:
. .
: PRESSI
HERSON
88.5
83 (
,
1, 2, , 7, 9, 10) . .
(
3, 4, 5, 8)
. :
18
N” 16810 25000
08 06 89 773 ...
51 downloads
221 Views
5MB Size
Report
This content was uploaded by our users and we assume good faith they have the permission to share this book. If you own the copyright to this book and it is wrongfully on our website, we offer a simple DMCA procedure to remove your content from our site. Start by pressing the button below!
Report copyright / DMCA form
:
. .
: PRESSI
HERSON
88.5
83 (
,
1, 2, , 7, 9, 10) . .
(
3, 4, 5, 8)
. :
18
N” 16810 25000
08 06 89 773 1 30
12 02 90 44593 “
84 X 108' 2
2
”
19 32 119847
”
143200
21
3904
20
, 17
, 93
. 83
. .—
.:
:
:
.
./
.
.
.
.
.
.
, 1990.—368 . .
, ,
,
JK. Rudestam, 1982 ,
“
” 1990
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
—
, — ,
—
,
.
“
”.
. ,
,
“
”
,
,
—
. —
, .
,
, ,
. ,— —
,—
,
,
. . . -
, . . .
.
“ ” "Experiential Groups in Theory and Practice". "experiential". , , . 14). .
,
.
,“ ” , , ,
,
. ,
,— “
— —
.
, “
, ,
,
”.
”.
,
,
,
.
— ”.
. —
. ,
(
,
,
. .),
. (
,
).
,
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
(
) .
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
—
,
,
. '.
,
,
,
, ,
“
.
”
10-
, .
”,
. — , “
,
, ,
. .
,
,
, ” ( . 15). , , ,
— ,
“ , ”,
,
"
“
” ,
.
”. “
,
. .
,
” 1988 .—
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
. —
,
-
, ,
,
, .
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
, .
? , , ,
.
, ,
,
— ,
, ,
. . ,
. ,
. , : , ,
—
— ,
,
, . .
—
, . .
: PRESSI
HERSON
. .
. —
.
,
. ,
. .
, ,
.
,
,
:“
, ,
, ” ( . 129). , ,
,—
,
,
. ,
, ,
,
—
,
. ,
—
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
, , ,
, .
,
, . ,
,
,
, ,
.
: PRESSI
HERSON
, ,
,
,
. . — ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
,
.
,
”
“
, .
,
,
.
, ,
,
: “ ,
, .
,
, ” ( . 204).
,
, —
,
.
—
, ,
.
—
—
'.
, .,
, ,
.
-• ,
.
“
”.
., “
”, 1984.—
.
.
10
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
-
, ,
,
,
.
,
-
, —
,
. ,
.
,
.
.
, —
.
,
.
.
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
, . .
.
.
,
,
“ ” ',
. —“
”
“ .
,
.
”)
( .
— . .
.
.
., . 18, . 364.
11
: PRESSI
HERSON
. , .
. — .
. “... ...” ( . 178),—
,
, ,
,
. , .
,
,
,
.
,
”,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
. —
.
. , , —
,
,
.
.
,
. . 12
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. . . . .
,
. , —
. .
,
.
.
“
“
”
,
. ,
— . .
. ,
1978
”,
.
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
, .
"Experiential Groups in Theory and Practice" (“ ”) , , — “ ”,—
:
, ”, “
. ”, “ . ,
, .
,
. .
"experiential"
, . :
, ,
: — .
, ),
( ,
,
,
.
,
, ,
, ,
14
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. , . ,
,
;
,
. ,
,
,
,
,
. ,
. ,
. ,
,
,
,
, .
), ), ).
.
(
.
(
), — .
, .
(
)
“
, ,
.
(
”, .
,
.
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
,
, .
, ;
;
. , ,
. , (1734—1815).
,
,
. ,
,
, ,
. .
(“
.
. “
”
,
. 16
: PRESSI
HERSON
”)
,
,
, ,
“
”,
.
. .
,
, .
-
. .
, .
XIX—XX . ,
. “
”,
XX , ,
, .
