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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Branch-Based Network Architecture Session 1401
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1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Branch-Based Network Architecture Session 1401
1401 1026_05F9_c1
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Copyright © 1998, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Presentation_ID.scr
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Objective
Provide the key factors to design a cost-effective, branch-based network
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Agenda
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• • • • • • • •
Introduction Network Design Routing and Switching Scalability Security Management Examples Q&A
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Agenda
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• • • • • • • •
Introduction Network Design Routing and Switching Scalability Security Management Examples Q&A 5
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Some Typical Customer Examples
• Retail • Financial • Hospital • Government 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Banking Example • Automatic teller machines
PBX
• Transactions • Branch alarm systems • E-mail • Main branch call centers 1401 1026_05F9_c1
or ATM ATM (SDLC) (SDLC)
Alarm
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Application Examples • Terminal emulation • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) • Transaction and DB (checking, transfers, ATM, and queries) • Mail and file transfer • Web integration • Patient care 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Technology Evolution Mainframe
Mainframe
Mainframe
CIP
Server
37X5
3745
Front End Processor
Terminal Controller
NPSI
X.25
Modems
Gateway PAD
Frame Frame Relay Relay
X.25 PAD
PAD
SMDS ATM
Cluster Control
Local Access
SDLC
Cluster Control
Cluster Control
Token Ring
3174
Async Terms
Client
Async 12/2400 Leased Bisync 1401 1026_05F9_c1
Leased SDLC Multidrop
X.25 Usage Based Local Dial-Up
Frame Relay, ISDN ATM, SMDS, XDSL 9
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Today’s Multiservice Networks Order Language Config Language
Partner1
SDH/ATM/FR Backbone
Internet
ATM, Frame Relay, IP, Voice Services
Multiple Access Technologies Cable ADSL D/C
D/C
Frame ATM FUNI
ISDN POTS
Mobile
Wireless ATM 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Network Evolution Applications Application Resource Controls
Security Controls
Transport Services Applications Manageability Controls
Transport Services
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Component Class 7 6
Network Application Services
5
Firewalls
DNS/DHCP Policy Servers
4
Transport Router
3
Network
2
Data Link
1
Physical
LAN Switch
FR/ATM Switch
Bridge Stat Mux
Multiplexer
Hub 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Routers Multiple Protocols
Multiple Media Ethernet
IP
OSI SDLC Banyan
Novell
Private 19.2, 56, 64 kbps T1, E1, T3, E3
Token Ring
Circuit POTS, BRI, PRI Sw 56, H0, T1, T3
AppleTalk NetBIOS
FDDI
XNS SMDS DECnet ISDN Frame SRB Relay X.25
Packet X.25, Frame Relay SMDS, ATM
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Definition of a Flow • Traffic generated from a source to a destination • Depending on the protocol, traffic from sourcedestinationsource may be asymmetric or symmetric 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Know Your Flows • Application and network bandwidth • Batch and burst requirement Application packet size Application priority Latency Transactions/packets New York per second 512 Kbps Port • Packet destination type: unicast, multicast or broadcast • Congestion behavior • Data size and overhead • • • •
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Boston 256 Kbps Port Dallas 128 Kbps Port Atlanta 128 Kbps Port
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Traffic Definition Types
• Unicast (one to one only) • Multicast (one to many) • Broadcast (one to all)
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Multicasting Data Is Replicated at the Last Possible Point by the Network
• Saves bandwidth • Permits simultaneous replication • Offloads sending host • Creates trees and branches • Requires address management 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Application Example: Voice Compression Unacceptable
64
Business Quality
Toll Quality
(Cellular)
* PCM
Bandwidth (Kbps) * ADPCM 32 (G.723)
32 24 16 8
* ADPCM 24 (G.725) * * ADPCM 16 (G.726) LDCELP 16 (G.728) * * LPC 4.8 CS-ACELP 8 (G.729)
0 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Quality 18
9
Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A 19
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Network Design Criteria • Bandwidth management QoS, compression, bandwidth on demand, tariff management, capacity planning
• Security Authentication, encryption, firewall
• High availability Redundancy, backup
• Scalability
Qos Compression Bandwidth on Demand Tariff Management Authentication Encryption Firewall Redundancy Backup Hierarchical Design Network Management
Hierarchical design
• Manageability 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Hierarchical Network Design
• Core • Distribution • Access Best Way to Design for Scalability and Manageability 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
WAN Hierarchical Logical Design Central
Fully Redundant Efficient Traffic Forwarding
WAN Core FR,ATM, T3/E3,T1/E1 Regional
Route Summarization Use Separate Areas/ A.S. SAP Filtering Enable BW Features
Core
Regional Regional
Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch Branch
Branch Branch
Distribution
Branch
Static or Default Routes Compression
SOHO SOHO SOHO
SOHO
SOHO 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Mobile Mobile Mobile
Access
Mobile
Mobile 22
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Core
• High speed for traffic forwarding • Keep it simple, but redundant • Not oversubscribed • Don’t fully mesh—more complex and inefficient 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Distribution • Access aggregation and oversubscription • Address summarization for dedicated and backup lines (ISDN, dial, etc.)
