "C = [("Fi-32lf1.8, 1 pound per square inch amosphcre = 6.805 kP21. a. Thc valucs listed for liqueiied natural gas (LNG) are "typical" values. LNG is a mlxtitre ofhydrocal.bon ptlses, and 110two 1.NG s1rc;lm.s h:lve cxaclly thc samc ~o~iip~hitio~~.


A ABANDONED PREMISES (see VACANT PREMISES) ABANDONMENT Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.13 ACCEPTANCE TESTING Fire protection system installations . . 901.5, 904.4 Fire pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .913.5.1 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.12.1 Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10.4 Smoke control systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.18 ACCESS, FlRE DEPARTMENT Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.4 Construction and demolition sites . . . . . . . 1410.1 Doors for . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.2, 2305.4, 2306.6.1 Equipment, to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 High-piled storage buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.6 Tire storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2506 ACCESS ROADS, FIRE APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . 503 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.4 Bridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.2.6 Building openings and roofs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 High-piled storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306.6 Lumber yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1903.6,1909.3 Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.4 Tents, canopies, membrane structures . . 2403.8.1 ACCESSIBLE MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . 1007 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Standby power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.5, 604.2.6 ACETYLENE (see WELDING) Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605.4 Generators . . . . . . . . . . Table 91 1.1 , 2605.5, 2608 ADDRESS NUMBER (see PREMISES IDENTIFICATION) ADMlNlSTRATlON Alternative methods and materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9. 501.4 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6.1, 401.2, 408.11.1.1, 603.1.2, 2207 .2. 2208.2, 2401.2, 3406.4.7.1 Approved materials and equipment . . . . . . . 104.7 Board of appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 08.1 Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.11 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Inspections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.6.2, 106 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.2. 105 Right of entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 Unsafe buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 AEROSOL CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 AEROSOL WAREHOUSE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 AEROSOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 28 Classification levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2803.1 Classification of products . . . . . . . . . Table 2803.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 Inside storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804 Manufacturing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2807 Nonsegregated storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .2804.3.1, Table 2804.3.1 Outside storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2805 Permit required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.1 Retail display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2806 Segregated storage . . . . 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2 AGENT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ...... .2903.4,3701.1 AIR-SUPPORTED STRUCTURES (seeTENT) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 AIRCRAFT Defueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5, 1106.1 8 Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 AIRCRAFT OPERATION AREA (AOA) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1102.1 AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES, FlRE PROTECTION FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .914.8 AIRPORT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 AlRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS . . . . 604.2.18, 907.2.12, 907.2.22, 914.8.1 AlSLE ACCESSWAY ..............Table 1025.19.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 AISLE(S) ....................... .308.3.4. 1014.4 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.9 Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.14.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Fixed seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1004.7 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.11.3.9 High-piled combustible storage . . . 2305.4, 2306.9 Obstruction of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.3, 1028.5

INDEX

Tables and seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014.4.3 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.12.5 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.9.5 Travel distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.7 Walking surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I025.1 Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1025.6.2, 1025.6.3, 1025.9.1, 1025.9.2, 1027.20,2306.9.1, 3604.1.2 ALARM . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.2. 907.2.11.I, 1505.9.3, 1803.13.2.1,3704.2.2.10.1 Activations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.3.2 Audible . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.2, Table 907.10.1.3 Coded signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.6.2 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.1, 1803.12.3 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.4.2, 901.5, 901.6 Visible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.3.4 ALARM NOTlFlCATlON APPLIANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM, NUISANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM, SMOKE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALARM VERIFICATION FEATURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB . . . . . . 2701 .I, 3405.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 ALTERATION Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ALTERNATING TREAD DEVICE . . . . . . . . . . .1009.10 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I002.1 ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIREEXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904 ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND METHODS . . 104.9 AMMONIA Diffusion systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12.6 Refrigerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12.3 AMMONIUM NITRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 AMMUNITION, SMALL ARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3306 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Storage and handling . . 105.6.14, 3301.2.1, 3304 AIMUSEMENT BUILDINGS (see SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING) AMUSEMENT PARK BUILDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . 202 (Assembly, Group A-5) ANNUNCIATOR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 APPEALS, BOARD OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.7 412

Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.6 Commercial kitchen hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609 Cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.3 Fuel-fired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603 Heat producing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.6 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.5, 605.10, 3405.3.3 Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.3 Unsafe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.7 APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101.2.1 APPLlCABlLlTY (of the code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 APPROVED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ARC WELDING (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK) [B] AREA OF REFUGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1007.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 ARRAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 ARRAY, CLOSED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 ASH TRAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.6 ASHES, HOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305.2 ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES . . . . . . . . . . . .303, 1417.2 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES (GROUP A) Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1025 Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.2.2 Automatic sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2 Candles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Cellulose nitrate film . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.5, 306 Decorative materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .806, 807 Defined . . . . . . . . . 202 (Occupancy classification) Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 Egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 10 Emergency evacuation drill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Emergency power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.1 Employee training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Evacuation plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Fire alarm systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907 Fire safety plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Furnishings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.4.2 Interior finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 LP-gas installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 38 Motion picture projection rooms . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Obstruction of exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.3 Open-flame devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.7 Open-flames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3 Panic hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 Permits required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.34 Permits required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.35 Portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Posting maximum occupant load . . . . . . . . 1004.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

INDEX

Prohibit smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Pyroxylin-coated fabric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.4 Pyroxylin plastic motion picture film storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Seating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Seating plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.2.1 Standpipe systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 Storage, flammable liquids . . . . . . . . . . 3404.3.4.2 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 24 Vehicles in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18.4 ATRIUM FIRE PROTECTION . . . . . . . .907.2.1 3, 914.4 ATTIC STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 AUDIBLE ALARM NQTlFlCATlON APPLIANCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 AUTOMATIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM (see FlRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS) AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 (Defined) Table 2306.2, Table 2308.3, 2304.4.3 Obstructions to discharge . . . . . . 315.2.1, 903.3.3 Quick response (QR) and residential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.3.2, 906.1 , Table 3404.3.6.3(5) AUTOMATIC SPRlNKLER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1208.2,1414, 1803.10, 1904.3, 2306.4, 2309.2, 4004.1.4 Aerosol warehouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2804.4.1 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.2, 1803.10.5 Basements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.1.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Dip tank operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 05.4 Gas rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4.1 Group A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903. 2.1 Group E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.2 Group F-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '903.2.3 Group H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.4 Group I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.5 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.6 Group R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903. 2.7 Group S-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8 Group S-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.9 High-piled storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.6.1 Hose threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.6 Installation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3 Limited area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5.1 .1 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. . . . . . . . . . . 903.3.1 .1 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . . 903.3.1.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE'

NFPA 13R sprinkler systems . . . . . . . . .903.3.1.2 Pyroxylin plastics . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.4.3, 903.6.1 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8.1 Rubbish and linen chutes . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.10.2 Spray rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 04.4 Water supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5 Windowless stories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.10.1 Woodworking operations . . . . . . . . . . . . 903.2.3.1 Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.9 AUTOMOBlLE UNDERCOATING (see SPRAY FINISHING) AUTOMOTIVE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 22 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 AVERAGE AMBIENT SOUND LEVEL . . . . . .907.10.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..902.1 AVIATION FACILITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 11 (see also AIRCRAFT-RELATED OCCUPANCIES) Cleaning parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.3 Combustible storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1103.6 Dispensing hoses and nozzles . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3 Dispensing of flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1103.5 Fueling and defueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5 Radar equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.21