,
,
,
,
. ,
. . ,
. 1930 .
, , .
-
(Appley & Winder, 1973). , ,
,
, ,
, 17
: PRESSI
HERSON
(Mullan & Rosenbaum, 1962). , , .
, ,
,
.
, (Dreikers, 1959). ,
,
.
(Mullan & Rosenbaum, 1962). (1929)
(1934)
.
1925 . , ,
,
.
.
—
,
,
. , . .
,
,
, ,
-
. “
”,
-
18
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
-
,
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
.
,
,
, .
. (Corsini,
1932 .
1955).
, .
1931 .
"Impromptu". ,
— "Group Psychotherapy".
, 1942 . 5-
. “
”
,
—
,
60-
“
-
, (Appley & Winder, 1973).
”
,
.
, . ”, “
—“ ”, “
”, .
” — ,
. 19
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
.
,
-
, . 60-
50-
. ,
,
, ,
,
,
,
. ,
, .
,
,
,
, , “ —
. ,
,
”,
. , ,
(Shaffer & Galinsky,
1974).
3.
;
,
,
.
, ,
; . .
XIX
,
-
20
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
(Cohen& Smith, 1976).
,
.
,
-
,
,
,
,
”.
, (Tri-plett, 1897). .
“
.
,
, “
” . 60,
.
“
. ,
,
, ,
”
“
”.
, . ,
-
, . ,
(Bach, 1954),
,
,
,
, , ,
. , ,
. 21
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
.
,
—
. ( ),
,
3. X.
,
.
.
X.
, ,
, . ,
.
2“
”
.
. . ,
, ” (Ro-
,
senbaum & Berger, 1975, . 16). .
,
,
-
. , ,
, .
, .
-
22
: PRESSI
HERSON
—
,
, .
“
”, .
, ,
.
,
,
,
, .
, ,
, .
,
,
, ,
, .
,
,
.
— ,
. . ,
,
,
. .
.
, ,
,
.
, . 23
: PRESSI
HERSON
-
,
.
-
, . .
,
,
,
. ,
,
, .
,
. , ,
,
. . ,
, , . , , (Barrett-Lennard, 1975).
, .
,
,
“
—
”, .
, ),
,
, “
”
( (
, ,
).
24
: PRESSI
HERSON
-
(Lakin, 1972) : 1) ; 4)
,
,
,
; 2)
; 3) ; 5)
)
. ,
,
:
, .
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
. , ;
;
;
(Cohen & Smith, 1976). :
,
-
. :
;
; ;
; ;
-
, . ,
, .
,
. 1.
,
, .
,
, 25
: PRESSI
HERSON
—
. ,
'
.
1.
, : ,
, ,
. ,
,
, . ,
,
. , , . ,
, ,
. :
26
: PRESSI
HERSON
, (Yalom, 1966) . 35 97 :
. , . ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.
: ,
,
-
,
. .
,
,
,
. ,
. , ,
.
,
(Grunebaum, 1975).
— ,
:
,
. . .
, ,
,
.
,
, ;
,
27
: PRESSI
HERSON
, (Lakin, 1972).
,
,
.
, —
,
,
— . ,
— .
,
,
.
1967)
,
,
, (Yalom, Houts, Zimerberg & Rand,
, —
. . , ,
-
,
. , (Hare, 1976).
,
, .
,
-' 'Ut^'
—
.
'
(Geller, 1951). — ” (Kellerman, 1979) .
, .“
, , ,
,
28
: PRESSI
HERSON
. .
,
90-
8 (Foulkes & Anthony, 1957).
) .
(
. —
.
-
, —
,
,—
—
,
, .
. ,
,
,
(
).
,
,
—
. . ; (Levine, 1979). .
(Whitaker & Lieberman, 1964),
, . , , ,
. , ,
, .
(Kellerman, 1979)
,
29
: PRESSI
HERSON
, ,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
. —
.
, “
, ” (Bennis & Shepard, 1974, . 128). , . . , .
, , , “ ”; (Lakin, 1972). , , -.
, ,
, .
. ,
,
. (Yalom, 1975)
.
