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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN Session 209
209 0913_04F9_c2
© 1999, Cisco Syst...
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209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN Session 209
209 0913_04F9_c2
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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What You Should Know
• BRI • T1 and E1 PRI • ISDN Protocol Architecture
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Basic Rate Access (BRI) • 2B + D • SO Interface B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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T1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) • T1 PRI or S1 Interface • Used in North America and Japan • 23 B + D B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
E1 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) • E1 PRI or S2 Interface • Used in Europe • 30 B + D B-CHANNEL
B-CHANNEL
BRI
D-CHANNEL
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ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
Physical
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Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Troubleshooting ISDN
“
There are only two possible problems with IDSN:
The first problem occurs when you try to install it. The second problem occurs when you receive the first invoice. 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Troubleshooting ISDN
• Be systematic • Go step by step • Always troubleshoot both ends of the connection
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Troubleshooting Menu Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP LCP Speed 56/64 Pap/Chap NCP Ping remote net Tune cost 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Ping Remote ISDN Int
ping 1.1.1.1
Ping remote int Ping remote net Tune cost
ping 1.1.1.2
1.1.1.1
Troubleshooting
ISDN
1.1.1.2
• Do not bother to look at routing or cost issues if that doesn’t work 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Debug Dialer Router# debug dialer events Dialing cause: BRIO: ip (s=172.16.1.111 d172.16.2.22)
Troubleshooting Ping remote int Ping Debug remote dialer net Tune Sh isdn coststat Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
Router# debug dialer packets BRIO: ip (s=10.1.1.8, d=10.1.1.1), 100 bytes, interesting (ip PERMIT) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH ISDN Status Router#sh isdn status
Troubleshooting
ISDN BRIO interface
Layer 1 Status : DEACTIVATED Layer 2 NOT Activated Layer 3 Status : No Active Layer 3 Call(s)
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Debug LayerPPP 1 PingLayer remote 2 net TuneLayer cost 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TDM Multiplexing • Creates B1, B2 and D channels • 48 bit physical frame, 4000 frames/s, 192 kbits/s • 2 x 8 B1 bits, 2 x 8 B2 bits, 4 x 1 D bit 1
F
2 3
6
7
1
2 3
4
5
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB 11 111 1 11
F
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Troubleshooting
6 7
8
D
F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B A 22 2 22 2 22 1 11 1 11 11 Frame from NT to TE
D
B B BB BBB B 2 2 22 22 22
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B 1 11 1 111 1
D
F A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 111 1 Frame from TE to NT
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BB BBB B BB 22 22 22 22
D
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7
Synchronization Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
F
1st Line Code Violation
1
2 3
4 5 6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB BBB B B B 11 111 1 1 1
F
1
2 3 4
6
7 8
D
F N BB B BB B BB B BB B B B B B A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 D 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 Frame from NT to TE
B B BB B BBB 2 2 22 2 222
D
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B B B B B BB B 111 1 1 11 1
F
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2nd Line Code Violation
D
F A
B BB B BB B B D B B BB BBB B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 11 11 Frame from TE to NT
BB B BBB BB 22 2 222 22
D
D
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Activation ( A Bit ) Troubleshooting Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
• A = 0 , Deactivated • A = 1 , Activated 1
F
2 3
1
F
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6
7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
BB B BB B BB 11 111 1 11 2 3
4
5
6 7
8
D A F N B B B BB B B B D B B B B B B B B A 22 2 22 2 22 1 11 1 11 11 Frame from NT to TE
D
B B BB BBB B 2 2 22 22 22
D
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
B BB B BBB B 1 11 1 111 1
D
F A
B BB B B B B B D B B B B B B B B 2 22 2 22 2 2 1 1 11 111 1 Frame from TE to NT
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D
BB BBB B BB 22 22 22 22
D
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Activation Procedure: INFO 0 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal
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Activation Procedure: INFO 1 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
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Activation Procedure: INFO 2 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Activation Procedure: INFO 3 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
4– INFO 3–TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
F
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Activation Procedure: INFO 4 TE
1– INFO 0–Not Active: No Signal
NT
No Signal No Signal 2– INFO 1–TE becomes Active: "01111110" Signal (= HDLC Flags)
3– INFO 2–Network Sends Frames with A-bit = 0
A=0
F
4– INFO 3–TE Synchronises and Sends Physical Frames
F 5–INFO 4–NT Synchronizes and Sends Frames with A-bit = 1
F
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A=1
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Debug BRI: Activation 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 1B 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 20 23:57:24: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = 3 SID interrupt. status reg = C 23:57:24: BRI: Received activation indication… 23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E 23:57:26: BRI: write_sid: scp = 0, wrote = E 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Debug BRI: T3 Timer Expires BRI: Starting Power Up timer for unit = 2 BRI: write_sid: wrote 3 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Starting T3 timer after expiry of Power Up timeout for unit = 2, current state is F4 (…) BRI: write_sid: wrote 92 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 93 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: T3 timer expired for unit = 2, current state is F2 BRI: write_sid: wrote 1 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 0 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Forced interrupt for subunit 2, slot 1 is F BRI: write_sid: wrote FF for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 1 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: write_sid: wrote 0 for subunit 2, slot 1 BRI: Deactivation for unit = 2, current state is F2 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
