Daughters of the Earth: The Lives and Legends of American Indian Women

Da ug hte rs of the Ea rth

also by Carolyn Nietllam mer A MilRlCA N I NDI.\ N FOOD AND loRE

DAUGHTERS The Lives an d Le ge nd s

OF THE EARTH of American Indian Women b4 CAROLYN NIETHAIv1Iv1ER

COLLIER BOOKS Macmillan Publisiting Company NEW YORK

C OLLIER MACM I LLAN P UBL I SHERS LONDON

To My Sisters 'Vho, in seebng answers for today and tomorrow Might pause, and look at yesterday

Copyright

©

1977

by Cuolyn Niethammer

All rights reserved. No p~ rt of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Macmillan Publi5hing Company 866 Third Ihenue, New York, N. l'. Collier Macmillan Canada, Ine.

10011

Library of Congress Cataioging in Publication Data Niethammer, Carol)'fl Daughters of the earth. BibliOifaphy: p. 1. Indians of North America-'Vomen. 1. Indians of North America- Social life and customs. I. Title. Eq8.WSNS3 970~.OO."97 76'56103 ISBN

oJtRIE A. lroquois Crafts. Law rence, Kans. : Haskelllnstitute, 1945. MALONE, H ENR.Y THOfo,IPSON. C1ICrokees of the Old South. Athens, Ca.: University of Georgia Press, 1956. MANDELBAUM, DAV ID e. "The Plains C ree." Anthropological Pa pers of the American Museum of N atural H istory 37:2. New York : America n Museum of Nat ural H istory, 1940. MARRIOTT, ALlCE. Th e Ten Grandmothers. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1945. MASON, OTIS T. \Voma7l's Share in Primitive Culture. London: Maemillan & Co., 18.XD C. Ble#ingwC1)'. Recorded and translated by Father Bemard Haile. Tucson, Ariz. : Uni\'ersity of Arizona Press, 1970. Yousc, FLU