Berkeley: A City in History

CHARLES WOLLENBER G

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he Railroad Age, the Depression, World War II, the Atomic Age, the Sixties—these periods shaped and were in turn shaped by Berkeley, California—a city that has had a remarkable influence given its modest size. This concise hook, the only upto-date history of Berkeley, is a rich chronicle connecting the people, trends, and events that made the cityto much larger themes in history. From the native builders of shellmounds to the blue-collar residents of Ocean View, the rise of the University of California, the World War II shipyards, and todays demographics and politics—it's all here in this fascinating account of the other beloved city by the bay. Along the way, we find the answers to many intriguing questions: Why is Adeline Street is so oddly aligned? How did Berkeley benefit from the 1906 earthquake that destroyed much of San Francisco? What differentiated Holy Hill from Nut Hill? Berkeley: A City in History offers a delightful sense of place to anyone who has lived in, worked in, or traveled through this unique city.

BERK Em

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Real-estate poster shows Berkeley in 1891, seen west from the hills. Open spaces still separate the old Ocean View from the rest of the town. Shattuck Avenue, with its steam train line, is establishing itself as Berkeley's downtown.

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BERKELEY A CIT Y I N HISTORY 33, 34-37, 39-40, 67 Berkeley Planning Commission, 82,85-86 Berkeley Police Department, 7 3 74,75 Berkeley Political Equality League, 69 Berkeley Public Library, 40, 41, 170, 178 Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, 117-18

INDEX /

Berkeley Repertory Theater, 171 Berkeley Women's City Club, 6 9 70, 70 Bernard, Emile, 59 Berryman, Henry, 22, 41-42, 88 Berryman Reservoir, 42 Berryman Station, 41 Berthelson's Motor Cycle Garage, 184 Bette's Ocean View Diner, 162 Big Game (UC/Stanford), 91, 92, 94 Billings, Frederick, 26 Biotechnical developments, 158-59 Birgeneau, Robert, 171 Black Panther Party, 143 Blaisdell, Allen, 103, 107 Blake, George, n , 38 "Block busting," 123 Board of Regents, 55, 56, 61, 125, 126, 127, 138, 142 Board of trustees, 34, 35, 37 Bohemian tradition, 7 6 - 8 1 Boilermakers Union, 114 Bolton, Herbert, 61-62 Book People, 160 Booth, Newton, 64 Bowen, William, 17 Bowles Hall (UC), 108-9 Boynton, Florence and Treadwell, 79-80 Brazilian Room, 97 Brennan family, 21, 44 Burbank School, 133 Busing of schoolchildren, 134 Byrne, Hannah, 112 Byrne, Napoleon Bonaparte, 22, 41 Byrne, Pete, 22, 112

213

Caldecott Tunnel, 96, 122 California Democratic Council, 129 California Land Commission, 11 California Theological Seminary, 66 Campanile (UC), 60, 61 Camp Ashby, 108 Carr, Ezra, 55-56 Carr, Jeanne, 81 T h e Cedars, 22, 41 Cedar Street, naming, 45-46 Center for Independent Living, 150

Central Pacific Railroad, 32—33. See also Southern Pacific Railroad Chabon, Michael, 160 Chamber of Commerce, 64, 65, 66,67 Chappellet, Felix, 41-42 Chappellet, Milvia, 42 Charter of city, 72, 73 Chavez, Cesar, 143 Cheese Board, 161 Chez Panisse, 161, 162 Chinese Americans, discrimination against, 35 Chinese immigrants, 21, 35 Chiron Corporation, 158 Churches and church schools, 6 5 66. See also specific churches Church of the Cedars, 2 2 Citizen's Ticket, 34 City charter, 72, 73 City council, 1-2, 71, 8 6 - 8 7 , 1 1 3 - 1 4 , 130, 131, 132, 151, 153

City-manager system, 72 City Relief Committee, 49 Civic Center Building, 170 Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 97

