Automotive Control Systems: For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

Uwe Kiencke Lars Nielsen Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle

Uwe Kiencke Lars Nielsen

Automotive Control Systems For Engine, Driveline, and Vehicle Second edition With 345 figures and 13 tables

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Uwe Kiencke Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Department of Electrical Engineering 76187 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected] Prof. Dr. Lars Nielsen Division of Vehicular Systems Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922217 ISBN 3-540-23139-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable to prosecution under German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by the author. Final processing by PTP-Berlin Protago-TEX-Production GmbH, Germany Cover-Design: Medionet AG, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 62/3141/Yu – 5 4 3 2 1 0

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E[?> .TA?E;GE[TGB3GT!VV.E;.T!TV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M^/F XMYMH G+.BG3[=.Ga.T[T!?EG3!!VV.E;.T!T M M M M M M M M^FH XMYM^ GE[TGBB.T.V?;EM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M^F8 XMYM\ cV[.C.T3GTC!E'. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M^F/ " !+-0! 4 !00-2* BJ5 /MH E[TG+_'[?GEM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\eH /M^ G>GT+?E![.cV[.CV M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\e^ /M\ =..BG+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\e: /M\MH =..BTG_E+GE[!'[G?E[.BG'?[?.V M M M M M M M M M M M\e: /M\M^ =..BB?I!E+?T.?+.B?I
E;B. M M M M M M M M M M M M M\H\ /M\M\ T?'[?GEG>.5'?.E[!B'_B![?GEM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\HF /M\M: !B'_B![?GEG3T?'[?GEGT'.V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\^^ /M\M8 ?T.=!T!'[.T?V[?'V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\^: /M\MY .7E?[?GEG3[=.=..B!+?_V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\^X /M: =.GCIB.[..=?'B.G+.B M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\^X /M:MH =!VV?VT!EVB![GTcG[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\^/ /M:M^ =!VV?VG[![?GE!BG[?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\\^ /M:M\ _VI.EV?GE M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\\: /M:M: .+_'.+GEB?E.!TaG>[T!'AG+.BM M M M M M M M M M M M M\\X

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=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=?V ?+.!B 'c'B. ITG'.VV ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T![?G G3 C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K , [G [=. !$VGT$.+ [=.TC!B .E.T;c ? ) &1

K , ?  ? , H  H, H, 1 1 1H ? ? H H

J^M8\K

[ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c & GEBc +.I.E+V GE [=. T![?G G3 [=. !$VGB_[. [.CI.T![_T.V H [G H, M & ?V !Ba!cV VC!BB.T [=!E HM B.!V. EG[. [=![ ?E EGE>?+.!B 'c'B. ITG'.VV.V [=. .E[TGIc '=!E;. ?V !Ba!cV EGE>d.TG* ?M .M  * eM  G_V 'GC$_V[?GE !E+ .C?VV?GE G3 C.'=!E?'!B aGTAM =. !TEG[ 'c'B. ?V _V.+ !V T.3.T.E'. CG+.B 3GT [=.TCG+cE!C?' ITG'.VV.VM [ ?V ?BB_V[T![.+ ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!C G3 ?;_T. ^MF) H  ^ VG[=.TC!B .bI!EV?GE G3 [=. ;!V 3TGC  [G , a=?B. [=. [.CI.T![_T. T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[ H 1 H, M K , 1 ? , 1 3  H BE

, 

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K , ?V +.B?`.T.+ V?E'. [=. ;!V .bI!E+VM =.TC!B .E.T;c ? , G3 [=. V!C. !CG_E[ =!V [G $. $TG_;=[ ?E[G [=. VcV[.C ?E GT+.T [G A..I [=. [.CI.T![_T. 'GEV[!E[M ^  \ V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE G3 [=. ;!V 3TGC , [G + M G [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V .b'=!E;.+ ?, + 1 eM _[I_[ G3 A?E.[?' .E.T;c) K, + 1 3 A JH,  H+ K

H/

C:  
    

\  : VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE G3 [=. ;!V 3TGC + [G  a=?B. [=. [.CI.T![_T. T.C!?EV 'GEV[!E[ H+ 1 H M =. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K+  1 ?+  1 3  H+ BE

 +

?V E..+.+ a=?'= ?V E.;![?`. ?E [=?V '!V. $.'!_V. ?[ ?V +.B?`.T.+ ?E[G [=. ;!V J 2 + KM :  H V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE G3 [=. ;!V 3TGC  [G  M G [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V .b'=!E;.+ ?, + 1 eM =. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA ?V !BVG E.;![?`. ?E [=?V '!V. JH * H K) K  1 3 A JH  H K Ga* !BB A?E.[?' .E.T;?.V G3 [=. !TEG[ 'c'B. =!`. [G $. !++.+ [G +.T?`. [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c) K

1 1

K , N K, + N K+  N K  J^M8:K  , N 3 A JH,  H+ K N 3  H+ BE N 3 A JH  H KJ^M88K 3  H BE  +

=. aGTA K, + !E+ K  G3 [=. ?V.E[TGI?' V[![. '=!E;.V 'GCI.EV![. .!'= G[=.T $.'!_V. G3 H 1 H, !E+ H+ 1 H ) K 1 3 JH BE

 , N H+ BE K  +

G V?CIB?3c [=?V .O_![?GE* [=. '=!T!'[.T?V[?' .O_![?GEV G3 [=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV H  ^ !E+ \  : !T. _V.+) 9  * 1 9    * H, ,* 1 H+ +* # **  

1 !

3  H   * 1 75CF; H * 1 H *

J^M8YK J^M8XK

1

H H

J^M8/K

.'!_V. G3 H 1 H, !E+ H+ 1 H a. ;.[ # ** , 1  , 1   BE 1 +

#

+ 

** J^M8FK

+   BE

J^MYeK , 

J^MYHK

!E+ [=.T.3GT.)

