Английский язык: Пособие для поступающих на гуманитарные факультеты ВГУ

Федеральное агентство по образованию Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Воронежский государственный университет

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ ПОСТУПАЮЩИХ НА ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ ФАКУЛЬТЕТЫ ВГУ

Составители: А.П. Бабушкин Г.И.Коныгина

ВОРОНЕЖ 2006

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Утверждено Научно-методическим советом ф-та РГФ 12 декабря 2006г., протокол №10.

Рецензент к.ф.н. Трухина С.А.

Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре английского языка гуманитарных факультетов ф - та РГФ Воронежского государственного университета. Рекомендуется для подготовки к сдаче вступительного экзамена по английскому языку. Знакомит с материалами вступительных испытаний предыдущих лет, отражающих новые требования к поступающим на гуманитарные факультеты университета. Состоит из 10 частей, в состав каждой из которых входят различные экзаменационные задания. Снабжено ключами для самостоятельной работы.

Для специальности ГСЭ.Ф.01.1 - Английский язык

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Test 1 1. Read the texts and do the tests. Money at Work Go to a city anywhere in the United States. In it you will find people who own businesses, people who work in businesses, and people who buy products and services from businesses. One thing keeps the products and services flowing from producers to buyers: money. Workers use the money they earn to buy things they need and want. Companies use that money to make more things that people need and want. People who start companies also have to convince other people to invest in them. To get people to invest, companies offer them a chance to make money. They can do this in a number of ways. Some companies sell stock. The people who buy stock own a piece of the company. If the company makes a profit, so will the stockholders. If the company does not do well, stockholders may lose their money. Businesses can also sell bonds. People who buy bonds lend their money to the company. To make it worthwhile for lenders, companies pay interest on the money. Businesses also get loans from banks. They pay interest to the bank. The bank uses the money in people’s bank accounts to make loans. It pays them interest in exchange for using their money. Are these statements true or false? 1. People who own businesses aren’t interested in investments. 2. To borrow money from banks is the only way for businesses to expand. 3. Workers use stocks and bonds to buy things they need. 4. People who keep money in banks earn interest on it. 5. Investors give money to a company, business or bank in order to get a profit. They Read Pictures The Chinese began writing their language over 3,000 years ago. Their way of writing is very different from ours. Until a few years ago, the Chinese did not have an alphabet. Their language was written in characters. These characters were a little like pictures. Each one stood for a different word. Probably the first characters had been pictures. The character for "sun" was a circle with a dot in the centre. The character for "man" looked like a body with two legs. As time went on, the characters changed. New ones were added. A person could no longer tell what a character meant just by looking at it. In order to read or write, people had to learn thousands of characters. Even to read a newspaper, they had to know 2,000 different characters. Learning so many characters was difficult. Many people in China could not read or write. In fact, there were letter writers in front of Chinese post offices. These people sat at tables and were paid to write letters for others.

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Choose the correct answer. 1. The first Chinese characters were probably a. letters. c. people. b. circles. d. pictures. 2. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. few Chinese wrote their own letters. b. the Chinese alphabet is very old. c. it is easy to read a Chinese newspaper. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. Chinese post offices. b. Chinese characters. c. characters in a play. 4. Why did the Chinese need to know so many characters to write? a. Chinese has more words than other languages. b. Each character stood for a different word. c. They liked to write long letters. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. Chinese characters looked more like drawings than letters. b. The Chinese invented an alphabet hundreds of years ago. c. Chinese characters did not change through the years. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. My parents __________ a jeep. a) have got b) got c) are 2. My mother rarely __________ TV. a) is watching b) watches c) watch 3. __________ pullover do you like best? The red or the blue one? a) Which b) What c) Where 4. My father often __________ me to the playground when I was little. a) took b) takes c) take 5. How long have they __________ married? a) been b) be c) being 6. At one time everybody __________ go to church on a Sunday. a) used b) used to c) use 7. Kathy __________ some cakes when she burnt her hand. a) was baking b) baked c) has baked 8. A purse belonging to one of the girls in my class __________ on an underground train. a) was stolen b) stole c) steal 9. Would you mind __________ a letter for me? a) posting b) to post c) post 10. He picked up the telephone and dialled, but the line was dead. Someone __________ the wire. a) had cut b) cut c) has cut.

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11. If Tom __________ the car, we won’t go to the seaside. a) doesn’t bring b) won’t bring c) don’t bring 12. “Why didn’t you go to the party?” “Because __________ of my friends was invited.” a) both b) either c) none 13. He tried __________ to solve the problem, but he couldn’t do it. a) hardly b) hard c) highly 14. I can’t find the newspaper. Where did you put __________ ? a) one b) it c) them 15. Bad news __________ make people happy. a) don’t b) doesn’t c) isn’t 16. The minute we reached the beach, the children ran into __________ to swim. a) the sea b) a sea c) sea 17. You’ve put __________ salt in the soup. We can’t eat it. a) too many b) many too c) too much 18. If I __________ you, I wouldn’t complain about it. a) am b) were c) be 19. It’s high time you __________ how to drive. a) had learnt b) learnt c) will learn 20. He is completely ignorant __________ British history. a) for b) about c) to 21. Being hit in the chest by a bullet, the soldier __________ died. a) nearly b) near c) nearby 22. The __________ after the escaped prisoners. a) police are b) police is c) police have 23. She was __________ from what I expected. a) quite different b) a quite different c) quiet different 24. It was snowing __________ heavily that I couldn’t see where I was going. a) so b) such c) such a 25. I can smell smoke __________ in through the windows. a) come b) coming c) to come 26. __________ tomorrow, so we can go out somewhere. a) I’m not working b) I don’t work c) I work 27. He is a __________ man. a) handsome tall young b) tall handsome young c) young handsome tall 28. Paul is holding the prize __________ he won in the competition. a) where b) who c) which 29. The thief climbed __________ the wall and escaped. a) into b) over c) near 30. “When was the last time you read a book?” “I haven’t read __________ for months.” a) it b) they c) one

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3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being educated at home? Home Schooling All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. Children who are educated at home are known as “home scholars.” There are about 300,000 home scholars in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home. Interestingly, results show that home school children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and maths. David Guterson and his wife teach their 3 children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. Learning starts with the children’s interest and questions. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears and winter tourism. On a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space programme. If the Brazilian rain forests influence the climate, how deserts are formed, and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels. Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home scholars are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. However, most parents don’t have the time or desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be the places where most children get their formal education. 4. Speak on the problem What should ordinary people do in their everyday life to become friendlier to nature? Test 2 1. Read the texts and do the tests. A Noisy Dance Young people in most countries like to dance. Different peoples have different kinds of dances. Pretend that you are in Africa. You are visiting the Kikuyu tribe. Hear the drums beat! Listen to the flutes! Almost 2,000 Kikuyus are meeting for the most important dance of the year. First, the Kikuyus choose a large, flat place for their dance. For hundreds of years, they have danced on a fall night when the moon is full. The moon and the glow from small fires light the dancers. Older people watch from the side while young men and women gather at the dancing place. The girls wear beaded leather skirts and tops. The men wear fancy headdresses and carry spears. The dancers' skin and clothes are coloured by light red chalk. The chalk and the firelight make the dancers look like statues. The dancers act out stories of good and bad deeds. The dances tell stories of lion hunts and other adventures. In one dance, the girls stand on the boys' feet. The

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girls are pretending to be afraid of snakes. All night the drums beat and the fires burn. But the dancers never seem to get tired. Choose the correct answer. 1. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. few people go to Kikuyu dances. b. the Kikuyu dance is an old custom. c. the Kikuyu girls and boys dance to band music. 2. The dancers' skin and clothes are covered with a. paint. c. feathers. b. dust. d. chalk. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. the beat of drums. b. an African dance. c. African storytelling. 4. What do the Kikuyu dances tell? a. The dances tell the story of drum beats. b. The dances tell about adventures. c. The dances tell funny jokes. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. The Kikuyus do not often get together. b. Dancing is important to the Kikuyus. c. The most important event is a singing group. From Farm to Family Everyone knows cows give milk. But did you know that machines get the milk from farm to family? At one time, a farmer had to milk his cows by hand. (1) ___. A milking machine can milk two or more cows at one time. And it does the job in a matter of minutes. From the milking machine, the milk flows through pipes into a big metal tank. (2) ___. The tank truck can hold 2,000 gallons of milk and keep it cold. The tank truck may go to a dairy more than 100 miles away. (3) ___. It is also put into bottles. Bottling machines do the work of many hands. They wash and scrub thousands of bottles inside and out. (4) ___. This machine fills each bottle with the right amount of milk. (5) ___. Other machines put milk into paper cartons. After the milk has been put into bottles or cartons, it is ready for your family. Put in the missing sentences. A. There, the milk is kept cool until a large tank truck stops at the farm. B. When the bottles are clean, they are carried on a moving belt to a bottle-filling machine. C. Then it puts on the cap. D. Today, many farmers have electric milking machines to do the work for them. E. At the dairy, the milk is heated to kill germs.