B BACKFLOW PREVENTION . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5, 912.5 BALCONIES . . . . . . . . . . . 308.3.1, 903.3.1.2.1, 1016.3 BARRICADE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Fire apparatus access road . . . . . . 503.5, 503.5.1 Placement at fire scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1 1.1 BARRICADED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BATTERY CHARGING (see POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS) BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATlONARY LEAD-ACID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.5 Room design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.3 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 BATTERY TYPES-Defined Nickel cadmium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Nonrecombinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Recombinant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Stationary storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Valve-regulated lead acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602.1 Vented (flooded) lead-acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1

INDEX

BIN BOX Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 BLAST AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLAST SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLASTER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLASTING AGENT (see also EXPLOSIVES) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BLEACHERS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 BOILING POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 BOND For ex~losives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.1 For fireworks display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.2 BONDING AND GROUNDING . . . . 1204.2.4, 1206.3.4 Aircraft fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.7.1, 1106.5.2 CNG Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2208.8.1.2.4 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.7.2 Organic coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2004.3 Piping, valves and fittings . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4.7.6 Powdered coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1506.6.4 Roll-coating operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505.11 Underground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1.8 Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.2 BONFIRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.4.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.30, 307.2 BREATHING APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.2 BRIDGES (see ACCESS ROADS, FlRE APPARATUS) BRITISH THERMAL LlNlT (BTU) Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 BUILDING SERVICES AND SYSTEMS . . . . Chapter 6 BUILDINGS Unsafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Vacant (see Vacant premises) BULK OXYGEN SYSTEM . . . . . . : . . . . . . . Chapter 40 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002.1 BULK PLANT OR TERMlNAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 BULK TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 BULLET RESISTANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 BURNING (see OPEN BURNING) BUTANE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)

BUTYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS)

C

.

CABINETS . . . . . . . . .905.7. 906.8. 1105.7.1 3705.3.1 CABINETS, GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.3.5. 1803.10.2. 1803.13.1.3, 2703.8.6, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2, 4106.2.2, 4106.4.1 CANDLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.32. 308. 806.3 CANOPY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM Commercial cooking systems . . . . . . . . . . .904.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CARNIVALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.4.2403.3 CARTON Combustible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2806.5 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CEILING LlMIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CELLLlLOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE FILM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTICS [see PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS] CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 02.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHANGE OF USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 02.3 CHEMICAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CHEMICAL NAME Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CHIMNEYS ....................... .603.2,603.6 Factory-built . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.4 Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.1 Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.2 CHRISTMAS TREE (see DECORATIVE VEGETATION) CHUTES, RUBBISH AND LINEN. . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 CLASSIFICATION Commodity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 Dry cleaning plants and systems . . . . . . . . 1203.2 Dry cleaning solvent or liquid . . . . 1202.1, 1203.1 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . 3402.1 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2701.2 Occupancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Refrigerant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.3 CLEAN AGENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CLEANING Flammable liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.3


INDEX

Grease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11.6.3 Powder coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1506.5.1 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2211.2.1 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.7.2 Tire rebuilding buffing areas . . . . . . . . . . . .2503.3 CLEARANCE Storage to ceiling or sprinklers . . . . . . . 315.2.1, 903.3.3, 3404.3.5.3 CLOSED CONTAINER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.5.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CLOSED SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3.7.6 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CNG MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES . . 2208 COLD DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1906.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, GROUP $3-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.2, Table 405.2, 408.3 COMBUSTIBLE DUST Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 3 02.1 COMBUSTIBLE DUST-PRODUCING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 3 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.6 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 29 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 General precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.7 Portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903.6 COMBUSTlBLE LIQUID . . ,2206,2404.17, Chapter 34 Classified locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.1.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Dispensing. use. mixing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3, 3405.3.8 Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.5 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3401.5 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.4 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.16 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.7 Special operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406 Tank storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2 Waste control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 Wholesale and resale use . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.6 COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE MATERIAL . . . . . .304. 1605 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.2 COMMERCIAL COOKING APPLIANCES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 COMMERCIAL KITCHEN HOODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 COMMODITY Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 COMMON PATH OF EGRESS TRAVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014..3, 1025.8, Table 1027.17.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 COMPRESSED GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 30 Containers, cylinders, tanks . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 Medicalgas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3004 Useand handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3005 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3003.6 COMPRESSED GAS CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 COMPRESSED GAS SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) . . . . . . 3001 . 1 CONFLICTING PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.9 CONSTANTLY ATTENDED LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.4.1. 907.2.7.1 907.2.8.3, 907.2.11. I , 907.2.18.2, 907.2.23, 907.11, 907.12, 909.20.3, 91 3.4, 3404.2.8.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION FIRE SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 14 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05.4 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3, Table 3404.3.6.3(4),3404.4, Table 3404.4.2 CONTAINMENT PALLETS Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . 3404.4.3 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.2.3 CONTAINMENT SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 CONTAINMENT VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM (see GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS) CONTROL AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 COOKING Appliances, commercial, defined . . . . . . . . . 602.1 On balconies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1 Commercial, fire extinguishing systems . . . 904.11 Commercial. hoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609 Commercial, portable fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11.5

.

INDEX

Devices. LP-gas fired. on balconies . . . . 308.3.1.1 Devices. open-flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1 CORRIDOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 CORROSION PROTECTlON Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.1.2.5 Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.1.3.2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.6.5 Tanks and piping. . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.9, 3406.7.1 CORROSIVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3102.1 CORROSIVE MATERIALS Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3104.1 Indoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3105.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3104.2 Outdoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3105.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3103 COTTON, BALED . . . . . . . . . . Table 2703.1.1 (I), 2905 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COTTON, DENSELY PACKED BALED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COTTON, SEED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2903.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2902.1 COVERED MALL BUILDINGS Automatic sprinkler system . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 4.2.1 Emergency planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.11 Emergency voicelalarm communication system . . . . . 907.2.20, 91 4.2.3 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.9 Standby power systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.14 Standpipe system . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.3.3, 91 4.2.2 CROP-RIPENING AND COLORING PROCESSES (see FRUIT AND CROP RIPENING) CRYOGENIC CONTAINER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.5 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.5 CRYOGENIC FLUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 32 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Filling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.4 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.2 Indoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3205.2 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3 Outdoor use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3205.3 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.10 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3203 Underground storage tanks . . . . . . 3204.4, 3204.5

CRYOGENIC VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 CYLINDER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1

19 DANGER, IMMINENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110.2 DAY BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 (Magazine, Type 3) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DECORATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 Exit obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 28.5 DECORATIVE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 DECORATIVE VEGETATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 DEFLAGRATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DELAYED EGRESS LOCKS . . . . 907.2.15, 1008.1.8.6 DELUGE SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 14 DESIGN PRESSURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 DETACHED BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Group H occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.2 Storage . . . . . 3904.1 . l , 4004.1 . l , Table 4004.1.2 DETEARING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 DETECTOR, HEAT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DETONATING CORD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DETONATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3302.1 DETONATOR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DIPTANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 DIPPING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 DISCHARGE, EXlT (see EXlT DISCHARGE) DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL (see RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL) DISCHARGE SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DISPENSING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.5


INDEX

Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203.1 Motor fuel-dispensing operations . . . . . . . . . 2204 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205. 2705 DISPENSING DEVICE. OVERHEAD-TYPE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 DiSPLAY SITE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 DISPLAYS Aerosol products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2806 Cellulose nitrate (pyroxylin) plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.3. 4203.1 Fireworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.11.3306.5 Indoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 Motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4. 2404.1 8 Retail . . . . . . . . . 2701.4. 2806 3301.2.2. 3308.1 1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.1 1.3 DOOR, BALANCED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 DOORS, EXIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008 DORMITORIES (see OCCUPANCY CLASSlFlCATlON GROUP R-2 and COLLEGE AND LlNlVERSlTY BUILDINGS) DRAFT CURTAIN Construction. design and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910.3. 2306.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 DRAINAGE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2003.10.