214 /

Civil rights movements, 102-4, II

3-I4,I3I~34,!36 Claremont district, 52, 53-54, 82 Claremont Hotel, 52-53 Clark Kerr Campus (UC), 150 Coal-gas lines, 44 Codornices Creek, 7, 42, 115 Codornices Village, 115-16, 143 Cody, Fred and Pat, 146-47 Cody's Books, 168 Cohelan, Jeffrey, 130, 150-51 Cold war, 105, i n , 149 Colgate-Palmolive, 20, i n Colgate-Palmolive Peet, 155-56 College Avenue shopping district, 53 College Homestead Association, 2 5>3° College of California, 22-27 College of Natural Resources (UC), 166 Colonialism, 4-7, 8, 9 Columbia fire station, 44 Community Theater, 97, 127 Connerly, Ward, 165 Consumer Cooperative of Berkeley, 101, 128-29 Contra Costa Academy, 23-24 Cooperatives, 101, 128-29 Corley, James, 126 Cornell Watch Company, 20 Costanoan people, 2. See also Huichin Coxhead, Almeric, 78 Cragmont neighborhood, 54 Creedence Clearwater Revival, 159 Cultural life, 159-61, 171 Cultural rebellion, 145-48 Curtis, Maurice. See Strellinger, Maurice

INDEX

Curtis, Michael, 11, 21 Cutter Laboratories, 102, 117, 158-59 Daily Californian, 103, 120 Davis, William Heath, 9 Dean, Shirley, 169 Delaware Street, 17 Dellums, C.L., 113 Dellums, Ron, 151 T h e Depression, 84, 96-103 Desegregation, school, 133-34 Dingbats (apartment buildings), 124

Discrimination, 35, 103-4, 106-8, 113-16, 157; employment, 137— 38; housing, 82-83, 103, 107, 114-16, 122-23, 13 2 ~3 3 Dr. Merrill's drugstore, 29 "Double V " campaign, 114 Downtown Berkeley, 88, 1 6 9 72, 181-83, 185. See also specific buildings and streets Draper, Phil, 150 Duncan, Isadora, 80 Duncan, Robert, 145 Durant, Henry, 19, 19, 23-25, 27, 3*-3 2 Durkee food-processing facility, i56

Dwight Way Nursery, 45 Dwindle, John, 27 Earthquakes: (1868) 7, 30, 48; (1906)47-50,50 East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), 89, 90 East Bay Park Association, 89 East Bay Regional Park District (EBRPD), 8 9 - 9 0

INDEX /

215

East Bay Water Company, 88,

Fires: (1923) 85-87, 86, 88; (1991)

89 East Berkeley/West Berkeley issues, 30-32, 33, 34-37, 3 9 40,67 Eastshore Freeway, 122 Eastshore State Park, 131 Edible Schoolyard garden project,

§7 First Church of Christ Scientist,

162

Edy's Restaurant, 169 Electrical service, 4 3 - 4 4 Elmwood-Rockridge shopping district, 53, 162 Employment discrimination, 137-38 Environment, natural, 2-3, 7-8, 4 4 - 4 6 , 81-82. See also Trees Ethnic diversity, 163-66. See also Immigrants Eucalyptus grove (UC), 45, 187 Euclid Avenue shopping district, 53,86 Everding, John, 17 Executive Order 9066, 106 Faculty Club (UC), 78 Fages, Pedro, 4 Fair Bear standards, 100, 103 Fair Employment Practices Act, 130

Fair Housing Act of 1963, 130, !3 2 ~33 Fair Play Committee, 107 Fantasy Records, 159-60 Federal Writers' Project, 97 Ferrier, Francis, 49 Ferry service, 20, 32, 51, 94, 155 Finnish Hall, 21 Finnish immigrants, 21 Fire Department, 44, 73, 85, 87

78 First Congregational Church, 108 Firsts, in Berkeley: African American local office holders, 130; African American police officer, 73; African American residents, 22; Catholic church and school, 21; Catholic religious services, 21; coal-gas lines, 44; east-west street, 17; Europeanstyle dwelling, 7; manufacturing plant, 17; north-south street, 17; retail establishment, 17; school, 18; skyscraper, 88; telephone service, 44; volunteer fire department, 44 Firsts, in California: Socialist mayor, 70 Firsts, in United States: collegelevel criminology department, 74; college-trained policewoman, 73; lie detector, 73; regional park district, 8 9 - 9 0 : school desegregation by two-way busing, 134 Firsts, at University of California: African American graduate, 113; buildings, 28; dean of women, 68; teaching certificate program, 68; tenure-track woman faculty member, 6 8 - 6 9 ; woman doctoral degree, 68; woman graduate, 68 Fisher, Galen, 107 Fleming, John, 13 Fleming Point, 13 Foster, Marcus, 148 Founders' Rock (UC), 25 Fourth Street Grill, 162