SH CONT BRI 0 Router#sh cont bri BRIO unit 0 D Chan Info : Layer 1 is Activated Idb 0x9F6E8, ds 0xA56F8, reset_mask 0x8 buffer size 1524 RX ring with 2 entries at 0x2101600 : Rxhead 0 00 pak=0x0AB0A4 ds=0x40CE70 status=D000 pak_size=0 (…) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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PRI : SH CONT: No Alarms sh cont t1 T1 2/0 is up Description: Primary Rate Interface to DMS-100 No alarms detected Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line Data in current interval (165 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 1 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Degraded Mins 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 12 Unavail Secs 209 0913_04F9_c2
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PRI: SH CONT: Alarms sh cont t1 T1 2/1 is down Transmitter is sending remote alarm Receiver has loss of signal Framing is ESF, Line Code is B8ZS, Clock Source is Line Data in current interval (160 seconds elapsed): 0 Line Code Violations, 0 Path Code Violations 0 Slip Secs, 0 Fr Loss Secs, 0 Line Err Secs, 0 Errored Secs, 0 Bursty Err Secs, 0 Severely Err Secs, 160 Unavail Secs 209 0913_04F9_c2
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SH ISDN Status Router#sh isdn stat Troubleshooting
The current ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
ISDN BRI0 interface Layer 1 Status: Activated Layer 2 Status: NOT Activated Layer 3 Status: No Active Call(s)
Activated dsl 0 CCBs are 0, Allocated = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Physical
209 0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
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14
The Data Link Layer • The ISDN network does not impose the use of any data link layer protocol for the B channels • On the D channel the use of Q.921 or LAPD is defined • LAPD: Link Access Procedure on the D channel • Specified in CCITT I.441 and Q.921 • Q.921 protocol is used between the TE and the local ISDN switch (not end-to-end)
Q.921–LAPD TE 209 0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET 29
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
TEI Assignment • TE sends ID REQ, switch answers with ID ASSN • AI = 127 asks for any TEI • AI = 64 means TEI 64 is assigned • Reference Indicator (RI) is a random number • RI must match in request and response ID Request (AI = 127 , RI = 23) TE
ET ID Assigned (AI = 64 , RI = 23)
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Debug ISDN Q921: TEI Assigned
• TEI 64 gets assigned by the switch 2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX IDREQ ri = 63529 ai = 127 2426.924 TX -> IDREQ ri = 31418 ai = 127 2428.928 TX -> IDREQ ri = 9819 ai = 127 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Connection Establishment • The TE or the switch send an SABME to establish the data link connection • SABME needs to be acknowledged by a UA SABME (SAPI=0 , TEI=64) TE
ET UA (SAPI=0 , TEI=64)
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Debug ISDN Q921: Connection • You need a TEI before you can send an SABME • SAPI=0 means this data link will be used for signalling 2656.612 TX -> IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64 2656.676 RX IDREQ ri = 14613 ai = 127 2656.648 RX SABMEp sapi = 0 tei = 64 2656.676 RX INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 64 ns = 0 nr = 1 209 0913_04F9_c2
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Data Link Monitor • If no INFO frames are exchanged, the status of the data link can be checked by the periodic exchange of RR frames • This procedure is optional RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=3)
TE
ET
RR (SAPI=0 , TEI=64 , N(R)=7) 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Debug ISDN Q921: RR 180484 RX RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
190484 RX RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
200484 RX RRf
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
210484 RX RRf 209 0913_04F9_c2
sapi = 0 tei = 80 nr = 4
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SH ISDN Status Layer 1 Status: Troubleshooting
ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status:
Ping remote int Debug dialer Sh isdn stat Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Debug PPP Ping remote net Tune cost
0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 209 0913_04F9_c2
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN Protocol Architecture
Network Physical
LAPD–Q.921
I.430 (BRI)–I.431 (PRI)
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
Physical
209 0913_04F9_c2
Q.931
Data Link
PPP
D-Channel Network
IP, …
Data Link
B-Channel
40
20
The Network Layer • The ISDN network does not impose the use of any network link layer protocol for the B channels • On the D channel the use of Q.931 is defined • Q.931 protocol is used between the TE and the local ISDN switch (not end-to-end!) • Inside the ISDN network SS#7 ISUP is used
Q.931 TE 209 0913_04F9_c2
NT1
LT
ET 41
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ISDN Switch Type • Q.931 comes in many local flavours • Use the ISDN switch-type command to specify the correct version of the protocol basic-1tr6 basic-5ess basic-dms100 basic-net3 basic-ni1 basic-nwnet3 basic-nznet3 basic-ts013 209 0913_04F9_c2
- ntt - primary-4ess - primary-5ess - primary-dms100 - primary-net5 - vn2 - vn3
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Call Set Up • En-bloc sending: the initial set-up message contains all necessary addressing information
TE
Setup
ET
ET
Set-up
TE
Call Proceeding Connect
Connect Connect ACK
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Debug ISDN Q931: Outgoing Call 248236 TX -> INFOc sapi = 0 tei = 80 ns = 6 nr = 6 SETUP pd = 8 callref = 0x02 Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 Channel ID i = 0x83 Called Party Number i = 0x80, '372756' 248392 RX