.

2005.3, 2704.2.2.6, 3405.3.8.1, 3406.2.6, 3406.4.9 DRAINS Dip-tank bottom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1505.3.2 Exhaust duct sprinkler system. . . . . 1803.10.4.4.3 HPlU liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.2.2.2 Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.1 Outdoor cryogenic fluid storage containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3.1.3 Portable containers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3204.3.2.2 DRAPERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.1.1028.5 DRILLING, WELL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3 DRY-CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHING AGENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 DRY CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 12 Classifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 02.1 Requirements. general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204 Requirements. operating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205 Solvent or liquid classifications . . . . . . . . . . 1202.1


Spotting and pretreating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206 Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207 DRY CLEANING PLANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1202.1 DRY CLEANING ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1202.1 DRY CLEANING SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 2 02.1 DRYING APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.6.1.2 DRYlNG OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS) DRYlNG ROOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .914.10 DUCT SMOKE DETECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.12 DUMPSTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3.3 DUST COLLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . .2903.5, 3606.5.3 DUST EXPLOSION HAZARDS . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 13 Explosion venting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903.2.1 DWELLING UNIT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

EARLY SUPPRESSION FAST-RESPONSE SPRINKLER (ESFR) (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS) EGRESS (see MEANS OF EGRESS) ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.14 Dust producing machines . . . . . . . . . . . .3606.5.5 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .609.8 Workstations in HPM facilities . . . . . . . . . 1803.7.2 ELECTROSTATIC APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507 ELECTROSTATIC FLUIDIZED BED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 ELEVATOR RECALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL STATION . . . . . . . . .1803.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 EMERGENCY ESCAPE AND RESCUE OPENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EMERGENCY EVACUATlON DRILL . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .402.1 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.5.4 EMERGENCY PLANNING AND PREPAREDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 4 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 EMERGENCY RELIEF VENTING . . . . . . . .2206.6.2.5, 3404.2.7.4

INDEX

EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE . . . . . . . . . . .2207.5.1, 2703.2.2.1, 3203.4.6, 3205.3.2, 3503.1.3, 4003.1.2, 4103.1 .1 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, AUTOMATIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.2.2.2206.7.4 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY SHUTOFF VALVE, MANUAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EMERGENCY VOICEIALARM COMMUNlCATlONS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 2.1 High-rise building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.2.12.2 Special amusement buildings . . . . . . . . 907.2.1 1.3 EMPLOYEE TRAINING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 ENTRY, RIGHT OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 EQUIPMENT, FUELED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 ESCAPE OPENINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 ESFR SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS) ETHYLENE Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606 EVACUATlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.2 EVACUATION DRILLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405.2. Table 405.2 Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405.6 Recall and reentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 05.9 EVACUATION PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 EXCESS FLOW CONTROL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 EXCESS FLOW VALVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 EXHAUSTED ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 EXISTING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 Horizontal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022 Number required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019 Passageways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021 EXIT ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 EXIT AND EXIT ACCESS DOORS . . . . . . . I 0 08.1015 EXIT DISCHARGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 EXIT DISCHARGE, LEVEL OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXIT ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020 418

Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXIT, HORIZONTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1022 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 EXIT PASSAGEWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1021 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 EXPANDED PLASTIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 EXPLOSION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .2702.1 EXPLQSlON CONTROL . . . . . . .911, 2005.4, 2704.6, 2705.2.1.2, 2705.2.2.3, 3404.2.5, 3405.3.7.5.2, 3405.3.7.6.2, 3504.1.1, 3904.1 .10, 4004.1.3, 4304.1.2, 4404.1.6 EXPLOSlVE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . 1407, Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS. . . . . . . . Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 EXTENSlON CORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.5 EXTlNGUlSHERS (see FIRE EXTINGUISHERS, PORTABLE) EXTRA-HIGH-RACK COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2308.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.5.1

FABRICATION AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 05.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.3.1 Electrical wiring and equipment . . . . . . . . 1803.7.1 Existing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1801.4 Gas detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.13.1.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 04.2 FACILITY Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FAIL-SAFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.2.1, 3704.2.2.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.4 FALLOUT AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 FALSE ALARM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FILM, CELLULOSE NITRATE MOTION PICTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Projection rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306.2 FINES (in woodworking operations) (see also VIOLATION PENALTIES) Defined (in woodworking operations) . . . . . 1902.1 Storage and processing (in woodworking operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

INDEX

FINISHED PRODUCTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.6 FlRE ALARM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.4 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 FlRE ALARM BOX (see MANUAL FlRE ALARM BOX) FlRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE ALARM SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE ALARM SYSTEM Annunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.1 .1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Existing buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.20.1! 907.20.5 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.15 Notification appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10 Out of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Power supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.5 Presignal system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.8 Telephone dialing devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.16 Testing . . . . . . . . . 907.2.10.4, 907.20.2, 907.20.5 Where required, new building . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 07.2 Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.9 FIRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 Gates and barricades . . . . . . . . . . . . 503.5, 503.6 Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.4 FIRE AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE CHIEF Authority at fires and other emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.1 1 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE CODE OFFICIAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE COMMAND CENTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FIRE DEPARTMENT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . .907.2.12.3 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTlONS . . .903.3.7,912 FlRE DEPARTMENT MASTER KEY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FIRE DEPARTMENT OPERATIONS . . . . 104.11,401.4 FlRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FlRE DOOR ASSEMBLY Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE DRILL (see EMERGENCY EVACUATION DRILL) FIRE EQUIPMENT, TAMPERlNG WITH . . . . . . . .90 1.8 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 27.16 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE"

FlRE EXIT HARDWARE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. PORTABLE . . . . . . . . . . . 906 Asphalt kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303.5 Aviation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105 Buildings under construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1415 Commercial cooking equipment . . . . . . . 904.11.5 Dry cleaning plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1208.4 Flammable finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.4.1,

1505.4.2, 1506.4.2 Lumber yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1904.2, 1908.8 FlRE EXTlNGUlSWlNG SYSTEMS, ALTERNATIVE ........................... 904 Commercial cooking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.11 Fire alarm system interconnection . . . . . . . 907.14 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.7.5.1,3404.3.8.4 Flammable finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.4,

1505.4.1, 1506.4, 1507.4 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2705.1.8 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.1 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.2 FlRE FIGHTERS Hazardsto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Pitfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 01.3 FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.3 FlRE HYDRANT Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.4 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.15, 105.6.35, 105.7.10 Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.8 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.2,901.5 FIRE INVESTIGATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 04.10 FIRE LANE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 FlRE PARTlTlON Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FlRE POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FIRE PROTECTlON SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 9 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 Nonrequired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.4.2 Out of service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Owner's responsibility during construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1408 Permit . . . . . . 105.7.1)105.7.4, 105.7.5, 105.7.12 FIRE PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.5, 913 FIRE RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.6.3 FIRE, RECREATIONAL (see RECREATIONAL FIRE) FIRE, REPORTING OF UNWANTED . . . . .401.3. 1409 FIRE-RESISTANCE-RATEDCONSTRUCTION . . . 703