Core
Distribution
• Limit number of access lines/PVCs per router • Know your flows in order to provision backbone uplinks and access links • Bandwidth management 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Access Core
• Bandwidth management (QoS, compression • Services • Media encapsulation and conversion (X.25, STUN, SNA, 1401 1026_05F9_c1
Access ATM
25
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Topology Design
• Star topologies • Fully-meshed topologies • Partially-meshed topologies
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Start Topologies
• Advantages: Simple management and tariff costs
• Disadvantages: Core router limits performance, single point of failure and not scalable 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Fully-Meshed Topologies
• Advantages: High redundancy and supports all net protocols
• Disadvantages: Large number of VCs, large number of packet/broadcast replication 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Partially-Meshed Topologies
• Combination of full and star topology • Best mix to provide scalability, limited number of VCs, redundancy and performance 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Broadcast/Multicast Issues • Multicast is treated as broadcast in packet based nets • Broadcast/multicast need to replicate over every VC on a physical line • Different levels of broadcast with different protocols Broadcast/Multicast Scalability and Performance Will Vary Based on Topology and Media Selection 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Some WAN Connectivity Options Leased Line
Frame Relay
ATM
56kbps and Above
56kbps to T3/E3 kbps
T1/E1 and Above
Variable Performance
Bandwidth Flexibility
More Performance Management
Cell Overhead
Lowest Cost
Highest Bandwidth/$
Optimizes Speed Minimizes Variable Performance Easier Management Highest Cost 1401 1026_05F9_c1
Cloud Redundancy
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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The Internet Protocol (IP)
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SNA, DECnet, AppleTalk…
• Legacy protocols • Still have many applications in use today • Ships in the night or encapsulated in another protocol (I.e., SNA over IP) • All use bridging or proprietary routing protocols 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Integrating Legacy into IP • Permits legacy protocols only where required • Any to any host communication • Reduces complexity of design and operations in the core and distribution • Uses efficient IP routing protocols for high availability • Uses more cost-effective IP tools 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Addressing
5.1
1.2 1.1 FDDI
Network 4
1.3 3.1
Network 1 3.2
2.2 2.1
2.3 FDDI
4.1 3.4
5.3 4.2
Token Ring Network 3 3.3
5.2 5.4
Network 5
Network 2
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Addressing Issues Efficient use of address space Growth Ease of administration Address efficiency vs. routing efficiency (summarization) • Static vs. dynamic addressing • Each routing/network protocol uses its own scheme (IP, IPX, DECnet) • • • •
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Queuing Comparison
• FIFO queuing • Weighted-fair queuing • Priority queuing • Custom queuing Critical for Multiservice Traffic 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Security • Scalability • Management • Examples • Q&A © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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The Basics Routing and Switching
• What Is Routing? • What Is Switching? • OSPF
• Packet Forwarding
• BGP
• Layer 3 Switch
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Router/Switch Functions
• Routing = building maps and giving directions • Switching = moving packets between interfaces 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Routing Protocol Goals • Optimal path selection • Loop-free routing • Fast convergence • Limited design administration • Minimize update traffic • Scalable—support hierarchical topology • Easy to configure 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Routing Protocol Choices • Static routes • Dynamic Internal Gateway Protocols (EIGRP, OSPF, RIPv1, RIPv2, etc.) External Gateway Protocols (BGP4) Multicast (PIM, DVMRP, mBGP)
• On-Demand Routing (ODR) 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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When to Use OSPF • Required dynamic routing • Hierarchical networks • Address aggregation • Fast convergence • No periodic updates—efficient for low-speed WANs The Best for Designing a New Network, Requires a Hierarchical Design 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
On-Demand Routing • Hub-spoke model • Hub dynamically maintains routes • No routing protocol required in stub
Dynamic Routing Protocol
PSTN ISDN
ODR
• Works well when only limited access or nondedicated links 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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BGP for External Connectivity Peering
AS 100
A
C
B
D
AS 101
E
AS 102
• NOT an IGP, external gateway protocol • Incremental update 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
When to Use BGP • Connecting to external entities owned or operated by you (other AS) • Only require connectivity information for best optimal path decision • Keeps internal routing information separate from external routing information
Use It when You Have Multihomed Internet or Partner Connections 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A 47
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Scalability • Performance • Growth and new applications • Media costs • Traffic flows and geographic concentration • Bandwidth efficiency • Load distribution and balancing 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Understanding Vendor Thresholds
• Hardware and/or software architectures and configurations vary • Often less than media speed for one or more interfaces in network device • Work with vendor to understand limitations, threshold behavior, and tuning capabilities 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
