Diseases of Poultry 12th Edition

Index

A AA. See Arizonosis AAF. See Allantoamnionic fluid AAS. See Avian adenovirus

splenomegaly Acanthocephala, 1053-54 Acaricides, 1020-21 AccI-SpecI, 187 Acetone, 215 Acinetobacter spp., 952 ACP' See Alternate complement pathway Actinobacillus spp., 952 Actinomyces spp., 952 Actinomycin D. 311 Active immunity. See also Cell-mediated inununity; Vaccination with AE, 436 with AI, 173

with aMPy, 104 with bordetellosis, 781-82 with Borrelia spp., 955 with CIA, 223 with circovirus, 243--44 with DYE, 389 with erysipelas, 915-16 with HE, 281 with infectious bronchitis, 125-26 with infectious bursal disease, 195-96 with LT, 142 withMM,838 with NO, 86 with NE, 875 with rotavirus. 346 with VEt 869 Acute respiratory disease syndrome, See Bordetellosis Acute reticuhun cell neoplasia, 568. 576, 576f Acute vaginitis. See Venereal colibacillosis Acycloguanosine, 407 Adaptive immunity, 50-54 ADCC. See Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

Adenocarcinoma. 544 of bile duct, 603 of gizzard, 603. 603f HRT,332 of lung, 605, 605f of ovaries, 595-97,596f of oviduct, 600-601 of pancreas, 603, 604-5 Adenoma of crop, 603 of infra-orbital sinus, 604-5 Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 548 Adenovirus, 251-89. See also Egg drop syndrome; Hemorrhagic enteritis; Hydropericardium syndrome; Inclusion body hepatitis; Pox; Quail bronchitis bordetellosis and, 783 in chickens, 259 CIA and, 252 in ducks, 259, 370 GD and, 887 in geese, 259 group I of, 252--62 age and, 256 antigenicity and, 255 carriers of, 256--57 CEl and, 255 chemical agents and, 255 chemical composition of, 255 chloroform and, 255 CK and, 255 classification of, 252, 253t clinical signs of, 257--60 diagnosis of. 260--61 economic significance of, 252 epidemiology of, 256--61 ether and, 255 etiology of, 252-56 growth retardation from, 259 hosts of, 256 immunity with, 260--61 incubation period of, 257

infectious bursal disease and, 256 intervention for, 261--62 laboratory hosts for, 255-56 morphology of, 253 pathobiology of, 256--61 pathogenicity of, 256 pathology of, 260 phenol and, 255 physical agents and, 255 public health significance of, 252 respiratory disease and, 259 serology with, 260--61 sodium deoxycholate and, 255 strain classification of, 255 temperature and, 255 tenosynovitis and, 259 transmission of, 256--57 trypsin and, 255 vaccination for, 261--62 virus replication of, 255 in guinea fowl, 259--60 humans and, obesity from, 252 lBH and, 227, 252 infectious bursal disease and, 252 in ostriches, 259--60 parvovirus and, 401-2 in pigeons, 259 in turkeys, 259 TYH and, 428 TVP and, 1276 Adenovirus-associated respiratory disease. See Bordetellosis Adenovirus group I, eEL and, 255 Adhesins, 696-97 Adrenal gland, 609 Advanced intercross lines (AILs), 63 Advent, 1080 AE. See Avian encephalomyelitis AEEC. See Attaching and effacing E. coli

Aegyptianella, 952-53 Aerobacter, 953 Aeromonas spp., 953 AF. See Allantoic fluid

1279

1280 • INDEX

Aflatoxin, 22, 992, 1203-8 aplastic anemia syndromes and, 227 Aspergillus spp. and, 1203 bursa of Fabricius and, 1207 AFLP. See Amplified fragment length polymorphism Agar gel diffusion precipitin (AGDP), 378 Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGIO), 144 for AI, 160, 173 for HE, 282 for HEY, 446 forUE,869 Agar gel precipitin test (AGPT), 127 for infectious bursal disease, 192 forMD,486 for QB, 289 for REV, 579 AGDP. See Agar gel diffusion precipitin Age adenovirus group I and, 256 A1S and, 928 ALVand, 528 aspergillosis and, 993 candidiasis and, 1002 chlamydiosis and, 980 CIA and, 221-22 depopulation and, 10 erysipelas and, 912 FT and, 623 GPVand, 399 HE and, 279 IC and, 794 infection and, 15 MD and, 471 MDPV and, 399 PD and, 623 TB and, 944 TVP and, 1273 UE and, 868 viral arthritis and, 313 WNV and, 422 Agglutination tests, 648. See also Hemagglutinin; Hemagglutinin inhibition; Microagglutination test; Thbe agglutination test rapid, 947 for toxoplasmosis, 1114 AGID. See Agar gel immunodiffusion AGPT. See Agar gel precipitin test Agricultural Statistics Board, 23 Agrimetrics, 23 Agristats, 23 AI. See Avian influenza

AILs. See Advanced intercross lines

Airsacculitis, 103 Acinetobacter spp. and, 952 infectious bronchitis and, 121 LPAI and, 168 MG and, 807 MM and, 834, 837 MS and, 847 RA and, 758 Air sac disease, 691 AIS. See Avian intestinal spirochetosis Aivlosin, 851 Alabama redleg, 472 Alcaligenes rhinotracheitis (ARD. See Bordetellosis Alcohol, 1245-46 Aldehydes, 159 Aleukemic lymphadenosis, 515 Algae, 1247 Alkaline sodium polyphosphate, 1213 Allantoanmionic fluid (AAF), 189--90 Allantoic fluid (AF), 120 All-in, all-out production, 10 Alpha-chymotrypsin, for EDS, 267 Alphaherpesvirus, 137,453 Alpha-naphthyl thiourea (ANTU), 1244 Alternaria spp., 1212 Alternate complement pathway (ACP), 48 Aluminum, 1236 ALV. See Avian leukosis viruses Amantadine, 174 AMDUCA. See Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act Amidostomum anseris, 1033 Ammillromums~~bm~lm4

Amino acids, 1121-23, 1236 Aminoglycoside antibiotics, 1233 Amitrate, 1242 Ammonia, 11 toxicity of, 1245 for toxoplasmosis, 1114 Ammonia bum, 1178-79 Ammonium hydroxide, 1213 Amoebotaenia cuneata, 1061 Amoxicillin, 771 Amphotericin B, 998 Ampicillin, 715 forNE,875 for ORT, 771 for RA, 759 for UE, 870 Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), 680, 695, 744, 810 forORT,766