FIRE RETARDANT COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803.4 FlRE SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1 4 FIRE SAFETY FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 07.11 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FIRE SERVICE FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5 FIRE, UNWANTED (see UNWANTED FIRE) FlRE WATCH Construction/demolition sites . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.5 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Fire protection impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7 Hot work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2604.2 FIREWORKS (see EXPLOSIVES AND FIREWORKS) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Prohibited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.3 Retail display and sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308.1 1 FIREWORKS DISPLAY Damage from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3301.2.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 FLAME RETARDANT (see also FlRE RETARDANT COATINGS) Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures . . . . . . . 2404.2 FLAMING FOODS AND BEVERAGES . . . . . . . .308.6 FLAMMABLE CRYOGENIC FLUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 FLAMMABLE FINISHES . . . . . . . . .914.7, Chapter 15 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 Dipping operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1505 Electrostatic apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507 Floor surfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1510 Powder coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506 Protection of operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503 Spray finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.7, 1505.7, 1506.7, 1507.7, 1509.6, 1510.5 FLAMMABLE GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 35 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3502.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3503 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406.1, 3504 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1406.1, 3505 FLAMMABLE LIQUEFIED GAS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3502.1 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 34 Buildings under construction or demolition . . 1405 Classified locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Dispensing, use, mixing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.3, 3405.3.8 In construction and demolition operations . . . 1405 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Labeling and signage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3403.5

Motor fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2206 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.4 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.7 Special operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3406 Tank storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2 Tents, air-supported, air-inflated and tensioned membrane structures . . . . . . 2404.1 7 Waste control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 Wholesale and resale use . . . . . . . . . . . . 3404.3.6 FLAMMABLE MATERIAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 FLAMMABLE SOLID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 36 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3602.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3604.1 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3603 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3605 FLAMMABLE VAPOR AREA Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.8.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.2.1 Ignition sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.7, 1505.7 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.7 FLAMMABLE VAPORS OR FUMES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 FLASH POINT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FLEET VEHICLE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.4.2 FLEXIBLE JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . 2206.7.9.1 .4, 3403.6.9 FLOOR AREA, GROSS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FLOOR AREA, NET Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 FLOOR OPENINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 FLUIDIZED BED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 FOAM-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . .904.7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 FOAM PLASTICS . . . . . 803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1, 808.2 FOGGING, THERMAL INSECTICIDAL (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING) FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC SEATING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A002.1 FRUIT AND CROP RlPENlNG . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 16 Ethylenegas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1603 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

INDEX

Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.18 Sources of ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1604 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607 FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 Chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.2, 603.6 Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.5 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.1 FUEL LIMIT SWITCH Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 FUEL OIL STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.3 FUMIGANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 FUMIGATION AND THERMAL lNSECTlClDAL FOGGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 17 Breathing apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703.3.2 Clean up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7 03.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 7 03.3 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.19 Sealing of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703.5 Warning signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.1 Watch personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1703.3.3 FURNACE CLASS A Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .2102.1 FURNACE CLASS B Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNACECLASSC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNACECLASSD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2102.1 FURNlSHlNGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .808 FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 FUSIBLE LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703.2, 904.5.2, 904.6.2, 904.1 1.6.5

G GARAGE (see REPAIR GARAGE) GARAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3811 LPG tank vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 1.3 Tank vehicles for flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.3 GAS CABINET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.6, 3003.7.10, 3006.2.3, 3704.1.2, 4106.2.2, 4106.4.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 GAS DETECTION SYSTEM, CONTINUOUS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802.1 Emergency alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908 HPM gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.13 Ozonegas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3705.3.2 GAS METERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.9 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

GAS- OR LIQUID-FUELED VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4.2404.18 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.26 GAS ROOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4, 3704.2.2.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 GATES, FIRE APPARATUS ROAD . . . . .503.5,503.6 GATES, MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 08.2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 3 GENERATORS Acetylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2608 Ethylene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1606 Portable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2608.2 Stationary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.1. 1 GLASS-FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTICS Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1509.4 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1509.6 GRANDSTAND Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 GUARD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 002.1

H HALOGENATED EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 HAND RUB. ALCOHOL-BASED (see ALCOHOL-BASED HAND RUB) HANDLiNG Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HANDRAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 HANGARS, AIRCRAFT (see AIRCRAFT RELATED OCCUPANCIES) HANGERS, FIRE EXTINGUISHER . . . . . . . . . . .906.7 HARDENING TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 05.9 HARDWARE, EXIT DOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.8 HARDWARE, PANIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 HAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2903.4 Combustible waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.5.2903.4 HAZARD COMMUNlCATlON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement . . 407.5 Hazardous Materials Management Plan . . . 407.6 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Fire-extinguishing systems . . . . .2704.5. 2705.1.8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 27 Identification signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.5 Outdoor control areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.12

INDEX

Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.20 Personnel training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.4 Power systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.10 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2703 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704 Use, dispensing and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 2705 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INVENTORY STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.5,2701.5.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.6,2701.5.1 HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION MATERIAL (HPM) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 HAZARDS TO FIRE FIGHTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 HEALTH HAZARD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HEAT VENTS (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS) HEATERS, PORTABLE ELECTRIC SPACE . . . 6 05.10 HEATERS, PORTABLE UNVENTED . . . . . . . . . .603.4 HEATING EQUIPMENT, TEMPORARY, DURING CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1403 HELIPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 Permit for rooftop heliport . . . . . . . . . . . . 105.6.40 HELISTOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1107 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1102.1 HI-B OY Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303.7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 HIGH-PILED COMBUSTIBLE STORAGE . . Chapter 23 Aisles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306.9 Automated storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2309 Automatic sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . 2306.4, 2309.2 Classifications. commodities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2303 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . .2306, Table 2306.2 Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2305 HIGH-PILED STORAGE AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2304 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.22 HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS Automatic sprinkler system . . 903.2.10.3, 91 4.3.1 Automatic sprinkler system, floor control valves required . . . . . . . . . . 903.4.3 Automatic sprinkler system. secondary water supply required . . . . 903.3.5.2 Emergency evacuation drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Emergency voice/alarm communications system . . . 907.2.12.2, 91 4.3.3 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.12, 91 4.3.2 Fire alarm system zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.9.2 Fire command center . . . . . . . . . . . 509.1. 91 4.3.5 422

Fire department communications system . . . 907.2.12.3. 91 4.3.4 Fire safety and evacuation plans . . . . . . . . . . . 404 Smokeproof exit stairway enclosures . . . 1020.1.7 Standby power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.15 Standpipe system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905.3.1 HIGHLY TOXIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 37 Compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3704 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 Indoor storage and use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3703.1 Outdoor storage and use . . . . . . . . . . . . .3703.2.5 Solids and liquids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3703 HIGHWAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 HISTORIC BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102.5 HOGGED MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1907, 1908 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 02.1 HOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 HOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2207.5.2,2210.3.3 Aircraft fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 Conductive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.5.2.1 Connections for standpipes . . . . 905.3.4.1, 905.4,

