Èñïîëüçîâàíèå òåñòîâ ïðè îáó÷åíèè èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó â óñëîâèÿõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ Ìàðêóøåâñêàÿ Ëàðèñà Ïåòðîâíà
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Èñïîëüçîâàíèå òåñòîâ ïðè îáó÷åíèè èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó â óñëîâèÿõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ Ìàðêóøåâñêàÿ Ëàðèñà Ïåòðîâíà
ÈÑÏÎËÜÇÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÒÅÑÒΠÏÐÈ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈÈ ÈÍÎÑÒÐÀÍÍÎÌÓ ßÇÛÊÓ Â ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÃÎ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈß Ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿì èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà, ñðîäíèâøèìñÿ ñ ìûñëüþ, ÷òî ñàìà ëè÷íîñòü ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ èãðàåò, åñëè è íå îñíîâíóþ, òî î÷åíü çíà÷èòåëüíóþ ðîëü ïðè îáó÷åíèè èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó (ýòî ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ è ñòóäåíòàìè, îòìå÷àþùèìè, ÷òî èõ çíàíèå/íåçíàíèå èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà çàâèñèò îò âîñïðèÿòèÿ ëè÷íîñòè ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ â øêîëå), âîçìîæíî, ñëîæíåå, ÷åì ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿì äðóãèõ ïðåäìåòîâ, ïðèäòè ê ðåøåíèþ èñïîëüçîâàòü ñèñòåìó äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ (ÑÄÎ) ñíà÷àëà â âèäå êîíòðîëèðóþùåãî, à çàòåì è îáó÷àþùåãî ñðåäñòâà. Íåîáõîäèìîñòü ðàçðàáîòêè ó÷åáíûõ ïðîãðàìì ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ÑÄÎ îáóñëîâëåíà ñëèøêîì áîëüøèìè ðàçëè÷èÿìè â çíàíèÿõ àáèòóðèåíòîâ (òàê â 20012002 ó÷åáíîì ãîäó ïðè àíîíèìíîì àíêåòèðîâàíèè ïðèìåðíî 13% ïîñòóïèâøèõ íà òåõíè÷åñêèå ôàêóëüòåòû ÑÏáÃÈÒÌÎ îöåíèëè ñâîè çíàíèÿ êàê íóëåâûå, 25% êàê ïîñðåäñòâåííûå, è òîëüêî 5% êàê îòëè÷íûå, â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðîãðàììíûìè òðåáîâàíèÿìè ñðåäíåé øêîëû). Òàêàÿ ðàçíîðîäíîñòü çíàíèé âíóòðè àêàäåìè÷åñêèõ ãðóïï ïîñòàâèëà ïðåïîäàâàòåëåé ïåðåä íåîáõîäèìîñòüþ ñîçäàíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ îáó÷àþùèõ ïðîãðàìì äëÿ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîé ðàáîòû ñòóäåíòîâ, òàê êàê îáðàçîâàòåëüíûé ñòàíäàðò â 340 ÷àñîâ äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà â òåõíè÷åñêîì âóçå íå äàåò âîçìîæíîñòè ëèêâèäèðîâàòü çíà÷èòåëüíûå ïðîáåëû â çíàíèÿõ. Îòìåòèì ñëåäóþùèå íàïðàâëåíèÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿò òåñòèðîâàíèÿ ïðè îáó÷åíèè èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó â óñëîâèÿõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ. 1. Îïðåäåëåíèå èñõîäíîãî óðîâíÿ Òåñò, ÿâëÿÿñü îïðåäåëåííîé ôîðìîé îðãàíèçàöèè ìàòåðèàëà, ïðîâåðÿåò ðàçëè÷-
ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈÅ
íûå íàâûêè êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ, ïðè ýòîì îí èìååò ðÿä ïðåèìóùåñòâ ïåðåä äðóãèìè âèäàìè ïðîâåðêè çíàíèé, òàê êàê âñå êîíòðîëèðóåìûå íàõîäÿòñÿ â îäèíàêîâûõ âðåìåííûõ óñëîâèÿõ, ðàáîòàþò ñ îäèíàêîâûì òåêñòîâûì ìàòåðèàëîì, ÷òî èñêëþ÷àåò ýëåìåíò ñëó÷àéíîñòè. Ïðè òåñòèðîâàíèè â ÑÄÎ öåëåñîîáðàçíî ïðîâåðÿòü çíàíèå ãðàììàòèêè, ñôîðìèðîâàííîñòü ó êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ êîììóíèêàòèâíîé êîìïåòåíöèè, òî åñòü óìåíèÿ èçâëåêàòü äîñòàòî÷íî òî÷íóþ èíôîðìàöèþ ïðè àíàëèçå èíîÿçû÷íûõ òåêñòîâ, ïðèîáðåòåíèå íàâûêîâ îçíàêîìèòåëüíîãî, ïðîñìîòðîâîãî/ïîèñêîâîãî ÷òåíèÿ. Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì òåñòîâ â ÑÄÎ è óñòíîãî ñîáåñåäîâàíèÿ ñ ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿìè ñòóäåíòû ðàñïðåäåëÿþòñÿ â ïîäãðóïïû â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ñòåïåíè èõ îáó÷åííîñòè ê ìîìåíòó ïîñòóïëåíèÿ â óíèâåðñèòåò (áàçîâûé, ïðîäâèíóòûé è óãëóáëåííûé óðîâíè, ïîñëåäíèé èç ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ îáû÷íî ïðåäñòàâëåí âûïóñêíèêàìè ñïåöøêîë). 