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, (Greening & Coffey, .
1966) ,
,
30
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
,
, .
“ ”, ,
(Levine, 1979) . ,
,
,
,
. . “
”
, ,
,
(Phillips & Erickson, 1970). , ,
, ,
. . ,
,
; .
'
. .
: ,
, ,
, (Yalom, 1975). . 31
: PRESSI
HERSON
-
“
,
, 1968,
” (Allport,
. 5). ,
,
.
,
, .
, . ,
, —
.
, .
, .
,
,
,
,
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
,
Thelen, 1958).
.
, ,
Slater, 1955).
,
,
.
, (Bales & , (Stock &
, , (Bogdanoff & Elbaum, 1978) ,
, .
,
32
: PRESSI
HERSON
”
,
.
. “
:“ ”
“
”.
”, ,
”, “ (
. 1) .
. 1.
(
)
. ,
,
,
.
33
: PRESSI
HERSON
. “
1957),
—
”
, “
,
(Lea- ,
—
”.
,
, ,
.
,
-
,
,
. —
.
. .
(Kellerman, 1979) ; “
, ”; “
”—“ ”; “
”—“
”; ”—“
” —
”. (
)
(Bales, I960, 1970), ( . 2).
, , .
:
— . , (Bales, 1970).
. ,
,
-
. ,
. ,
,
-
(Bales, 1970). 34
: PRESSI
HERSON
. 2.
.
, ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
—
,
-
. .
—
,
. . ;
. ,
2* 35
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
;
,
.
, .
,
, .
,
-
2. ,
, :
:
.
.
. .
:
: , .
.
.
:
: ,
-
. .
:
:
,
,
,
.
.
:
: , .
.
:
: ,
.
. .
36
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
.2
.
(Benne & Sheats, , .
,
1948),
, . ,
,“
,
—
” (Homans, 1950, . 123).
, .
. (Sherif& Sherif, 1964), .
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
-
, “
.
,
”
:
;
;
.
,
,
. . ,
.
.
-
. ,
, -
37
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. .
. ,
,
,
— .
. ,
, ,
. .
,
,
. “ ”
,
. . ,
, . ,
-
, ,
. “ ”,
, ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
-
38
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
.
, ,
, . ,
.
,
,
-
, . .
, .
,
,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
,
.
, —
. ,
, (Crosbie, 1975).
“
, ,
,
,
-
”,
.
,
—
,
,
.
,
, .
.
,
, 39
: PRESSI
HERSON
(Crosbie, 1975). . (Lewin, 1947, . 30)
“
,
”.
—
.
, .
,
,
,
,
.
.
, , , (Lakin & Costanzo, 1975). (Shaw, 1976), -
. .
,
,
,
, (Goldstein, Heller & Sechrest, 1966).
,
, ,
,
, ” (Yalom, 1975).
“ ,
,
. ,
"^ 40
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
. ,
,
. . , . ,
,
,
. , . . , ,
“
,
,
,
(Janis, 1972)
“
”.
” , . ,
.
? ,
(Goldstein et al., 1966). , , ,
, , “
. ”
,
-
(Bednar, Melnick & Kaul 1974). ,
(Yalom, 1975). 4i
: PRESSI
HERSON
, . ,
, . 11— 12-
, (Goldstein et al., 1966). (Sherif & Sherif, 1953, . 137) .
.
,
,
, .
,
,
-
.
;
;
,
. .
“
,
, ”.
,
,
. “
”, “ ” (Johnson & Johnson, 1975). ,
, , ,
, .
. .
,
, —
. ,
42
: PRESSI
HERSON
(Newcomb, Turner & Converse, 1965). —
,
.
-
, .
, ,
-
. . ,
,
“
”.
, (Berzon & Solomon, 1966). , .
, ,
,
, . . . , ,
, . , .
,
(Slavson, 1962) , “ ”, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
43
: PRESSI
HERSON
, -
(Hare, 1976)
,
,
,
. . .
,
, ,
. (Lewin, Lippitt & White, 1939) ,
.
. ; ;
,
.(
. 3.) ,
,
,
,
, . (Nixon, 1979).