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Fourth Street shopping district, 162

Free Clinic, 147 Free Speech Movement (FSM), 139-42,149 Free Store, 147 Freeways, 122 Freight and Salvage, 171 French Charley's restaurant, 29 French Hotel, 161 Gaia Building, 170 Garages, residential, 92 Garfield Junior High, 133 Gayley, Charles Mills, 91 German immigrants, 21 GI Bill benefits, 115, 121, 123 Gibson, D.G., 129-30 Gilman, Daniel Coit, 28, 54-56, 119

Ginsberg, Allen, 145 Golden Gate Ferry Company, 94 Gold Rush, 10, 20-21, 58, 105 Gordon, Walter, 73-74, 113 Gourmet Ghetto, 39, 161 Graduate Theological Union, 66 Grape boycotts, 143 Great Depression, 84, 96-103 Great Western Building, 170 Greek Theater, 60, 62, 141 Grizzly Peak Fire Lookout Station, 87 Grove Street, 51, 82, 83 Gulick, Esther, 131 Haas School of Business (UC), 166 Hancock, Loni, 152 Harmon, Edward, 41

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INDEX

Harmon Gymnasium (UC), 55, 91 Havens, Frank, 51, 52-53, 81. See also Smith-Havens syndicate Hawes drinking-fountain factory, i56

Hayward Fault, 30, 48, 91 Head, Anna, 37 Head-Royce School, 37 Hearst Avenue, naming, 59 Hearst, Patricia, 148 Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 58-59, 60, 62, 62-63, 68, 119 Heinz food-processing facility, i56 Heyday Books, 160 Heyman, Ira Michael, 166 Heywood, Z. B., 18 Heywood's lumber yard, 18 Hildebrand, Joel, 61-62, 126 Hilgard, Eugene, 56 Hillegass, William, n , 38 Hill, Lewis, 128, 72# Hillside Club, 78-79, 81, 87 Hink's Department Store, 169 Holliday, J. S., quoted, 10 Holy Hill, 66 Hoover, J. Edgar, 149 House Committee on UnAmerican Activities, 137, 138 Houses, early: Bowen, 17; Fleywood, 18; Peralta, 7, 30 Housing, 170; costs, 157; discrimination, 82-83, I O 3 > I O 7> 114-16, 122-23, 13 2—3 3; loan programs, 122; postwar, 122, 124; reintegration, 165; rent control, 112, 15254; restrictive covenants, 82-83, 107, 122; University of California, 153; World War II, 112, 11416,152

INDEX /

Howard, John Galen, 5 9 - 6 0 , 66, jo, 78, 81, 90, 92 Huichin, 2-4, 5 Immigrants, 20-23, 35, 163-64 Incorporation of city, 15, 32, 33 Integration, school, 133-34, : 5 7 International House (UC), 101, 103, 109, 113

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), 127, 155-56, 158 Internment, Japanese, 106-8, 114,144 Irish immigrants, 21 J.K. Stewart's Store, 180 Jacobs, James, 15-17, 18, 19 Jacob's Landing and Wharf, 16, 16-17, 3° Jacquemine, Theresa, 69 Japanese Americans: housing discrimination, 82-83, I O 7 ; photos, 194, 197; prejudice against, 8 2 83, 103-4, 106-8 Japanese internment, 106-8, 114, 144 Jazzschool, 171 Jefferson Elementary School, 133 Jewish Community Center, 76 Johnson, Wallace, 131, 132 Jones, Hardin, 149 Jones, William Carey, 72 Julia Morgan Center for the Performing Arts, 78 Junior Police, 73, ig6 Kahn, Alice, 160-61 Kaiser Richmond Shipyards, i n , 112