High Availability • Understand application performance and timeouts • Queuing and flow control mechanisms (transport and application-based) • Redundancy and load balancing issues (if possible to implement and how) • Fast network convergence (level 2 or 3) 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Scalability and Redundancy for Servers • Redundant servers (clusters) • Traffic director (centralized) • Distributed director (distributed) • Content caching • Replication and multicasting of contents 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Application Scalability
• Know the applications and flows • Test with developers for LAN and WAN testing (Ethernet, Frame Relay and Dial) • Test redundancy and high availability • Understand chatter 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A 53
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Security Issues
• What is my corporate security policy? Traffic issues Operational issues (network equipment configuration and service denial) What is your sensitive data? What is your cost of loss of data or service? How do I verify my security policy? 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Security AAA Server
Customer Network
ACL
HQ Network
ACL
Authenticated/Encrypted Connection Firewall Authenticated/ Encrypted Tunnel
NMS
NAS
1401 1026_05F9_c1
ACL
Internet
NetFlow Collector AAA Server
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Network Configuration • Password enabled or AAA for remote access and 16 levels of administrators • Directory services • Authentication for routing exchange • Filtering authorized NOC stations • Firewalling services and NOC • Logging and reporting 1401 1026_05F9_c1
• Active audits © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A 57
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Administration • Configuration management • Change management • Inventory management • Provisioning • Policy management • Capacity planning 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Operation
• Directory services • Logging and data collection • Availability management • SLA monitoring and reporting • Fault management 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Examples
• Banking • Financial • Retail
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Banking Applications • Automatic teller machines SDLC, bisync, security video
• Transactions Deposits, wire, foreign exchange
• Branch alarm systems • E-mail • Main branch call centers 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Banking Requirements
• Availability • Security • Multiprotocol • QoS 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Banking IP Transport 7200/7500
At Central Site Redundant Routers (HSRP) VoIP Termination Router ISDN/Dial Backup
PBX 3640
WAN Connect Options
IP
ISDN/Dial
Frame Relay: Multi VCs Leased Line ISDN (Backup)
CRTP WFQ
CQ
Voice/PBX Video SDLC or BSC LAN
WRED
or ATM ATM (SDLC) (BSC) 1401 1026_05F9_c1
Alarm
IP Precedence
3600
CAR
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Banking WAN Switched ATM, FR, Leased IGX 8400 AutoRoute PBX
OptiClass ForeSight
ATM/FR
or
ATM/FR/ Leased
Alarm
ATM ATM (SDLC) (SDLC)
MC3810 1401 1026_05F9_c1
Use ATM or Leased to Interconnect Multiple IGX Concentrators, Using Public FR Will Mean No AutoRoute; up to 255 Remote Connections per IGX 8400 WAN Connect Options MultiFlex Trunk: ATM Mode MultiFlex Trunk: Channelized Serial Port: Public FR Serial Port: Leased Serial Port: PPP (No Voice) Voice/PBX Video SDLC LAN
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Financial: Applications
• Stock trading—traditional • Stock trading—Internet • Stock ticker services (RT) • Securities exchange • Confirmations desk 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Financial: Requirements • Security • Redundancy (high availability) • Predictable and low delay • Multicast • High BW • QoS to offer different service levels 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Financial: Designs Confirmations Desk
Multicast
Firewall
A
HSRP
B PBX
Internet Redundant Connections
HSRP
Web Servers
Branch Home/Remote Trading
NASDAQ 1999 +100 CSCO 99.9 +5 NASDAQ 1999 +100 CSCO 99.9 +5
Foreign Offices
Trading Floor
Ticker Services 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Health Care: Applications • Electronic medical records Textual/multimedia; capture, track, archive, retrieve
• Teleradiology Filmless imaging system; capture, track, archive, retrieve
• Telemedicine (distant patient care) Remote diagnosis/surgery Specialist to specialist consultation
• Continuing education 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Health Care: Requirements
• Security • Bandwidth • Redundancy • QoS RSVP, WFQ, IP precedence 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Health Care: Designs MA GN
EMR Server Admin/ Finance
Dry Process Print
PBX CRTP
Nurse Call Center
MRI Center
Storage Archive Array Station PSTN ISDN
RSVP
Home Health
WFQ
Kidney Dialysis Center
IP Precedence
Partner Facility
Clinic Physician Radiologist Office Office Remote Clinic
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Retail
PBX
Central Site or Corp HQ
Backup Site
Redundant Routers (HSRP) Voice Termination Router High Speed Backup
Redundant Routers (HSRP) Voice Termination Router High Speed Backup
Regional Site or Store
ISDN/Dial
Point of Sale
Local Database Server
Store or Outlet Voice/PBX Video LAN
Alarm
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Redundant Routers Voice Termination Router Multiple Computer Site Connectivity
WAN Connect Options Frame Relay, ATM, VPN Leased Line POTS or ISDN (Backup) 72
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Agenda
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• Introduction • Network Design • Routing and Switching • Scalability • Security • Management • Examples • Q&A 73
© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
References
• “Internetworking Design Basics” and “Designing Packet Services” on CCO • Technology and products sessions for : WAN, Access, Cisco IOS, Security, Voice, Network Management and General 1401 1026_05F9_c1
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Objective
Provide the key factors to design a cost-effective, Branch-based network
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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Please Complete Your Evaluation Form Session 1401
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