)
( ,
,
. . ,
.
(McGre-gor, I960)
Y. .
Y
,
. -
44
: PRESSI
HERSON
3.
. . .
(
.
)
. -
,
.
.
.
— .
.
“
“
”
”
,
,
.
. .
,
, ,
,
. , .
(Bach, 1954)
,
,
,
,
, . ,
, , (Goldste.in et al.,
45
: PRESSI
HERSON
1966). ( .) (Gibb, 1961)
,
,
, , .
,
,
.
,
, . (Lakin & Costanzo, 1975)
, .
, . ,
,
, . . “
”,
.
,
,
— ,
, (Bednar, Melnick & Kaul, 1974). , . , . (Lieberman, Yalom & Miles, 1973)1 ,
,
46
: PRESSI
, ,
HERSON
,
, . ,
—
. ,
“
”
(Yalom, 1975). ,
.
,
,
, ,
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
. , . (Shaw & Blum, 1966),
, (Rosen-baum & Rosenbaum, 1971), , , , .
, , , .
(Lakin & Costanzo, 1975). . , ,
, , (Yalom, 1975).
47
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
? :
-
,
,
. ,
,
. .
(
“
”)
—
—
, ”)
(“ (“
”),
(Yalom, 1975). ,
, ,
“ ”
.
, .
,
, . . .
(Fiebert, 1968, . 835),
“
,
;
”. ,
,
, .
48
: PRESSI
HERSON
. (Fiebert, 1968). ,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
(Trotzer, 1977). , (Shapiro, 1978),
.
,
, ,
. (Shapiro, 1978). . . . , , .
-
, .
, .
: PRESSI
-49
HERSON
,
, . , .
-
,
. , . ,
,
.
,
, .
, .
,
,
,
,
.
.
. ,
,
.
,
.
(Parloff, 1970).
-
50
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
, .
, ,
. ,
, .
, .
(Kelman, 1963)
. “
”.
:
,
.
, .
,
.
, .
.
“
”, . .
, :
.
,
,
( (
( ,
)
) ). ,
. 51
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
-
.
, -ckman, 1965). (FIRO)
(Schutz, 1958). : .
: .
,
,
: ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
,
,
-
. ,
,
.
' .
”
,
,
,
.
” .
, “
” .
(Bennis & Shepard, 1974) ,
, .
-
52
: PRESSI
HERSON
. ,
,
,
,
.
,
. ,
,
,
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
,
. . .
, . ,
.
—
. ,
-
,
. ,
,
;
,
, .
,
. ,
,
, .
, 53
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. ,
,
,
. .
1.
(Yalom, 1975) . ,
2.
,
:
, . . .
3.
.
, ,
, .
4.
.
, .
,
5.
. .
6.
.
, ,
,
,
, .
, ,
, 7.
. . .
,
54
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
.
8.
.
. ,
9.
.
.
.
,
! 10.
.
,
,
. .
“
”
,
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
,
(
),
. . . ,
: .
: .
55
.
, -
.
,
: PRESSI
HERSON
, ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
.
,
,
. , .
, ,
, ,
.
,
,
-
, . , ,
.
: ,
,
(Parloff, 1970). 57
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
,
. , ,
-
. . .
. ,
, .
,
,
,
,
, ,
,
,
, ,
. ,
. ),
,
, (
, ,
.
. . ,
-
58
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
. , .
,
. . ,
,
.
,
. .
,
, ?
, ,
.
,
,
, ,
, !
,
, .
,
, . ,
. ,
. ,
. -
, . 59
: PRESSI
HERSON
, . , ,
,
.
,
,
, ,
. .
-
,
. .
,
, .
, ,
,
.
,
,
, .
—
, ,
,
,
. .
, ,
.
60
: PRESSI
HERSON
“
”
, .
,
,
,
. , ,
,
.
,
:
—
—
,
—
.
.
,
.
, ,
-
,
. — .
,
,
“
—
—
”
“
—
, ”.
, .
. . ,
,
,
,
.
,
61
: PRESSI
HERSON
-
(Lewin, Lippitt & White, 1939) . . .