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2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. Steve __________ a bicycle. a) hasn’t got b) don’t have c) there isn’t 2. I always __________ a glass of milk in the morning. a) am drinking b) drink c) drinks 3. “__________ do you exercise?” “Three times a week.” a) How many b) How much c) How often 4. He __________ his presents on Christmas morning. a) open b) opened c) opening 5. They __________ a yacht. a) have bought b)have been bought c) had bought 6. My brother __________ work for PanAm, now he works for Intercontinental Hotels. a) used to b) used c) use 7. I __________ in Amsterdam when I met Barbara Wong. a) has lived b) lived c) was living 8. Guns __________ by English policemen only in special circumstances. a) are carried b) carried c) was carried 9. She can’t stand __________ there any longer. a) work b) working c) to work 10. After I __________ the papers, I made a pot of tea. a) had fetched b) fetched c) have fetched 11. If the train __________ on time, they’ll soon be here. a) arrives b) will arrive c) arrived 12. “There are some very nice shoes in that shop.” “I know, but __________ of them are very expensive.” a) all b) neither c) either 13. We could see the bird’s nest __________ up in the tree. a) highly b) height c) high 14. “Can I have a dictionary?” “I’m sorry. I haven’t got _________.” a) one b) it c) this 15. Everyone in the team __________ well. a) plays b) play c) playing 16. The ambulance took the injured people to __________. a) a hospital b) the hospital c) hospital 17. __________ milk do you take in your tea? a) How many b) How much c) Much how 18. If I __________ you, I wouldn’t drive in the snow. a) am b) be c) were 19. It’s high time they __________ some changes. a) made b) had made c) will make 20. This restaurant is regarded __________ one of the best in the country. a) of b) by c) as

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21. “You’re up very early today.” “I know. I don’t want to be __________ for my interview.” a) late b) lately c) later 22. Two kilometres __________ a long way to go on foot. a) is b) are c) be 23. I took my dog for a walk even though it was __________ outside. a) rather cold b) cold rather c) the coldest 24. It was __________ funny story that everyone laughed. a) so b) such c) such a 25. I saw you __________ to work the other day. a) cycling b) cycle c) to cycle 26. “Ann is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. __________her tomorrow.” a) I visit b) I’m going to visit c) I’ll visit 27. There are some __________ books in the local library. a) English old valuable b) valuable old English c) valuable English old 28. That’s the woman __________ best friend is a film star. a) whose b) who’s c) which 29. The train from England to France goes __________ the Channel Tunnel. a) through b) across c) along 30. “I need a loaf of bread.” “I’ll buy __________ this afternoon.” a) one b) it c) them 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. What can people do to save wild animals from extinction? Saved from Extinction A lot of animals have become extinct during the last 100 years. This is the true story of how one animal was saved from almost certain extinction. It begins in 1930. Professor Aharoni was a zoologist who was also interested in ancient history. He had read about a pet that was popular with children in ancient Assyria. From the descriptions of the animal Professor Aharoni understood that it was a kind of a mouse, but it seemed to be different from any mouse in the 20th century. Certainly children didn’t keep mice as pets in Syria in 1930. There had been no reports of the animal for more than 1000 years, but the professor decided to find out more about it. Ho hoped to find a skeleton. The ancient writings that the professor had read all said that the “mouse” was common in the ancient city of Chaleb. The city had been destroyed many years before and was now in ruin. The modern city of Aleppo in Syria had grown up on the site of Chaleb. Professor Aharoni went to Aleppo and started looking for a skeleton of the extinct mouse. One day, quite by chance, he found a hole in the ground with a family of 13 golden rodents. He had found the last survivors of this ancient Assyrian children’s pet. The animals had survived in the wild for more than 1000 years. No one in modern times had ever recorded seeing these animals and even more strangely, nobody has found any more in the wild. The animal is now a popular children’s pet all over the world and is known as the golden hamster. With Professor Aharoni’s protection, the animals multiplied at an astonishing speed. The golden hamster can produce babies after only 15 days, and by 1940 there were several million of them. Now

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there are at least 100 million hamsters in the world and there are hundreds of different types and colours. Every one of them is descended from Professor Aharoni’s little family of 13 animals from Aleppo. 4.Speak on the problem Would you like to live alone or with your parents? Why? Test 3 1. Read the texts and do the tests. The Siesta In Mexico many people stop working for several hours in the afternoon. These Mexicans eat a big lunch and visit their friends. Later they may have time to lie down and enjoy a quiet rest. The custom of resting in the afternoon is an old one. The weather in Mexico is very warm. Many years ago, people could not work outside in the middle of the day. It was too hot. They had a time of rest at midday called the siesta. Now, professional people usually work in air-conditioned buildings, but some of them still take time off from work at midday. In Mexico lunch is the biggest meal of the day for most people. Office workers usually have about two hours for lunch. There are few quick-lunch counters to visit for a fast snack. If people do not want to go home, they eat in a hotel or restaurant. Outside of the large cities most people go home for lunch so the whole family can eat together. Mexicans want a long lunchtime. They do not like to hurry. They want to enjoy the meal and to visit their family and friends. They want time for a siesta. Choose the correct answer. 1. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. there are many people in Mexico who do not go home for lunch. b. people going home for lunch cause traffic jams in cities. c. Mexicans are in a hurry at lunchtime. 2. In Mexico the biggest meal of the day is a. breakfast. c. dinner. b. an evening snack. d. lunch. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. Mexican food. b. the weather in Mexico. c. lunchtime in Mexico. 4. Why do the Mexicans like to have a long lunchtime? a. They don't like to work in air-conditioned buildings. b. They like time to visit their family and friends. c. It takes a long time to eat the many foods that are served. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. Mexicans do not like to eat quick lunches. b. Even with air-conditioning, it is too hot to work in Mexico. c. Mexican families do not often eat together.

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Working Children Almost since time began children have helped their parents at home. In the 1700s, a great change was taking place in England. Cloth and other things which had been made by hand in homes were now made by machines in factories. New inventions caused this change, which was called the Industrial Revolution. Children then began to work outside their homes. Factory owners liked children to work for them. They had small hands and could work the cloth-making machines quicker than an adult. They worked for little money and did as they were told. But the factory owners were often cruel to the children. Five- and six-year-old children were chained to their machines. They often worked as long as 16 hours a day. They did not have nice places to live and were not fed enough. They did not go to school. Sometimes they were taken away from their parents and did not see them again. At last, the government in England began to make laws that helped the children. One of these laws was passed in 1819. It said that children under nine years old could not work in factories. In time, the laws of most countries protected their children. Are these statements true or false? 1. Children were traditionally taught skills necessary to produce handmade goods. 2. The Industrial Revolution brought about great changes. One of them was employing large numbers of children. 3. It was extremely difficult for employers to treat children cruelly because they easily organised industrial action. 4. Children working in factories were deprived of their most basic rights. 5. In Britain special laws were passed by Parliament to protect children 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. Sharks __________ sharp teeth. a) there are b) have got c) has got 2. She usually __________ tennis at the weekend. a) plays b) is playing c) play 3. “__________ have you lived in England?” “Five years.” a) How long b) How often c) How much 4. He __________ an interesting book last week. a) read b) has read c) reads 5. Have you posted the letter __________? a) still b) yet c) already 6. This building is now a furniture shop. It __________ be a cinema. a) used b) use c) used to 7. The people __________ out of the cinema when the bomb exploded. a) were coming b) came c) has come 8. The great defensive wall in the north of England __________ by the Romans. a) built b) had built c) was built