,  =?V T.V_B[ ?V EGa _V.+ 3GT [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c) K 1 3 JH  H+ K BE

&

1

3 JH  H+ K BE  K 1 ? , 3  H BE  

J^MY^K

1

H+ H  H + 1H H H

J^MY\K

C:C: 
    

HF

=. .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G G3 H+ [G H M V?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % )  J^MY:K %1  [=. .5'?.E'c ?V JH+ 1 H K) &

1 1

H 1H H H H  * %

#

H

 

** J^MY8K J^MYYK

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c '!E $. .bIB!?E.+ ;T!I=?'!BBc ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!C ?E ?;> _T. ^MF) [ ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T![?G G3 [=. ?E[.;T!B a?[=?E [=. 'c'B. [G [=. !T.! a=?'= ?V ITG+_'.+ $c ?E[.;T![?E; ? , M =. .5'?.E'c ?V ?CITG`.+ $c ?E'T.!V?E; [=. !T.! a?[=?E [=. 'c'B.M =?V '!E GEBc $. !'=?.`.+ $c ! T?V. G3 [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % GT [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?GM G ;?`. !E .b!CIB.)
VV_C?E; !$VGB_[. [.CI.T![_T.V) H

1

^/ee  

J^MYXK

H+

1

\ee  

J^MY/K

[=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c aG_B+ $.) & 1 e;/F !E+ [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G) % 1 ^YY V_IIGV?E; ! / 1 H;:M _'= ! 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G '!E =!T+Bc $. ITG+_'.+ $c T.!B .E;?E.VM cI?'!B 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GV !T. ![ B.!V[ [.E [?C.V VC!BB.TM

B8B

 / 30C?;E?[.+ JK E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c !E .B.'[T?' VI!TA>?;E?[?GEM ^M ?.V.B E;?E.) GC$_V[?GE '!_V.+ $c V.B3 ?E9!CC![?GE +_. [G 'GCIT.V> V?GE!B =.![M E CGV[ V.'[?GEV* 9 T.IT.V.E[V [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T IT.VV_T.*  [=. 'cB?E+.T `GB_C.* H [=. ?E>'cB?E+.T [.CI.T![_T.*  [=. .E[TGIc* ? [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c G3 [=. ;!V* I ?[V ?E[.TE!B .E.T;c !E+ + ?[V .E[=!BIcM

^e

C:  
     H

9 \

?, +

\

?, + : ^

^

,C$5F@79,

,C$5F@79,

? 

:

H

H 

? 



   & 2#30E7 >6%(J? 9# 1 2#30E7 >E301J? ;( J1%  %9039% =E;%FF

B8B84

5;.+,)1,@  6 7 1),1

=. 7TV[  .E;?E. a!V IT.V.E[.+ $c ?AGB!_V [[G ?E H/Y^M =. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV '!E $. CG+.B.+ !V !E -=4+4+?!;T!C ?E ?;_T. ^MHe ?BB_V[T![.V [=![ [=. ;!V `GB_C. +G.V EG[ '=!E;. $.[a..E V[.I ^ !E+ V[.I \M =. T![?G G3 C!b?C_C [G C?E?C_C `GB_C. ?V ;?`.E $c) %1

 ,

J^MYFK

=?V T![?G % ?V '!BB.+ [=. 416
C:C: 
    

^H

^  \ ) VG'=GT?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c* " 1 e) "K

1

K, +

1

"?

1

?, +

1

9 " 1 e + 9 " 1 e ,

"I 1 3 A "H + 3 A "H 1 3 A JH+  H, K ,

=. ?E'T.!V.+ [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?, + ?V '!_V.+ $c 'GC$_V[?GE G3 [=. ;!VM \  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e) ?+  "K

1 1

K+ 

1

e "I 1 3 A "H   3 A "H 1 3 A JH  H+ K +

=?V V[![. '=!E;. +.V'T?$.V [=. IGa.T V[TGA. G3 [=. .E;?E. a=.T. K+  ?V [=. G_[I_[ G3 A?E.[?' .E.T;c 3TGC [=. ;!V* a=?'= ?V IGV?[?`. JH 2 H+ KM :  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV* " 1 e) "K

1

K 

1

"?

1

? 

1

9 " 1 e  9 " 1 e 

"I N "K 1 3 A "H  3 A "H 1 3 A JH  H K 

=. BGVV G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?  ?V +_. [G [=. ;!V .b'=!E;.) =. $_TE[ =G[ ;!V ?V I_CI.+ ?E[G [=. .b=!_V[ !E+ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T ?V 7BB.+ a?[= ! 'GB+ C?b[_T. G3 _E$_TE[ 3_.B `!IGT !E+ !?T J?  ?V E.;![?`. $.'!_V. G3 H 2 H KM =. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .E;?E. ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T![?G G3 !BB [=. A?E.[?' .E.T;?.V [G [=. ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?, + ![ [=. 'GC$_V[?GE G3 ! 'GCIB.[.

^^

C:  
    

'c'B.) &=&

1 1 1 1

K , N K, + N K+  N K  ?, + 3 A JH, N H  H N H+ K 3 A JH+  H, K H  H H H+  H, H H EH  H H H, H+ EH,  H

=. T.B![?GEV=?I 3GT ?V.E[TGI?' '=!E;.V H  ^ !E+ \  : '!E $. _V.+ [G V?CIB?3c [=. .O_![?GE) # ** H + H H 1 J^MXeK 1 * 1 H+  % H, =?V c?.B+V) &=& 1 H 

H

J^MXHK

%*

B.!V. EG[. [=![ [=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c &=& +G.V EG[ +.I.E+ GE [=. !$VGB_[. [.CI.T![_T. `!B_.VM [ C!?EBc +.I.E+V GE [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G %M b!CIB.) GT ! 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G G3 % 1 HH !E+ !E !+?!$![?' 'G.5'?.E[ G3 / 1 H;: [=. [=.GT.[?'!B [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c &=& ?V) &=& 1 e;YHX