Amprolium, 1082 aMPY. See Avian metapneumovirus AMY. See Avian myeloblastosis virus Amyloidosis, 1152-54, 1154f Anaplasma spp., 952 Anatipestifer septicemia. See Riemerella anatipestifer Anatipestifer syndrome. See Riemerella anatipestifer Anemia. See also Infectious anemia with erythroblastosis, 550 hemorrhagic-aplastic, 196, 219 Anemia-dermatitis. See Chicken infectious anemia Angiotensin II, 1166 Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA), 42 Animal Plan Health Inspection Service (APHIS),14 Anophthalmia, 1179 Anseriformes spp., 164 Anthelmintics, 1051,1235 Anthrax,891 Antibiotics for AlS, 925, 934-35 AVMAon,45 for bordetellosis, 783-84 for Borrelia spp., 955 for campylobacteriosis, 679 for Campylobacter spp., 44 for chlamydiosis, 973 for CIA, 227 into eggs, 6 for Enterococcus spp., 44, 906 for FC, 752 for GO, 888 for histomoniasis, It 00 for IC, 798 for MG, 818, 821 for MM, 840-41 for MS, 851 forNE,875-76 for ORT, 770 properties of, 43 for RA, 759, 762 resistance to, 44-45, 714-15, 770 for Salmonella spp., 44, 651 for Streptococcus spp., 903 for TCY, 335-36 toxicity with, 1233-34 for turkey torovirus, 364 in water, 42--43 WHO on, 45 Antibody-dependent cellular cytotox.icity (ADCC),49 MD and, 483

INDEX. 1281

Anticoccidials, 875-76 Antifreeze, 1246 Antifungal agents. 1213 Antigenic drift, 161 Antigenic shift, 161 Antigen-presenting cells (APC), 49 Anti-inflammatory drugs, 715 Antimicrobials, 3. See also Antibiotics for AIS, 934-35 for colibacillosis, 714-15 judicious use of, 45--46 Salmonella spp. and, 651 Antinutrients, 1236 ANTU. See Alpha-naphthyl thiourea ANY. See Avian nephritis virus Aortic rupture, 1168 copper and, 1168 APe. See Antigen-presenting cells APEC. See Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

APHIS. See Animal Plan Health Inspection Service API 2OC, 1003 Aplastic anemia syndromes, 212 aflatoxin and, 227 CIA and, 226 APMv. See Avian paramyxovirus APMV-2. See Avian paramyxovirus type 2 APMV-3. See Avian paramyxovirus type 3

APMV-4. See Avian paramyxovirus type 4

APMV-6. See Avian paramyxovirus type 6

APMV-7. See Avian paramyxovirus type 7 AP-PCR. See Arbitrary primed PCR Apramycin, 715 Aproctella stoddart/i, 1049-50 APV See Avian pneumoviruses Arabinose, 693 Arbitrary primed PeR (AP-PCR), 810 Arbovirus, 414-22 etiology of, 414-15 laboratory hosts for, 415 Arcanobacterium spp., 952 Arcobacter spp., 953 AlS and, 933 Argas persicus. See Blue bugs Arizonosis, 665-71 antigenic structure of, 667 biochemical properties of, 666--67 blindness with, 666 chemical agents and, 667 chemotherapy for, 671

clinical signs of, 668 control of, 670--71 diagnosis of, 670 differential diagnosis for, 670 distribution of, 667 economic significance of, 666 ELISA for, 671 epizootiology of, 667-68 etiology of, 666--67 gentamicin for, 671 growth requirements of, 666 histopathology of, 669 history of, 666 hosts of, 667 incidence of, 667 lesions with, 668-70 morphology of, 666 mortality with, 668 NO and, 670 opisthotonos with, 668 paralysis with, 668 pathogenesis of, 667-68, 669-70 pathology of, 668-70 physical agents and, 667 prevention of, 670--71 public health significance of, 666 serology for, 670 tests for, 671 torticollis with, 668 transmission of, 667--68 treatment for, 671 vaccination for, 671 vitamin E and, 670 Arrhenoblastoma, of ovaries, 597-98 Arrhenoma, of ovaries, 597-98, 599f Arsanilic acid, 1235 Arsenic, 1238 ART. See Avian rhinotracheitis Arthritis. See also Viral arthritis Acinetobacter spp. and, 952 Staphylococcus spp. and, 8931, 895 Arthropod-borne-virus. See Arbovirus Arthropods, 101 J. See also Mites control of, 10 19-22 Articular gout, 1176 Ascaridia bonasae, 1036 Ascaridia columbae, 1036 Ascaridia compar, 1036-37 Ascaridia dissimi/is, 1037 Ascaridia galli, 1037-38

control of, 1051-52 Ascaridia numidae, 1038

Ascaridiasis, 874 Ascitic hepatonephritis. See Goose parvovirus Aspergillosis, 670, 989-98

age and, 993 antigenic structure of,991-92 biochemical properties of, 991 carriers of, 994 chemical agents and, 991 classification of, 990 clinical signs of, 994-95 colibacillosis and, 997 diagnosis of, 996-97 diarrhea and, 994 differential diagnosis for, 997 distribution of, 992 economic significance of, 989-90 eggs and, 994 enilconazole for, 991 epizootiology of, 992-96 etiology of, 990--92 eyes and, 996 FC and, 997 growth requirements of, 991 histopathology of, 995-96 history of, 990 hosts of, 993-94 immunity with, 996 incidence of, 992 incubation period of, 994 intervention for, 997~98 lesions of, 995 litter and, 995 LT and, 994 MABs and, 991-92 medications for, 998 morbidity with, 994-95 mortality with, 994-95 nystatin for, 998 pathogenesis of, 992-96 phenol and, 991 physical agents and, 991 public health significance of, 990 sanitation and, 997 serology for, 997 sinusitis and, 818 Staphylococcus spp. and, 997 TB and, 947 torticollis and, 994 transmission of, 994 vaccination for, 996, 998 ventilation system and, 998 virulence factors of, 992 Aspergillus spp., 29, 369 aflatoxin and, 1203 LT and, 144 Asphyxiation, Il50 Aspirin, 716 Astrocytoma, of eNS, 606, 607f Astroviridae spp., 409

1282 • INDEX

Astrovims, 351-54. See also Avian nephritis virus Campylobacter spp. and, 354 chemical agents and, 352 chlorofonn and, 352 diagnosis of, 354 distribution of, 351 ELVs and, 360 epizootiology of, 352 etiology of, 351-52 fonnaldehyde for, 352 immunity with, 353 incidence of, 351 laboratory hosts for, 352 NO and, 353 ORF with, 351 pathogenesis of, 352 PBL and, 353 physical agents and, 352 prevention of, 354 RRT-PCR for, 354 RT-PCR for, 354 Salmonella spp. and, 354 temperature and, 352 TGF.~ and, 353 treatment of, 354 Atabrine. See Quinacrine HCL Atebrin, 1110 Ateriveridae spp., 118 Atherosclerosis, 1170 All. See A-type inclusion ATPase. See Adenosine triphosphatase Attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC),

698 diarrhea with, 705 A-type inclusion (All), 293 Atypische Geflugelpest. See Newcastle disease AulQnocephalus lindquisti, 1045--46 Aviadenqvirus spp., 251, 252, 370 Avian adenovirus splenomegaly (AAS),

276 clinical signs of, 279 Avian arizonosis (AA). See Arizonosis Avian cellulitis. See Colifonn cellulitis Avian chlamydiosis. See Cblamydiosis Avian diphtheria. See Pox Avian Disease Manual, 33 Avian Diseases, 3, 33 Avian distemper. See Newcastle disease Avian encephalomyelitis (AE), 6,