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9. I can’t help __________ cross about it. a) to feeling b) feel c) feeling 10. He had to walk home because the last bus __________. a) had gone b) went c) has gone 11. If Sheila gets this new promotion, we __________ enough money for a holiday abroad this year. a) shall have b) have c) had 12. “How many people do you work with?” “Only two, but __________ of them have more experience than I do.” a) either b) all c) both 13. I got this pen __________ with a magazine. a) freely b) free c) for freely 14. By the time I got home, __________ nearly ten o’clock. a) there was b) they were c) it was 15. The meal is wonderful. Everything __________ delicious! a) taste b) tastes c) is tasting 16. The men who robbed the bank are in __________ now. a) the prison b) a prison c) prison 17. She’s got __________ books. She doesn’t know where to put them all. a) too much b) too many c) many too 18. I __________ to the bank manager if I were you. a) would talk b) will talk c) talked 19. It’s about time she __________ how to cook. a) learnt b) had learnt c) will learn 20. She prides herself __________ keeping the house clean and tidy. a) on b) to c) in 21. He __________ answered the questions in the test. a) easily b) easy c) easiest 22. __________ my friends live nearby. a) Most of b) The most of c) Much of 23. It’s warm today but there’s __________. a) quite a strong wind b) the quite strong wind c) quite strong wind 24. The restaurant is __________ popular that you have to book a table a week in advance. a) so b) such c) such a 25. I can feel my hands __________. a) shake b) to shake c) shaking 26. He __________ a few days off next week. a) will have taken b) is going to take c) takes 27. He is a __________ musician. a) talented black jazz b) black jazz talented c) jazz black talented 28. The woman __________ lives in that house is very rich. a) which b) who c) whose 29. Spending too much time __________ the TV is bad for your eyes. a) in front of b) above c) before

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30. “Can I have a dictionary?” “I’m sorry I haven’t got __________.” a) it b) one c) them 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. Do you believe that strange creatures like Yeti or Nessie really exist? The Abominable Snowman He has been called the “missing link” half-man, half-beast. He is huge, maybe as much as about 2.5 metres. All his body is covered with long brown hair, but his face is hairless. His head is pointed but he looks like a man. He walks upright, standing on 2 feet. He lives near the top of the highest mountain in the world – Mount Everest. He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The legend of the Abominable Snowman is not new. For years local people have reported seeing the creature they call “Yeti” – the all-eating animal coming down from the mountains and attacking villagers. Climbers in the 1920s reported stories of huge footprints they saw high in the Himalayas – footprints unlike any animal’s they had seen before. In 1951 the explorer Eric Shipton took photographs of enormous tracks in the snow of Mount Everest. Shipton concluded that these footprints could not have been the tracks of any ordinary animal. He assumed that the Abominable Snowman really existed and must have walked around in that area. These days few people still believe in the Abominable Snowman. There have only been footprints in the snow as evidence of this creature. Scientists say there should have been more evidence. They suggest that the tracks may have been bear tracks. The sun can cause tracks to melt and when the tracks refreeze, they look like large footprints such as those on Mount Everest. If anyone ever succeeded in catching an Abominable Snowman, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel. 4.Speak on the problem. What is the most important event in the history of our country? Test 4 1. Read the texts and do the tests. The Castes of India Long ago, around 1500 B.C., warriors from the north came down into the country we now call India. They fought their way through mountain passes. Finally, these warriors, the Aryans, became the rulers of the country. The Aryans thought that they were more important than the people who had lost. So they kept their subjects separate from themselves. They divided their subjects into four groups, or classes. The people in each class made their living in a different way. Some were religious leaders, and some were soldiers. Others were farmers. Most were workers. And some people were thought to be so low they were not in a class at all. These people were called Untouchables. Separate classes became a part of Indian life. These classes were called castes. Indians of different castes could not eat or work together. They could not marry each other. The people believed that they were born into castes, and they could never leave

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them. In many country villages people still live this way. But most modern Indians do not pay much attention to the castes. An Untouchable even became president of India! Are these statements true or false? 1. About 1500 B.C. the Aryans conquered the neighbouring India. 2. After the conquest the Indians eagerly divided into four separate classes. 3. Each caste made their living in a different way. 4. The Untouchables are people of the highest social group in the Hindu caste system. 5. The caste system is sacred to Indians and no one dares to change it. The Modern Farmer How do farmers decide if it's time to plant the wheat? (1) ___. Since conditions vary from year to year, the best time to plant is not exactly the same every year. (2) ___. The computer also helps farmers know what crops to plant. (3) ___. It also uses information about the prices crops are getting and how much is being grown. Farmers also use computers to help them buy the right amount of seed and fertilizers. (4) ___. Computers go out into the fields with the farmers. Computers on tractors make certain that seeds are planted in the right places and that the right number are planted in each place. (5) ___. With their computers, farmers have joined the modern work force in order to do a better job of growing the foods we need. Put in the missing sentences. A. It takes into account weather conditions, soil types, and the amount of water in the soil. B. This saves farmers money because they don't overbuy, "just in case." C. Not so long ago they went by the calendar, but now they use computers. D. Computers are also found on the trucks used to spread fertilizer to ensure that farmers apply exactly the right amount. E. A computer can read all the data and find the best time. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. Most animals __________ four legs. a) has got b) there are c) have got 2. The sun __________ in the west. a) set b) don’t set c) sets 3. “__________ bicycle is red and black?” “Tim’s.” a) Whose b) Which c) What 4. Last Sunday the Carter family __________ camping in the countryside. a) went b) go c) goes 5. I __________ a teacher for four years. a) am b) was c) have been 6. I rarely eat ice cream now but I __________ like it when I was a child. a) used to b) didn’t use c) didn’t use t

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7. George __________ football when he injured his leg. a) was playing b) played c) has played 8. In Britain many fine roads __________ in the first century AD. a) made b) were made c) have made 9. Helen suggested __________ to the pictures. a) going b) go c) to go 10. The policemen were very disappointed because they __________ a burglar. a) didn’t catch b) had not caught c) have not caught 11. If I __________ a pay rise, I’m going to buy a new car. a) get b) shall get c) got 12. “Mum, did you make a chocolate cake today?” “Well, I made two cakes, but __________ of them was chocolate.” a) neither b) both c) either 13. Many actors were __________ the invited guests at the award ceremony. a) among b) between c) in 14. __________ a long way to the airport. a) It’s b) There is c) Its 15. Everybody __________ to be happy. a) want b) wants c) is wanting 16. Her father went to __________ to see her teacher yesterday. a) the school b) school c) a school 17. “Can you see David?” “No, there are __________ people in front of me.” a) too much b) too many c) much too 18. If I were you, I __________ for a new job. a) would look b) will look c) looked 19. It’s high time they __________ something about it. a) did b) will do c) have done 20. There’s a book on the table, __________? a) there isn’t b) there is c) isn’t there 21. Rob was a very poor archer. His arrow flew __________ into the air and landed behind him. a) high b) highly c) height 22. My favourite TV series __________ “Eastenders.” a) is b) are c) be 23. That dress is __________. I can’t afford to buy it. a) rather expensive b) expensive rather c) most expensive 24. “Did you enjoy your stay in the hotel?” “Yes. They were __________ friendly people that we felt very welcome.” a) such a b) so c) such 25. I saw the lightning __________ the tree last night. a) hitting b) to hit c) hit 26. “What are your plans for the summer?” “I __________ with my cousins in the country.” a) will have stayed b) stay c) am going to stay

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27. He’s a very __________ man. a) interesting old b) old interesting c) old and more interesting 28. This is the man __________ dog I look after sometimes. a) whose b) who’s c) which 29. John fell __________ his bicycle and hurt his knee. a) off b) around c) down 30. Are these your chocolates? May I have __________, please? a) it b) ones c) one 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. Do you believe that Lord Carnarvon died because of the pharaohs’ revenge or it was just a coincidence? The Pharaohs’ Revenge One of the most exciting archaeological discoveries in history was made in November 1922, when Howard Carter was working in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. After many months of work, he finally came across an unknown tomb. Together with his friend Lord Carnarvon, who was providing the money for the excavations, he entered the dark chamber. At first there was disappointment, because the tomb was empty and it was clear that it had been robbed at some time in the past. However, one of the workers eventually uncovered a small stairway that led down to another door that had not been opened. Carter went down the dark staircase, walking carefully in case there were any traps. As he opened the door, Lord Carnarvon asked if he could see anything. He replied, "Yes - wonderful things." It was clear at once that they had discovered what they had been looking for. The tomb of the boy pharaoh Tutankhamun was full of treasures of great value. There were over 5,000 objects of silver, gold and precious stones which had lain there undiscovered for thousands of years. Lord Carnarvon’s pleasure at discovering the treasures did not last long. Many of the local people were afraid of disturbing the pharaohs’ tombs, and believed that the pharaohs would take revenge on anyone who entered them. Lord Carnarvon had paid little attention to these warnings, but only a few weeks later, he suddenly fell ill and died; at the exact time of his death, all the lights in Cairo suddenly went out, and far away in England, his dog also died. 4. Speak on the problem. If you had a chance to go abroad, where would you go and why? Test 5 1. Read the texts and do the tests. Labour Unions The Industrial Revolution brought great changes in both England and the United States. Many workers were needed to work the new machines. People from the country went to the cities to find jobs in factories. Sometimes these factory workers were not well treated. Their working days were very long. Their pay was small. The bosses did not listen to the demands of one or two workers. In America, the workers began to band together into groups called