B8B8B

, < / 1),1

_+GB3 ?.V.B +.`.BGI.+ [=?V .E;?E. 3TGC H/F\ [G H/FXM E ! +?.V.B .E;?E.* [=. 'GC$_V[?GE [!A.V IB!'. ?E !E -=4 C.E[ G3 [=. I?V[GEM
[ [=. $.;?EE?E; G3 [=?V ITG'.VV [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ?V 'GE[TGBB.+ $c [=. ?E@.'[?GE G3 3_.B [G C!?E[!?E ! 'GEV[!E[ IT.VV_T. ![ [=. .bI!EV?GE 3TGC ^ [G \M =. ?VG$!T?' V[![. '=!E;. ?V ?E+?'![.+ $.[a..E V[.IV ^ !E+ \ ?E [=. 9 >+?!;T!C ?E ?;_T. ^MHHM =. CGT. 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+* [=. BGE;.T [=. +?V[!E'. $.[a..E V[.IV ^ !E+ \ !E+ [=. B!T;.T [=. `GB_C. T![?G) A1

H+ + 1 , H,

;

J^MX^K

=?V T![?G ?V '!BB.+ -2.!A-42
"K K+ +

1 9 " 1 3  "H 1 3 JH+  H+ K

"?

^Y

C:  
    

\  : ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE* "? 1 e) ? +  "K K + 

1 1 1

e "I 1 3 A "H 3 A JH  H+ K

:  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ BGVV* " 1 e) "K

1

9 " 1 e

K  "?

1 1

e "I N "K 1 3 A "H

? 

1

3 A JH  H K

=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .B?;.T ITG'.VV ?V [=.E) &=&

1 1

K  , N K , + N K + +  N K +  N K   ?, + H EH  H H H+ EH  H, EH N /JH+ EH  H+ EH K

=. ?V.E[TGI?' ITG'.VV ?V '=!T!'[.T?d.+ $c) H, 1 %* H a=?'= c?.B+V) #

H H +

1 # 1 1

 + 

**

 +  + +  A '* %

#

** 1

 +  , + 

**

E [=. ?VG'=GT?' ITG'.VV* [=. T.B![?GEV=?I H+ 9+ 1 1 H, 9, '!E $. _V.+* !E+ [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G ?E [=. ?VG$!T?' ITG'.VV ?V ;?`.E $c) H +  + 1 1A H+ +

;

=.T.3GT.* [=. 3GBBGa?E; [.CI.T![_T. T![?GV C!c $. .bIT.VV.+ !V) H+ H H + H H H

1 1 1

H+ H, 1 %* H, H H + H + 1 A %* H+ H H  H + A '* 1 A H + H  %

%* 1

A*

C:C: 
    

^X

&=& A1H A1^ A1\

:

/

H^



1 H! ^e

J/ 1 H;:! % 1 ^\! A 1 37"I0F$"K

eM^

A

",$C$0



eM:

J/ 1 H;:! % 1 HH! A 1 HK

eMY

^:

%

   1%E7;#Q973 %*3%9Q " #%=%9#390 ;9 ;7=E%FF3;9 EJ3;  9# 6;# + >CMJ3;9 LAG-?

=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. .B?;.T ITG'.VV '!E $. V?CIB?7.+ [G) &=& 1 H 

H %*

A*  H  H N / JA  HK

J^MX8K

[ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=.  .E;?E. ?V G$[!?E.+ a=.E A 1 H !E+ [=![ G3 [=. ?.V.B .E;?E. a=.E 1 H J?;_T. ^MH\KM

B8B8(

305;,;#M6J3;9 ;( & ?" < * ' <S  


[cI?'!B `!B_. ?E '!T .E;?E.V ?V C- 1 H8 3EC ![ C!b?C_C IGa.T G_[I_[M O_!> [?GE ^MXY '!E EGa $. aT?[[.E !V) # C1 K# ! /@

J^MX/K

B.!V. EG[. [=![ [=. VI.'?7' IGa.T # E! ?V ?E`.TV.Bc ITGIGT[?GE!B [G [=. C!b?> C_C I?V[GE V[TGA. ^ @ J@ ?V [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ T!+?_VKM !$B. ^MH ;?`.V VGC. .b!CIB.V G3 .E;?E. [cI.V !E+ [=.?T '=!T!'[.T?V[?' `!B_.VM [ '!E $. V..E [=![ [=. VI.'?7' IGa.T +.'T.!V.V a?[= ?E'T.!V?E; +?C.EV?GEV @ ![ B!T;. .E;?E.VM =.c !T. C!?EBc _V.+ ?E V=?IV $.'!_V. G3 [=.?T [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'cM =.E V?d. !E+ a.?;=[ !T. C!@GT 'GE'.TEV ![ =?;= IGa.T B.`.BV* ;!V [_T$?E.V !T. IT.3.TT.+ .M;M ?E !?T> 'T!3[M

B8A B8A84


/@ ;1@,D 30C;#M6J3;9 ;( +?" < * ' <S  

?V ?E@.'[.+ !E+ $_TE.+M =. T.V_B[?E; .bI!EV?GE G3 [=. ;!V ?V _V.+ [G [_TE [=. [_T$?E. V=!3[M =.T.3GT.* [=. .4.'[?`. IGa.T ?V [=. IGa.T G3 [=. [_T$?E. C?E_V [=. IGa.T _V.+ 3GT [=. 'GCIT.VVGTM =. ITG'.VV '!E $. CG+.B.+ !V !  VGE!$Bc =?;= .5'?.E'c B.`.BV '!E GEBc $. T.!'=.+* ?3 [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c G3 [=. G_[;G?E; !?T ?  ?V _V.+ [G =.![ _I [=. ?E'GC?E; !?T ?E 3TGE[ G3 [=. 'GCIT.VVGT ?, , M ?;_T. ^MH/ V=GaV [=. H>+?!;T!C V_IIGV?E; ! 'GCIB.[. T.'?T'_B![?GE G3 [=.TC!B =.![M
VV_C?E; H, 1 H !E+ H, 1 H * [=. E.'.VV!Tc ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c 3GT .!'= 'c'B. '!E $. T.+_'.+ [G) ?, + 1 3 2 JH+  H, K 1 3 2 JH+  H K