430-38, 435f active inununity with, 436 chemical agents and, 431 chemical composition of, 430---31 chloroform and, 431

classification of, 430 clinical signs of, 433 ePE for, 431 diagnosis of, 436-37 differential diagnosis for, 437 distribution of, 431 DNase and, 431 ELISA for, 431, 437 EM for, 430 epizootiology of, 431 etiology of, 430-36 FA for, 437 hepatic lipidosis and, 1175 hepatitis A and, 431 history of, 430 hosts of, 431 immunity with, 436 immunodiffusion for, 431 incidence of, 431 incubation period for, 431 intervention for, 437-38 laboratory hosts for, 431 lesions with, 433-35 live vaccination for, 438 MD and, 437 morbidity with, 433-34 morphology of, 430 mortality with, 433-34 ND and, 437 passive immunity with, 436 pathobiology of, 431 pathogenesis of,435-36 pathology of, 433-35 physical agents and, 431 RT·PCR for, 430 serology for, 437 strain classification of, 431 temperature and, 431 transmission of, 431 trypsin and, 431 vaccination for, 6, 437-38 Van Roekel type of, 431, 43lf wing web vaccination for, 438 Avian enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs),

356-60, 357f Avian Hematology and Cytology, 33 ArianH~ropaffloWgy,33

Avian infectious bronchitis. See Infectious bronchitis Avian influenza (AI), 3,153-74. See also High pathogenicity avian influenza; Low pathogenicity avian influenza active immunity with, 173 AGIO for, 160, 173 amantadine for, 174

aMPV and, 106 biosecurity for, 164, 172 carriers of, 165--66 chemical agents and, 159-60 chemical composition of, 158 chlamydiosis and, 982 clinical signs of, 167--68 eMI with, 161 composting for, 172 dead birds and, 172-73 depopulation for, 172-73 DH type 1 and, 378 diagnosis of, 170-71, 172 differential diagnosis for, 171 disinfectants for, 159 in ducks, 164 E. coli and, 168 economic significance of, 153-54 ELISA for, 160, 171, 173 epizootiology of, 164-70 etiology of, 158 fonnaldehyde for, 159 HA and, 162-03 HE and, 282 HI for, 171, 173 history of, 156-58 hosts of, 162, 165 HP and, 153 in humans, 154-55 immunity and, 169-70 inactivated vaccination for, 173 incineration and, 173 incubation period of, ] 66--67 intervention for, 171-74 lesions with, 168 morbidity with, 167--68 morphology of, 158 mortality with, 167--68 nucleoprotein and, 170 passive inununity with, 173 pasteurization for, 160 pathobiology of, 164-70 pathogenesis of, 162--64, 169 pathology of, 168-69 physical agents and, 159-60 proteins in, 159t public health significance of,

154-56 Quats for, 159 rendering and, 173 reporting of, 32 RRT-PCR for, 173 RT·PCR for, 170 serology for, 171 sinusitis and, 818 strain classification of, 160-62

INDEX. 1283

surveillance of, 172 Terrestrial Animal Health Code on, 161-62 transmission of, 165-66 vaccination for, 173-74 virus replication with. 158-59 in waterfowl, 368 wild birds and, 155-56, 166 Avian intestinal spirochetosis (AIS), 922-35 age and, 928 antibiotics for, 925, 934-35 antimicrobials for, 934-35 Arr:obacter spp. and., 933 bacitracin for, 934 biochemical properties of, 925 biosecurity for, 934 carriers of, 928 chemical agents and, 925 classification of. 924 clinical signs of, 929-32 Clostridium spp. and, 933 colistin for, 925 CTC for, 934 diagnosis of, 932-34 diarrhea with. 922 diet and., 928-29 differential diagnosis for, 933 disinfectants for, 925 distribution of, 927 E. coli and., 926 economic significance of, 923 EEE and, 932-33 epizootiology of, 927-32 erythromycin for, 934 etiology of, 924-26 FA for, 927 feces and, 924 growth requirements of, 924-25 Helicobacter spp. and, 933 history of, 923-24 hosts of. 927 humans and, 923 humoral immunity with, 932 IFA for, 932 immunity with, 932 incidence of, 927 incubation period, 928 intervention for, 934-35 lincomycin for, 934 MABs and., 932 MLEE for, 927, 933 morphology of, 924 neomycin for, 934 oxytetracycline for, 934 pathobiology of, 927-32

pathology of, 929-32 patholypeS of, 924 PCR for, 927, 932, 933 penicillin for, 934 PFGE for. 928 physical agents and, 925 prevalence of, 927 public health significance of, 923 Salmonella spp. and, 933 serology for. 933 spectinomycin for, 925 Spirillum spp. and, 933 streptomycin for. 934 tiamulin for, 934 transmission of, 928 tylosin for, 934 vaccination for, 934 vancomycin for, 925 virulence factors of, 926-27 Avian keratoacanthoma. See Squamous cell carcinoma Avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV). See Leukosis/sarcoma Avian leukosis viruses (ALV), 60, 449, 514-53 age and, 528 breeder flock and, 552 CEF for, 546 CPE of, 525 diagnosis of, 545-51 distribution of, 528-29 economic significance of. 514-15 ELISA for, 522, 546 epidemiology of, 528-45 eradication of, 551-52 genetic resistance with, 65--66, 544-45,552-53 humans and., 515 immunity with, 544-45 incidence of, 528-29 intervention for, 551-53 MD and, 487 passive immunity with, 544 pathobiology of, 528-45 pathogenesis of, 533-34 pathogenicity of, 525-28 PCR for, 546 prevention of, 551-53 public health significance of, 515 RSV and, 523t RT-PCR for, 546 temperature and, 546 ultraviolet radiation and., 523 vaccination for, 551 Avian malaria, 113-14 mosquitos and, 1108

Avian malignant edema. See Gangrenous dermatitis Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), 100-106,367-68 active immunity with, 104 Al and, 106 chemical composition of, 101 clinical signs of, 103 diagnosis of, 104-5 differential diagnosis for, 106 disinfectants for, 101 economic significance of, 100 ELISA for, 102, 104, 105 etiology of. 101 guinea fowl and, 102 history of, 100-101 hosts for, 102-3 humoral immunity with, 104 IF for, 104, 105 inununity with, 104 infectious bronchitis and., 105 intervention with, 106 IP for, 105 lesions with, 103-4 MABs and, 102 morphology of, 101 ND and, 102, 106 passive immunity with, 104 pathogenicity of, 102 pathology of, 103-4 pheasants and, 102 RT-PCR for, 368 serology for, 105--6 strain classification of. 102 subtypes of. 101 transmission of, 103 vaccination for, 106 virus replication in, 101 Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMY), 51Sf chemical composition of. 517-19 vaccination for, 525 Avian nephritis virus (ANV), 351, 409-12,411f in chickens, 411 chloroform and, 410 CK and, 409 classification of, 409-10 diagnosis of, 411-12 diarrhea with. 410-11 differential diagnosis for, 412 distribution of, 409 ELISA for, 412 epizootiology of, 312-13 ether and, 410 etiology of, 409-10 histopathology of, 411