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"labour unions." These groups were the first unions in the world. A labour union could demand better working conditions. If its demands were not met, the people in the union would not work. They went "on strike" until they had what they wanted. At first, unions were small groups in their own cities. If they had strikes that did not work, the unions fell apart. Next, all the unions in a city grouped together. All the people in all the unions were able to help one another. At last, unions from all over the country banded together into very large groups. Then the unions were a more powerful group. People felt that they had help when they asked for better working conditions. Are these statements true or false? 1. The Industrial Revolution was the time when new machines were invented and new factories were set up. 2. Labour Unions were organisations which were formed to represent and defend the interests of the employers. 3. Labour Unions first appeared in Australia. 4. Industrial workers were disgracefully exploited by factory owners. 5. Labour Unions efficiently help workers in their struggle for better living and working conditions. Beautiful Parks As our cities grow bigger, more land is taken up by buildings. For miles on each side of many big cities, buildings take the place of trees. But even people who live in cities can enjoy America's parks and forests. (1) ___. No one can build houses or stores there. The parks are kept so that people can hike, camp, and picnic. (2) ___. One of the most popular American parks is Yellowstone National Park in the Northwest. It is the oldest of all the parks owned by the government. In 1872, it was set aside for the people to enjoy. (3) ___. They see high mountains, beautiful waterfalls, and thousands of hot water springs called geysers. Yellowstone has more geysers than all the rest of the world together. Forests were not always open to all the people. (4) ___. It was against the law for the people to go there. (5) ___. They are glad that their parks are kept open for everyone to use and enjoy. Put in the missing sentences. A. Each year, thousands of people come to Yellowstone. B. Most people in America like to go to parks. C. Found in different parts of America, these parks are owned by the government. D. In England long ago, the forests belonged to the king. E. They can relax there. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. It’s a nice flat but it __________ a balcony. a) hasn’t got b) doesn’t got c) isn’t

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2. That villa __________ to a rich businessman. a) belongs b) belong c) is belonging 3. “__________ do you get up in the morning?” “At seven.” a) How b) What time c) Where 4. The robber __________ over the wall and ran away. a) is jumping b) jumps c) jumped 5. John __________ phoned me yet. a) hasn’t b) hasn’t never c) has already 6. When I was younger I __________ play badminton for my local team. a) used to b) used c) use 7. The lorry __________ down the hill when the brakes failed. a) was going b) have gone c) went 8. The large portrait over the fireplace __________ by a famous artist. a) was painted b) has painted c) painted 9. Forgive my __________ you, but where did you get that bag? a) asking b) to ask c) ask 10. He felt very embarrassed because he __________ a mistake. a) had made b) made c) has made 11. If I __________ him, I’ll tell him the good news. a) shall see b) saw c) see 12. “Have you got any brothers?” “I’ve got two. __________ of them are older than me.” a) Either b) Both c) All 13. The music was so loud that I could __________ hear what he was saying. a) hard b) hardly c) harder 14. “Titanic” is an amazing film.” “I know. I’ve seen __________ twice.” a) one b) its c) it 15. Everything __________ ready for the wedding. a) is b) are c) am 16. Her husband is in __________, having an operation. a) hospital b) a hospital c) the hospital 17. Don’t eat __________ ice-cream before dinner. a) too many b) too much c) much too 18. If I __________ you, I wouldn’t go to that party. a) were b) be c) am 19. It’s high time you __________ a job. a) have got b) will get c) got 20. He can afford a holiday. He earns more than enough to live __________. a) on b) with c) for 21. “Sarah is in a good mood today.” “Yes. She looks very __________.” a) happily b) happy c) happier 22. Both my __________ work in a bank. a) brother-in-law b) brother-in-laws c) brothers-in-law 23. This is the __________ day of the year. a) hot b) hotter c) hottest

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24. The car was __________ expensive that I decided not to buy it. a) such b) such an c) so 25. I didn’t hear you __________ in. You must have been very quiet. a) come b) to come c) came 26. Alex __________ married next month. a) gets b) will get c) is getting 27. Yesterday she bought __________ bag. a) an expensive Italian leather b) an Italian expensive leather c) a leather Italian expensive 28. The reason __________ he is happy is that he has just passed his exams. a) why b) which c) when 29. I met some interesting people __________ the party last night. a) on b) at c) in 30. “Have you got a car?” “No, I can’t afford __________.” a) one b) ones c) it 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. What is it like to wake up one day with more money than you can imagine? The National Lottery Nearly all of us have fantasized about winning the big prize in The National Lottery. We dream about what we would do with the money, but we rarely stop to think about what the money would do to us! For most of us, our way of life is closely linked to our economic circumstances. The different parts of our lives fit together like a jigsaw: work, home, friends, hobbies, and the local pub make our world. This is where we belong and where we feel at home. A sudden huge windfall would dramatically change it all and smash the jigsaw. For example, most people like the idea of not having to work, but winners have found that without work there is no purpose to their day, and no reason to get up in the morning. It is tempting to move to a bigger house in a wealthy neighbourhood but, in so doing, you leave old friends and routines behind. Winners are usually advised not to publicize their address and phone number, but charity requests and begging letters still arrive. If they are not careful, most of their money will be frittered away on lawyers' fees to protect them from demanding relatives, guards to protect their homes and swimming pools, and psychotherapists to protect their sanity! 4.Speak on the problem. What are the main problems young people face in the modern world? Test 6 1. Read the texts and do the tests. They Speak with Their Hands For many years, no one could communicate with people who had been born without hearing. These deaf people were not able to use a spoken language. But, beginning in the 1700s, the deaf were taught a special language. Using

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this language, they could share thoughts and ideas with others. The language they used was a language without sound. It was a sign language. How did this sign language work? The deaf were taught to make certain movements using their hands, faces, and bodies. These movements stood for things and ideas. People might move their forefingers across their lips. This meant, "You are not telling the truth." They might tap their chins with three fingers. This meant "my uncle." The deaf were also taught to use a finger alphabet. They used their fingers to make the letters of the alphabet. In this way, they spelled out words. Some deaf people could spell out words at a speed of 130 words per minute. Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much as they once were. Today, the deaf are taught to understand others by watching their lips. They are also taught how to speak. Are these statements true or false? 1. The deaf are people who are unable to see. 2. Sign language of the deaf is a way of expressing meaning through hand movements instead of spoken words. 3. Sign language and finger alphabet are no longer used by the deaf. 4. One of the ways of teaching the deaf to understand others is by watching their hands. 5. Nowadays special teachers train the deaf to speak. A Very Hot Air-Bath In Finland, most houses have a sauna. (1) ___. Stones piled over the furnace are heated red-hot. After the stones are heated, the sauna is used for taking a sauna bath. (2) ___. People taking a sauna bath sit or lie on a wood platform in the hot, dry air. The hot air makes them perspire. From time to time, they pour water on the hot stones to make clouds of steam. People in the sauna sometimes beat themselves with branches from a birch tree. They do this to make themselves perspire more. Then they wash with soap and water. (3) ___. The sauna is often built near a lake so people can go from the hot sauna into the cold water. (4) ___. After cooling off, they rest. In Finland, most families take a sauna bath at least once a week. (5) ___. It is a healthful way to relax and enjoy themselves. Put in the missing sentences. A. After washing, they cool off in cold water. B. For Finns, this bath is more than a way to get clean. C. The sauna is a small wood hut or a room with a furnace inside. D. If it is winter, they may roll in the snow. E. The temperature in the sauna is sometimes over 190 degrees. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. The photograph was very good, so I had it __________. a) enlarge b) enlarging c) enlarged