J^M/eK

!E+ [=. =.![ BGVV ?V !BVG T.+_'.+ [G) ?  1 3 2 JH  H K 1 3 2 JH  H, K

J^M/HK

O_![?GE ^MXF '!E $. CG+?7.+) &=&

1 1

? , + N ?    ? , + H, H  H EH, H H+ H  H EH+

?E!BBc* $c _V?E; [=. V!C. T.B![?GEV=?IV !V $.3GT.* [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 [=. ;!V [_T$?E. a?[= 'GCIB.[. =.![ T.'?T'_B![?GE ?V) &=& 1 H 

H A

J^M/^K

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. BG!+ A 1 H+ EH, M =. =?;=.T [=. BG!+ [=. $.[[.T [=. .5'?.E'cM =. C!b?C_C [.CI.T![_T. H+ ?V C!?EBc B?C?[.+ $c [=. C![.T?!B 3TGC a=?'= [=. ;!V [_T$?E. ?V 'GEV[T_'[.+M O_![?GE ^M/^ ?V EG[ `!B?+ 3GT .b[T.C.Bc VC!BB BG!+V !V [=. =.![ T.'?T'_B![?GE +G.V EG[ aGTA ITGI.TBc _E+.T [=.V. 'GE+?[?GEVM =. C!?E !+`!E[!;.V G3 ;!V [_T$?E.V !T. [=. 3GBBGa?E;)

C:B:

      

\\

H

F+$@30 +$F @$,@I0F,75 H  * H,

\

? , +

^

^

H

:

:

?   

   12#30E7 ;( J1% ;M6% =E;%FF O3J1 1%J E%3EM6J3;9

 !V [_T$?E.V !T. C_'= VC!BB.T !E+ B?;=[.T 'GCI!T.+ [G 3G_T>V[TGA. I?V[GE .E;?E.V) =. a.?;=[ I.T IGa.T G_[I_[ ?E ;!V [_T$?E.V ?V e;\  e;8 .(E. !E+ 3GT 3G_T>V[TGA. I?V[GE .E;?E.V ?[ ?V H;e  H;8 .(E. M  ?;= [GTO_. '!E $. ;.E.T![.+ .`.E ![ `.Tc BGa T.`GB_[?GEVM  ?4.T.E[ [cI.V G3 3_.B '!E $. _V.+ 3GT 'GC$_V[?GE) C_B[?>3_.B '!I!$?B?[cM  !V [_T$?E.V !T. .!Vc [G V[!T[ .`.E ![ BGa [.CI.T![_T.VM  Ga `?$T![?GEV $.'!_V. G3 ! 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GE !E+ [=. TG[!Tc CG[?GEM  GE; V.T`?'. ?E[.T`!BV $.[a..E T.O_?T.+ C!?E[.E!E'.M  .+_'.+ .C?VV?GEV G3 EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ ;!V.VM  [.V[ T.V_B[V)  1 ^e (*  1 e;/ (*  C 1 ^  \ ( I.T [.V[M

Ga.`.T* [=.T. !T. VGC. +?V!+`!E[!;.V)  Ga .5'?.E'c 3GT BGa BG!+VM  GGT +cE!C?' $.=!`?GT +_T?E; [T!EV?.E[VM !V [_T$?E.V !T. C!?EBc _V.+ ?E !?T IB!E.V $.'!_V. G3 [=.?T BGa a.?;=[M =.?T .5> '?.E'c '!E $. ?E'T.!V.+ $c T!?V?E; [=. C!b?C_C !BBGa!$B. [.CI.T![_T.M .T!C?'V B?A.
0, + GT B!C?E![.+ V?B?'GE>'!T$GE C![.T?!BV !T. _V.+ 3GT [=. 'GEV[T_'[?GE [G

\:

C:  
    

+7F +3$@! H

9,CF75

70" +3$@! H

9 !  

+$F$@

9 !  

@$($5$@F7@

9,CF75

770$@

   %1936 E%=E%F%9JJ3;9 ;( J1% J3E6390 %9039%

!BBGa =?;=.T [.CI.T![_T.VM
E .b!CIB. G3 [.CI.T![_T. `!B_.V 3GT [aG +?4.T.E[ [_T$?E.V [cI.V ?V ;?`.E ?E !$B. ^M^M    %7=%EJME% N6M%F 39

J #3)%E%9J 6;J3;9F ;(  7%J6 9#  %E73 0F JME39%

G'![?GE G3 C.!V_T.C.E[

.[!B ;!V [_T$?E.

.T!C?' ;!V [_T$?E.

GCIT.VVGT ?EB.[

^\e

^8e

.![ .b'=!E;.T G_[B.[ J!?TK

Xee

F8e

GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.T G_[B.[

Heee>HHee

H^8e>H\8e

.![ .b'=!E;.T ?EB.[ J;!VK

X8e

Heee

.![ .b'=!E;.T G_[B.[ J;!VK

^Xe

\ee

B8A8B

@,;/,1) 1),1

=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. ?V ! I?V[GE .E;?E. a=?'= _V.V ! 'GE[?E_G_V =.![ V_IIBcM [ a!V ?E`.E[.+ $c G$.T[ [?TB?E; ?E H/HYM =. 'c'B. ITG'.VV =!V ! =?;= .5'?.E'c* 'GCI!T!$B. [G [=![ G3 [=. T.3.T.E'. !TEG[ 'c'B.M `.E [=G_;= [=. .E;?E. a!V T.+.V?;E.+ $c =?B?IV GTIGT![?GE J?E HF\/K !E+ T.'.E[Bc $c G[=.T 'GCI!E?.V* VGC. C.'=!E?'!B ITG$B.CV T.C!?E _EVGB`.+M ?;_T. ^MHF V=GaV [=. C.'=!E?'!B T.IT.V.E[![?GE G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E.M [ 'GEV?V[V G3 [=T.. C!?E I!T[V)

 

=.![.T T.;.E.T![GT 'GGB.T

[=. ;!V ?V =.![.+ 3TGC G_[V?+. [=. T.;.E.T![GT V[GT.V [=.TC!B .E.T;c [=. ;!V ?V 'GGB.+ 3TGC G_[V?+.