1284 • INDEX

Avian nephritis virus (ANV) (continued) IF for, 412 incidence of, 409 infectious bronchitis and, 412 laboratory hosts for, 312 lesions with, 411 morphology of, 409-10 pathogenesis of, 312-13 pathogenicity of, 312 prevention of, 412 serology for, 412 SPF and, 409 temperature and, 410 treatment for, 412 trypsin and, 410 Avian paramyxovirus (APMV), 110-13, 171. See also Pigeon paramyxovirus type I diagnosis of, 113 differential diagnosis for, 113 etiology of, 111-12 hosts of, 112 incubation period of, 112 intervention with, 113 spread of, 112 strain classification of, 111-12 vaccination for, 245 in waterfowl, 367 Avianparamyxovirus type I (APMV-I). See Newcastle disease Avian paramyxovirus type 2 (APMV-2) clinical signs of, 112 distribution of, 112 HN and, III MABs and, 111 wild birds and, 110 Avian paramyxovirus type 3 (APMY-3), 110 clinical signs of, 112 distribution of, 112 economic significance of, 110 MABs and, III vaccination for, 113 Avian paramyxovirus type 4 (APMV-4), HN and, III Avian paramyxovirus type 6 (APMV-6), 113

Avian paramyxovirus type 7 (APMV-7), 112

clinical signs of, 113 Avian pasteurellosis. See Fowl cholera Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC),691

virulence of, 700 Avian Pathology, 3 Avian pest. See Newcastle disease

Avian pneumoencephalitis. See Newcastle disease Avian pneumoviruses (APV), 171,818 Avian rhinotracheitis (ARn, 100 Aviation enterovirus-like viruses (ELVs) astrovirus and, 360 carriers of, 358 chemical agents and, 357 chemical composition of, 356 classification of, 356 clinical signs of, 358-59 coronavirus and, 360 diagnosis of, 359--60 diarrhea with, 358-59 differential diagnosis for, 359--60 distribution of, 358 EM for, 358 epizootiology of, 358-60 etiology of, 356-58 hosts of, 358 IF for, 357 inununity with, 359 incidence of, 358 intervention for, 360 IP for, 357 laboratory hosts for, 357 morphology of, 356 pathobiology of, 358-60 pathogenesis of, 359 pathogenicity of, 358 pathology of, 359 physical agents and, 357 rotavirus and, 360 serology for, 359 strain classification of, 357 transmission of, 358 virus replication of, 356-57 Avibacterium paragallinarum, 789

Avicides, 1245 Avidin-biotin enhanced dotinununobinding assay, 838 Avioserpens taiwana, 1050 Avitrol, 1245 Avocado, 1247

B Baby grivet monkey kidney cells (BGM70), 190, 197

Baby hamster kidney (BHK), 296, 419 Bacillary white diarrhea. See Pullorum disease Bacillemia, 946 Bacillus gallinarum, 620 Bacillus spp., 953 Bacitracin, 715 for AIS, 934

for botulism, 883 for NE, 875-76 for RA, 759 for UE. 870 Backcross (BC) progeny, 61 Bacterial endocarditis. See Endocarditis Bacteriocin-based therapy, 681 Bacterium coli commune. See Escherichia coli Bacteroides spp., 953 BALT. See Bronchial-associated

lymphoid tissue Basal cell carcinoma, 61 I Be. See Backcross progeny BCY. See Bovine coronavirus Beach's form, ofND, 75 Beak necrosis, 961 Beak trimming, 3 cannibalism and, 9 neuroma and, 607 BEAs. See Boiled extract antigens Beaudette's form, ofND, 75 Bed bugs, 1019 Beetles, 1014--15 suppression of, 1015-16 Bentonite clay, 1213 Benzalkonium chloride, 743 Benzimidazole, 1097, 1100, 1235 Beta-aminopropionitrile, 1168 Beta-glucan, 682, 716 Beta-propiolactone (BPL), 119, 159,743 BFPyV: See Budgerigar fledgling polyomavirus BGM-70. See Baby grivet monkey kidney cells BHK. See Baby hamster kidney BH-RSY. See Bryan's high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus Bichloride of mercury, 910 Big-Liver-and-Spleen Disease (BLS). See Hepatitis E virus Big spleen Marek's disease. See Multicentric histiocytosis Binaryethyleneimine, 159, 160 Binding agents, 1213-14 Biosecurity, 14, 90. See also Quarantine; Sanitation for AI, 164, 172 for AlS, 934 for campylobacteriosis, 681 forMD,490 for MG, 818 for viral arthritis, 318 Biosecurity for the Birds (DVD), 14 Biotin, 1134-35 Biotoxins,1247

INDEX. 1285

BioVet, 1080 Bird grippe. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Birdproofing, 11 Bimaviruses, 185 Bisphenols, 28 Black dump fly, 1014 Blackhead. See Histomoniasis Black locust, 1247 Bladder pod, 1247 Blepharoconjunctivitis, 1179--80 Blindness with arizonosis, 666 withMD,470 Blood samples, 34-35 Blue bugs (Argas persicus), 34, 1017 Bluecomb disease. See Turkey coronavirus enteritis Bluestone. See Copper sulfate Blue wing disease, 895 GD and, 885 BMEC. See Brain microvascular endothelial cells Boiled extract antigens (BEAs), 766 Bollinger bodies, 291 Bone fractures, 1159 Bone marrow CIA and, 219, 220f GoCV and, 244 TB in, 945f Bordete//a avium, 100 Bordetella avium rhinotracheitis (BART). See Bordetellosis BordetelJosis, 100, 774-84 active immunity with, 781-82 adenovirus and, 783 antibiotics and, 783-84 antigenicity of, 777 antigenic structure of, 776 biochemical properties of, 775 carriers of, 779 CH 20 for, 783 chemical agents and, 776 chlamydiosis and, 783 classification of, 775 clinical signs of, 779 diagnosis of, 782-83 differential diagnosis for, 783 disinfectants for, 776, 783 E. coli and, 783 economic significance of, 774 ELISA for, 778, 782-83 epizootiology of, 778-82 etiology of, 775-78 growth requirements of, 775

history of, 774-75

hosts of, 778-79 inununity with, 781-82 incubation period of, 779 infectious bursal disease and, 774 intervention for, 783--84 lesions with, 779-81 live vaccination for, 783 maternal immunity with, 782 morbidity with, 779 morphology of, 775 mortality with, 779 ND and, 783 oxytetracycline for, 784 passive immunity with, 782 pathobiology of, 778-82 pathogenesis of, 781 pathogenicity of, 777 pathology of, 779-81 physical agents and, 776 public health significance of, 774 serology for, 782-83 strain classification of, 777 streptomycin and, 776 sulfonamides and, 776 temperature and, 776 tetracycline and, 776 transmission of, 779 treatment for, 783--84 vaccination for, 783 virulence factors with, 777-78 Boric acid, 1241 Borrel bodies, 291, 298 Borrelia spp., 954-55 active immunity with, 955 antibiotics for, 955 chloramphenicol for, 955 kanamycin for, 955 penicillin for, 955 streptomycin for, 955 tetracycline for, 955 tylosin for, 955 Botulism, 865, 879-83 bacitracin for, 883 cefoxitin for, 883 cephalothin for, 883 chloramphenicol for, 883 clindamycin for, 883 clinical signs of, 881-82 cyclophosphamide for, 882 diagnosis of, 882-83 distribution of, 880 ELISA for, 882 epizootiology of, 881-82 erythromycin for, 883 etiology of, 880-81 history of, 880