, ,
,
, ,
, . .
:
, ,
.
. ,
, .
,
,
.
,
, , .
,
,
Allport, G. The historical background of modern social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.). Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968. Appley, D. G., & Winder, A. E. T-groups and therapy groups in a changing society. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1973. Bach, G. Intensive group psychotherapy. New York: Ronald Press, 1954. Bales, R. F. Interaction process analysis: A method for the study of small groups. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, I960. 62
: PRESSI
HERSON
Bales, R. F. Personality and interpersonal behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970. Bales, R. F., & Slater, P. Role differentiation in small decision-making groups. In T. Parsons et al. (Eds.), Family socialization and interaction process. Glencoe, 111.: Free Press, 1955. Barrett-Lennard, G. T. Process, effects and structure in intensive groups: A theoretical-descriptive analysis. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Theories of group process. London: John Wiley, 1975. Bednar, R. L., Melnick, J., & Kaul, T. J. Risk, responsibility and structure: A conceptual framework for initiating group counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1974, 21, 31—37. Benne, . D., & Sheats, P. Functional roles of group members. Journal of Social Issues, 1948, 4, 41—60. Bennis, W. G., & Shepard, H. A theory of group development. In Gibbard, G. S., Hartman, J. J., & Mann, R. D. (Eds.), Analysis of groups. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1974. Berzon, ., & Solomon, L. The self-directed therapeutic group: Three studies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1966, 13, 491—497. Bogdanoff, M., & Elbaum, P. L. Role lock: Dealing with monopolizers, mistrusters, isolates, helpful Hannahs, and other assorted characters in group psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1978, 28, 247—261. Cohen, A. M., & Smith, R. D. The critical incident in growth groups: Theory and technique. La Jolla, Calif.: University Associates, 1976. Corsini, R. J. Historic background of group psychotherapy: A critique. Group Psychotherapy, 1955, 8, 219—225. Crosbie, P. V. (Ed.), Interaction in small groups. New York: Macmillan, 1975. Dreikers, R. Early experiments with group psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy. 1959, 13, 882— 891. Fiebert, M. S. Sensitivity training: An analysis of trainer interventions and group process. Psychological Reports, 1968, 22, 829—838. Foulkes, S. H. Group analytic psychotherapy. London: Gordon & Breach, 1975. Foulkes, S. H., & Anthony, E. J. Group psychotherapy. London: Penguin, 1957. 63
: PRESSI
HERSON
Geller, J. J. Concerning the size of therapy groups International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1951, /, 118—120. Gibb, J. Defensive communication. Journal of Communication, 1961. //, 141—148. Goldstein, A. P., Heller, K., & Sechrest, L. B. Psychotherapy and the psychology of behavior change. New York Wiley, 1966. Greening, T. C., & Coffey, H. Working with an "Impersonal" T-group. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 1966, 2, 401—411. Grunebaum, H. A soft-hearted review of hard-nosed research on groups. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1975, 25, 185—198. Hare, A. P. Handbooks of small group research (2nd ed.). New York: Free Press, 1976. Homans, G. C. The human group. New York: Harcourt, 1950. Jams, I. L. Victims of groupthink. Boston: Houghton Miffhn, 1972. Johnson, D., & Johnson, F. Joining together: Group theory and group skills. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1975. Kellerman, H. Group psychotherapy and personality. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979. Kelman, H. C. The role of the group in the induction of therapeutic change. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1963, 13, 399—432. Lakm, M. Interpersonal encounter: Theory and practice in sensitivity training. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972. Lakin, M., & Costanzo, P. The leader and the experiential groups. In C. L. Cooper (Ed.), Theories of group process. London: John Wiley, 1975. Leary, T. Interpersonal diagnosis of personality. New York: Ronald Press, 1957. Levine, B. Group psychotherapy: Practice and develop ment. New York; Prentice-Hall, 1979. Lewin, K. Group decisions and social change. In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York: Henry Holt, 1947. Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R. K. Patterns of aggressive behavior in an experimentally created social climate. Journal of Social Psychology, 1939, 10, 271— 299. Lieberman, M. A., Yalom, I. D., & Miles, M. Encounter groups: First facts. New York: Basic Books, 1973. 64