=. =.![.T* T.;.E.T![GT !E+ 'GGB.T !T. BG'![.+ ?E [=. C?++B.M =. I?V[GEV GE [=. B.3[ !E+ T?;=[ V?+. !T. B?EA.+ C.'=!E?'!BBcM =. 'c'B. 'GEV?V[V G3 [=. 3GBBGa?E; 3G_T V[.IV [=![ '!E $. V..E ?E ?;_T. ^M^e)

C:B:

      

\8

9

\

07C$" N0$ 7' K7@.,5( 3$",I3 JN @$($5$@F7@K ?+  JN +$F$@K

?, + : ^

?  H

? , JF7 770$@K



   =2#30E7 ;( J1% J3E6390 Q6%

H  ^ ) VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE) H 1 H, =. =.![ ?V !$VGT$.+ $c [=. 'GGB.T a=.E [=. [aG I?V[GEV CG`. [G [=. B.3[ [G 'GCIT.VV [=. ;!VM K ,

1

3  H BE

? ,

1

K ,

, 

=. .C?VV?GE G3 =.![ ? , ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. ?EI_[ G3 A?E.[?' .E.T;c K , M ^  \ ) VG'=GT?' ?EI_[ G3 [=.TC!B .E.T;c) , 1 + =. [aG I?V[GEV CG`. V?C_B[!E.G_VBc [G [=. B.3[ !E+ [=. ;!V ?V =.![.+ $c [=. T.;.E.T![GTM G[=* IT.VV_T. !E+ [.CI.T![_T. !T. ?E'T.!V.+M ?, + 1 3 A JH+  H, K \  : ) VG[=.TC!B .bI!EV?GE) H+ 1 H =. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V V_IIB?.+ $c [=. =.![.T* a=.E [=. I?V[GEV CG`. $!'A [G [=. T?;=[M K+ 

1

3  H+ 05

?+ 

1

K+ 

 +

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K+  ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?+  M

\Y

C:  
    

H

 ^

?

\



?

:



?



   1% (;ME FJ%=F ;( J1% J3E6390 Q6%

:  H ) VG'=GT?' =.![ T.;.E.T![?GE)  1 
V [=. I?V[GEV CG`. V?C_B[!E.G_VBc [G [=. T?;=[* [=.TC!B .E.T;c ?V V[GT.+ ?E [=. T.;.E.T![GTM =. IT.VV_T. !V a.BB !V [=. [.CI.T![_T. +TGI [G BGa.T B.`.BVM ?  1 3 A JH  H K c .bIBG?[?E; [=. 3!'[ [=![ H 1 H, !E+ H+ 1 H 3GT [=. ?VG[=.TC?' ITG'.VV.V* !E+  1  !E+ , 1 + 3GT [=. ?VG'=GT?' ITG'.VV.V* [=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. ?V) ? , N ?+  H &=& 1 1H J^M/\K ?+  H+

.E'.* [=. .5'?.E'c +.I.E+V GEBc GE [=. [.CI.T![_T. T![?G H EH+ M GT .b!CIB.* ! [.CI.T![_T. T![?G G3 /e  EYee   T.V_B[V ?E ! [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3) &=& 1 e;/X

J^M/:K

a=?'= ?V `.Tc 'BGV. [G [=. .5'?.E'c G3 [=. !TEG[ 'c'B.M =. C!?E !+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. [?TB?E; .E;?E. !T.)  E;?E. ?V ?E+.I.E+.E[ G3 [=. =.![ VG_T'.M EV[.!+ G3 'GC$_V[?E; 3GVV?B 3_.BV* !B[.TE![. =.![ VG_T'.V V_'= !V VGB!T =.![ 'G_B+ $. .CIBGc.+M  ?;= J[=.GT.[?'!BK .5'?.E'cM  .Tc O_?.[M  .+_'.+ .C?VV?GE G3 EGb?G_V .b=!_V[ ;!V.VM  [.V[ T.V_B[V)  1 :  Y (*  1 e;8  ^ (*  C 1 e;Y  ^;e ( I.T [.V[M E [=. G[=.T =!E+* [=.T. !T. VGC. +?V!+`!E[!;.V)  bI.EV?`. [G 'GEV[T_'[M  .;.E.T![GT) 'GE+_'[?GE !E+ V[GT!;. G3 =.![ !T. +?5'_B[ [G 'GC$?E.M

C:B:

       H

^



 



\

\X

:

 

 

   J%7 %9039%

 .![ T.V?V[!E[ C![.T?!BV E..+.+M 
=.![ .b'=!E;.T 3GT [=. 'GGB.T ?V E..+.+ [G ?E'T.!V. [=. .5'?.E'cM [ ?E'T.!V.V =Ga.`.T `GB_C. !E+ 'GV[VM bI.T?C.E[!B [?TB?E; .E;?E.V a?[= [.CI.T![_T.V G3 :e  /e  EYee  Y8e   '!E T.!'= !E .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c G3 &#$ $ 1 e;\8  e;:e

J^M/8K

a=?'= ?V C_'= BGa.T [=!E [=. [=.GT.[?'!B `!B_. JO_![?GE ^M/:KM

B8A8A

@ 0 1),1

=. V[.!C .E;?E. ?E[TG+_'.+ $c !C.V ![[ ?V [=. GB+.V[ .E;?E. _V?E; 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GEM =. V[.!C ?V [T!EV3.TT.+ 3TGC [=. $G?B.T [G [=. 'cB?E+.TM =. I?V[GE ?V CG`.+ $c [=. .bI!E+?E; V[.!CM =. B?E.!T CG`.C.E[ G3 [=. I?V[GE ?V [T!EVB![.+ ?E[G ! TG[![?GE G3 [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ $c [=. 'GEE.'[?E; TG+M =. +?4.T.E[ V[.IV !T. ?BB_V[T![.+ ?E ?;_T. ^M^^ !E+ ?;_T. ^M^\M =. +?4.T.E[ V[.IV G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E. 'c'B. !T.) H  ^ ) VG'=GT?' 'GCIT.VV?GE* 3GBBGa.+ $c !E ?VG[=.TC!B .bI!EV?GE) =?V ITG'.VV '!E $. +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG I!T[V) ?TV[* =G[ V[.!C ?V ?E@.'[.+ ?E[G [=. 'cB?E+.T [=TG_;= [=. GI.E `!B`. ![ 'GEV[!E[ `GB_C. JH  H K a=.T.  1  M .'GE+* [=. ;!V .bI!E+V ![ ! 'GEV[!E[ [.CI.T![_T. JH  ^K a=.T. H 1 H, ) K   ?  