hosts of, 881 humans and, 880 immunity with, 882 incidence of, 880 incubation period of, 881 MD and, 883 metronidazole for, 883 morbidity with, 882 morphology of, 880 mortality with, 882 paralysis with, 865, 883 pathogenesis of, 881-82 pathology of, 882 penicillin for, 883 prevention of, 883 rifampicin for, 883 tetracycline for, 883 transmission of, 881 treatment for, 883 vaccination for, 883 vancomycin for, 883 vitamin A for, 883 vitamin D for, 883 vitamin E for, 883 Bouba aviaria. See Pox Bovine Burdizzo castration forceps, 35 Bovine coronavirus (BCV), 330 BPL. See Beta-propiolactone Brachyspira spp. See Avian intestinal spirochetosis Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC),699 Breast blisters, 11-12 with MS, 850 Breast bum, 887 Breeder codes, 8 Breeder flock, 5-7 ALVand, 552 bordetellosis and, vaccination for, 783 with capillaria worms, 6 hatching eggs and, management of, 7-11 as infection source, 15-16 infectious bronchitis and, 123 interior egg-borne diseases in, 6 LT and, vaccination for, 146 management of, 5-7 nutrition for, 5--6 obesity in, 5 ORT in, 768 slaughter of, 6 testing of, 6 vaccination for, 6, 318 Breeder house, design of, 7 Brittle bone. See Malabsorption syndrome Brodifacoum, 1244-45

1286 • INDEX

Broiler chickens AAS in, 276 CIA and, 211, 324 vaccination and, 227 MD in, 453, 472 ORTm,767 proventricular dilation in, 1272-76 proventriculitis in, 1272-76 rotavirus in, 344 SDS in, 1167-68 vaccination of, 130 foreIA,227 for LT, 146 Bromo-deoxyuridine (BUOR), 522 Bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT),48 Bronchomycosis. See Aspergillosis Brooder temperature, 13-14 Brocella abortus, 196 Brunswick disease. See High pathogenicity avian influenza Bryan's high-titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus (BH-RSY), 520-21, 525 CEF for, 547 Budgerigar fledgling polyomavirus (BFPyV), 393 BUOR. See Bromo-deoxyuridine Buildings cages in, 11-12 construction of, 11-13 design of, 4 entrances to, II floors of, 11-12 sanitation in, 25 wild birds and, 11 Bumblefoot, Staphylococcus spp. and, 893t, 895 Buphthalmia, 1179 Buphthalmos, in turkeys, 1179 Bursa of Fabricius, 48, 48f, 191, 533f aflatoxin and, 1207 CIA and, 220 DYE and, 389 GoCY and, 244 QB and, 288 ruuting disease syndrome and, 574 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 Bursectomization, LT and, 142 Butynorate, 1064, 1082 for hexamitiasis, 1104 BVOy' See Psittacine beak and feather disease virus

C Cacao, 1247

CaCy' See Canary circovirus

CadF. See Campylobacler adhesion to fibronectin Cadmium, 1238 Cage rearing facility, 6 Cages, 12f in buildings, 11-12 Calcium, 1136-37 CTC and, 983 eggshells and, 6 toxicity from, 1236 Calcium hypochlorite, 28 Calcium oxide, 28 Caliciviridae spp., 441 CALT. See Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue CAM. See Chorioallantoic membrane Cambendazole, 1052, 1053, 1235 Campylobacter spp. AIS and, 933 antibiotics and, 44 astrovirus and, 354 HEVand, 441 necropsy and, 38 Campylobaeter adhesion to fibronectin (CadF),679 Campylobacter invasion antigen B (CiaB),679 Campylobacteriosis, 675-82 antibiotics for, 679 biosecurity for, 681 carriers of, 676-78 CE with, 681 clinical signs of, 678 diagnosis of, 679-80 diarrhea and, 678, 680 drinking water and, 676 ELISA for, 680 epizootiology of, 675-79 etiology of, 675 feed and, 682 humans and, 680-81 immunity with, 679 incubation period of, 678 insects and, 676-77 lesions with, 678 pathobiology of, 675-79 pathogenesis of, 678-79 pathology of, 678 PCR for, 680 public health significance of, 680-81 rodents and, 677 temperature and, 675 transmission of, 676-78 vaccination for, 681 in wild birds, 677

Canaries, pox vaccination for, 30I Canary circovirus (CaCV), 236, 238 Candidiasis, 1001-4 age and, 1002 clinical signs of, 1002 copper sulfate for, 1003 CTC for, 1004 diagnosis of, 1003 distribution of, 1002 eggs and, 1003 epizootiology of, 1002-3 etiology of, 1002 history of, 1001-2 incidence of, 1002 lesions of, 1002-3 nystatin for, 1003-4 pathogenesis of, 1002-3 sanitation and, 1003 treatment of, 1003-4 vitamin A and, 1004 Candling, IB and, 120 Canker, 1100 Cannibalism, 1149-50 beak trimming and, 9 TB and, 944 Capillaria anatis, 1041 Capillaria spp., breeder hens with, 6 Capillaria bursata. 1040 Capillaria eaudinfJata. 1040 Capillaria contorta, 1028-29 Capillaria obsignata, 1038--40 control of, 1052 Captan, 1242 Carbadox, 934 Carbamate insecticides, 1243-44 Carbarsone. See p-Ureidobenzeneacsonic acid Carbaryl, 1244 Carbofuran, 1244 Carbohydrate assimilation panels, 1003 Carbohydrares, 1123 Carbolic acid. See Phenol Carbolinium, 31 toxicity with, 1242 Carbon dioxide erysipelas and, 910 IC and, 790 for killing birds, 35 Mycoplasma iowae and, 856 toxicity of, 1245 Carbon monoxide, 1245 Carbon tetrachloride, 1246 Carb-o-scp. See p-Ureidobenzenearsonic acid Carbowax, 142 Carolina jessamine, 1247

INDEX. 1287

Cartilaginous nodules, of lungs, 1170, 1l7lf CAS. See Chorioallantoic sac Cassava, 1247 Castor bean, 1247 CAstY. See Chicken astroVITuS CAT. See Cefoperazone amphotericin teicoplanin Cataracts, 1179 CAY. See Chicken anemia virus CCP. See Classical complement pathway CEo See Competitive exclusion Cecal tonsil, 193, 194 CEE See Chicken embryo fibroblasts Cefoperazone, 679 Cefoperazone amphotericin teicoplanin (CA"D,679

Cefoperazone vancomycin amphotericin (CVA),679

Cefoxitin, 883 Ceftiofur,759, 1207 CEK. See Chicken embryo kidney CEL. See Chicken embryo liver Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), 50-51 withAl,161 with GPY, 400 with HE, 281 with HEY, 445 with infectious bursal disease, 196 with LT, 142 with MD, 479, 480-81, 483-84 with MDPY, 400 with MG, 816 ochratoxins and, 1209 with PHYI, 407 with RA, 761 with viral arthritis, 316 Cellulitis, 691, 704 CELD. See Chicken embryo lethal orphan Central nervous system (CNS) astrocytoma of, 606, 607f MD and, 4671, 477 pineal body tumor of, 606-7 Cephalothin, 883 Cervical dislocation, killing birds with, 35