: PRESSI
HERSON
McGregor. D. The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill, I960. Mullan, H., & Rosenbaum, M. Group psychotherapy. New York: Free Press, 1962. Newcomb, ., Turner, R., & Converse, P. Social psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1965. Nixon, H. L., II. The small group. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1979. Parloff, M. B. Group therapy and the small-group field: An encounter. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 1970, 20, 267—304. Phillips, G. M., & Erickson, E. C. Interpersonal dynamics in the small group. New York: Random House, 1970. Rosenbaum, L., & Rosenbaum, W. Morale and productivity consequences of group leadership style, stress, and type of task. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1971, 55, 343—348. Rosenbaum, M., & Berger, M. (Eds.), Group psychotherapy and group function. New York: Basic Books, 1975. Schutz, W. C. F1RO: A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1958. Shaffer, J. B. P., & Galinsky, M. D. Models of group therapy and sensitivity training. New York; Prentice-Hall, 1974. Shapiro, J. L. Methods of group psychotherapy and encounter. Itasca, 111.: F. E. Peacock, 1978. Shaw, M. E. Group dynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. Shaw, M. E., & Blum, J. Effects of leadership style upon group performance as a function of task structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1966, 3, 238—241. Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. Groups in harmony and tension: An introduction to studies on intergroup relations. New York: Harper & Row, 1953. Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. Exploration into conformity and deviation of adolescents. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. Slavson, S. Personality qualifications of a group psychotherapist. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 1962, 72, 411—420. Stock, D., & Thelen, H. A. Emotional dynamics and group culture. New York: New York University Press, 1958. Triplett, N. The dynamogenic factors in pacemakmg 3 771
65
: PRESSI
HERSON
and competition. American Journal of Psychology, 1897, 9, 507—533. Trotzer, J. The counselor and the group. Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1977. Tuckman, B. Developmental sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 1965, 63, 384—399. Whitaker, D. S., & Lieberman, M. A. Psychotherapy through the group process. New York: Atherton, 1964. Yalom, I. D. A study of group therapy dropouts. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1966, 14, 393—414. Yalom, I. D. Theory and practice of group psychotherapy (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books, 1975. Yalom, I. D., Houts, P. S., Zimerberg, S. M., & Rand, . . Prediction of improvement in group therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1967, 17, 159—168.
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
( ,
),
,
. : “
, ”.
—
.
,
,
. 30-
.
(Simmel, 1950), ,
.
,
,
,
,
.
, , .
, ,
. ,
.
,
,
,
(Lewin, 1948, 1951),
.
-
67
)
. ,
, ,
. .
,
, .
—
: PRESSI
HERSON
. ,
,
, .
, —
. ,
1954 .
. “
.
”. ,
,
3, .
,
,
, . ,
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
, 69
: PRESSI
HERSON
. (Cohen & Smith, 1976). . . , (Argyris, 1967). .
,
,
,
-
. (Schein & Bennis, 1965)
, : 1)
,
; 2)
( —
,
,
); 3)
, ; 4)
—
-
,
,
. , . ,
, ,
, .
, , ,
,
. ,
70
: PRESSI
HERSON
, (Schein &
. Bennis, 1965).
(Bradford, Gibb .•• ]^i •"in"i
>. .
^: , 1978)
„ "”: !
;
,
* 'i
;
;
186
: PRESSI
HERSON
• •
-
; ;
“ ,
„ "”
. ,
.
,
“
"”.
“ .
, ,
„ "” „ ">>,
“
, , “
,
,
?”
.
“
„ "
.
, „ "”
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
. .
:
; ;
(Blatner, 1973). -
187
: PRESSI
HERSON
. “ , ,
. , ” (Blatner, 1973). . ,
,
,
, .
,
. ,
.
,
!
,
oi
,
(Weiner & Sacks, 1969 , !
. , .
. . .
. :“
( . ,
; ,
,
” (Leveton, 1977, . 19). ^
^ ,
188
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
-
. . ,
,
, .