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2. If I __________ in love with Gloria, I wouldn’t have asked her to marry me. a) hadn’t been b) wouldn’t have been c) were not 3. I always wear __________ shoes. a) soft leather training b) leather training soft c) soft training leather 4. He __________ play computer games when he was a teenager but now he doesn’t. a) used to b) used c) didn’t use to 5. I’m afraid we haven’t got __________ to eat. a) anything b) something c) some 6. I haven’t been to the theatre __________ last Christmas. a) for b) at c) since 7. You shouldn’t have __________ him all that money. a) given b) give c) giving 8. If you didn’t come, we __________ very disappointed. a) will be b) would be c) be 9. It’s not worth __________ any more time on this. a) spending b) spend c) to spend 10. The police officers __________ sign the confession. a) made him b) made him to c) made to him 11. Don’t interrupt me __________ I am talking. a) while b) by the time c) until 12. She is learning to drive, __________? a) isn’t she b) is she c) she is 13. She works __________ an accountant in a local bank. a) like b) as c) same 14. They hardly ever go to the theatre, __________? a) they don’t b) don’t they c) do they 15. Sophie is very clever. She __________ seven different languages. a) is speaking b) speak c) speaks 16. Sandra __________ to using a computer, but now she enjoys it. a) isn’t used b) will get used c) wasn’t used 17. I wish I was brilliant __________ English. a) in b) at c) about 18. The wind blew all the important __________ off my desk. a) paper b) a paper c) papers 19. He smiled __________. a) friendly b) friend c) in a friendly way 20. There isn’t any food in the fridge, ___________? a) is there b) isn’t it c) is it 21. Call me if you need __________ information. a) farther b) further c) far 22. __________ we go for a picnic tomorrow? a) Shall b) Should c) Would 23. Mark and Louise __________ for five hours when they stopped to have a rest. a) have been travelling b) travelled c) had been travelling

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24. I don’t think there are __________ in the fridge to make an omelette. a) much eggs b) eggs enough c) enough eggs 25. We heard them __________ all night. a) arguing b) argue c) to argue 26. He went to Italy __________ architecture. a) for study b) study c) to study 27. Tim is nearly 70 years old. He is __________ to join the basketball team. a) too old b) old enough c) such old 28. She was upset because she __________ her purse. a) had lost b) has lost c) lost 29. That is the funniest film I __________. a) have ever seen b) have never seen c) saw 30. There are always __________ people on the train at rush hour. a) too much b) too many c) many enough 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. How would you define middle age? Do you think middle age is a more or less stressful time than youth? Why? It is not so Bad to be Middle - Aged Once middle age was thought of as something to fear. Many thought of middle age as simply the time between youth and old age. Now, though, researchers claim that middle age can be the more fruitful time of life, full of new growth and development. New studies show, for example, a sharp rise in people’s altruism – their willingness to give to others – during middle age. Several studies show that as people approach their midlife, they tend to experience fewer stressful events, such as losing a job. When they do go through such a major change, the studies found that middleaged people see it as much less upsetting than do younger people. In fact, many of the middle-agers remember their youth as a particularly difficult time. Middle age for them is more peaceful. In middle age, many people no longer focus on themselves but on the people around them. Not all researchers agree on what constitutes middle age; most of them think it is the years between 45 and 65, but others claim it covers the years between 35 and 70. 87 per cent said that middle age is a time of becoming closer to family and friends, a time to be generous, a time to think more of others than of oneself. “When you are older,” one woman says, “your career is settled and you have more time to give. Plus, you have more to give.” So, if you are reading this while you are still young, do not fear. Middle age can be an exciting and rewarding time. If you are already in middle age, take a deep breath, then turn to those around you. And if you are past middle age, look back and count the good things you have done. 4. Speak on the problem. Where and how do you spend your spare time?

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Test 7 1. Read the texts and do the tests. The Town That Woke Up In 1699 the governor of Virginia made plans for a new capital for his colony. The new capital city was called Williamsburg. It was built with wide streets and beautiful houses. The buildings and governor's home were the finest in the colony. Williamsburg was a busy place until 1780. Then the capital was moved to Richmond, and Williamsburg went to sleep. When the capital moved, the people moved away, too. The old houses began to need paint, roofs caved in, and gardens became thick with weeds. Almost 150 years later, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., became interested in the town. He gave money to rebuild Williamsburg just as it had been. In 1926 work began. Rockefeller's wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, liked American folk art. When the town was rebuilt, Mrs. Rockefeller gave her collection of early American paintings and dolls to a museum there. Today, the homes and gardens look as they did when the town was new. Many people dress as people dressed long ago. They make shoes and candles, as people did in the past. Thousands of people visit Williamsburg each year. They see a beautiful American town of two centuries ago. It is the town that woke up. Choose the correct answer. 1. Williamsburg is in the state of a. New York. b. Richmond. c. Virginia. d. America. 2. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. much money is needed to rebuild a town. b. Williamsburg is now the capital of the USA. c. few people visit Williamsburg. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. b. people moving away. c. Williamsburg, Virginia. 4. Why did the people leave Williamsburg after 1780? a. They ran out of food. b. The town was burned to the ground. c. The capital was moved to Richmond. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. Williamsburg helps visitors learn about early America. b. The capital of Virginia is Williamsburg. c. Thousands of people live in Williamsburg. Craft Guilds Today, many people who are skilled at a trade belong to labour unions. As long ago as the Middle Ages, people in western Europe also belonged to a kind of union. These early unions were called guilds. From the 1300s to the 1700s, people who knew a trade joined a craft guild. Guilds were made up of groups of people who did the same kind of work. Shoe -

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makers belonged to the shoemakers' guild. Nail makers belonged to a guild of nail makers. Craft guilds were important in those days. If people were not members of a guild, they could not find work. To become a guild member, a person first had to be an apprentice, or learner. A learner received no pay. Next the person became a journeyman and received pay. At last a person became a master and could open a shop. In the 1800s Candace Wheeler, an artist and maker of American cloth, became interested in women's problems. Many women had good educations but could not earn enough money to live. Candace opened the Women's Exchange, a kind of guild, in New York. At the Exchange women could sell their beautiful handmade dresses and tablecloths. It helped them earn enough to live. Are these statements true or false? 1. In former times craft guilds were associations of skilled workers who joined together in order to find agreement in industrial disputes. 2. It was hard for people who were guild members to find work. 3. Apprentices worked for a person skilled in a trade in order to learn that person’s skill. 4. A master craftsman is a man who has great skill in working with his hands. 5. The Women’s Exchange was aimed at improving political position of women in society. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. My shirts were dirty, so I had them __________. a) washed b) washing c) wash 2. If I had seen the advertisement, I __________ for the job. a) would have applied b) would apply c) had applied 3. She was wearing a __________ skirt. a) pretty yellow cotton b) cotton yellow pretty c) yellow cotton pretty 4. We __________ quarrel with my sister when we were younger but now we don’t any more. a) didn’t use to b) used c) used to 5. I’m sorry, there are __________ tickets left for that performance. a) no b) nothing c) any 6. I haven’t heard from her __________ a fortnight. a) for b) since c) by 7. Someone __________ stolen my watch. a) must b) have must c) must have 8. If I __________ you, I’d make a number of changes. a) were b) had been c) am 9. They made him __________ to another flat. a) move b) to move c) moving 10.Bad news __________ make people happy a) don’t b) doesn’t c) isn’t

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11. The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like __________ colour. a) it’s b) it c) its 12. You don’t like tennis, __________? a) do you b) don’t you c) you do 13. You __________ make a mistake unless you follow the instructions carefully. a) may b) should c) ought to 14. He deleted the file from the computer __________ mistake. a) on b) at c) by 15. I can’t go to the party on Saturday. I __________ for Spain on Friday night. a) am leaving b) have been leaving c) left 16. “I don’t like wearing a suit every day.” “Don’t worry, you __________ to it very soon.” a) are used b) will get used c) were used 17. The last time Jack __________ abroad was years ago. a) travelled b) has travelled c) have travelled 18. I’m afraid __________ spiders and snakes. a) from b) at c) of 19. __________ is going to address the nation this evening. a) The Queen b) Queen c) Queens 20. Were you disappointed __________ your exam results? a) with b) about c) for 21. “Helen doesn’t like rock music.” “__________.” a) Neither I don’t b) Nor I don’t c) Neither do I. 22. Could you tell me __________? a) where is the bank b) where the bank is c) is where the bank 23. They __________ for weeks and were extremely fit. a) were training b) have been training c) had been training 24. The station is not __________ for us to go on foot. a) near enough b) enough near c) much near 25. __________ and put your feet up. a) Relax yourself b) Relax c) Relaxation 26. He got a loan from the bank __________ his business. a) to expand b) expand c) for expand 27. We are __________ to take part in the elections. a) too old b) old enough c) enough old 28. They __________ their room by the time their parents arrived. a) had tidied b) have tidied c) tidied 29. It’s the first time I __________ by plane. a) have ever travelled b) have never travelled c) travelled 30. The curry was __________ for me to eat. a) too spicy b) more spicy c) the most spicy