Cesium chloride (CsCI), 253 Cestodes, 1056-64 in chickens, 1059--62 classification of, 1058-59 control of, 1064 diagnosis of, 1059 distribution of, 1058 in ducks, 1063-64 in geese, 1063--64

history of, 1058 incidence of, 1058 morphology of, 1058-59 treatment for, 1064 in turkeys, 1062-63 CE See Complement-fixation test CH2Q. See Fonnaldehyde Chandlerella quiscali, 1051 Charadriformes spp., 164 Charcoal,1214 Cheilospirura hamulosa, 1034-35 Cheilospirura spinosa, 1035-36 Chemotherapy for arizonosis, 671 for histomoniasis, 1100 for PHVI, 407 Chicken(s). See also Broiler chickens adenovirus in, 259 ANY in,411 cestodesin, 1059-62 chlamydiosis in, 979 coccidiosis in, 1070-80 cryptosporidiosis in, 1087-88 EDS in, 268--69 EEE in, 416 IT in, 625 GD in, 885 HEV and, 444 IC and, 793-94 infectious bronchitis and, 121 infectious bursal disease in, 189, 1262 LL in, 532 US in, 529 MD in, 452, 464 MG and, 813, 814 MS in, 848 ND and, 79-80 NE and, 872 nematodes and, 1026t PO in, 625 proventricular dilation in, 1272 reovirus in, 323 SHS in, 103 Streptococcus spp. in, 900 UE in, 868 WNV in, 420-21 Chicken anemia agent (CAA). See Chicken anemia virus Chicken anemia virus (CAV), 196,21 I, 236

virus replication of, 237 Chicken astrovirus (CAstV), 351, 352 Chicken bursal lymphoma, 574-75, 575f Chicken edema disease, 1246 Chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), 66, 162,463

for ALY, 546 for BH-RSY, 547 infectious bursal disease and, 187, 197 IT and, 419 for MD, 481, 485 multicentric histiocytosis and, 592 forRSV, 547 Chicken embryo kidney (CEK), 139 Chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO), 251,252

QB and, 287 vaccination with, 261--62 Chicken embryo liver (CEL), 139 adenovirus group I and, 255 Chicken genome, 63--64 Chicken infectious anemia (CIA), 209-27. See also Blue wing disease active immunity with, 223 adenovirus and, 252 age and, 221-22 antibiotics for, 227 aplastic anemia syndromes and, 226 attenuation of, 216-17 bone marrow and, 219, 220f broiler chickens and, 211, 324 bursa of Fabricius and, 220 chemical agents and, 215 chemical composition of, 212-13 chlorofonn for, 215 clinical signs of, 218-19 coccidiosis and, 224 CPE with, 212 CTL and, 211 diagnosis of, 224-27 differential diagnosis for, 226-27 disinfectants for, 215 distribution of, 217 DNA probes for, 224-25 economic significance of, 211 ELISA for, 226 EM of, 213f, 225 epidemiology and, 217-24 etiology of, 212-17 formaldehyde for, 215 hematology of, 218-19 hemorrhagic-aplastic anemia and, 219 history of, 212 hosts of, 217 hypochlorites for, 215 IBH and, 219 IFA for, 225-26 IF for, 225 immunity with, 222-23 immunosuppression with, 223-24 inactivated vaccination for, 227 incidence of, 217

1288 • INDEX

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) (continued)

inclusion body hepatitis and, 212 incubation period of, 218 infectious bronchitis and, 223 infectious bursaJ disease and, 219, 226-27 intervention for, 227 iodine for, 215 IP for, 225 laboratory hosts of, 217 lesions with, 219 maternal immunity with, 223 MD and, 224, 462, 472, 484 morbidity with, 219 morphology of, 212 mortaJity with, 219 ND vaccination and, 224 passive immunity with, 223 pathobiology of, 217-24 pathogenesis of, 220-23 pathogenicity of, 216 pathology of, 219-20 PCR for, 215, 224 phenol for, 215 physical agents and, 215 public health significance of, 211-12 RT-PCR for, 213 Salmonella spp. and, 223 serology for, 225-26 SPF and, 211, 218 Staphylococcus spp. and, 894 strain classification of, 215-17 from sulfonamides, 1232 thymus and, 220-21, 226 transmission of, 218 vaccination for, 227 virus replication with, 213-15 VN for, 226 Chicken kidney (CK), 139,463. See also Chicken embryo kidney adenovirus group I and, 255 ANY and, 409 for MD, 485 Chicken mites, 1016-17 Chicken nonbursal lymphoma, 575, 575f Chickens, colifonn cellulitis and, 734-35 Chick sexers, 8-9 Chick syncytial virus, 568 Chiggers, 1018 Chilling, 4 Chlamydia psittaci, 378

Chlamydiosis, 971-83 age and, 980 AI and, 982 antibiotics for, 973

antigenic structure of, 973-74 biochemical properties of, 973 bordetellosis and, 783 carriers of, 977-78 chemical agents and, 973 in chickens, 979 chloramphenicol for, 973 classification of, 972 clinical signs of, 978-80 colibacillosis and, 982 CTC for, 983 developmental cycle of, 975-76 diagnosis of, 980-82 differential diagnosis for, 982 distribution of, 976-77 in ducks, 979 E. coli and, 974 ELISA for, 981 epizootiology of, 976-80 erythromycin for, 973 etiology of, 972-76 in geese, 979 history of, 971-72 hosts of, 977 humans and, 32, 971 IF for, 981 immunity with, 980 incidence of, 976-77 incubation period of, 978-80 insects and, 977-78 intervention for, 982~83 kanamycin for, 973 LPAI and, 171 MABs with, 981 morbidity with, 978-80 morphology of, 972 mortality with, 978-80 Neisseria spp. and, 974 Pasteurella spp. and, 982 pathobiology of, 976-80 pathogenesis of, 978-80 pathogenicity of, 975 pathology of, 978-80 PCR for, 982 penicillin for, 973 in pheasants, 980 physical agents and, 973 in pigeons, 979, 983 public health significance of, 971 in quail, 980 regulations with, 983 reporting of, 32 Salmonella spp. and, 983 serology for, 982 sinusitis and, 818 strain classification of, 974-75

tetracycline for, 973 transmission of, 977-78 treatment for, 983 in turkeys, 983 vaccination for, 983 Chlamydophila psittaci, 102 Chloramine, 188 Chloramphenicol,752-53 for Borrelia spp., 955 for botulism, 883 for chlamydiosis, 973 for RA, 759 for zygomycosis, 1007 Chlorates, 1242 Chlordane, 1243 Chlorhexidine, 694 Chloride, 1138 Chlorinated lime, 28 Chlorine, 13 toxicity with, 1242 Chlorine dioxide, 694 2-chloro-4 acetololuidine (CAT), 1245 Chlorofonn, 138 adenovirus group I and, 255 AE and, 431 ANV and, 410 astrovirus and, 352 for CIA, 215 circovirus and, 238 DVE and, 385 EDS and, 268 for HE, 278 rotavirus and, 340 TVH and, 426 UE and, 868 viral arthritis and, 311 Chlortetracycline (CfC) for AlS, 934 calcium and, 983 for candidiasis, 1004 for chlamydiosis, 983 for EnterococcUY spp., 906 forGD,888 for MG. 821 for MS, 851 penicillin and, 44 for Streptococcus spp., 903 forUE,870 Choanotaenia i'!fundibulum, 1061 Cholangiocellular tumor, 604 Cholera. See Fowl cholera Cholesterol, Mycoplasma iowae and, 856-57 Choline, 1135-36 for hepatic lipidosis, 1175