-
, (Leveton, 1977)
).
(
,
. 7-
. ,
,
,
. . .
, Sacks, 1969).
,
“
” (Weiner & ,
, “
”,
“
”, “
”
“
”. .
, “
”.
,
”,
, .
,
, . ,
. .
,
. .
-
: 189
: PRESSI
HERSON
;
,
. .
,
-
.
,
,
. ,
.
,
, ,
. ,
,
.
.
, . ,
,
. ,
.
,
,
,
-
,
.
, .
“
, „ "” ,
"”
.
„ "”,
“
, . „ "”
.
“ ,
,
, , ,
,
-
190
: PRESSI
HERSON
-
;
,
, .
,
,
“
„ "”,
,
. ,
.
, .
, , ,
,
. , . :
, ” (Blatner, 1973, . 63). .
, ,
,
,
, ,
,
,
( —
.
). “
„ "”, ,
, . :
. ,
,
,
. ,
.
, 191
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
. . . 5 (Blatner, 1973, . 75).
. 5.
, , . , — ,
,
,
. , .
192
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. .
, , ,
.
,
, ”.
:
,
,
, .
,
„ ", ,
. ,
.
,
,
, "”.
“
,
,
,
,
. ,
, ,
. , . , “ . (Leveton, 1977) :
,
-
, „ "” .
, . .
“
” .
7-773
193
: PRESSI
HERSON
: .
, :
,
, .
:
. :
!
,
: .
. .
. ,
,
?
:
, . ”
, -
, . :
, .
:
,
. :
, :
,
. .
, ):
,
,
. :
.
.
”
,
,
,
. ,
,
.
: . :
,
:
! .
.
194
: PRESSI
HERSON
:
!
?
:
.
,
:
,
. ”
, .
:
! !
:
,
! , ,
“
„ "”
,
. “
„ "”
,
.
,
,
,
.
, . . . ,
-
. .
, ,
.
, 195
: PRESSI
HERSON
„„ -"•""' ^„ ~-. w. ^-^^^^. “: p^^.. ^ . ."^:.“l sr:L,c^ "^TS 0”""™?^,,, ^SM16^"————^ ". . "o-Wy"^, ?
^.- Hy^^S;^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
.
.^,.
^"^^^^^^^^
„ ^
r
:^ fM^ - -< ^^^^^f^oTbi . „^^ . MH'C ^^:^ „ ^eMew^ “ ”.) , ^^^,
:
,
, ^
^
^
, (
).
_^
^^"^^^^ ^o6pa3^=^^=:^S ^^^=^5 ^ ^- ^3^ ^^^^^^^^ ”
. ;^
,
.
260
: PRESSI
HERSON
Bernstein, P. Theory and methods in dance-movement therapy: A manual for therapists, students, and educators. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1972. Bernstein, P. Eight theoretical approaches in dancemo-vement therapy. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1979. Bernstein, P., & Bernstein, L. A conceptualization of group dance-movement therapy as a ritual process. American Dance Therapy Association Proceedings Monograph No. 3, 1973—74, 120—132. Birdwhistell, R. L. Kinesics and context. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970. Bogen, J. E. Some educational implications of hemispheric specialization. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), The human brain. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977. Chace, M. Dance as an adjunctive therapy with hospitalized children. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 1953, 17, 219— 255. Davis, M. Movement characteristics of hospitalized psychiatric patients. American Dance Therapy Association Proceedings, Third Annual Conference, 3, 1968. Espenak, L. Diagnosis and treatment in psychomotor therapy. Lecture demonstration presented to the American Dance Therapy Association, Hunter College, New York, May 26, 1968. Jung, G. C. [Archetypes and the collective unconscious.} In The Collected Works (2nd ed.). Princeton, N. J.: Prince-ton University Press, 1961. Kalish, B. „Eric", ADTA writings on body movement and communication, ADTA Monograph No. 1, 1971. Laban, R. The mastery of movement (2nd ed.). (L. Ull-man, Ed.). London: MacDonald & Evans, 1960. Langer, S. K. Feeling and form: A theory of art. New York: Scribner, 1953. Lefco, H. Dance therapy. Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1974. Pesso, A. Movement in psychotherapy. New York: New York University Press, 1969. Pesso, A. Experience in action. New York: New York University Press, 1973. Preston, V. A handbook for modern educational dance. (Revised ed.) Boston: Plays, 1980. Reich, W. Character analysis. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1942. 261