217

Kearney, Denis, 35 Kearney, John, 21 Keeler, Charles, 67, 76, 78, 79 Keeler House, 76, 78, 79 Keith, Mary McHenry, 69 Keith, William, 69, 81 Kellogg, Martin, 32, 34, 57, 57-58 Kellogg School, 36, 37 Kennedy, Patrick, 170 Kent, Jack, 130 Kerouac, Jack, 145 Kerr, Catherine, 131 Kerr, Clark, 138, 139, 141, 149-50 Kerr Directives, 138, 139, 142, 149 Key System, 50-54, 52, 93, 9 4 96, 96, 112 Kingman, Harry, 101, 107 King Middle School, 162 Knowland, Joseph, 71 Kn owl a n d, Wi 11 i a m, 129, 138 Koramatsu, Fred, 108 KPFA, 128, 154 Kroeber, Alfred, 61-62 Kroeber, Theodora, quoted, 3 Labor disputes, 102, 127, 129-30, J 55-56, 163 Landmark Preservation Ordinance, 152

Landscape. See Natural environment Lange, Dorothea, 100, 107 Latinos, 143-44, 163-64 Lawrence, Ernest O., 117 Lawson, Andrew, 78 Lawson House, 78 League of Women Voters, 69 LeConte Hall (UC), 118 LeConte, Joseph and John, 56, 81

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Leonard, James, 11,38 Le Roy Avenue, 79 Leuders House, 43 Levering Act, 127 Lick, James, 55 Lincoln School, 196 Liquor restrictions, 31, 36, 68 Livermore Lab, 118-19 Lorin neighborhood, 41 Los Alamos Lab, 118 Lossing, Elizabeth, 73 Lower Broadway Tunnel, 96 Loyalty oath controversy, 126-27 Lucky Supermarket, 138 Lyford, Joseph, 172 Macaulay Foundry, 158 Manasse-Block tannery, 156 Mandel, William, 137 Manhattan Project, 117-18, 119, I2

5 Margolin, Malcolm, quoted, 3, 47 Marina, 97, 131 Marin Circle, 66 Martin Luther King Middle School, 162 Mason, David, 81 Maxwell, Brian, 170 May, Samuel, 72 Maybeck, Annie, 78, 79 Maybeck, Bernard, 59, 76, 77, 78, 7 9 - 8 0 , 85-86 xVtaybeck, Wallen, 79 McAllister, Hall, 13 McCone,John, 149 McDuffie, Duncan, 66, 81-82 McGee, James, 21 McLaughlin, Sylvia, 131 McMillan, Edwin, 120 Measure G (1982), 153

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INDEX

Memorial Day peace march (1969), 147 Memorial Stadium (UC), 48, 60, 91-92 Merritt, Sam, 27-28 Mexican immigrants, 21, 163-64 Miles Laboratories, 158 Millikin, Rick, 162 Milvia Street, naming, 42 Missions and mission system, 4, 5-6, 8, 9 Moe's Bookstore, 168 Moore Drydock, i n , 112 Morgan, Julia, 59, 69, 78 Morrill Land Grant College Act of 1862, 26-27 Mortar Rock Park, 3 Muir, John, 81 National Car Lines, 95 National Youth Administration, 97 Native Americans, 1-4, 5, 144 Natural environment, 2-3, 7-8, 4 4 - 4 6 , 81-82. See also Trees Neighborhood Preservation Ordinance, 152, 153, 170 New Deal public-works projects, 96-98,98 Newport, Gus, 152 Newton, Huey P., 143, 143 Nichols, Roy, 130 Niehaus and Schuster Planing Mill, 20 Nisker, Scoop, 172-73 Nolo Press, 160 Norris, Frank, 34 North Berkeley neighborhood, 41, 78-79,183 Northbrae neighborhood, 52, 53, 54, 66, 82

INDEX /

North Campus neighborhood, and 1923 fire, 85-87 North Hall (UC), 28, 28,187 North Shattuck neighborhood, 39, 161

Novartis Corporation, 166 N u t Hill, 76, 7 9 - 8 1 Oakland, 23, 32, 34, 112-13 Oakland Army Base, 144 Oakland-San Francisco Bay Bridge, 94, 95, 9 6 Oakland Transit Consolidated, 51 Ocean View, 15-22, 30-32, 44, 82; East Berkeley issues, 30-32, 33, 34—37, 39-40, 67; population, 18, 20. See also West Berkeley Ocean View School, 18, 36 Ohlone peoples, 2. See also Huichin Old City Hall, 39, 40 Olmsted, Frederick Law, 25-26, 89 Operation Abolition (movie), 137 Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 100, 117, 118, 126 Organic Act of the University of California, 27 Pacifica Foundation, 154 Pacific Gas and Electric Company, 44 Pacific School of Religion, 66 Pacific Steel Casting Company, i58 Pardee, George, 89 Pardee Reservoir, 89 Park Hills, 87-88 Parkinson, Tom, 145 Partridge, Loren, quoted, 60 Peet's Coffee, 161 Peixotto, Jessica, 6 8 - 6 9