1 1

K  ,

1

?  ,

1

e 3 A JH  H K 1 3 A JH,  H K , , 1 3  H, BE 3  H BE    K  ,

\/

C:  
     9 ? , H ^ H \ :

\  + ?+ 





   =2#30E7 ;( J1% FJ%7 %9039%

^  \ ) V.E[TGI?' .bI!EV?GE)
3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V 'BGV.+* [=. .bI!EV?GE ?V 'GE[?E_.+ _E[?B [=. C!b?C_C `GB_C. ?V T.!'=.+M ?, + K, +

1 1

e 3 A JH,  H+ K

\  : ) VG'=GT?' =.![ T.;.E.T![?GE !E+ ?VG[=.TC!B 'GCIT.VV?GE) =?V ITG'.VV '!E $. +?`?+.+ ?E[G [aG V[.IV) =. IT.VV_T. +TGIV ![ 'GEV[!E[ `GB_C. !3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V GI.E.+ ![ \  \ a=.T. + 1 + M .'GE+* [=. V[.!C ?V 'GCIT.VV.+ ?VG[=.TC!BBc ![ \  : a=.T. H+ 1 H M K+ + ?+ + 

1 1

K + 

1

? + 

1

e 3 A JH+  H+ K 1 3 A JH  H+ K   1 3  H BE 3  H+ BE  + + K + 

:  H ) V.E[TGI?' 'GCIT.VV?GE)
3[.T [=. `!B`. ?V 'BGV.+* [=. ;!V ?V 'GCIT.VV.+ C.'=!E?'!BBc) ?  K 

1 1

e 3 A JH  H K

=. C.'=!E?'!B aGTA K  ?V E.;![?`.M

C:B:

      

\F

=. [=.TC!B .5'?.E'c G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E. ?V .bIT.VV.+ $c) &=&

1 1

K  , N K , + N K +  N K   ?    N ?  , H+  H N J/  HKH BEJ+ E K H H,  H N J/  HKH, BEJ, E K

c ?EV.T[?E; [=. 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G % 1 + E * [=. I!T[?!B 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?G A 1 , E 1 + E !E+ [=. IT.VV_T. T![?G 1 9 E9 * [=?V B.!+V [G) &=&

1

H

A* J/  HKJH N BE AK %* J  HK N J/  HK BE A H


E .b!CIB. ?V ;?`.E 3GT A 1 ^ !E+ &=&

J^M/YK

1 He) 1

H

H;eY8 %*

J^M/XK

a=?'= ?V &=& 1 e;\H 3GT ! / 1 H;: !E+ % 1 \M
+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E.)  E;?E. ?V ?E+.I.E+.E[ G3 [=. =.![ VG_T'.) C_B[?>3_.B '!I!$?B?[cM  Gb?G_V .b=!_V[ .C?VV?GEV !T. BGa $.'!_V. G3 'GE[?E_G_V 'GC$_V[?GEM  ?;= [GTO_. ![ BGa T.`GB_[?GEVM ?V!+`!E[!;.V G3 [=. V[.!C .E;?E.)  .!`c a.?;=[M  GGT [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'cM  =. a![.T ?E [=. $G?B.T E..+V [G $. =.![.+ $.3GT. [=. .E;?E. '!E $. V[!T[.+M

B8A8(

3@ 1@,/ 3" ,# ; 1@ C /< 1 ;35C/ [_T. G3 ^e  GT ![ T.B![?`.Bc =?;= IT.VV_T. ![ TGGC [.CI.T![_T.M `.T BGE; [?C.

:e

C:  
    

   Q=36 FJ;E0% N;6M7%F 9# O%301JF ;( #3)%E%9J %9%E0Q F;ME%F O3J1 9 %9%E0Q ;( <SSS  A

4D [?`.V a?[= T.VI.'[ [G [?C. !V 3GBBGaV) C-

1

C, 1 1

"C " "C "C   -  1 1 "F " "F " * # * # "C " " ",  " ", C " "C "C N 1    1 "F, "F " "F "F " "F " "F, , "C " C ,  -  N  ,  J\MYK , " "

=. ?E+?'![.+ VI.'?7' aGTA '!E $. aT?[[.E !V K'

1 1

H ! H !

  5 

J9( J K  91 K
2

(

0- J K"

"C( J K " "

;

J\MXK

=. 'GC$_V[?GE [GTO_. ![ [=. 'T!EAV=!3[ ?V [=_V +.7E.+ !V 0- J K 1

 5 (

J9( J K  91 K
2

"C( "

;

=. I?V[GE V[TGA.V ?E +?4.T.E[ 'cB?E+.TV !T. V=?3[.+ $c I=!V.M # * := C( J K 1 C   J-  HK  ! - 1 H! ;;;!  

J\M/K

J\MFK

:Y

B:  

    3$  $ 73ICF,75 +$F ?&+ =& F+$7@$F,0 +$F 07CC K=& F+$7@$F,0 K7@. +$F 07CC IC$" N ,57390$F$ 73ICF,75 +,(+ 9@$CCI@$ K7@. ?&+ 9

K' &2

K' +2 07K 9@$CCI@$ K7@. K' ,5",F$" K7@. K$ 9 ' @,F,750 K7@. K# $' ' $F,J$ K7@.    1% %)%J3N% O;E5 #%63N%E%# Q J1% %9039% 3F 7M1 6;O%E J19 J1% J1%E76 %9%E0Q MF%# Q ;7MFJ3;9A

=. !`.T!;. 'GC$_V[?GE [GTO_. ?V D0-

1 1

 H 0- J K" := ' ! - 

J\MHeK

a=.T. ' ?V [=. C.!E ?E+?'![.+ IGa.TM =. [G[!B ?E+?'![.+ aGTA K' ! '!E EGa $. aT?[[.E ![ V[![?GE!Tc .E;?E. GI.T![?GE !V ' :=' ^' 1 K' ! 1 := D0- 1 := 1 -  ^=5 5

!