: PRESSI
HERSON
Rosen, E. Dance in psychotherapy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. Salkin, J. Body ego techique. Springfield, 111.: Charles C. Thomas, 1973. Schilder, P. The image and appearance of the human body. New York: International Universities Press, 1950. Schmais, C. Dance therapy in perspective. In K. C. Mason (Ed.), Dance therapy: Focus on dance VII. Washington, D. C.: American Association for Health, Physical Education” and Recreation, 1974. Sullivan, H. S. The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1953. Wethered, A. Movement and drama in therapy. Boston: Plays, 1973. White, E. Q. Effort-shape: Its importance to dance therapy and movement research. In K. C. Mason (Ed.), Dance therapy: Focus on dance VII. Washington, D. C.: American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 1974. Wigman, M. Language of the dance. Middletown, Conn.:. Wesleyan Univeristy Press, 1963.
: PRESSI
HERSON
8
. 1938 . .
, , .
, .
, . . ,
.
. , , .
, (Prinzhorn, 1922/1972) ,
,
, ,
.
20.
263
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
, . ,
, (Naumburg. 1966).
,
, . ,
,
,
,
,
,
. (
)
;
,
,
,
. . “
,—
,—
,
” (Freud, 1922/1963, . 90).
,
“ ” ,
, ,
.
, .
,
,
. , (Garai, 1978). ,
,
, ,
,
264
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
,
-
). ,
,
,
. .
, ,
(Kramer, 1958, 1978)
, . , .
.
,
, .
, , ,
.
, ,
(Ulman, 1975). , — , . , ,
(Hodnett, 1972—1973).
265
: PRESSI
HERSON
. -
(McNiff, 1976)
,
:
1)
.
,
; 2)
. ,
. ;
3)
. . ,
,
; 4)
,
.
,
;
5)
. ; .
6)
,
; 7)
.
, ;
8)
,
.
266
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
. ,
,
,
.
. ,
,
, -
.
, . .
,
. :
,
,
,
.
,
. (Jung, 1921/1970, . 63).
“
”
(Lyddiatt, 1971), ,
. . ,
.
—
. 267
: PRESSI
HERSON
. , ,
. “
”,
. , , ,
(Kramer, 1958). , . ,
, , . ,
, ,
,
,
“
,
.
”
,
,
,
,
,
1971).
,
. 30(Lyddi-att,
, ”.
, ,
.
,
. 268
: PRESSI
HERSON
(Kramer, 1958, .1 ), “ ,
,
”.
,
. , (Garai, 1978).
,
,
,
.
. ,
,
,
,
,
,
, .
:
.
. ,
. .
,
,
. ,
.
. (Garai, 1978). 269
: PRESSI
HERSON
.
, .
-
, .
,
.
,
,
,
. .
(Plokker, 1964).
,
,
. . , , (Naumburg, 1966)
, .
, ,
, .
,
,“
”
. , ,
, . ,
, . .
,
,
(Ulman & Levy, 1980), -
270
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
,
. 24-
. (Lyddiatt, 1971).
4
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
, . . ,
.
“
” .
,
,
,
, , ,
. , , (Harris & Joseph, 1973).
”, ,
,
,
. ,
, -
,
.
,
, , ”.
: “
, :“
.
,
.
271
: PRESSI
HERSON
,
“
”
.
,
, ,
,
.
:“
... ,
,
...
,
”.
,
,
”.
,
: ...
,
.
—
!” (Garai, 1978, . 103).
.
,
”, coi ^
.
, .
,t
,
),
,
! (Vassiliou 1968). < , (
:
?
.
: .
,
“
” ,
KOT(
!
' '
. ,
(Kymissis, 19?
1; .