2. Îáó÷àþùèå è êîíòðîëèðóþùèå òåñòû.  ñèñòåìå äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ íàèáîëåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ äâà òèïà êîíòðîëüíûõ (äèàãíîñòè÷åñêèõ/ïîðîãîâûõ è ðóáåæíûõ) òåñòîâ ïî èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó. Îíè ìîãóò áûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíû â çàêðûòîé ôîðìå èëè êàê òåñòû íà ñîîòâåòñòâèå. Çàêðûòûå òåñòû ïðåäïîëàãàþò âûáîð îäíîãî (èëè íåñêîëüêèõ) ïðàâèëüíûõ îòâåòîâ èç ïðåäëîæåííûõ àëüòåðíàòèâ. Êàæäàÿ àëüòåðíàòèâà (à èõ äîëæíî áûòü íå ìåíåå 3, ëó÷øå 45) èìååò ñõîäñòâî ñ ïðàâèëüíûì îòâåòîì, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäèíàêîâîé ïî îáúåìó è îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò äîñëîâíîé ôîðìóëèðîâêè â òåêñòå.
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Ìàðêóøåâñêàÿ Ë.Ï. Íàïðèìåð: 1) Óêàæèòå, êàêîå èç íèæåïðèâåäåííûõ ñóæäåíèé âûðàæàåò îñíîâíóþ ìûñëü òåêñòà (äàëåå ñëåäóåò íå äîñëîâíîå ïðåäëîæåíèå èç òåêñòà, à åãî ïåðåñêàç ñâîèìè ñëîâàìè). 2) Îïðåäåëèòå ïî ñóôôèêñó, ê êàêîé ÷àñòè ðå÷è îòíîñèòñÿ äàííîå ñëîâî. Designer a) ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå, b) íàðå÷èå, c) ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå, d) ãëàãîë, e) ìåñòîèìåíèå. Çàêðûòûìè òåñòîâûìè çàäàíèÿìè õîðîøî ïðîâåðÿòü óñâîåíèå ëåêñè÷åñêîãî, ãðàììàòè÷åñêîãî è òåêñòîâîãî ìàòåðèàëà, óìåíèå èçâëåêàòü îñíîâíóþ è âòîðîñòåïåííóþ èíôîðìàöèþ èç òåêñòà. Òåñòû íà ñîîòâåòñòâèå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñîáîé ïîäáîðêó ïàðû ñëîâ èëè ñîâìåùåíèå äâóõ ÷àñòåé ïðåäëîæåíèÿ. Îáÿçàòåëüíûì óñëîâèåì ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåðàâíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ñëîâ â äâóõ êîëîíêàõ, ÷òî èñêëþ÷àåò ýëåìåíò ïðîñòîãî óãàäûâàíèÿ ïîñëå ïîäáîðà íåñêîëüêèõ ïàð. Íàïðèìåð: 1) Óñòàíîâèòå ñîîòâåòñòâèå ìåæäó öèôðîâûìè è áóêâåííûìè âàðèàíòàìè: à) seven thousand and a hundred 1. 710 2. 7/10 b) seven point one 3. 7.1 c) seven tenths 4. 7,100 d) seven point one zero zero e) seven to the tenth power f) seven point a hundred 2) Ïîäáåðèòå ñèíîíèìû: Verbs
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
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1 produce run punch include rent load claim
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)
2 contain work manufacture lease enter perforate declare complete start apply
Nouns
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
1 amenity engine aim trend tycoon use design novice profit
a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k) l)
2 freshman monopolist application mechanism tendency gain image comfort purpose hole datum media
Òåñòû íà ñîîòâåòñòâèå êîíòðîëèðóþò çíàíèÿ âîêàáóëÿðà, óìåíèå èñïîëüçîâàòü ñòðîåâûå ñëîâà, îñâîåíèå òåðìèíîëîãè÷åñêîé ëåêñèêè. Äëÿ êîíòðîëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ íà ïðîäâèíóòîì è óãëóáëåííîì ýòàïå îáó÷åíèÿ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ îòêðûòûå òåñòû, ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþùèå ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíóþ ôîðìóëèðîâêó òåêñòîâîãî âûðàæåíèÿ, à òàêæå òåñòû íà óñòàíîâëåíèå ëîãè÷åñêîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè, ãäå îáó÷àþùèéñÿ äîëæåí óêàçàòü ïðàâèëüíûé ïîðÿäîê â ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ ýëåìåíòàõ. Íàïðèìåð: 1) Îïðåäåëèòå, êàêîé ÷àñòüþ ðå÷è âûðàæåíî ïîä÷åðêíóòîå â ïðåäëîæåíèè ñëîâî: The first personal computer, the Altair, was announced in Popular Electronics in 1975. 2) Ñîñòàâüòå îáùèé âîïðîñ ê ñëåäóþùåìó ïðåäëîæåíèþ: She has to take part at the conference.