905.5, 905.6 Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3, 2206.7.5 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.7, 3406.6.1 .11 System . . . . . . . . . . . . .904.8.4, 904.9.3, 904.10.3 Threads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.6 HOT WORK (see WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.23 HOT WORK AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK EQUIPMENT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK PERMITS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HOT WORK PROGRAM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 HPM FACILITY (see SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY) HPM FLAMMABLE LIQUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 02.1 HPM ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 02.1 HYDRANTS (see FlRE HYDRANT) HYDROGEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3201 . I , 3501 .1 HYDROGEN MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2209 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

INDEX

I IGNITION SOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 IMMEDIATELY DANGEROUS TO LIFE AND HEALTH (IDLH) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.7.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 lNClNERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.8 Room egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.3 INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.9.8, 2703.10.3.6,2703.11.3.7, 2704.2.2.2, 2704.4, 2705.1. I , 3003.7.1, 3404.2.6, 3404.3.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 INDUSTRIAL OVENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 21 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2106 Fuel piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2104 Interlocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2103 Operation and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107 INHABITED BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 INITIATING DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 INSECTICIDAL FOGGING (see FUMIGATION AND THERMAL INSECTlClDAL FOGGING) INSPECTION . . . 104.6.2, 105.2.2,106, 107.2.1, 901.6 Emergency and standby power system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.3.1,604.4 Fire department connections . . . . . . . . . . . .912.6 Fire hydrant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.5.2 Fireworks display . . . . . . . . . . . . 3308.5.3. 3308.9 Hose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609.7 Magazines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3304.9 Masonry chimneys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.6.1 Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.7 INSTITUTIONAL OCCUPANCIES Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FlNlSH AND TRIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .803. 804 lRRlTANT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ISO-BUTANE (see LlQUEFlED PETROLEUM GAS) INVESTIGATIONS, FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 04.10

K KETTLES (see ORGANIC COATINGS OR ASPHALT) KEYBOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506.2 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .506.1 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE @ODE@

LABELED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 LADDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015.3. 1015.4. 1015.6.1, 1019.1.2, 1026.5, 1027.16.6, 3404.1.8.15 LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE) LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEM, VALVE-REGULATED (see BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY STORAGE) LEAKS Compressed gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1 2 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.10 Explosive materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.10 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . . 1106.11.I. 1405.6. 2205.2.3, 2206.7.7.1 3403.3, 3403.6.3.1,3404.2.7.10, 3404.2.11.5,3406.6.1.1 Highly toxic and toxic materials . . . . . .3704.2.2.3. 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.2 LIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103.4 LIMITED SPRAYING SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 LINEN CHUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LP-gas) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 38 Containers not in service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3810 Cooking devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3802.1 Dispensing and overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3806 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3808 Installation of equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3803 Location of containers . . . . . . . 3804. Table 3804.3 Motor fuel-dispensing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . 2207 Parking and garaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3811 Prohibited use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3805 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809 LIQUID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LIQUID- OR GASFUELED VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4.2404.18 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.26 LlQUlD STORAGE ROOM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 LIQUID STORAGE WAREHOUSE . . . . . . . . .3404.3.8 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1

.

423

INDEX

LISTED Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 LOADING RACKS . . . . . . . . . . . 3406.3.8. 3406.5.1 . 12 LONGlTLlDlNAL FLUE SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 LOW-PRESSURE TANK Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 LOWER EXPLOSlVE LIMIT (LEL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 LP-GAS (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) LUMBER YARDS AND WOODWORKING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 19 Access plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 03.7 Emergency plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 08.10 Fire alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1904.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1904 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903 Log storage areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 Open yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 03.1 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.25 Size of piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1907.2, 1908.3 Waste removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1903.3

M MAGAZINE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 MAGNESIUM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3602.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3606.2, 3606.3, 3606.4 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3606.5 MANIFOLDS Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2609.4 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2609.5 Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2609 MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 MANUAL STOCKING METHODS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 MANLIFACTURE OF ORGANIC COATINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 20 MARINE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 0.6 Fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210.4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 0.1

Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1 0.3.3 MARKING (see also PLACARDS, PLACARDING) . . . . . .503.3. 909.14. 2703.5.1 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.2 Cryogenic containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4 Shaftway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.2 Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.2 Treads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.11.3 Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.7.2 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) . . . 2 7 03.4 Aerosols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2801.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 HMlS component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2701.5.2 MATTRESSES (in Group I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE QUANTITY PER CONTROL AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1, Tables 2703.1 .l(1) through 2703.1 1 MEANS OF EGRESS . . . . . Chapter 10, 141 1,2403.12 Accessible means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Bleachers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.1 .1 Buildings under construction or demolition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1 Corridors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7,1027.1 0 1 7 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Egress court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1,1024.5 Elevators, escalators and moving walks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1003.7,1027.2 Emergency escape and rescue . . . . . . . . . . . 1026 Existing buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027 Exitaccess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014 Exit discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025 Exits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013, 1027.6 Handrails . . . . . . 1009.10, 1010.8, 1012, 1025.13 Illumination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006 Locks, latches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.8 Maintenance of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028 Obscuration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.5 Occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1004.9 Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION (see REFRlGERATlON SYSTEM, MECHANICAL) MECHANICAL STOCKING METHODS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1


INDEX

MEDICAL GAS SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3006 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 MERCHANDISE PAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1014.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002 METERS, GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.9 MILLS Composite board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 Plywood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2006 Veneer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 MIRRORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1028.5 MOBILE FUELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 MODlFlCATlONS (of code requirements) . . . . . 104.8 MORTAR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS AND FILM . . . . . . . . . . . 306 Film storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306.2 MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1416 MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITIES (see also by type of fuel) . . Chapter 22 MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 MULTIPLE-STATIONSMOKE ALARM . . . . .907.2.10, 907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1

N NESTING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3002.1 NET EXPLOSIVE WEIGHT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 NITROCELLULOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2008.1,2009.4 NORMAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE (N'TP) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 NOSING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 NOTICE OF VIOLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2 NOZZLES Fuel delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.6 Fuel transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106.3.3 Marine craft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 0.3.3 NUISANCE ALARM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1

0 OBSTRUCTIONS TO SPRINKLER DISCHARGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.1, 903.3.3 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

OCCUPANCY. CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY) OCCUPANCY CLASSlFlCATlON Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Assembly Group A Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Business Group B Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Educational Group E Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Factory Industrial Group F Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 High-Hazard Group H Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Institutional Group I Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Mercantile Group M Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Miscellaneous Group U Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Residential Group R Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Storage Group S Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OCCUPANT LOAD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 OIL-BURNING EQUIPMENT (see FUEL-FIRED APPLIANCES) OPEN BURNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.30,307.2 Precautions in tire storage areas . . . . . . . . 2504.. 1 OPEN FLAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.804.3.1104.6. 2003.6, 2703.7.2, 3304.7.2, 3406.2.1 Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.5 Group A occupancies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.3.7 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.31. 105.6.32 OPEN SYSTEM Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OPERATlNG BUILDING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Separation distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3305.3 OPERATING PRESSURE Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 ORDERS AND NOTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2.2 ORGANIC COATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 20 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2002.1 Electrical equipment and protection . . . . . . . 2004 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003 Kettles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2006 Manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 20 425

INDEX

Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.33 Process structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2005 ORGANIC PEROXIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1508, Chapter 39 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3902.1 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3904.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3904.2, Table 3904.1.2, Table 3904.2.4 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3903 1Jse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3905 OUTDOOR CONTROL AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2702.1 Hazardous materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.12 OVENS (see INDUSTRIAL OVENS) OVERCROWDING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Prohibited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107.6 OWNER Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 OXIDIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 40 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4002.1 Indoor storaae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4004.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . Requirements . . . . . . . Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OXIDIZING GAS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . OZONE-GAS GENERATOR Automatic shutdown . . Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . Manual shutdown . . . .