219

People's Park, 146-48, 147, 168, 201-4

People's Water Company, 88 Peralta, Antonio, 7 Peralta, Domingo, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16, 30, 42 Peralta, Gabriel, 6 Peralta, Ignacio, 7 Peralta, Luis, 6-7, 8, 10, 12 Peralta, Vicente, 7 Peralta family, 6-14 Peralta Hook and Ladder Company, 44 Peralta land issue, 10-14, 3° Peralta Park district, 42, 43, 44, 53 Peralta Park Hotel, 42-43, 43 "Phoebes" (scholarships), 59 Pier, 94 Pioneer Starch and Grist Mill, 17-18 Police Department, 73-74, 75 Police review board, 152 Political activism, 100-103, I T 3 _ 14, 136-42 Population, Bay Area: postwar, 121-22; wartime, 111-12 Population, Berkeley: (1878) 46; (1900) 46, 47, 112; (1910) 47; (1920)47, 84, 113; (1930) 84, 113; (1940) 106, 113, 123; (1940s) 112; (1950), 106; (1970) 123; (1990s) 164-65; (2000) 164; African American, 112, 113, 123; Asian, 164; postwar, 121-22 Population, Ocean View: (i860) 18; (1880) 20; (1900) 20 Portola, Caspar de, 4 Posen Chemical Number One (volunteer fire station), 44

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INDEX

Posen Street, naming, 42 Post office, 35-36, 40, 67 Power Bar company and sign, 170 Prejudice. See Discrimination; Racism Presidios, 6 Professionalization of government functions, 72-74 Proposition 209 (1996), 165-66 Public-works projects, 9 6 - 9 8 , 98 Publishers, local, 160

"Right to work" initiative (1958), 129 Ritter, Mary Bennet, 68 Roberts, Ed, 150 Robeson, Paul, 127 Rogers, Vivian Logan, 113 Roosevelt, Theodore, 62, 62 Rose Garden, 97, 98 Rose, G. Sydney, 85 Rosenfeld, Seth, 149 R O T C , 49, 136, 137 Royce, Josiah, 63 Rumford Fair Housing Act of

Quitzow, Sulgwynn and Charles, 80-81

1963, 130, 132-33 Rumford, William Byron, 130, 132

Racism, 35, 82-83, 114, 116. See also Discrimination Rammelsburg, A. A., 17, 19 Rancho de la Laguna de los Palos Colorados, 8 Rancho San Antonio, 6 - 9 , 10-14 Rancho San Leandro, 8 Rancho San Pablo, 8, 17 Rancho system, 6 - 9 Reagan, Ronald, 6 6 - 6 7 , T46> J 4 9 Realty Syndicate, 52 Rector, James, 146 Reform politics, 70-76 Regents. See Board of Regents Register, Richard, 170 Reich, Robert, 157 Religious institutions, 6^-66. See also specific institutions Rent control, 112, 152-54 Restrictive covenants, 82-83, 107,

Sacramento Northern Railroad,

122

Reynolds, Malvina, 124 Richmond Shipyards, 111, 112

94 St. John's Presbyterian Church, 78 St. Joseph's Catholic Church and School, 21 St. Mary's High School, 7, 43 San Andreas Fault, 48 San Francisco, 10, 48 San Francisco Bay, 130-31 San Francisco Presidio, 4 San Pablo Avenue, 17 San Pablo Park, 82 Santa Fe Railroad, 38 Santa Fe Railroad waterfront lands, 130-31 Sather, Jane, 61 Sather Gate (UC), 60, 109, 138, *39 Sather Tower (Campanile) (UC), 60, 61 Save San Francisco Bay Association, 131 Savio, Mario, 140, 141, 142