INDEX. 1289

Chondroma, 540, 613 Chooobydmte (CMC), 868 Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), 39-40, 138 HNEG and, 394 infectious bursal disease and, 189, 197 LT and, 142 MD and, 464 Mycop/asma iowae and, 858 pox and, 293 viral arthritis and, 312 Chorioallantoic sac (CAS), 162 Chorioretinitis, in turkeys, 1179 Chromium, 1238 Chronic neoplasia., 568, 573 LL and, 579 MD and, 579-110 Chronic respiratory disease (CRD), 691. See also Mycoplasma gallisepticum coJibacillosis and, 707 Chymotrypsin, 362 DYE and, 385 CIA. See Chicken infectious anemia CiaB. See Campy/obaeter invasion antigen B Cinnamaldehyde, 991 Circodnaviridae spp., 236 Circovirdae spp., 209, 212, 236 Circovirus, 209-45. See also Canary circovirus; Chicken anemia virus; Goose circovirus; Pigeon circovirus; Porcine circovirus; Psittacine beak and feather disease virus active immunity with, 243-44 carriers of, 240 chemical agents and, 237-38 chemical composition of, 237 chloroform and, 238 classification of, 237 clinical signs of, 240-41 diagnosis of, 244--45 differential diagnosis for, 244-45 disinfectants and, 238 distribution of, 239 economic significance of, 236 EM for, 244 epidemiology of, 239-44 etiology of, 237-39 formaldehyde and, 238 fonnic acid and, 238 genetics and, 238-39 glutaraldehyde and, 238 glyoxylic acid and, 238 HA for, 244

HI for, 244 history of, 236-37 hosts of, 239-40 humans and, 236 immunity with, 243-44 inununogenicity with, 238 incidence of, 239 incubation period of, 240 intervention for, 245 lesions with, 241-43 morbidity with, 240-41 morphology of, 237 mortality with, 240-41 ORF with, 238 passive immunity with, 244 pathobiology of, 239-44 pathogenesis of, 243 pathogenicity of, 239 pathology of, 241-43 physical agents and, 237-38 public health significance of, 236 serology for, 244 strain classification of, 23S-39 temperature and, 238 transmission of, 240 vaccination for, 245 virus replication of, 237 Citric acid, 694 fo' GO, 888 Citrinin, 1209-10 CUrobacter spp., 955 CK. See Chicken kidney Classical complement pathway (CCP), 48 Clindamycin, 883 Clinical mycoplasmosis, 4 Clinical salmonellosis, 4 Cloacal bursa, 193, 193f, 194f Cloacal prolapse, 1172-73 Clopidol, 1080 Clostridial diseases, 865-88. See also Botulism; Gangrenous dermatitis; Necrotic enteritis; Ulcerative enteritis depopulation and, 10 Clostridial enteritis. See Necrotic enteritis Clostridium spp., 865 AIS and, 933 Clostridium peifringens-associated hepatitis (CPH), 865 CMC. See Chopped Meat Carbohydrate CMI. See Cell-mediated irrununity eNS. See Central nervous system Cobalamin. See Vitamin Bt2 Cobalt, 1236

Coccidiosis, 4, 17,68,1068-88 in chickens, 1070-80 controlof,IOn-80 diagnosis of, 1070, 1076-17 distribution of, 1070 epidemiology of, 1075-76 etiology of, 1070 hosts of, 1075 incidence of, 1070 transmission of, 1075-76 CIA and, 224 classification of, 1068-69 disinfectants for, 1080 drug resistance with, 1079 drugs for, 12, 14, 1079-80 in ducks, 1083--84 DVE and, 390

in geese, 1083 genetic resistance to, 68 infectious bursal disease and, 197, 1069 life cycle of, 1069 MADs for, 1080 MD and, 472,1069 MHC and, 68

NE and, 1069 necropsy and, 38 ochratoxins and, 1209 in pigeons, 1084 sanitation for, 1080 in turkeys, 1080-83 UE and, 868, 869 vaccination for, 875, 1080 Coccivac, 1080 Coch/osoma anaris, 1091-94 classification of, 1091-93 clinical signs of, 1093-94 epizootiology of, 1093-94 etiology of, 1091-93 hosts of, 1093 incubation period of, 1092-93 life cycle of, 1092-93 morphology of, 1091-92 pathogenesis of, 1093-94 pathogenicity of, 1093-94 prevention of, 1094 transmission of, 1092-93 treatment for, 1094 Cockfighting, 16 NO and, 84 COCV See Colombid circovirus Codiostomum struthionis, 1046 Coenonia spp., 955 COFAL. See Complement-fIXation test for avian leukosis viruses Coff.. senna, 1247-48

1290 • INDEX

Colibacillosis, 691-716 antimicrobials for, 714--15 aspergillosis and, 997 biochemical properties of, 693 carriers of, 702-3 chemical agents and, 694 chlamydiosis and, 982 clinical signs of, 703 CRD and, 707 diagnosis of, 712 differential diagnosis for, 712 distribution of, 700-701 economic significance of, 691 epizootiology of, 700-712 etiology of, 692-700 FQ for, 715 genetic resistance to, 68 gentamicin for, 715 HE and, 283 history of, 692 hosts of, 701-2 inactivated vaccination for, 713 incidence of, 700-701 infectious bronchitis and, 702, 707 infectious bW'Sai disease and, 196 insects and, 703 intervention for, 712-13 live vaccination for, 713 morbidity with, 703 morphology of, 693 mortality with, 703 mutant vaccination for, 714 NO and, 707 ochratoxins and, 1209 passive immunity and, 714 pathobio1ogy of, 700--712 pathogenesis of, 711-12 pathology, 703-11 physical agents and, 694 public health significance of, 691 recombinant vaccination for, 714 streptomycin for, 715 transmission of, 702-3 treatment for, 714--16 vaccination for, 713-14 virulence factors of, 696-700 Coliform cellulitis, 732-36 chickens and, 734--35 diagnosis of, 735 E. coli and, 732-33 epidemiology of, 733-34 etiology of, 732-33 feathering and, 733-34 feed and, 734 hosts of, 734--35 lesions with, 735

litter and, 734 MHC and, 733 pathobiology of, 734--35 pathogenesis of,735 pathology of, 735 prevention of, 735-36 risk factors for, 733-34 temperature and, 734 treatment for, 735-36