.

P PANIC HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.1.9 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 PARKING AND GARAGING . . . . . .3406.2.1, 381 1.2.1 PASS-THROUGH Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802. 1 PERMlSSlBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT (PEL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 PESTICIDE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PHYSICAL HAZARD Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.4.7.6,3705.4 Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007.1 Protection and security . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.16.3 Protection from vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.9.3

PLACARDS; PLACARDING (see also SIGNS) Cryogenic fluid containers . . . . . . . . . . . .3203.4.2 Explosives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5, 3304.6.5.2 Flammable and combustible liquid tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403.5.3, 3404.2.3.2 Vacant buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.5 PLANS (see also CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS) Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408.4.1 Evacuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.3.1 Facility closure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407.7 Fire safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404.3.2 Hazardous materials management . . . . .3305.2.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3305.2.2 Prefire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1408.2 Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2208.8.1.2.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3404.4.1 PLASTICS Cellulose nitrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 42 Classifications of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2303.7 Foam . . . . . . . . . . .803.7, 804.2, 807.4.2.1 , 808.2 Manufacturing of glass-fiber-reinforced . . . . . 1511 Pyroxylin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.37, 903.2.4.3, 903.6.1, Chapter 42 PLOSOPHORIC MATERlAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PLYWOOD AND VENEER MILLS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . 907.2.17, 1904.1 PORTABLE FlRE EXTlNGUlSHERS (see FlRE EXTINGUISHERS) PORTABLE TANKS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Design. construction and capacity. . . . . . 3404.3.1 Empty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3.4 Flammable liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.5 Flow rate . . . . . . 3704.2.2.7.5, Table 3704.2.2.7.5 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3 Local exhaust . . . . . . . . . . 3704.2.2.4, 3704.3.2.3 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . 3404.4. Table 3404.4. 3704.3.4 Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.3.3.10,3404.3.7.2.3 POWDER COATlNG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506 POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Battery charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..302.1 Fire extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.4 Refueling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.5 Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.3 PRECAUTIONS AGAINST FlRE . . . . Chapter 3.1404. 1405.4, 2504 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

INDEX

.................

PREMISES IDENTlFlCATlON 505 PRESSURE VESSEL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 PRIMARY CONTAlNMENT Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 PRIMARY TANK Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 PROCESS Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 Raw materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2008, 2009 PROCESS TRANSFER Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5 PROPANE (see I-IQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) PROPELLANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 PROPYLENE (see LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS) PROXIMATE AUDIENCE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3308.2.2 PUBLIC ASSEMBLAGES AND EVENTS . . . . . . . . 403 PUBLIC WAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1024.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 PYROPHORIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4102.1 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4104.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 41 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4104.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4103 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4105 PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 PYROTECHNIC SPECIAL EFFECTS MATERIAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.36 PYROXYLIN (CELLULOSE NITRATE) PLASTICS Decorative materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .807.3 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4204.2 Raw material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4204.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4203 Storage and handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4204

Q QUICK-RESPONSE SPRINKLERS (see AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS)

R RACK STORAGE ........2308. 2804.4.3. 3404.3.3.6 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

RAlLWAY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3302.1 RAMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1010, 1023 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1002.1 RAW PRODUCT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 Storage and processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1908 READY BOX Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 RECALL, FlRE PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901.9 RECORD DRAWINGS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . 104.6, 104.6.3, 107.2.1, 405.5, 604.3.2,606.15, 901.6.2, 1106.5.3.2.2, 2603.5, 2703.3.1.1 , 3303 RECREATIONAL FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307.4.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302.1 REDUCED FLOW VALVE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS . . . . . 102.6, Chapter 45 REFINERY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 REFRIGERANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.2 Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.8 Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.12 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.11 Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.4 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.9.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602.1 REGISTERED DESIGN PROFESSIONAL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 RELEASE OF HAZARDOUS MATERlAL . . . . .2703.3 REMOTE EMERGENCY SHUTOFF DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.4.5 REMOTE SOLVENT RESERVOIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 REPAIR GARAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2211 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2202.1 Gas detection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 1.7.2 Sources of ignition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 1.3 Sprinklers required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.8.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2211.4.3 REPORTING Aviation facilities fire extinguisher use . . . . 1105.8 Emergencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 .1 Firealarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1409 Leak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.10

INDEX

Record keeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3303 RESIN APPLICATION AREA Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 RESPONSE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 RESPONSIBLE PERSON Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 RETAIL DISPLAY AREA (for aerosols) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1 Manufacturing facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2807.1 Maximum quantities . . . . . . 2806.2. Table 2806.2, Table 2806.3 REVOCATION OF PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.5 RIGHT OF ENTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104.3 ROADWAYS, ACCESS FOR FlRE APPARATUS (see FlRE APPARATUS ACCESS ROAD) ROCKETS AND ROCKETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3301 .1.4 ROLL COATING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I502.1 ROOF VENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910, 1016.2 ROOFING OPERATIONS SAFEGUARDS . . . . . . 1417 ROOFS Required access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.1 Safeguarding operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1417 Stairway access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504.3 RUBBISH (TRASH) Chutes, automatic sprinkler protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.10.2 Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3303.7,3305.6.6

Underground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.4.1 SEGREGATED Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SELF-SERVICE MOTOR FUEL-DISPENSING FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2204 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2201.2 SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION FACILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 18 Automatic sprinkler system . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.10 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I802.1 Emergency alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 8 03.12 Emergency power . . . . . . . . . . . '604.2.8, 1803.15 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803 Manual fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1803.11 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.21 Quantity limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 1804.2.1 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1804 Transportation and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805.3 Use and handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1805 SERVICE CORRIDOR . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.3.8, 1803.9.

1803.12.1. I , 1805.3.3 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1802.1 SHAFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 SHAFTWAY MARKINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .507.2 SHELF STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2307 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Specialty storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310 SIGNS (see also PLACARDS, PLACARDING) Access roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5.1 Alarms and warning . . . . 904.3.4, 1607, 1703.3.1,

2205.6. 2210.5.5.1, 3403.5.1 SAFETY CAN Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SCISSOR STAIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 Use of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1015.2.1 SEATING, FOLDING AND TELESCOPIC Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 25.1.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 SECONDARY CONTAINMENT Above-ground tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . .2704.2, 2704.2.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.4, 2705.2.2.5, 2705.3.5, 2705.3.7 Indoor storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.2.2.3 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704 2 2 . 4 Type It dry cleaning systems . . . . . . . . . . 1207.2.3

Electrostatic apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1507.5.2 Emergency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .606.7, 607.2 Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .604.2.3, 101 1, 2403.12.6 Fire alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.4.4 Fire department connection . . . . . . . . . . . . .912.4 Fire-resistance-rated construction . . . . . . .703.2.1 Foam plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .808.2 Hazardous identification . . . . . . . . 2703.5, 2703.6,

2703.1 1.3.10, 3203.4.1 Illumination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 26.3 Lead-acid battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.6 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503.3 No smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.3, 2208.8.1.2.6,

2305.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1 Placards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304.6.5 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310.4 Stairway exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1011.3,1011.4 Storage tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.3, 3406.3.7


INDEX

Street or road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505.2 Tampering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.2.4 Vacant buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.5 Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.7 SlLANE GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4106 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.2 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.3 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.1 Use and dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.4,4106.5 SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM . . . . . . .907.2.10,

907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SLEEPING UNIT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SMALL ARMS AMMUNITION . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 33 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 SMALL ARMS PRIMERS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 Group M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.5.1.3 Group R-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.4.2 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3306.5.2.3 SMOKE ALARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.10, 907.3.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902.1 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS . . . . .910, 1016.2, 2306.7 SMOKE BARRIERS Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.5 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .703. 1.2 Opening protectives in . . . . . . . . . .703.2, 909.5.2 Pressure differential. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909.18.6 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909 SMOKE DETECTOR . . . . . . . .907.2.6.2.3.907.2.12.1.