Çàêðûòûå òåñòû ïðåäïîëàãàþò âûáîð îäíîãî (èëè íåñêîëüêèõ) ïðàâèëüíûõ îòâåòîâ èç ïðåäëîæåííûõ àëüòåðíàòèâ.
© ÊÎÌÏÜÞÒÅÐÍÛÅ ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒÛ Â ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈÈ. ¹ 2, 2002 ã.
Èñïîëüçîâàíèå òåñòîâ ïðè îáó÷åíèè èíîñòðàííîìó ÿçûêó â óñëîâèÿõ äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ 3) Ðàñïîëîæèòå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ â ëîãè÷åñêîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè: 1. Keppler invented the form of the refracting telescope which has a convex lens placed in back of the focus. 2. Hans Lippershey has been given credit for the invention of the telescope in 1608. 3. In 1930 Bernhard Schmidt invented the third type of telescope, which uses a spherical mirror and a correcting lens. 4. In 1609 Galileo learned of the invention of the telescope, built a threepower instrument.
5. Jesse Ramsden, an English instrument maker, reduced spherical aberration in the Cassegrain design, having used a paraboidal reflector and a hyperboloid for the secondary reflector. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ÑÄÎ äëÿ ïîðîãîâîãî è ðóáåæíîãî òåñòèðîâàíèÿ, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì êîòîðîãî ïðîâîäèòñÿ àòòåñòàöèÿ ñòóäåíòîâ ïî ïðåäìåòó, ïîçâîëÿåò ýêîíîìèòü àóäèòîðíîå âðåìÿ, êîòîðîãî íå õâàòàåò äëÿ èçó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà â òåõíè÷åñêîì âóçå, èñïîëüçîâàòü åãî äëÿ ðàçâèòèÿ òàêèõ âèäîâ ðå÷åâîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè êàê ãîâîðåíèå è àóäèðîâàíèå.
Ëèòåðàòóðà 1. Áåñïîëîâ Î.Â. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå èíôîðìàöèîííûõ òåõíîëîãèé â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé ïîäãîòîâêå ñòóäåíòîâ. Ó÷åáíî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå îáúåäèíåíèå âûñøèõ è ñðåäíèõ ó÷åáíûõ çàâåäåíèé Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ïî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíî-ïåäàãîãè÷åñêîìó îáðàçîâàíèþ, Åêàòåðèíáóðã, 1 (26), 2000. 2. Âàñèëüåâ Â.Í., Ëèñèöûíà Ë.Ñ., Ëÿìèí À.Â., Øåõîíèí À.À. Ñèñòåìà äèñòàíöèîííîãî îáó÷åíèÿ ÑÏáÃÈÒÌÎ: ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû ðàçâèòèÿ.  ñá. Ñîâðåìåííûå îáðàçîâàòåëüíûå òåõíîëîãèè. ÑÏá: ÑÏáÃÈÒÌÎ(ÒÓ), 2001. 3. Äèñòàíöèîííîå îáó÷åíèå. Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå / Ïîä ðåä. Ïîëàò Å.Ñ. Ì.: ÂËÀÄÎÑ, 1998.
Ìàðêóøåâñêàÿ Ëàðèñà Ïåòðîâíà, äîöåíò, çàâåäóþùàÿ êàôåäðîé èíîñòðàííûõ ÿçûêîâ ÑàíêòÏåòåðáóðãñêîãî ãîñóäàñòâåííîãî èíñòèòóòà òî÷íîé ìåõàíèêè è îïòèêè (ÑÏáÃÈÒÌÎ). ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÓ×ÅÍÈÅ
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