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3. Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. What do you and your family think of your neighbours? Are they friendly / unfriendly, helpful / unhelpful, considerate / inconsiderate? Love Thy Neighbour Twice a week, more than sixteen million Britons watch Neighbours. The soap opera offers a fantasy of everyday life based on warm relationships and communication on many levels. However, the real world is quite different. A survey has just been published which shows that Britons hate their neighbours. The results are alarming. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbours are inconsiderate. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their names. In fact, one million householders in Britain would like to move because of the people that live next door. The biggest cause of friction is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and divided houses which have thin walls. The other major problems are arguments about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some of the worst disagreements can last for years. In one case, people who live in the same house haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence. In one of the worst cases, a man who was a policeman in London shot a neighbour because he kept parking in "his space". When neighbours become friends they often help each other, but the survey showed that 90% of neighbours never shared a meal, 80% had never had a drink together and 20% had never even offered each other a cup of tea or coffee. One solution to long-running disputes is to get the neighbours into a room with mediators who talk the problem through, and if necessary, negotiate a formal agreement which they both agree to. 4. Speak on the problem. What place in your native city /village do you like most? Why? Test 8 1. Read the texts and do the tests. Invisible Messages It would be difficult to imagine a world without radio. Some of us even carry small radios in our pockets. Before radio, the best way to send messages a long way was by wire. By 1838, Samuel F. B. Morse had invented a working telegraph. He had also invented a new alphabet made up of dots and dashes. This alphabet was called Morse Code. The telegraph uses electricity and wire. Messages in Morse Code could go only where there were telegraph wires. Scientists knew that radio waves moved through the air. They believed that radio messages could be sent without wires. No one knew how to do it. The man who found a way to send wireless messages was Guglielmo Marconi of Italy. His first signals went only a few miles, but he wanted to send messages

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across the Atlantic Ocean. Marconi went to Newfoundland to try to receive signals from England. Late in 1901, the letter "S" was sent out in Morse code from England. "Dot, dot, dot" came the signal. Marconi picked it up on his set. In a short time, wireless was in use everywhere. Americans call it radio. It can send invisible messages around the world. Are these statements true or false? 1. Radio is a piece of equipment which is rarely used by people in their everyday life. 2. Morse Code is a system of sending messages in which the alphabet is represented by signals made of dots and dashes. 3. The drawback of the telegraph is that it needs electricity and wires. 4. Radio signals can move through air and space. 5. A Hungarian G. Marconi was the first to send wireless messages. The Face Is Familiar At one time, most people lived in small towns where everybody knew everybody else. When people went to the bank, the tellers recognized them. Therefore, the tellers didn't need to ask for identification. As towns grew larger and many people moved to cities, things changed. Tellers didn't know their customers so they checked customers' signatures against signatures they kept on file. To make life easier, banks started giving customers identification cards. People got used to handing their bank cards to the tellers. Then banks put in automatic teller machines, or ATMs. People didn't have to wait for a teller any more and they could do their banking at any time. Customers still used bank cards to identify themselves, however. To do this, they fed their card into the ATM. But if the card was stolen, a thief could use it to empty the customer's bank account. Banks found a way to protect their customers by giving them "Personal Identification Numbers," or PINs. They could identify themselves by entering their PINs on the keypad. New technology makes it possible for computers to recognize people's faces. Someday we may be identifying ourselves to ATMs by simply smiling at built-in TV cameras. Choose the correct answer. 1. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. automatic teller machines are not very convenient. b. people change their habits as the world they live in changes. c. banks don't need tellers anymore. 2. Bank cards are used for a. writing checks. c. entering PINs. b. identification. d. taking pictures. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. changes in how banks identify customers. b. how to use automatic teller machines safely. c. the job of a bank teller. 4. How did small town tellers identify their customers? a. They asked for their bank cards.

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b. They checked their signatures. c. They recognized them. 5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. Someday people won't need PINs to use ATMs. b. Tellers should make an effort to know all their customers. c. You can take money out of your bank account at an ATM, but you can't put money in it. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. The car wasn’t going well, so they had it __________. a) service b) serviced c) servicing 2. If I __________ to the disco that night, I wouldn’t have met Fred. a) didn’t go b) hadn’t gone c) wouldn’t go 3. There was a __________ table in the middle of the kitchen. a) huge square wooden b) wooden square huge c) huge wooden square 4. When I was a teenager, I __________ go to a lot of dances. a) used b) used to c) use 5. There was __________ more I could do, so I left. a) anything b) nothing c) anywhere 6. That church has been standing there __________ the Normans came to Britain. a) for b) yet c) since 7. George __________ told me about the problem. a) should have b) have should c) should 8. If I __________ you, I’d congratulate them on their engagement. a) were b) am c) had been 9. I would like __________ a comedy on TV. a) to watch b) watch c) watching 10. I hated doing National Service. The officers __________ clean the toilets every morning. a) made me b) made me to c) didn’t make me 11. I wish I __________ some money last month. a) saved b) had saved c) have saved 12. He always drives to work, __________? a) doesn’t he b) does he c) he doesn’t 13. This cake __________ awful. I think I forgot to put the sugar in it. a) tastes b) to taste c) is tasting 14. He seldom goes to work by taxi, __________? a) doesn’t he b) does he c) he doesn’t 15. “Where is John?” “He is upstairs. He __________ his homework.” a) does b) is doing c) do 16. They will soon __________ to cooking their own meals. a) get used b) are used c) used 17. It’s a long time since I __________ out. a) ate b) have eaten c) eat

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18. She takes care __________our children. a) of b) about c) for 19. He is said __________ some money. a) he has stolen b) to have stolen c) steal 20. Sit down, __________? a) will you b) don’t you c) do you 21. She __________ me that she was late. a) told to b) told c) said 22. She asked me where __________ the ring. a) had I found b) I had found c) I have found 23. He __________ all night and was exhausted. a) was studying b) had been studying c) has been studying 24. I’ll call the babysitter. You’re not __________ to stay at home alone. a) enough old b) old enough c) too old 25. __________ her wealth, she is still unhappy. a) Despite of b) Despite c) In case 26. They built a reservation park __________ the animals. a) to protect b) for protect c) protect 27. There is somebody on the phone. __________ must be Sam. a) He b) It c) They 28. She __________ dinner by 6 o’clock. a) has cooked b) cooked c) had cooked 29. She is __________ person I have ever met. a) the most helpful b) most helpful c) helpful most 30. We are __________ to go skiing this weekend. a) tired enough b) enough tired c) too tired 3. Read and retell the text. Answer the question. What in your opinion makes people go on exploratory expeditions? The Race to the Pole On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott left London to begin his Antarctic expedition. On his way, he received a telegram from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen: “I’m going South.” So the race to the South Pole was on! Amundsen was the first to leave, on 15 October, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his 2 motor sledges broke down and then the ponies began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four companions on 17 January. They were devastated when they saw the Norwegian flag. The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration. The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Despite this, on their way back they found time to look for rocks and fossils. They carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past Antarctica was covered by plants.