VVD and, 735 Colifonns. See also Colibacillosis as egg-borne disease, 17 Coligranuloma, 691, 710, 7lOf Colisepticemia, 691, 707 enteric-origin, 708 layer, 708 neonatal, 708 respiratory-origin, 707-8 Colistin, 679 for AIS, 924 Colombid circovirus (CoCV), 238 Color Atlas ojDiseases ofthe Domestic Fowl and Turkey, 33 Combs

MD and, 472 MS and, 850 removal of, 9 Competitive exclusion (CE), 649-50, 651 with campylobacteriosis, 681 with NE, 875 Complement-fixation test (CF), 868 for sarcocystosis, 1112 Complement·fixation test for avian leukosis viruses (COFAL), 522, 546 Composting for AI, 172 of dead birds, 25 Compound 1080. See Sodium monofluroacetate Conjunctival-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT),48 Conjunctivitis, 155 blepharoconjunctivitis, 1179-80 with DVE, 387 with IC, 795f keratoconjunctivitis, 11 with LPAI, 168 MG and, 813 Staphylococcus spp. and, 90 1 Streptococcus spp. and, 901 Contact dermatitis, 1181 Contagious epithelioma. See Pox Copper, 1140, 1155 aortic rupture and, 1168 toxicity from, 1236-37

Copper sulfate (Bluestone), 29-30,1213 for candidiasis, 1003 for GO, 888 TVP and, 1276 Com, 1168 Com cockle, 1248 Corneal ectasia, 1179 Corneal edema, 1179 Coronaviridae spp., 118,330 Coronavirus, 122 ELY, and, 360 Corporation farming, 4--5 TB and, 941 Corticosteroid, 387 Corynebacterium spp., 952, 955 Coryza. See Infectious coryza Cotton seed meal, 1248 Coxiella spp., 974 Coyotillo, 1248 CPA. See Cydopiazonic acid CPE. See Cytopathic effects CPH. See Clostridium peifringensassociated hepatitis CRD. See Chronic respiratory disease Creosote, toxicity with, 1242 Cresol,27-28 for erysipelas, 910 for LT, 138 for TCV, 331 toxicity with, 1242 Crooked neck, 1161 Crooked toes, 1161 Crop adenoma of, 603 impaction of, 1172 nematodes of, 1046 pendulous, 1172, 1172f CraUl/aria spp., 1248 Crude oil, 31 Cryptosporidiosis, 783, 1006-7,

1085-90 in chickens, 1087-88 control of, 1089 diagnosis of, 1089-90 distribution of, 1087 ELISA for, 1090 history of, 1085-86 humans and, 1085 immunity with, 1089 incidence of, 1087 life cycle of, 1086--87 MD and, 472 morphology of, 1086--87 PCR for, 1090 prevention of, 1089 in quail, 1089

INDEX. 1291

sanitation and, 1089 sinusitis and, 818 taxonomy of, 1085-86 in turkeys, 1088-89 TVP and, 1276

Cryptosporidium baileyi, 219, 324 CsCI. See Cesium chloride CTC. See Chlortetracycline CfD. See Cytolethal toxin CTL. See Cytotoxic T lymphocytes C-type retrovirus, 569 Culex spp., 419-20 Culiseta melanura, 415 Cutis feather folliculoma of, 610 neoplastic diseases of, 610-11 squamous cell carcinoma of, 610 Cux-I,216 CVA. See Cefoperazone vancomycin amphotericin; 2--chloro·4 acetololuidine Cyanosis, 90 I Cyathostoma bronchialis, 1046-47 Cycloheximide, 679 for tactylariosis, 1006 for zygomycosis, 1007 Cyclophosphamide for botulism, 882 LT and, 142 Cyclopia, 1179 Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), 1211 Cyclosporin, 281 Cynomolgus monkeys, 110

Cyrnea colini, 1030-31 Cysteine hydrochloride, 621, 1155, 1235 Cystic right oviduct, 1180 Cytokines, 52, 53t. See also Interferon; Interleukin genes for, 53t MD and, 479 Cytolethal toxin (CTD), 679 Cytopathic effects (CPE), 80, 105 with AE, 431 with ALY, 525 with CIA, 212 with DH type 1,375,377 with EEE, 417 with GPY, 40 1 with MDPY, 401 with pox, 293, 296 with REV, 571 Cytosine arabinoside, 311 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), 51, 161,462 CrA and, 211 REV and, 577

D Dactylariosis, 1005-6 Daily restriction, nutrition and, 5--6 D-alanine, 893 Danofloxacin, 851 Darkling beetle, 1014-15, 1015f DAS. See Deacetoxyscirpenol Daubentonia, 1248 Davainea proglottina, 1061 DCM. See Dilated cardiomyopathy DDE,1243 DDT,1243 DDVP. See Dichlorvos Deacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 1198-1200 Dead birds Al and, 172-73 burying of, 25 composting of, 25 decomposition pits for, 25 disposal of, 4, 25 GO and, 887 incineration of, 25 as infection source, 25 rendering of, 25 Death camas, 1248 Decomposition pits, 25, 26f Decoquinate, 1079 Deep pectoral myopathy, 1162--63 DEE See Duck embryo fibroblast Degenerative joint disease, 1158-59 Dehydration, 1150-51 DEK. See Duck embryo kidney DEL. See Duck embryo liver Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), 946-47 Deletrocephalus dimidiatus, 1041 Deoxynivalenol (DON), 1198-1200 Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs), 282 Deoxyribonuclease, 893 Depluming mites, 1017 Depopulation, 10 age and, 10 clostridia and, 10 disease and, 4 infectious coryza and, 10 intestinal parasites and, 10 LT and, 10 mycoplasma and, 10 production cycle and, 10 Dermal squamous cell carcinoma (DSeC), 588-91, 590f diagnosis of, 591 distribution of, 589 economic significance of, 589 epidemiology of, 589-90

etiology of, 589-90 histopathology of, 589 history of, 588-89 incidence of, 589 lesions of, 589 pathogenesis of, 589-90

Dermanyssus gallinae. See Red mites Dermatitis, 993. See also Gangrenous dermatitis contact, 1181 ulcerative, 887 Dermatomycosis. See Dermatophytosis Dermatophytosis, 1004-5 Dermonecrotic toxin, 893 Derzsy's disease. See Goose parvovirus DR, See Duck hepatitis DHBV. See Duck hepatitis B virus DIA. See Dot immunobinding assay Diarrhea with AEEC, 705 with AlS, 922 with~410-11

aspergillosis and, 994 campylobacteriosis and, 678, 680 with EHEC, 705 with EIEC, 705 with ELVs, 358-59 with EPEC, 705 with erysipelas, 913 with ETEC, 705 with IC, 794 rotovirus and, 338, 346, 347 with SS, 361 TAstV and, 352 Diazinon, 1243 Dichlorvos (DDVP), 1235-36, 1243 Diclazuril, 1079 DID. See Double immunodiffusion Dieldrin, 1243 Diet. See Nutrition Difco. See Tryptose-phosphate agar Difteria aviar. See Pox Digestive acidifiers. 715 Digestive system, neoplastic diseases of, 602-5 Dihydrostreptomycin, 762 for MG, 821 toxicity with, 1233 Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 116&-