!E+ [=. EGTC!B?d.+ aGTA

^' ! J\MHHK ! 5 a=.T. 5 1 -  EJ^=K ?V [=. .E;?E. VI..+M E T.!B?[c* [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# I.T `GB_C. ?V C_'= BGa.T [=!E [=. ?E+?'![.+ aGTA K' JV.. ?;_T. \M\KM =. .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?V ![ 'GEV[!E[ 3_.B 9Ga K' 1

&# 1

K# K#  ! 5 ^ ! # 1 1   3 - $ $ ^3$ 5 $  3$ $ 

;

J\MH^K

a=.T.) # K# 3$ 3 -$ $ !

?V [=. .4.'[?`. IGa.T ?E  ?V [=. .4.'[?`. VI.'?7' aGTA I.T 'c'B. ?E E3+ ?V [=. C!VV G3 3_.B C.!V_T.+ I.T 'cB?E+.T ?E .( ?V [=. 3_.B 9Ga ?E .(EC ?V [=. VI.'?7' .E.T;c G3 [=. 3_.B T.B.!V.+ ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE E.( ?V [=. [G[!B +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ?E "3+ J! Z +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. I.T 'cB?E+.TK

B:5: 
    
 

:X

=. ?E+?'![.+ [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c J3T?'[?GE EG[ 'GEV?+.T.+K ?V) &' 1

K' !  ^3$ $ 

J\MH\K

GC. .b!CIB.V G3 [cI?'!B `!B_.V 3GT [=. ?E+?'![.+ .5'?.E'c !T. ;?`.E ?E !$B. \MHM    9#3J%# F=%3, O;E5 4 " J1%;E%J36 1%J 6;FF )" " 9# E%63FJ3 1%J 6;FF ) (;E #3)%E%9J %9039% JQ=%F" E%6J%# J; (M%6 ;7MFJ3;9 1%JA

A848B

E;?E. cI.



?.V.B

?; ?.V.B

K'

\\>\8 L

:e>:\ L

:8>:/ L

?&+ =&

^\>^/ L

^^>^8 L

H^>H: L

?&+ 9

\X>:: L

\8>:e L

^Y>\\ L


,;+C / @,3

=. T![?G G3 !?T [G 3_.B ?V `.Tc ?CIGT[!E[ 3GT [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV G3 ?E[.T> E!B 'GC$_V[?GE .E;?E.VM =.T. !T. V.`.T!B .4.'[V [=![ =!`. !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. !CG_E[ G3 !?T 3 [T!EV3.TT.+ [G [=. 'cB?E+.T) =TG[[B?E; G3 [=. !?T 9Ga $c [=. [=TG[[B. $_[[.T9c* !.TG+cE!C?' T.V?V[!E'. !E+ T.VGE!E'.V ?E [=. ?E[!A. C!E?3GB+* T.$G_E+?E; G3 !BT.!+c $_TE.+ ;!V.V 3TGC [=. 'cB?E+.T ?E[G [=. ?EB.[ I?I.V !E+ G[=.T .4.'[VM =. !CG_E[ G3 !?T a=?'= aG_B+ [=.GT.[?'!BBc 7[ ?E[G ! +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ! _E+.T [=. EGTC!B?d.+ IT.VV_T. 91 1 H;eH\ @ !E+ [=. EGTC!B?d.+ !?T +.EV?[c A1 1 H;^F .(E3+ ?V .bIT.VV.+ $c 3 =& 1 A1 ! M =. T![?G G3 T.!B [G [=.GT.[?'!B `!B_. ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc) 1 1

3 3 =&

J\MH:K

?C?B!TBc* [=. T![?G G3 C.!V_T.+ 3_.B C!VV 3$ [G [=.GT.[?'!B 3_.B C!VV 3$ =& ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. T.B![?`. 3_.B V_IIBc) 1$ 1

3$ 3$ =&

J\MH8K

=. [=.GT.[?'!B 3_.B C!VV 3$ =& ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G [=. C!VV G3 3_.B E..+.+ 3GT !E ?+.!B V[G?'=?GC.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE a?[= [=. Gbc;.EM E+.T EGTC!B 'GE+?[?GEV [=. V[G?'=?GC.[T?' T![?G 3GT ;!VGB?E. ?V) ;= 1

3 =& 1 H:;YY 3$ =&

J\MHYK

=. !?T>3_.B T![?G B!C$+! ?V +.7E.+ !V) 11

1 1$

J\MHXK

:/

B:  

   