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However, disaster soon struck. Edgar Evans had terrible frostbite and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having a great difficulty walking. Scott and 2 companions carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food depots. But then a terrible storm started and they couldn’t leave their tent. The news of Scott’s death shocked the world. He had failed to win race to the Pole, but the remarkable courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made them into heroes. 4. Speak on the problem. What place in our country would you like to visit? Why? Test 9 1.Read the texts and do the tests. Buildings from the Past Many people visiting the Southwest stop at Santa Fe, New Mexico. There, they see long, low buildings that have flat roofs. Most houses are only one story high. They have beautiful small gardens with walls around them. The buildings are tan and brown like the earth because they are made of adobe. Adobe is a Spanish word that means "sun-dried brick." It is made by mixing clay soil, straw, and water. Its cost is low. Houses built of adobe stay cool in the summer heat and warm in winter. Santa Fe is one of the oldest cities in North America. About 1610, Spanish settlers gave Santa Fe its name. Centuries before the Spanish came, the Pueblo Indians lived there. The city's adobe buildings are much like those the Indians lived in long ago. The gardens are like those built by the early Spanish settlers. The people of Santa Fe liked their early Spanish-American buildings. So they passed a law in 1953. It said that all new buildings in the older part of town had to look like the adobe buildings. Now a part of Santa Fe will remind people of the city's long history. Choose the correct answer. 1. In Santa Fe, New Mexico, there are many a. Japanese buildings. b. adobe buildings. c. English gardens. d. pointed roofs. 2. The story does not say so, but it makes you think that a. Santa Fe has never changed its name. b. adobe is a new kind of brick. c. the Indians built many gardens. 3. On the whole, this story is about a. North American gardens. b. Spanish-American laws. c. adobe buildings in Santa Fe. 4. Why did the people of Santa Fe pass a law about adobe buildings? a. There were too many people living in new buildings. b. They wanted to make the city modern. c. They wanted one part of town to stay the same.

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5. Which of these sentences do you think is right? a. The people in Santa Fe are proud of their city's history. b. The people in Santa Fe like modern buildings. c. Pueblo Indians are the only people who live in Santa Fe. They Read Dots To read this page, you must use your eyes. (1) ___. Over 100 years ago in France, a young boy was playing in his father's workshop. (2) ___. All at once, the tool flew from his hands and struck his face. This child, Louis Braille, had injured his eyes. Soon he was blind. In those days, few blind people could read. Then, years later, Louis Braille had an idea. He remembered the holes he had once made in leather. If he pushed the tool only part way through the leather, he could feel raised dots on the other side. (3) ___. Although only fifteen, Louis Braille had found a way for the blind to read. (4) ___. Named after its inventor, this new way to read was called Braille. (5) ___. Many blind people can learn it. Braille gives them a way to read. Do you think your fingers could learn Braille? Put in the missing sentences. A. Today, many books are printed in Braille. B. Using from one to five raised dots, he made up an alphabet. C. He was making holes in a piece of leather with a pointed tool. D. The blind can read too, but they must use their fingers. E. He had invented a kind of code that the fingers and the mind could learn. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. The carpet was dirty, so I had it __________. a) clean b) cleaning c) cleaned 2. If he hadn’t been driving too fast, the policeman __________ him. a) wouldn’t have stopped b) wouldn’t stop c) hadn’t stopped 3. There was a __________ dress in the shop window. a) lovely blue Japanese silk b) Japanese lovely silk blue c) blue lovely Japanese silk 4. I __________ live in London once, but I don’t any more. a) used to b) used c) didn’t use 5. There is __________ I forgot to tell you. a) something b) anything c) anybody 6. She hasn’t written __________ nearly three months. a) since b) for c) yet 7. __________ is a very exciting sport. a) Ski b) To ski c) Skiing 8. If I had a headache, I __________ an aspirin. a) would take b) take c) will take 9. I’d prefer __________ in and watch TV this evening. a) to stay b) staying c) stay 10. The customs officer __________ open the suitcases. a) made her to b) made her c) to made her

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11. His ambition is to swim across __________. a) the English Channel b) English Channel c) an English Channel 12. You’ll have time for a cup of tea, __________? a) will you b) won’t you c) you will 13. __________ you do me a favour, please? a) Should b) Could c) Need 14. She has never been to London, __________? a) has she b) hasn’t she c) she has 15. “Is he reading a newspaper?” “No. He __________ dinner at the moment.” a) has been making b) makes c) is making 16. She wasn’t used __________ at night. a) to work b) work c) to working 17. The last time we __________ Carol was two weeks ago. a) see b) have seen c) saw 18. We’ll arrive __________ New York at about two o’clock. a) at b) in c) to 19. We laughed __________we heard the funny story. a) then b) than c) when 20. I am really helpful, __________? a) am I b) aren’t I c) I am not 21. Everyone __________ that the sun rises in the east. a) knows b) know c) have known 22. She has been to nearly __________ European capital. a) each b) every one c) every 23. She __________ in the fields for three hours before she stopped for lunch. a) has been working b) had been working c) was working 24. I didn’t have __________ to do the washing. a) enough washing powder b) washing powder enough c) many washing powder 25. There’s very __________ time left. We need to hurry up. a) a little b) few c) little 26. We should stop using cars __________ air pollution. a) to reduce b) for reduce c) reduce 27. You can find __________ you want in this shop. a) anything b) something c) any 28. Frank __________ the car, so the ground around it was wet. a) had washed b) has washed c) washed 29. This is __________ production of this play I have ever seen. a) worse b) worst c) the worst 30. The weather was __________ to go for a drive. a) stormy enough b) too stormy c) more stormy 3.Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. Some people say that the computer is a curse of the 20th century, some say it is the greatest invention. What do you think of it? Computer Crime Criminals in the past used to have guns, masks and escape cars. Now they have

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a computer, a telephone and a piece of computer equipment called a 'modem'. They simply dial a telephone number to link their own computer with the others, and then, using a password (a secrete word or phrase), enter a company's computer system (for example, in a bank or a government office). In 1999 two American teenagers broke into a computer system and added rude messages to some information and made other important data disappear. The damage cost over two million dollars to correct. A 12-year-old boy in Detroit used his own computer to enter the computer system of a large company and caused financial chaos. In Britain, computer crime costs companies about 400 million pounds a year. Often, the computer criminals do not want to make money; they just want to show the world how clever they are. They also like creating computer viruses. They programme a computer disc with a special fault in it. When a computer copies the disc, the fault enters the computer's memory. That means it gets onto any other disc each time you put a new disc into your computer. Some viruses are just silly messages. For example, one puts the message ' peace and love ' on your computer screen while you are working. Other viruses use all the 'memory' on the computer, and the computer is 'sick' and unable to work. A hospital in Britain recently lost all of its records about sick patients because of a computer virus. Speak on the problem. If you were to travel somewhere far,what means of transport would you choose.Why? Test 10 1. Read the texts and do the tests. From Pony Express to E-Mail In the mid-nineteenth century, it took about two weeks for a letter to get from the East to the West. First, the letter went to Saint Joseph, Missouri. Then Pony Express riders carried it west in relays, each rider taking the mail for a part of the journey. At designated points, new riders would take over. Riders changed horses every 10 to 15 miles. It took eight days for the riders to cover 2,000 miles. Settlers had to wait all that time for letters and newspapers from home. The news would be two weeks old when it reached the West. Businesses ran at a slower pace, too. Storekeepers waited weeks for the goods they sold to arrive. And the companies they bought from waited as long to be paid. Today, satellite TV carries news around the world instantly. We contact friends and family by fax and E-mail almost as quickly. Businesses place orders the same way, and thanks to airplanes and computers, they can receive goods the next day. Payment can also be immediate, because banks can send money around the world electronically. Now that we are used to speed, we want it all the time! That's why we call letters sent by post "snail mail."

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Are these statements true or false? 1. Pony Express is an American postal service of the 19th century which used horses and riders to take the post from Missouri to California. 2. Early settlers in the American West received their post very quickly. 3. Western businesses could function successfully owing to the reliable system of overnight delivery of goods. 4. Nowadays electronic devices help to make bank payments almost immediately. 5. Satellite television, fax machines and e-mail are efficient ways of sending and receiving information. A Headful of Beauty People have always wanted to look beautiful. (1) ___. During the Roman Empire, upper-class men put coloured powder or gold dust on their hair. (2) ___. During the early Middle Ages, noblemen wore their hair short. Later on, they wore it in what we call a pageboy style. Women often kept their hair hidden inside a net called a caul, or a hood called a wimple. After the Middle Ages, there was more variety in hair styles, with different countries featuring their own favourites. For example, Queen Elizabeth of England had red hair. (3) ___. Perhaps the high point, literally, in hair design came in the late 17th century. During that time, men and women spent many hours arranging hairdos as high as three feet tall. (4) ___. Today, many different hair styles are in fashion at the same time. (5) ___. Put in the missing sentences. A. Their wives dyed their hair blond and wore elaborate hairdos of braids and curls. B. People choose the ones they favour for the same reason as always: they want to look beautiful. C. These creations were built on wire frames. D. One way people try to look beautiful is by how they wear their hair. E. That is why many people in her country dyed their hair red. 2. Do the following test. Choose the correct answer (A, B or C). Only one answer is correct. 1. The brakes weren’t working properly, so I had them __________. a) repairing b) repaired c) repair 2. If the engine had been losing a lot of oil, I __________. a) would have noticed b) would notice c) had noticed 3. Mary bought a __________ jacket in the department store. a) beautiful green leather b) leather green beautiful c) green beautiful leather 4. We __________ have lots of friends when we lived in the country. a) used to b) used c) use 5. Doris told __________ about it, but we don’t know who. a) somebody b) anybody c) anything 6. Our team haven’t won a match __________ the beginning of the season. a) for b) since c) yet 7. Tom __________ lost his way. a) must have b) must c) have must