INDEX /

Savo Island housing project, 108 Scheer, Robert, 150-51 Scherr, Max, 146 Schiffenbauer, Marty, 152, 153 Schmidt, John, 17 School board, 34, 36, 37, 127, 130, !33-34>157 Schools: busing, 134; first, 18: segregation/integration, 133— 34, 157. See also specific schools Seaborg, Glenn, 120 Seale, Bobby, 143, 143 Shambhala Books, 160 Shattuck, Francis Kittredge, 11, 12, 14, 38, 4 0 - 4 1 Shattuck, Rosa M., 41 Shattuck Avenue, 38-40, 53, 96 Shattuck Square, 39 Shellmounds, 1, 3 Sheriffs, Alex, 139, 149 Shima, George, 82-83 Shipyard Line, 112 Shipyards, 110-11, 112, 114 Sibley, Robert, 89 Siegel, Dan, 146 Sierra Club, 81 Simmons, Orrin, 22-23, 2 4 _ 2 5 T h e Simple H o m e (Keeler), 79 T h e Sixties, 134, 135-54 Slate, 136-37, 138, 139 Slate Supplement to the General Catalog, 137 Smith, Andy, 91 Smith, Francis "Borax," 51, 5 2 53, 81. See also Smith-Havens syndicate Smith-FIavens syndicate, 51-53, 88 Snyder, Gary, 145

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Socialist Party, 70-71 Solano Avenue shopping district, 162 South Berkeley neighborhood, 41, 44, 107, 113, 114, 123, 191-97, 199-200 South Campus neighborhood, 123, 145-46 Southern Pacific Railroad, 20, 3 3 34, 37-4o, 41, 49, 51, 53-54, 67, 94 South Hall (UC), 28, 30, 187 Spanish colonialism, 4-7, 8, 9 Spenger, Johann, 163 Spenger's Fish Grotto and Restaurant, 1, 20, 162-63 Sprague, Lucy, 68 Spring, John, 52, 81 Sproul, Robert Gordon, 77, 9 9 100, 101, 107, 117, 126 Sproul Hall (UC), 124, 141 Sproul Plaza (UC), 124, 139-40, i67 Standard Soap Company, 20, 32, 4 8 , *55 Stanford, Leland, 39, 56-57 Stanford Avenue, naming, 38-39 State capital campaign, 6 6 - 6 7 Stiles Hall (UC), 101,113 Strawberry Canyon, 91-92 Strawberry Creek, 1, 4, 15, 24, 31 Streets, 19-20, 25, 32, 38-39, 78, 81, 93: first, 17; naming, 25, 41, 66; sign/arch (San Pablo and University), 95. See also specific streets Strellinger, Albina, 42 Strellinger, Maurice, 42-43, 44 Stripp, Fred, 132

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Strong, Edward, 139 Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 142 Sullivan, Neil, 134 Sunset magazine, quoted, 50 Sweeney, Wilmot, 130 Symbionese Liberation Army, 148 T-buildings (UC), 109-10 Tanforan Race Track, 106 Taylor, Paul, 100-101, 107 Telegraph Avenue, 124, 145-46, 167-68 Telegraph Avenue horsecar line, 29,29

Telegraph Summer Program, 147 Telephone service, 44 Teller, Edward, 118 Temple Beth El, 22 Temple of Wings, 7 9 - 8 1 , 80 Tenney, Jack, 125-26 Tenney Committee, 126 Ten Speed Press, 160 Third World Liberation Front, 144 Thomas, R.P., 20, 32, 155 Thousand Oaks neighborhood, 52,53,54 Tien, Chang-Lin, 164, 165, 166 Tiger volunteer fire department, 44 Tilden Park, 85, 90, 97 Titus, Louis, 66 Toland, Hugh, 55 Tolman, Edward, 126, 127 Tolman Hall, 127 Toward an Active Student Community (TASC), 136 Town hall, 37, 39 Town marshal, 73

INDEX

Trade unions, 102, 155-56, 163 Transportation, 29, 29, 31—32, 3 7 40,41, 50-54,52,92-96,96, 112, 122. See also Automobiles; Ferry services; Key System; etc. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 10-11