[ '!E $. .b[.E+.+) 11

H 3 3 3$ =& 1  3$ 3 =& ;= 3$

J\MH/K

GT !E ?+.!B V[G?'=?GC.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE* [=?V T![?G ?V .O_?`!B.E[ [G GE.) 1 1 HM =. !?T>3_.B T![?G =!V !E ?CI!'[ GE [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# !E+ [=. .4.'[?`. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# M =. !?T>3_.B T![?G '!E $. ?E9_.E'.+ ?E [aG +?4.T.E[ a!cV* $c `!T?![?GE G3 1 GT G3 1$ ) HM  3_.B T![?GM =. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. +T?`.TM !2 46! C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE JT.+_'.+ 1$ KM _. [G ! T.+_'.+ =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K' &2 +.'T.!V.VM E [=. T!E;. G3 H 2 1 2 H;H* [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?E'T.!V.V =Ga.`.T* '!_V.+ $c =?;=.T 'GC$_V[?GE I.!A [.CI.T![_T.VM =?V T.V_B[V ?E =?;= .C?VV?GEV G3 E?> [TG;.E Gb?+.V  C M 3 1 ?V 3_T[=.T ?E'T.!V.+* &# a?BB +.'T.!V. $.'!_V. G3 !E .`.E BGa.T =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 ![ ! ;?`.E BGa IT.VV_T. aGTA K' +2 M -+ 46! C.[T?' 'GC$_V[?GE J=?;=.T 1$ KM =. 3_.B V_TIB_V ?E'T.!V.V $G[= =?;= IT.VV_T. aGTA K' &2 !E+ .4.'[?`. aGTA K# M .BGa 1 2 e;F ?E'GC> IB.[. 'GC$_V[?GE T.V_B[V ?E =?;= .C?VV?GEV G3 =c+TG'!T$GE  ?E [=. .b=!_V[ ;!V.V !E+ ?E ! +.'T.!V?E; .4.'[?`. aGTA K# M
[ 1 2 H [=. [=.TCG+cE!C?' .5'?.E'c &# ?V !Ba!cV +.'T.!V.+M ^M $_TE >.E;?E.V ![ I!T[ BG!+ !E+ ?.V.B .E> ;?E.VM =. T.B![?`. 3_.B V_IIBc 1$ ?V +.[.TC?E.+ $c [=. +T?`.TM !2 46!?E9!CC![?GE +_. [G =?;= 'GCIT.VV?GE T![?GVM =. .E;?E. '!E GEBc GI.T![. _I [G ?[V C!b?C_C ;!V BG!+ JC!b?C_C 1 KM _. [G B.!E GI.T![?GE ?[V C!b?C_C IGa.T !''GT+?E; [G [=. +?VIB!'.C.E[ `GB_C. ?V* =Ga.`.T* EG[ T.!'=.+M -+ 46! E!C?' .5'?.E'c G`.T 1* !VV_C?E; !E GI[?C!B 'GE[TGB G3 3_.B ?E@.'[?GE !E+ ?;E?[?GE [?C?E;M E;?E.V C!c _V. T.'?T'_B![.+ .b=!_V[ ;!V ?EV[.!+ G3 3T.V= !?T [G ?E'T.!V. [=. T.B![?`. !?T V_IIBc 1 M
V BGE; !V V_5'?.E[ !?T ?V !`!?B!$B. 3GT [=. 'GC$_V[?GE [=?V ?V V?C?B!T [G ! =?;=.T !?T>3_.B T![?G 1M b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GE T.+_'.V [=. .C?VV?GE G3  C +_. [G BGa.T 'GC$_V[?GE I.!A [.CI.T![_T.VM

A848A

1),1 31 5@
3_.B T![?G 1 '=!E;.V a?[=?E ! B!T;. T!E;.M =. ?E9!CC![?GE G3 .b[T.C.Bc B.!E C?b[_T.V ?V V[?BB IGVV?$B. $.'!_V. G3 [=. EGE>=GCG;.E.G_V 3_.B +?V[T?$_[?GE ?E [=. 'GC$_V[?GE '=!C$.TM _'= ?E=GCG;.E.G_V C?b[_T.V $_TE a?[=

8e

B:  

   

K#

K#

1$

=

e;/ /e

H8 

He 8 ^ 5-'.

:e \e ^e 5-C 5

e;H8 5-'.

5-C 5

   )%J3N% O;E5 4 ;N%E %9039% F=%%# (;E  %9039%F >6%(J ,0ME%? #%=%9#390 ;9 J1% J1E;JJ6% 906% " 9# 3%F%6 %9039%F >E301J ,0ME%? #%=%9#390 ;9 E%6J3N% (M%6 FM==6Q  A

! c.BBGa 9!C.M =. !`.T!;. !?T>3_.B T![?G V=G_B+ EG[ $. $.BGa 1 1 H;\ [G !`G?+ [=. ;.E.T![?GE G3 [GG C_'= VGG[M ?E'. [=. .4.'[?`. aGTA K# ?V $!V?'!BBc ;?`.E $c [=. !CG_E[ G3 ?E@.'[.+ 3_.B* [=. 3_.B V_IIBc C_V[ $. '_[>G4 a=.E T.!'=?E; [=. C!b?C_C .E;?E. VI..+M [=.Ta?V. [=. .E;?E. IGa.T aG_B+ 'GE[?E_. [G ?E'T.!V. a?[= VI..+ T.V_B[?E; ?E ! V.B3>+.V[T_'[?GE G3 [=. .E;?E.M _.B C!c $. ?E@.'[.+ ?E V.`.T!B V[.IVM
7TV[ VC!BB !CG_E[ G3 3_.B V[!T[V [=. 'GC$_V[?GE ITG'.VV CGT. VCGG[=BcM =. V.'GE+ C!?E ?E@.'[?GE [=.E T.V_B[V ?E BGa.T I.!A IT.VV_T.V !E+ [.CI.T![_T.V* c?.B+?E; BGa.T  C .C?VV?GEV !E+ B.VV 'GC$_V[?GE EG?V.M
E ?E@.'[?GE ![ [=. .E+ G3 [=. 'GC$_V[?GE 'c'B. =.![V _I [=. .b=!_V[ I?I. !E+ .b=!_V[ ;!V [T.![C.E[ VcV[.CV V_'= !V ! VGG[ 7B[.TM =.E ?.V.B .E;?E.V !T. GI.T![.+ a?[= `.Tc =?;= .b=!_V[ ;!V T.'?T'_B![?GE T![.V* [=.E [=.c ;.E.T![. 3.a EGb?G_V T!a .C?VV?GEV %^/&M !2,D GE+* \E: G3 3_.B ?V ?E@.'[.+ !V ! V[T![?7.+ '=!T;.M
3[.T $_TE?E; [=?V T?'= C?b[_T.* [=. =GCG;.E.G_V B.!E C?b[_T. $_TEV ?E ! $B_. 9!C.* T.V_B[?E; ?E ! T.+_'[?GE G3 EGb?G_V .C?VV?GEVM
[ =?;= BG!+V* [=. GI.T![?E; 'GE+?[?GEV !T. V=?3[.+ 3TGC `.Tc B.!E [G V[G?'=?GC.[T?' C?b[_T.M
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