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8. If I __________ her new number, I would telephone her. a) had b) have c) would have 9. He didn’t succeed in __________ his exams. a) passing b) pass c) to pass 10. Anna wanted to stay, but her boss __________ resign. a) made her to b) made her c) to made her 11. __________ were lots of people at the opening ceremony last night. a) It b) One c) There 12. She’s finished the course, __________? a) isn’t she b) hasn’t she c) has she 13. Maths __________ his least favourite subject when he was at school. a) was b) is c) were 14. She seldom works on Saturday, __________? a) does she b) doesn’t she c) she doesn’t 15. “What time does the play start?” “I think it __________ at 8 o’clock.” a) has been starting b) starts c) has started 16. I can’t concentrate. I’m not used __________ in such a noisy office. a) to working b) work c) to work 17. How long is it since they __________ their tickets? a) bought b) have bought c) has bought 18. The streets were full __________ people watching the parade. a) with b) in c) of 19. Mount Everest is the highest __________. a) in the world b) of the world c) on the world 20. Let’s go out, __________? a) do we b) shall us c) shall we 21. Carl denied __________the computer. a) break b) to break c) breaking 22. I __________ very hard last week. a) must study b) must to study c) had to study 23. What __________ the latest news? a) are b) is c) do 24. Diana didn’t do __________ in the final exam to pass the course. a) well enough b) enough well c) such well 25. I have rarely met __________ as polite as Steve. a) someone b) somebody c) anyone 26. He went to Harvard __________ a degree in economics. a) to obtain b) for obtain c) obtain 27. Don’t sit on that chair. One of __________ legs is broken. a) it’s b) its c) it 28. He __________ the report by the time his boss returned. a) had finished b) has finished c) finished 29. We spent __________ lying on the beach. a) the all week b) all week c) the week whole

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30. He was __________ to enter the competition. a) too young b) young enough c) much younger 3.Read and retell the text. Answer the questions. Do you believe that there are civilizations in the Universe? Why? Why not? Horowitz and META High on a hilltop, in the heart of suburban Boston, the dish of a radio telescope moves slowly in the warm night air. There is almost no noise as the signals it receives are fed into 128 different computers and analyzed. Paul Horowitz, a 42-year-old electronics professor, sits in the observatory with his team and waits. Suddenly an alarm sounds, and the computer screen flashes “Possible Extraterrestrial Signal.” The team jumps into action. Have they finally made contact with life on another planet? Paul Horowitz built MEGA (the Megachannel Extraterrestrial Assay), a machine specially designed to listen out for signals from other worlds. The machine is just the latest system to search for life in space. The first one was Project Ozma, started in 1959. Ozma had just one antenna listening to one frequency at a time. Horowitz built META so that it could listen to 8.4 million channels simultaneously. Things have certainly changed. “We surely are the most primitive of communicative civilizations in the galaxy, Horowitz said at a conference recently, “and at this stage all we should do is listen.” And because he believes that there are civilizations different from our own he took over an obsolete radio telescope at Harvard’s Oak Ridge and together with graduate students built a machine capable of hearing what “they” have to say to “us”. So far there have been 2 alarms and “Possible Extraterrestrial Signals” which turned out to be false alarms. But Horowitz says, “You know if we got something real we’d probably convince ourselves it was false.” And so day after day and night after night the men and women on Oak Ridge switch on their computers and programme their radio dish. Is anybody out there? 4.Speak on the problem. What qualities do you need to succeed in your profession?

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Ключи Тест 1 Money at Work – 1F 2F 3F 4T 5T They Read Pictures – 1D 2A 3B 4B 5A 1A 2B 3A 4A 5A 6B 7A 8A 9A 10A 11A 12C 13B 14B 15B 16A 17C 18B 19B 20B 21A 22A 23A 24A 25B 26A 27A 28C 29B 30C Тест 2 A Noisy Dance – 1B 2D 3B 4B 5B From Farm to Family – 1D 2A 3E 4B 5C 1A 2B 3C 4B 5A 6A 7C 8A 9B 10A 11A 12A 13C 14A 15A 16C 17B 18C 19A 20C 21A 22A 23A 24C 25A 26B 27B 28A 29A 30A Тест 3 The Siesta – 1A 2D 3C 4B 5A Working Children – 1T 2T 3F 4T 5T 1B 2A 3A 4A 5B 6C 7A 8C 9C 10A 11A 12C 13B 14C 15B 16C 17B 18A 19A 20A 21A 22A 23A 24A 25C 26B 27A 28B 29A 30B Тест 4 The Castes of India – 1T 2F 3T 4F 5F The Modern Farmer – 1C 2E 3A 4B 5D 1C 2C 3A 4A 5C 6A 7A 8B 9A 10B 11A 12A 13A 14A 15B 16A 17B 18A 19A 20C 21A 22A 23A 24C 25C 26C 27A 28A 29A 30C Тест 5 Labour Unions – 1T 2F 3F 4T 5T Beautiful Parks – 1C 2E 3A 4D 5B 1A 2A 3B 4C 5A 6A 7A 8A 9A 10A 11C 12B 13B 14C 15A 16A 17B 18A 19C 20A 21B 22C 23C 24C 25A 26C 27A 28A 29B 30A Тест 6 They Speak with Their Hands – 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T A Very Hot Air-Bath – 1C 2E 3A 4D 5B 1C 2A 3A 4A 5A 6C 7A 8B 9A 10A 11A 12A 13B 14C 15C 16C 17B 18C 19C 20A 21B 22A 23C 24C 25A 26C 27A 28A 29A 30B Тест 7 The Town That Woke Up – 1C 2A 3C 4C 5A Craft Guilds – 1F 2F 3T 4T 5F 1A 2A 3A 4C 5A 6A 7C 8A 9A 10B 11C 12A 13A 14C 15A 16B 17A 18C 19A 20A 21C 22B 23C 24A 25B 26A 27B 28A 29A 30A

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Тест 8 Invisible Messages – 1F 2T 3T 4T 5F The Face Is Familiar – 1C 2B 3A 4C 5A 1B 2B 3A 4B 5B 6C 7A 8A 9A 10A 11B 12A 13A 14B 15B 16A 17A 18A 19B 20A 21B 22B 23B 24B 25B 26A 27B 28A 29A 30C Тест 9 Buildings from the Past – 1B 2A 3C 4C 5A They Read Dots – 1D 2C 3B 4E 5A 1C 2A 3A 4A 5A 6B 7C 8A 9A 10B 11A 12B 13B 14A 15C 16C 17C 18B 19C 20B 21A 22C 23B 24A 25C 26A 27A 28A 29C 30B Тест 10 From Pony Express to E-Mail – 1T 2F 3F 4T 5T A Headful of Beauty – 1D 2A 3E 4C 5B 1B 2A 3A 4A 5A 6B 7A 8A 9A 10B 11C 12B 13A 14A 15B 16A 17A 18C 19A 20C 21C 22C 23B 24A 25C 26A 27B 28A 29B 30A

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Учебное издание

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ПОСОБИЕ ДЛЯ ПОСТУПАЮЩИХ НА ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ ФАКУЛЬТЕТЫ ВГУ

Составители: Бабушкин Анатолий Павлович Коныгина Галина Ивановна

Редактор: К.А. Золотарева

_______________________________________________________________________ Подписано в печать 8.2.2007. Формат 60х84/16. Усл. п.л. 2,5. Тираж 300. Заказ 37 Издательско-полиграфический центр Воронежского государственного университета. 394006, г. Воронеж, Университетская площадь, 1, ком.43, тел.208-853. Отпечатано в лаборатории оперативной печати ИПЦ ВГУ.