907.2.18.1, 907.12 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SMOKE-PROTECTED ASSEMBLY SEATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1025.6.2 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 SMOKE REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910.4.6 SMOKELESS PROPELLANTS Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3306 Storage and handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3304 SMOKING . . . . . . . . . . . 310, 1103.2, 1106.3.8, 1404.1,

1503.2.6, 1903.5.3, 2210.5.5.1, 2504.3, 2703.7.1, 3404.2.3.1, 3406.6.1.9 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.3 SOLID Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 SOLID SHELVING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2302.1 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.2.2.1 Racks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2308.2.2 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

SOLVENT DISTILLATION UNIT . . . . . . . . . . . . .3405.4 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 SOLVENT OR LIQUID CLASSIFICATIONS, DRY CLEANING Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202.1 SPECIAL AMUSEMENT BUILDING Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Fire alarm system . . . . . . . . . . .907.2.1 1, 914.7.2 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.2 Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.13, 914.7.1 SPECIAL INDUSTRlAL EXPLOSIVE DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 SPILL CONTROL Carts and trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.10.3.4 Dry cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1207.2.3 Flammable and combustible liquids . . . . . . . 3403.4, 3404.3.7.3, 3404.3.8.2, 3404.4.3, 3405.3.7.5.3, 3405.3.7.6.3, 3405.3.8.1, 3406.2.6, 3406.5.1.5 Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . 2704.2, 2705.1.3, 2705.2.1.3, 2705.2.2.4, 2705.3.4, 2705.3.6 Lead-acid battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 Service stations and repair garages . . . . . . 2205.3 SPILLS . . . . . . . . . . 1104.4, 1405.6, 2009.4.2, 2210.5.2 2404.1 8.5.3 SPONTANEOUS IGNITION HAZARDS . . . . . . .304.3.1, 305.2, 1404.4 SPRAY BOOTH Areas adjacent to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.2.1.3 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504.3.2.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1502.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1503.3.5.2 SPRAY FINISHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504 SPRAY ROOM Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1504.3.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.3.5.2 SPRAYING SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 5 02.1 STAGES, FIRE PROTECTION FOR . . . . 905.3.4,914.6 STAIR Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 STAIRWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1002.1 Identification . . . . . . . 1020.1.5, 1027.18, 1027.21 STAIRWAY, EXTERIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1 STAIRWAY, INTERIOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1009 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 002.1 STAIRWAY, SPIRAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0 02.1

429

INDEX

STANDBY PERSONNEL (see also FIRE WATCH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.20 STANDBY POWER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .604.2705.1.5 STANDPIPE SYSTEM, CLASSES OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 STANDPIPE, TYPES OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 STANDPIPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905 Buildings under construction/demolition . . . . 1413 STATIC PILES Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 02.1 Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1908.6 STATIC PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1.7 STATIONARY LEAD-ACID BATTERY SYSTEMS (see BATTERY SYSTEM, STATIONARY LEAD ACID) STEEL Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 STILLS, DRY CLEANING. . . . . . . . . . 1204.2.4, 1207.1 STORAGE Aerosol, inside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2804 Attics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Baled combustible fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2905 Boiler rooms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Calcium carbide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2607.1 Combustible materials, miscellaneous . . . . . . 315 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3004 Concealed spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Corrosive materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3104 Cryogenic fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3204 Cylinder and container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2605.2 Detached structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2904.6 Electrical rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Exterior, finished lumber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1909 Flammable gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3504 Flammable solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3604 Foarn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.1.2.1 Fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.3 Hazardous materials definition . . . . . 2702.1, 2704 Hogged material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .f 907, 1908 In buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2 Logareas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1906 Loose combustible fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2904 LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809 Means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 15.2.2 Mechanical refrigeration rooms . . . . . . . . . 6 06.10 Mechanical rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.3 Nitrocellulose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.4 Organic peroxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.5. 3904 Outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.3 Oxidizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "4004 Pyrophoric materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4104 430

Pyroxylin (cellulose nitrate) plastics. . . . . . . . 4204 Semiconductor fabrication facilities . . . . . . . . 1804 Silane gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4106.2.4106.3 Specialty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2310 Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2009.2 Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2505, 2509 Under floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315.2.4 Unstable (reactive) materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4304 Water-reactive solids and liquids . . . . . . . . . . 4404 Wood chips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907, 1908 STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS, STATIONARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 Permit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.5 Room design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.3 Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608.6 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.5 STRAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.5,2903.4 Waste material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.1 . 1 SUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3.3 SUPERVISING STATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SERVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1

T TANK Abandonment . . . . . . . . 3404.2.13. 3404.2.13.1.4 Above-ground . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.2, 2206.2.3. 2206.2.4,2703.2.4.2, 3104.2.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.1, 3404.2.9, 3404.2.1 3.2 Anchoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.8.5 Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2205.1.2 Compressed gas . . . . . . . . . . . .3003.1. 3003.4.2 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.6.1 Defective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.6.2 Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Design and construction . . . . . 2703.2.1, 3404.2.7, 3404.2.9.6.1 Diking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.1 0.2 Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.5.5.2 Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.8, 3406.5.4 Drainage control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.5 Empty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.5, 3404.3.3.4. 3404.4.8 Filling operations . . . . . . . . . .2205.1, 3406.6.1.10 2006 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE@

INDEX

Inside buildings . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.2, 3404.2.9.4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.4, 3404.2.7 Lining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.11 Low pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3202.1 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2003.9 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.2 Openings . . . 2206.6.2.1, 3404.2.7.5, 3404.2.9.6.9 Out of service . . . . . . . . 2703.2.6.1, 3404.2.13.1.1 Outside buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.9.5 Overfill protection . . . . 3404.2.7.5.8, 3404.2.9.6.6, 3404.2.11.4, 3406.6.1.5, 3406.8.3, 3406.8.5 Permanent and temporary . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.4 Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.6.3 Piping, valves and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.6.2 Portable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.5, 3404.3 Preparation for fueling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2210. 5.6 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1509.3, 3404.2.7.2 Primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.14 Repair. alteration or reconstruction . . . 3404.2.7.6 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.3 Solvent storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1207.3 Stationary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3704.2.2.7.4 Storage . . . . .2009.2, 3404, 3406.3.2.1. 3406.3.5 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.12 Underground . . . . . . . . . . . . 2206.2.1, 2703.2.4.1, 3404.2.7.3.5.2, 3404.2.1 1, 3404.2.13.1 Vaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.2.4 Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.3, 3406.5.1 .15, 3406.5.1.16. 3406.6 Venting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.7.3, 3404.2.7.3.6, 3404.2.8.9, 3406.2.4.2 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.2.2. 508.5.3 TANK, ATMOSPHERIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK CARS (see also BULK TRANSFER) . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1 Loading racks or stations. . . . 2009.3, 3406.5.1.12 TANK, PORTABLE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK, PRIMARY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 TANK, PROTECTED ABOVE-GROUND Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3402.1 TANK, STATIONARY Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 TANK VEHICLE .2004.3.2, 3406.5.1.16.1, 3406.6 Aircraft fuel-servicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1105.4 Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5. 1.15 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.2.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1

....


Dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.2.8, 3406.5.4 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.4 Garaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1,3811.3 Loading racks or stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2009.3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1 Parking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.3, 3811 Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.6.1.9 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.5.1 .16 Use as storage tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3404.2.2 TAR KETTLE [see ASPHALT (TAR) KETTLES] TEMPORARY HEATING EQUIPNIENT . . . . . . . . . 1403 TEMPORARY WIRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605.9,140 4.7 TENANT SPACES, VACANT (see VACANT PREMISES) TENTS AND OTHER MEMBRANE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 24 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.8.1 Air-supported structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.10 Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2403.2 Crowd managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.20 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2402.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.2 Generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.19 Heating and cooking equipment . . . . . . . . 2404.15 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.8.3 LP-gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.16 Means of egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.1 2 Occupant load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.14 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.43 Portable fire extinguisher . . . . . . . . . . . .2404. 8.12 Seating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.1 1 Structural stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2403.9 Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.22 TESTING, ACCEPTANCE (see ACCEPTANCE TESTING) THEFT RESISTANT Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3302.1 THERMAL INSECTICIDAL FOGGING . . . . Chapter 17 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1702.1 Fire safety requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1703 TIMBER AND LUMBER PRODUCTION FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1907 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1902.1 TIRE REBUILDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2503 Precautions against fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504 TIRE STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chapter 25 Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2506 Fencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2507 Indoor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2509 Outdoor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2505 Precautions against fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2504

INDEX

TIRES. BULK STORAGE OF Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 TOOL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1 TORCH-APPLIED ROOF SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2602.1 TORCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308.4 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.31 TOXIC Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3702.1 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 37 TRAINING, EMPLOYEE EMERGENCY . . . . . . . . . 406 TRANSPORTATION Hazardous materials . . . . . . . . . . 1805.3,2703.10 LP-Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3801.1 TRANSVERSE FLUE SPACE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..2302.1 TRASH (see RUBBISH) TRAVEL DISTANCE, EXIT ACCESS . . . . . . . . . . 1016 TREATMENT SYSTEMS . . . . . . .606.12.4, 1803.14.3, 3703.1.3, 3703.2.3.2, 3704.2.2.7, 3704.3.2.5 TROUBLE SIGNAL Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 TURNSTILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1008.3 '

U UNAUTHORIZED DISCHARGE . . . 2703.3.1. 3406.2.6 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 UNDERGROUND BUILDINGS . . . . . .404.2, 604.2.16, 905.3.5, 907.2.18, 907.2.19 . 909.20. 91 4.5 UNLAWFUL ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 09.1 UNSAFE HEATING APPLIANCES . . . . . . . . . . .603.7 UNSAFE BUILDINGS (see BUILDINGS) UNSTABLE (REACTIVE) MATERIAL . . . . . Chapter 43 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4302.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4304.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4304.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4303 Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4305.1 UNVENTED HEATERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .603.4 UNWANTED FIRE Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .401.3, 1409 UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE (see FURNITURE, UPHOLSTERED) USE, CHANGE OF (see CHANGE OF USE) USE (MATERIAL) Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1

v VACANT PREMISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Abandoned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311.1.1 Fire protection systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.2.2 Placarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311.5 Removal of hazardous materials . . . . . . . . .311.4 Safeguarding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.2 Tenant spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 . 1.2 Waste removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 1.3 VAPOR AREA, FLAMMABLE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I502.1 VAPOR BALANCE SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9.1 VAPOR PRESSURE Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2702.1 VAPOR-PROCESSING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9.2 VAPOR-RECOVERY SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . .2206.7.9 VEHICLE IMPACT PROTECTION (see IMPACT PROTECTION, VEHICLE) VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314.4 Compressed natural gas motor . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 Gas-fueled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18 Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3803.2.2 Liquefied petroleum gas motor . . . . . . . . . . . 2207 Liquid-fueled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2404.18 Overfilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2207.7 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313.1 Tank . . . 2009.3, 3406.5.1.15, 3406.5.1.16,3406.6 VENTILATION Battery systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .608.6 Dry cleaning . . . . . . 1204.2.1, 1205.2.3, 1206.3.3 Electrostatic equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1506.7 Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1803.14, 1803.15.2 Floor surfacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I510.5 Hazardo~~s materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2703.8.4.2, 2703.8.5.2, 2703.8.6.2 2705.2.1. I , 2705.2.2.2 Indoor dispensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2705.1.9 Indoor storage areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.3 Industrial ovens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . % I 0 3.1 Mechanical ventilation for reinforced plastics manufacturing . . . . . . 1511.5 Powered industrial trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309.3 Process structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2005.5 Refrigeration machinery room . . . . . . . . . . 606.13 Repair garages . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 1.4.3. 221 1.7.1 Spray finishing . . . . 1504.1.4.3, 1504.2, 1504..2.4, 1504.6.3, 1506.10 VENTS, SMOKE AND HEAT (see SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS) VIOLATION PENALTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109.3

INDEX

VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907.10.1 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1

WAREHOUSE Aerosol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2802.1, 2804.3.2, Table 2804.3.2. 2804.4 Liquid . . . . . . . . . . . 2804.6. 3404.3.8, 3404.3.8.5, Table 3404.3.6(2), Table 3404.3.6(3) WARRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104. 3.1 WASTE MATERIALS, COMBUSTIBLE . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.45,304.140 4.2 WASTEBASKETS AND WASTE CONTAINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304.3,808.1 WATCH, FlRE (see FlRE WATCH) WATER-REACTIVE MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . Chapter 44 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4402.1 Indoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4404.1 Outdoor storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4404.2 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4403 Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4405 WATER SUPPLY Buildings under construction or demolition. standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413 Fire protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508, 1412 Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508.1 Sprinklers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.3.5 Standpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1413 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508.4 WEATHER PROTECTiON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2704.13, 2705.3.9, 3308.5.2, 3308.5.2, 3404.4.7, 3406.5.1.2, 3703.2.5, 3704.3.3, 4104.2.2, 4105.2, 4106.3.4, 4106.5.2 WELDING AND OTHER HOT WORK . . . . . Chapter 26 Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605 Electric arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2606 Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2605 Permit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.6.1 1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2603, 2604 Tire storage yards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2504.2 Warning signs in flammable finish operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1503.2.7 WELL DRILLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3406.3 WET-CHEMICAL EXTlNGUlSHlNG AGENT . . . . 904.5 Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 WET FUELING (see MOBlLE FUELING) WET HOSING (see MOBILE FUELING) WHARVES . . . . . . . . . . . .2210.3.1, 2210.5.5, 3406.4.7 WINDOW WELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1026.5 WINDOWLESS STORIES OR AREAS . . . . . .903.2.10, 1027.5 2006 INTERNATIONAL FlRE CODE@

WIRELESS PROTECTION SYSTEM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1 WIRING, ELECTRICAL Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605 WOODWORKING FACILITIES (see LUMBER YARDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903.2.3.1 WORKSTATION Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1802.1

Z ZONE. FlRE ALARM Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .902.1


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