Trees, 22, 26, 45, 78-79, 97 Truitt and White Lumber Company, 1, 18 Uchida, Dwight, 83, 104, 108 Uchida, Yoshiko, 103-4, IQ6> 107-8 Unions and union activism, 102, 127, 129-30, 155-56, 158-59, 163 United Properties, 52 University Cadet Corps, 4 8 - 4 9 University of California, 74-76, 124; affirmative-action policies, 165-66, 167; African American students, 113; anticommunism crusade, 125-27; athletic programs, 61, 91-92, 100, n o , 191; "atomic age," 116-19, 120; Board of Regents, 55, 56, 61, 125, 126, 127, 138, 142; campus photos, 28, 60, 62, 109, 140, 187-89; the Depression, 9 9 101; early years, 27-30, 54-58; earthquakes, 4 8 - 4 9 , 50; enrollment, 58, 63, 68, 69, 90, n o , 113, 124; founding, 27, 54; Hearst-Wheeler era, 58-63, 68; housing, 153; loyalty oath controversy, 126-27; m aster plan, 59-60; Nobel Prize winners, 117, 125; origins, 22-27, 54; postwar, 123-25; privatizing,

INDEX

166-67; reputation, ^6, 63, 65, 125; student activism, 100-101, 113, 136-42; student photos, 190-91; Twenties, 90-92; undergraduate education, 124-25; women students, 6 8 - 6 9 , 190; World War II, 107-10. See also specific buildings, officers, organizations, etc. University of California Press, 160 University Students Cooperative Association, 101 University YMC A, 101 University YWCA, 113 Vietnam conflict, 144, 148 Vietnam Day Committee, 144 Vine Street, 39, 41 Vista Community College, 159, 170 Vollmer, August, 73-74, 75 Volunteer fire stations, 44, 73 Walker, Doris, 127 Walnut Creek, 122 Ward system, 35 Warren, Earl, 126-27 Waterfront, 15-17, 30, 38, 130-31 Water issues and service, 31, 4 1 42,45, 88-89 Waters, Alice, 161, 162 Watts Rebellion, 142-43 Webster, Noah, 41 Weinberg, Jack, 139-40, 140, 142 Wells Fargo Building, 88 West Berkeley, 19-22, 123, 15859, 162-64; the Depression, 102; industry, 88, 155-56; shellmounds, 1,3; volunteer fire

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223

department, 44; World War II, 110. See also Ocean View West Berkeley Plan, 156, 158 Westbrae neighborhood, 54 Western Development Company, 38 Wharf, 16, 16-17 Wheeler, Benjamin Ide, 60, 61-63, 62, 68, 72, 91, 119 Wheeler Hall (UC), 60 White, John, 87 Wildcat Canyon, 85,97 Wildcat Creek watershed, 88, 89-90 Wilkinson, Frank, 138 Willard Middle School, 36, 133 Willey, Samuel Hopkins, 23, 24, 2

5 , 2 6 , 45 Wilson, Frank, 81 Wilson, J. Stitt, 64, 71 Wilson, Lionel, 130 Wilson, Pete, 165 Wollenberg, Louis, 79 Women's Christian Temperance Union ( W C T U ) , 36, 68 Women's clubs, 6 9 - 7 0 Women's Congress, 69 Women's Faculty Club (UC), 70 Women's rights movement, 67-70 Women's suffrage, 68, 69 Woolsey, William, 41 Worcester, Joseph, 78 Workingman's Party, 34-35 Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects, 97, 98 World War I, 62 World War II, 9 4 - 9 5 , 105-19, 120-21; African American migration, 111-14; antiwar rallies, 100, 109; "atomic age,"

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World War II (continued) 116-19, I 2 ° ; discrimination, 103-4, 106-8, 114; economy, 110-12; housing, 112, 114-16, 152; internment, 106-8, 114, 144; University of California, 107-10; V-J Day, 120

IND£

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Young Americans for Freedom, Yuppie market, 160-62 Zaentz, Saul, 160 Zellerbach Hall (UC), 124 Zoning, 82, 162

DESIGNER J. G. Braun TEXT 10/15 Janson DISPLAY Interstate COMPOSITOR Integrated Composition Systems INDEX ER Sayre Van Young PRINTER AND BINDER Friesens Corporation

CHARLES WOLLENBERG. Chair of Social Sciences and Professor of History at Berkeley City College, is coeditor, with Marcia A. Eymann, of What's Going 0n'( California and the / 'ietnam Era (UC Press) and author of Marinship tit War: Shipbuilding mid Social Change in Wartime Sausalito and Golden Gate Metropolis: Perspectives on Bay Area History.

" \ sweeping panorama of Berkeley by one of California's finest historians. Charles Wollenbera knows this city <e no one else look has no cares about Berkeley—and there arc it with pleasure."